Wage trends in India : 1830-1976 - analysis, discussion and compilation of data

Public Disclosure Authorized J..' - ,, WAGE TRDiDS IN INDIA: 1830 to 1976 - A:.'f Al'iALYSIS, DISCUSSION AND COMPILU:ON OF DATA. by Public Disclosure Authorized Y. Satyanarayana Series: Studies in Employment and Rural Development No. 74 Division: Employment and Rural Development Department: Development Economics Public Disclosure Authorized Development Policy Staff International Bank for Reconst=uction and Developmen~ This paper assembles data on "#ages in India from different sources. The first part.of the paper provides an analyses of the trends in ~ages. The second part explains the nature and scope of the data available from different sources. The third part contains the statistical tables. This research was funded by the Research Committees - RPO 671-84. Public Disclosure Authorized 'The views e.."<pressed represent those of the author and not ~ecessarily those of the Bank. This report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing the views of the Bank and its affiliated organizations. washington D.C., October J98l  RPO 671-84 August 1980 WAGE TRENDS IN !:m)IA: 1830 to 1976 - Al.'i ANALYSIS, DISCUSSION A..?ID COMP!LATION OF DATA by Y. Satyanarayana* World Bank * Prepared under the. guidance of Mr. Deepak Lal. The views e..~pressed are personal and should not: be at::r:.buted in any rNay to the World Bank or it:s affiliates.  CONT'2ITS PART - I Page 1. Wage ·Trends in India: 1830 to 1976 1 PART - II 2. Sources of Wage Statistics 15 3. The Minimum '1ages in India 16 4. Agricultural Wages and Earnings 17 ~· Industrial Wages and Earnings 21 6. Earnings of Workers in Mines 26 7. Other Wages and Earnings 27 8. NSS Reports on Wage Data 31 9. Bibliography of Articles Collected on Wages in India 32 PART - III 10. List of Statistical Tabl~s 36 11. All India 41 12. Agriculture 49 13. I:idustry 75 14. Professional and Public Sector 12.9 15. Others J,35 ,,,, PAR'! - I  WAGE TRENDS IN INDIA~ 1830-1976 It is difficult to trace the wage movements in India before 1830. There are scattered studies relating to particular periods for the last 150 year$. It is not found possible to build up a time-series by linking them together because of certain vital gaps in them. However, a descriptive review of these st~dies gives a broad picture for the entire period 1830-1860: The period witnessed the building up of railways, establishment of te~ and coffee plantations and the beginning of modern industries. Accord~ ing to Buchana.J:. 1 ·i:here occu~red during this period a doubling of '#ages of coolies and carpellters in certai:i areas. As these figures are in money terms and the ped.od witnessed a considerable increase in prices, it is difficult to be sure of the real income position o~ the workers. Dadabhai Naoroj±Z/ quoted official data_ to show that wages of unskilled labour in Bengal remained at the same l~vel in 1830/31 ~d 1866/67. In his other ,.]_/ , . b oo"-- . ne pointe . d out t h at t h e increase in wages was 1oca1 an d temporar1 depending upon such conditions as the establishment of plantations, the building of railways, the starting of factories, opening of mines etc. undertaken by th~ Government after the mutiny. 1860-1873: Again according to Buchanan, wages of coolies and carpenters were slightly less in 1892 than in 1860 whereas wages in cotton and jute mills remained at ~he same level since 18150. In che district of Tipperah the wages of blacksmith or carpenter were doubled in 1870 as compared to 1850 while prices went up by 3 times.!/  - 2·- 1873-1900 :. Indices of money and real wages of carpent:ar, syce and ag~i- cultural labou:.i: for t:he period have bt=?en taken from the data given in !rends ot Wages in India (1873-1900) published by D. Bhattacharya in Artha. Vijnana~ September 1963. The data are given in !able l.l. The mean deviation of regional. indices in each year is a.lso shown in the same cable. Tue bulk of the data. used in Ehattaclla.rya.' s article ".tas ta.ken from t:he 10/ official series of PTices and Wages in India-:- aalf-yearly inform.a~ion collected by Tahsilda.rs on wages formed the basis of the returns submitted by Collec~ors to the Director of Agriculture in ea.ch ?rovince. these data, after examination in the office of the Director of. Agriculture, were pub- lished in the provincial gazette. F-rom these half-yearly data, a series of co~arative figures for selected (but not typical) districts in ea.ch province were published annually in the Prtces and Wages in India since 1884 with data from 1873. The All-India average wage rates for the :hree cat:egories of workers were obtained by Bhaet:acharya as simple averages of provisional figures for the half-year ending December 31. The mcney wage indices given in Table l.l are based on this '.ilage data. Bhattacharya obtained the real wage indices by deflating the money wages with the unweigt11:ed price index of foodgrain's (base 1873•100). !he price indices were compiled. f'rcm !nde::i: ~ha:l.be't' of !nciian ?rtces, 1861-1918 issued by t:he Depatt:nent of S tat!s-r:ii:s, India. The pooled ,.,.,age rates were obtained as the weighted average oi the wage rates of t!le. three categories of •.Jor!-ters. The ~eigilt:s used were the respec~ive All-India population 3U~port:ed by '1 these .~cc.ullat:ions in 1891 as per c.eusus. !he. :ooney ·N"ages grew slowly and  Graph 1 TREND IN MONCY HAGES 1873 TO 1900 - - - - UNWCUiHTEO PRla: INOCX or fOOOORAIN5 · •• •· •• · •· •••· ·••· ••· CARP[ltJER tlASOO fNJ BLACkStU TH - - - - - - - - - - · S'CCC OR ttbRSE l<E£1'ER - - · - - · · AQR[. LABOUR - - - - · ram.to 1so,-~~~~--~~==================-~---- 110 l.'20 lOO --~:;.::.:,:~-------- .. -~---· .•:""" ~·~·· ... ..... ~.;.;• .. ···· ..• .. ·· ...... ····........ ·ao _J •• ···:· .•• ··· .•• . 60 ' I I I I t ' I ' I I ' ' I I ' I I ' I I • ' ' I I i I I 73 75" 71 7 '1 8J 8l 8 'S B1 8 'l 9I 91 9Y 97 91' SllR:C 1FIU: I. I J . .... . . -- . ~- . . ...- . .~._.--...,._,4->.·-·•.:.L.,. •... ••- • •·• ·- ·- . _.:..:.:....:.:...:._::.:.. __ =..::.:._.:_~ ~---·--·- - . ,. . ; :' ..... ·.:,;.:.__..,_.:~~.:..~..:......_..,__...,..;. . . . . ...._~,i._........,.-.........,.~ ............. .,_,_.,_.,,  ,.._ _ ..,u•p..•_.........---·-"' -·-·--·· I I • 1 TOil J:Uni las L a ~a ts 1.a £e L-e se ta 1e t L. L L. ~ L. l--L--JL-JL-.l~--L-&._...__._~_._~_._-l....-4-..&.-.._.6-A--1-..J..._.L--1__,_--L_.__~09 cL. 09 001 I ~ I \ 1 i OZI ' . ' jf... . . '•,·•.·.. ...···'··... ....:: 1~I ..... . . 1: \.} ' - ·.I' ., , ·r- \,~~'l! OJ.I •I ·. ·~·: , .~ ''--·--' '',,'' " O:J100d • - - - - H.Ut009U1 • Ja.&U · · - - · - - M:Jd]J)f :fiU9H YO J:ll5 ·---------- H11NG)e:J119 O" NJS\IU HllNJdUu:J ·•••·•··••··•··•••••• SNIUtmCIJOJ JO ~I :DUM OlltlrJIJHNf1 - - - - 0061 01 £LB1 S3S~M 1~3~ NI ON3~l  - 3 INDIA "lEGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF FAHI~TES 1929 t:o 1909 '.\11'. w • .L. t~c·~ i:illlct on r'aaninv!' l"roai1tt:t'!f llf'n::u& 1'' l" F F F llin.:u' r.' F l·' F O:lM" Ou11la ... !:" •• F F ·1·· ~. W. Pmvince. F p F i.· 1'' r:' 'P1mj1.b ... F F l.'1'' 1:1.:1.Lr.,1 l'ro"·inet'!t r• r•F Ci:nu·al In,lia 1.. v F 1·' l~•i:uuau:~ 7 1-' 'F V1'' Suu~ F' C1~~:Lr,,t i-· 1" •• }' U.;ml.loa~ l" r' l•' F l,.F llr•r:\I' • FF Hr•~» rah:" I F F 1'' i-· F r' r' :.l.-Jr:.. F" i: I•' F F FF i-· p l" pi-• :.:,,ur~· t.. llC:.:n~' l" F i~"'d"'"'"" ,\Ci~CC'cl 1 ~ 1 -4 J s J a :: l a 1 :l 1 :: t -4 11 l I :: : II a ta t Source: Arvind Sharma, "British Raj and Indian Economic Development: The ~1ineteenthcentury as a case of .controver?Y and Methodology", The Indian Economic Journal, January~rch 1972 •.  - 4 - steadily during the period ·..;hile price index of foodgrains ·grew sl~l:r ~Ji th violent fluct:uations (Graph 1) • The sharp fluctuations in .:oocig::-ai:i prices w~re due to famines in the years 18i7-1879, 1897 and 1900 and drought in 1892. l'rtces had no bearing on money wages. The regression result in appendix eseablished the fact. These fluctuations in foodgrain prices in- duced violent fluc:uatio·lls in the real wage rates (Graph 2) and on t:he whole there 1'.Jas a slight declining trend in real ~.Jages during the period. The real wage rates of the three catego-ries of workers fluctuated in a ~;ery similar m.nner and are j us1: in opposite direction to the :ncvements of price index of foodgra.ins. In the years of severe famine (187i-i9) and prolonged drought (1892) there was a sharp drop in real 1'.Jages. Wages fell due to famine in the years 1897 and 1900 (see Table l.7). An examination of the man deviation of regional :!.ndices makes it: clear that between regions, disparities in wage ~ates increased durin~ 1873-1900 for mason, carpenter or blacksmith; for syce or horse keeper the regional disparity increased at the end of the period while no such trend is found in the ~age rates of agricultural labourers~ In spite of a -.ell known expansion of employment potential economic activities like railway construction, public 1.works, plat1.tation, jute and cotton textile and other inciuscrles, there '#as a dC'mW'ard trend in real '•ages. The employment generated ill these activities ·.ras a smaller :raction of the total labour force and the unem;sloymenc created due to a decline in t::aditional cra.fu indust:y was high. !ncrease. in foodgt"ains prices, o.ot only ac:::acl:ad unemployed people in t:raditioD,al c=afts towards cultivation but also brought the real ~ages down. Bu: these alone probably do no1: explain the sharp decline in 'N'ages over yea.rs.  - 5 - K.L. Dutt~/ rejected bulk of the data compiled in Prices and Wages in India as unreliable. He remarked that the method of compilation was faulty and the remuneration of agricultural labourers paid partly at least in kind was difficult t:o account. He a.lso quf'.'lt;?d in supporl: of his view, a nt.imber of officials who went on to say that the decline recorded in the real wages was unreal. On the basis of official data, Buchanan observed that wages for both agTicultural and skilled labour remained remz.rkab ly stable during the eighteeen years--1873 to 1891 and there was slight in- crease in factory wages during 1873-1895. Occurrence of a famine over a considerable area raised the price level in the country and brought down 6/ the real wages.- This perhaps explains partly the sharp fluctuations in real wagesG But Bhattacharya viewed that rural wages during 1873 to 1900 remained stationa'?J'. 1897-1912 For this period, the data on wages were obtained from K.L. Datta.ii The average real wage indices (base 1892•100) in industries compiled by Dutta are given in Table 1.2. The data show sharp fluctuations in real income; but on the whole there appears a slight upward trend in real wages (see Graph 3). 1914-1944 The Labour Office of the Government of Bombay conducted enquiries ii into ~ages of labour in the cotton textile industry in 1921 and 1923.- According to this enquiry, the index of real earnings (base 1914=100) for all workers in Bombay •.Jent u~ to 117 in May 1921 and 126 in August 1923. The report of the Royal Commission on Labour in India (1931) obser7ed that  - 6 - a sharp :r:ise in prices t:ook ?lace towards and after the end of the fi:st world ~.Jar and th.ere ~.;as general rise in wages in. 1920 and 1921. The Commission also observed that p~ices reached a peak level in the autumn of 1920 and the general tendency thereafter was downwards, so that by 1923, the workers ':lere generally better off than. be.fore the war. 'The above t:"'..ro sources indicate that there ...,as some rise in wages in the early twenties. C!cwever, chey relate t:c a. very short period and do a.ot give any definite evidence on ·.1age mcvements in the inter-war period 8/ as a. ?.Jhole. Money and real wage indices giiren by R.amgopal Agar..rala- a.re presented in Table l. 3. l:Ie comput:ed t:he indi.~es from ::he data given by 9/ S.P. Saksena.- Saksena gave 7ear by year figures of mcney wages and cost of living indices for a number of industrial.. centres for the period 1914-1935. Agar..rala assumed that the wage and cos~ of liVing indices of the industrial centres =epresent the wage and cost of living indices of the provinces in wb.ich they T.iiere situated. In case of !DOre than one indus- trial centre in a. province, a si:nple average of t:he indices at different centres was taken. The All-India index was obcained by combining the St:ate indices using t:he ritie.hgts in proportion to employment: in different: States. The employment figures were obtained from ~tatist:ical ..-\bstrac~ of British. Io.di.a., 14th issue. The regression result given in the Appendix shows that the speed of adjustlDent of money •..rages t:o prices •.was slow. From Graph. 4, it is clear that upto 1929 there ':las no trend in raal wages, thougti chere were some fluc:uaciaus. After 1929, there •.Jas an .i-pwarci trand in_ real 1 ~..;ages; but obviously this ·.Jas due l:c the falling ?rices during the Greac Jepression a.na adjusc:nenc of money wages i:i the  i• 1: I .,_________________ ________________ ~_._09 "l• " o\ b 9. L 9 __..__ !a .v t -c l oobt tb lb u,ca, 06 001 011 ..______________________________________ ~az1 Zl6l 01 l68t A~lsnaNI NI 53B8H 1~3~ NI ONJMl  . . Graph 4 TREND IN MONEY AND REAL WAGES IN INDUSTRIES 1914 TO 1935 CEllSC 1909-Jl•JOOI - - - cosr CT LIVINQ [ti)[)( ..a: I NOEX ·· · •· •• ·· •· •· ••·· ·· ·· "OHO ----------· RtRL 1-flE INDCX 180 ··. ··.. ··.. 160 ···•·······••·.......•\\.. ......... liO ·········..... ····· 120 I I ' • ..·.. ·· I I , ,-------,' ,', I 100 ,, . ', . _,,,-''' ... ,.. , ,' , " ..... . ..... ,.',' ----- ', '' ,'' ',.,,- ' '.' ,', ; 80 so~----------.----------------------------------------1 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 9>mcc JFO.C I. J  Graph 5 ------,----~-· ... - .. ----...~·-·· __ ... ....... -·--·· ......···-···-·-·-··--~-··.-....--·--~·~···.......-~.-..... ------------------- ., .---.. r . '·: .• . i BOMBAY'· PRESIDENCY:=· .. . . .. :I ' INl>EX OF ANNUAL AVERAGE WUOLESALE · .'I - - -.. PRICE OF 8AJf\A •. : I' • I • • ••• ·@NOE)( OF ANNUAL .AVE.RAGE l.)All'l WAGE . ·•. ~·-·~·· .RATE OF Fl.ELD LABO.UREAS: '. · ·• .· ' : INDEX OF ANNUAL AVERAGE WHOLESALE • -----.:PRICE OF JOWAR. . \ \ \ \ ... \ 8'' ·•, \ \. . . \ ... \\ ... .·\' .. .' \"',~" A ~\ '" . \ I' 80 ' .\ ·. \ 0 • • • ... \ • •• I \ ·I . \ I I .. \ I 70 \ I .. ,! /· \ I ,. . '-•-•_,,,..• \ " ,,,. ,. I I• ' __,j~__.lc--__.~·~~•~-.-~·~---'·----~·---~·~~·~__,•L.-~~·~---~·~~·~-•----1 55 1924 '2~ 1 J~ '-'i 1 1 '2G 1 21 • 128 1 29 'JO 1 JI 132 'JJ .S4 J7 'J6 'J9 •40 YEARS ___ _.... ___ .. ___ . ............... _... ...._ '  ____ ....________.____ . ... .. . . -" --~----·----- -...-. "'-····----------·······--- .~··· ......... -·---- --· ··- .... . ·---------------------------------------..---------------------- , Graph 6 ·:·~I\. :. . . ..· 120 N11 RT H"E RN O;I VISION / .l \' I \ . . INDEX OF ANNUAL AVERAGE DAILY WAGE RATE OF - - - FIELD LABOURER • • "' • •I\ \ I I , ,\ · \• -·-·..:_ INDEX OF ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE OF BAJRA •. • I 100 \ ,, I . \ \ I.. . \ . • ·-·---- ·1NQEX nF~ANNUAL AVERAGE PRtCE Of JOWAf\. 'I "' .' '\ . \ . \ \ '.\ \'\ 00 '... \ \ \ ., \. \ .\ \ _._,.,. .\ \ \ \ \..• .,,.,,.,-·- . 60 \ \ . .,,*""" .. 0 - ......., .. ............. ,, \, ... ~~·\~------~·----~·----~·----~·----·-------·-----~·----~·~---•...._,,.._._._1~,--~·-----~·----~·--~~·--_._;·~·----~· 1924 '25 . '26 '27 '28. '29 tJO :•31 YEARS •32 .'J~ t ~J.q"'. ·''JS ':•. ·: \J6'' ·•3r· ··'' :.: '38 '39 '40 .. _.......,__,.._~ ·-----·----.-.- .......---~ ...... - --..----,-- .....-------......-.-.-...-~--.--.- -. - - ... ,. ·-------., ..... ~ .... -·~·r.-.··•r-.·~ ......... "..-~;r~ ... fl(. ... 1 ~ •'("'~·-·!"; ·~·~··•i • ... r ........... :·· - ..•• .......~ __ - -·-··- -:- ••••••• "'• .., ..• ,.., .• .... ... -- . --.---. -  ' . .• . . ---------------- ---· .... --------_..----------- .- ·~ .. _..... -~-~ ...................... .. .. Graph 1 t . . . . ., ......• . . J '·· ~·'I! . ,., •' .j • : . •'·' I ...• ··- .. ~ I ' • • • . .. :.•: CENTRAL DIVISION ' tNDEX OF ANNU\L AVEAAG£ "DAILY WAGE. RA1E OF ,,, ~ ,., . _- - FIELD LABOUl\fR. ··-·-·- INDEX OF ANNUAL AVEf\AGE PRICE OF BAJRA. I ' .'/\\ .. : 80 I' '\ • \I ,, \• ----•-.. INDE>f OF.ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE OF JOWAR. \~ \~ \ . \\ \\ ' \• I \\. 60 ,.---......... . .. \• .\\ - .. ',\.· ,,\ •'' ·-· ,·,. . . .. . , ......_..... ..-- ~--·--"" . / ..--"' _,.,,- / \ \, . ---..........-- ,,~ ; ..... . \y" r ""' i j. ·20L----L~--·L-~~·~--J1----~·----Lt_____,___~1"----~I~--~·----~·----~·----~·--~~·~~·.__--~) . 1924 '25 '26 '27 '28 '29 ·. 'JO •31 'J2 '33 '34 'JS '36 '37 '38 'J7 '40 ·YEARS ""' ~---------------------------- ------ ---- ....... tw '• •• • • \  •. Graph 8 I ff'i • .• •• ....·~ ••• .. ., ... ... .. .. :. . ... .. ' .. .. sou·1 HE RN • 0 I VISION 120 .. .... .... .• •I i . .. . .•. .) • ; INDEX OF ANNUAL A\IERAGE OAiLY·WAG! j \. ... ~ ~ •··. '· .. ... RAfE OF FIELD LA80URlRS. .... ; . .- .. ·~· .. . 1:.>0 :- J •' ~·· , ........ 1. .. .. . INDEX OF ANNUAL AVERAGE WHOLESALE :. PRICE ·Of BAJRA, . ., t f I . .... \ .• ., _,. ____ ·· .• INDEX· OF ANNUAL AVERAGE. WMOUSAlf . ~ . . ':·i L' •... ., PRICE. ,. \ . OF JOWM . •. ~. .; . ·. .. : . 80 60 .. \. ,.: ... ·' ~o .. J •.. , .. .. . ,. , 1924 1 25. 1 I 26 .. '27 I '28 .• 29 .. 'JO l f I 'JI . 'J~. I 'll I '34 '35 t 'J6 I Ii 'J7 . • 38 f I I . 'J9 40 __ .. •Q .. .. ~ ;.YEARS:· . ...._.,.._ .. .. .. ..... . . . . - - - - - - - - -........... - ................._....._.,. _________ ~ ~·~ .. .. - ... .... .. . --- . . . . "' - ... ... . ... .. ....... .............,,,.._.,..Wlilt .......... .... , ............................ - ............ . ~  - 7 - After the publication Prices and Wages in India discontinued in 1923, publisned data on agricultural wages ~n one form or the other was available only for a few provinces, like C.P. and Berar, 3ombay (annual data) an·d Punjab (quinquennial data). N. Rath and R. V; Josht111 obtained wage data for skilled, unskilled, and field labour for Bombay Presidency for the years 1924' to 1940, from the annual Administration Reports of the Bombay Presidency. The movements of wages in the three sub-divisions and the Presidency are shown in Graphs 5 to 8 (the supporting data are not given in the article) In each of the three divisions as well as in the whole presidency, the decline in wages during the period from around 1928-31 was not as sharp as the prices of Jowar and Bazra. !he decline in wages was considerable and the decline continued long after the decline in prices ceased. Thereafter the wages started recovering slowly. Tbe adjustment of wage level to the low price level was slow. The price level began to rise above the wage-level since 1938. The continuous lag of agricultural. wages behind prices during 1911 to 1944 was also observed 4 by Cb.aturvediJ. / on the basis of the quinquennial wage-data for united provinces. After 1944, he observed, the rise in wages was less than the rise in prices. 19 39-19 76 Under the payment of Wages Act 1936, data on annual money earn- ings of factory workers earning less than Rs. 200 per month ~ere collected for the period 1939-1964. The data are given in Table l.4. The real wage indices have been obtained by deflating the money wage indices with Con- sumer Price Index for industrial workers. There is no trend in real wages  - 3 - (see Graph 9) . The speed of adjustment of !!loney wages to rising prices w·as low but significant:. As c:he data per~ain. to a ?Or.'!:ion of the c:otal w·ork for~e and this portion was changin.g during the period, the usefulness of these data is limitad to draw any conclusions on wage trends. Al.so the coverage of fringe benefit:s was uot consistanc during the ?ericd. On April 1, 1958 the payment of ~ages Act: was eX1:ended to include all workers eamillg less than Rs. 400 per mcnth. The. data available for the pertod 1958 to 1974 are given in Table l.5. !ndic&s of real earnings are also given in the same table. !he graph (see Graph 10) does not show any trend in =eal wages. Indices of money and real wages based on both per cat1ita and hourly basis'have been computed from the data available from Samole Sur.rev of Manufacturing Industries (1951-1958) ax;d Annual Survev of Industries (Factory Sector: 1959-1976). The data are presented in Table 1.6. Graph ll shows the movement of ::x>ney ·..rages and Grat>h. l2 shows the trend in real wages and NNP per ca~ita. The real wages and NNP per ca~ita increased ,..Jith fluctuations and moved in a broadly similar way. Grat>h 13 gives the move- ment of real wage indices and consumper price index for industrial workers. · The fluctuations in real wages are OtJpcsite to flucl:uations in consumer price index. The results of regressions show that money wages of workers adj us1: slcwl7 to consumer prices. !'able l. i gives indices of ~,.;age raees of agricultural labourers based ou Agrlculcural and Rural Labour ~qui::ies. !he real ..,ages had fallen durf-ng !.950/Sl to 1956/57. !hey w-ent up during 1956/Si t:o 1964/63 anci then 3ta:r:ed falling during 1964/65 and l9i4/i5. The real ".Jaige levels  Graph 9 TREND IN HAGES OF WORKERS EARNING LESS THAN RS.200 P.M IBASt 19J9-lODJ - - - CONSUt1[R PRJCE INEC FUR UIJU51RIAL ~ •···••••··•··· ·• ··· ·· t10Ntr NAOE INDEX , ----------·RCHL NflGE INDEX 600 500 100 .... ..............·.·· 300 .................... ..·· ..................• 200 .....······ .. .. _________________ _ --·------ --~-~---~------------·--·----·---- ~, - o~----y-..-.-.-------------___,.-- __________ ___,~----------~ 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 SIX.AC£ lfll..[ 1. " ·-- -·-··· ~"·----- ----:----·---·--;-··· ___ ... .., ... ::-----· --· -·--:.... ·-··-~··- ;· ~·-: ....... :··- ~-··  Graph.IO TREND IN WAGES OF WORKERS EARNING LESS THAN RS.400 P.M CBASt 1960-IOOJ - - - CONSUt1tR PRICE lta:X f'UR INDUSlR JnL JIR<mS ····••·•·•·•·•·····•· MONE:l' wnaE INDEX --- - - - - - - - · Rtfl. NRGE INDEX 300 200 l onu - ~ -!! _ _.....,..--~------- - -- --- -------~-----------------------------------, .... ...... 0-1-----------~----~-------------------------io-~r-------.---i 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 SOlflC[ JfD..[ I. 5  Graph 11 TREND IN MONEY HAGES Of WORKERS IN INDUSTRY 1951-1976 IBASE 1951-IOOJ CONSUtCR PRICE lt-.CCX FUR INOUStRlfl.. ~ ..................... t10Nrt NAOE INDEX fut 1-0RICCR ----------·HONtr NnGE INDEX PER tflNHOUR 600 .... 500 .·.·..... , ,' ' ' ' ~ .,.· ,' ,_ 100 .· .·.· , ,, .e••• ,' ... ...·· , ,' .•· 300 .......··· ___ ,,- , ...· - ....····~·~:, .. '" ... ,' 200 ...... ·········~,, . O_._-w---.-----r--.--,,__,.--.--------------------.__.."T"-._--___,.---.r--w---t Sl 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 SCUlC[ lfll..[ J. 6  Graph 12 TREND IN REAL WAGES Of WORKERS IN INDUSTRY 1951-1976 IBAst 1951-IOOJ _ __,_ _ RtAL NRGE INCEX PER WORK[R ···········•········· Rl:Al.. NAOE INC:O. PER t1RNHOUR ----------· PtR CAPJJA Ntl' ·~ l970/71 nr PRICl:S 170---~--------~~~~~--~~--~~~-------------------------- l60 ISO 110 .··············\ ,:~·<... ' ,_. . \ ~. ,~·· . ., ,'~ 1.. ~ 130 A I ' ...·· · " .. ,' •, I \ 1: ,: :: ..... . . ,• '~ , --1.:"; :. ,', -:.. ~ ..·\ ,' .... \ 120 ,_;·," ... --, ·.......... ~-~ _,'.,"·......... ,,.. .. ., .~ ,I--.""" .· . 110 : ··..\/···/ ~ ·.. ... · v lOO-~'-+--------------------------------·-----------------r--Y--4 51 53 SS 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 SC)l.flC[ 1 fB..[ J • 6  Graph 13 TREND IN REAL WAGES or WORKERS IN INDUSTRY 1951-1976 f BASC 1951•1001 - - - - - - CONSUt1[R PRJCt IND< f"OR INOUSlJAL tfCR<mS •·· ··· •· ·• ·• ·· ·· ··· •· R[AL MR9E INDEX PER J..()RKCR - - - - - - - - - - · R[AL NASE I NOE>< PER tllNHOUli - - · - - · · P[R CRrllft NNP lt«.X nr l970/71 PRJCts 400--~~---~~~~~~~~~~~~----~----------1 300 200 ~ ..................······························.... _ ...·· -~ .... ><'· ~-~ ······· _,........-,___ --""'>-.:- ---------- . ... _____ .::.....:.:.:;.. '..., " ' ,_, , too~~ 01 It t It I It t I Ii It I I I Ii I I I I It 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 sorncc TfD..E 1.s  - 9 - in 1956/57, 1964/65 and 1974/75 were lower as compared to wage levels in 1950/51. Trend in wage rates of agricultural labour by State. betT~een 1970 and 1979 are given in Table 1.8. Tile data have been collected from Agricultural Situation in India published by the Ministry of Agriculture. Real wages had fallen in Assam, Gujarac, Himachal Pradesh, ~arnatakas, P1:l%1jab and Tamilnadu.  - 11 - Wt = a 0 + S0 -P * t + ;\ (W t -1 i:CLo - µ t - 1 + u t µ w :a CL 0 (1 - A.) + SOt P + AW -1 + t (\.f t - A.u 't- l) . t W =- K + 6 P + ). W + Vt (3) t a t t - 1 ·-------------- 1- A is called the speed of adjustment of money wages to prices. Under the conditions of price stability Pt • Pt-1 = Pt-2 = Ps Equation (2) reduces to Wt • CLo + Bo Cl+ >. + ;\2 + A.3 ..... ) Ps+ Jlt - CLO + Bo (1- .A. n) (1-.A. ) Pt + µt CLO +.22._ Pt + µt , (when A ~ iJ , An ~ o as n-,.i ~) -(4) (l-:\) '!he estimates of the parameter for different periods are given in the following pages. When P is not significant and the esi:imated value of A. greater than unity (amount to 12:.:timating an auto regressive scheme), the implied assumption in the Koyek transformation is not valid in that part:icular situation and hence we will not give the speed of adjustment statistic for that per.:od.  - 13 - Period 1915 - 1935 Wt = 10.212 ** Pt + 0.232 ** Wt-1, + 0.711 -z R 0.94 (0.045) (0.056) In the conditions of price stability Wt = 35.34 + 0.80 Pt Notes: --- ** significant at 1% level Wt Index of money wages of wo~~~rs at Industrial Centres Pt Inda'"( of cost of living S .A. Speed of adjustment Period 1940 - 1964 Wt a Oc5i5 ** + 0.254 Pt + ** Wt-1, 0.774 Ri 21 0.99 (0.062) (0.054) S.A • 0.226 In conditions of price stability Wt 21 2.28 + 1.12 Pt Note: ** significant at 1% level Wt Index of money earnings of factory workers earning less than Rs.200 P.M. Pt consumer price index for industrial workers. S.A Speed of adjustment  - 12 - Period: 1.374-1900 _, (1) Wli: = 6.525 + 0.0!..3 ?t ** + 0.924 w1.i::-1, R- = C.89 (0.025) (0.068) (Z) W'Zt . -0.210 + 0.002 Pt (0. 019) ** W2t-l, + 1.007 (0.097) -z ?.. = 0.86 (3) W3t ,. 7.593 ** W'3t-l, -2 + 0.039 Pt + 0.893 R :a 0.88 (0.019) (0.086) _, (4) W4c ,. 4~855 + 0.026 ?t "'* + 0.933 ~'14r:-l, ?.. - = 0.92 (0 .. 017) (0.06~) Notes: ** significant at 1: level~ ? Unweighted price index of f oodgrains Wlt Inde..~ of ~o~ey ~ages of car?enta~, :ia.son and blacksmith W2t !nde.~ of money wages of syce or horsekeeper W3t Index of money wages of Agricultural Labourer. W4t Pooled index of 1ilages ..  - 14 - Period 1959 - 1974 -? Wt 4.949 + 0.032 Pt ** Wt-1, R - + 1.053 = 0.97 (0.107) co .157) ~ote: ** significant ae 1% level. Wt Index of money earnings of factory workers earning less. r:han Rs .200 P .M. Pt Consumer price index for indust=ial workers. Period 1952 - 1976 :If* _, (1) -li.324 ** + 0.491 Pt + o. 77 4 w"lr:-1, ~--- a 0.997 (0.099) (0.065) S.A 0.226 !n the conditions of price scability Wlr: • -76.65 + 2.17 Pt (2) WZt • 7.679 0.146.Pt ** + 1.148 W'Zt-l, _, R- • 0.972 ~ot:es: ** significant at 1% level. Wl t !Jldex of money ".Jages per workers in indusc:: W'Zt Index of money wages per .nanhour in industry  PART - II ~· Sources of Wage Statistics Wage statistics in India are mainly collected under statutory and nonstatutory systems. Under the first system the furnishing of necessary wage data to the specified agencies is mandatory on the part of the primary units under various enactments. In other system, the wage statistics are collected through ad hoc surveys and studies conducted from time to time on voluntary basis. Wages and related statistics are collected under the following statutory provisions: (1) The payment of wages Act, 1936; (2) The collection of statistics Act, 1953 (Annual Survey of Industries); (3) The Minimum Wages Act, 1948; (4) The Mines Act, 1952; and (S) Other Acts to administer other labour laws. The Labour Bureau and NSSO has conducted the following surveys under which data on wages etc. were collected: (1) Agricultural and Rural Labour :'Snquiries; (2) Occupational Wage Surveys; (3) Survey of Labour Conditions; (4) Intensive Type of studies on rural labour in india.; and (5) National Sample Surveys. The wage statistics available in !ndia are discussed under the following heads: (1) The minimum. wages in India; (2) Agricultural wages and earnings; (3) Industrial ~rages and earnings;  .. - 16 - (4) Earnings of ~orka~s in ~ines; and (5) Other wages and ear~i.4gs. !he ~!inimum Wages in !ndia The Minimum Wages Act:, 1948 empowers :3.p~n:oriate Governments co f i..~ and revise the minimum wage rat:as of workers in scheduled ~ployments specified ill part l or part !I of the schedule, or any employment: subsequently added r:hereto. Each Government (Central, St:ata, or ua.ion !erritoty) submits its quarterly/ annual report on the ·.Jerking of the :!inimum Wages Act r:o the Labour Bureau. Among other aspects, the report also cont:ains infor.nacion on ~inimum wage rat:.as f :!.:~ed or revised in any scheduled employment: by an appropriace Gyverr.:nent: during the Quart: er /years. Minimum wages ntied. not be fixed. in respect of an employment in a state if it employs· less than 100 workers. There is also a provision in the Act: ..whic.h empowers the :3.ppr'?ria.te government r:o extend the application of the 1 Act eo any other employment: they consider it proper. The minimum wages have been fixed. in 124 employments by Central, State and Union TerTitory Governments till 31st December, 19i6. !he detailed. data are available with Ministry of Labour and. ill Indian Labour Statistics published by Labour Bureau. Agriculture is included. in the scheduled. employment under t:he !i!nimum Wages A.ct. !able Z.l gives the minim.um agricultural wages fixed :tn different states as of January l9i8. Table 3 ~3 gi..res ehe range of m-:"-::. ..::.1r•.J"Lu. ··:ages Hxed under the ~imum ~~ages Ac.t:, 1948 by various St:ates/Unie1:J. T~ s:·:itories for lowest daily paid 1msic.illed ~e •.rorkers (excludes employment3 where ·.rages were fixed on monthly or ?ie.ce ra.t:a basis) a.s on December 31, 1977. Table 3 .l shOQI ~i:num wages  li· - (Basic+ Dearness Allowance) prevailing in industries/sectors. Table 3.2 gives minimum emoluments of employees in selected indust:ries/undertakings in the organised sector as in January 1978. tn table 3.4 the minimum wages per month (Basic+ D.A.) of Cent:ral and State government employees as of January 1978 are given. Table 3.5 shows total emoluments per mont:h of peon, driver, clerk and ·steno at the minimum and maximum of the scales in different organisacions as of June 1977. Agricultural Wages and Earnings: Periodic enquiries into agricultural wages in India began as early as the 1850's and regular collection of such data started in 1880 in all parts of India. Nilakantha Rath13 gave a detailed h~storical account of the various schemes for collection of agricultural wage-data. D. 12 Bhattacharya gave wage data for agricultural labourer and others for the period 1873-1900 in his article Trend of Yages in !~dia (1873-1900), published in Artha Vijnan.a., September 1965. The bulk of the data gi,Ten in this article was taken from the official publication, Prices and Wages in 10 The money and real wage indices based on this data are given in India • 5 Table 1.1 K.L. Dutta rejected bulk of the data compiled in Prices and Wages in India as unreliable because he felt the met!lcd of com~ilation was faulty and it wras difficult to count the remuneration of agricultural labourers paid partly at least in kind. Various moves between. 1911 to 1919 to evolve a uniform and reliable method of collection of wage data failed in 1919 and each province followed its own method and the publication of prices and wages in India Nas stopped in 1923. After that, published data in one from or the other was available only for a few provinces, like C.P. and Berar, Bombay (annual data) and Punjab (Quinquennial data). S.C. C~at:urredi  - 18 - in his report: on ;tural Wages in c:ie Uni:ed ?'!'ovinces in 19"-i, ~sed :::i.ost:ly :he ~npublished data availabla f~om Che Quinquennial wage - anquiries or 11 iJ. P. N·Rath and ?... V. Joshi_... obtained wage data for skillad, unsi<ill:d and field labour fnr Bombay ?reside..~cy for the years 1924 to 1940, from the ann~~l Administration ?..eport:s of the Bombay Presidency. Annual averages for t:he t:h.ree divisions of the presidency as'well as for t:he presidency as a. whole, ~.Jere collect ad from. published repotts. !n c:he absence of cost- or-living data, price indici.es of Jowar and Bajra for t:he years 1924 t:o 1940 (1924•100) :or the three divisions and the ~hole provi:l.ce were used to see ~he movemencs of wages in relation c:o prices. (!n the article only graphs are given. the supporting data are not available). !n each of the three divisions as well as in the whole presidency, tha decline in wages during the period from around 1928-1931 .;as c.ot as ;;harp as the prices of Jowar and 1 Bajra.. The decline in wages '~as considerable and i:he decline continued long after the decline in ~rices ceased. ':hereafter the wages started recovering slowly. The adjuscmenc of wage level to i:he low pric:e level #..ras slow. The pric:e level began to raise above the wage-level since 1938. The continuous lag of agricultural wages behind prices during 1911 to 1944 was also obserted by Chaturvedi on the basis of the quinquennial wage-iaca for Uniced PTovinces. After 1944, he found the raise in wages was less t:ha.n ~he raise in prices in U.?. After 1950, the data on agriculcural wages are available mainly from the following four sources: (l) Agricultural 4ages in India (AWI). (2) Agricul~ural and ~ural ~acour Enquiries (3) !lationa..l Sanrplc! Surveys rnss) (4) Studil?S in. Farm :!a.nagement " - 19 - Statistics regarding agricultural wages are compiled by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (DES) published annually in Agricultural Wages in India. It gives agricultural wages for carpenter, blacksmith, cobbler, field labour, other agricultural labour and herdsman for each month of the agricultural year (July-June) for selected centers in all states. Statistics for the latest two months for some important centres in different states are being published in DES's, monthly publication - Agricultural Situation in India: The data relate to causally employed labour on a daily wage rate and paid either in kind or cash. A day is normally taken of 8 working hours. For the unskilled labour, wages are shown separately for men, women and children. For skilled labour wage rates are given only for men. Since 1948, the data are being collected monthly and wages reported are the ones most prevailing during the month. The data collected through the Patwaris, ?resident of ?anchayat Boards etc. is first consolidated at the distric·t and then at the state headquarters. The data is· collected from all the districts and at least one representati,1e village is selected from each district. The utility of the data is l!miced. There is no uniformity about the measuring of the term most crevailing during the month. V.M. Rao 15 examined the reliability of the AWI data by comparing it with NSS and Farm Management Studies data. He found that the data contained errors in relation to both the level and seasonal variation on account of Lhe limited number of centers selected for collection of data in different states. Re also found a significant cases of negligent reporting. His analyses fur~her indicated that, despite some systematic errors, the AW! data ~ould still be useful in research in.,1escigations. particularly in those involving  " - 20 - qualitative hypotheses about che behaviour of ag=icultural wages, c=oss- sectionall7 or over ti:ne. '!he data from AW!, for male field labour,, for the period 1956/57 16 to 197l/i2 by state was summarised by A.V. jose • The money and real wage rates compiled by him are re~roduced in tabla Z.ll. Data available for che latest two :ncnths from Agrieultqral sit:uat::!.on in India are given in table Z.2 (a) & (b). Table 2.2 (c) gives money and real wage ~ates of male agricult:ural field labour in July 1970 and a latest month.. Statistics of earnings of persons as wage-?aid :abour in agriculture are collacted ?eriodically ~!:trough t:ie Agric'.ll ::~:-al/?.u :-al !.a.bour ::=i.cu::'..:ies. Four such enquiries have been conducted by the Labour 3ureau in 1950/Sl, 1956/ 57, 1963/63 and 1974/75. !he first and second enquiries covered agricultural labour only while the third and fourth. enquiries ~1ere integratad with the 19th a.nd 29th t'ounds of tae ~SS respectively a.nd covered the antire rural labour. Onl;1 summary report of t:he Rural Labour E.c.qui:-y, 1974/75 has been released so far and an independent report on ~.wa~es and earnings ·1k' e.~pected to be released shortly. The data collected through these enquiries correspond to a full year. For the prupose~of comparative study ""1th. the earlier enquiries, separate estimates in respect of agricultural labour households were produced in third and fourth enquiries. The. essential wage data from the four enquiries a.re presented in tabla 2.3 to 2.10 and Z.l.S to 2.17. State-wise wage data from the fourth Agriculture and Rural Labour ~~quit'7 are not ye~ available. Hence ~SS da~a from :~e 25th round (1970/71) for ma.le workers ~et~een 15-44 years belonging :o :-ural :ion-1:ult:i"1at:i.:lg :~ousehold.s a.re liven in !a.oles 2.6 to 2.d and 2.15 :o 2.17 to shew t~e trend in ·.wages in differen~ stat:es.  - 21 - I ables 2 .12, 2 .13 and 2 .18 are based on ~TSS 25th round. Table 2.12 gives state-wise average rates of ea1"!1ings separately from farm and non-farm occupations of males and females in different age grou_ps belonging · to weaker sections of the rural population. Tables 2.13 and 2.14 give state-wise average rates of earnings per man-day in agriculture and other activities per men and women in the age group 15-59 years belonging to small culcivator and non-cultivator wage earner households. Table 2.18 gives ratio of earnings per man-day of small cultivator households to non-cultivating wage earner ag~icultural labour households. \~ages of hired labour are also available from the various studies undertaken by Ministry of food and agriculture in Economics of Farm Management. Table 2.19 gives available wage data for different states. Average daily wages of causal labourers. in rural areas in agricultural and non-agricultural operations, mode of payment, cash and kind and period of wage payments were· collected in intensive type of studies on rural labour in India in Fourth plan in 20 selected areas over all the states. Industrial Wages and Earnings. There are scattered studies on the movement of industrial wages relating tQ particular periods after 1830. Buchanan remarked that all wages were doubled during the period 1830 to 1860 and ~here was no significant change in f.Jages in cotton and jute mills during 1860 to 1873. He further remarked that there was slight raise in factory wages during 1873 to 1895. Since these figures are in money terms and this period (1830-1895) also witnessed considerable inc~ease in prices, it is diff~cult to be sure of the real income posit:ion of the workers. For c~e period 1897 to 1912, th~ ~eal wage indicies (1892 2 100) provided by K.L. Dut~a 5  • - 22 - are given in ~able l. Z. Table 1. 3 gives money a.nd real wage :i.ndices (1909-13 = 100) for industrial cencres for ~he ?eriod 191~ co 1935. ~hese 8 indices were compucad by R.amgopal Aga~~ala from. the data gi,ren by S. P. 9 . Saksena . Saksena gave year by year figures of money wages and cost Qf living indices for di.fferent industrial centres for the period 191~-1935. Agarwala took simple· average of wage ratas of all the industrial centres within a province co represent chat province. These provincial indices were combined using the weights of ·em-ployment in di.ff eren~ st:ates. !he em-ployment: figures were t:he average daily number of workers em?loyed by dif f erant industries in dif:erent states i.?l. 1935 as gii1en in the St:ac:.sci.::al Abst:-act of Bri:isn India, 14th issue. From 1940, industrial ~a~e data are available ~ainly from t~e follo~g sources: (l) The payment of Wages Act, 1936 (2) Cansus of .!-!anufacturing Industrias (Q!I) (3) Sam-ple Survey of ~nu.fa.cturin~ Industries (SSMI) (4) Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) ·ni.e Payment of Wa~es Act. 1936: Statistics of '!arnings of factory workers are collected unde.: the Act on annual basis by variov.is states and Ge.ion !erri;:or'i.ei;... Under t:he Act figures are separately collected for total earnings (before deduc:ions) of employees covered by the Act and the corresponding average daily number of em:ployees. ?er capita annual earn.ings are deri~red by dividi..:l~ the for.ner by the later. Ear:iings include wages, ~3sh-allowances, annual bonus, ar=e.ars and money value oi concessions. Till 1963 the Act was applicable co all factories as deiined under sec:~ou 2 (m) of the :ac:or!:s Act, 1948, i:l ,J _., 23 -- factories which em ploy 10 or more workers using power and 20 or more ~~rkars not using power. In 1964, the coverage of the Act was extended to the factories notified under section 85 of the factories Act, 1984. However, ~ue to an incomplete response from section 85 factory, it has not been found possible so far to include this information. The statistics are based on the factories submitting returns and no adjustment has been made for non-response. During the period 1939 to 1964, data were collected for employees earning less than Rs200 p~r month. On April, 1958, the Act was extendeci to include all employees earning less than Rs.~00 per month. However, retunrs were collected for both the groups during 1958-64. The payment of wages Act further amended in 1976 to cover all employees earning less than Rs 1000 per month. The data exclude railway owrkshops and groups of industries that are seasonal in character comprising of food, beverages, tobacco and cotton ginning and pressing but include defence installations. R.eturns from the year 1971 contained the details as per National Industrial Classification of 1970. The data are supplied to Labour Bureau by States and Union Territories. Average annual earnings of wor~ers classified by industry and state are generated from the data and then real earnings are computed and published in Indian Labour Statistics and Indian Labour Yearbook. ?er capita daily earnings by State and industry calculated from these returns are initially published in Indian Labour Journal. Tables 1.4, 1.5, 3.19 (a) & (b), 3.20 and 3.25 ~o 3.27 give essential wage data under the ?aymenc of Wages Act, 1936. The data suffer from the following limitations: - (l) ~u1 the factories do not comply ·.o1it:h the provisions of t:te Act and the non-r:.sponse vary from year to ~. . ear which hampers comparability of data over time. (2) Considerable time-lag in the submission oi the ~ecurns  - 24 - (3) tack of ?roper underscancii~g of th~ various concepts and definicions at the re?or~i.~g as Nell as che.c~n~oliciacion st.age/ . (4) The most serious limit:ar:ion is the coverage of t:he data limited to workers earning less than Rs200 per monch upto 1964, Rs.400 per month during 1958 to 1975 and Rs. 1000 per month after 1976. These workers are only a ?Ortion of the total work force. !his portion has declined over time and hence the wage dat:a are not comparabla over time. Also the dar:a has nor: been consistent: in its c:i,1e:-3.ge of fringe. benefir:s which increased over time significantly. Census of ~uf acturing Industries (CM!l. An annual census of Z9 out of 63 ~anufact:~r:..~g incusr:=y gorups was 3t:arted in 1946 under the provision of t:he Industrial Statistics Act, 1942. and the Cansus of ~ufacturing Industries (C!I) ~ulas, 19~5 f=a.med c~ereunde:. The O!I covered all establishments employing 20 or more workers on any day· and using power. t'b.e average annual earnings for ~erk.er calculaced from. :~is daca ~or 1950 and 1956 are given in cable 3.16. The !ndsutrial Statistics Act, l94Z was replaced in 1956 by the collection of Statistics Act:, 1953. The Q1I was continued on a voluntary basis for the years 195i ~d 1958. The A.SI replaced the CiI from 1959. Samole Surrei. cf :!anufac:uring !c.dust:ries (SSMI) From the year :9~9 onwards a sample survey of manufacturing i:ldus1:=ias was conducted ou a lToluntary basis in respect of 63 g=oups. !t covered in a sam-pla surre~r :st:acl!shment:s e.m:ploying 20 or more •.JOrki:lg noc using ?Ower and 10 or :lore workers uscng ?Ower. SSMI was also =~?laced by ASI in 1959. ID.die as of :icney and :-eal earnings given in :.able 1. 6 foi: c!:le period 1950  - 25 - to 1958 have been constructed on the basis of this data. Annual Su~1e~r of Industries (AS!) The more comprehensi,1e source of earnings data is The Annual Su~1ev of Industries. It is conducted in two parts: (1) The census sector covers all establishments employing 50 or more workers and using power and those employing 100 or more ~orkers and not using power; (ii) The sample sector covers units employing 10 to 49 works and using power and the units employing 20 to 99 •.Jorkers and not using power. ~~umber of workers and other ?er sons employed are available separately. Manhours ~Jerked by workers, wages of workers and salaries of others are separately available. Money value oi benefits or privileges given to employees is not separately available for workers and others. In our calc.ualtions of per capita annual earnings, we have divided total money value of b~nef its betwee~ workers and others in proportion to total ?.Ja~es and salarias. Table 3 .8 shows the di~parities in average monthly earnings in selected industries/ sectors in 1975/76. Tables 3. 9 and 3 .10 give the money earnings (state-.rl.se) o.f ?..rork.ers in ASI factory sector. Indices of money earnings in the A.SI factory sector fo!' the period 1959 to 1976/77 are given in table 3.11. Table 3.13 gives indices of real earnings of workers per :na.nhour for the same period. These indices were obtained by deflating the money wage indices by the correspnding consumer price indices given in tables 3 .12 (a) & (b) • State-wise Jioney earnings per worker and their indices (1970 = 100) for the period 1970 to 1976/77 are given in table 3.14 Table 3.15 gives state-~ise real earnings per worker based on table 3 .14. Tables 3 .16 to 3 .. 18 (b) give state-wise money and real wage t=ends in O!I and ASI census sector during the period 1950 to 1974/75. Tablas 3 .12 to 3 .. 24 give details of money earnings per worker jy broad indt:ist=:;" group in ASI factory sector during the period 1959 to 19i6/i7~ Tables 3 .. 29 (a) & (b) and 3 .. 30 (a) & (b) show trends in money and real eari.1ings of workers in  - 26 - cotton and juta ~extila industries during the ~eriod 1900 t:o 1976/ii. :~e disparities in aar=:.i~gs of workers in :~e organised and small scale aec:ors of ''arious i.c.ciust=ies in 1971/iZ a.z:e sho"Wn. in ~able 3. 6. A.•rerage ...,age rat es of ·..rot'k1.ars and a.rt:isans in. t:he unorganised sec tot' during l9i 6 are ~~esente~ in table 3.7. Disc=ibution of wot'kers population receiving dearness alllowance acco-rciing t:o basis of payment is si•1en in table 3 .31. Dearness allowance for.:iula adopted in cer-eain :najo-r i...i.duscries a.re given in t:able 3.3Z. Tables 3.33 to 3.41 give industry-wise (at 3 digit level) details of wage t=ends in ASI sample and census sec:ors of t:he ~anufactu~ing !ndustry. Zar:lbl?js of ~.;ot'k.ers in ~ines Statistics of earnings of workers in :nines are collected and maintained by the Di=ector-G~neral of Mines safety under t:he Mines Ace, 1952. For coal :nines, statistics of per ca.p.ita ·.veekl~r aarnings a.re available on monthly oasis. For ot:her mines average daily earnings i.~ December are available :or every ~rear t:ill 1960. For the 9e::iod 1961-65 the earnings in non-.:oal mines relate to the complete year and not eo December alone. From. 1966, ~hese data were taken from the quarterly returns. The monthly returns on coal mines give daily attendances, total average wages and other payments ~ade in cash for work done for any complete working week of the month. !he per capita w·eek.ly cash earnings are e.hen c.omputed by dividing the total paym.ent;s by the a,1erage. daily employment during the week. !o. :-aspect: of :ion-coal :iines also the procedure adopted is s~ilar. Based on these st:atist!cs., the Di!'ector Ganer al of Mines Saf ec:r compiles different series of inde.'"t number of ~oney earnings for ·.Jorkers employed in different mining indust:-y on base December 1951~100. !he dat:a a.re ?Ublished. i:i the !:iciia.n ·~.acour S tac:.stics and Statistics or ~ines in !ndia, Table 2.3 gives the !ndex of ~oney and =aal .:ar:ii:lgs of am:ployees in :iio.es ·.ri.:!l base L96l:alQO for t:he ?e.r'i.od 1961 :o 1973.  - 27 - Other Uages and Earnings: The Labour Bureau has been conducting periodically OccuDacional Wage Survevs on a sample basis in selected manufacturing, mining and plantation idnsutries. So far two such surveys have been conducted, one during 1958/59 and the other during 1963/65. The establishments covered by the survey accounted for 75 percent of the employment in factories, practically the whole of employment in plantations, and about 85 percent of employment in mJ.nes. In addition to basic data required for bu~lding up inde."'C number of wage rates for major manutacturing' mining and plantation industries, and information relating to wage components of workers in different occupations in various industries required for study of wage differential~details of production and incentive bonuses in operation have also been coll:;~ted in wage surveys. Data were collected on occupational wage rates and 1~a.yroll earnings by various components of sampled ~orkers in each occupaticin for a particular pay ?eriod. Table S .. 1 gives occupat::!.onal wage differentiaL; in two su~reys. The results of the third occupational survey are not yet available. The Labour Bureau has been conducting periodical surveys on labour conditions in various industries mainly with a view to obtain a precise picture of the existing conditions and problems of labour. For the pur?ose the detailed data on earnings are also collected under the factories Act 1948 for product: ion and other categories of ·.vo-rkers.. However, in. the surveys conducted during the ?eriod 1965/66, earnings data in respect of production workers were not collected as the data were available thro~~h the second occupational su~rey·. So far about 49 industries have been covered. Data on ~ages have also been collec:erl under the contract Labour Survey. The  - 28 C.ac:a on basic ~..;age, C.ear':'l.ess a.llowanc.e, J c::-..er cash al.:·J.,....;ancas 1 ::oney •;alue. of c:oncession.s, bonus at:c.. have been c:o.!.lec:-:ed.. The data, however, relac:e. :o a part:icular period and are for ~orkers covered under ~he·Fac:ories Act. So fa~ about 21 industries have been covered. ~atioanl S~ple Surveys are the other source of wage data. A list of :TSS reports au ~..;age data are given i.i."'l. Appendix 2. The data ou earni:lgs are summarised in ~ables 5.2 to 5.6. The data on wa.ges in construction are available in ?rices of 3ui!.ding; ~-!acarials and :.raee ?.aces for 3uildir:.3 !.abou::-a!'s published by che ~1ational 3uildiD.g or~anisat~on. Some wage data :-:om :1.i:iisc:=:r of Labour relating t:o construction labour are given in tables 5. 7 and S. 3. Data on wages and earnings of work.ers in mines, planatations, -:ailways, por"ts and telegraphs, docks etc. are publsihed in !;l.dian Labour Year Book. Wages and earnin~s of w·orkers in coal mines .and c.ot:ton textile mills a.re also availa.l:ile in !ndian Labour Journal. The data on wages' and salaries of workers !n government: and ~ublic sector are given in eables 4.l to 4.5. ~in articles and books ref er~ed in ehe preparation of this pQper ara given in the reference. Appendi.""< 1 gives a. list of ar1:icles and books on wages in !ndia.  - 29 REFERENCES 1 Buchanan, D.D., The Develonment of Caoit:alist Enter'Crise in India, :rew York, 1934. 2 Jadabhai Navoroj i, T~e Po,1ert•r of India, London, 1880. pp. iO, 72. 3 , The Poverty of India, London, 1901, p. 62. ~--~-----------~ 4. BengaL, Eastern Bengal District Gazecteer, Tipperah, by. J.E. Welester, 5 Dutta, K.L., ~eoort on an Enquiry Into the Rise of Prices in India, chapter III, Calcutta, 6 Great Britain, Statistical Atlas of 3ritish India, 1895, 1897, p. 42. 7 IeL.O., Wage Changes in Various Countries 1924-25, Geneva, 1926. 8 Ramgopol Agar.;ala, Wages in the Earlv Stages of Economic Develocment, Arthanit, July 1965. 9 Saksena, S.P., Cost of Living Indices and Wages in Economic Problems of Modern Indian, Ed. by R.K. ~!ukhersee and H.L. Dey, Macmillan & Co. 1941. 10 India, ·Prices and Wages in India, 1861-1911. 11. Nilaka.nt~a Rath and R.V. Jashi, Relative Mcvements of Agricultural-Wage Rates and Cereal Prices: Some Indian Evidence: Artha Vijnana, June 1966, Vol. 8, No. 2. 12 Bhattacharya, D, Trends of Wages in India (1873-1900), Artha Vijnana, Sept. 1965, Vol. 7, No. 3. 13 N. Rath, Crit:ical Review of Research in Agricult:ural Economics in India, Unpublished P.hd thesis submit:ted to t:he Uni,1ersit:y of Poona, 1960. 14 Chat:urvedi, S.C., Rural Wages in the United Provinces, 1947. 15 Rao, V.H., Agricultural Wages in India - a ~eliabilitv Analvsis, Indian Journal of. Agricult:ural Economics, July-September 1972. 16 Jose, A. V., Trend in Real Wage Rates of Agricutlural Labourers, Economic and Political weekly, ~rch 1974. li CSO, Guide to Official Staci~tics, 1979. 18 Jeepak Lal, The Structure of Earnings in India, Planning Commission, July 1974. 19 :1inistry of Finance, Reoort of the St:udv Grou"O on ~.;ages, Incomes and P-rices, May 1978. 20 CSO, :lational Semi:lar on Social Statistics, ~Tol. 2, .Ulied ?ublisher 197i 21 Labour oureau, ~inist=y of Labour, GOI, Indian Labour Statistics, 1977  - 30 - 22 Saluja, :1.?..., Indian Of.:i.cial Statistical Svstems, SPS & ':!ES ?·.i~licat:ion, December 19i::..  - 31 - AooendL'"t :l'SS Reports on Wage Data ?.eoort :to. Title 94. Tables with notes on Small Scale Manufacturing•: Rural and Urban; 14th round (July 1958-June 1959) 105. Tables with Notes on Househ"ld Non-i.'1echanised Transport and Utilization of Working Animals; 15th round (July 1959-June 1960) 127 Tables with Notes on Urban Labour Force; 17th Round (Sept. 1961-July 1~62) 130. Tables with ~otes on Professional And Liberal Arts, 18th round (February 1963-January 1964). 152. Tables with Notes on Urban Labour Force; 18th Round (Feb. 1963-Jan. 1964) 163. Tables with Notes on Urban Labour Force; 19th Round (July 1964-Hune 1965) 166. Tables with Notes on Urban Labour Force; 20th Round (July 1965-..'!'une 1966) 181 Tables with Notes on Urban Labour Force; 21st Round (July 1966-June 196i) 237 Time disposition and Wage races for economically ~Teaker section of the rura~ population of India; (~11 subrounds combined); 25th round; (July 70- June 71). 241 (1), Earnings, indebtedness, cultivated holdings, and (11) & (111) assets of the weaker section households in rural areas of various states and union Territories; Region-wise estimates; 25th round: (July 70-June 71).  - 32 - 3IBLIOGRAP~ OF ARTICLES COLLECTED CN ~.;AGES :rn r:mu Agar..aala, Ramgopal. •.vages in the ~arly State of Economic Dei;elopment:, Aranthani:i, July 1965, pp. 144.151. Bhattacharya, 0. !rend in ~fages in India (1973-1900) , Art:han ilij ana, Sepcem.~er 1965, Volume 7, ~o. 3, pp. 202-212. Biswanath Sant:a. !rends in Agricultural Wases - Some Indian Evidence, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, July-September 1974, pp. Z-16. Chatt:erjee, Anil-Kumar. ?Toducti"Ti~ in Selected :fanufact:uring Industries, 1946-1963, Economic and Political ~-leekly~ Review oi Management, ~ovember 1973, pp. M.107 - M.116. Dadi, M. M. Income Share of Factory Lacer in India, Shri Ram Cantre for !adustrial Relations, Delhi, 1973. Dadi, M. ~1. tabor Share i:l Indian. !nc!ust:""": ~eo" and !act, The !:idian Economic Jour:l.al, Janua.ry·-~1arc:i 19i3, pp. 500-514. Dadi, !i. M. P-:oductivitY, Wage Ra.ta and :telati"Te Share of Workers in Manufacturing !ndustries, Economic and ?olit!cal Weekly, April 25, 1980, pp. 711-713. Desai, Ashok, V. Deter:i:dnants of !ndustrial Wages in India, Indian Economic Review, pp. 189-201. Gough, James W. Agricultural Wages in ?unj ab a.nd EfaMana - A ~To t:a, Economic and Political Weekly, leview ot Agriculcure, :1arch l97l, pp. A.19-~.20. Grewal, S. S. and Bal, R. S. I:m:>ac:: of Green levolucion on Agric~ltural ·~a!es in the Punjab, Indian Journal of Agriculcural ::conomi~.s, Jul:1-September 19i4, pp.· 40-45. Grover, O. K. and Raj, K. N. Effect of che Agricultural Revolut!on on the A.gricultural and Industrial Labor in H.ar7ana, Indian Jour:ial of Agrictilcural Economics, July-September 1974, pp. 17-34. Guba, Tiial<ura, S. N. Minimum Wases in the Const:-ucticn Industrr, Economic and Political Weekly, March 1972, pp.584-588. Gupta, Satyader. Shadow Prices of Labors, The Indian Economic Jour=al, January-March 1972, pp •. 420-431. Gupta, T. R. A ~To'Ce on Deter:ninac!ou of Wage I:::ic:::-e.ase •.rit:i ?":":..ce '.Use using !ntiut·-Out~ut ..\n.al'7sis, Indian Economic Jour"Cal, .:uly-Sepcember 1968, ?P. 97-103,  - 33 - Haryal Singh. Labar Inputs., Wages and Productivity on Indian Farms, Economic and Political Weekly, December 23, 1967, pp.2205-2207. Thatkhata, D. R. Towards a ~!eaningful Wage Policy, Economic and Political Weekly, Annual Number, January 1968, pp. 53-58 .. Kod, K. L. Minimum Wages an.d ~.J'age Polk"'r, The Indian Eco.nomic Journal, July-September 1966, pp. ll0-113. Krishnarji N. Wages of Agricultural tabor, Economic and Political Weekly, Volume 6, No.39, September 25, 1971. Labor Bureau, Ministry of Labor, GOI. Rural Labor Enauiry, 1974-75, Final Report 1978. Lal, Deepak. Agricultural Growth, Real Wages, and the Rural Poor in India, Economic and Political Weekly, Review of Agricultural, June 1976, pp. A.47-A.61. Lal, Deepak.. The Structure of Earnings in India; Technical Working Paper No.8, Project Appraisal Di..1ision, Planning G.::lmmission, GOI, 19i4. Lal, Deepak. Theories of Industrial Wage Structures. A Re,riew, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, Volume 15, No. 2, Octobe~ 1979, pp. 167-195. Lal, Deepak. Theories of Urcan. Wage Structures in Developing Countries, mimeographed. Mardaw, B. K.. The Real Wages of Industrial Labor in India, !ianagement Development Institute, ~iew Delhi, 1977. Meher, M. R. Wage Boards in Blinker/, Economic and Politicaly Weekly, Annual Number, January 1968, pp. 59-60. :: .. Ministry of Finance, GO!: Reoort of the Studv Grouos on wages, Incomes and Prices, May 1978. Mukherj i., K.. Trends in Textile Mill Wage~ in Western India: 1900 to 1951. Mukherji, K.. Trends in Real Wages in Cotton Te..~tile Mills in Bombav City and Island, From 1900 to 1951, Artha Vijnana, Narch 1959, Volume V. ~to. 1, PP. a2.::.95. Mukherji, K. Trends in Real Wages in Cotton Textile Industry in Ahmedabad From 1900 to :951, A.rtha ~lijnana, June 1961, ·;ol. 3, ~To.2. Nigarshwar Rao, S. A ~late en c:he Downward-Slooing Wage Cur1e in "A ~lee-Austrian Growth Theor1, 11 The Indian :C:concmic Journal, July-Septe!llber 1972, pp. 135-138. Pandey, R. K. and Di:tit, u.. N. Inter Temporal Analvsis of Producti"rit~r and Wages of Far!:l Lacor in Feroznur ~istr~ct (~unjab), Indian-Journal of Agricultural Economics, July-September 197!., pp. 3~-40.  - 34 - ?ant, S. ? . and 3aghat:, A. 3. So at i.al and TWtiora.l 7a.riat:!on i::i ~ ac ~~r ?!'aoor~ions. Ou.t::Jut. a.r..~ ~fa~es i:i :te .\1:r=:..cul=.Li::~l 5.:c.r::or :..:i :·!a.cih•;ioa. :?-:-acesh.. !:ici:..a.n jou=:ial. ·~i ..;.gr:.c'..l.lt"'.lral ::concmics, Jul;.:--5e~n:e!Iloer 19i ~, ?'? • .:.a-s~. ?at>ola, ! . S. 'E'a.c.:s and Fictions on !I!comes ~'olic~ (Review of 3hoot:~al.:.:i~::s""'s Co~t:~ers Report:), Economic .anci ?oli.r:1c:al ;~·E.·~~~Cl.~', September 23, 1978, pp. 1625-1628. Papal.a, !. S. Fumbling in Wage Policy - Lac or C1:umnissions Purt:her Contribution, Economic and. ?olitic:al Weekly, riecember 20, 1969, pp. l956-l959. ?ar"T:hasarar:hy, G. Re~orterurs leoort on Wages i:.md !:icomes of r:he Weaker Sections in Rural India, Indian Journal of Agriculr:ural Economics, July-September 1974, p~. 78-91. Par"T:h.asarathy, G. Summa~ of Grou~ Discussion on Wases and !noc:ces of t~e Weak.er Sections in ~ur:!l !ndia, !ndia.n Jou:r':l.al of .:..g:-ic:•..il:ural ?:.c:onomics, January-March 1975, pp.14-17. Sa.in, K. ~-!in!::rum ;;ages :or Agric:ul :ur:al !.a.borers :!.:i. ~.;est 3engal, Ind:!.an Journal o! Agric~:ural ~conomics, July-September 19i~, pp. o0-65. Saradamoni, K. Inter-State. Differences in ~anu.faccu~ing and Workers Earnings, Economic and Political Weekly, May 31, 1969, pp. 911-915. Saradamoni, ~. Inter-rat:e Differences in }!anufac:~r!!l.g ~;ork.ers Earnings - A Study in Money and Real Wages, Economic and Political Weekly, May. 2, 19i0, pp. 745.-748. Sauhney, P. ~. !nter-Indust:ry Wage Differentials in India, The Indian Economic Journal, July-Sept~be~ 1969, pp. 28-56. Sauhney, P. K. Wage Polic"7 and !ndust::-ial lelat:ions i:l !cdia: Some :\1rt:ier Evidence, The Econcm.ic Journal, March 1976, pp.107-llO. Shetty, S. L. Trends in Wages and Salaries and PTofits of the PTivat:e Coroora.te Sector, October 13, 197,J, pp. 1864-1890. Shivamajji, K. B., Rajago~alan, N. and Venkatachalam, !. R. W~ges, tabor PToduc~ivitv and Coses of P=oducticn, 1951-61, Economic and Political Weekly, May 4, .1968, ?P. 710-716. Singh., M. L. and Singh., K. K.. Factors Det:er:n:i:1ing Agr:.i:..Ut:ural '.fages - A Case Stud~, !ndian Journal of Agricultural ~conomy, July-September 1974, pp. 54-60. Sreelekha Basu. §.ha.re o.t L.acor !n ~anuf ac~ur!ns !:idus t=ies. Zconomic. a.nd Polit:.c:al Weekly, pp. 1109-llll. Sree.niva.s, :!. A. ?tices, ~onev Wages .:ind Real Out:iut, The :nci.!.a.:c. ::conomii: Jour.:al, April-March 1973, pp. 604-olS.  - 33 - Varma, Pramod, C. Wage Oet:er:ninat:ion in Indian :fanuiact:uring. 1950 t:o 1964, Econon:ic and Political Weekly, Review of :ranagement, ~fay 197 2, pp. 11. 91-11. 95. Varma, Pramcd, C. Wage Determination - Conceots and Cases,. Wiley Eastern Limited, 1980. PART - III  - 36 - LIST OF TABLES All India: 1873 to 1976/77 1.1 Index Number of Money and Real Wages 1873-1900 1. 2 Rea;i. Wage Inda""<: In Industries 18 97 -1912 1.3 Index Number of Money and Real Wages for Industrial Centres 1914-1935 1.4 Index Number of Money and Real Earnings of Employees Earning Less than R~.200 per Month in !1a.nufacturing 1939-1964. LS Inda""<: Number of ~!oney and Real Earnings fo Employ~es Earning Less Than Rs.400 per month in manufacturing 1961-1973. L 6 Index Number of Money and Real Wages in !1anufacturing. 1951-1976/77 .. l. i Indices of daily Earnings of workers of Agricultural tabou'!' Households engaged in agricultural operations. 1.8 Wage Rates of Male Agricultural Labourer in Mid 197.0 and 1979 - State wise. Agriculture 2.1 Statement Showing State-Wise Wages in Agriculture: 1974 to 1978 2.2(a) Daily Agricultural Wages ·in Some States: 1978-1979. 2.2(b) Daily Agricultural Wages in Certain States (Operation)-Wise): 1979 2o3 Average. Daily Earnings of Agricultural Workers According to Agricultural and Rural Labour Enquiries: 1950/Sl, 1956/57, 1964/65 & 1974/75 2 .. 4 Average Daily Earnings of Men, f1fomen and Children in Agricultural and non-Agricultural Occupations: 1964/65 & 1974/75 2~5 Average Daily Earnings of Men, Women and Children in different Agricultural Operations: 1964/65 & 1974/75/ 2.6 State-Wise Money Wage Rates of Agricultural Labourers and Agricultural Consumer Price Indices: 1950/51, 1956/57, 1964/65 & 1970/71. 2.7 State-Wise Indices of Money and Real Wage Rates 1950/51, 1956/57, 1964/65 & 1970/71. 2,8 State-Wise Indices of !1oney Wages and Consumer ?t'ice Indices 1956/57. 1964/65 & 1970/71. 2.9 Seasonal Variation in Wage Rates in Diffarent Sales-Index Nos. 2.10 Seasonal Fall in A..gric~ltural Wages (in season over peak) 2.11 Indices of Money and Real Wage Rates of ~.(.ale Agricultural Labourers - State-Wise: 1956/57 to 1971/72 2.12 Average Rates of Earnings fr~m agricultural and other occupations by 9ersons in weaker sec.t:ions of the rural population classi£ied by se.""<: and age groups- state-rise (~lSS-25th Round)  - 37 - Z.13 Average Rate of Earnings per ~an-day in Agricultural and oc:her Acc:ivities per men and women in the age group.15-59 years; Small cultivator Householcs: State-Wise (NSS-ZSth Round) 2.14 Average ~c:e of Earnings per Man-Day in Agricultural and oc:her Act:h"i.t:ies for men and women. in the age group 15-59 years; non-culc:ivac:ing wage earner households" star.e-wise (NSS-25th Round) 2.15 Indices of Real Wages of Male Agricultural Labourers-State-Wise (AWI & NSS) 2.16 Percentage change in Real wage.Rates During 1956/57 to 1970/71 -State-Wise. 2 .17 Coefficient of variation in state level male. agricultural wages: 1950/ 51, 1963/64 & 1970/71. 2.18 Ratio of Earnings per Man-day of Small culti"tator to non-culc:ivat:ing Wage EA.rner Agricultural Labour Households - NSS 25th Ro~nd (1970-71) 2.18 Wage Rates from Farm Management Studies. Z.. 20 Consumer Price Inde- Numbers for ..\gt"iculc.ura.l Labourers -State-Wise: 19.50/51 to 1977 /78. Industry 3G1 Prevailing Minimum Wages (Basic + DA) in Different Industries/Sectors. 3.2 !-!in:Unum Emoluments of Employees In Certain Select !ndu3tries/Undertakings in the organised sector-January 1978. 3 .. 3 Range of Minimum Wages FL"Ced Under the ~inimum Wages Act, 1948, By ,1arious States/Union Territories For Lowest Daily paid unskilled male workers as on 31-12' 1977. 3. 4 Minimum Wages (Pay and De.·~rness Allowance) of C_entral and State Governemnt: Employees. 3.5 Total Emoluments per Month at the Minimum and MaximUl'il of Scale in Different organis~tions as in June 1977. 3.6 Statement showing Employment and per capita Average Daily Earnings in Small Scale and organised sector-!ndust:~y-wise: 1971/72 3.7 Average Wage Rates of workers and Artisans in the Unorganised sector - 1976. 3.8 Disparities in Average Monthly Earnings in Select Industries/S~cto~s: 1975/76 3.9 State-Wise ~".!oney Earnings of w·orkers per Manhour in A.SI Facto!'y Sector: 1970 to 1976/77 3.10 State-wise Money EArnings of Workers per Manhour in ASI Factory Sector: 1959 to 1976/77  - 38 - 3 .11 Stai:~-Wise Indices of ~1oney :::ar~i.ngs of Workers ?er man-hour io. ASI Fac~or:r sector: 1959 to 19i6/77. 3 .12 (a) S c:ac:a-•.Jise c:insumer ?rice !nde."'C ~Tubmer3 for In.dustl"ial Workers: 1950 :o 1978 (Base l960mlQO) 3.l2(b)Consumer Price tnde.~ ~umbers for Industrial ~orkers for 4 States/Union · Ter~i~ories: 1962 to 1978 (Base 1970•100) 3.13 Stace-Wise Indices of Rural Earnings of Workers per Man-hour in AS! Factory Sectc~ 1959 to 1976/77 3.14 State-Wise Annual Money !arn~1gs per worker and. their Indices (1970•100) in ASI Factory Sector: l9iQ to 1976/77 3 .15 St:ate-rlse !ndices of leal Earnings per wor.kar in ASI :'actory Sector: 1970 to 1976/77 3.15 State-Wise Annual :!oney Earnings per ·;orkar !n C1! and A.SI Census Sector: 19 1950 t:o 1974/iS 3.l7(a)State-Wise !ndices of Annual Money ~arnings ?er Workers in C1I and ASI Census sector: 1950 to 1974/75 3 .l?(b)Indices of Annual Money Earnings per Worker in ASI Census s.~ctor: for 5 Stai:es/Union Tari:it:o.ries:. 1962 to 1974/75 3.18(a)State-wise Indices of Annual Real Earnings p~r Workers in Q!I. and ASI Census sect:or: 1950 to l9i4/75 3.l8(b)Indic.es of Annual Real E:Ar.lings per work.".r in AS! Census sector for 6 St:ates?Union TerTitory: 1962 to 1974/75 3.l9(a)Stat:e-wise pe: capit:a Annual Money Earnings in DLB Factory Sector: l94i to 1974 3.l9(b)Per Capital Daily Earnings of Em:ployees Za.r:if.ng less than Rs.400 per Mouth in DLB !actory Sector: l9il to 1976 3.20 State-Wise Indices of per capita Annual Re.al EA:rnings in DL3 Factory Sect.or 1951 to 1974 3.21 Industry-wise Average Earnings of Workers per Manhour in A.SI Factory Sec~or: 1959 t:o 1976/i7 3. 22 !ndustr;-Wise Indices of Average Annual Earnings of W'ork.ers per Man.hour in AS! Factory Sector: 1959 ~o 1976/77 3.23 !ndust=:r-Wise Average Annual Earnings per Worker in ASI Factory Sec~or: 1959 to 1976/77 3.24 Indust=;_Jlise !ndices of Average Annaul ~ar:i.ings per ~orkers i.:l ASI Fact:ory Sec~or: 1959 t:o 1976/77 3.25 ::ndust=-:r-;;ise ~nd!c~s of Per capital .\nnual ~oney ~a~s of ~L3 Factory ;;or~(ers 1950 t~ 1974 ..  - 39 - 3.26 Industry-Wise per capita Daily Earnings of Employees Earning Less than Rs.400 per Month in DLB Factory Sector: 1971 to 1976. 3. 27 Per Capita Annual Money Earn1.ngs of Workers Earning Less than Rs400 per Month in DLB Factory Sector - By Industries and Secto~s: 1972 to 1974 3.28 Index ~umber of Money and ~eal Earnings of Emp~oyees in Mines: 1961 to 1973. 3.29(a) Indices of Real Wages in Cotton Textile Industry in Bombay and Ahmadabad: l~OO to 1964 3.29(b) Indices of Real Wages in Cottom. Textile Industry: 1959 to 1976/77 3.30(a) Indices of Real Wages in Jute. Textile Industry: 1900 to 1964 3.30(b) Indices of Real Wages in Jute T.axtile Industry: 1959 to 1976/77. 3 .31 Distribution of Workers Population Reci•ling Dearness Allowance According to Basis of Payment 3.32 Dearness Allowance Formula Adopted in certain Major Industr.ies 3.33 Industry-Wise Average Annual Earnings per Worker in ASI Sample Sector: 1959 to 1970 3.34 Industry-Wise Average A~nual Earnings per Worker in ASI census .. Sector: 1959 to 1970 3.35 Industry-Wise Average Annual Earnings per Worker in ASI Factory Sector: 1959 to 1970 3 .36 Wages of ~lorkers per !-!anhour in ASI Sample Sector: !959 to 1970 3 .37 Wages of Workers per Manhour in ASI Census Sector: 1959. to 1970 3G38 Wages of Workers per Manhour in ASI Factory Sector: 1959 to 1970 3.39 Percentage Share of Salaries of Employees Other Than workers in t:otal wage bill in ASI sample sector.: 1959 to 1970 3.40 Percentage share of salaries of employees other than worker:1 in total wage bill in ASI census sector: 1959 to 1970. 3.41 Percentage share of salaries of employees other than workers in total wage bill in ASI Factory sector: 1959 to 1970.  - 40 - Professional and Public Sector 4. l Ai1erage Annual fac.ome of In.come-Ta.~ Assesses Among t::te ?rof assional claa: l9i5/76. 4.2 Erosion in t:op salaries L-i .5over:m.ent: si..'1ce 1960. 4. 3 Percentage change in !\eal value of emoluments of central go~1ernemcn employees since lst January 1973. 4.4. Emoluments of. class land class !II Employees of L.I.C. As on l.l.78 at com.parat:ive levels of basic pay •. 4.5 ?ercenr:age of Employees getting dearness .Allowance Below on share Rs. l .30 per point or its equivalent. Others· 5 .1 ·Jccupational Wage Di.ff erentials 3. 2 ~lalueof Earnings per ?er son per :non th and per day in ?-:of essional.s and Liberal Arts by !ndust:ry Groups for those f..rork.e:-s ~ho r.Jorked for salary and wa!es in those occupations as a principal ~eans of livelihood All !ndia - Rural (R) and Urban (u). 5.3 !arnings in Small Scale Ma.nuf accuri:lg All !ndia 1958/59 - aural (R) and Urban (U) • 5. 4 Average ::.;eeitly ::a.rni:l~s in ?!'-:.ncipal Oc:cupacicns According to ~TSS 19ch (July 1966-June 1967) rounds. 3.• 5 Average Weekly Earnings by Pt"inc:ipal !ndustey According t:o ~TSS: 17 t:h, 18th, 20th and 21st rounds. S. 6 Net Earnings per :nan-day per household per '.week. ill non-mechanised ?l:'ansport 1959/60 - All India, Rural (R) and Urban (U}. 5.7 Daily-Wage Ranges in Construction: 1957 t:o 1961 5.8 Piece and Time Rata of ~ages and Labour output ~tio for Contt"act tabo~r in State P'tlD Construction Pt"ojects: l95i to 1961.  'l'••b le_!:.!!. CNllElC NllMllEH 01" tUNC:'i AND ltEAI. UAl:t~!i lli73- l~OO (lllHit! 1892-Q) -------11,~.;:i-t:l.·L-:.J ·---- ·· · -·- ·- ------ · --- ---------- --- ---------- ---- --------- -- -- ------- ··-·· · --··- --· ----- -- -- - ·- - · ·Hc·.;,; ·ui.)-~j-.;[i,;.; ·{1i.;,;.~j-i1iu) ·.;(-1!".:-f,1-.;.~:- ·-· -- ---- 'icui.· Pricc Index c.lr1;,;.;L·.;.:~ -... -Sy.:".) ---AiL7 tCU"fc~r.;f ____ 1;;J.)T;:;·J c.~1:1~~l;t-~Syce-- --Agri·c·,;i(·,;1;ul ·- - -P~olc.i wi!lc ludlcc:i <>f tl<lnct w,1g1.: wlLh All-rndi.a of fauJgrJi 1li Ha:.1011 unJ Lubuui:c1· t1.1:;uu und Avcra 0 c • 100_ ..... l>l;u.:k!lmi lb Caqicot.:r, Sycc ---A~-riCu I Loral and ua-'l:ion J,<tUuucc.: - - - - -----. __ ·- .• --· .. ____ ·- ..• _. _. __ • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .!!1.Jt:k:.uollh 1H7l 67.6 81.4 92.3 89.U lib.5 120.4 llb. 7 132.6 127.9 22.ll 14.11 :w .. n 1874 67 .6 80.6 92.2 90.0 86.3 119.2 136.5 1:n.1 127.7 20.50 15.00 l'J. 'lu 1675 61.5 811.2 94.0 91.0 8tl.4 136.9 153.0 148.0 143.6 Z4.00 l4.tl1 23.17 1676 65.5 83,0 93.l 93.6 89.4 l2t>.T 142.1 142.9 136.3 21.50 15.17 20.17 lli77 97.l 81.3 94.2 93.4 88.6 83.6 97.0 96.0 91.0 21.63 14.50 23.50 UrJ8 117.b 82.5 93.9 92.2 HH.4 70.2 tm.o 7iJ.4 6ti .4 20.67 15.00 23.50 1879 108.l 86.2 95.0 95.l 91.5 79.7 87.9 88.0 84.6 23.67 lb.33 26.:n 1880 79.7 88.5 95.4 94.1 91.9 111.0 119.8 117 .8 115.2 24.17 16.33 27.00 1881 64.9 85.9 96.2 91.7 89,4 132.4 148.6 141.4 137.6 23.17 15.00 25.67 1882 64. 2 88.7 96.l 94.6 92.3 138.2 149.8 147. l 143.6 26.17 15.33 27.50 lHID 04.2 84.3 95.tl 93.2 tl9.7 IJl.l 149.1 1'15. ! 139.7 ll.50 15.b7 26.00 188/1 66.9 90.1 96.7 93.9 92.4 l:J4.8 144. 7 1110.4 136.0 25.li3 17.00 26.67 1885 67.6 91.8 96.l 93.2 92. 7 135.9 142.J 137.8 137. l 27.50 lb.Ill 21•• 67 .... +· 1886 70.9 92. l 95.6 93.6 93.0 129.8 134.9 131.8 131. l 25.50 15.00 26.17 1887 79.1 94.8 96.4 93.4 93.9 120.0 122.2 118.0 116.-7 24.tll 15.00 26.17 ltltlH Ul.l 95.0 97.0 95.9 95.6 114.3 116.7 115. 3 115.0 25.17 14. so 22.50 1889 80.4 97.2 98.l 96.3 96.7 120.9 122. l 119.5 120.2 25.83 16.50 2J.67 1890 81.8 98.5 98.0 98.l 98.2 120.4 120.0 120. l 120.0 28.50 . 16.'.iO 24.17 1891 92.6 100.5 98.0 08.l 99.l 108.7 105.6 106.0 107.l 26.33 17 .67 25.61 1892 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 25.50 13.tll 21. 67 lt1~1 87.2 101.tl 101.7 99.5 100.4 116.9 116. 7 ll4.0 115.2 211.50 15.00 2l.33 1894 71.0 100.9 100.l 102.2 101.6 130.9 130.5 132.6 131.6 23.50 14.17 22.33 1895 81. 1 101.2 lOlt.6 100.5 100.8 124.7 129.l 12'.l.8 105.4 26.UJ 17 .BJ 25.00 1896 104.7 99.5 105.7 102.2 101.1 95.0 100.9 97.5 96.4 27.67 18.00 28.17 1897 l!tl. 2 99.0 102.4 104.7 102.4 70.l 72.6 74.2 72.5 26.00 18.00 30.67 Hi91i 93.9 101.8 105.0 105.4 103.9 108.4 Hl.9 lll.0 l I0. 7 :n.oo El.17 30.17 1U99 92.6 98.7 104.4 103.4 101.5 106.7 112.6 ll l.5 109.6 28.67 18.00 25.00 1900 129. 7 102.2 108.3 107.l 105.3 78.8 81.5 82.1 81.1 n.oo 19. :n 24.50 SouL'Cc of Ua:ih: llilta: LI. Ulwt:tucharyu, "'f1·c11Js uf W11gc:1 ill 1111Jla (lt17l-1900)", J\rLhu Vljlt.Jlla, Scpl. 1965.  - ~2 - Tabla L 2: 1EAL WAGE TITDE..'"{ IN ::mt:ST3.IZS 139i-l912 (Base 1892 = 100) Year A.•1erage ::teal Wage !~da~ in !ndust=ias 1897 85 1898 101 1899 107 1900 91 1901 99 1902 108 1903 114 1904 118 1905 109 1906 100 l'.?07 98 1908 91 1909 102 l9lQ 110 l9ll 110 1912 106 Source Ra.mgopal Agar.tala, "'~ages in the Early Stage of economic development", Arth.aniti, July 1965. Basic: Source: K.L. Datta, leport on Enquiry into Rise of Prices in !ndia, Vol. III,~  - 43 - Table 1.3 INDEX :ruMBER OF MONEY AL'ID REAL WAGES FOR I:TDUSTRIAL CENTRES 1914 - 1935 (Base 1909 - 13 = 100) Year Index of Cost Inde..'"< of Money Index of Real of livin~ Wa~es Wa~es 1914 114 103 90 1915 121 108 89 1916 123 112 91 1917 122 116 95 1918 L36 122 90 1919 181 138 76 1920 192 164 85 1921 191 176 92 1922 178 178 100 1923 164 174 106 1924 165 17'5 106 1925 165 176 107 1926 176 173 98 1927 176 162 92 1928 171 163 95 1929 175 159 91 1930 154 162 10-5 1931 115 147 128 1932 109 147 135 1933 112 143 128 1934 106 139 131 1935 108 137 127 Source: 3.amgopal Agarwala, "Wages in. the Early Stages of Economic Development," Arthaniti, July 1965; construct:ed by the author form t:he data given by S .P. Sarsena in Cost of Li~1ing Indices and Wages in Economic Problems of ~odern India edited by R.K. Mukherjee and H.L. Derg, Macmillan & Co. 1941.  - !.i.4 - Table 1.4 ~iDTG DIDE..."{ m.'MBER OF ~-!miE'Y AND. ?..EAL E..\RNDTGS OF ::MP!.OYE~S 2.A... LESS THAN 1.s ZOO per :!ONTR rn ~·!..~.rt:FACTI"'::?.I~{G 1939 - 1.964 (Base 1939 = 100) Consumer Price Index of Money Index of Real Index for Earnings of Real Earnings Industrial Factory of Factory Workers Workers ~Jorkers 1939 100 100 100 1940 91 105 109 1941 107 lll 104 1942 145 129 89 1943 268 180 67 1944 269 202 73 1945 269 ZOl i5 1946 285 209 73 1947 323 253 i8 1948 360 304 84 1949 371 340 92 1950 3il 334 90 1951 387 357 92 1952 378 382 101 1953 392 385 98 1954 373 385 103 1955 351 404 llS 1956 387 412 106 1957 410 431 105 1958 428 437 102 1959 446 451 101 1960 455 480 105 1961 473 495 105 1962 487 514 106 1963 500 518 104 1964 569 540 95 Source: Upto 1951 the data have been taken from A.J. Forseca, '~.Ja~e Deeermination and Or5anized Labour in India", Oxford. University Press 1964; original source in !.~dian Labour Gazette, Govermnent of :ndi.3.. Data on money wage i:ldices for che period 1951-54 have been caken :rom !ndi3n :abour Statistics, 1968, !ables 12.7 & 4.2 and linked co 1939 base 5eri~s. Data on consumer ?rice indices for che period 1951-54 have been com.piled from !ndian tabour Statis~~cs 1962. Statist!cal Abst=ac~ of !nd!a 1962 and !n.dia.n Labou= Jour:ial9 At>ril 1979.  - 45 - Table 1. 5: r:mEX NUMBER OF MONEY A.i.'lD REAL =:..wrr~·TGS OF EM?LOYEES E.~'l!)TG LESS THAL'l Rs. 400 PER :10NTH IN ~L~WFACTI!RI:TG (1~60=100) Consuitler Price Index of Money Ind ex .;Of Real Index for Earnings Earnings Industrial Workers 1958 94 90 96 1959 98 94 96 1960 100 100 100 1961 104 104 100 1962 107 110 103 1963 110 113 103 1964 125 119 95 1965 137 134 98 1966 151 139 92 1967 172 150 97 1968 177 163 92 1969 175 172 98 1970 184 180 98 1971 190 175 92 1972 202 198 98 1973 236 208 88 1974 304 207 68 Source: Labour Bureau, Indian Labour Statistics, various issues.  - ~6 - Table l. 6: OD~"{ ~'il.i~fBO.S OF !10NEY AND REAL WAGES DT :t.A.J.'WFACTURJ:{G 1951-1976/77 (Base 1951=100) Consumer !ndex of ,. . ~nae.'"< of Index of Inda.'"< of Indices of Pr'i,ce Index :ioney :toney 3.eal 1eal per capita. · For Wages Wages Wages ~-lag es ~~IP (at Indus~rial (per worker) (per manhour) (per ·..;ot:ke r) (per manhour) factor cost. Workers in 70/71 orices) 1951 100.0 100 100 100 100 100 1952 97.6 103 98 106 10.0 102 1953 l'Ol.2 105 104 104 103 106 1954 96.5 102 101 106 105 107 1955 90.6 113 105 125 116 109 1956 , a-- _,,JI 100.0 :os.9 116 117 110 lll 116 11.l 110 105 --- 1~ !.07 4"' 1958 110. 6 128 122 116 110 114 1959 llS.3 137 133 119 115 114 1960 117.6 149 139 127 118 119 1961 122.4 162 153. 132 125 121 1962 125 .. 9 li4 157 138 125 120 1963 129.4 184 -166 142 128 123 1964 147.l 196 173 133 118 130 1965 161.2 218 191 135 119 119 1966 177 .6 240 218 135 123 118 1967 202.4 263 239 130 118 125 1968 208.2 285 255 137 123 126 1969 205.9 302 26~ 147 131 131 1970 216.5 327 290 132 134 136 1971 22.3.S 354 309 158 138 134 1972 237.6 130 1973/i4 277 .6 431 389 l.55 140 133 l9i4/75 357.6 490 441 137 123 132 1975/76 377.6 351 396 146 105 141 1976/i7 348.2 558 401 160 ll.S 140 Source: Indices of money rJagas for the period 1951 to 1958 have been const:rnc:ed f=om. the data collected from sample su?"7ev of ~nufacturing !ndustries; cer~ain adjust::1ent:s have been made for the difference in coverage, conce~ts ate. For the ?eriod 1959 to 1976/77 indices of money •..rages have been com~ilad f=om Annual Sur1e~ of Industries (census and sample sectors). C~nsum.er ;ir~c:e i:ld.ices have. ~eet:. :om:pilad. as given i:l. :ooti.'l.ot:a of tabla !..4 ?er capita miP at 1970/71 prices have beeu ta~en f=om ~at:ional Account3 Sr:at:ist:ics 1970/71-1976/77 9ublsihed by CSO in January l9i9 and c::mve:"t:eci inco inc!!ces ~n.ch base 1951:11100. Table 1. 7: INlHCES OF DAILY EARNINGS OF WORKERS OF AGKICULTURAI. LABOUR UOUSEHOLDS ENGAGED IN ACRICUI.TUHAL OPEHA'fIONS (1950/51 ;;; 100) Mon el Wase Index Real Wase Ind.:!x Year Consumer Hen Women Childrf:n Men Women Childr·en Price Index for Agri 1.abourers 1950/51 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1956/57 104 88.1 86.8 75.7 a1,. 1 83.5 72 .8 (97.2) (95.6) (82.9) (93.5) (91. 9) (79.7) '1964/65 152 131.2 139 .. 7 102.9 86.3 91.9 67.7 (144 .0) (154.4) (112. 9) (94. 7) (101. 6) (74.2) 1974/75 391 297.2 333.8 260.0 76.0 85.4 66.5 +' ........ (326.6) (367.6) (285. 7) (83.5) (94 .0) (73.1) Note: Figures in brackets are based on adjusted wage rates. The adjustment has been done on the basis of Krislmajis observations (see N. Krishnaji, Wases of Agricultural Labour, Economic and Political Weekly Review of Agriculture, September 1971): -50% of wage payments were in kind. In First enquiry the kind payment was converted into cash at retail prices while in 2nd Enquiry it was converted at wholesale prices. Retail prices were 10-2Q% higher than wllole8al~ prices. The wages rates of 2nd and 3rd and 4th have been inflated by 10% Sources: 1. Labour Bureau, Ministry of labour, Simla, Rural labour Enquiry 1974/75, Suoouary Report, June 1978. 2. Consumer Price Indices for 1964/65 & 1974/75 have been taken from Table 2.20 of Statistics of Wages in India. For Gujarat, Maharatd1tra • 'l'amilnadu and lit tarpradesh, the consumer price indices for agri. labourers for 1950/51 have been e~t!matt!d on the basis of consumer price indices for industrial workers for 1950/51 & 1956/57 and consumer price index of Agricultural labourers for 1956/57. The All-India indices for 1950/51 & 1956/67 were obtain~d by weighting the state-indices in proportion to agrlclaltural labour in each state ·tu 1963/64 given in table 2 .17 of Stat 1st ks of Hages in India.  - 48 - \ Table 1. 8: WAGE R.\TES OF ~1ALE AGRICULTURAL LABOURER I~ ~ID 19i0 -~'ID 1979 (STATE-w"!SE ) (in Rs.) l/ Avera3e Monev Wa3e Rate - Re.al Wa£e :..ar:..J:_I (1960/61 1s. ~er da•:r) State r·~onth 1s. per Jul:r l9iO :or the July l910Col. 5 day 3-s per day 100 ~on th And Col. 6 year ~iven i.n col. (2) ~l) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) And hr a Pradesh. June 79 5.33 3.00 l.95 l. 73 12.7 Assam June 79 6.30 4.00 l.92 l.93 -0.5 Gujarat Oct:. 78 5.50 3.62 l.88 2.01 -6.S H.P. April 79 5.25 3.10 l.33 l.56 -l.9 Karnataka March 79 5.00 3.iS 1. 74 2 •. 04 -14.7 Maharashtra n .a.. n.a. 2.50· n.a. l.32 n.a. Orissa Dec. 78 4.50 2.25 1.34 LOO 34.0 Tripuna !1ay 79 5.00 n.a. - Biha.r April 79 7.02 2.80 2.09 l.26 65.9 Haryana June 79 12.00 6.33 3.54 3.18 11.3 Kerala May 79 7.50 3.97 Z.30 l.86 23. 7 Madhya Pradesh June 79 3.50 2.05 1.04 l.00 4 .0. Punjab May 79 11.25 7.00 3.36 3.52 -4.5 R.ajast:han April 79 9.50 3.27 3.10 1.69 83 .4 Tamilnadu June 79 5.00 z.oo l.66 l.69 -1.8 Ut-:ar ?'t"adesh 3.00 l.42 :rot: es: ]J Figures in column (3) are t:he average wage rates of male field labour ~iven in cable 2.2 (a) Figures in column (4) for t:he corresponding places have been t:aken from Agricultural ~ases in !ndia, 1970/71 published by DES, Ministry of Agriculture. y Figures in column (3) have been deflated by ·t:h.e i:onsumer price Inde.-it for Agricul:ural Labourers of the. State in the correspondi:lg month t:o obtain figurss in column (5). The consumer price Indices have been taken from !ndian Lab~urer, Jour.lal, Seotember 1979. Figures in coliJmn (6) have been obcai:led by deila~ing the :i;ures of column (4) ~nth the consumer ?rice Ul.dex of Agricu.l.t:ural taboure::' of the Sta:e in the month of july 1970 as given in Agricul~ural ?~ices in India, 1963 to 1974 published by DES, Minist=:r of Agr~culture.  .. ... - 49 - Table 2. l: ------ ··------·-··-·~ STATEMIDIT SHOWING STATE-WISE ,. ~u~r:muM _________ _ WAGES FIXED ..... ... IN AGRICTJI.J:'URE AS ON JAl-IDARY. 1978 Date from whlc.h GovP.rnmc~1t df,~c~f·:e ~::t:- .-:· ··: ·.·..::--:.; 1 2 3 c~..ntr:il Government 18th Sept., 1975 ns. 4. 45 to R.'.:i. ti.50 :ici:ort!tng ·co areas Andhra Pr:i.d.esh 2nd Dec., W75 Ra. 3. 00 tc.l ns. S. 00 per day accordlng ·to areaa Assam. October, 1974 Rs. 5. 00 to Rs. s. 00 per day or Rs. 4.50 to Rs. 5. 50 per d:l.y wtth one meal, a.ccording to cccuPD-tfon. Bthar July, 1975 Rs. 4. 50 to Rs. 5. 00 per d!l.y plus !i a.shta (tn all dlstrtC:s e."<:cept E;iat aDd West Cha:nperan) according to areaa. Gujarat 5th Jan., 1976 Rs. s. 50 per d:ly or Ra. 2 ,.ooo/- per mnum. Haryana 31st. Dec. , 1975 Rs. 5.50 per day wt th me:Us or Rs. 'T. 00 per day wt ~Y'-'t I:leala. Htma.chal Pradesh 15th July. 1975 Ba.4.25 per day. J I J:unmu & Kashmir No minimum wages !l.3.ve been. fl:.~~d :JO far. L. . I 2.nd Oct. , 1975 Ra. 3. 65 to Rs. 5. 60 per day :.ccortllng to cl~s of operatlo::i and type of land. Kerala 15th Sept., t 1975 R ~ .. s. 50 per day for llg!:t wor.i( and . Ra. 8. 00 per day for bard wori~. M':u!hya Pr.:tdesh 2nd Oct., 1975 Ra. 3. 50 to :R3. 4. 00 per day accord- l lng to zCDes. i ..• •• lfarch, 1974 Rs. 3. 00 to Rs. 4. SO per da.y l 1 l Mmltpu.r ~faghala.ya. 1977 2Dd Sept. ' 1975 :as. s. 50 per day Ra. •l:. 50 per day wt c meais or Ba. S. 00 'per day without meals. I t i l f it \----·~-----·------------·--------- ··---···--~~---=--- . _............,..  .., ' - 50 - !a~le 2.1 (Continued) 3 3 lat Jan. , 1978 .Rs. 8. 00 per day. Orissa. lst Jan. t 1978 .Rs.4.00 per day Pimjab llth July, 1975 Rs. 4. 65 to Rs. s. SS per day wt th meals or Rs. s. 70 to Ba. a. 70 per day ~1thcut meals.. Bajast.bara January, 1975 Rs. 4.25 to Rs. s. 00 .according to areas Slldctm YtrJmum Wages Act 1948 not yet.enended TamUNadu 2nd March, 1975 Rs.3.50 to .Rs.5. oo per day (.Adult) Rs. 2.10 ~ R-1. 3. 00 per day (non- adults) accordl.c.g to type of operatfcu. Tnpura 15th Aug. , 1975 Rs. 4. 00 per day. Uttar Pradesh 23rd Oct. , 1975 Rs. 4.50 to Rs. 6. 50 per day a.cco~ lng to ze11es and type of work. West Bengal* lst Oct. , 1975 D2fly Rate Basic ~ Total Adult: s.ao · 2.so s.10 ClUld: 4.00 l.82 5.82 Adult: so. 60 65. 10 145. 70 Cblld: 39.00 47.25 86.25 Andaman & Ntcobar lst Jan.' 1976 lls. s. so per day Icdancia No a.grtcu.ltura! workers. Chancllgarh lS±h July, 1375 Rs. 5. 00 to Rs. 7. 50 per day wtth meals or .Rs. 6• .25 wt th.out mes.ls Dadr:i 6' N agar E::ivelI 15th Aprll, .197 5 Ra. s. SO per day •  - 51 - Table 2-l (Continued) 1 Delhl 1st Oct., 1975 Rs. 6. 75 per ~Y or Rs.175. 50 per month. Goa, Daman & Dlu 24th November, 1975 Rs. 4. 00 to Rs. 5. 00 per d:iy accord- ing to class of work. Lakshadweep No agrlcul tur:Ll workers in the terrl tor]. Mlzoram Committee appointed to advtse Government on the fixation of mlnlmum wages ln agriculture. P andlcb.erry 1st May, 1975 Rs. 3. 50 to Rs.~. 00 per day a.ccord- i.og to areas and nature of work. Source: Ministry of Labour * The Calcutta Blgh Court has tsaued llljunct!on agalnst the notlficatlon revlslng the minimum wages for agricultural workers. However, all Dlstt. Magistrates and Dy. Co~ssloners ha.ve been asked to ensure, through persua.slve methods, payment of mllllmum 'Wages not below .Rs. s. 63 per day ln case of adult workers and Rs. 4. 74 per day La case oi children. ·-·· '.--·-·-····--·-·--- -------,,..--------··· - . ,...,......,. ___ ....... .- .... -- ..... -· -·  52 - Table 2.2 (a): DAILY AGa!CUt.:uR.U. WAG'ES I~T SOME ST..\TES; 19i8-1979 1.(n ;U~'CC5) Hi:r..im:in :)'..;.;il~d f;~~OUC' ~orm.:.1 F\.:iJ 1:.:,ulu Oth~r .~~rh.:ultur.:.1 '.'.luoth ~1:i:i: 1 !'>i~!l'i~t Viihgi: ~111J ~·.::.u \la1l:: w,>r\..111~ r---~"'"- -"""" ,----- ....__ ,.... l.ibuur .--·--""---~ ~l:\:1 Wo· C11i!J CJ.t• r--- -- - ~----- ---""\ Of.Jc!·~· L\iblJ• hr~. \Ian \'.\•· ChilJ ~Ian WO· ChilJ man n~n p.:nti:r :)ntiLh \.:t rn:in -41:./hr.1 rra.1~ ..,, ;-(OQ rt.llO -4.00 3.00 3,00 3,00 5.00 Ghant:i~la .\(:&y, 7') .~ ci.00 ~.00 Krisl1na J,00 :i.00 ~.OU 5.00 Jun~. 7? :s <J.lYt) ).[)() <i.nu .+.CO J.tXJ 5.00 4.UO 1.00 S.50 .+.oi> t.?.~O 'J,00 6,00 j. Tadik.onu:i .\by. i9 ~ 6.'.iU .:5.00 .+.(14) G.W Guntur 7.00 5.00 ~.~'J 13 ..50 [1).00 600 g 6.00 .+.I'~ ~.Cd 6.00 4.00 J.OU Jun.:. 79 3,00 :.nu s.oo .J,_oo 1.1)0 -4.00 !,(r,) ~.00 3.00 ~fay, 1'f ~ 4,00 Hyt!crabau :\rut:ila -4.IJJ :.oo 9.00 ~.00 ;;; .+,0} .LUO 1.110 5.00 .+.0~) !.00 J·Jn~. 7~ A.~.-11111 <>.1m n.so (j 111 6.50 •) .(iO l ~ .G-0 Gol:l~h:ic S.J!dal \ { L}', i~ il.JO 15.SO r,.'i'J ~.S'' 6 ()) !3.00 Juai:., i9 Gu1"tuu1 Q..;~ ... i;) - - .- - .... - .. .- - - - - - -----~4.JC ~orted---..---..--~---------~ 5,50 S,5'J 3.00 S.5(} S.5\l ;.o:l S SO - l S.O'J H.O•> 3.0:) o..:t.. ns Hlmaciiul l'rrrdtt:s/1 C:1...>. 1l..Lri. ~>:.nill'\ .- .... - - ~ - ->f\Jt rt!;l.Jrt~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _,. .._ ......... ~ ... - . . ' I :ire!~. i~ :\rril,, ') i· ,. - l!.CO l0.00 K~:,.,rn:aka ·· 5.•.IO ~.SO ·UO 3.50 ·UO .3.n1> 11l.t)) .~.co 6.oo· ll.Lll~hll"C lfaris.Ln.l;r~ \li.m:h, 79 !,1)t) 5.~'1 .+;M .! 00 10.00 Ti.i:n:.:.ur G~.!!1.:i1 dli \l:.11·.;:1. 7~ 5.')1 4})) \ f11/111f<Hlt1ra .\ntl"".1'w-..iti K:ubpur ~{.Lrdl. 79 .- -·-- ----------~- - ... - ---- ...;N\Jt r:;>\lrt.:;J __....__.__.._. ___ ......_.._ ...__ -.- ... ~---- ........ _ .... __ .... ---- .. -..-NcJtr.:\)\Jn.:J------ .................. ----------- ~-- Akoll? Akoli \l:lrc~. i9 Ori:r~" :;_no ..L,1)0 J,00 7.00 ~.Ol) H:lf:JSN'C Soro ~epr.. 1~ 3 .+ ()1) 3,00 ''.00 J,01) J,Ot> ~.c;) J.00 3.11:) .+.00 3.00 3.00 ... Ot) j.On 7.00 ~~ ... ~:i 3 3 .+,00 J.:o J.Otl 3.50 J.00 :.~o J.50 3,00 !.SO i.00 5.00 Ganj:w Ask:i Sc:pr. 78 Dec., 73 l:C 5.~!0 J.:o J.U.t 5.'Y.~ .3.51) 1.SO s,t.lO .+.no '!.50 IOOO 10.U!l 'rdpttrU Gtwt ,.\i;ri. farm C.i:mbu· i.:l\c:rr:t N'ov., 73 3 s.no 5.00 4.00 4,00 o~~ .• i:J 3 5.00 5.UO ·1.00 -t.00 fa:1 .• i9 ;',fl:l 5.00 .i.oo .+.00 Fd> .• 79 .~ 5.00 5.00 .+.oo 4.00 ~.1u~n. 79 ~ ~.00 s.un ~.no 4.UO ,\pril. 79 ~ :..ou 5.UO 4.Un ..:..oo \ta;--. 19 ~ 5.1}0 5.00 ... oo 4.\JO ------------·------------------------~~--~~~~~~--------------------~~~--~-~--~· ----·----------------· - Sourc2: uES, ~!nist:'7 of Agriculture and I=~i~ation, Agric~ltural Si~lat~on in !nciia4 Sentember l9i9.  - SJ - Table 2. 2 (b) DAILY A.GRICULTUR..U. ~./'AGES IN SOME STATES (OPERATION-WISE): 19i9 (In r.1ro.:c~1 Mo111h ----·------- --------------- ·r>"1-.: S.irn1.1l l'l,1•1- .Su11.111g \\\·,_J-11 ... c~- Och.:r ll::nJ· !)i..111.:J l:ii'our ,f( ~,. 1l:11ly \:111111,: 111;; 1ini: :i1=r1· 111.1n , - - - -·- ..... ---·-~ )-c:lr l.1hour Wurl..· i:ullur:1I Car• llla1:!..· C.:11H1· in~ h". ~1111:r (IJ (~) ----------·-·------- (~) Lib•>ur ( IOJ ( 11) )lllllh (f.lJ 1..:r l!~J Oil11u l'Jtn.1 :\l.111"\li.:\ pur :'>l..i.r•• i'J S.O<J lUO IO}IJ llJ.$0 Arri!, 7'1 s.oo 10.so 10.so 4.00 ~lul-llT1t• N.:1ni11;hpur ~far .• 7.fJ 4,75 10.0!} l!J.00 riur April, 79 3 ·UO 13.00 10.00 10.00 R.:i~ Ci.m:al~ovJ Feb.• 7'1 3 .uo M:.::h i7'1 i!' April J - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N1JC rcpl)(Ccli--------~------ u.:.:Uklk:ri A;Jril. 79 :0.1 ~ 10.oa 3.oa 3.0'J I I.CU l'>.OJ 18.CJO HS,00 \V II s.oo 10.00. c I S.00 MAJ', 79 ~l I 10.00 s.oo 3.00 10.00 l:S.00 ISOO w I S.00 Junc.19 M s t:?.00 . I 0.00 9.00 l!.00 :o.ou ~0.00 \V I S.00 l\~n/a K:>t~i~,il: K\1:J•!\ Ally 0 .4..12.;I, 79 M 3.00 10.00 10.0-J IS.00 w 7.00 7.00 s.oo ~· 10.00 10.00 15.00 \V 7.00 7.00 P.di;h;ac Elapully April, 79 M G.00 6.00 12.00 \V .s.oo May0 7'1 M 6.00 6.00 11.00 \V .5.00 AllldlrJ·• l'f'ad,Jlt H'osbanaa· San;lchc:ra· M:ly, 79 M I J.SO 1.00 5.00 bad kalaa w I l..50 c I 2-'0 Jane. 1'1 M :t J.50 J.SO . J.50 10.00 8.00 6.00 \V s J.JO J.50 c . I 2.0 2••u May, i9 M I 3,SO 3..50 J..SO ·4.00 4.00 4.00 ·. \Y I J..50 J.~o c I %.45 .?.4.S Juae. 79 M I J.SO J..50, l..50 3..50 -t.00 4.00 4.00 .., \V I J',j(J • J.JO l.SO c I l.45 2.45 ~ .... Morena Dij:iipur May. 79 I a.oo ~ June, 79 M "' \V I I S.00 s.oo 10.00 I0.00 3.00 10.00 S.00 JO.OU \V I 10.0o SUnt ~hy, 71J ~- ... _ .. ________ ,.. _ _.~at rep:>nrd-~----- ... -----~-- June, 79 M I 4.00 10.00 S.00 S.00 \V I " ...; J,.,O l'uff/llb l.11Jhi:an.a C'Jl.;h,1,w~I April. 79 \f 10.0!J 10.00 l.S.00 15.00 23.00 :J.00 . Ma~. R11j111tlrvtt ?'J "' IU.00 lfl.00 10.00 IS.00 10.00 l,1.00 :.,.00 u.1nir-'· l"lul~r.& April, 7? ~I 3 13.00 l.l.l.lO IJ.00 IJ.00 &.W :U.00 :J.00 n:li;:ar \\' I 9.llO 11.C'oO c s ll.00 1),00 S.00 May k Junc.i'J - - - - - · - - - - - - · - - :-;.,, rc!l'1ncd-~------------·- ,\pr1I, 7'J M 3 6.00 6.o:> 1:.00 6.00 \V s .. oo c I 4.00 M.i1. i•J M a S.'10 June. 7'J ~( s S.vJ w I S.00 c I s.oo Taniil N11d11 ~njavur Al:anuuJi June, i'J M j,00 c 1.60 Tiru11Cf\'.:li ~lal:tyan.llcu· June::, i~ ~~ j.00 ·4.00 t.1m \V 2.~0 Uuur PrudtJlt .\le1:rut (i t•icili:1111• Jui:. l) ·• • ·• ..·-----· · •-• - - - ----:"£Jc re(10rl.:J--·-------------- \' -'rJnas1 K1:1hlYf'ur Jun&:. 79 M 3 9.00 Awa1.1pur Junr:. ;"J - - -.. --------------NotreporteJ-- ....... ~----------- .\f-.\1.ln. '.I/- Wom11n. Sou:rce: DES, :1insit=Y of Ag:ric.ulture and !r=igacion, Agric".lltun.l situation :..n in India Seotember 1979.  'l'able 2.3: AVEl<AGE nAU.Y EAtunm.:s m"' A<atICUJ.TUHAI. \lORKEU!i ACCORDING TO AGlllCUl.TURAL AND lWHAL l.AUOUR 1mqurnIES (in Ulti '} All Hurnl Aari.cultur.al l.abour Uouscholl dti 1.abour llousi.!holds lat Agri- 2nd Agri- 1st Ru1rnl 2nd Rural ist Rural 2nd Rural cultural cultural Labour Labour l.abour Labour l.abour Labour Enc1u i l'" ;v Enquiry Encauh·y Enquil:'y En~uir~ faH!Uir~ Av erase Oa 11 ~ Earuinss of 1950i51 1956/57 1964 /65 1974lJ5 1964/65 !974/7i Uorkers Enguged in :!ari.cultural Oeerations Men 1.09 0.96 1.4] 3.24 1.41 ).26 Uoauen 0.68 0.59 0.95 2.27 0.89 2. :rn ChllJJren 0.70 0.53 o.n 1.82 0.76 1.82 Operat ·Jon-w:i se Averase Dan~ Earulugs of All AsrJcultural \Jar~ Ul Men +'- Plough in~ 1.05 1.00 l.]9 3,35 1.)9 3.35 SouJns n.a. n.a. 1.51 3.74 l. 51 3. 72 Tcantiplautiug 1.16 1.11 1.86 l.3.4 1.86 3.]8 Ut:cJJus 0.89 0.88 1.42 3.07 l.38 3.11 llarvetitin~ 1.26 0.93 1.43 3.41 1.42 3.41 Oc he._. ti n.a. n. a. 1.38 3.11 1.39 3.H Uom~n Ploughing n.a. u.a. 1.02 2.42 0.88 2.35 Sowing 0.60 0.82 0.97 2.57 o. 78 2.60 '1'rur1alip 1 anting o.72 0.69 1.15 2...46 1.00 2.50 U.::cJ ing 0.54 0.52 0.87 1.95 0.81 1..95 11.u-vt!tit ing 0.79 0.58 0.95 2.38 0.87 2.39 Otheca n. a. n.a. 0.92 2 .. 30 0.92 2.29 ----- ------· Sout·ce; labour Bureau, M1ni1:1try of I.abour, Simla, Uu ru l I.a bou r En qu I t"'J._ ! '.[!}}_ /7 h Summac'f_ ltcp':>rt, June ] Y78.  '• i i i i ! i. I .. !km ... . ·•··- . Ul o.as ~-.;. 1 l.'71 ...... 1. ea . 1... 09 I v1 1 • "' .:•..J~&!.;>:.-!?·.~t o.6o 1.~ All. 1.96 o.5J :· I Schcd~1le:.l ~;.:tu ,. r o.s1 ,. \82 ......... -..-.;~:>~. .,.. 53 -1 .. ?5-::. = . J~ 115 . 1 Qr/ . ' ~-.i'"f'.., .... I 1.~ ~j 1,21 .· ·2.ru:. I -o. 1.56 •;:i.:',. .--::• • • I 1~~a.. Scliodu1ud ·ibQ 5). 4 !. .., : t..74 ... • I I Het:IC!} 'I . .; 1.:n o. 97 -- o. 8) ;. _ :.{iJ::•: •.•. 0.99 1,92 0.19 •--'. 0tJ41 ·- .. .. :. . ., 1~ lif · ...:.. -2_,.;;.· .. I A))_ o.s1 O.)B 2•..28 c.m .. l.6) 0.25 0.55 1.01 ~)8 ~i..l.ud11le:d G:l!lto ... 0.49 1.14 0.40 1.21 0;97. 2.35 1 ., ..•. o.;,2 2~.34 - Schodtllod '1'ribo o.54- 1~"Z9 - ·o. . ~-0 0-:t)J Oa~·l-'l,!~17· .... _.(·· . .. .:;:> •.•.• ., . ~OJ~ .. . .. .. . ··f JL ll ~ ,·;,: .,-{ : . ".i.. •• 1.,49 ,. "!).·~ : 9!!1.m.:!8 :• i o~·Br ~ >. ~ 1.,f:!;.. o. 94. o.~,6 1~ Ba .: 0.62 1.26 0.19 0 .. 53 AU .S ~ch:::.!u.l.::;l '.. Cl:.ito i.:: o."fl;· 0~3) o.ro 0.75 (J.. :fl 0.1;1.. 1. 1; ··~ o. 77 1~90 . •' ' .. O..'/O o. 54· 11.12. ,, 0.23 . 1.05 o. '/'/ :?.:. ·a 5cl1U '1~ .l ..i •t l'd~? ....- .. : OSI Ot61 Ot41 1~01 ' o.7a 1. 82 · _____________ .I ... . - _______ ~i..16' .~ .. 16 .~· U.!i9 O...B9 _________ t.;/6· - L ... ( ff ·..:ii.:.<.. );.: .. ..) & ,' ~ ~· -t _._ ___._ ._,... ".:-t·:·; .. ~- .i fl .,._-j . ·~ ....... _....___... _-······ --- . -·-· ·--.......--.......__ .. c 1: .·, ·,: .:··..• .. r; .... .:·~;; ... -~ ~-. ~ •::.; ..i ·' •:;:, • . . ! ·-.: ... 1•• (• I : . ,, Source: Same as for Table 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . .~ ... - . . . . ,...,. ... :! .. - .... " . . . . . . . . . . ·- _ ...... " ..... .. • -•r- ............ _ llill r· 1.i.2 J.O'/ 1.1,J J,41 1 •.)6 J. 2.!,. ).'14 .-1~8S . J.ri. J.60 :;.,.~fl i1J. ~_,.3-) ~.,s 1.51 1. ;3 ·: 1.1.s Sd1u.l1uull Ca.uto 1.32 .,:~ 1.50 ~.O') . 2.02 1. 31 2.65 u:r 2. &) 2.01 I 1:·f:1 SdauJu)uJ 'l'i-il.!11 1.z1 · 2.6) 1.21 J.56 .. \l.oul} o. U1 1.95 0.95 2.)3 0.92 2.Jn· :.. .. o.95 ~. f:/ f!~·.r..~ o.. 91· 0.91 2.00 O.')a 2. 5'1 o.95 2;1) O.C// 2. :J!, •n •.1,.02 o.97 '2;).n 1.0:.. 0~9J 1. ')-) . o. ')1 2.21 0.92 2.09 o. ')!,. ~.1) Sd1udulud Cn:ito S~hullulua Ti-ibu o.~l 2.0l o.61 fillll d1·0 0 ill Schudulutl Ciww o.9J ·P.Ul .2,s 1 2,m o.1U o. O' o.w 1.14 0.'/2 o.7! o.65 1. '/6 1., '/'/ l. 85 o.7') o.·n. o. tJi o. '11 o. '11 o. '15 1~'/0 o.'/2 1. '72 . ; ·--O.,'(l . 1. '72 CV/~ 1. e~ 1. BJ 1. H) Schadulod fi·il:A .~ 1.09 t,62 0.9) 0.65 t I . !.l~l lll\illl[ Hnu~~~~l~ra l~ 4'-11 1.39•: 3.lS ~)·~ 3~72 1.a> J.JU Schc.alul<ul Ctitito 1.J2 ).)1 1~;a· ~.O'}' 2 .. 0:! ) .. 59 1.)11 3.11 1.1,i J.~ 1 1.J9 J.1J 1.~1 J. ;.!6 1.26 2.~ 1.~a ).5) 1.~ l.OS 1,,J) 'J. ~, . 1. 1.5 J. '71 J.19 1.1, 1 J.J-) Sd1utluluJ 1'i·~lr4 . 2. e;.: :. :.0 ?.. {)'7 1. 2'1 ~.·16 1. "::/ ~- :c. "' 2.;:.>j o. e·) . ~.r.11 :,.oo 2.5V O. Gl 1.95 o. 0/ 2.39 o.9~ A)). o. 6.S .. ~.35 0.90 2.t.4 o.·' 1.c .12 2.ffi 2.'/'1- 1.14 2.!i9 l;. '.\) 1.99 o. ')-;, 2.56 o.96 2.15 o.'i? .:::. J5 . Schu.iulotl Cu:;fu 1.11 2.J.) L..9) ~.01 o.9~ 2.21 o.. ~ 2.09 o. 9!t :.!. 1'/ Schutlul.:iJ 'fi'i~ · -··- .... -.o.9L.._J~'LL .. ~!.~----~O', ----· fhi}lN!} ·. ..P.-c~-J •: -1\. c~..: o~ cu~; ~~ 1.1· .. 1101 2..1) o.'/2 1. ~· !J o.'/9 2.00 o. '/1 1:10 o.·16 l.m AU o.·;6 l .'/tl o.c2 2.~2 0.72 l.'IJ O.'l'I 1. ')J Schodu.)ud C4uto o.os 2• .u -o. u .· . 1.9l 1.11 2.24 2. l) O.t.;\ 1.92 .0.67 2.10 0.14 1. '/l Q.70 1. ~~ 1. Ul 0~94 s clll~ \ll t.:1 l\·it..:a 1.02 1.01 o.~ ---------- . --- ------- ... -. -- --· - ·- - -----· .. >A :;.,;t P ~L ili.;h}u  · .. ',., . · ,, Table 2.6: STATE-WISE MONEY WAGE RATES FOR ADULT MALE i\GRICULTURAL RURAL LABOURERS AND AND AGRICUJ.TURAL CONSUMER PRICE INDICES NSS AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL LABOUR ENQUIRIES (for Agricultural Labour Households) Money Wage Rates (Pay/day) Agricultural con~urner price index (l.950-51=100) States 1950-51 1956-57 1964-65 1970-71 1956-57· 1964-65 1970-71 Andhra Pr-adctih 91 87 (96) 121 (133) 222 (244) 109.0 150 205 Ass mu 190 154 (169) 221 (243) 378 (416) 117.5 168 260 Bihar 126 91 (100 139 (153) 229 (252) 90.7 138 189 Gujarat (101) (87) (95} 147 (162} 193 (212} llaryana (184) (198} (218) (213)(234) 446 (491) Ker ala 126 128 (141) 211 (232) 425 (468) 104.3 147 238 Madhya Jli:-adetih 79 76 (84) 111 (122) 168 (185) 108.0 149 212 Hal1a casht r a 101 87 (95) 147 (162) 228 (251) Hytio1·e 90 84 (92) 121 (133) 191 (210) 103.5 no 219 Oci~t:ia 72 80 (88) 133 (14'6) 190 (209) 101.5 152 226 UI ...._. Punjab 184 198 (218) 213 (234) 497 (547) 100.8 142 198 Rajasthan 123 98 (108) 176 (194) 303 (333) ~1.0 124 180 Tmull Nadu 97 84 (92) 139 (153} 242 (266) Uttar PcaJesh 118 92 (101) 110 (121) 247 (272) West Bengal 166 143 (157) 181 (199) u ,a, 108,2 148 224 Jammu & Ka~luulr n.a .. n.a .. 193 (212) n,a. All India 109 96 (106) 14.3 (157) n.a. Note: In 1950/51 Agricultural Labour Enquiry wage paymentti in kind were converted into cash ~quivalent~ at rural retail prices while for 1956/57, 1964/65 and 1970/71 the convertion was done at wholesale prices. AcconUng to Krishnaj i,, N. 50 percent of wages were paid in kind and retail prices were 10 to 20% higher than wholesale prices. The figures in the brackets are the adj~~ted wage rates by inflating the actual f JgureH by 10%. Source: Deepak Lal, 'fhe Structure of Earning.a in India, Planning Co111111is!:iilon, July 1974.  Table 2.7: STA'l'lHHSE INDICES o~·MONEY ANO llEAL HAGE RATES ~'l)ll AOUL'f MALE AGlU. tAllOUREUS 1950/51, 1956/57, 1964/65 and 1970/71 .. Indices of_ Hon~y Halie Ratt!t> Ind tees of Real 'fag~--·- (Base 1950-51 - 100) (BatH! l 95o-s1-;-11Yo) (Base 1956-5?_:=!00) (UasE._ 196ii:_65:.:100) 1956-57 1964-65 1970-71 19-56-57 1964-65 1970-71 1964-65 l.910-71 1970-71 StaCCl::i 90 (99) 125 (137) 229 (252) 83 (91) 83 (91) 112 (123) 101 136 134 And hr a PrnJe::ih Aus aw 81 (89) 116 (128) 199 (219) 69 (75) 70 (77) 11 (84) 101 - 111 no 72 (79) 110 (121) 182 (200) 79 (87) 80 (88) 96 (106) ·101 121 120 llihar c,~jarat 86 (94) 146 (160) 191 (210) 124 125 129 llu1-yuna 108 (ll8) 116 (127) 242 (132) (77) 115 149 Kera la 102 (112) 169 (184) 337 (371) 98 (107) 114 (125) 142 (156) 118 140 124 Madhya Pr '1dt!tila 96 (106) 141 (154) 213 (234) 89 (98) 95 (103) 101 (110) 106 11'1 106 86 (94) 146 (160) 226 (249) 110 134 122 MiJharatJht:r..l UI 93 (102) 134 (148) 212 (233) 90 (99) 79 (87) 91 (106) 88 108 123 Ol MytiO[&! 111 (122) 185 (203) 264 (290) 109 (120) 122 (U4) 117 (128) 110 107 97 Or"ltH1J l,unjuL 108 (118) 116 (127) 270 (297) 107 (117) 82 (89) 13U (152) 77 12.8 166 Uaja::;thau 89 (95) 143 (1.58) 249 (274) 118 162 138 Uttac }lradetih 78 (U6) 91 (l.03) 209 (231) 74 14Y 201 \foot !h::ugul 86 (95) 109 (120) 80 (88) 74 (81) 93 n. a. n.a. Note: Se~ Table 2.6 Suurc~: Same as for table 2.6.  - 59 - Table 2.8: STATE-WISE INDICES OF ~ONEY WAGES FOR ADULT K.\LE AGRICULTURAL :..~CURERS .\..'ID CONStM.ER PRICE L'IDICES: 1956/ 57, 1964/ 65 & 1970/71 • ACPI Indices Monei ACPI Indices ~fonev Wages Wages (1956-57=-100) (1956-57=100) (1964-65=100)(1964-65=100) 1964-65 ,1970-71 1964-65 1970-71 19i0=71 ' 1970-71 .Andhra Pradesh 138 188 139 255 137 184 Assam 142 221 144 246 155 171 Bihar 152 208 153 252 137 165 Gujarat 136 177 169 222 130 131 Haryana 140 196 108 225 140 209 Ker ala 140 228 165 332 162 201 ~fadhya Pradesh 138 196 146 ZZl 142 151 ~faharashcra 154 196 169 262 127 155 Mysore 164 211 144 22i 129 158 Orissa 151 223 266 238 148 143 Punjab 140 196 108 251 140 233 Rajasthan 137 199 180 309 145 li2 Tamil ~fadu 141 li8 166 288 126 174 Uttar Pradesh 162 181 120 269 112 225 West Bengal 136 206 127 n.a. 152 n .. a. Source: Same as for Table 2 .. 6.  - 60 - '. ~. !able 2. 9: SE...\.SONAL ~TARI..\TIONS DT WAGE ~.ATES IN DIFFERENT ST.~I:E.S-~IDEX ::-ros. 1 (Base aighest: Wage in che St.ate in the Year) Cu ~.~,.J -s. C;ic.r-~!..:-::~ ~ead:::.~ :.U .:.e~- ·!!e~ ·~r!- :::;:.;"t""c;l ~.l..~~ : :, Jt;~::.~~ ?0• .. ·i ==~c- _ ..:_ ... 1.1--..a c!J.!. ~~-c c-..:.l:t::::.'O :~ .~a.ta/ ?as.r J ~t:n• \: :· 71';,.7 73 ... - !• - ~.4 ~.6 · · Ii i:so;.s1 1co.o 51·.1 1"...7 Su.O 9~.·a ea.1 l':O.O .. !:. ;; ~dcSh J,3$-51 l.96'-oS Sl...S a1.1 .U.2 l.CXJeO 74.1 ~.1 ee.s J Sl.0 54.0 sa.o 79.o gs,,a l.950.51 l,('0.0 !!.~ 1s.a 54 ... a·~~4 l.CXJ.o ;'9.~ ~~.3 e3 •.s os• .z j l?"ldo8h !.9SC:-S1 .136<.-S.S 61..Z 70.3 10J.O 69.2 [r 1CD.0 $ .. 9 71.3 51.S s~.s oo.a 1950-Sl. e·r.a 11 • .;. 79 • .l. !.CO.a lSSS-.57 90.0 61.7 10J.O 75.3 74..1 SZ.J l.9&:.-0S 19.a '73.7 95.-' s1.s I rng&l, 1950.Sl. 1co.o 54-•.J. 93.7 69.4 ~.~ !,CO.O 63.3 sa •.l. S9.4 '79•-* l 19SS-..S7 19~0.S c;J.2 79.3 1Q.O 7S.3 73.0 7'Z.0 1 s5.J 67 •.l. 94.1 ss.~ Or1S91o l.950.Sl. l.9SS-S7 l964r-S.S 1-:0.0 ?O.O n ..1 a3.~ 1C'.O go•.l. 96.1 71.1 .97.3 ~.;. .,:. sa.9 37 • .S 1cc.o 10J.O ~ ~Psa:i l.950-51 1950-5'1 :1.S :'de9 e~9 1co.o ea.a g~.J 1co.o !CO•O as.1 90.S 91.7 49 • .1 a1 •.l. 1C:O.O S?.a ., ~~ 41.S 12.' 196'-0S al.-1 S1.9 C'S.a 4G--' t· ~~s 1~.o 75.J ·"I1'~~:h 19So-sl. 1.955-~7 ~:...s 92.a ~3.3 a4 •.5 es.1 100.0 196-1-05 ts.J 74-ew 1a:lc0 ~9.2 11.s :32.7 -· ico.o e.~ 11.0 90.7 9G.3 ~ l95~l. 7Se':' " ·i.::ia !Ss;.S7 ss.:J r.e .. 9 lCJ,O as •.) 91.~ sa.3 1~~as -iC~ S.!..2 1co.o ss.a 49• .S ~c' ~ ..,.,,.,. 'lt:-:.l.s. lSSC'-.;1 lCO.J 77.1 ao.3 as.z a1.s 51.3 ~-: 1: 1950-57 19~~os ?7 ,!. ~.3 95.ci 71.~ :1.~ :9.~ e:z.o ~~ • .l. C.J.S 1CJ~o :.cn.C\ '. l 11: .. r:isht:a i.tiS0-51 !,OJ.J 9?.,2 1co.o 79 ••~ 9'3.0 si..z SG,G lOO.O 10.s 11.1 0:1 •.~ i~se...;1 71.7 1..:.0.0 ~5~~r,, ;.a.1 7-lr.1 s-~.a €!?.G 73.l. ..' '~. t~ ~7S01"9 ~j a.st:::in ~S0.51. l.956-57 1964-QS l.9SO-Sl. l.!:Se-57 :.90....~ 9fl • .l. SS.3 ~s as.1 aa,o 10.1 83.S 'i'S.a 75.2 lCO.o ss•..- !.CO.o 7G..1 9e•.,;, 1cn.o 11.a ao.o a:.o 01.0 c~.a SW 79,g GS.l =: • ww•'9 a~.s 75.~ T.5.3 as .4 nJ .~ 7:!.1 1~.· :.co. S3.L. eo.g, · , 1co.:· ~ ~.7 ·~ .. ·~· ' ?'!!2tj&b !.950-51 ice.a sa.1 S9.1 53• .l.. 68.7 61.~ ., I l.955-51 lCO..O 94.% 54.3 10.0 ao.2 ss.9 . & l9~6S i1 • .l. 79.7 e3.J. so.J. 77.4 . :..1l r:i~ nso.s1 1.00.0 1.CO.O 03.J 9.W. 10.s aG••~ as.1 ... , ~5S-S7 a3.a 90.1 :.m.o n.s ao~.s 9G.4 n. :0964-Q.S 75.9 'i4.S !CC.Q 1e.J 75.J e2.a ,, r: -----------------------------------------------------------------·-· H •t •·"• ~  - 61 - Table 2.9 (co:~•..i): §_~.;,'!'!:J.~12:::10··~ r=..:~ :!.•1'~I;T'n7'~ re~. ~ ::.:.;o ~:.~-:. W.'t.;~ in ~ ::1~::.a i?1 -:.::.: :... oc..-) (S) to=.lCS ~·4/~-,_ ..... -:i.£1~?"·~~~-r:-r,,. •o.;;.;;.:i:.~ .:..w. .:..-;:-:·.- ~:<J'.'!'1 .:..;=--- i::g i:~ 1::6 t:W. t~-o c\ll-=.':J.:-n L:s.te/!a~:' L-------------------------------------------- · ..rni:r 19S0-51 sz.s l.CO.,O 54.9 52• .1 11.s · 13.3 a1 •.3 79.1 l.950-57 90 • .S 100.0 a,.o . :i.tietll 75.2 12.1 19&~65 a1.a as.9 .100.c ..· I . 1co.o 81.l. e:.2 68.9 73.0 'l\4d!Vll 1950-51 91.2 1co.o ao.9 as.a 83.S ·, '4!.riot b. 1956-57 6'.5 69.4 72.S 19~SS 72.S s2.1 100.0 : I 1 47.0 so.1· 43.7 1950-51 100.0 54 • .1 a<...7 'llb&r 1co.o 71.S a1.1 1950.57 as.9 79.S 76.0:. sa.s = ·I ~eat Beq1.l 1964-65 1950-51 79.S 98.2 72.o 100.0 1m.o u .• z 95.4 a1.s aa.1 89.4 79.-* 195'3-57 ~.l .. a 100.0 76.3 1a.o 72.0 1964.-SS 77.·1' 53.l. 100.0 .. J as. 1 ,.. ... ';IV•IOI I!' 92 .. S gs.a or1sea 1950-Sl. l,00.0 ~.3 1953-57 1·.:.0.0 9a.a 1cc.o s:r.~ 66.9 72.9 91.S a1.2 19&1-dS a9.7 ~co.a ,.,...,,,. 1cc.o 93.9 .. a9.1 66.7 .o~ 1950-51 99.a 74.7 es.a 1956-57 t:!4 9'.e•.ol - 1cc.o 59.S 66.9 se.s 1964-65 60.9 70•.1 100.0 6'.5 ~ ae.s 1e.a 91.s M.2 1\-k!hm. 1950-51 1o::>.o 74.6 a2.i 1cn.o ( ,~C!&h l.955-57 83.S 95.S . 74.G ~: 19&1-GS 91.0 a1.o 100.0 63.0 ss.o S:?.:l. S9.4 ss.. 1 ! ;f rJl'i:u 1950..Sl 100.0 84.8 90.6 90.S .; l9SS-S7 s2.s ic:o.o 8-~.9 72.9 :.oo.o -~ 19~l.-S5 n.1 s~.a 14.a 55.9 i \, *r.ilA 1950-5.1. !.'XI .O 61.S n.s 77.S 55.9 so.a ~ 1955-57 1co.o a1.s n.!? 97.2 ~ a.i.1 S9.S 90.3 ~ 19G1'-SS 1cr.o 97.1 92.0 ~ MQttr.1 l<JS0-51 :.co~o s~.s G~.9 95.7 S7 .:s ae.2 G2.,S i t l~SO-S7 St: .. 3 1co.o 53.1 es •.:. 132.2 I 19S1-S5 7~,1 83.2 l.CO.O 72.0 r--- MTsol'Q 1951).51 .1.Cl:>..O so.a 71.9 33.a a~.a ........ 1956-57 IS:J.9 :.oo.o M .. O sz.2 Oo e-0 1964-~ so.a 10.9 1m.o 47.2 6:?.2 63.3 t Baj&Sthl.n 1950-51 1co.o 69.3 97.0 S3,!. a0.2 89,G -~ I 19513-57 1Cl:>.O 52.2 97.0 9t.O 1£6<4-GS 83.0 81.0 40 • .1 ZJ.1r.6 7-~ • .1 1co.o J Pu:ij&b 1950-51 100.0 23.9 37.7 41.1 ZJ.S I• 1953-57 12.. 2 51.S lC:O.O 62.9 20.s 1' I. 19&1-65 S9.0 s9.o 12.s ico.o ~.s ss •.s .m Ind!& '1950-51 1co.o 91.1 53.4. aa~1 77 .?. 19!;6-57 e1.1 lC:O~o 75 •.~ as.s a9.. a 19&-65 a2.s aa.1 lM.O 75.7 62.6 e:o.o ~ Sot~n, Seasonal ~1ariations in Une!llulovm.ent and Wage Rate: I Im?lications for Rural Works ?rog=amme. Economic and Political Weekly, June 10, 1972.  .. a • I ., "' ........ _ . . . . . , _ . . . _ . _...,.._._ .. I I 'fable 2.10 ~· ~ Scnasm~n. fhll in .~cl.£ 1 11tu;c.l \llCQti!a, Slack ScY.H•pn ovor P_~) .I .•f · . :ndhra P iudoah :.;i sam 1S2 u Sl 2~1 22 '!J1 .. 17 ·14 62 iii :16 Ditct r .·. 35 4:5 12 ~6 6~i . =· . . · ro 27 Koinln ~lt1l}layn p lUdo:th 23 41 17 ,. lS2~ .. 21 15 :~ul.rnns htra 44 as SJ. 158 19 M (J\ 22 30. 18 ~ 47 N :iy:101-u a1 M I. IS9 46 2~! 46 O:d:J:.an 53 Punjnb 1? m 25 ... u. ~ . a- 2.1 40 .C6 23 'jU 49 Uaj uu tli!ln 22 25 41 To.mu U!ldU 45 . ,.,. .. 3::. 40 51 1)2 ~1 60 Uli .... --- 15. Ut tn r P indo~h SS m - - li6 69 40 m Vo~t Boncal 16 16 al .. ~1 . .. 19 41 · 47 .\ll IndJn ~ .' jJ. .. 25. -- 25 ~ at ~- • -...... ... .. .... ' - ·• : ii '· . .. Suurcc ~ 'fable 2. 9 • .•  ·1·aul£: 2.11: lNOlC£::i 01•' tlUtlE'i AHi> llEAl. WACE IU\'l'ES UI.-' NAU:: 1\la<lCltl.l"IJH..\I. l.AUOlJIU::l(S S"i"A'J'E-\HSE (1956/)7 tu l'J71/ 1'!.) (Ua:>c 1956/ 57,· lOO) 'icur A11Jla1·a A::i!i:Ull llihar Cuj•u:ac l(an1atak.1 Kc&: ala ta:.idhy;i M•1h.n·.1shL1·a Uc.Issa l'uujab "!';uni l11<1Ji1 ULLar Wo.::;L Ucu~al l'n1Jcsla l'ca1fosh and 1•1·111.Jcsh lli.!C~JIHI I ll•l l ccs of }l.;ucy ~·lgc lt..alc!I ~ 195b/)7-.IUO) 19)6/57 }{10 100 100 100 100 100 100 IOO 100 100 100 100 IOU 1957/56 11.ll. n.a. 11.a. n.a. u.a. n.a. n.il. n.a. 11.a. n.a. 11.a. n.a. n.a. 1958/59 122 97 lll 110 114 107 l 11 101 97 112 98 129 101 1959,'C.O 121 101 IOO 131 126 114 125 ;;.l 95 110 102 249 106 1%0/61 11.a. 11.a. n.a. n.u. 11.a. n.a. n.a. 11.a. n.a. n.a. u.a. 11.u. 11.a. 1~ul/L11 131! 102 104 122 12~ 113 121 115 127 126 lO"d 141 ll4 1962/63 136 WO 102 124 128 155 121 117 146 127 ll2 140 110 1963/64 n.u. n.a. n.a. n,a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.:.i. u.a. n.u. II. u. 11.u. 1964/65 159 105 135 139 160 170 129 144 192 144 140 178 129 1965/66 108 123 160 144 142 195 142 146 1H7 182 142 2:tl 155 l'JotJ/u7 HI~ 138 n.u. 15tl 145 230 163 175 211 mo 1)9 250 l7 I 1967/6fs· 213 n.a. n.a. 178 156 282 n.a. l89 176 229 170 2&4 191 1968/69 217 162 196 Hn 156 lOl 179 195 11.a. 276 un 290 175 l!Jti'J/70 2J3 167 o.a. 185 n.u. 30ti 190 217 u.a. 303 187 3(13 185 1970/71 261 178 n.a. 213 188 317 194 212 212 304 194 3!5 un ,,,., w 19i 1/72 2:19 180 n.a. 233 198 l38 210 211 226 305 2!7 326 202 I 11Jlo..:c::. uf llc.11 "·•re Ii-Ile:. ~·~b6/~/ · lllll) 1956/57 luO 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1957/58 11.a. n.a. 11.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.a. 11.a. o.;.a_ n.a. II. a. 11.a. 1956/59 119 89 98 110 112 ~''.~3 104 99 93 101 'J1 114 92 1959/LO 111 96 98 137 114 107 126 87 91 106 9b 121 96 1960/61 n. a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.u. n.u. n.u. n.a. n.a. n.u. n.u. ll.il. II.LI. 1961/62 124 95 100 117 114 lltl 119 114 119 121 94 143 Hl!J 1%2/6) 122 BJ 94 116 111 136 lll 107 115 121 105 144 90 1963/64 n.a. n.u. n.a. n.u. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.ct. u.u. n.a. n.a. 11.a. 11.a. 196(i/65 116 74 89 102 98 121 91 91 128 lOJ 99 110 9'j 1965/66 112 1B 89 103 74 123 92 90 110 Ill 97 135 91 l'Jb6/67 HO 67 u.a. 101 7J B4 tll 98 10) 102 90 110 90 1967/68 122 11.u. n.a. 109 74 155 n .. u. 101 80 118 'J7 122 79 1968/69 118 72 104 111 76 146 93 101} 111.a. 142 101 lt.i5 litl 1969/70 121 Bl n.a. 107 n.a. 144 91 116 •II.a. 153 96 150 93 1"970/71 139 Bl n.a. 120 8!) 149 99 108 95 151 109 175 89 1971/72 119 78 II.it. 125 92 151 102 99 96 140 113 171 96 ~: \I Jue r<llc f1i;ucc::1 have l.iecn c::1t:imatcd fco111 "Agcicult:u1·al Wagcio in luJia" anJ alsu from JaLa collcclcd fn.im UE::>,. Hiui:;itcy of Ai;ricullul"c. ~=- Jose. A.. v•• 'i'ILlhb I 11 R.:.11 "Jtic ll..ilc:I of Aj;idcullui:a1 lJl.h.:.ui:ci::. • Econowic J11J 11olitical "wo.:.:kly, Macd1 l'J/4.  ~ ;. t 64 - . ~- ;. .... .::... ______ ----- -··. ~:..._~ ~ . • : !· ',i Table 2.12 ; . Av~r:aie rztes oC ~ngs !ram :agricuitunt :iad other occupationro by persons i'Q .,..e-:a~r sections of the rural population d:issifkct Jy se~ , '.!~i!. ;ii;c groups - S taca-w"ise \NSS-zjlh ituun'1J t~) s~ CU&.TtV4TUa. Huusaru1.m•·-MA&.&s Sr"1c;Unaon T.:rri111cy For··~ Who ...... ~ in utlw r;&t'fftl For thasS \lllQo woc"'=d ia ~-1ium OCCll,• -------- ----- --------- for ~tary or W:,.~ ~iaaa l.S .-ig11-SGt! c:mpiayed. -.-------------------------- --------- -----·----·-- ------ -- O.'.I 11).l4 1.S~ _.S-59 6Q .rt. AU O·IJ IQ.'4 ll_.. ~S·S9 60 .k All 10-I-' 1-'~ •S·S9 lil1 &; ,\ll ;bow ~FS ;buvc ap :i.~ •• c: ...... , ------·---------------- l ! {Q ll .: '12 ll • l·i 16 17 \:~ l'J I. i\11d'1t:1 Pr;1~.Ja l>.GS I.JS 1.'J5 !.l1> I .G.i I.'>? 0.3, l.S7 l.jS !.Ol • !. 90 l .XIS l.~i l.'f-' ,!,IJ:S l ~ 1~ :.':Ii ~. ,\'·~Im • 0.35 I .?l l,71 l.jQ J •.S& J.6l l.11 l..13 l . .!& .. ...so J.51 l.';\• ) D \ n.i ::.-il J. t11ii:;r 1.00 l.7-' ?.25 ?.:7 ::.ll :.:J 1.50 ?.i, ?•.32 !.03 Z.SG Ul 2.J.? :! • .!! ~. !O :. ..:~ ~. Odhr l.U l.IS l.76 :.37 . 4.00 l.SJ l.n :.i" .:..oo S. Gujar-.,\l'. l.34 l.9S l.G.$ l •.S1 1.95 1.07 1.13 :.u·. 1.75 t.6S 1 •.::3 l.'J-' !.'JS i• .so l.'H Ii Hary.,n;a · 1.:s J.87 .i..06 J.CJ4 4.7o 4.CO 4 •.S? ?.:.~ -'.!-6 .O.Ol 3.'J') 7. Ko:r.11.1 • l.7-1 l.Jf ·l ..U J.G-4 l.40 1.61 l.94 4,J,. l.-44 ~ J.j9 l.06 J • .s1 J. -rs l . .n S. ~tin :r:l"'l\&n - · l.G.$ 2.11 :: •.u 1.:u 2.11 1.11 :: •.u l •.34. ?.lS .• l.oS 1.()4 !.J? !.!3 •J. ;\t}"'40:C • l.ll ?.12 l.'JS 1.96 l.'JS 1.00 ?.J6 : •.so • ~ ..51 :.Jl I.I! !.1.; :.111 :.n! ::.U.i 10. ~'".!'1)-:a ra:.w.."'11 1.10 O.S9 t.79 1.til l.J:C l.6'i 1.t>7 :.09 1•.52 ! . .57 l. 1.J.i I. Ill I .C"C l.:i~ t. ·'il i.5l 1.7 I II. M"ni(lqt ·- 9'.83 ~.00 J.OU -'.70 :.6S .. l.li.S ....Q .o.oo J.00 ....... ,,, !~.Ori..;~ . 1.00 O.?O 1.32 l.~ 1.71 1.76 0.73 0.63 l.U l.33 1.30 l.7'! o.:n I.:(! : ."!'> ;.n ~; IJ. ?uni 1b . :.6l S.Oli S.14 4.Jl -'.Gl 3.00 7.!0 4.37 uo .s.:1 ,.Ol •.Jl 4. 7l I• ' I 14. R.·11.11 iua 1.56 ?.7S l • .:o 4.:0 2.6o l.7S !.•7 ! . .Z4 1.61 1.~ :!:61 :'.~~ :.~ :.!.; . t U. T.1n11 I N;i'111 l.07 Q.U. ?.ll7 l.:7 l. 91 ?.07 I .66 l.O.S ?.90 J.06 :.l.J7 1.07 ~.:: ~.j$ :.~.s ~·· ·' '! .~ lft. T.;r;-:r~. \1', U•I.·• P'fll"""""" 1.00. 2.51 3.14 l.ll t.~Q ?.I>? !.34 !.U l.06 :.U 1.31 ?.l>I iS.23 ?.94 l.ll l.•U J.92 !.71 :.1~ ).$] ;:,.,: l.UO f·1') l. :n l.·O'f t. :fl . !:-'U. : :;s H~'f 1: If ; . t. :. - ... I~ • :.. ·~ I; •'J 1. Aaiibn ~dcsb OSi 1..:9 1•.Sl I .Jl O.~ I .'49 lt.) SIC""' CULTIVArua K.nzau.,-.os·~·F?MAua i.48 l •.U I I , . I.I°' 1.J~ I.JJ I.JU 1..51 1.03 1.,c. . ··1 ::. A,~m l.14 2.6% l • .30 ? • .St 1.JO % •.56 :..50 : •.s.s 1..:6 2.61 !.J.I l.JS , ..j !.:-:. l J. Si~r , l.31 I.SI t.31 1.33 1.9' 1.n 1.14 1.72 l.6l 1.69 l ..SI 1.30 1.30 1.32 l.9l l.U "·Delhi .Z.o:J .Z.36 '.00 ?.00 l. 70 2.81 !.6S ·.; I S. Gu1:ira& • 1.Jl UI t.:O l..;Q l.3 1.62 2.00 .l.36 J.00 2.00 :.13 l.ll l.47 I ,., I .i'> 1.19' l.•I I .... ~\ 5.H~;.ia::a l.l'7 ,.73 3.lJ l.OG J.00 J.JO 2.73 3.1() ! 7. K.1:r::da • 0.73 l.ll t.31 1.96 l.1• 1.19 1.19 2.41 1.7, !.ll I.OS !.20 1.9? I.~ :.1 .. S. ~.l.Jl:Jr»acr. 9. ~f!'"'iOf'lt • O.SO l.16 1.2.5 l...!1 O.Sl I .Z! O.S9 l.U 1•..0 1).75 l.17 o.ao I.OS l.:!-1 l.!J G..'U 1.:i ... ~ 10. ~l~dh')'ll 1••ad..~n 11. ~bnif'W' 0.94 l.'9 1.00 1.0? 1.l6 !.il l . .ll t.J6 l .94 O.i9 1.:6 1•.3: 1.34 1.05 0.90 1,!S 2• .52 1•.36 l •.ZS 2.00 l..:'7 l •.57 1.00 0.50 1•.32 I.!-' l.QJ 0.9') I.OU ! .:!~ !..' J I.Joi l.Jj o.:u 1••11) 1..:1 J.J3 ! 1:. Ori'IQ . 1.00 11.n. 1.111 l.Jl 1.JJ 1.za a • .sl a.12 1•.:a !..J.S O.:$:S l..5'1 l.l.l 0.62 O.:l-' :.7t l.l'J :.JI l.Jl : •.s9 1.1-4 I. IS !J. i'Jnj;.b • o•.sa J ..n 1.:6 \J,.S::I LS1 1.:!5 '"· ?..:iJ-'•'~n l.14 1.7.S l.62 -'.00 1.74 1.10 l •.S7 I ..oa ... ou l.S. T.. nul N:iJu 0.99 I .~'1 l· •.J4 tl.!5 l .ZT t.oo r...l 1.1: l.;'l I .6i ua l.J:? U9 0.3J I .9i l.G.$ l.J.S Iii. T:it'Ura . 2.07 1.llJ 1.7' 1.9! 1.00 :.JO G••n I ,3J 1.00 ~.:J 1.00 I. 7l !.10 l7. t.;tfu £'r-..1aks.li 1. 09 r·u uo t.1).1. 1.69 :.oo 1.67 I . .:a I.JO I.JU l,.:U l.IW l.1t 1.69 Sllfltt; ! Th\: :-:~ciOQ!:l.unpl.: ~r"ICT: T..-.:n&y•Firth Rnund: July i970-.Juoc 1971. .. ------·--~· - •tn.. luU..'S only Ill\: IOW.:JL !Cn =--=~II( or Sm:ill Co.lll1v.a1or HouscboidJ. (-} .:M:nac.c.s IL:.~ no1 ;v:i.i~blc. • ·----------~--=- ·--:::";>" . ····--  65 - Table 2.12 contd. - • - • •··----------------------------------------------·--- • I :. ----·--·-·.. --. ------------- ForthOM: wfn, ·.,·orkcd in otheor f.:irms For :no;c who worked in non·form oca;:u~· for s:.il:uy or w:i;cs tioa .:is non·scll.:.11;-iloy.:ti Stoi:.:/Union Ti:rri1ory Ai:c droup i •~ yc:irs -----..--------- O.~ 10-14 15·44 4'-.59 60 & All 0-9 Age Group in ---------- -------------------- 10-14 15-44 45·S9 ~:irs 60 & 0·9 10-t4 15-44 45.59 60 &: abo\·c All ::;:s ~bo-.-c ages :bovc 2 3 5 6 7 s 9 10 1J 11 ll !4 1.S 16 17 13 19 ----~-------·------------------- O• .S7 1.29 t..SI 1.57 0.9? 1.4'> 1.-l~ 1."4 I. 14 I • .SJ l.J9 0.57 t.Jl 1..50 I. .SI 1.06 1..;.; l.00 J.01 l.39 l.92 2• .50 2.76 2.00 2.63 1.9.i :?.% !.J.:? 2 • .l7 J. B:!:.ar 1.61 1.9:? I. 78 l.05 t.90 I.lo'. 1.30 1.57 1.98 :.77 I..S7 ·L~i 1.i6 2.01 t .;)) 4. Od:ii 2.00 2.8~ 3.00 2.\)0 2.70 2.36 !.36 2.00 :'.S6 J.00 2.00 2. i3 I 5. Guj.1r;it • 1.43 1.6'> t.63 O:i95 !.65 :?.~2 2.33 2.14 1.33 1.98 1.7J l. 71 1.69 t.00 1. 70 .. 1 I 6. 11.:r_.Jn:i 2.69 J.oo· !. 71 2.31 2.74 3.00 ~. 75 I 7. K.:r.ila . 1.2!) 2.19 ~.J3 . l.32 l .6S ~. :-.1..:, :r:i:.l1tr.:i l.00 O.~.; l.22 I.II 2.75 1.31 1.l5 0.95 l.!4 !.~1 o. ~Q 1.2• 1. o.~ a.().; 1.1::: 2. i3 l.~O 9. ~t~".•fC • 1• .w I. 70 1 •• 1 I I 10 • .\t:iJh)-.i rr:11li:~ll l.00 1.17 1.-'8 l. 70 0.93 l.09 1.J4 1.00 I.JO 1.4.l l.49 l.~2 LOO 0.96 1.44 I.SO I. i6 t.27 1..so 1.73 1.39 1.oq· 0.:.13: 1.16 1.oa I.SO t.H I. 29 1.11 1.-'3 r • .:i:: 11. ~lanirur 4.00· 4.00 ... 00 I l1. Ori~~:. • o.U6 1.Js 1.43 1.26 1.J.; a.so 1.J2 1.-41 o.90 1•.zs o.n I.JS l.42 1.1.i I .J~ ·. l I). Punj:ib , J.1~ J,oq -'.69 1.n l.4s 2..S6 2.43 1.47 2.21 J •.37 2.~H .:.6S i.n J.! j i 14. R'.!j;1::tt>_.·111 I.Jo Z.01 1.76'' 1.00 I.SS 2.15 0.9? l •.il l ..H 2.0J l.42 !.00 I. 75 \S. T.Hnil :'-:::.!u o.so 0.()7 1..5:? ·1 •.s2 1.16 1• .so 2.00 :?.·t5 1.01 2.71 ~.a.? o.sa 1.ll.: 1.5:? (. 79 1.6~ I.~~ l'• ·rft:·. :., . :'.IH 1.r,o I.SI 16 1. 1 0.7l 1.07 o. ..:') I• gi,_ l·J" 4;51 ,, 71 11 • •. ~ .. \'• :: .;, .. :1-:lb. \·1o \,6' 1,~ '-"L....l..st-~-~-•~- ~~ _,,~ •·'' 1.'J5' '·1=7 "'~·I H7 1·?3 .... ,. '@,) ~~ .:·~~~~· ~~· \\c;;.;~~ ·.:.\\~ ,. J. .Andhta Pr3dcsb 0.65 U4 2.ll 2.09 1.64 2_.10 O.SS !..57 l.S6 1.56 1...54 1.79 0.63 l .39 2.14 2.00 1.63 2.04 2. Ass.:im • 2.:o 3.7S 4.19 4.00 3.77 J •.SO 4.41 4. 75 4.42 2.31 3.89 -4.:s. 4.00 3.8~.' 3. Bilw • 0.!3 1.77 2.29 2.29 i.18 2.l5 1.73 !.66 2.9S' 2.00 %.61 0.83 t.76 2.33 2.36, :.16 ... Delhi 3.J.S 3.15 J. i6 2.87 4.00 l.SJ .l . .57 2.$7 4,00 J.45' $, Guj.JnL. 0.90 1.93 :l.04 l.OS 1.86 LOO l.77 2.4S 2.17 t.93 2.JJ 1.61 :?.27 J.:o 1.00 6. H:iry:na J.00 4.46 4.09 l.93 4.34 l.57 4.14 3• .SO ~.OJ 3.JS 4.3.S -4.0.? J.9.? 7. Kc:ral:i • 4.25 3.96 3.13 4,JO O•.S6 4.JS 3.75 J.%5 4.U O.S6 4.JO 3.91 :?.66 3. ~1"h.u:ish1 !"l l.i5 I.IS 2.23 7.19 2.IO :::.:\0 1.14 2.SO 2.01 2.69 2•.31 1.75 1.1.S ~.JO i.11 :.14 9. M)·sore • 1.1$ 1.~I l.r~ 1..75 LS9 o.&t 3.25 j,QI 3.49 2.'1 1.07 ~.07 2.:1 2.0l 10. ~bdtlya Pr:11.lcs1t UI 1.18 1.68 l .-1~i' l.S4 1.64 1.36 2.41 :u1 l ."4 2..30 1.21 uo I. 76 I. 73 I. 53 I. 7l l I. ~1.iniiiur 4.00 6.0Ci .s. 47 4.00 6.u:> s."'1 12. Ori~SO& 0,81 1.90 1.99 Z.03 1.33 i.i4 2.os :i:.21 2.11 2.05 0.90 1.93 ~.OS I.SI). {.J. ?u:1Jllb 2.92 4.97 s..::o S.10 4.91 2.47 S.3.: 4.JS 2.3~ :S.13 2.so 5. 14 S.ul 4, 74 .L, 95 14. R.;:j:ist h:in o. 7s '.03 2.56 2. 91 2.97 2.00 2.69 3.07 1.75 .?.~ 1.ss :.9S '1. 77 2.6S .!.S3 l 5. T .imil N:idu 1.00 l • .33 2.42 2.J.S :?.J9 :?.38 O.SO J.69 J •.53 3.M l.Jl I.CO 1.1~ l.66 :.59 :.69 16. Tri('u~ • US :.JS 2.$4 :::.J6 j,00 1.61 2.i5 l.10 J.00 :.09 2 •.'S :?.61 1.13 17. t;n:ir Pr:iJi:~ll 1.51 2.47 2.-'l 2.42 2.42 1.S6 2.Si .3.01 2 •.52 2..iO J..S2 :.ss 2.52 :?."-' Sov.rce : Th-.: N;,.lioa::il ~fal'T"olc Sur-.-cy-2~r·: P.ou~d: July, l3i0--Jun~. 1971. " •fncludi:~only 1he IO\l."C~t ten per c:cn1 ai 3m.:i!I Cultiv.:iior HouscholJs. 1 (- ) denotes iniorm.:ition cot lvail::ible.  ~~--~------~~--------- 66 Tabla 2.12 con:d. For thOIC who wor~-d ia Ola.T farms For these '""ba wori:c:d in non•farm occup.1• '------ -------------- --- (at ~t.iry or ""'.1&a ~ions '1.S noa·.c.li c:nployeel .5t:u~:t.Jnion rcrrilor)· ~ Citou;> i a years ----------------- __________ , IM 10-14 15-&-6 4'9S9 60 All "') 10.14 15...W 4S-S9 60 .fl. !0-14 IS...U ibowc :i;= .ibova ·i 3 4 0.1.0 1.Jl 1.74 1.37 1.46 1.11 7 o.as 1.J'4 !O 1.1~ tl 1.s.z 12 13 I. ii 14 • ll.62 IS 1..37 15 17 l.H II\ 19 t I.~~ I :. ;\~n C>.:i6 I.~~ l • .S2 l.d l.jll l.-47 2.94 l.J3 3.J9 :?.J6 · -4 • .SO J ..n o.36 2.23 t.74 U<> l.:i-4 J.~l l.63 J ,..:, ~ I ·l J. niiur 1.7l 1.i6 ,2,11 c:.12 :.os Z.09 1.61 :.SJ :?.12 t.37 : ... s l. i:? l. :'S :?.16 :?.t: :.JS ~. ll I "· D.:!ni :?.CO l.95 l.00 :.oo 1.31 ;:.s9 :.37 .i.co J •.;s :.co J.:s ~.'.'') L·N S. ~u1:ir:.1 • a. 79 0.35 l.66 I. 73 <• .SS 1.50 t. :s l. 31 I. iJ I .jl I. iS I . .!~ Uo U9 l .:'S UJ 6. H:ir)':ia:&• :~:s l.3l · .l.3t J •.s9 -4.55 4.CO . .t.!3 3.9l ! . .:3 ~ -~' 7. !o.:.i:r.il:i • t • .Sl' :.&9 J.16 3.44 2.9S 1.46 3.40 -4.0.S l>.Ol 3,j9 l.48 3.06 3.0'1 S. ~f.1har.15hlr:i o. .;o. l .07 I .SO 1.34 1.-43 I. 75 0.9S !.24 1.91 ~.ll :.09 a.so 1.. cs 1.34 l.i? 9. ~·)~. l.Q.& t.73 1.73 l.70 t.69 1.22 '!.00 2.l9 1.~·9 u.s 1.06 1.74 1. 71 -! Ia. M;a,th,_':l ?n'1c:sb I .OS t .00 t.62 t •.Sl 1.Jl t .J.S I.CJ I .QI I.SO 1.Ja l.J2 !.6.S l.a.s LOO 1.63 l..S6 II. ~faftll"Uf 4.17 :. 70 l.00 l.93 :.6S l •.S7 Z.79 J.95 :.33 l.00 l.77 l :. Ori&s:A • 1.00 G.90 1.61 l.7S l.61 1.63 0.60 0.68 J.~a 1.6-$ us t.47 0. 79 0.3.S 1.56 I. :'J t.S3 I.SO IJ. ttunj:ib . 2.6J 4.60 '4.62 ~.Jl 4 •.:9 l.00 7 •.SO -4.S7 s.so 4.i~ 4.-:'t ·Ul ~.41 ... 11. :t:ij:iuii:in I •.S! l.41 Lll 4.12 Z.J6 ! .42 :.J2 : •.:4 1.6& :.:O t.~9 Z.4l t.s..; :.so 13. T~m• I :-;:iuw 1.07 O• .SCJ l.79 :.OO 1.33 l.30 l.ll ~.97 %•.S9 l.06 ?.'7 t.07 0.9~ 1.90 ..... ., i• t lfl. irir.1· 1 . I .Ill! %• .SA Z.89 %.60 !.:4 l.S! S.69 '!.90 J.65 I • .SJ 3.Jt 1.00 4. -'6 Z.39 l.t1? ::: •.:o ~ n\J~~ _,..,.Jii t·U..f·~.1.·~I·'( - 1·1' •·~1 •·i-= 1·• ~., .. r.:?"_. r.::.,__ ::.ii.& :. rt ~.01 i .•. -- ... ~=-... ~~~~~"'~~~ '~~~"J ~~~l..~ \. ~~ l J. Aodhr~ r:~.~1:1!\ 0.60 l.J2 l.!7 l.37 I·.~ t.~t IJ.~5: l •.S-4 l·.73 I.~ l •.H l.66 O.cil t •.37 l.~.4 1.:SJ. l ..,., . .. ~ i. As"L;~ 2.11 l.o.s •.OJ •.oo· 3 ••6.s -· J.:3 · ":1·J 4.49 4.14 i.J-4 ~.74 '4.10 -'.O'J ..; . i l. ;: . ,, , ' l. Bih.u O.SJ t.i6 :?.U· 2.JJ 2.13 ::.13 1.70 !.41 l.4.5 2,;9 1.99 O• .Sl l.1' !. l7 ::.11 ::.16 ' 4, Octhi 5. Ouj:r.i.l 6. Hllr)':in~ 7. l<e::il:i 1.00 ·1.63 ?.OQ !.95 3.CO 2.CO. :!.Sl ?.17 3.CO 4 • .ZS l.!)4 4.09 o..:s I. 71 2.07 J.i'9 4,18 l.93 - 3 • .S7 l.9S 3 • .St 2.11 2.S1 ?.71 uo 4-CO l.IS l.?O JAS ?.14 2.00 1.1:: l.JS :.16 .:.tl :.90 ::.o? -'.O! hm 1.00 ), 79 l.1 ::.os 4,10 ' { i l ' 4. ~·Sab~-.ht r:i • I • .SO 1.06 1.83 l.JS 2.•U Z.64 I. i9 ! . .SO. 1.3l I.~ 0,.S6 J,!, 1.24 2.ll 3.JI I .d-' J.69 0.j6 L53 J.7) ;;.21 J.OJ • ~ i 1.98 1. .. 1 1.06 U6 I.SO :: • .o9 l.3.l f ~-M~·. 1.00 1.16 1.71 US [,.SS 1.i'l o.u 2.!4 l.b.5 2~62 10. M:idh)-;i i':-:i.!::.sh 1.10 1.1.S l..S-4 1...S:Z t ~.SO I •.St l.:2 2.03 1.9'& 1.99 1.00 1.10 1.10 I. ~.s 1.S! uo :?.Ol us 1.99 I .~C) I. SI 'i ~ 11. M:in1pur 4,(A) 6.0Q 5.~i .. ~· 4.00 4.00 4.0G 6.00 j 12. Od.ssa 13. ?uaj~o • 0.. 19 1. 73 1.a: uo us l.l,- UO· :.01 1.4! r .n 0.37 1.74 !.~6 I. il I. 7o i l.06 4,76 S.ll S.02 -4.i4 !S~ S.33 3.63 ::.sa .u.s :z..n 4.39 4.i4 .!,6l 14. !Uj:utlt;ln I .lJ :.75 1.9!' ].30 2•.S9 2.00 2.6l I.JI l.7S l."6 :. i'l 1.;'} :.so 15. T~mil N;idq • O.:S5 t •.::.4 l.lll 1.10 !.OS Z.06 (),3l 3.46 3.44 l.!l 3.Jl 1.10 2•.l7 ::.-4] :.:~ ~-"I; ! 6. Triput.i • 2.16 :.:! 2•.:s .~ •.:.~ J.00 1..U l.07 ::.7.S UO J.oo 2.0.s 1.91 :.n ., ' ....... !7. Uu;i.; ?r.:di::>h I· 16 1.4! :? •.32 2 •.:6 :: •.:.. Z•.:l7 I • .S.5 2. 68 :: •.s9 :?.J.5 :::.60 1.16 l •.!9 : • .:o ::.J:: ~-~S S<lurcr : in-: :•htian1I S.1r.1:lie Si.trY':Y- :,Stll Round. : July 1970- June, 1971. (-) Jc:n::iccs iaio~m:uon not ~v-.ii~blc.  • a{qt?tJl?M? :JOU UOJ=lt?.'UUOJUJ SCl:.?Oll;"l L1 (-) · u6 t aunr-Ol6t At~f : puno.J tf:l~l - AaA.rnS aplmr.s tt?uonP-N a1u, : ?~.:mos lf.. I ltfl"ld 'UJ:»llll"' I i r:t;.1 1ul"'ld •1"''":1' tg." •"1•1d •111:111•:1 ·r.9.1· •••• 1 ·~9.1 UJ~·1111111 '1 t-8· • . og.1· oG. r 111!!.bl"1Ul'I : oC.1 1t.1 • •gt. I. ·9t.1 tt.1 llJ.>l~:>M !l•· 1 '.IYOIC'rfl "-"'M I £9.1 •!i-1: gl.1 ,fl:>!S":>M'Jlll'"!ll! t ''·' t.r..1· · I 91.r. uf.. UJ.>H'r.:>'! 1 llrlll! n.1 of.. I 11.1 90.t o•· • I f·~. f r.r. . 1 (h.1: Lg.1 '"=''11no1 nn110::. ••• t t1.1 • tJ"·• · '-~· 9t.1 1t;.1 .. 111:>n":> ll~;~l!Vlf,I I 01:.1 Ot.· I £!;.1 ~(i.1 V,\l!f!VJ'\ of.. r of;.~ lt!J1Ul9!) !.>9· • u:.1 P;~.r. 1~ •• J:r..r 99.0 61i.1 19.I': cg.a lif..1 19.11 r.g.I': go.a UJ:»JI:>"' uw.t1111:111111 • nnn•d •v.u.n 1"··. ~!l·'. ....... .~fi.C · tG.tl 11.t 6~.C "'"'11"01 t1J:11pJ111I 'YIVlflf" t:o •.!I • ti~·'. Si::. I £!;.1 01!-.1 £:;. i h:.1 gC:.r . • nJ:1tt1no1 • pn111uy '10:11~:> .,.... gt. ... : ·Lg.r.· re.I\ ·r.t..11 1C.t f9.a .~.t .< ......",""'"'., '11!'1 J:>Jllo lt.f 1J?· r £1.1 • unq1Jott 'l'l!H'l!<>:t oo.r. r.r..• of.. t oG-t sno1111•1t1nolll 91:.1 r.t:;.1 91:. I O<IVN "tlnvJ. ol.9 Lt.it• tg.C 61.t 'lllnlltv)f ~ nn"vf Go.r 01.1 go.r •O· I ur 1 :111~q1no1 f9.1r ofi.S • h:.f.. ~1.t n.• f.r. I ~O·I o~.1 LL. t uuq1no1 tg.f. tg.t t(t-C "J=»UP..7 (It;. I 00 .. Gt.11 ~~-· u:.1 9!;.1 UJ:>ll'l!ll llJ'111Jl>ll gC.t ••• t of..[• ~o.t M.t 90 .• VMVA1'\1f • oo.r. 0::.1 1£.1: UJ:>J~:>M u;., n.1 1t.1 r.1.r. rn-n.uvrvll rg.t r11. i: r:g.t ••. r. f-g.t WJJljFUn•oi: 00.1: 0 110.11 ·0.11 "1t.9 Lt.1: r•.>J'I! A•r pr..• [0.9 u1:>q1nn1 tg .• gt.1 '£9. ,. • ~i; • .,~ gt.t t11.11 u1:1111mn •11p·11I G£. I rg.r; 1ri.t r.n·• 9~-~ UJ:>'11JOU SV(Nnd ££.1 «;t.1 (it .• ot.1 £9.1 'H.r" r,!;.1 l'O·' 9r..11 fo. r. 9•·· 9£.1 UJ:>•fJJt)ll 'll!<:Jd t1J:111n:o r.6.1 f~. I '96.1' 'gr..11' 119.9 1C.11 .1.vwvfno H:.r '·'<'·I 1.r..1 U.r 9"·' lr;. I gg.1 ti: .• oo. e tL.1 01'.1 .,,.1: UJ:>'f1JOll UJ:>qtn('ll • ll!ll~o:J 19.1 0(.1 t.C.1 r9.1 r.9.v 1£. I• 96.1 9G.1 ~ 69. I .. p•Jttl:>:J 111:1111.1011 !·r.. I 61.1 tg.1 ('fl· I ~o • 91'. I 6!.1 UJ:>l!11H>!: oC. I ()9· • 911· 1 "'llVJU{I. 01.f r;t;.r 90.1 9£.1 h.e r:t.1 • u1:111uou •rnw1u r.9.1 G~.,· 'r.9.1' 'Cb. I li9.1 t1. r gl.1 91. I 1:1 ·I oi=.1. ('l. t gt. I p!.1 or..ir ~l).r. o~.1 06.11 89· 1 gt.. I Lt.t • "'=»'ltn"' •rn111u1 o•:11,•=- •r11t:1"1 '1"'1" "ll'!al'I!~ ()(,.c u•·• 111n1 1:u1qrf tcvr;t:V. 1 £1. I ~1. I 19.1 Gli.t 9£.1 •'llO 69.1 9c.a (it;.1 to.r to.II 1'J>t!tt::» ttJ:11u1:1•pnl!l"f 1t.1 a.o.t ... ,. ot.1 .i;t. ~. Lo.r .t.L.1 • .£1.11 L9.1 89·1 Gfi. r t11:>•p11nF'P""I"! ftJ:>lllJOll 'l'""I"! So.1 tf:. r 10·1 £1.9 9•· • f-o. I tr..1 £1.1 1:1 •I L6.1 o<J.9 pu1tt:>::> 'P"•l"I nn111.1on •ru111u1. h.1 St. I 9•·· 9£.1 . tit·•· ti:.1. t6.1 .1t. I. 98·• LG. I 11n.1 (19.1 • • ~!;Y.f<:I • 11cn1JV1f,I vl!mNV. t-1;.1 ~fj.1 C1.r. UU1C:>M 'pt111fUf 1•. I r.i; •• ot.1 L1.11 90.t: VJCINl -i-JV .1.1: t;l. r tt..a • l'l!llt:o:t tr:.1 9';.1 ('I II VllJ,1HVllVHYJ'( (£) (9J {t) (Ii) ( 1) ,- (l} (~) (t) (t) (•) ,,·: ~ -r~~r '" '''"' ·trlfl~no HUt".J uou -Tdnj:io uou -wdn;:>o lion -~<ln:> :io 0 tJl.ll!J "~"' -w:dn~Jo """ •t'1h7Jn UIJl'J 1111 111 l·!J-llrJU ,c•:>1110 II" m•r1-1111•1 ,iJ:>1jlf' I I'' UI 11·1-•:•1n ,'-"'llfl \~Jlfj·t:o1I tr1•1'1:>1/ll1'1111 -·--------~-------------·----------------------- ------~\"""V"...,.'""'".T'.S..,a.~__..~~'l(ir&!,\'T't:~S-e~'-t-\<\\d"'''r-J- - - - - - - - - - - ~~.., ~~ \ t;tr10r1:1~;no11 lto.1.\·,\1.1:1m' .,,, J\!-: ~~m :1.\ f;~.i;, ~IU\' :111.1:~1· N:ll'\O.\\ Cit~\' ~:11~ ltilJ !-::llJJ,\I 1.:J\' ,mmm 0 O~\f 11.nu f ·1v11n.1:111:H1l!JV NI .\Hl·NVJ-: ll;IJ (1• 11 ·0·!:-11) R1~~1t,m:r:u1:1.1,11 :1:i\11'1,\\' n "l a1q~.T.  r ·atqR{J~AU lOU UOJl~~XOJUJ ~~-oua~ ,-) Tl6l ~unr ...OL6T ..<tnr puno.t. 'll~l - ,{~1uns ~1dnrrs "[t?nonr.H ~nu. l9. I -~--.: H·.' '"" r.1.T: ,, ., ·'·" . '"'"'" '""'""' ~r,., lllfr.td'f'P.llU'!t ~,., (It. I ""··. ,.... en.• ""''""" .,.. ., r!'. t ge.r: nr..1 tu) .. r: . '"'"'"'"12""" fl· I 91:.1 r;(J,1 """"~ tq.11 "''IUM'rlf•f"f !Jl-.1 t(i I te .• "d"t""rl "IYON711 J.'9f.\ r.•.1 1111.1 pt.1 .,c.' ..... " ..... H.t .. ,,,, .. ,·r 11 •1"! ..... .,.. tH:ott•:9 nr..r: 111.1 fl'J. I ,0.1 ~~-· fo.' t!)-1 uJ:o1unn1 ,.... ,. h•'lt1Y>l,f VJlUOYJ"{ ·~. !Ir· I fC. I f;C.1 n';. I "'"'" ,.,,, 1£." n .• f.9.1 •9.11 n.11 .. .. ,. ,,.,"' ""·hl"tllf'I ' n,.' '"·" fll·. I fl.I• I r.ft.' .,,, .. t.f..• '1·• "·' Gfl.• ee.c . . .. .. ..... ''""''""' Ul:JlltJOll , ·:~I' y,.,. • .,.. :.: .. gr..11 ' f"ll!(fTIIJ. 11YJ,f.0 ' 1C.1 Cfl.1 """·· l:n.1 rn. r r:I' f!I; I 11:.' flO.I ~r. t.!) r. .. 111:••11nnc '1"11""' ••1:011unU'f"tcr.o:J . r""'"' .... u .• t;1.~ r.r:.11 tt.t Cn.• ibfl•Jt. "'"P'lf 'lffl "'"" 1no'11r1•tttr'ftt 111,.ltlh'°!t ~ nnnv( r.r:.1 ~I:. I tt " n., Ct.II tg.C on.' 111:nc;," g1.• ~6-C .,1;_, .· ""''"' •11n1>1 "'"''""' "'·I 99·" W!t·" "'°'''~" I r.~.r: ro.r: n.,. """"' ''"' "' '"''""' t:g.1 r.11.C Oo.C w11•11r•h11! I 00 tt1.C ~i.w L1.C 1i.c og.C ,., •• _~•r CL.II '° oli.r f.f,.f- tr..11 t11.11 .,l.s ,.. ~·1•""' '"!·r' ln. tU:tlflnnl Ill·' 8!1·1 91.1 •••• tr:., I tt.' lr..11 ""'',."" edNRd 19. I ec. 1 '"·" o .• JC.• •••• n.• u.w ...,,,., '"'"'"'" •tt!"l'I J,V1'Yfo!) f-<•.I Lr.. tg.• I <;g.1 'll·' I"·" "'·" !;"g.o f-t;. I £~.: r.1.' ·-~-1 rt.r. ~!.J· fo.I! I .• "''''''"" "'"''""' "frlll!l'!t cc .• ,... LC.t C~.1 (!fl. I i.. .• to., 911.C 00· 1 tn.W f"!""":) ""''""" £t. I fl~. I fjf;. I ,.,,,,1n11C l:l.1 ,,.,_, ,... , tm·• Ct.' "'''l••nu'r""I''' Y~O u.1 "·' nl. I 1C.1 fjf: •• n.1 Lt.. I .... !JO· I tt.1 f.11. I .·wvtnd .,.. 1Jf..1 <;r..1. u;. lg. I ro'i.1 ,,_, r.t.11 On•11noi•r11r1"f ".,11r:t •r''"l"f 1t •• LL.w u.c •m'I ,, r:l. r nr..' ~R· I g:;.1 gG.1 ~~ °'·" o(I. I ,,.,,,, .,, f'l!lflP"' 0.11 gt .• .. i.c gtt.f .~.c . '"'''" •",.tty f.t.r. gf.C r.(j.1 t ... ' '!'.!·:· .,c .• nt.e t;t.1 8t.1 h-• G!i.o llUHO •ru•1"1 ..,_, ... r:o.t o•-1 Ill.I fg.' ft .• !'"·' tfJ.1 l"::o''r 11•l"I 1 •• u .• nr:. lr..' I t;l.11 t-r..t • ~ "'·' lC.1 ,,.. tr..r. 3 tc.1 ft. I g!.11. t!J.r. ' " ' " "' 'r"''l"I 19.11 • t"lll!IJ:t h.t Y11J.llfv1'VHYJ'( n.1 -----·---------------- (l) (p) •••• (~) ot.1 (C) ----------------- (•) - •· -- (t) (rl ( r) <'" ,4• -•· : - .... "'•·-- ......L'"---~~U ..1'1t..•~,.. • ._ ..,._,..,.,..,_..,__,_ _ _ .• ~•-..._......_ ..... --.a•-•-•·---·•-··---••--•·- .. ·• ....... ~ .. -·•·-• - - - -·~,,•-to••_....,. ........_,"'.._.,.......-....,....._____ .,.._. __,•_,• -  '- - 69 - ...,, . -._........ _....._._._ I . . ·1 ~ Table 2.15 I'\. Irrii: "L.2.f..~ . . :1! ·.::-t, . . ~~,:~1-~i-·.:..l:::.:•!l Lnr".I·'-~-~ - Sc:ata-wise 1'?5&.: ~(') l~,2_:';-~~ :!'J'L ~~.~ ~~:'"~ rJrd~., l"1f.r::l J.25e--5~ - isi·.-1~-71 f~"."'"". ~: .. s.~. st::.te Er:s.s oC 1 o=~.~7 =1 cq ~s~: 1 <?go-.c;'· - ! ~~ tAl{J; M.n.s. ~T .S .. S. 19~4-65 197C..71 1 ~64-<i .5 1070-71 l~SS- 19~ 1970-lL __§1. _.§~ iMdh~ ?radS5h 116 139 101 136 91 91 123 .Ass em T',4 Sl 101 lll 76 77 ·~ Biher 89 UeA-(lC4) 101 121 fJ1 ea 106 G.tjar.!t HaryPna 102 l20 n.a. 124 (77) 159 115 - ::1• B • Kerala 12.,1. 149 118. 146 107 125 l.56 M&:!dh,r~ Mabrashtra ?rttrleSh ~i 10§ 106 ll.O Hi 98 - 103 - 110 .. Mysore Q9. 89 ea 10~ ?;i· ~ 10~ Or.i.sse. 128 95 llO 1C7 120 1~4 129 Punjab 10~ 155 77 126 117 89 lS2 ~j~sth'!f1 n.... n.a. 131 155 97 127 151 . Taml !ledll 99 109 llS 162 ; ~ Uttf)r ?r-.deSh . lJ.O 175 74 149 - ea 81 West Se.-: gll9l 95 S9 93 n.~. Note& F~r~ in bracket is for (1968-~) Source: Tables 2.7 and 2.11 ' • ..... -, "'"' ..... - ~. - -- -~----·---- I I l i t· II ~·  - 70 - Table 2.16: ?:3.C~lTAGE C:-L~'iGE ~:i ::\EAL WAGE RATES 1956/57 to 1970/71 STATE-WISE State :!oney Wage ~~ Cha.::..ge in Real Rate in 195E/57 Wage in 1970/il (i:Jri=e "Jer dav) over 1956/57 l'unj ab 218 +28 Haryana 218 _15 Assam 169 +ll West 3engal 1.37 n. .a. Ker ala 141 +46 Rajast:han !.08 +55 Ut:-ear P':'adesh 101 +49 3ihar 100 +21 Andha Pradesh 96 +36 Gujarat 9"5 +59 Xaharashtra 95 +34 ~ysore 92 +8 Tamil Madu 92 +6Z Orissa 88 + i Madhya Pradesh 84 13 !-!ean wase :late ]di +32 ~Toce: 3asic Source: ~TSS :!5th. round and 2nd Agric.ul ~ura.J. Labour Enquiry. Source: Tables 2.6 & 2.7 -  ,.. ... '1':.il.Jlc 2.17: t:OEl:'flCH:Nl' Of VARlA'J'IOU lN S'l'A'l'E l.E~EL HALE A1aUt.:Ul.TllltAI. WAGES: !'.1)0/51, 1956/57, 1%3/64 i.!:J<l l'J/IJ/71 1950/51 1% /6 1~70/ ll SL ale w I II w I II '"'----- 1 ll w II !J7 2.8 87 2.26 2.1 121 1. 7 222 3.55 2.0 190 11.a. 0.2 154 0.44 0.4 221 o. J6 0.2 378 llil1Jl" 126 11.u. 2.6 91 3.05 2.6 2. 57 2.1 229 5.lll l.9 Gujarac n.a. n.a. 11.u. 11.a. n.a. U.d. J4'/ 0.68 0.4 245 I. 2'.i 0 • .5 11.a. 11.a. u.u. n.a. u.u. 11,u. 11.u. 11 ...1. 11.a. 446 0.2 J:!b n.u. 0.8 128 0.62 0.5 211 0.5:! 0.7 425 l. 20 O.l 79 n.a. l.l 76 1.48 l.l 111 1.40 1.1 lbl) :!.D l. 1 101 11.'1. 2.0 87 2.10 l.9 14/ 2.11 1.4 228 2.~J 1.4 tty son: 90 11.a. l. l 84 O.!H 0.9 121 o.U9 0.7 191 1.72 0.6 Ori:;isa n n.a. l. 2 80 l. l'J 1.0 Ill o.tn 0.9 190 l. 55 O.ll l'u11jab 1114 n.a. O.l 198 0.48 O• .l 213 u.58 0.4 497 o. 71i 0,1 1taja1:1Lhai: 123 11.a. 0.2 98 0.16 0.2 176 U.2'.J 301 0.'.>4 O.l 'l'mui l Na1!u 97 11.a. 2.7 84 1.9 ll9 l.45 l. 7 242 2.lil 2. l llli n.a. 1.6 l.H2 2.0 llO 2 .Ott 1.5 '".!.47 L5 l6ti n.a. 1.1 141 l.45 1. 2 un 1.45 l. l n.a. 2.t16 II. a. !!.:..!· ill -COt!rficJcnt of V<1riatlon (1.) (A) WL?J ghLcJ by the 110. of wale Agi:iculcucJl J.aboureL· ~· (ti) Wei l~hlcJ Liy Hu. of Ai;d. l.uLuur Uuus..,holJ.:i l.:..!!:!. W - Wag,. r.•r.:: (11.Jl:ic); 1- Uu. of ABrlcuhuL·al L11bour1.:n. (11;llH011)1 II - N..a. of AgrJcullural 1... L,lur 11..au:whu-IJ:; (1ullllu11) tl••lc:i: in;J;; !i.111n:.:1.:s: (l) 1950/51 & 1956/57: l:'lL·::.t anti 11.:.;.mJ AgrlctL~~·11.d L<1bour l::uqui:de:i (2) 1963/64" CSO, 'l'al.ilc:i wi:ch Notc:i on incuwc of lturu) l.ubour llouschulJ:i• NSS Rc1>ort No. lJ!1, ltlLh Round: t'cbcuaa:y 1963-Jauuury 1~6t1 • (3) 1970/71~ NSS 25ll• RounJ, fL·clh1i11ury a:ablt:>. (4) Fur 110. of uialc Agclcultural 1.aLoure1·:1 ln 1%1/64 6. 1970/71: 1%1 ti. 197~ <..c11:1u:;e:.;, ~ Uecpi1k l.al, '!"111:: stL·m:tuce of 1:'.an1i119s in lndi~, 1'l.J1mlug Co11111Jss,on, 1974.  Table 2.18 I .L . a., .. lhtlo:i of Btmir..:3 p~ir H.1.n-1ay of &:.-ill Otltivator{;) to rcn- cul ti"lat..=: .t; ll~ro E:a-~01• ~t) .'.grlculth ml L'llx>ur l!au.J uhold:i - l!~S 2~th l&o~1d ( 1910.. 71) ~ !.Y .. ., ! ... ' .. i ----- lk>rk on o th or:; a fa JUl!l \lolic in :'!On-f~ll~:\ OCCl.:£U\th. \ s a -·I -1 t t 0 M n 1 6 6 :fo1:1n"l 2 s : 1 r ns non- :1 C!l t:.."-.:))_~.:L_ - - - 4 ")-f a 0 s Ln._!LlU_t I .~t .tndl11n P nid~b . o.oa 1~00 1.00 1,co :.,ssam Dihn1· . ,, 0.96 0_01 o.oo o.~u ' 0,9~ .. 0.9-1 1.03 O.,DG -.. • ·i Guja1nt 1.03 o.oo o.·11 i.~3 '• N , Jin 1JU1}a ... ... nomla. 0.-01 0.79 1.2s 0,09 1.11 0.91 1.10 o.~n ' • '". !fa h:t lU:J htnl .o. 95 1.03 .. 1.09 . o.n3 Jlyuoro .. .. • - ' .·~ l.ll 0,07 0.'13 0//0 lh<llua Pmdaah_ ~.· 1,07 1.02 ., 0.01 0.09 0 rls f;O. . . ... 0,96 ,_ .... 0,0'/ •. 0.09 o,n1 Punjub 1.02 0.19 1.ro :- . ... P".ijas ll~n '!. 1'!lr.dl r~ndu . . .4 • . 0.92 . 0,06 0.01 0,85 0.!)2 0,03 0//3 O.frJ Uttar Pmdo::lh • o.a2 1.10· o.oa· 1.-15 Basic Source: NSS 25th RounJa Source; Ui!Cpak Lal. 'l'he Structure of Eanlltss in India,_l'Jmmini; Couunistiion, 1974.  73 Table 2.19 ,• • • ll•r'i' ... ~ .. :...:.C.:..!l;~•.!!"'...?~ ···.ll~~i::. ~a.n.ill.L!!:.-:a. f l9SS-.S9 ,. 'hat Cadcv .. d l ·' i. Si5 t..~ . ..-~~· .· :•: ~' ~ 1957-.58 • l9~9-aO 1~57-SI i.2a ;1.cs· 0.12 hoaciv.r usa.sg l.Jl "l9EC-03 ....:,,. igsg.sa l.lS · ~ebb~ l9f.D-4.$ l..lt 'I s.~ ·-··~·:.i: . • • l 992-03 ta- l ~64-oS 1962-63 l.lO ~on 1ni -'llcpy 13~0.W l.JS .1.zo 196'-05 . .. ~ · '! . : . .. r• 1962-6:5 0.31- -· -0~·37 ..: O.Jl-2. .SO ltaipul" •. ~.oo z..so S• Ji:h:··-:: ht-, .·:. •. .. . ...... l9~.S6 to i9SO..S7 1._sik, 1hccd::..:ic•r- o.s3 O.. «i ...I i ·o.ss o•.cs 0.,1 l lA o•.sz 0.:2 I ·i S. ~!Y""'r.: l 95~60 t.o l 96l.-o2 l9lli~~ o.s1 o.ss r I SPnt.sloro l!~-51 e.7.l o.az i !S'Ql..oZ .J.11 o.Q.J i i 1.~ f l9!i7-9J to lilSi-C.0 l!J.!-i"-~! s"'~b·li.ur to l~~oO 0.92 o.r-l 0.12 0.11 n.ca "'·~ 19\.7-68 Qu.t...:k ':!'61-08 :on"' I :ette II 2.71 cii.~.,. l •."n l,.:"S I l9~S5 to l9SS..S7 :Ono IlI 195;-.SS 2.l-' 2.4~ l.00 I I r.l'l:Q.lt' ani l95S-SS 2.sa .l=rit.:"r l9S~~ 2.19 l 962-63 to 19~65 1967-H 1!36:?-53 .. • s.ss o.sg .. l l ' Pili 1963-v\ 196-1-oS o.:o o.sz i l i I 1966-C'T 1955-67 2.1n .• :.10 1 •.-;.~ i ~uu .. r11mior"r ~ Da:trh I (.1nc:ll.clc:s c..:1!1 srd ~) !'' i l I u. !:.:.~ l~~:-ss to l~Ss..~ l<JSl.SS 0.91 i ::i::s-.;J 0.97 r .Sl\l «.": 11td C:i.L:~!::•toc-e 19!6-ST i.os o•.;o ii j lti~.!'.S4 1'.oor\ y ~tri 2·1 l'• r,·n::,_a lf.oody ?a~ =·\ l~S!-SS l:JS.S-Sli l.l l.: l.Q j ~N Source: Deepak Lal, !":le Scruc:ure of !arnings in India, Planning Commissions, 1974.  ~.:1,!!; CON!iUHl::ll l'lllCI:: INUl~X 11111-1111.:'.U!i ~·ok At..Uil:Ul.l"lil<AI. l.Al.IUlll:El<:i - !.iTA'l"l!-Ul!it::: l~!>U/!>l Lu l'J17/11J (U.;;1u; l':JbO/t.l IOU) Yc.ii: ___ A.1"Ji.("---M~-..~.~----u11;.;~-c;;j:~i-- J ........-;-~;.. L ...... --~;.x;--- H.i.u;;~ ·-- .. _;h.";~;~1.~--or·1~.:;··- · ·1~~.~1:.:.- K<1t.:a~l"1~--.r:;,:11,~::t~--iit;;;;-;----·--li~;;L 11~.;;;.:1--.\ii--i~J1~---- <July fL .. J..::ih (111cl1ul111u l(Juhwh· 1•1·.a.h.::.111 (111<.:l111JI Ill) 1'1·;,Jc;:;h .lmu.:) Hu11Jpuc 6. llclhi, !IJC- ------ ----···!...!~------------------------------------·-·- - - - - - - - ---~:! ! !!....tL.----------------···-··-. --- . -·- ----··----- -- -·-·- i':DU/~I JIJ n.a. 11.u. ~o !14 n.-.. 11.a. 101 'Jl JOU 11.a. 11.u. 'J8 11.u. 94 101 !llS l':l!>C./ 51 1951/Sil 195U/59 ...... 93 92 11.u. iOI 11.11. 112 11.11. 99 u.u. n.u. n.ili. ~l n.-1. 98 11 • .1. &Otl n.u. 99 11,11. 94 11,u, 110 11.M. til n.u. 99 105 11.a • 114 101 u. nu 100 J. 11.u. o.u. 11.u. 99 101 101 101 9!.I 101 II.la. '102 91. 1959/60 l%U/6J 9!i 100 91 100 100 100 "·"· 100 100 100 100 100 100 lUO 100 160 100 100 100 101 9d 102 lU4 !14 lll IOU 10!> 11.11. l!H>l/61 101 ')~ 1Ul Hll 11 • .i. 100 106 ll)t, 96 104 !.IU l:!l 115 lu1 105 101 107 108 1-07 121 1%2/63 102 107 11 .... &Ol n.a. u • .1. 11:! 11.u. Jl& 106 11.11. 109 110 119 111 112 114 1961/M 10!. 114 ll!.I 112 ll8 164 l'.16 141 1%1,/{,j 125 131 ISO Ill Ill ll,6 ll2 U!.I ISi 141 150 156 159 102 118 11.0 143 Hi:i 170 l:ili 19£5/66 131 145 '7!.I 136 153 111 i!i 1 l!JU 219 l!>'.J 117 119 161 102 l]:i l!.11 114 H11 us lll l 'J 7 1~0 1'Jbb/b1 lll 209 l~l 11l 112 236 :it.t 206 Ill 219 250 160 lb9 US7 112 219 1967/66 182 195 195 111 218 191 Ul2 171 119 :w11 185 l!Hili/69 167 208 UH 160 15'.l l~Hi l~l 207 USl 2ll l'J6 l!.16 190 197 1%9/70 176 liUi 202 no 160 116 202 212 194 113 174 llil :we. 192 201 206 173 161 188 214 l9d 192 19JU/11 111 lUl 112 101 HD lb IS l!.12 211 Wl WJ 2l1 :w:. 116 l1S7 in WO ... ,, i!Hl/"12 246 ~21i 2:!8 192 214 225 205 215 240 225 214 218 221 240 2:44 1912/Jl 216 2112 2n 21Jt, 242 lOl 2d'.J l'ffJ/ll, 242 260 ll7 246 261 275 276 109 lb4 l!.11 J]J 369 405 178 368 122 341 192 319 ll2 344 2Bl 415 1974/75 l41S 3115 lU8 292 ll4 268 ll1 1975176 291 301 )06 290 31.9 121 166 l46 ll!.I llO 144 lU) 2711 i!.IU 271J lU2 1d1 1!14 1!.l!.I l2l 10!.I J26 l'J7b/17 112 126 306 136 32) 141 ll,2 108 111 145 120 151 l'J77/78 2'J7 315 -·---·-------------------- -----. -··------------·--  ----~ -... ..._ ·--- -··---·. ..,. ~ ~ .•. ·-..·-·---~·'- -·-----· - 75 - Table 3.1 : PREV,\JLi~;c MINC.l~~~~ WAGES (1~ASIC + D •..\.) IN D CFFER.E NT l IND USTRIES/ SE CTO HS I i I Sl. No. I !Jldustry/Sectot" Basic M!..'1.1mt!r!1 W:::.·~!J fR3 .) D.A. Total I iI MO?i'THLY RAT ES lI 1. Cotton Textile: · l) Bombay ii) ill) AhmedaDad Indore 282.52 282.85 280.00 151. 78 126.15 lll.24 434.30. 409.00 J91.24 l ' J 55.00 381.10 436.10 'f iv) Madras v) Kanpur 38.00 379.38 417.38 160. 00 202.ss 362.55 vi) Calcutta 1 2. Jute (West Beri.gal) 160. 00 iso.oo 217 .•!O 152.lO 377.40 412.10 l 1 3. Cameut (Gujarat) ' ~ 4. Iron & Steel (lL S. L. ) 300.00 129.60 429.60 1 ·1 s. Engineering: ll 1) Praga Tools 180.00 2sa.oo 446.00 il) H.M.T. 200.00 295.00 495.00 j W) Ellooiaeers India Ltd. 196. 00 99.00 295.00 i41) B.H.E.L. 260. 00 171.10 431.10 v) Heavy Engg. Corpa. 267 .oo 135. 00 402.00 6. "Sugar: i) A.P. 110. 00 211.00 324.00 il) BJ.bar 110.00 209. 1)0 319.00 ill) Ka.ruabka 110.00 ~14.00 324.00 iv) Maharashtra 110.00 231. 00 311.00 v) Tamil N'adu ll0.00 234.00 344.00 vi) U.P. 110.00 209 .. 00 319.00 7. Co:il 286. 00* 131.31) 417 .30 8. Nationalised Banks 116.00 264.4.8 3.80. ·!8 9. Gen~ral Insurance Corpn. 125.00 285.00 410.00 • '!'1is ID.eludes Rs.25.CO attendance bonus • .. . ~ t ~~~--- ~...._......~ --~· .. ,....... ........... --- ----------~...,..,.•~.--~~..-------..-----~ ---- ..<#- ... i.;.~·· ~ ~-.  ·- -· - -· .. ·-- ·- ... ··------,-------------·--·-·· --·---·· - . - 76 - . -~ !'able 3.l (Cont:d.) Minimum Wa~s 1:Rs.} Sl. No. ~/Se~..or Basic D.A. Total 10. LL!e Wsunnce Cor,=.. 125.00 285.00 410.00 ll. Cc=ir1l Govenmmt 196.00 112.SO 308.50 OA.n.:I RATES 12. Tea PlaD.tat1au: 1) Assam 3.88 ta 0.34 4.22 to 4.46 4.ao 11) West Beapl 4.74to O.lS 4. 92 to s.12 S.30 ill} ~ataka 5.60 s.so 1v) Kera.la 4.75 2.32 7. r:n v) Tamil Nadu 4.88 to l.72 6.60 to 5.02 6.74 13. Coffee Pbnta'dou: 1) K.a.rnaiaka 5.65 5.65 U) Kerala 4.75 2.J2 7.07 ili) Tamil Nadu. 4. as u, a.ao to 5.02 6.14 14. Rubber Plantattou: 1) Xarnataka 5.90 s.so ii) Kerala 3.37 l.96 5.33 ill} Tamil Nada 4.65 to I.1'1 S.42 to 4.74 a.s2 Note: Mlnimum w~a ~ induatrlea/sectors in S.No.1,2,394,5 (v),6.7,12913 and 14 relate to O~cber, 1977; in the rest, they relate ta Jazwary, 197 a. &>urse: Ministry of Labclur. • -----------~·---- -------------  - 77 - .. Table 3.Z ~um~,ftr..r E:.mLUMENTS OF i::~.rPLCYEES !N CETITAP.T SELECT iXDUSTRIES/Uff.UERTAK.!NGl IN THE OP..G.-\...'i!S:::D SZCTOR - J A.J.'HJ ARY U37 8. Basic pa.y, D. A. Ba.sic: p::iy. D. A., Sl. Basic pay and c:i.sh C~h a.llowa..'"lces N'o. Establishments ~d D. A. aj.low:inces. ;md frtn!:!'C bep,efI.ts •. Rs. Rs. Rs. 1. P & T workshop, Bombay 309 350 400 I 2. Railway workshop, Bombay 309 350 478 i 11 3. A nationalised Bank at Bombay 380 409 514 l : 4. A public sector enterprise at Bangalore 424 513 723 s. Another public sector enterprise at. Bangalore 437 549 584 I 6. M.\a engineering company i I at Calcutta. 385 418 473 I J 7. An engineering company ~ at Far:!.dabad 293 384 463 ! ) B. A ~extile mill ai: Ahmedabad 421 . :~55 534 '' Notes: i) Total earnings are exclusive of subsidy ou account of housiug and children';:1 education, except 1D. case of serW nos. 2 :md 4. ! t. ii} Subsidy on account of medical facWties are inchided excePt mthe case of serial nos. 1 and a. Source: Data collected by the Study Group on ~ages incomes and prices, May, 1978  _____...,....___ - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - · - ··--1 .... -·--·----- - 78 ~,, 1'acle 3.3. RAi.'iGE OF ~imnw..t WAGES FIXED trnDEB THE ~.mrrMm,1 WAGES ACT, 19489 BY v ARrqus STATES/UNiON TERRITORIES FOB. LOWEST DAILY PAID· UN~~I..LED MAU: WORKERS AS ON 31. 12. 77. Range of Min. Total number of Wages fixed Name of State/ · employments ra s, oer dav) T!nf en Ter.rt tory eovered Mia. Max. C eatnl Government 19 3.50 6~ 96 ~ 1. Alldhn PTadesh 28 2.50 6.00 2. Assam 14 1.54 6.00 3. Bibar 26 1.19 s.oo 4. Gujarat 23 3. 60 7.12 5. Haryam. 38 2.00 7.00 5. Ht.machal Pradesh 17 2.00 5.;00 7. Jam.mu & Kashmir 8. Kamataka. 21 2.00 5.60 9. Kerala 30 1.50 13.28 10. Madhya Pradesh 20 1.25 4.00 ll. Mahansbtra 38 0.97 a.so 12. Manl.pur 2 2. 00 4.00 i 13. Megbalaya 3 s.oo 6. 00 i l ,1 i 14. N apla.ad 15. Orlssa 13 2.25 s.oo 16. Punjab 31 3;al5 7.70 17. Rajastt.an 27 4.25 s. 00 18. SUddm 19. Tamil !{a.du 28 o. 62 1.50 20. Tr1pura 5 1.12 4.00 21. U.P. 38 2.31 a.as 22. West Beilpl 16 l.13 'T.25 Union Terntortes ~ 1.. Anda m;;n ~ ~Icabar 2 4.92 4. 92 2. Arunacha.1 Pradesh 3. Cb.andlg'ilm 22 S.25 7.50 4. D:uiar 9 !:ta.gar Have ll 1 5.50 5.50 5. Delhi 19 4. so 6. 75 5. Go:i. D:i:man & DI u l 4., 00 s.oo 7. I.'.lk.sh:uiwee D a. Pondl cherry l :J. 50 3.00 ~e: ltlnistry ol. Labour •  ..... -- -- ' ...... ·- - .,. ..... - 79 - .. . Table 3.4 ,.J ~.wnm~.r WAGES (PA y . \.'ID D L\R:;sss .-\LLG\\' ..\~;cq o~ CENTRAL AND ST.-\'fE GOVErrn:.tE:iT E:.!PLOYEES ~.linimum D.A. Tc~l Date cf S.No. Government pay wagu effect (P::ly + D.A.) 1. Assam 190. 00 49.00 239.00 1.3.77 2. Andhr:i Pradesh 165. 00 82.50 247.50 l.lO. 76 3. E.lhar 155. 00 96.00 251.00 l.4.77 4. Gujarat 196.00 88.70 234. 70 l.4.77 5. Haryana 170.00 89.20 259.20 l.l.77 6. I:ilmach.al Pradesh 170.00 89.20 259.20 1.1. 77 7. Jannu .k Kaslur.ir 17.0. 00 45.00 215. 00 1.4.77 8. Ka.mat.aka 250.00 NU 2so·. oo 1.1. 77 9. Kerala 196.00 106.00 302. 00 1. 9 .. 75 10. Madhya Pradesh 125.00 126. 00 251.00 l.4.77 11. Maharashtra 175.00 93.00 26.S. 00 1.5. 77 12. Manipur 190.00 40.00 230.00 l.3. 77 13. Meghalaya 190.00 60.00 250. 00 l. 9. 76 14c Nagala.nd 190.00 15.00 205.00 1.4 .. 74 15. Orissa 200.00 49.00 249.00 l. 4. 75 lS. Punjab 170.00 89.20 259.20 1.1.77 17. Rajas than 240.00 14.00 254.00 l.9e76 18 .. Tamil N~du 130.00 117. 90 24·7. 90 l.7.'l7 19. Tripura 170.00 31.00 201.00 1.4.77 20.., Sikkim 1'15.00 N ...\. 175.00 1.12. 75 21. Uttu Pradesh 165.00 ·97.40 262.40 l.l.77 22. West Ben.pl l 35.00) 07.00 237.00 l.4.77 + 15.00) 23. Cen.tral Govt. 196.00 11.2. so 308. 50 l.l. 78 Source: Pay Research Un.it, Deptt. of ~penditure. ~-4 --..~-·~---------- -----.....--..,.,------------ -·-· . --~ ...----· .. -- _______ .. ___ ----------------- ·- - - 80 - Table 3.5 TOTAL E~·tOLG~.fE~"!'S PER MONTH AT TH:S ~U."'i!~HJM AND :'V!.AXIMt::M OF SCALE rN D~FF:ERENT CRGANIS.AT!ONS AS IN JtJNE 19 77 (In Rupees) Steno s. Peon Driver Clerk (Lowest Gr.ide~ N'o. Orga.ni satiol'.1 l!!lll ~ .MiiJ ~ ~ ~ l!!!9 ~ra: l. Cectral Government 331 398 445 572 44S 632 478 767 2. ~ Gove1"!1ment (1) Ma.ha.rashtn 324 4:12 393 639 406 728 431 756 (li) U.P. 2~ 310 286 446 476 913 3. BEsr Unde~gs 440 525 470 525 480 915 4. L. I. C. 4.27 799 553 1006 496 1558 5. Banks (Na.tionallsed) 396 675 690 839 493 1546 6. Engineering 404 865 525 1212 527 2225 7. Pharmaceuticals 420 918 665 1082 108 2~3 a. Chemicals 4.88 986 630 1333 730 2164 - 9. Fabrication l& Forging 433 631 463 798 600 1428 10. Bombay University ~1 451 434 560 478 901 ll. O.N.G~C. (Debra Dun) l2. .B. H. E. L. (llhopal) 367 4-08 445 498 - 468 - 507 625 592 837 582 13. H. M. 'T. (Ba.nplore) 14. Hindustan Steel (Ranchi} ·U5 418 52S 466 - - 451 458 595 501 75S 458 696 758 lS. Heavy· I:ng. Corpn., ~anchi) 408 438 49~ 747 16. Trivem structurels, (Na.ini) 397 472 - 477 598 652 846 Ncee: Serial numbers l, 2(1), and 3-10 show emoluments at Bombay. Units at serial a.umbers 6-9 rel:lta to the private sector. Sou:ces: (1) The C:mployers 1 Federation of India, Bombay. (2) R.N. Ray: Paper 911 mit~ed t~ the Study Group on ~nges incomes and 9rices~ May 1978 (3) Data compiled by ch.e Study Group on ~ages incOllies and prices, May 1978.  - 81 - Table 3. 6: STATZMENT SHOWING ::MPLOYMENT .um PER CAPITA AVERAGE DAILY EA&.'1DTGS DI SMALL SCALE A.J.'ID ORG~rISED SECTORS - INDUSTRY - WISE: 1971/72 Small Scale Sector Or3anizea Sector~ E"'mploy- Per capit:a Employ- Per capita ment daily ment . daily s. earnings earnings No. !ndustrv ~000) (Rs.) (000) (Rs.) 1. Food products 114 3.27 706 6.52 2. Beverages 4 S.41 185 8.12 3. Hosiery and ·ready made garments 64 6.31 1511 9.40 4. Wood and wood products 74 S.73 98 6.49 s. Paper products and printing i8 6e68 219 11.90 6. Leather and leather products 23 7.23 44 8.09 7. Rubber and rubber products 69 6.60 114 16.20 8. Chemicals 142 5.20 283 14 ... 93 9a Non-metalic mineral products 184 4 .. 03 279 7.83 10. Basic metal industries 102 6.50 351 14. 72 lL Metal products 249 6.15 193 12.26 12~ Machinery and parts 118 7.76 379 13.55 13. Electric and slect=onic products Si 7.69 225 14.61 14 Q Transport and equipments 73 6 .. 83 306 15.31 l5e Miscellaneous 35 6.40 57 ll.47 16 .. Repairing and servicing job work 27 6 .. 87 231 11.06 17 .. All industries 1412 S.84 5349 11.36 --- Sources: (l) All-India Report on the Census of Small Scale Industrial Units, Vol. II, 1977. (2) Indian Labour Statistics 1976 . ~ote= * Relate to average of t:he last months of the first, second, third and fourth quarters of ASI census sector.  - 82 - Table 3.7 AV::::L\G.E WAG'Z RAT:Z o:: ~~..a::.:~'E:'l..3 ..~;:o L1TIS.\.:-1S m TIC c;c:\G~·:rsz::i s:c::-cn - to7G E.:nploymc:t A.r:cr~c w=t;'! :-.lt.e (fa ~s.) S.No.. · (Thous a.eds) per day a.i::cept when period soecHled 1. Carpets :md otl:ler floor c:t:rrerlz:gs 128 Weavers d. 58 to 9. 00 2. Art metllware 107 l) ..\rtisnns ll1 utensil making 5. 00 to 10. 00 U) .Artisans eagsged ln artware 1. 00 to 38. 00 3. Hand prtnted textt les 200 S.16 to 12. 00 4. E~rolderies and !h:lwla 275 ~es 7.50 to 15. 00 ~em.ales - 2. 35 to 7. ll s. Wood worlc: 20 l'Iaster crs.ftsmen lS. 00 to z:. 00 Craftsmen - 12. 00 to 16. 00 skilled wotkers a. ao to 12. ao 6. Gema 3lld jewellery 250 300 to ;?SO per censem 7. Imitatf.o:i jewellery 60 5. 48 to 12.33 a. Cane, bamboo and wtllaw work 500 75 to 408 per men.sem 9. 2otteriei1, cer.&mics ami terracotta N.A. ?.!en - 4. 50 to 10. 42 Women .. 3. 00 to 3,, SO Cbildren •; ::. CO lO. Handrnac!e laces and lace gooda 10 2. 40 to 4. 00 u. Toys and dolls N.A. s. 60 tD 11. 00 12,. Zart and =rt goofs 200 7.72 to U.85 13. !vory earrings N•.A. a. oo to 13. ao 14. .>..garbatfs 60 4. 00 ta 1. 00 15•. Artistic leathBr and tu ltema 5 ~ea. -.1. 06 to lO. 77 Women - 2.55 t:o d. 53 16. T:rtbal cr:ifta N • .A. 4. oo to a.so 17. Handlocma 9500 Rs. 65 per mensem. Soui:ces: (1) ~Jtn.lstry o! Commer:s: Report of the Commi~...ee an a:te Economic Coi:.til- dons of •.utis~ and C:-:Utsmcn E.;i;:ir-d Lo. ILl.:ldlcra.fts ~cto:-, Yol.!l,1~76. (2) ~W:S.stlng :md. ~:tam.gem.em !Jtgesc. V'ol. ~ No.1, October 1971. ·- ··~.... ---· .... ·--·. ···--~ ·-- ..... -··-- ...... .,,..,. ..----·.---·-- -~· ~·--- • ct - 83 - Table 3.8 D!SPARIT!ES 1N .~.vEnAGE ~.!CNTHLY EARNINGS IN SZllCT !NDGSTRIZSi:-5EC1'0RS (1975-76) Employment ...\ver:ige S.No. IndustryiSecto:r. (in thousands) month':; c".!rn.&11~3 ~s.) l. Food products rO~S 18-t 2. Beverages, tobaccr :u:ici tocac ::;;, ~roducta 224 196 3. Su~r 301 248 i 4. 5. Non-metallic mineral products Jute, hemp and mesta textiles ~n 253 333 416 I 6. 7. Jute mills Metal products 258 175 421 434 I 10. 8. 9. Cotton textiles* Wool, silk and systhetic fibre te."<tiles Paper and paper products, printing and 1071 169 442 443 I I publlsbing· 234 479 11. Railways - (1470) . - (527} I ! 12. Cotton mWs* 839 528 I 13. Paper mills 77 534 14. 15. Minerals and metals - coal Non-electrical machinery - (623) :?4.2 - (562) 567 I I I 16. Rubber, plastic, petroleum :ind coal products 137 626 I i 17. Transport equipment and parts 356(89) 640(909) 18. Basic metal and alloys 494 577 19. Chemic:il and chemical products asr 678 20. Electrical mecbinery 261 690 21. Iron and steel 252(162) 822(831) 22. Heavy en~neering - (123) - (823) 23. Financial services - ( 01) - (915) 24. Bank.lag - (341) - (1014) 25. Insurance - (81) - (1214) 26. Petroleum - (47) - (1211:!) 27. ·Tran.sport services • - {42) - (1555) * Relates to all manufecture of cotton te.."d:iles including cotton Ulills; serial No.8 indicates the position for the industry group as a whole while serinl No. 12 is con!lned to mill sector only. Note: Figures in brackets relate to public sector only. Sources: (l) Annual Report on the working of !Ddustrial and Commercial Undertakings of the Central Government 1976-77, Vol. I. (2) Indian Railways YeD r Book, 1976-77. (3) Annual Survey of Industries 1975-76. _.. ....  • - 84 - Tabla 3. 9 ST.ATE-WISE M:ONEY :::...\...tU1~1GS OF WOR...~~S PER ~!..~.m~OUR IN ASI c.-\C!ORY SECTOR 1970 t:o 1976/ii (in Rupees) Stace/Union Territory 1970 1971 1974/74 1975/75 1975/76 1976/77 Ac.dha Pradesh 0.78 0.87 l.09 l.14 0.94 l.05 Assan 0.56 0.60 0.76 a. 71 0.65 0.84 l.31 1.32 l.60 1.90 1.63 l.6i Biha.r Gujarat 0.94 l.18 l.39 l.64 1.54 1.48 Haryana 0 .. 90 l.05 l.12 1.38 l.25 l.34 lli:nachal Pradesh l.00 l.50 l.50 2.00 1.20 1.40 Jammu Si ~sbmir 0.66 0.66 1.33 l.33 0.33 LOO ~rnataka 1.02 l.10 1.39 l.59 Ll9 1.28 Ker ala 0.88 0.94 l.Zl l.30 l.24 1.29 Madhya Pradesh l.13 1.24 l.59 l.91 157 l.56 Ma.harashta. l .. 36 l.42 l.68 2.00 l.74 l.75 Ma.nipur ' 0.65 0.65 0~80 0.69 0.83 1.38 !'!eghalaya Q.30 0.90 1.10 1.26 Orissa l.06 l.05 l.45 l.74 l.61 l.68 Punjab 0.95 l.44 l.00 l.19 l.15 l.18 Rajastha.n 0.86 1.00 1.38 l.06 1.36 1.46 Tamilnadu 0.99 l.02 l.44 l.48 l .. 46 1.49 Tripuna 0.55 0.51 0.73 0.75 0.96 l.10 TJtt:ar Pradesh. 0.97 0.98 l.20 l.49 l.43· l.44 Wes1: Bengal l .. 12 l.43 l.71 l.81 l.il l.88 Andaman & ~ocolas 0.94 l.35 l.00 l.Z~ l.39 l.72 C!la.ndiga.rn Islands l.38 l.46 l.69 l.il l.49 l.50 Delhi l.05 l.20 l.58 i.~,o l.61 l.61 0.88 0.99 l.28 l.45 l.Si l.57 Goa, Dam.an & Diu. Pondic:hery l.04 1.22 l.92 l.88 2.l4 2.14 ~ ~ 1.50 .Ul !ndia 1:.9!. bl§. ldi Source: CSO, Annual Sur1ey of !!ldustries, Summarv ~esults for Factorr Sectorsz 1973/74, 1974/75' 1975/76 and 1976/77.  \" ... v~ll1i:"i~-;..,,:;.11i. lllh.1 J.tilllllll l\<trn.H.J ~1 .• Jhyt1 11 .1.·;;J<o:;h l'i.-;uksh 'J!.159 o.:rn 0.47 0.16 0.64 O.JO 0.42 0.29 0.45 o.68 0.42 0.46 U.4:> 0.44 0.48 o.58 1960 0.4CJ 0.41 0.73 0.6l1 0.37 0.44 0.32 0.46 0.74 0.43 0.411 o.5o 0.50 0.50' 0.61 1961 0.47 0.41 0.87 o. 7l 0.38 0.5! 0.35 0.53 0.78 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.5) 0.54 O.M 1962 0.!,7. 0.49 0.79 0.72 0.42 0.53 0.38 o.58 0.85 0.42 0.58 0.56 0.67 0.58 O.L6 1963 0.50 0.116 o. 91 0.72 0.41 0.59 0.37 0.63 0.92 0.62 U.60 0.56 0.69 0.58 O.b7 1%4 0.45 0.116 0.90 0.78 0.45 0.61 0.39 0.65 0.95 0.73 O.bl 0.60 U.71 0.6'.i 0.70 1965 0. 50 0.49 0.95 0.90 0.48 0.72 O.M1 0.82 0.99 0.69 0.66 0.66 0.80 0.70 0.02 1966 0.58 o.61 1.03 0.94 0.52 0.84 0.55 0.90 1.17 1.06 o.n 0.75 0.87 0.80 0.95 J!.167 0.62 0.64 l.15 1.07 0.64 0.94 0.66 0.96 l. 29 1.24 0.t!O 0.77 0.95 0.89 I.OJ 1968 0.70 0.63 1.42 l.15 0.70 0.94 0.74 · l.02 1.34 1.37 0.88 0.91 0.97 0.93 l. Ot1 1%9 l.09 0.60 l.Jl 1.17 0.74 1.07 O.tl4 l.12 1.27 1.24 0.95 0.% 0.99 0.97 l.ll I g 7ll 0.84 0.65 1.48 I.OJ 0.78 1.13 0.98 l.25 l.52 I.2l1 l.03 0.92 l.09 I.Ob l. 33 1971 0.94 0. 70 1.49 1.29 0.78 1.22 I.05 l.l7 1.59 l. 23 1.56 l.07 1.12 1.07 1. 70 1972 1973/14 l.17 O.tltl 1.IH 1.52 1.57 l.54 l. 71.> l.8d 1.70 I.OH l.48 1.59 l.Jl 2.UJ 19 ]11/75 l.23 U.ll2 2.15 1.80 1~57 1.76 l.45 2.11 2.24 2.04 1. 29 l. l l 1.61 l.61 2.15 ) 975/76 1.01 0.75 1.84 1.69 0.96 l.32 1.lli 1. 74 l.94 l.8ll 1.2~ 1.45 1.61 l.56 2.0J (i)J6/77 l. l l 0.98 1.89 1.62 1.18 1.42 1.44 l. 73 l.96 l.97 l. 28 l.50 1.64 1. 57 2.23 CJ• ...... NuLu: The uu9e:1 JHU- 111u11-holff glvcu in lalllc 3.9 for 1970 to 1976/77 cxcluJc c.:mpl1>ycr:> coulribuciou t:o &lruviJcuL l'u1l<I, iJCH:>lou, g&:utuit:y or :;iuoilur oL:ict· LcucflL:;. Ful· lhc 1mq1usc of <..0111p<.1d:;on 1.11Lh Vljuy Kd:;luu.& 1 !1 £Jgurc!I (~hlch include all LcucfJL:i) to1· Lhc pcrloJ 1959 tu 1970, Llu.:!lc fli;un:!l have been lnflatcJ 011 Lhc IJ,1.:;l:i uf poqi.11·Llo11s fo&: 1970. Sourcc:i; IYSY-1970: - - - ( l ) V ! j a y t:d:1h11a 1 H.11h1l<.1cl11l·l119 U.1i;c!1 Lu l11Jl1.1 - A llc1;iu11.J} Au.iJpl;;, DEOEl{ 1 Augu:>L 1979 (Ur1.1fl).  :;li;t,'ft10~ ~-·--·------------- - ~- .. - - ... * - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 01 ·r. "'"""· or.;: 99f. ';tr. 11<.r. lit l'JZ IJ!;'; !;9Z O'Jt OS'i ttC 61£ HZ fi~Z 6tZ tRZ Lll9l6t 'JP.<: u.r. 7.lf Zi'.t 067, 09l lt'l l'Jl f.'1t lt'I oot nz '19Z zsz ((!{ [!;(; 1Jl/H61 61r. 7.<;t ·1~r. nr. 91.l 69l 'Tl'! cot 0'1'1 • {!;'7 00'1 '10 nz !;6l ooz not Sl l':lf.1 rn;: u:r. 71'17. RI[ 9(,7. !:7.7. <;r.r. '1SZ f.'1[ 7.7.'1 osr. 'Jl'l Ar.7. R'17. c;(T. f.(j7. '71/({ljl - - - - - - - - - - - - - - lf.6( 'JZt: r.o: '1li'. '17.7. 'Ill ST.r. 'lll7. Sil SRZ AT.( U.7. llZ l07. '707. Ill c;r.T. lffil 607. IH7. f.17. 917. 'JIJ1 Sil {lf!7. !;OZ on 90[ l!;Z ttz 191 toz fiSt OIZ Ol61 <;r.t Sf 7. '7fil pr,1 7.61 (161 Rll7. llt ttl en ('Jl ooz UH fill 9'11 tl.7. 6961 '1111 Of.I 'JIH ';(,I 7.91 tRI r.1r. 11n en tr.z 'TIZ 691 091 SGI ';!;[ HI 91161 7.l I ll/1 Of.I '1Sl l91 flll(. 'Ill ooz 90Z 'JIZ Clt l91 9Sl 9!:1 SH l96f LSI 9q ""' ll'll 'lll OSI 091 l'1t. flSI RAI llf Hit 1'11 l'lt l'Jt 6';t S'll 9961 nu '7U o•;t O'll 7.tt flt I 0'11 'ltl II.I IJCI '191 on t'I( Or.I 07.f 1;7.1 S'lr.l '17.1 Stl {If.I l'll 01.1 Llt O!I fl7. t HI zzt r.tt ZZI zzt ttt Zit (If '19Gl Ii. I 011 !JH nr.t 7.11 S7.t ';';' 'IZ! tu '111 'ltl 111 Cit SZl Zit Sll t 9r,1 ROI llfl 'If.I Ztl Ill Rr. nt Ill 611 ozt 'Jtl CH 901 OZl 911 7.961 011 "" sot not i':Ol Ott not !Ht sot 011 601 9tf tot I It 611 001 Int 191JI 001 001 1101 OOI 001 001 001 001 001' OOf 001 oot 001 00( 001 001 O'Jlil £(, !;f; ')lj RR 7.f, IJ(, nr. i:fi •1r.. 1R oot r;r.. r.r.r.1 'r. Sfi '701 Sir ,, __ '!'"~"-''' "'i;:·To i,1 -·--- - - - - ·- --- ---· .,-,-.,.,._,,, t j1nr1-1·,'1 r1r=--r• 1,1 ··-~_;;- ~·_l_!_".~ JI_':__~~,!~- -·~-'~!:in·~-· r•1:r:~~ _lrr~·:''----~'.'".'.!~~1Tf r1f _ _ ~~~··_I __r_""._I_'.':'. __ ·- _.':._~ 1:1"nr•1rH .._~!~':!·. -__r I'' J ;-i )f '"I'' J1111Jr1' '9 "''"'"·r Jr.Jrf 'l!l Jr•11_!1 ____"~'.:F_r~~-~U~!.______ ll/fll(if 0 1 r.r.r.1 llO.t:1:tS Allll.1:1\'.I l!:v Ill llllllll-NVH 11::1.1 Sll:l~llnn .-Ill S:INHlll\'::1 A:ttlrll{ .m S:!t:1HlNf RSJM-:U.V.I.~ JI ·r. nt 11r.1.  'l'al>lu J.12 {a) CON:.illMEll l'IUCE JNll1'X NllHUElt::i C'Olt INllll:.i'l'l\li\I. IJUltKEll:.i: 19!>0-l'Htl ~/ (UU!ic; 1960 ~ 100) 1lu1·ya11.J ---- - - - - - K.1n1.1[.1k.1 Ja1iu1111 6. ------- -- --- Kc1·.;l.1 ----- MJJhy.1 - - - - ---·--- 11.JhJ;,,~hLl"J th"I - ~:iJ l'u11}1.J..1 i(....j~~;- -:,:;,;&j·-- mL-~-1:- --ij"._:- ;:r-UclM- __ A_l_l- - Cu}urJ[ l'ntJc!:;h Ka!ihmlr l't·adclill Na du l•a:u1Ju::1h llc11gi.1l India I llyJ rJL.ul) I 11qJ1•J1) ( J.1111:..h.,Jpud (/\h111c1l-•li.1J) ('J'.1111u111u11.•t;'.·•d ( ::il"ln.1!!,Ul")__j..:.:llcc.:.i.0:11.._r•;o.•.;..;l'.;..;11;,..::·..,:...:·)_ _,_(~/\..:..lw"--u:::..y<....:..,:;..,"). I l 11J • .H'c) ( 11 ..... 1... y) I A lun:r) _Jt1.Jro.1>l__!~(C.1 lc1111 ,,·,I lid I d · - - · · · · - 1950 t!O 94 till 67 99 u.a. n. 110 93 74 UH 99 97 71 li!.l Ill lil 1951 82 104 97 88 100 n.a. 79 83 102 79 100 100 104 72 92 90 85 1952 60 101 93 87 90 n.a. 79 83 91 HO 85 90 101 71 87 90 tll 1953 87 94 93 93 88 n.u. 78 84 92 86 us HS 97 76 ll7 till 6(, 1!>~4 82 89 85 82 88 n.a. 7l H4 85 us 82 88 83 74 84 88 82 1955 74 84 82 7J 82 11.a. 71 ll4 Ill 80 80 82 -78 69 81 83 77 H!>6 b8 94 l:lt! tl2 90 n.a. "/Ii tl8 9Z 84 t17 90 tl9 7H 90 U7 91 85 19 7 94 100 96 87 94 n.a. 86 tlli 98 88 89 94 9) lll 9'.l 9l 95 90 100 JO) 92 94 n.11. 90 91 100 94 94 94 96 87 ~9 97 94 94 19'.iil 93 1959 98 99 104 104 99 99 96 98 99 98 95 99 99 93 99 97 100 98 1960 JOO 100 100 JOO 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 lOO 100 IOO 100 1% l 1011 104 101 102 102 104 105 104 106 101 11)0 102 105 10'.J 101 101 10'.J 104 1962 106 107 105 104 104 108 108 106 111 106 I05 106 107 105 105 107 107 107 1961 113 112 108 107 108 117 111 109 113 106 no llO !Ob 105 109 112 Ill 110 1964 125 122 l 18 121 123 122 124 124 llO 116 121 126 120 118 l'.il 121 125 125 1965 137 us 133 129 134 135 139 142 140 124 133 136 130 132 }/15 128 134 137 l!lbll 1:>4 155 152 140 153 151 156 156 154 14 '.J 1'.>/ 151 147 141 150 1411 14 7 151 1967 165 189 181 167 186 160 169 175 177 158 169 177 176 150 170 159 168 172 1968 171 190 17!1 165 185 152 179 198 178 166 178 mu 176 151 111.. 171 178 177 1969 182 177 168 167 190 i57 182 196 1110 171 ltll U16 179 156 179 171 182 175 1970 188 188 181 175 19l 171 184 197 194 180 192 191 185 169 lli9 IHI 195 184 1971 l!.12 11J7 rns 178 199 177 193 198 202 Uiii 194 197 187 178 194 185 209 190 1972 205 195 197 191 212 184 206 212 212 198 213 212 206 197 207 194 2lli 202 1973 240 221 232 233 243 202 250 252 260 224 2U 238 244 221 :!37 Ho 250 231.i 1974 290 294 J1lu 294 314 218 305 322 338 275 301 310 315 2!H 310 279 32!1 '.J04 1975 322 320 299 301 326 270 3'.J8 369 347 30l 3:,2 328 316 ll5 311 :mu l36 l21 1976 30i 307 282 276 313 298 314 )2) lib 29!t 298 lib 294 2Ul Wu 290 328 2% 1977 332 331 314 305 344 318 344 3Ul 147 315 334 336 331 30ll 325 318 354 321 1978 342 338 319 320 358 330 337 l30 354 323 350 346 340 316 336 326 365 329 11.•Lc: .:i_/ "lloc luJlcc:i ill'c iur llu: ccllt"r::i 1111.IJcac"J 1111Jcr "'"ch ::1l.i.C"i howt.vcr 111 l:d:.lt: ol A:.,.J111, Kc111lu, tl:ulhyi.1 1•1·utlc::oh, Ul"l~::.J, fllll}.JI> a11J llal"y.Jll.J Ill.I :.udo lrnl1i:L·::o lul' tl1c •c11lcl'!l ill"t: avuilal>le foe Liu~ pcdoJ 1950 to 1959; lurnc&: :iimple 11veeagcs of all ce11tcr1J within Lhc st.ul:e ua:c glvcu. Since lluryau:\ was a pa1·t of olJ l'onj··b, Lhc iuJlccs uf l11111j·1l> have l><:cn r.:peai:.:J foe 1lary1rnu foe Lh.at period. 'the indlce1J avallal>lt: ou dJffenmt l>asc::i for the: pc1·iod 1950 to 19'.>9 h11vc L..:c11 &.:••1111c1·L"J Lo t.hc llui;c 19b0,l00. ~1111~ 1 .. l.&l>ouc llun::uu, l11Jia11 l.ullo111" St:utl:itJi::i, 1962, 2. C!lO, g;.tfsrli:Jl r.t.stract of T11dlt1, 196'.1. 3. Lal>our Uur.::.111, f, 1Jlnn I al•u11r Juurndl Aprl I 1919.  - 88 - Table 3.12 (b) CONSUMER ??.ICE L."IDICIES FOR nrnusnI.AL WORKERS (Base 1970=-100) :!.ar:,ana Gua, ;Jama Year aima.cha.l ?radesn (Yamunaraya) & D.iu !ripuna 1962 a. a. 53 n.a. n.a.. 1963 a. .. 2.. 56 n.a. n.a. 1964 ll.a.. 64 0.. a.. ti.a. 1965 n.a. 69 n.a. n.a. 1966 77 79 n.a. 83 1967 94 96 85 101' 1968 95 96 88 lll 1969 95 98 93 103 1970 100 100 100 100 1971 105 103 101 108 1972. lll 110 109 114 1973 123 126 124 121 1974 134 163 156 142 1975 162 169 172 159 1976 152 162 l62 150 1977 n.a. 178 n.a. n..a.·, 1978 n.a. 185 ll.a. n.a. Source: Labour Bureau, Indian Labour Stacisticg 1977.  '.!!!.!! l ..: ) :..!i: !:il'A'l'&::-WlSL': AtWUAl. HON&::'l &::AlHHUt:~ l•tm UOHKIHt ANO 'l'll&::lll lNUH.:t::~ (l~/U-lOO) in A!>l l-'AC'l'OU'i ::il!:C'l'O!.l ~l Jlc:a~~:·~!"~~.~1-~~t-~- ~;~~-=~~~---~~~n~~Tw~-~~~~fw.;ilf~riLtf~ __ i9i6l1;--~=~-~j~~==i-9l1 - ~~~~;:~·~cyJ~~~~--1-~ii1j:.~~=~~~~1u1~- AuJlirJ l'l'J"cl1 1450 lti9tl 1914 2057 2l2b 2:J4l 100 117 132 142 160 162 A:1:Hu11 1370 1558 1857 1179 1711 2121 100 114 136 101 125 155 lHl11a· 3151 3394 39iH 4381 5131 5536 100 100 126 139 161 176 Gujua:at 21t69 um 32'.JO 3599 4031 -4000 100 107 130 }.46 161 162 ll•IL')'JllJ 2195 2442 2929 3065 3889 4u21 100 111 133 141 p1 183 U. l'. nots 'J.121 3529 4000 4615 5000 100 118 151 171 WO 217 J &. K 1667 1667 2ti57 1077 2612 3000 lOO 100 171 i&5 151i 180 t;..i a 11.1L .1lu1 2256 2452 3128 3665 3"186 3810 100 109 139 162 lbU 169 1'c1·u)&.1 1696 1701 227l 2500 ~11'1 28111 100 100 134 147 115 171 H.P. 2675 20Ul 3511 5029 5025 5u26 100 108 131 186 ltHi urn &-h1liucu:;htri& 1229 J4bli '92&l -4743 526b )490 100 107 lll 147 lb) 110 H,111J11uc 1616 1654 1065 2171 22U6 2514 100 102 126 135 141 155 tl..:bla•1 l .1y .. 2993 2671 3994 4259 100 69 l)) 142 Od:1::1u 2i5J 1014 3616 L.58) 5556 5663 lUO 109 139 166 202 206 l'u11j.1L 2130 321j3 2619 2901 ll~J 1397 100 152 121 136 l5U 159 It.a j u :;1 Llaun 2091 Hb~ 1118 lll67 4167 4615 100 108 149 175 199 2:.W l' 11111 i 1 lfaJu 2291 2405 JOH 3668 415ti -4176 100 105 ll2 160 Hn lli2 ·ra:J 1m1·a 1228 1165 1721 1732 :W91 2ll6 100 Ill 140 lltl !71 190 u. l'. 2263 2405 2709 3144 3511 3411 100 106 120 1)9 !55 151 Hl!:il: llcu~al 2976 3147 4048 4694 5175 5524 ·100 112 il6 158 174 186 ..£) 0 AuJd~uu & NJcuLuc (:,;lunJ:. .2252 2216 2~1n 2ti51 4066 4213 lOU 9ti 115 127 l7tl un I Cl11111Jl ~aa:h 2845 3255 3503 4151 4497 4286 100 114 -121 146 l)li 151 Ui.: ll1l 2469 2727 3371 3451 56Ul 5119 100 110 131 140 22U 215 Goa. Oo.1u1..au 6.. Dlu 2202 2186 2920 3483 4115 5001.) lOO 99 lll 158 IY6 221 l'l11Jld1ca·ry 2323 2821 -4634 4147 5]7~ 4615 lOil l:ll 199 179 131 1!19 !!t~ .ill1 lill lIB ill.!! 4101 illI !QQ ill ill 150 It.iii ill ------------ ~; ll.:11&! flt :;I ucc UOt iucludl!lin ~ CSU, Annual Survc~ o!_ InJu:;1t·rJc:;1 - !iu11u11ac~ 1w~11lt 1i fol" a-·accoa-~ !iccto1-, 1973/74, 1974/"/'.J l. YH'.llJil lllU.l 1976/7!.  - 91 - Table 3 .15 STATE-WISE L'IDICIES OF REAI. E...\...1UiUIGS PER WQFT!'.ER IN ASI FACTORY SECTOR (Base 1970=100) 1970 1971 1973/74 1974/75 1975/76 . 1976/77 And ha Pradesh 100 115 103 92 94 101 Assam 100 115 115 65 74 95 Bihar 100 106 98 82 99 113 Gujarat 100. 105 98 87 95 10.3 Haryana 100 108 106 87 105 113 H.P. 100 112 124 112 123 143 J & K 100 96 145 133 100 103 Karnataka 100 104 k02 98 91 99 Ker ala 100 104 99 108 105 115 H.P. 100 104 99 108 105 115 Maharashtra 100 103 107 96 97 104 ~.anipur!/ 100 94 106 95 89. 103 Meg ha la ya!! 100 76 102 115' Orissa 100 108 115 106 J.13 133 Punjab 100 148 98 84 92 96 Ra.jashan 100 106 113 103 116 138 Tamil Nadu 100 100 101 96 94 101 Tripura 100 103 96 85 94 100 West Bengal 100 110 114 103 109 116 Andaman & Nicobar Is .. 100 n.a .. n.a. n.a. n.a .. n.a.. . Chandigarh b/ 100 111 98 90 93 93 Delhi 100 103 107 84 133 128 Goa, Daman & Diu 100 98 107 101 114 140 Pondicher# 100 119 152 108 120 119 All India 100 105 103 91 97 106 N'otes: ~ Money indicies have been deflated by consumer price inde.""<: in Tripura. y Money indicias have been deflated by consumer price indicies in Yamunanagar. sJ Money i.ndicies have oeen deflated by consumer pric:a indic.!es in Tamilanada. Sources: Tables 3.14, 3.12 (a) and 3.12 (b)  Tut.le ~; !il'A'l'l:'.-\11 !ii: AtlUUAI. MONEY 1:A1;111111;::i l'l:'.lt UOl~t:ll Iii C:tll Atlll A!il l:l::H!iU!i :i£1:·n.n1. l'J)O Lo l'J1(./1 I ( I 11 lt1111cc:.) --------·-----·--·----··---·-- ··- -·--------·-------------'--- l'J71 ..• - - l'JJ'J//4 l'J"/4/'J'.) l!ILO 1961 l'J6l 196'J 1%7 :;Luco:/lh1lon ·ro.:r1 I lut')' 19'JO -..;.~ •• ~ l',... .i·,,-~i. -- ----:1~·,-----c;ao---,35____Sis ____901--~----11112--·:iutr---101ff · 111J1·----12u1---rm---.-sl-6--;i~--- .. -· ·in'.l -i:i"u4 ---- lJ )Ii lJ)l l41il il,1, l II.-'·. I 'J4) 15CA A:1:11i.&1 641 !008 621 866 951 954 !1611 1011 J092 Ulhur llJl 1424 Ull7 l9!H l!n6 :l061 11!4 22n 2415 :!i;li:i :.!1169 2'J'J4 21J'J/1 11.... 1, nG 4116 1651 2655 2675 271!4 II.ii. )L:!tl 414 l Guj11r"c 1•.u. u.•. 1580 1510 lt.41 1705 11171 20'.18 2l2'J 11.uy.tt1i< u.u. 11.u. 11.u. n.u. ll • .&. U.M. 11.... 11 • .t. UI05 :.!iH4 20)0 2110 2211 11.a. :JO:\tl Jlll7 JlO 7)) lObl 1021 'J:JO 102'.l 120ll lt.'J I :Wlll 12:i:i :ntio 27t.6 II.II. 11. (•. 1516 1570 1606 734 626 1114 1193 6113 1111 1Jll7 "·"· J b. ~ .: .. ruULJKJ "-"· u.u. 11.a. 821 91~ 1094 11n 1281 l))!) 1110 l'J71 2115 2l7S 2550 11.4'. 599 926 596 61!4 1062 ll2i 1'J'J lOll l:.!l1l 1412 1652 ·l1li1 II.Ii. l(ci'"l" 124tl 2407 2626 2925 160 IHl 1095 llHi 2174 2502 l:iliO ll21 II.~. H.l'. 1641:1 174:> 2661 1151 'll74 1'Jll 3102 124!) l'.l56 11.u. lau'J!l H.. l,:u:.&:1l1L l·u llbO LU4 2130 1555 21:!4 .... 11.<I. ~l.11, U•"'• u.'A. 11.1.1. ll.il. H·•11l1mr n.a. fa.a. .. 1\.11. ''·"· 11 .... o.a. 11 .... II.Ii. u • .1. ·II.II. 1,71'!. tl..,~h1.11..1ya ll.4. 11.u. u.a. "·'*· 11.<I. "·"· "·"· u'"M. od:a:iu l'1111j..1l> 521 714 729 939 1042 1134 llBl 1244 2129 Ulli2 1617 1394 1771 'il52 12'J6 1294 26ll l6:i4 lO~>:I 1774 1306 1992 1640 2161 3001 22!)1 ...... 11.il. 4:.!~d :!.//10 :H:il 2204 ff.UI 41.l'J'..! j(.1111:1llt.111 Cl70 n1 ll58 UlO 17~6 1276 l:J)3 lt.4l l:tC.0 11})2 ll!LU 2145 2223 2151 2601 "·"· 11.u. 421.ill T.;iul I u.. Ju 714 971 1216 1457 2094 2240 396 431 394 535 'i:ll U5 ~15 llll. 1154 1622 11.41. 1910 'hl11u1:u u.u. 11.a. llii15 1145 1205 l15U ll50 l5lu 1465 :Ltlli4 21C.6 2251 lt.110 ll.la. U. I'. 765 11.u. 5020 1062 1340 1400 1528 1582 l740 1~15 225:.! 2546 271il 3150 n.11. llc"'l """IS"l 812 ........ n.i.. 11.u • l:i1U l:iC.5 IU)5 2202 11.1.1. II.ii. ... J. AuuJ ..111.&11 &. Htcul.a;,r cui111Jli;J1l1 11.a. n.1.1. 11.1.1. ll.4. .... ll .... ll.ll. II.Ii. "·"· II.Ii. u.a. ll 0 M0 2044 24L2 2492 ll24 II.ii. 'Jilt. 21n1 '.lldl .. .... 1390 1668 1151 1Ul8 1191 l!Jlli 2110 2266 2742 2706 11.11. :.11:lhl 1134 '!.'J~] 11.u. u.a. II.II. n.u. ll21i 1463 9'J4 2313 2:)01 2t,91 II.&. Guu, ll1tuaJll t. Ulu R.U. l'•)111ll cl1c 1 1 y R.u. 11.11. II.Ii, u.u .. 1152 12ll6 15£.2 1162 1770 :wn 19'Jl 2466 11 .... ~O'J2 ~: (I) )'J'.!0-l"JL~; IJ.:c .. ..ih 1 .. I, Tl•.: ::il1ua.:l111c uf i:: .. 111h1i;~_lu.l11J~~· l'lu1111l11~ 1:..H1kul:1:.luu:1 'l".:d111l.:'6l Uu1ldui; l'"l'Cl' llll. 8, July l'JJ4; cu1111•ilcJ tl'ulll Cc11,,1a!i ul mu11ul.1cL111ill!l l11Ju1olL)I 1~50 t. 1~56 uuJ Annu.&I Surv.:y uf l11duurlc:1 l'Jf.0 LO l~b'J. (l) l~/U·l'J1t./77: C:iO, Am111..il ::i111vcy uf l11J11:olrl.:• - :i11111u.11y l!Li.ull:a ... '.!:'-""'"" ~o.:Ll••r:. 1 l'Jf~!~~..!.'!l!!!l.2·  Tallie 3.17{.n) STA'l'E-UISE lNIHCl!:S 01" ANNUAL thJIU.'i Ii IHllllt:S l'trn l/UHl\1::1\ IN CMl MIU ASI Cl::NSU~ !H~C'fl)I( 1950 i:u 1976/77 ( 1960 ~ 100) YcJr ___A1~t.1T.r-a--h.:;-:;.~·-u11;.;;:--G"~r.;L-.-~-J7i.:-·--:.:.iruuc;;-.z;--~:---:i:-~---ti:1-;.--tw"1~.:;;-:;~1:t:";.:;----li"ri";:~:;----,:;,~,~j.~L'--1(;-j .. "1-1-;:;.----.r:;,;lli:;..a-;-;-~.,;,~rJ-- UL(:;-.-:----,j~,.-c--u~1--- 1•1·.1J1:,.1. - - - - - - - - i'["auc!lh Ucupul l~dl.i 1950 4l 102 62 11.u. 69 n.u. n.u. 100 69 70 50 b3 58 59 11.u. 67 61 68 70 1956 86 122 78 II.ii. 71 11.u. 88 155 74 114 70 83 63 80 u • .i. n.a. 81 83 86 1960 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 109 JOO 100 IOO 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1961 lllt I05 110 97 96 112 117 114 102 lfj) Ill 110 106 120 110 105 104 105 106 1962 123 115 106 104 87 152 189 181 199 161 204 166 155 172 100 15!1 114 109 llS 1%3 132 115 114 lOH 96 162 IJ7 llitl 228 173 157 ll) 110 184 135 llll Jlli 107 121 1964 120 117 116 ll'J 114 118 143 134 144 130 170 119 117 135 132 134 no 116 m 1965 1J4 125 125 130 no 129 137 147 189 143 124 114 109 150 211 128 ll13 l2l, Jl10 1%6 }t,7 132 133 147 159 152 188 169 194 161 253 146 140 162 214 156 1ss 136 1s1. 1967 lci2 140 148 168 196 189 210 208 205 176 297 156 161 176 231 lliO Hi8 149 !IQ. 1968 175 161 l'.>U 168 212 206 225 236 220 JIO ll7 176 186 ltil 2ll2 lli'J 190 164 lli1 1969 182 179 165 169 222 214 253 276 240 196 273 191 190 194 342 197 208 162 19J 1970 197 166 174 156 217 227 240 284 244 195 264 urn 181 188 :no 198 :m. 148 2q 1971 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.u. n.u. n.a. n.a. n.u. u.a. 1972 11.11. "·'"'· u.<l. 11.a. n.u. 11.a. n.a. u. a. l'J7J/7l1 304 2J5 2JJ no 317 173 :no 391 370 285 40U 242 297 284 Jl8 216 2UO l'J7l,J7'j 32lt 189 260 262 379 408 4lt7 443 472 313 4tl9 217 353 351 375 224 319° I •U w ~: Talll~ 3.16  - 94 - Tabla 3 .17 (b) ST..\!'!-W!SE L.'IDICIES OF .-U'lNUAL !-iONEY E...UU'i~TGS PE..~ ~.;OR..l(Z:R ~. ASI CENSUS SEC'!'OR (1970•100} Year !iaryana. ~nipur Chandigarh Goa, Daman ?o-nd ic~et:Y- & Oiu 1962 n.a. a..a. a..a. n.a. 58 1963 a..a. a..a. a..a. a. .a.. 35 1264 c..a .. n.a. a..a. 60 67 1965 n.a. n.a. n.a. 66 77 19.66 82 n.a. 72 45 76 1967 92 42 87 100 81. 1968 92 c.. a• 87 108 89 1969 96 169 88 114 86 1970 lOQ 100 lOQ 100 100 1971 a..a. n.a4 n.a. n.a. n.a. H72 1973/74 l.34 137 128 120 206 1974/75 140 147 l.33 144 181 Source: Table. 3 .16  t 'l'.i!Jll! l. Hl (ii); S'l'A'rE-WUil:: INIJICE!l OF ANNUAL lll:'.AI. EAltlHNl:S l'Elt UOllKlm HI cm AHU ASl CENSUS SEC'l'Ult 19~0 lo 1976/77 ( 1%0 ~ IOU) i _i_i ___K~ ru:t-.~i;r:;-1 ~ --u:t> :-- -f.I.";",~;.... :;a.~.-.--or 1;:~.-.- ...-;;-.1~~-A;~-;~:;-UJi;;;-r--~J:;-~L-- _ -.:.-.-.~I ~L ·- -iWI~ ~ c-1~.~--:r:;.;11.~~ --ih~ r- -ii:;;t:...ii.;.~;..-. .,..----.~:f1~ -- -··-x1 i - -- - - - Ycac Pi:aJc:;h l'rudc,;h - - · - - - - - - - - · - - f11JL_·1- - - - 1950 511 I09 70 n.u. n.a. 11.a. 125 74 95 61 £i4 60 83' b9 H2 1956 98 130 89 n.a. u.a. 113 176 80 JOO 80 92 71 103 n.u. 93 91 1960 100 100 ]00 100 100 100 100 ·100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1961 BO 101 109 95 108 111 110 96 102 113 IOU 101 116 104 103 10:! 1962 116 107 101 100 141 175 171 179 152 194 157 145 164 147 107 102 19bJ 117 }OJ 106 101 138 123 172 20i 163 Ill 112 l04 115 lOtl 10'.l 196/i 96 96 98 98 97 115 108 Ill 112 141 i.14 98 114 102 107 1965 97 93 94 101 96 99• 104 135 115 93 84 84 114 BU 112 1966 95 85 88 105 101 121 108 126 lll 161 97 95 115 l0!1 IOU 1967 98 74 82 101 118 124 119 116 111 176 88 91 117 lOb toll J%8 102 85 91 102 116 126 119 124 U3 178 106. 121 107 111 92 lOJ 1969 100 101 98 101 136 ll9 141 lll 113 151 107 124 110 122 89 llo 1970 105 88 96 89 131 130 144 126 108 138 98 111 105 123 7u !!~ 1971 n.u. 11.a. n.a. 11.11. n. a. n.a. n. a. u.li. n.u. n.u. n.u. 11.u. n.u. n.u. 11.a. n.a. 1972 l'JJJ/74 1 :!7 WC 99 lUS 148 1.55 142 127 175 101 122 129 108 147 86 119 197l1/15 112 85 89 171 147 ll7 140 114 162 89 112 125 98 IJ4 69 I~ ~: '1'<11..Jc J.17 (u) & 3.12 (u)  - 96 - !able 3 .18 (b) STATE-WISE ~mICI!S OF A.\WAL RE..U E.i\R..~nTGS ?ER ;ol'QP... ':(Z."!l L'I ASI CE:TSUS szc:oR (1970=-100) '!aar t1.ar~1ana 'A • al .:.anipu:- C!i.andi;gasn2/ Goa, Daman - ?oncii.:her'!.":··~.: I & Diu 1962 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 94 1963 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 39 1964 c.. a.. n.a. n.a. c..a. 96 1965 o..a. c..a. n.a. c..a. 99 1966 !.04 a..a. 91 a..a. 92 1967 96 4Z 91 ll8' 91 1968 96 n.a. 91 123 100 l.969 98 164 90 123 93 1970 100 100 100 100 100 1971 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a .. n.a. 197Z 1973/74 106 113 lOZ 97 157 1974/75 86 104 81 92 109 Noces: !I Indicies money earnings have been deflatad. by con.sumer price indicies in Tripura in the absence of consumer price Index for Manipur. ~ !ndicies of money ear.:iings nave been de.f lated by consumer price. indicies in Yamunanagar in the absence of conSW11er price index for chandigarh. c/ Indicies of money earnings have been deflated by consumer price indicies - . in Tamilnadu in the .absence of consumer prtce index for ?ondicher-ry. Source: Table 3~17 (c), 3.12 (a} and 3.12 (b)  Table J.19 (<1): ~fATl~-WI ::il'. l'l::lt t:Al'J"l'A AHtlllAI. MUNI::\' 1':/\l:NJNGS 01'' lH.U l·:ACTUHY llllltKEl<S 1947 lll 1974 (in us.) -- UJj.J:.Lliull ---- II. I'. --- l/i.:~L - - - - Al.I. j l.. 1' ---- A11Jr:.i A:1:...1111 II. p. De ltd luc.11 u l'r..i.Jcsh J,c:;::l tl1o1n Its. 200 560 97 licl· Hut1Lh 11.u. 494 628 11.u. ()/] 11.a. 1974 n.u. /'j6 810 u.u. 878 n.n. 572 !)t,J 984 11.a. l028 n.u. 8/12 .727 1210 11. a. 527 659 II.LI. 99) 11.a. 1949 u.J. 1059 n.u. 1062 n.a. 937 591 1170 11.u. 681 771 n.u. 93] 11.4. 1950 u • ..a. 1019 1018 1241 u.a. 1293 u.u. 862 665 1271 11.u. 762 756 11.u. %0 11.u. 1951 11.u. 1953 728 1265 1473 11.a. 1280 n.a. 919 822 1346 11.a. li74 i9l 11.11. 1054 11.a. 1955 l>lO lJ25 138U n.u. l'.J45 u.a. 998 lU45· 1326 n.a. li99 976 1000 llll 11. a. 1174 1956 595 1526 1236 11. U. 1467 736 982 950 1410 853 949 991 1014 ) )!12 II.ii. 1187 1958 708 1223 1283 u .. u .. 1330 801 1217 1079 1458 10611 !HH 1212 1103 1199 11.1.1. 1285 1959 885 1607 1359 n.u. 1345 %5 1212 u.a. 1500 11 .• 1.1. 1076 766 l l 'J/1 1226 11. U. T:uo l!JGO 823 1370 1 ]')!, n.u. 1623 1511 960 1211 1294 1620 ll07 1090 899 ll'.J4 12tl5 11.a. 1385 1%1 lOUO }:l]t, n.u. 1617 1531 1118 lb52 }l11l 1609 l'.Utl 1154 lllO 7'..10 l:Wl 1:110 11. !I. J4H l~l1 ] :l/,9 1243 11.J. 1613 1586 1138 1685 1468 1732 l/139 1292 ll92 1286 1279 1350 11.u. 1!179 1%4 1097 1145 n.u. 1756 1757 11411 1789 1379 1762 1518 1292 l'.H6 1)52 1394 1!1 LY 776 1522 I.cs:; cha11 H:>. 400 pt.:i: 111u11lh 1517 11.u. n.a. 1407 839 n.u. 1198 1540 n.a. 11. a. ll.J.. 11.u. l llotl 1257 11.u. HSU u • .i. 1722 1851 n.u. 1434 972 1261 n.a. 11.u. n. a. lltl5 l298 11.11. 1959 896 1677 u.u. 11.1.1. lt.05 "·"· 1960 941 1574 1778 n .. u. 1689 n.a. 1628 978 1345 1367 1757 n.a. 1105 n.u. 11.a. i:no IJ69 11. u. 1961 1149 1599 1856 1288 1702 u.u. 1655 1152 1816 1465 1775 1375 ll80 1174 761 l '.U.ili 1410 n.a. 1962 1152 1393 1748 n.u. 1764 n.u. 1819 1208 1973 1563 1867 12U4 1336 12511 1360 1390 l41.i4 II. a, 196) -.·no I59U lU82 1714 u.a. 1736 1226 18% 158) 1920 l'.>70 1377 1266 13]4 l57t! 11. u. 1964 1168 1631 1.7!19 1888 11.a. 1961 1256 2011 1508 2031 1696 1786 1418 1412 16% n.u. 1965 1261 lll61 1995 2136 n.a. 2196 1402 1828 1910 2242 191.4 llilH 1642 1575 1867 n.a. 1966 )!154 2130 2050 2115 2340 1712 2321 1724 2118 2032 21180 Hl40 2000 1636 1412 2024 978 1967 1601 2097 2196 2663 2064 2499 20!9 2:.108 220!1 2676 1758 2325 1659 Ul82 2175 1%U Hnu 2llJU 2429 2696 221~ 2788 212) 1519 2346 28Zb 22!.14 2Jll lb!IO Uj)l 2l'jJ 2Jl:l2 2473 1969 2088 2'.140 24811 2643 2436 JOU 2467 2939 2442 2901 2088 2141 2070 2003 2200 2675 IUOS 2591 1970 2117 2363 2712 2820 2616 2845 2419 2912 2583 3030 21ilil 2899 2159 24!.12 2293 27ul 1630 2725 1971 1929 2178 1972 2!.30 2481 26JO 2848 3047 2555 lDS 2860 3'.l90 2409 2tll4 201.il 197:l llllil 2!149 2539 2849 3'.193 J229 2788 3115 2li24 2871 3321 ?.467 3229 2867 '3b51 22!16 3111.i 1974 2603 2457 2176 3343 2670 3276 2957 lli92 2759 27t,9 3303 2577 3229 3091 3US6 27t!5 31Jl !.iuu•·..:0.::1: (1) Nulion.il (;uuu111::;:1io11 on LuLou1· (2.) Stulisi:.lcal Ab:.Lr.u;c of lnJh 1970 (3) l11Jlim I.i1bu1tl." SltilisLics, vui:lous i:rnues.  ... - 98 - Table 3 .19 (b) : ?:::R CAPITA DAI!.Y E..-\RNI~GS OF ::::MPLOYEES 2..-LtUII~iG LESS !EA..'i ?..s. ~00 PER :10NTR I~ DL3, FACTORY SECTOR: l9il t:o 19i6 " SL. No. Stale/Union .. ~ T~tory - 1971- . 1972 ?i:t 1973 ' Ca~11a D~y -i.=...Jrnin~ 1974 c:.:.; ~) --, I97S 1976(Pl'i]l_ • g 9 10 11 12 13 _ J Andhr.J Pr:i.di::sb . • 7.02 7.76 3.13- 3~J4 10.lil 10.~i % Assoini . . . . • • .5.71 5.44 S.62 6.J8 7.54 3. ., J nin.ir . . • • s.n s.-47 3.~~ 1 ..~-' 1.21 1.s. 9 9 ·1 4 Gujara.l . . • 9.JO 9.34 11..SS 9.68 JO.OS 1.S.9 S H.J.ry:ina • . . . 8.41 9.64 9.86 J0.70 Jl.-'S J%.73 :J 5 Him~c;l'!:ll Pl"ldi:sh . • . • 9.17 9.17 lJ.:10 JO.J2 ~.46 !'-l.A. % 0 7 J:immu & K.ubmir • • • • S.91 7.41 i. ii' 9.~ 9.36 12.Sl > 8 K.lmlt.:ika • • • • • !.66 8.79 9.23 9.94 9.40 16 . .90 z 9 11:cr:il~ • • • • • • 7. Ol 6 . .36 1. o~ 9. or 8 . ..;2 J7.04 JO M:idhy11 l't:de"ib • • • 9. bl JO . .:O J:?. 17 J.?.C'-5 J,2.6.S .:o • .sO ~ :: II ~t~h;ir:i\IUn. • • • .rn.:o J0.7.2 JJ.jO Jl.77 JJ,79 11.0: 0 I~ Ort'~ • • 'I.CH JU.I~ 9.6.S 9 ~J JJ.67 11 • .i.: c: tJ l"l.::i,~~ . • 1.6"& • s 06 s.,'i 1 • .s.& 9.9-C JJ.16 :II U ~.1,.1-:~.an J.S T.i:n1l ~.aJu • • • • • -.Jf l . .S! 9.1'.H ".07 9.9! 7.G$ Jl•lC6 ~ ot. 9.90 ~.77 J.S.~S JS.O! c ,. c: If. 1r·~·.Jt-I • • • • J.'7 J.~" J 4.! .a 9! f, ..UJ S .~~ .,,. J7 l '!LH l'r:iJ::-·11 . • • ~ JJ I .iu 9 o• JO ~ 'I. <JJ J.: r.O > 11! '-'•"' llo::1~.i.1 . • • • 10 O.l IJ ::.'! JJ ""1 lJ f~ f1 X.l 19 1'1 r- 141 An.J.un•" A. Stt.i.•~·.ir H~nJ\ . . 1 l./'f 7 tr.r ft :!J Jrl 41 10. 7' I\ 1.S ~ J>clh1 • • • • • • 9 . .S!C Y.'1'.J IU<•I 1.11 11.'.'4 1r.r.1< :J c;~ . • • • • 7.Jl 1.'IU :it~-' 10.Jl 11.:!7 16.~ :! l'"nd~hcrry ~.~S • • All ~~c: ~1:tc!ti:i;cn Territori~ • • • 9.08 . 1.$7 9.6? t0.06 10. to l l.<•'J 10.52 . 15.98 I!. 67 - tO.CiO 15.4) --:-r"-:iu~hn~ c1i1~j,,~~1nl>d~.:i°~r1~7,~luJ&n~ lh~ IR R:l1l;:;).\\7'°ri'~hti:1r"o - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ( P)- Pro,;-.i•.,n:aL I I 1' :I 'l I ai·Rcba~ to "or:.·:r' d~win~ l~t 1h:n R.s. J,ewl> ~ mnftth. - N.A. Not ~,o;iil~bla Basic Source: Annual ?ecurns received from the States and Union Territories under che ~ayment of Wages Act, 1936. Source: Indian Labour Journal, September 1979.  1, '1".1Llc ).20: ii'l'A'l't::-\HSE lNIHCES OF l'l~ll l:r\l'ITA AHNUAl. !{EAL EAHNfNGS (IF UJ.11 FAC'Wl<Y \KlltKl~lt:l 1951 Lu l9'/l1 (1%0 "' 100) Ye.Jr A11Jl11·.1 llih.Jr II.I'. J £:. I\ ti.I'. Ori :.:;.J l'1111juL T1.1111l l111H.lu l_l..aryullJ llll JI" lk:.l (h:lld All 1'ru.Jd1 l't"adc:.;h 11.:uga·I I 1\lll a H51 11.a. n.a. n.u. 11.u. n.a. 11.a. 70 114 11.a. 71 II.ii. litl ti) 9li .!@ 1952 11.a. 11.a. 11.a. u.a. n.a. 11.a. n.u. u.a. n.a. n.u. a. II. n.a. 11.a. 11.11. ''·a. II.a. II.a. 11.:;i, 1953 102 99 112 n.tt. 11.u. 11.a. 11.u. n.u. 85 97 95 111 II.Ii. ti) n.u. 95 87 95 94 19:if1 n.u. n.u. ''·"· n.a. 11.a. 11.a. n. a. o.a. n.a. n.a. u.a. 11.11. 11.a. II. u. II.a. U_.d. "·la. a. II. 11.b. 1955 IOI 116 ltU 11.a. n.a. 11.u. n.u. u.u. 102 114 104 132 II.Ii. 117 11.u. 110 ~8 107 109 1956 82. U9 102 11.a. 11.il. n.a. 104 88 81) 105 lOO 122 103 95 n. a. J02 lOb !Q! 1957 II.Ii. n.a. u.u. 11.a. n.a. n.a. 11.a. ll.ii. n.a. ·n.a. n.a. 11.a. n. u. ll.li. II. a. II. U. a. 11. 11.u. 11.a. 1958 92 89 91 11.a. ll.ll. n.a. 115 92 100 100 95 145 116 'J6 n.a. 97 97 93 99 1959 110 118 98 11.u. ll.11. n.a. ll.4&. 102 101 96 104 116 109 n.a. 11.a. ~9 101 88 97 1960 100 100 JOO 100 u.a. 11.11. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 11.u. lllO 100 100 100 1961 126 117 105 98 n.u. n.u. 110 112 ll'J % 101.i 121 lOb n.u. 103 101 !Q! 1%2 n.u. ll.U. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.a. 11.a. 11.a. n.11. 11.a. 11. a. n.u. 11.a. 11. a. II. J. "·a. 11.u. n. a. 1963 lJ4 81 95 93 11.11. u.a. 117 109 123 101 110 ,2) 143 108 102 94 94 lol 1964 107 75 84 89 11.a. n.a. 111 97 114 94 115 116 Ill 90 "·"'· II. A. 92 91 92 91 •O 1951i 11.a. 109 Ii) u.a. 11. a. 11.u. 95 n.a. 94 n.u. 11.a. 11.a. 101 11.a. % 'JU 96 1959 97 119 90 n.a. n.a. n.a. 101 II. J . 93 n.a. 11. a. 11.a. · 99 9!.I JOl 96 '" 1960 mo 100 100 100 n.11. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 11.11. JOO 100 100 1961 117 98 103 99 n.u. 95 113 )27 98 107 98 95 104 11.a. 104 102 100 1962 116 63 94 100 n.a. 87 117 132 100 115 101 167 109 11.a. 109 101 103 1%3 125 91 98 95 n.a. 101 115 125 103 tot, 91i lb5 110 II. a. 110 103 % 1964 99 85 33 92 n.a. 99 104 115 100 134 96 155 94 n.a. 98 102 96 1965 98 88 84 98 u.a. 102 101 97 103 128 lOl 159 106 11 ..... 97 "!07 LOl 1966 100 67 76 99 100 66 113 102 99 115 92 126 105 100 101 101 97 1967 103 71 66 94 76 118 97 96 125 80 141 108 99 9b JOO 91 1968 114 71 79 'J7 93 110 141i 97 119 75 138 114 108 lOJ 102 96 1%9 122 84 li3 94 117 83 129 121 96 107 95 147 115 115 102 l ll1 102 1970 120 80 6l1 95 96 114 126 112 9b 137 % 177 ll2 121 lOO Jl 1 90 1971 107 74 62 94 109 125 112 92 125 87 175 106 110 Yl3 109 Ii l 1972 126 61 75 90 115 95 123 111 91 152 'J7 JUO 106 120 102 l'.10 116 19'll ID 71 62 66 114 611 ll3 !H llH llli 174 94 111 lOO 124 107 1974 96 )) 40 54 120 66 94 86 69 71 135 72 99 tl2 J()l 87  't'alll" ).2!: ltlllU!il'lfi'-Ul~t: AVt"<At.;t:: t::AllNltU::> lH' 1•t::ll llAlllll)lflt IH A:.:1 1.klllKl~ll!l FAt:'l'Oll\' ~t::C'l'OH: l!.1'.1!.I l,u l'JJl.J/11 (ln j(Ul'&:ll:i) l11J11dlry l'J~9--a~f6o 1%1 1!162 l':ltil l91J4 1;;b-s--1-;c;61%-:-,---l!.IUU · - --f.jc:.-~--a'!iio--1~11---.-'J-;fhi.-a~f,J1.;.. "'1':l1s/ iu-- · ·a·j,.;m- ·----···-------·-- ll.•. t"ouil l'i:uJucLll ilUJ culJ dlOCUiiC Ucvecui>"• 'l'ul>.:cco E. 'l"ol>acco llC0Joct11 'l'o;.Clli: £iud 1'cxs:i le va:·oJuct:l 0.16 0.34 0.58 O.lti 0.16 0.£2 0.42 0.41 0.57 0.41 0.40 o.n 0.42 0.49 O.Jl 0.44 0.52 0. 74 0.4t& 0.54 0.84 0.51 0.61 0.94 n.u. u.11. "·"'• 0. 7tl l.02 O.u'J 0.112 l. ll 0. 74 0.9~ 1.15 0.tlO l.00 1. :l1 O.'J5 0.8~ l.£2 O.!.ltl 1.0t1 1. tl4 0.':ll, O.\IU l. tlli ...... 11.u. 11.ll. UooJ .iauJ tluL"l 111:oduct:6 0.48 0.52 0.51 0.57 0.65 0.62 o.oa 0.80 11.M. O.lil 0.9l 1.01 1.09 1. 27 1.14 I. 29 II.ii. J) WuoJ l''"uo.luct:t t:xc~pr luu1J Lure (0.15) (0.16) (0.41) (0.19) (0.40) (0.44) (0.47) (0. 51) l\.11. (0.Gl) (0.60) (0.66) 11.•. (0.tl]) (O.tl!.I) (!Lill) U.i&. U) Ul fua:ullul'I: (0.51) (0.6l) (0. ~6) (0.£3) (0.6)) (O. ll) (0. 72) (0. 8:1) (O.~l't) ( l. 22) ( 1. I~) u ••• ( 1.12) (I. 64) ( l. l2) a. (G.64) (0.tl~) "·"· (l.00) II. 111) Ho:L1.1l ,11.-oJu.:l" 1111J i>i&Cl:I. l'ali.a· 1111J 1'u1•a:r vc0Juct::1, l'ri&ll.:111~ (0.51) (0.56) (0.56) (0.61) (0.£11) (0. 75) "··· (0. 95) (l.15) II. a. (1.41) ( 1. 411) ( l.t.~) 11. u. imJ AlHcJ l11Jui.tdc:1 J) l'"l'"a: &uhl l"'l'ca: &11·o..1JucL1& JI) trl11Ll1111, l'uLll-1.lull .iauJ Allii:J 0.51l (0.54) 0.)1 (0.5)) 0.66 (0.62) 0.61l (0.63) 0.10 (0.,4) 0.14 (0.69) &UU (0.72) l.Qtl (0.16) 11.•. 11.11. l.O~ lO.%) l. 19 (l.05) 1. 25 (1 .. 15) ... .l.14 l. :i9 (I. 51) I. '/U ( 1. fi9J l. ~" (l.la4J .. .... II • .&. (O.bO) (0.60) (0. C:.11) (0.10) (O. Jl) (0.71) (0.tl)) ( l. ll) ( 1. H1) (I. 21) (1.12) o.ii. ( l. 61) (l.11) ( 1. til) u.11. lnJ•l:iLdll:i 0.51 0.52 0.61 0.66 0.!16 0. 76 "·'· O.lh1 0.92 0.96 0.9!! 1. til l.bb I. :n 1.1!•.llhcr u111l fu;r pa:oJuct:I llul.l>a:r 1111J illlu:r 1tuH1ufuLL1ului;. 1n4.it:. 0.46 0.67 0.49 0.68 0.66 0.16 O.IU 0.8b 0.92 0.97 "·"· u • .a. l. :..'5 l. 34 l.42 l. 51 l.Ul 2.0S l .11(1 11. '· 11.·1 . 1) ttul>lio..:1·, pl11:1l lc, l'ctrolt:Ulll .iand co1&l aicoduct:. (O.IUi) (0.90 ( l.00) (l.Ol) ( l.07) ( l. 11) ( l. lit) ( l. 21) n.11. (I.~~) ( l. JO) (l.60) II. a. (1.%) l :.t. 111) l L~J) 11 .... " ) Olhcc ..... uufilCLu1 l1115. i11'1u:1Ld~u Clu:u.lc1&l IU1J Clu:"'I 1:111 iiroJuclli tluu·tl"& "l llL: Hl11a:c11 1•l"uJucL&1 (0.49) 0.65 0.41 (0.1.9) 0.62 0.41 (0.56) 0.16 0.41 (0.55) 0. 78 0.47 (0.59) 0.84 0.51 (0.64) 0.90 0.55 (0.11) <:. 94 0.60 (0.12) 1.05 0.6b ..... u.11. ll.lA. (0.~7) l. 'JO 0.71 (l.Ol) I. u 0.62 ( 1.11) l.43 O.B5 11.•. 1.61 O.B9 ( l.62) 2.02 l.16 ( l. Uli) 2.ll I. 36 (l.64) l. Ill I. 22 11.u. 11. 11.a. ~ • u.... ac KuL .. l• uud Al1oy" 0.79 0.80 0.7!1 0. 76 O.H o.~1 I.OS l. 22 11.&1. l.4t. l. 52 l.69 l.11 2.10 2. !iii l. !JU 11.a. Huu-l::la:cl1·a.:ul H.u.ld11Lry 0.11 0.60 0.61 0.69 0.72 o. 78 o.~l l.02 II.IA. l. l~ l.ll l.19 l. 55 2.00 2.25 l.114 11.ll. ~l .. ctclc11l Huc~lna:a:y o.6a 0.68 0.76 0.11 0.86 0.91 0.99 l.11 11 .... 1.lt. 1.47 l.61 l.11 l.98 2.l,'J l. ll~ 11.11. ,.. ·r11111:.l•u1& i: .. uJl1111c11l 0.76 0.11 0.92 0.90 0.95 l.05 1.09 1.27 1\.11. L50 I. S6 I. 76 l. 91 2.25 2.L2 2. 24 II.ii. () 0 i::lo:culd&y, t)U:i 1111.J :ac .. ua 0.51 0.59 O.t.9 0.59 0.56 o.o 0.5l 0.62 n.u. O.li4 0. 71.J 0.76 o.n l. 2 l l.117 I. 17 II.ii. U.1tcr IJl.Hklll :.m.a :illl'l'ly 0.51 0.48 0.54 0.51 0.50 0.51 0.58 o. 6l, "·"· 0. 71i O.liS 0.61 l.06 1.12 l.4L l. l ~ II.II\ ""•''-'·· ...... licrv1co:&a O.!il 0.54 0.61 0.61 O.t.7 O.Jl 0. 71 0.8b n.•. l.Ol l. JO l. 20 l. l l l.11 l.';j) l. ll':l II.Ii. ~!.!...l.!!:!!!:!.U.!~ ~ !!~ ~~ ~ !h1! !hll !!:!!! !!:.11 Ll!!! !:.!H. !.il !.d! !:JQ l.t.l !:Ii~ L~~ !.:!.!! - _____.. ____ --· ...... - - ·----·----- -· ~~; U·•1aLv vuluc ut lic1u.:U1..:1 or 1•1 lvl l.:i;..:.a llOt tavuUal>lc fco.>111 :i1U1U1111&L"Y l'1::6Ult.:t tu1· t .. 0.:1.oa:·y 111."&: 111.:ClOI' fu1· ..... ., 11&:1Jo..1J 1%1 lo l'J1b/11. lien..: a: UV&:COl1;1! 1u111ual canllUU:i l11avc l1'-!cU u.JjubL.,J l''"l'oa·r I uu"L" ly f<I( lhc l't:rlu.J Oil i:hu b•ul :t ~f 1966 J.&Lil. 1) 1!.1!>9 to l'Jli6; uf· luJu:.crla::a~ 1 1 l!l'l'J- t!Jt.t. lu1· ~ .~!!..!... ~~~~· ~~- CSU, AuuuHI :iLJ&Vc~ Ll"ll:Jll:J ~l!LlUl"i kL lLlllllll I :.:J111 2) l!161 t<> 197b/77; C:>O, Anlluill ~Ul~U'4!¥ uf (11Ju:£Cdo::£ ... Suu1.u1c;i llc:mll• foa: t',1CLdl':i S&:cto1· 1 1%7 lo l'J/1>/[L.  Table 3.22: 'fNUll!i'l'ttY-IJJ!il:'. lllllll:E::i 01'' AVl-:itAGI:'. ANNUAi. EAttrHm;s lW \/OltKEl<!i 1'1:'.lt tLl\tlllOUlt IN A!il l'r\Cllll:'I' !:iECTOlt 19'.19 (u l'J7t;/77 (1%0 100) - . -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- ------------·-- l1;J11~ 1959 1960 1961 l'J62 1961 l'Jp4 l')ll~ l'Jbb l'J67 J'..luU .. --~ l'J70 1971 l'J])/74 ,__ .!2?!.!l~-- _!'.JJ'j/7(1 l'J'Jb/77 t:ood 111uJuL:l:. u11J cold :itu1«1gc 100 IOU 117 114 117 122 133 151:1 o.u. 171i l'J2 206 212 2b4 272 261 11.a. llcvtaugc, 'l'ub ..u::co & ·roLucco pi:-0Juc1::1 94 100 114 111 lJh 144 l~O 175 11.u. 217 22d 275 27ti 247 21!';1 150 11.u_ '1\.:Kl I le auJ tcxlile pr:oJuct:i 94 100 108 115 118 119 115 152 11.u. J(,5 179 Hl5 205 261 2'J7 313 n.a. ~/ooJ auJ HcL..il 111·uJucL:J 92 100 102 119 125 119 n1 154 n.a. lb7 179 198 2.10 244 25tl 2/,tl II. a. i.) uood pl:"01lucl:i ex.: cpl fur:nlturc (97) (100) (11'.J) (108) (lll) ( 122) (1:.11) ( 14 7) 11.a. (Hc'J) ( 11.i/) (UH) II, U. ( 2'12) (':!.Ii/) ( 22'.'l) II. u. Jl) All fund LuL·c (85) (100) (90) (102) (IQ8) (ll8) ( 116) (134) n.u. (150) (197) ( 192) (95) (11!10) (100) ( 109) (114) ( 121) ( 1:.14) (159) 11. a• ( 170) ( 179) (205) n.u. ( 2~2) (:!L!1) ( 25'J) llo.J. 11 j) Hct ... J l'ro.J11ct:.1 ..iud 1mrt:1 l'llpcc unJ l'"l'"'r po::uJw;t:;, pdl\lialg auJ J)llcJ 111.Ju:itclt::i 102 IUO 116 119 123 130 11,1 189 11.a. J'J 1 20';1 219. 2]~ 27'J 2~U :no u. a. (102) (100) (ll7) ( 119) ( 121) (!30) ( lJ(;) (147) 11.u. ( llll) ( 198) (217) 11.u. ( 26'J) (Jl'J) (272) n.a. i) t•upcc uuJ pt1pcc pcoJuctu H) 1·1·i 11LI II~. p11Lli:.l1l11i; and (WO) (100) (113) ( 117) (.112) ( 128) ( 142) (222) n.11. ( l~.13) ( 112) (220) n.u. (271) (2ll)) (271) 11 • .i. ullic.J inJu:1trJc:1 l.c..irlu:c anJ iur prod11ca::1 94 100 108 106 124 135 1% 155 n.a. 176 188 1% 202 331 JUO :n1 n.a. Ruhhc1· a11J ULher t1.111uia...:1u1111i; 'J'J 100 97 112 119 12b 1:.15 llil 11.a. 184 197 209 222 21l'J :.101 274 II. a. i11Jm1L1·ie!I J) ttuLLcr, pl..i:1tJc, i•ct:roleum (98) (100) ( 111) (112) (119) ( 126) ( lJl) ( 141) n.u. ( 171) ( llJ9) (2110) n.u. {:! Ul) ( 2l12) ( 2l'J) I\. a. muJ coul J11Ju:;Lrics li) OLhc1· 111..inufaclurl1111 luJus- (100) ( 100) (114) (112) (120) (131) ( }i, '..) (147) u.u. ( l'Jli) (206). (217) u. II. (:.111) ( 3UO) (:D5) n.a. crlc:.1 ~J 120 192 231 269 326 J'.16 292 C:hc111lc11l unJ Ch1:uilcul p1·0Juct:1 105 100 122 109. 126 10!} 135 145 12tr- · 152 11,0 169 153 n.<l. 11.a_ 17'.J 191 1.!18 207 290 316 2Ul1 l\,il. u. a. .... 0 Nuu-MclicJUc Hl11c1·1..1l l•I uJucL .:a 95 100 119 11.aslc llcL.il;i 1111J Alluy:1 99 100 99 95 no 11'• 131 153 n.a. Ui:.1 l'.JO 211 221 263 J2J 2l1tl u.u. tllln-clctdcul auadd11c1·y 62 100 105 115 120 130 155 110 11.a. 198 222 232 258 333 315 :.107 n.a. [lei. Ll'i c" I ~lai.:hlncr:y 100 100 112 113 126 lll ll16 165 11.a. 197 216 2Li0 254 291 3(.6 2/11 11.u. 'l'C.tlll:ipOLC. 1: •.,i11•1Uclll 99 100 119 117 123 136 142 165 11.a. 195 203 229 2:il 292 '.i!10 2~1 n.a. E:lcctl'id ty, !;'1!1 u11J :ilC<llll 90 100 117 100 95 7l 86 105 n.a. )!,2 129 129 124 205 ;!t,9 EIS n.u. I/acer lJ0.1'.kd lilld su11p ly 110 100 113 119 104 119 121 Ill n.u. 163 177 173 221 275 '.i04 2l10 11.a. ltcpaJc und !:ici.-11lcc:1 98 100 113 117 124 131 143 159 n.a. l'H 20Li 222 243 328 3':J1 150 n.u. ~! ·111J11:.1l .I c:. 97 100 !!Q lli 121 1211 )]U 157 111 1Ul1 J'.Jj :w~ 221. 2Ul l!~ 286 290 ----------- --·- - - ·---- ~ 'l'al•lc ].21  lllUU~l'lt'i-'11:il:: AVl::llAL:t:: AllUllAI. l:'.nltllllll;:i 1·t:1t YOIU~l::tl All A:il l'A•:rult'l :;a::cro1t 1~'.19 Lo l'J/IJ/H (111 1tu11cc:i) !~:Ll_L_ __ _ .!~~L----~- FuuJ pn.1Ju.:Lli uuJ culJ :llo1·ull.: 53'.I 1111 921 tl76 t1U1 ~:a lOll ll21 12:!:! l:!t.i'J. l40l, 1470 1521 lll'.l'J ·~ /4 ltlJll IU:.!11 Ile""' u.i;..i, 'l'ol•u.:co E.. ·rut.11ccu 1•1·0Juc1.:1 600 612 678 7'1.1 116 ll:!O t160 1005 10·11 lOL7 1152 13ll IJ7l 1412 l'.J76 l 1'Jl ltl!ll Tcatlle uuJ Tc~Lllc pcuJuct:i 1255 1403 14~1 1666 171,1 HIUt. 24!01 2'.J~tl 'J.4"/l, fol) 2710 21150 lll9 l~!,l 4:..t,u 5019 '..Oll6 ttuoJ uuJ HcLul pcoJuCL£ 1101 1163 1241 1280 1503 15H 1611 lU'J1 •~:m :l.231 2211- 21100 2556 10:.!4 J:J'.>l 1132 40:>0 1) Uuu.J vn•JUCL:I c~.:.:1•L fu&:u1L1u·c (194) (600) (978) (901) (21) ( 1651i) ( lOtltl) (1222) on!J) (1374) ( 141~) ( 1"97) 11.11. ( 1~5~) ( 20!10) t 2245) ( 'J.459) ll) All tucullurc ( Ut.1) ( 1437) (1266) ( ll6l) '1513) ( lt.'J:!) (l702) (1!170) ( 21-\8) ( 2lli5) (21U5)- (2!126) 11 ••• (30':17) (Jn7) (4111) 11.11. Uj) Hi.:tul .. r0Ju.:L:1 •.mJ 1•ai:t• (1211) ( 1263) ( 1152) ( 1394) (1506) (1'.llJll) ( llsOt,) (2105) ( 21:.!L) (:! l \16) ( 2.C.21) (2651)° 11. u. (l4l!I) (:JU lo) (4216) t4754) l'<Jj'Hff •11J pupci: pruJucL:i, fClnLluj t. ullluJ l11.Juu1.dc:1 1342 1400 lH7 l55tl 16)0 lt1llO 1%2 2l02 2"/.li/ 'J.:>12 271i~ 2957 ll!.l:l lll1'.l t,t.ui. 4liJI, 5160 (1151) (1537) (166)) (1761) ( 1951) (2001) ( 21114) t 2t.2l) (2l.l19) (26tli,) llil)Ci} ( 41,1,"/) (41'.Jl,) 1) l'u11sa· 1111J pupcr p1-.1Juct:1 (ll3l) (ll60) ( 1415) (l5M) (15)/o) (1569) ( 1614) ( lti44) (1966) (115t.) (227'.l) (:.!:ilia) ( 21i4 2) (299'J) "·"'· ()'JOO) (11/UU) ( 4'Jli4) 11.11. 1!) l'dnllnjl, h1Lll:.hi11is 1auJ ;;llt..al l11Ju:1lrt..:u "·"· 11.11. l.cul hcr ;u·1J tu1· pa 0J11.: I .. 107tl ll!ltl 1454 1611 11165 :W/li 228l, ]till 4'.J9/ lhahlu.:r u11.J ullu:c 111aau1fucl111·t11~ I 11il11:.l1"lc:1 l!ilb l'JOO 2112 lO]i 1261 1557 til'Jl I) 1<111.oL.:r, l'lu:.Llc, vo:u·oti.:11111 auJ cu .. l I ruit111Ll"lc:1 11) Olhc1 t11Jllllli.1cluL111~ l11J111iLL"la:• t:lu.:hllcul .i11<l Ch.:1111.:ul pi:oJucL:t (20)4) (1030) V.63 ( 2015) (1100) l!i56 (illtl) ( 1130) 1716 ( 2466) (1279) ltll2 (1561,) (l351l) l!ltll ( :!Ltlt.) ( 1461.) 214'.l ( 21111') (1615) 22ll (1030) ( 1771) 2482 (ll!>2) (1':1)4) 27'J!, ()uLI.) (2172) Jl,1.16 ()Ub3) ( 2349) 3164 (427:.) (:!4!10) 1516 ...... 11.u. 1934 (4t.ll0} ( l7tiU) 471iU ( '.l:!lll) {4102) :..1,112 ('.>':JJ4) (l,liLl) 60% ( t.L 1)) ( 5106) Ci2'.J4 llJu-H..:l..il ll.: wllll!l"lll pruJuct:i 946 979 1069 1080 11811 l2dll 1415 1514 IL.ill 1175 ltl58 ·~16 2085 2)8~ )0(.:) lt.7L 16211 Ua:ilc H.:l<Jlu anJ Alluy:i 1846 1952 1960 l'J38 21ti6 22!17 2665 3079 3421 l'..'Jli 1676 U09 41114 5'.lllO 1.n4 7507 7UUll llJu-"i"cLdcul 111uchlucry ll2l 1416 1451 1614 1697 ltl:!O 225!1 2161 25!J2 2707 1021 1221 3512 l,'.lll4 '.>251 b0'.l6 {.]'Jl t:lccli.-Jc..il H..ichlma·)' 1554 1551 1721 17111 1!'19 105) 22111 2550 °U'Jl ]())] 3411 1717 4021 45'Jl1 !l\lil4 6l155 tiH5 ,.. 0 ... , .... ,., •..,ra. a::<jul11111c11t Ui56 1726 1992 2019 2110 2121 2567 2839 2%7 1301 14'12 1~87 4121 5026 5'Jl, l 68:!2 71!15 N l::lc,.;u·l.:I Ly. isuu 111ul llLCJlll 1561 11656 1859 1654 1444 ll'JO )l,21S 1619 l'J'.14 'J.ll66 2011 2175 2608 l'.ll2 t.Otll 502il :i262 H.itt:l" woi:k:1 unJ uu111•l1 1423 1278 1469 1500 1)50 1400 1579 1882 1%5 2064 2181 2166 274,2 1500 !,Jl':J 4276 11110 lt.:p..iir ..iuJ :icrvicc:i 1259 l.314 1424 UH 157!1 1116 lll59 1812 11Ul 2t.25 2629 21U4 3052 4171 51116 5~97 t.illl2 Al I lnJu:a:rtc:.1 !!':IJ! !lli !l.!l ~: Uu1h:y 11 ..llui: uf l.tcm:Ll L.i Ol" i•dvl lo:.i;•::• a1-.: uoL av.ii l»l.tl.: fa:OUI liUll•llUl"Y C&:::1uh:1 lu1· l'Jclury tic.:lul" fu1· Lite l'cdu.J l':Jt.7 lo l'J7L/77. ih:ucc liV<!l""llC -111111••1 c nli11i::• hJVl! l..co:u i1<lj11:.Ll!<! 1•rul'u1 l l111u1i.:ly Cul· Uu: p1~.-loJ on l111: bu:1Jt1 of 1966 Jut11,  'r ., 'l'uhlc 3. 24; I !11111:;T11Y -\JI :it:: lNIHCl::S 01'' AVl::llACt:: ANNUAL l,;i\HNI NGS l'l::lt UOltKl::U 1H AS! FAt:'l'Olt'l !lEC'l'Olt l9.'.l9 Lo l'J76/17 (1960 . 100) - - - - - - - - · - - - - - - - - -1!.159 I ~£,Q 1%1 1%2 196J 1.-'ouJ l":uJucL!i m1J culJ <1Lon1gc 75 JOO 128 122 124 128 157 170 176 1% 205 212 155 219 2'.i6 licvcri.ge, 'l'uhucco & 'J'ul111cco 98 100 111 119 127 141 164 16~ l /4 Uili 217 224 241 25ll 2')) 302 l•l·uJuct:,i 89 100 106 119 124 157 171 176 Hl6 193 203 224 21H 324 35tl 363 'l'cxtl le 1a11J 'l'c·xt! It l'l·0Juct>1 129 139 163 ltiS 1!12 192 206 220 260 2tlU 321 34tl lluod Ul\J uictul prnd11cLt1 95 100 107 HO t)~uoJ pruJucts cxccpl (99) (100) (122) ( 113) ( 11 '.l) (207) ( 136) ( 153) ' ( 157) (In) (!HO) (181) n.u. (244) (2b0) (2tll) (307) fund Lu1·c (88) (100) (88) (95) (107) (llB) (110) (137) (WJ) (152) ( 197) ( 204) 11.u. (216) (271) (2tl6) u~''. 1 :I) A 11 foi:ultuL·c (96) (100} (107) (110) (119) (124) ( 141) (167) ( 168) (174) (192) (210) il. a. ( 271) (J02) (339) (J76) Hi) Uctul pa:oJ11cl!l .ind 1•al°l:!l l'upc1: u111.i pi111<;&: 1H·0Jucta, 1•dlitl11g 1111J u 111 cJ I nduatricll % 100 108 Ill 116 120 140 150 163 UH 199 211 228 277 )2') i) Paper unJ JH1c1· 111·u,Jiu.:L::i (100) ( 199) ( 113) (113) ( 122) (129) (143) (147) (161) ( 178) ( 198) (212) n.a. ( 2132) ( 321.l) U.'1. U} l.'d ul:liig,, publlahi1\/;\ imJ allicJ l.u<lu:Jtde!l (~4) ( 100) (107) ( 111) ( 114) (116) (U.1) ( 152) (161) ( lU2) ( 201) CH2) 11.11. (176) (3H) ( 3'.12) n.u. l.culhca: lillll Lur pni.luct:i 90 100 103 114 121 130 140 156 173 169 un HD 191 296 3:1') 1:W Jli4 ltoLLcr uuJ utlu!1' 1Uj11uL.1cluL·iug i11J11,;tdcs 100 103 119 125 ll2 155 187 201 21'.l 235 2tl2 321 JJU 40tl 1) ltuLl1ci:, 11lu:1tJc, 1•.::L1·ul.:h1u uuJ .::ual l11J11.HrJc:. (101) (100) (115) ( 122) ( 121) (lJl) ( 141) (150) ( 15tl) ( Hi2) (192) ( 212) n..u. (12U) ( 2'.>tl) (2%) {321i) U) Other u1 .. 11uf.1..:Lul'l11g, inJu:1LL'ic1;1 (94) (100) (121) (116) ( 12)) (Ill) ( 1119) (161) ( 178) (197) (214) (226) II, 14. ( 342) ( 391) (4112) (482) Chemical 1w1J chculicul pa:oJucL!l 95 100 110 116 127 131S 144 160 UIO 2'1.!1 216 227 253 308 3117 ]92 401 tl...111-llcl ...dll..: 111l11eri.l j•l'uJucl:. 97 100 109 110 121 132 145 155 172 181 190 198 213 264 Jn '355 '.Hl Uu:;Jc. uu!Cal:. unJ alloys 95 100 100 99 ll2 118 137 158 176 184 Ul8 211 226 275 355 385 1104 11..in-.: l"'..:l &'I·~., I 11ia..:hi1H:1·y 93 100 102 114 120 129 11.10 167 183 191 214. 227 252 324 :in 1126 451 l::lc•la:l..:ul Hilcldl!t!l'Y 100 100 111 115 128 132 li17 164 180 197 221 240 259 296 3tll 416 437 'fu111:.1111rl l::q11J1u11cnl 96 100 115 117 122 ll5 149 164 172 192 201 231 250 291 J/1/1 395 417 E:lecti: lei Ly, ga:1 uuJ 1;1ci:u111 811 100 100 89 76 64 77 Bil 105 Ill 106 126 141 171 220 271 284 l-1at:1:!L' WO&:ll.!i UllJ :SUj•p)y 111 100 110 117 106 110 1211 147 154 162 171 111 215 274 :.in J'..15 373 !Ccp •.f 1· illUI ac1·vJ Cc" 96 100 108 115 120 131 141 13tl 166 Ul5 200 214 232 318 392 1156 47fJ !!l ·~----··-~-~--·~- ·---"'--~~~-- ·-------------------------·-------  ..., ·1111•• •t••!f •••••• •tt-lt , .. ,.._.J•"~ "UH ••:"tt•11•1• tttn.,.1 .. , .. , .,...,'1 ,_, ...1 t'f•t ""' '"" •rn't •• ,. •• .,, ••-1 ....... ,.,.1 .. , ·•••t ·•·or-111 'ti•1 .. 11 ••••t-'.I ••...-n1"-4 •ft., '!I•""" .,_,.__,• ... ,.. , ,.. -"'"" ,.,.,,.... ~ .... ,.,, ... !,...,, "' "C•tt ·nnr ........., •••1 •• , .. ,.,,... •t ·•••••r-1 ......,.-.~ ;:.;;;.: r-· _.,.,., ... , ""'" r·••-w 1: ~·•"~ ·----·· - -·---- -----------------------~~-------- UI o~r nr IU .,, , en UI HI ttr UI ill ur IU Ht rrr UI voe t!I Ill ~H IU OU Ill Ul ,, ,.. .. 101 .,, en "" "' nr 6H 011 UI '" "' ... ,, ttl Cll IU telun '"' "' HI lOI ur '" UI HI UI " ... '" '" rot 1111 m ~or Ill 'II IOI "' ,, IH tn .... "' IH .... '" r.11r. r.u t•I flt&t flii ,., ,., Cll '°' '", . ,., "' .'" ,.,, UI '" 11(1 '" n• '" "' cu Cit ,., ,., "' ., '"'- "" .,, "' "' l<I (Of UI . .I Cll nt n1 m I" Ill HI tH IU on Ull fOI 1111 iiii •ot ~nl II H rot IOI IOI Ill ,., 191 u tot 1111 '" ~~· '"' ,..., Mi rn1 '" 11"1 '" "' ....1 IWll .'" '°I Ml "' .... "' •r• "" '"" "'" ""' ""' '" ""' "' ""' ""' ""' ""' ""' ~~·i;;;-·-;;·tt.;'fl"tt=i "ftii;tITT-~;;~·r; ""' Ill ,, Ill RI nt HI rn 101 ..,, II cet Cf Ill IOI 1'111 Ill ,, .. .. tol '" u "" '" nn m 'IOI 11111 011 lVI iihi cot Oii u " " OOI '°' .. Int "' '" " " 191 "' '°' " "' ...,, ... u '" •• HI '" ,,.,, n•t fWll 3 ""' ""' " " .""' .,,, '" " .'°' "', ... "'' " " "' ""' ""' ""' ""' '°' ""' "" ""' ""' ~ ""' .""' ""' ii 001 H HI H It ltl fCtl n ,. •( " " " 001 " " .. OI . '" " " . " •• It " .. HI ,. .. Cl u " " "" IUI lt ,, 1191 H I! If o~ " "u " u " ff " . " . .. " u "' " " H .. II "' re It "~ " .,. "H ".. ,, ,. Hll •(Cf 0 ,, " n " (9 •• " ,. " •• (I " .. .. " .. " " .. c• " " u '" .. " .. " '" ti Cl " " u ct II u et Utl H u .. u ,. ti u tnt ,. n n n " 'I n II " " It " u "' °' " .. H " " . " ll " II " ti " " ti " " " .. ,, u u u I( u CUI tut ll " " II " II " H " II ti IOI u .. ti u H u IC " H " " " .••." ., " " " ti " tr " " u ti ., nn u ., u " H u " c: . ". ti C• " .. " ~ u " ·~ " . ·~ " """' .. " .. n• ~ p;;-01 =:;1-:i::i ··~Ill .,,,=1 "II " " '"' " · - - - - - - ..- -.. - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - ''"'"''' 1 lf:Ot' •• ,,.... t••111••1• u1•11 .... t , • .., . . . ,.,.. ............. wl•"'P"ll •• •1911 'UP'J •111••• ""ff""1"f •• •1 1u•f •• ,,.,., ••••t"I ,....,, ,-.• ••, ''".,.'"''' At••t,.='• •"•·••I • .,., .. .., ,.,.. •1••-t• 11:-9''"•1 ·•~... .,_, .. ,, •u ..1111 ,... n••I ••• ,... ,.,., .. r-- _____ nr •n<'~:u·~~TN __ ...'~''""'•" ""1.!••-~:·~-~~!!!'_-..:!,•,!~'!!!!'-~--~!.L__!•!.''!;.._.."..--.· -~·· .. •"."9'!-~---·".!.~... -_!~tt•!~·-~.._~,-~~~~~-~~~.,---'~~l!_l~~--~~·~!-_•.-• .. ~--··· .. •:--•__ !_.•tt.t.!.!.~-- ' ' " •• ~II "'""" l•nt.''' W-1• .., ,..,.,,." n- "ft- Ttl.n:! n1 1n '"M"I 1•111·••1•""" ;u.'T-.wl .· ... 105 - Tabla 3. 26: INDUSTRY-WISE PER CAPITA DAILY EA..~~INGS OF EMPLOYEES E.ARNL'IGS LESS 'THAN' Rs- SQQ l'Elt ~!mG:. ·rn- ?JL3 :?AC':'J?.'? s::C':'J~: 1~71 to 1~7~. 1,n 1m 11M 10 12 13 ()~ Airri.:uliu~ 11-c. 13,..,...,,... . ~nd I 1,Ji1n1. l.~ 7.0 1.10 6.9S :"':1 \t ..n... ,..,,.,rT u1 f .....1rr..u ...,, . 111.:0 I !I I. 59 '.i.Jl .,,. .l.t.lft'!..lf..kr.~\lft' vJ 1'co•'C'UJ.""C"'\.i f&.•~ ..~1 T""'-.i:o r-....i..,.u • 7 •.H 9.11 9.6'1 JO. II :J .\bn·J!-'t"IT oi C.111,on Tc•ule 10 . .U .11.11 11.14 11.31 :~ M•n..!...;1u1c ol Woul, Sci .. ~ s,a. rl...:u.; 1'il>rc Tuu!Q • • • . ,_.,. 10."4 10.11 10.57 :.5 .\l .. nwf-'twro1 o( J..ic. Hi:mf) a•"' MCil.a Tomi~ ,,JI 11.U 12.1: 14.JI IS.91 f U.99 26 1"bnvf;icturc r1' Tuuln Prod ...u CU.. i. • clu.lini: \\\-:irint i\flf!:ttcl Olhcr 111.aa F~-ul r1 Manuf.actllft ot WooJ ;ind Wood l'roo ducts,, F11111111A!I and Fi\lllla • l.U 6.:7 10.0: 7.00 '·" &.90 7.40 !J.49 1.14 U •.:6 %1 M1nut.:run of Pacer ~ P~DCI' ~ J&JCIS lnd Pnnun'-Publi§h1n1 _. Alhod lncllDUICI , • , , 9.J.S 9.7S 10.20 10.11 :9 Manufac:sw. al Le::llhcr ~nd l.c;alha' II Fur hoducls (~iuzp1 re;Aitl , 10.z.. 10.JI llJ.11 10.77 JO MlnWKIUfW o{ Rut.her, Pluiic, !'et• rCllcwn arid ~' rroducu • • S.67 'J.%7 un 9.6S 31 ~bnufxsun oi-Chcmic:als and C1'emi- c:al l'rodue11 le:acrpe rroduct1 o( Pet• rolcum •nd C"oalt • t.7' 1.92 ,,JI IQ, Jl J6.JJ t lZ M~nul.a;;sure ol Soa·llife1::llllic Mincl'21 l'rN...:ll 6.5! & ~1 '~n 1.J3 7.9S 11.12 lJ IW•..: M~I and All'''"' brlu :rin 10 10 10 ll '·~ t.10 9.74 19.16 f .u .\h,,uf-'tUtt o{ .\lt1d rr •.Jta.~' ..... :· l'•n• lr•.T:"( ~h;llln::y a.-.J Tr.&No c:.;;... """"'"" • • • • I, 76 f JS l>."'lrt M,u,:.::.:i:i11n of ,\b.:.~i~-::y, ).b~hinc Tools •114 rJ.N (c..:ii:pc cla.~t '·" '·" 10.0: u.°' 3' INCbiflCl"11 , !obnul.a.:&111"1 ol EJ=u;c:al Muhinery, 9.H to.oz 10.11 9.t2 10.74 U.74 t Al'flQl'atUS,, A!'Pli.illCllS ud S11r:ili• • l'ana !0.7f 10.74 10.61 10.IJ 10.67 f 37 M.anu/~tUll ol Tr:ampon Equipmme and Pvu 31 Odw MINacturinc lndUlllMI U.14 10.11 IJ.j4 ,,4 ,,., 9.j9 10.U 1.73 9.Jl 9.71 21.0'7 Jf.lt ~ Elclric:il)' ,,6t 10.IJ 10.49 9.N 11.06 17.SO 41 Gnan45!ala , .c:: '° W11a Woru .and SCI~ • COftlttUCtion • , • 12•.0 6.17 1.4) '·" 1.40 7.10 '·"' S.00 6.J~ 1.4S 9,70 10.ll 10•.s.s 10.70 10.46 16.ot . 13.11 ,.OJ $1 Ae1iwi1i.n AJried to C'O!UUUC:UOO • 7.s.t UT' 1.jJ 11.:.5 ... 13.JO 1::.!4 "" \\"1'.J~le Tndc 10 Food. i.:."1le, U•c Animals. 9c•cr.i;n and lc1oa .. ca"'' . • • 1:.1J1 7.r» 1.!4 ~t W~ 1ncla in FCld. L';:.!IC. 0. ~""- rut ..mo,. Ccr~moQ •M \, tilaa • 10,., .... an 11 ..1-' .,: \\1'1-lr..aw 1r...:.: ;.., \\"..n.!. l'•;"'ft oder J ~: .. ._., H.J'" aoJ St.la an.: •~'"~Me ,.,h . ,,..'·, ~· ""'·I:...;:,._,;~ 1n \II 1t~ .,{ M.a- lc>.M " ~: ~ r.• cA.lttf,. I '-t•; \i:U! 1ncJ1.i1J•nr TnMift P'". f'•r1 .:1.J l lc .. m .. .iJ I ,..:.ra,nc 4.Mf t..a \\'h ..:.·..lfc rr-.!: 1:i M1..:cl!-."'Co"' M:r"ut:...:tl.:tar-, fo.14 •.10 7.ln ·-~· 7.Jll •1 llct~il Tr...!c :~ I u.:! in.! o:tr.r IM>ld ULll.i&J..., ~-J IJ..nt·I~ u:.,,.,.,: • ..'7 11.Jl 61 N:t1il TnJc 1:. 01!,..-. ., Ral.aur.aau uW Hocci. 9.49 l.ll!f ll.60 ~.J9 .... 1.71 11.00 4.97 9.6J '-~_ _...r... :1 .J7 '·" . ·. '8 t and Tnmf'Qft 71 1'.'ater TIUlpon '·" ·~·'° I0.90 10•.56 ll.6.S IJ.ot 9.IJ IS.U ll.J.,.,3 •...:•:.:..1- !'.90 ~ .\ir Tti11t!!Oft 10.49 j,39 t.62 2•.51 JJ.JJ 7J Scnicn lnc:i.~ent~,. to Tnnsl'Oft ,,JI 9.60 10.Q 11.47 IS.02 14 Sto1'3;w afl\t \\':rdla..in• ,; C"Oftl"llllf':.::11i.Nw ,,J4 11.7% 11 • ..0 "·" IJ.31 19.37 .· ,: 'It ~nl F"11r .ll9J nlni!!n\ '°"""'... \,f.. in;,,,''""' S:"'• ~ ~ftf'« 1. 74 '·" 6.:c 14.j'.' $·~ T' '' ~ ......... !~:t\~- ... 1(1 ,.,. ''" 10.:9 II. \j ' ,z r.J •;-·.·ht:~ ~ :~,~·,· "' ! Jlf' -.c.r-.a ~·-"'!:· ,t,71 10.::a -· " \l:.J:.~I J,,,f lle:iltl'I ~"1'\·.t' • 9 '~ ~., .. 11.:1 ~.~ 10.61 ,,64 '·" •.u :-0.SO •~ lt::7rJt• •u! ~,,ii C"u!tJ~.41 ~"'~ ~ ~tt • .,.,.1 ~,, i..~ •.lll 7.7) "·"' I.Ji t.M 1.11 11.Jt a.J? 11.11 9.01 16.06 , 11 •.l5 " R::-1;rs::--.i·."W• '·~' ICl.06 11.:11 ll,JI 11.13. 19.03 9! Int:~-- •"itl i"d <>Iller t.•1r:i Terrio 1~i-.11 2.~11 ..li:t S:t"\iC':'\ "·~ II.~ 1.00 :s.90 99 Scni~a nC't e1>¢'1'hefl c!u•1titd 9• .::4 !.~J 6.~ 7.:9 .'O.$i .'\l ~.thir.e, ""' ,\JJ,.u.11th D~rmeJ J.~o - ~.11 11.H :.1.s 10.?S i'O R(;'J1r """i.:~ 11( ~01 in~iuJ•-d llll•kr ?7) 4.:0 ~.JI ll . .:.1 ToJtal ·-....-----------·-··-- --- 9.62 10.06 10.10 10.~? IS 9S • r 11-; .• >\!•(' J .•dl l'~.:hi·.:"' Cit i~\ ~--· ..•\ ·-- - --- ·- ·----- .. - il'I l'·;~..:n ...·-.: l';h,i\'r:(', rm c~:'v.:: I~'" t(;..!'111..2~ \\•urhl'Mr"- .... 11') r~.'"'··"·;J, .•1- ~/ 11i: ht '"1:~1io1• ('!t.tWlt; I..'""" ti au P.<t. l,t\\'J ~r W\'n:l't • . ~··t ~\J•l.·t-le. \\·,.~=~ "''",, J•)l~ 1~<:..'• "'1". \mw.d Ri:w;n, ,,n.kr tl....: rJ.r,1c11t ,., 1 ~~~ \..~ 1 .............l.., ~~.a.,,.S'i-.. \'\'1\ •  - 106 - !able J. 2i :· ?E..~ CA.e!TA. -~~ruAL !iONEY F.Al\..'fINGS OF r..;QR..'<ERS :..~II..'fG USS '!'H..~'f ;ts.· 400 ?!E. ~ON'IE. nI DLS FACTOR! SZC~OR BY r~IDUS!R~ZS ..i....'ID szc:ORS; l~i2 to 1~74 197419 l!n':" ca. .....,,. r...,.. .,,..... r•w -.- ,..,.., ~.. .... '"' .i"uhlic I'rin• i'11btic rriv~I& ... i'ubUcs ?riftle . Sccus ~ ~ Scc1ar Scclalr Sec.. -... - .... - ...... ------------------...-----~--------------·------ . -- -·~-~----------------------------------------------- J.+~7 3.,:10 ----· ~~n J~ 1,.m. ·u-ta. Z..530 ,, ~--- 1,*:... ·-· ------ 3,04C • ------- , ..------· I I 1 ;,. 2.:MS ' ,-------.. 1111,_- - - - - - ·----·"' ·---- ,, ____ 11' _., ·----- • 11:: l.+'9 2.UJ ·-----'J .. ---- , . 2,9.5.S Z.,:il7 ·- - - - - - - : • . 11 l.• i-- ---- 3,Glil ------------ ., I i, l,747 l.mi ___ --:-·w z.1m l.51: 3,167 %.Gl7 r-- - -----.-- ,, l.~i.& J,115 l.:.01 3,C!Gl____ • 1.732 • "08 !.!"?I J..:'Jll _ _ _ _ _ :2 :.r.GS 3:015 Z.!lil ::.,+!11' ~ :,1~ z.;oo -L,'--------1: _______ i. 1..m :.146 ______ , S.D ,_'.-------- !41 ._ _ _ _ _ _ ,:~ 27 '" 1.... l,254 , __ __,,;.,_.__2" =· l'• I~_.:... _____ ::J -- ~-----~....._11 y· ------~~2 r. 1.m ll i. l,357 ----~-14 t 1.i• l5 •• 3,211 .. _ ·-· - - - - ·~·. l,12+ ::" ;. ______ :7 l,l'GS U2I 3,GTI %,573 ·-----· :1 •.101 U72 1,591 1,511. 2,001 1.m 2.* '"00 1.. __ ·-·- --·-----· _..._ .__.__ "'°. ' - t l9 .. ,,., J.817 l,59'Z 4.0U --------· ~· I •1 l.l~ l.+t6 %,911 1491 -··. - _; __ .. l l,7'%S s.1• 1,717 __ _L __ +..55Z U3t •.290 1.920 . : • ' •S WI :_7~ 3.SIS :,, 11 l.407 3,m ·----- ... :.:as .. -· ,. Scrlica ... .-.-..~ 9' ' Acri..... ,_ aG~Y r1~ :a (g&lllr lAM ll'IM , .. ;-,;(J), Rc,-r ~(if-•na-- YO __. 91), 3,19 !.710 Ml•• ............. Source: .... - 107 - Table 3.28: INDEX ~ruMBER OF MONEY &'ID REAL EARNINGS OF EMPLOYEES IN MUTES: 1961 to l973. (Base 1961=100) Index of Ind·e.~ of ~!onev Earnings Real Earnings 1961 100 100 1962 104 101 1963 111 105 1964 112 93 1965 . 127 96 1966 138 95 1967 179 108 1968 189 111 1969 202 120 1970 207 116 1971 214 117 1972 230 119 1973 280 123 Source: Director General of Mines Safety  - 108 - Table 3. 29 (a) !~TD!CZS OF RE.U. WAGES r.i COTTON !EXTILE !'~IDUSU..Y rn 30MBAY AND .U™EDABAD 1900 t:o 1964 Year Average Wages ~lo rking Class Real Wages Index of Real in Rs per month. Cost of Living in Rs per Wages 1951 2 100 !ndex 1927 2 100 month. a.t 1927 orices 1900 12.lZ 53.l 22.0l 54.0 1901 11.38 52.2 23. 73 58.2 1902 12.37 51.9. 23.85 58.3 1903 12.36 51.0 24.23 59 •.5 1904 12.36 51. 7 23. 9·3 38.7 1905 12.44 53.5 23.24 51.0 1906 12.32 55.4 22.24 54.6 1907 14.0l 56.1 24.96 61.3 1908 14. 76 64.5 22.89 56.2 1909 14.97 60.1 24.91 61.l 1910 13.07 58.5 25.76 63.2 1911 13.41 38.7 22.85 56.l 1912 13 .96 64.4 21.68 53.2 1913 14.04 59.6 23.55 57.8 1914 15. 65 66.3 23.60 57.9 191.5 1.5.91 69.6 22.87 56.l 1916 13 .92 il.4 22.30 34.i 1917 lE.19 78.0 Z0.76 50.9 1918 Z0.26 100.4 20.17 49.S 1919 23 .59 123.5 19.10 46.9 1920 28..86 126.5 22.82 56.0 1921 30.94 119.8 ZS .83 63.4 1922 31.92 110.2 28.97 71.l l9Z3 32.88 102.3 32.13 78.8 1924 32.92 105.l 31.33 76.9 1925 32.98 105.0 31.41 77 .l 1925 34.35 103.S 33.20 81.S 1927 34.36 100.0 34.36 84.J 1928 33.79 93.5 36.l.J 88.7 1929 34.29 97 .o 35.35 86.i 1930 34.31 88.2 38.88 95.4 1931 34.96 72.4. 48.29 118 .5 1932 34.97 n.. 7 48.07 118.0 1933 35.0l i6.6 50.i9 124.6 1934 3l.07 68.0 45.iO 112.l _.. - 109 - Cont. Year Average ~ages Working Class Real r~ages :nd.ex of ::\eal in Rs per month Cost of Living in ~s per Wages 1951=100 Inde..'"'t. 192 7=100 month a.t 1927 orices 1935 29.84 68.3 43'. 72 107.3 1936 29.88 68.3 43. 77 107.4 1937 29.46 71.8 41.03 100.7 1938 32.• 46 69.8 46.52 114.2 1939 35.53 71.2 49.91 122.5. 1940 35.99 68 .o. 52.92 129.9 1941 40.97 84.8 48.34 118.6 1942 54.37 150.3 36.18 88.8 1943 77 .06 187.4 41.13 100.9 1944 79.69 192.3 41.44 101. 7 1945 74.25 180.1 41.22 101.2 1946 78.89 189.7 41.59 102.l 1947 93.,35 190.9 48.90 120.0 1948 108. 77 227.8 47.74 117.2 1949 109.18 225.6 48.40 118.8 1950 96.83 232.2 41.10 102.3 1951 98.17 240.9 40.75 100.0 1952 n.a. 240.9 n.a. n.a. 1953 102.33 258.2 39.63 97.3 1954 n.ae 240.9 n. a.. n.a. 1955 108.50 220.7 49.16 120.6 1956 113. 33 . 239.4 47.34 116.2 1957 n. a. e 252.4 n. a.. n.a. 1958 118. 75 268.3 44.26 108.6 1959 n.a. 291.4 n.a. n.a. 1960 129.67 288.5 44.95 110.3 1961 138. 00 295.7 46.67 114.5 1962 n. a. 302.9 n.a. n.a. 1963 145.00 307.2 . 47 .20 107.l 1964 149.J.7 341.9 43.63 107.1 ~: Simple average consumer price Indices for working class of Bombay and Ahm.edabad have been taken for the period 1950 to 1964. Basic Sources: 1. 1900-1922: GOI, Prices and Wages in India, 1923 for Bombay and Datta, t<.L., ReDort on the Enauir1 into the Rises of Prices in India, GO!, ~ToL !I, o. 137,.1914 for Ahmedabad. 2. 1923-1937 For 3ombay: (1) Findlay Shirras G, Renert on :a.n Enouir ..r int:o c::ie Wages and Hours of Labour in Conon :till Ind.us'Cry, Labour Office, Government of Eomca:r, 1923 (2) Sedgwick L.J., Reoort on an Enauirr into the Wages and Hours of Labour in Cotton ~ills Industr~, Labour Office,  - 110 - Gvver:unenr: of Bombay; 1925 (3) Labour off ice, Government: of 3ombay, Reoort on an E.~cuirY .L,,to Wages and ~ours of Lab.our in c~e ·:or::on ~·!il2. ::l.d.usr::-""r, L'?25 (::..) Lacour •Jt:ice, Gv•:er:unent a f 3omca:r, :.~-a·5es and U:iemtllovmenc in :he 3omba •f !'extila I:idust:-~1, 1934. (5) !'he :-eoort of ~:ie :a.""<t ila Labour !nauirv Commicr:ee, Government oi Bombay, 1937. For Ahmedabad: (l) The. Reoort of the Indian Tari£f Board (cocton Texcile Industry Enquiry) , 192 i, Vol. l, p. 110. (2) Gover:mienr: of Bombay, Reoort of the !extila Labour EnauirY Cammictae, Interim. of ?inal ~eports. 3. 1938-1964: For Bombay, Gokhale R.G., The Bombav Cotton ~ill Workers, 1953, p. 43 (t:he informacion was deri"ted on t:he basis of data ~ollected under t:he payments of Wages Act 1936) for t:he period 1938-1949. Data from the returns under t:he payment: of -;;ages Act, 1936 for t:he period 1950-1964. For A.hmedabad: The .~1meda.bad ~1i.!.l owners Associar:ion, ~!l!!l1ora.ndum r:o Cant-:-al Wage 3oard on C.:i c :on !.axt::!.la !:lduscr1, Decemiter 1957, )chis has t:he same source as che payment: of Wages Act returns) for the period 1938-1949. Data from the returns under the payment of wages Act, l936 for the period 1950-1964. Sources: (l) 1900-1949: !iukerj i, Trends in !e..'"(t::.le !-!ill '.la5es in West:er:i !ndia: 1900 to 1951, Artha Vijnana, June 1962. (2) 1950-1964: Labour 3ureau, Indian Labour Statistics, relevant issues. . . - lll - Tables 3. 2 9 (b) : INDICES OF REAL WAGES IN COTTON TE:{TILE INDUSTRY: 1959 to 1976/77 Year Wages in Rs.Y Working ClasJ.I Real Wage in Ind ex of Real per month Consumer Price Rs. per :nonth Wage~ _1951=100 Index, 1927=100 at 1927 :erices 1959 120 291.4 41.2 101.l 1960 134 288.5 46.4 113. 9 1961 139 295.7 47.0 115.3 1962 158 302.9 52.2 128 .l 1963 164 307.2 53.4 131.0 1964 173 341.9 50.6 124.2 1965 192 365.0 52.6 129.l 1966 204 408.2 50.0 122.7 1967 n.a. 468.8 n.a. n.a. 1968 234 477 .5 49.0 120.2 1969 n.a. 490.5 n.a. n.a. 1970 n.a. 512.l n.a. n.a. 1971 n.a. 528.0 n.a. n.a. 1972 561.l 1973/i4 331 (312) 659.2 50.2 (47.3) 123.2 (116.1) 1974/75 380 (359) 820.8 46.3 (43. 7) 113.6 (107 .2) 1975/76 417* (394) 871.3 47.9 (45 .2) 117 .5 (110. 9) 1976/77 416* (393) 822.2 50.6 (47.8) 124.2 (117.3) Notes: 1:./ Annual average earnings (exlcuding benefits) have been divided by 12. 'l:.f The series with base 1960 have been converted to base 1927 by linking at 1960 to the series given in table 3.29 (a). Figures in brackets relate to facto.ry sector. * Estimated on the basis of proportion of census sector wage in facto~y sector wage 1974/75. Source: CSO, Annual Survey of Industries, census sec:tor.  - 112 - ~a.bla J. JO (a) : L'TDICES OF 1E..U. ~.J'AG?:S I:r THE JL:!E !!:{!!I.Z !~TDUST~Y 190G c:o 1964 Year :.tag es in Rs. Working Class Raal Wages !ndex of per monch cost: of living in ls. per leal Wages Index for Calcutta mon'Ch at: 1951=100 1944•100 1944 oTices UCO 33.5 35.8 69.9 1901 12.0 34.1 35.2 68.8 1902 12.0 34.6 34.7 67.8 1903 12.0 30.7 39.l 76.4 1904 12.7 32 • .3 39.3 76.8 1905 12.8 34.4 37 .. 2 i2.7 1906 12.3 38.4 33.3 65.0 1907 12.8 41.8 30.6 59.3 1908 1.3 .s 48.2 ZS .0 54.7 1909 13 .5 43.9 30.8 60 .. 2 1910 13.5 40 • .3 33.5 55.4 1911 13. 7 37.6 36.4 il.i 1912 l.3. 2 41.8 31.6 61.7 1913 14.4 45.9 31.4 61.3 1914 14.5 43.3 31. 7 61.9 1915 14.6 47.8 30.5 59.6 1916 14.6 48.2 30.3 59.:2: . 1917 14.8 45.9 32.3 62A 1918 14.8 49.5 29.9 53.4 1919 16 .. 4 61.2 26.S 52.3 1920 18.4 (20.4) 65.8 28.0 (JJ... 0) 54.7 (60 .5) 1921 19.9 (22.l} 64.7 30.8 (34 ~2) 60.2 (66. 8) 1922 19.9 (22.l) 63 .6 3l • .3 (34. 7) 61.l (67 .8) 1923 19.6 (20. 7) 62.2 31.5 (33 .3) 61.5 (65.0) 1924 19~4 62.5 31.0 60.5 1925 19.8 57.5 34 •. 4 67.2 1926 19.2 11 54 •.3 35.2 * 68.8 * 1927 19 •..3 (18. 6) 55 .. 8 34.6 (33 .. 3) 67.6 (65.0) 1928 l i .7 53.0 32.3 62.9 1929 16.5 54.6 30.2 59.0 1930 14.3 48.8 29 • .3 3i.2 1931 16.2 42.l 38.5 i5.2 .i..932 15.4 43 .. 0 35 .. 8 69.9 .... 0 ... 1933 14.6 41.l 35.5 0., • .J 1934 14 .. 6 37.3 38.9 i6.0  - 113 - Cont. Year Wages in Rs. Working Class Real Wages Index of per month cost of living in Rs. per Real Wages Index for Calcutta month at 1951=100 1944=100 1944 orices 1935 14.6 38.8 37.6 73.4 1936 16.9 37.4 45.2 88.3 1937 18.3 38.3 47.7 93.2 1938 19.6 39.3 49.9 97.5 1939 19.6 39.0 50.3 98.2 1940 22.3 38.0 58.7 114.6 1941 21.4 41.0 52.2 102.0 1942 22.9 52.0 44.0 85.9 1943 29.7 104.0 28.6 55.9 1944 30.5 100.0 30. 5 59.6 1945 32.8 101.0 32.5 63.5 1946 35.9 99.0 36 .. 3 70'. 9 1947 41.9 111.0 37.7 73.6 1948 53.7 122.0 44.0 85.9 1949 66 .. 9 125.0 53.S 104.5 1950 67.2 125.0 57.7 112. 7 1951 67.9 132 .5 51.2 100.0 1952 n.a. 133 .8 n.a. n.a. 1953 76 .. 2 122.S 62.2 121.5 1954 n.a. 188.8 n.a. n.a. 1955 82.9 115.0 72 .. 1 140.8 :956 86.2 122 . 5 70 . 4 137 .s 1957 n.a .. 131.3 n.a. n.a .. 1958 87.1 137.5 63.3 123.6 1959 n.a. 137 .1 g,.a. n.a. 1960 94.2 141.3 66.7 130.3 1961 91.l 142.7 63.9 124.8 1962 n.a. 151~2 n.a. n.a. 1963 102.3 1:8.3 64.6 126.2 1964 lll.3 17LO 65.l 127.1 Notes: 1. Figures in brackets are from Prices And Wages in India without any adjustment by the author in source 1. 2. Those figures are on the, basis of the Report on the Administration of the =actories Act, Bengal, for the year 1927.  - 114 - Cone. Sasic Sou'.':'c2s: L 1900-1922: GOI, P~ices a.nd ~.;ages in :ndia, 1923, ? • 2.ZJ. z. 1923: Interpolated by K. ~ukerji. 3. 1924-1927: obtained by~. Mukerji with the courtesy Shri S.R. Zazharia.. 4 •. 1928-1938: compiled by the I. Mukerji on the basis of information available from various sources~ S. 1939-1964: Data from the :e~urns under the ?ayment of ~ges Act, 1936. Data. relate to amployees earning less than Rs. ZOO ~er month. Sources: (1) 1900-1949: Mukerj i, K., Trends in ?..eal Wages in the Jut: a Te.""ttile Industry 1900 co 1951, Ar-cha ~lijnana, ~rch 1960. (2) 1950-1964: Labour Bureau, !ndian Labour Statistics, :elevant issues.  - 115 - Table 3.30 (b): INDICES OF REAL WAGES IN JUTE TEXTILE I~IDUSTRY 1959 to 1976/i7 Ye~r Wages in Working Class Real Wages Index of Rs. Per Cc1ns~er Price in Rs. Per Real Wages Month Index 1944~100 Month at 1951•100 1944 Prices 1959- 84 137.l 61.3 119. 7 1960 94 141.3 66.5 129.9 1961 90 142.7 63.l 123.2 1962 101 151.2 6.6.8 130.5 1963 108 158.3 68.2 133.2 1964 121 171.0 70.8 138.3 1965 129 180.9 71.3 139.3 1966 140 203.5 68.8 134.4 1967 n.a. 224.7 n.a. n.a. 1968 173 241.6 71.6 139.8 1969 n.a .. 241.6 n.a .. n.a. 1970 n.a. 255.8 n.a. n.a. 1971 n.a. 261.4 n.a. n.a. 1972 274.l 1973/74 293 (291) 305.2 96 .. 0 187.5 1974/75 330 (337) 394.2 83.7 163.S 1975/76 384*(384) 406.9 94.4 184 .. 4 1976/77 403*(403) 409.8 98.3 192.0 Notes: Figures in brackets relate to factory sector. * Factory sector figures repeated. 1/ Annual average earnings (exclusing ~enefits) have been divided by 12. l/ The series with base 1960 have been converted to base 1944 by linking at 1960 to the series given in table 3 . 30 (a) Source: CSO, Annual Su~1ey of Industries, Census Sector.  - 116· - !able 3.31 CI!:lTr\. I!3 L-rtoN 0 F ',',·C·I~~:·: :~.::i' t~c- ~i!:L. \.T:m1 ru:cc:rvi:;a os.\H~i::.5..) . ."LL(N; .J....:·;c;:: ACCOD.DL~G TO ,..SA~lS 0F ?:\ J."~.fENT Industry group E~timated Percent:ige oi workers getting de:a.mess No. of J.Uownuce according w'oriters to con- Fut Income Ctllers getti~ sumer rat a groups dearness price aUowanca index (000) numbers r. ~ta~ufacturing Industries 20,70 68. 7 8.3 21.5 l. 5 (4U. 9) (27. 3) (30. '7) (l. l) {21) TexWes 10,82 97.7 l.2 l.l (53.5) (37. 5) ( 8. 9) (O. l) (b) Engineering -l, 91 24.5 2.0 68.2 4.3 (11. 0) ' 2. l) (85.3) (l.1) (c) Othen 4,97 49.3 29.3 19.9 l.O (32. l) (21. 7) (41. 5) (4. 6) II. Plantatiou.s 5,01 • 99.2 o.a • ( o. 3) ( 1. 9) ( a. 2) (9!.. 6) III. ?.lines 4,02 • 100.0 (81. S) c 2. 7) (10. ~) (5. 4) • Less than O. OS Note: F~res in parentheses relate eo First Oci.:upatio.aal Wage Survey. Soruce: C.K. Johri: Incomes Polley :ind Icdustri.:11 ::tei.'.ltioas - Shri R:im Centre for Ia.dus,ria.l Relations a.nd Human Rasourt:es, 197~, paga l.21.  - ·- -· ·------------ 117 - Table 3.32 DE-:\RNESS ALLOWA.•~CF. FORMULAE ADOPTED IN CERT AlN ~fAJ'OR INDUsrRI.Es ~:iture of Index Periodicity Industry Ra.tc per to whicb linked of revision point with base oeriod (Rs.) I Cotton T e.~iles l. Ahmedabad Regional Monthly 1.22 (1960=100) 2. Bangalore Regional Monthly '0.20 (1935-36=100) 3. Baroda Regiona.l.(Ahmedabad) Monthly (1960=100) 90% of Ahmada- 4. Bombay bad rate Regional Monthly l.25 (1960=100) 51: Coimbatore Regional Monthly O.JO (1935-:?6=100) G. Delhi Regional Monthly 0.23 (1939=10'J) 7. Indore Region.al Quarterly l.08 1960=100) 8. Kanpur Regional Monthly l.23 (1960=100) 9 .. Nagpur Regional Monthly 1.29 (1960=100) 10~ Sholapur Regional Moathly 0.91 (1960=100) ll. Weat Bengal Regional Quarterly l.15 (1960=100) II Cement All India CPI Quarterly (1960=100) l .. 30 m Jute Regional Quarterly 1.15 (1960=100) lV Engineering Regional (WB) Ouarterly 1.15 (1960=100) v Sugar All-rndi~ CPI Half ye::rly 1. 00 (1960=100) VI Steel All-India CPI G ..iarterly (1960=100) 1.30 Sour~e: ~·Iinistry of Labour. -·--··· • ·--- ·------ -------· ---- --·----.- -..._,_,~-.......-......_.., ___  f •j \ - 118 - "i ! !'able 3.33 1:~~~-'9\-'>&z ~rm&"" ~~c:~~~"'C~~~~ ;.,....• ~~\ s~ ~'"'"~:,::>11~\qjll ·. \...~- .:".\'.$) I J""~,'-~ ~ \~~ EiL 1_.s.c:.~ ~ 1°.':.l.. 1%? ~ \%T -11il 1<1 ~'J J-11.9 I I zo l S.5 1 13.J di:JOO u.cc S03 OuOO 1000 iluuo qooJ \luau 0000 QOJO il 20 z CJ4c 351 LJ~J 1. ~ :l5 915 LJJ 7 lV::! u.10 U7o L!> ::>4 LQ.3C l 72 I 9 a 'i 1 ~03 Z04 4H 714 Q~s Clo.:; o'u ~~... :;.ol lL 7 Q l'i~ 1l9 dl9 572 761 7'1 :i a92 :jQ5 !.18'to 945 9 75 1.0U U2~ 9o5 L2J 1. so.. I oa7 I 2·\J S Z06 400 7~ 1 4~d 1H ~7a 9~:; :;2~ ~59 SH 'HZ SoJ. 9C»u LO 15 009 L4US 00 l LZ. 1a 1.l't-~ 75 L lZ95 at 9 L43o LH 20~ HS '-2J. 275 ~!Jo 341 2.h .HO 't66 ""93 Z07 · l1S uzs lZ93 uo l I ~08 zoc; 760 4.25 Q05 5 :i.l a~~ 'tZ't- ~~4! 5o 1 Sol SiO 9Za bOJ 97't ~50 liJ5Q 701. 7'.J u~~ 17L 71-; soz Ir I 1951 2073 2U Z.1.2 ~ ~000 79 a4L llwOO. 'itl2 0.000 ·-jo't (llJOQ "9'3 ~000 Lu'ta (lOOQ ll 73 aooo L·'t-al U!>5 QOOO LZ91i lean 1.ZU Li.JS 1.601. u .. z l 7t,., l.30 l. 1.3 74 LU1. 1.2~1. ' l ZJ.J 607 41- lZ ~~o ~'fC. 1'8~ 552. t Zl't Z20 U'ta 1tc 1 79't 42() aq~ ~51. Ll't.? 415 1094 --~'1 lCoi -1072 ll49 lQZb Sl~ uo~ 545 un. LZ.ZS a"to LJ'tO lZ4J. oa5 L•J9 LZ6u oa 1.HU l.376 no l626 l443 655 Lo 78 .. ! ~J1 ZJ2 395 aa1t a~is ijQi 10.17 '7S5 70~ l.JH 1055 U2l. ~"tQ ~91 aso 1Z75 U9 l40~ 1bS ·L 14i .L.lZ2 lb29 uo~ 1.379 L.398 1soa 1498 j 2J.3 11' l'Jd 559 eaOi ns 690 699 : iJ9 .3.52 359 354! jQ l 't-2, 't44l ~o~ 241 loJ9 . 1145 1~.:t) .L ~-;a 2la'i 11SS l81Z. zzn 7.7&o Z.12~ 2.677 Z4a.4 l-:iZ.5 2013 ··- ZlZ.l Zl94 J.196 24-9~ jZ09 34L7 37S4 242 1111 'ac~ lo lS 2't3 103!1 lOdl lZ5o 1 \J ' .. ... ~ 1J9't l46C L414 ll59 Loo• L 770 L636 to7S 244 lit J.0 So5 102~ 7lZ 40 1022 1451 ll"9 945 900 .L~ll' zoqa 1.Sl3 z~1;sz;sc; :HS 738 HO d5S dol. 960 997 l.l aL lH>o QOU, 1347 l3 1•3 ZoO lZ6c 9 lZ 955 -iu7 lOoO 1290 1264 l.514 1310 1597 1754 133 z 'l 271 ecs 1398 H7 dZ't . -· 900 93tl aaa lll't> l091i 1.2~9 13.38 131.2 ~9<j LOSj l0a7 ll.14 1220 1007 1~04 l~Z~· loU L6od l8bo L999 280 ~.· Z'i 1 875 .L.Oo't J.tlJd U.32. -L23.l- L"° L ~ 1.402 l.o4o un 15"~ L989 La03 Z93 300 311 a9o aoa at:a a19 773 asa l07it> l:SoZ ao 1 LJ:H dc.J 1.JoZ lJ.4Z 931. 9H ll97 H:; U9o U9J l.080 Ll.5J. 1455 ll.53 U07 1.051 U95 1.~40 .L418 l1t-07 1.419 L6o.3 L196 l54o l&L3 L(ao .3 l4o9 rl .: 'r 312 5cZ . o.50 114 '15 J a..H 712. a7o 981 loZ8 l.l.~ 921 U37 ·.1 l~b~. ;; l Ul lOoS '7oZ L 113 LZlZ .31¥1; tJ94 7S5 d..i~ HS S11 l.L l1 -Z't2.9 1003 QOOO -- 250 4cU.5 H90 3830 3900 ' i I JZl lSa 11.Jb ~9 '0 43!> 2.495 l-'b1 l.75Z 2723 Z34o ,. : 3'9 730 547 lOb-1 l.~lJ LSoZ J.35 l 1.735 i.. I .331 3J2 445 79? SZ1 uz S7J. 77'1> -.~c ~'to QJa 305. 627 33~ 611 1059 oo't Ubo 9;~ 9Lo 921 1211 909 1236 93Z LZ35 .. I ·1· I 1oc; 73Z 780 795 LOlS Lual l 115 L004 lZS4 h 333 4do olO C.4!;; J .1 I• ' 3.H 8 i7 . OLO 7Za 780 a~Z a46 34c - 988 60~ . OOuQ 793 101.5 797 .. 1447 79l (10.Jll .HO \O~S 975 l 775 L04u 2.SZl LOL9 .~ l .... ~ 3.l9 3it 1 101.S 500 <na lOl.1 lJ1U U.37 1204 ll9Z l-'t78 14-41. 1577 1741 l 776 11 .3,.Z 1045 l0l:i9 1197 J.1394 USo l.l. aZ ll91. l4l6 L'90o L595 L1l5 Lo9~ :i 350 941 9JJ LO lo lJ't-9 UlJ L07a 122.7 uas l't57 1540 168Z 17o3 t loO 1040 l.lla:i csao Lill U40 l.Z.Zct lZ5J l50At loZ.9 1022 lS40 L92Z .r ! 370 99? LJ't~ 1051. 1.LZ9 lZOO 1Z4'4 1402 l449 toJ.() l 1Zl L668 l678 ; .L. .LJ1 ·-·120'1 .. J.738 l.l90 L90l L!t"to Z.~JQ zsz e Z3o9 ' 381 1178 .LOJ9 1050 3lS 2 109i lJ~l LZ9-J Uol. lo5o 1570 1755 1.901. i.aZ..i zzz~ Z553 Z306 r 383 <1000 ~000 0.000. l-iOC 905 (1000 au U.7'9- 'lOOO 1.170 1043 LS7l lZZb l4Z 1 1274 l45o lSOS 1563 Lb52 L92b 1999 ZlJ~ 3~4 L093 lO'to Q,a 847 9CI. gqz 9~7 1048 Ll 7l 1.088 LSZ.S l4d4 L479 1 na 385 ziu Looo zno l6llt 31~U Jol7 3q37 5057 'f 339 3eio 1430 2014 lu~S l3~J 11~, 2lo5 u 74 · lloo lZS7 Zo80 l.l l.4 l.4u9 uu L339. 1.oio 1aaz 1.090 l9l't> l703 l 797 2054 2005 :i 39 l U4'i L0o5 l.J.99 lZOa L.334 l'tl7 t! I USS l.iJ7l Ula lZl7 HU Ll.37 l.51Z Lo5Z. [Q4 l L793 392 l063 1019 ·1 39¥94 196.8 L~30 zo~a 1.1'75 la't8 Zlo3 Z352 l95.. Z.1.24 ZllS Z095 L9H ~l ~95 10.32 L1u0 Ula U63 1005 1Z56 Loas l 355 1050 ZU.2 Z'6J ZJ73 on 72b 397 375 94l 1044 UZ4 lil7 l.Z4ft. l~"tl L547 Lo.JS Zc;SJ95,39c; ,j 5 LlS1.2 lZ17 tSoa l3oZ l-=t40 ·--l-'..36 l'+oo. loi4 l 9.34'" U't-Z Z20.J ZlSS 2443 .:1 ~ :szl l.32C l'.l9 131& 1.~j U04- L.J 5"i l5'~ l 732 L 3't"t L917 ZLH Z L3L .~I ·- szz 2452 24'-S 83 l LOC10 as.; UZl 9'H l2.4'.t LOjo l~'d Ul.io UOJ l l.1 i; Uo5 L4oo 1530 LS a&. ~oao l4Zta LBS l l.'t-!>5 Z.043 UH~ l 9 Lt2 L 5 71. ·; ! ae1 :iO~ LO 70 L J4 7 L1. So lJ'to.'J l.Z4:i L,99 l.c:s.20 LOOI L7C)S L9 u~ 84.lt l ooo 7.L~ tu4 dOd dl: ~aJ 'Ha 9'~o • L122 Udo L2.~o 1..355 L4v4 ~~\\-"~~ '-~~~~""' ·-~.~ \~~~~ ·~~. I -~ ~"~ ~~. I ~ :.' C:.QC:.C:. \-- s.~~t ~ S~~1.~-\'4,S~~~ ~~·  '! \ 11 t - 119 - .. •, If Table 3.34 t ~ ~"~~,,:. \'\"M '\;, \ ~'~~~·"E~ ..i._~~ Yr= f\~l \j]c ~ ! \.....,.. iU.·,) i !.ill \ 9 c,o \ '\Gi I ~ ~ \%~\::. \'I b? 1'1~' J.SJLl ~ .lli1 iC?7o 1 201· ~ouo OOuO 0000 oouo 0027 . 1.049 ~000 QOoO 0000 Ouvv 15 7 s 15-;4 ! zoz l.07~ U.'t5 l't l 2 Uc4 ,,J lcO~ l.75<.i ~OOJ ~108 2..;:H .uoi 2~43 2od9 t I 203 s2c (:jl,) 701.) lf:d 769 9ll 944 lJl 0 L ~ l.1 lL36 lJ~l 204 _:,75 711 ~:i.7 ':d"t 860 !j84 ~99 Lo5a 1074 Lo~3 1817 l :; .. a t 205 ~06 12.H 5 l.3 56d U03 b-1'3 \~•is a90 \~1' 181 150J :Hv 1737 708 la 7' c!l70 575 ~94 Z024 ~74 2J83 l05 2 2663 LloZ 29Lo i 207 zoa 1126 209 15 5 548 10~ 1 !:U4! 596 l2b!l ~24 ooO lJ~:d <;92 120 l4Zo 849 121 l4ol r:io4 141 l!> 63 loa9 llti<J· 1015 182 S93 1.as1 1Zl1 9·ija c!O!>l l .. 89 9 lrJ 2217 L~26 1068 2266 u .. 9 l lJ 1. Ie 211 lO'tJ UOJ 101.Z LOO.: 1087 U5Z l .. 54 loJa 1!>05 lb 17 2017 1919 f asu l0jj4 lolO 212 213 1099 9 l.Z 2 l't . lll8 1007 U~H Ul5 l0o4 1100 1~'19 lO':i 7 l::>H 747 1584 12.)5 15 LJ iZlb 2540 1.395 l4a9 .Lo24 l. 7L7 is10 1710 Z!O 1 C:.404! 20.;)5 l 9~S 2419 2137 2030 2J.;,.5 z~.4o 2239 l l .. --~-~ zzo--- bl7 ooo 713 773 803 Sl.4 794i> aoa fj'i 1 CHl:t. 969 ll3L 231 lJ2Z L4 l8 l.5~5 1105 1777 1895 22.29 2408. l'tll 26l/ 2.12.9 Z89J 2J2 738 1 7'10 9oa 9::>4 l04a 1234 12 Cl4 l~l.Ji. lot a li'SZ 1866 Zl•Jo 2J3 -- 9 ::19 91:! 94~ 944 107~ u~a 1.21.9 l 0 7Jf 1502 J.Oo2 1789 Z0.:.3 2~9 .302 ~iJ'J 3ol it UC -'ta~ 52l 52~ 559 t:a39 724 710 72't 2-'t l 113!i lo"t5 1'~0 .. l5~:i l'tU 17.40 1825 L 764 1995 1985 2143 2556 -·------ 242 0000 243. ·-- SJO l 125 QOOO ChHJO 0000 <1000 QQOO 0000 OOOIJ aooo 0000 oouo '1\l~ 830 l lJ.0 lll5 1oso U.31 1221 Uo8 1457 L56'J L 71.3 244 ooao 00\JIJ 0000 Ql.lUC ~000 QOOO ~000 QOOO 0000 0.000 aooo a.o.Jv 2 51,2 5 2.,25 9 71: ao1 8 lEI 003 ~!H \OJ+ lOoa U.Z9 12~9 U44 1387 L.52 Z 2b0 ll 7ij L.tt39 1Z51 1..:US l505 lo lo Lo!'j7. l.94o lO~~ lJ.94 2935 3037 ... 271 uoa 13.:)3 140=> 1490 159a 101a 1.67~ l~9o 2081 ~J.:)S 2595 23.H .. 280 14.32 l 5 .l.3 lo 1.a laJci loo"t J.oZo Z0.30 .. Z2Zl Z414f. un 2995 .H77 .! 291 10 Sit 11.01 11. 98 ll.J 1 12So ll" l'tdo 10-11· UU.4 1905 2005 2047 293 1Zb4 1~49 15::i 1 idle 1532 15o2 1939 J.d79 UoZ lo39 2008 16~6 300· 170~ 1161 iooi 2lU 2344. Z't"tZ Zo05 2~00 ,a:;g H~U 3523 36L'+ 311 1022 1641 Ulo1 1528 (078 ll98 22 78 '"'31. zac.a H.l~ 3449 3od3 312 a59 J.IJ5o i.ooa l'- n U.90 lZ.11 1544 l.i:ulS 1.SOb li.39 J.539 l634 . ;.L~.H9 ·-· 1400 1sa2 17ld LdU io~a 2!30 ZJ~i 2590 zacs 1 JZ9o 3481 3690 -·· 3Zl 31i4 l~o4 1508. '9054 1588 4~44 1tli1t ·L9JQ 4osz l9a9 't385 4461 4946 !)85:;) 6334 7372 !I JZ9 l!:iSZ l7 37 1970 23.L.b . 2b72 ZS lo Z.977 3J98 I 3.H 813 es1 9U n9 96~ 1009 103Z ll.Sl U07 uo~ 1370 1442 H2 907 HS 968 lOJS lll9 U~o 12o9 1425 1.bU 1·1,a 1867 L9o5 .H3 a12 ~62 900 :J91 902 1091 1.241 l.370 J.45~ J.HJ. l677 t 900 334 1293 lit lo lo79 1 I c't 1901 2071 Z33o lSZ6 2723 2,1.j]b 3107 302Z .H9 .. 963 'iao 982 1J40 1206 l24a 1~86 l.566 lood L HO 1868 z 121 ...... 341 l7aS l.Uo 1908 ld''t ioso lla7 ;!54o Z9.35 J2U J't3~ 3494 3972 !~ 342 156 7 l1cJ 1aoo l ·HJ 206\l ~104 2248 Z510 3140 .j/t04 3562 3975 350 13 lZ lJlb 14~5 1~02 l.5 70 loaJ 190'to 21.97 '-~1'-t 4,j75 2616 29l 3 360 lJ it: l4jQ lo,5 1722 lc.'t g 1 Uoei 2054 Z2.J6 Z4o9 2634 2951 ~2.0& ''.. 370 1505 38 1 ·-··1a SJ l50<J 16f.18 l7 l8 1898 lS86 196.3 l 9_,.l 21~1 l4l0 ~b,Q t.9 "a 3295 3643 l S'i4 l760 l:HS 227~ Z574 2647 Ju21 3119 315 7 3d2 1'343~ 14j5 1747 l 177 lli7l ,085 225'7 2490 2579 t.111 2969 3304 ,. .. !· 383 115~ l5~3 1334 2Jl7 ZU5 2Z;)4 Zft.1' 2649 . 1S'SO 3'.U 3576 4l34 ~ ·: 384 385 3dt; 30l4 389 ... 1U3 J..Z59 150<; USO 1580 3Zad Q.001). 1404 1.74l 3807 l53b uaa 4,0! Q.000 ·- ~JuO 1.577 . 1934 ~aaa 'l)Qy . 1382 lo SJ 1~a1 5~'t4 1795 2Z47 5~73 LJ_jj 1 715 Zl56 2478 2110 0011 72bo 1657 25i;) ~.J 75 2672 IJ9ol 2482 2601 2613 8196 2735 20Ja 3467 9762 42•J3 1 d i J91 392 1331 111 L4.3o l054 1600 ll02 1476 llJ.5 1"14 l!> l.Jol lZ!al 't' 1011 144a l95'to i!.1.0J. L4aO 2.Hl t..J':i4 ~905 2371 Z'H5 2721 3913 J l 393.,3 94·. 1411 l:; ~ 1 1J91. lib5 1360 U5o lt>9 7 ,009 Z29J -'402 26Z7 2835 ·1l 395 2141 2lJO io3o 23lu 238) 33U 3~li 3690 't\J3 l. 3897 .3571 454 l .!! ' Z~2}95,39~ 837 95~ 1001. l06.l l.1. oo lZ03 l.3.34 LS08 l7ou 1993 Z39 3 Z3ao I 51~12 - 153~. l 729. L~ov l54o 134 7 ll08 1323 1523 lBU 1922 1872 220 9 521 OtJOQ OuCO QOOu ~JOC QOOO QOOO QOOO ~000 Q.OuO ~uoa Q.000 "1000 ·1 522 QOOQ O.OOu Q.000 O•JiJO ~\.1\)0 ~JOO a.ooo a.Joo o.ouu a.ooo ~000 ·lOOJ o3l OJOO O.OuO a.000 Ou JO ~ouo Q.000 a.ooo 0..000 a.ooo ~000 a.coo Q.OO J ! i 944 Q.JCO 0 JtJO Q.000 g .JJIJ Q.000 a.ooo Cl.O~N a.oou lluOJ a.ooo a.coo c.oo J LOOO ll. c; 7 a." u tJ27 1009 Loe=> l::> j ~ Lab" zO't~ ZZ!10 ~4,9 25o3 2~J 7 ~i§t \ \'"' '~~'-!"-~ ~~~ \. ~~i.J..~, ~ ~~0<:". - ~~ ~~~ ~'~ ~~ ~~~~lo~~-~., .. ' ....~' ~-  '· ' - 120 - ' Table 3. 35 - i • .ij'\~;;, . ~:........... ~~,.a.. ~ - ~·~~ -~_1-" ~ • ..: '·'»--\;n.i ~ ~$1: ~~~~ ~'-~~ ~ i ~ c:-1 G. 191::i ·! r · 1...• · N.t h~M.~~~ ~ ill.! J3J:k .liU Llfdi ~ Jjg 1%7 1%8 1'fC,'? 19To . · - r- - - I ZOl d57 734 OOuv l,o:; lOZZ l04Cf· ~OOv 0001) Ov.JJ 000\l L575 1593 zu2 LOlo lujl u~u u~~ L:4o 1110 190-Y l'ido z~~J ~~.:,.~ 2395 2547 Z03 49" a.H ool fjl ns 7U 3S~ 929 lJO~ Uav l.J9L LJ46 I za4 saz 7d d~9 :i5a 793 1:u fJoo 9aa luji l3'1c L72S L430 I i · zos Z06 4'15 1040 .:,.;.j lli.l4 i":s'} U.1:. ;34 l1l:1 oZl 1.327 007 l4a2 at-:t 1575 590. LdZQ IV l1~" 757 l:ild SB 2l99 90o 2.3d1. 201 l21t S4u Uo..; 1.4l.:. 1297 U25 l45l 1!>49 lo2l l lao l95o 20Jo I zoa. ac;1 1zs a40 i5l a59 '141 1.094 1021 u11 U!>5 uaa u:,1 ~ zo9 526 :;a~ ~1.~ oao 094 1u 1so asz . ~~o 9~c, ~93 l·J L9 Zll. \aoo LIJoJ 992 i<;o U\o l1'3a 1591. 12a2 1..!125 loZ5 1993 1955 ZlZ 9l2 o'i~ U.75 l~'i9 l\l(i4 Z2lb <!540 lolJ Z~7 2J~a Z3l3 2233 ZlJ 1059 974 1031 Lu4~ 1~1 l.J9o . l'tSo liJa lol.5 ~S.35 L9oZ z44z .·.J Zl4 1l42 -· iOZ 95l L,54 l.H9 l2~4 L3Sl Vto8 1740 J.b74 l 799 1963 z20 ~53 ~o!i ·ara ~!Jc ta72. ·;z1 7Z.J cUa d47 aoo 92b 10:;4 Z31 1:30~ -l.-.:.4'.3 •. 1505 .. la/5 - 1745 1.So3. 2lSZ Z.JS8 24JQ 25oJ 2672 Z323 232 852 7'io 3o~ l044' lO!iJ Uo"t LZ ]fj L-f"3~ 1703 J.ea1lt- la75 l940 ZJ.3 ZJ9 3;.a1 ,"t.,.-·- a-;o Hl a74 JS9 ~•.l 397 1oiz lOSO Ho · 'fi9 U4a soa ·<:M'- 559 l4ul Qzg lito,j9 12a lo4Z 103 1355 7l4 z~1 1440 La4o 1sa~ 11aa 1s1s 175~ 1a22 191~ z~z• 216• 2366 2s2J l4Z Ulo ZOQJ 1675 laZ4 (.077 ~1i2 2193 ~195 24il. ~ia:r 34LS H8L Z'tJ 9zz-· i;ijl 99J lJ99-LZl5 H77 121~ LZJl. 14oi. J.557 LSSJ Lo99 244 141.0 doj l.023 HZ 10ZZ l't.51 Ll49 945 900 uoz 2098 LSle Z.5J.,Z52ZS'i 110 1aa 9Jl 301 sn ·~er' 1031 llSa un tfJ.SI uo1 142.'J ""uao ll.96 L.Hea U<lJ 1i;a 1399 15.34 l5o5 I.al• J.977 ~Ol.o 2002 2100 211 lioa · .uao lit~~ 1i.21 1537 1Ql9 11c;o J.3.3o 'ooz 'Zli 24o5 Z~4l zao 12~3 J.JJl l4"a l4o~ 1s13 L54i 1a3~ zuoo i117 l40J 264a z793 ···291-- 912-'l.OU -·u~~-lUL-LZo,--1,jzs-··1449-·-10~0 L/9:; l7S-' LS9'i L9~o Z93 931 9~0 ucss l u l 12J7 1ic;1 l.300 l'5o0 Ll)Q 15 LS 1722 l oZZ 30·0 Uaos-· LoJ~ 1872 ZiJ11ti 2150 Z25o Z'>~o ZS72 :lt»~4to J094- 3193 34LZ 311 l52i LSo1 J.79o la44 ic;77 Zlld ·Zl74 Z.3.45 27~1 l95~ 3271 3508 312 7a5 953 578 lZZJ 1140 lZJo L.. ia l578 1510 L~JS 1492 lo~3 31.;.u<i l2JO lJ7S 1522 lwOlj. 115't UJ92 L9o3 2229 2•,j.i 15~ 2944 30lL Hl . 31n.-··Ht!z··· '3,aa - lf.'10-·-<\V9l··-·oa2 't.30d !t4Z.7 4921 SHi 6ZS5 7253 J2c; U<H l.4·91 L57J uzo lnij 1984 l9oc i32l Zo-.3 c:~a'f> 2%4 335L I .Hl 141 775 ~·,j 3U 313 908 950 L00.3 1ioo Ll'n 1235 LZ73 3J2 901 'l2"' 94a <;i;5 1099 ll7o LZSo 1408 UH Lo7Z. 1789 1aaL I 333 334 791 840 lZ92 H~ 1~13 1~14 3a2 llol 941. 190~ lOU 2071 1209 Z3l5 J.335 Z5Z~ l4lo l723 1490 i9~1 1599 3086 l 729 3013 I I 3J9 808 314 HO ···asr-- 980 ·1112 LiJ.Z lZSJ l~7S l40o 1503 1654 341 1708 11'-tZ 17&~ LlH ,017 ~U't z-.;~ iau 311.3 JZ51 Hl't 37lb ~-· I 342 350 1435 U't5 LSd5 1.1 :a 111~ 12 7o lQ4a 1365 i.aa9 u 17 1.Ha~ l't't 7 200J Lool z2s6 192• 2~a1 l 9't1. ~913 2000 JLZ6 22 Ll 33~9 Ztt~ l 3oO liso lJJJ l3o5 LSLS 1570 Loal LS4J za~~ '24-'t 2344 2~21 t7S' 370 l't26 1411. 1o08 lo"97 1825 Uij~ ZOlij Zll.a 2!;3d U~u 3Ll.O 3379 381 lS3 7 . la 7l l75d l :;55· - US9 . l.9't9 22 aO ,534 2613 J(llo 3099 H3 L J82 flSO l"t9-'f. U4ij 1175 1870 ~083 2~.Sd Z~o9. Z!>7J Z.11!i 2968 330l I 383 us~ 1sia lS34 ZJLo z1J~ 22.l4 z411 Za48 tea'° .jl2-' 3510· 4l23 3a4 119~ l~J7 1lJ9 1~2~ 147~ l)i9 1722 1673 Z~l~ ~z~~ 2431 ZbOl 1 3a5 l86 144 l Joao lSZZ J'l! l686 :o74 l 740 ~~os 1872 ~5Si l.91t0 54Jl zzoz '4~~ z~u ~~LJ 265 7 704l 4819 9ou7 Z56Z 7949 340~ 9529 3d9 l2l1 LilSS ll~' L.l74 llbO UOO L.315 L.325 1~35 l1S8 1969 a:H6 391 l292 L~Z7 147'to .1 .4lZ 1.it~J lHS lo3d lo50 Z077 Z~2!> 2275 2b2Z 392 9cQ LOJ3 llZ'> 1.JSO 124>~ L4lt5 LZ99 L34Z ZJ3l ztt.ZO 2384 3136 . ·\39~· l7oi. ldoZ Lb12 1-:.as l't'iC. l.441 l774 zooo Z2b5 2350 Z705 Zb79 394 189! lS 74' 2"1 ZoZ.3 2566 3u Z3 3~11 J't16 34-11 ~JZL 3l90 3740 ZS2,l9~39'i 766 !Oi·•a 955 'io5 lCSCI uio Li.J3 U7'9o LS~"' l.Ti:!S LCJ4Z L985 511~12 l'9a2 lg'io·-1729 Lj45 ·1~.1to" ll09 U29 HZS uu l.923 1373 220~ sz 1 uz a l2 l9 u 1c. l 4~ 3 l.JO.tt usa 1s20 l.7~u lS-'>4 J. 911 2 u4 zu 1 5ZZ lOc;c l..:21 1.249 L't5d 1303 lJ65 L530 Zba5 1651. zo~~ 2152 2448 !;~1 844 lOuO dSi ao1 110: 953 di.l't- L'.JZ LJ.30 l.070 UQ4 l.U() l0-.7 l:+ul Ll79 u.ao 1471 l'too 104!) l5o3 LSid lZtt~ 17.34 LiZo l299 1898 l4:d u1.;o ZOS9 l~l.2 J.001 2i.zz l9La L705 Z355 L57t t9Lo 2552 j ~: I· \'~ ::..~~~~ 'M....).,~f.~ ~ ~~· J !. ' (l ~ tC - 1) .\S.-, ~e:i.~ ~-:.., ' . , j ., ~~~\. :~~~~!.~~)~"""\ .:-.~ ~ \.__, l,.• ~ ~..__," ~ 1. ~~ - . ~ ~'; \~~~ ~ ~ ~"~~\ ~-:.- -· ~ .... • ! ~ j ., ;.1 .. - 121 - Table 3.36 li ·I l ! I c\ \)\~-1~ fS"\.J ~~ 1'TIJ_ t\~I '2:i~~ S"J::~'\..: \ 9Cf9 t l'liG ~~~ l I 1 "~ 1.Tll ~ fill 1%1.. ~ 1~fu& ~)(,5_ 1%(, .i.m l'1b9z illil. 1'710 zat u.JS u •.h a.uJ o •.J.J 0.J::i ;.cc o.uu o.Jo Q.J~ o.J.J o.JJ o.1J "J 2 a •4 a .J • .l 4 1,J • .,, 1 o • .:. a c• .3 :J o. 3 c c. 4 c o• 't'i- o •:; J v• 5 " u •o o o •o ..: I I ~ J:.i .;;.,~ O.O Je.J.::. vi,jl O.J't J.41 J.<!S .J.42 0e'4ii J.:.l J • .:::i~ C.5J .! 2J4 Q • " 'j ) • .JI) _; • j 0 Q• j 4 Ce j 0 U• 3 l Q• j d U • j '1 U•j l J e _, j U •0 J Q•5d o• .::.ii a.,j o • .:,...i o.j/ 205 2u6 ~\J7 2:J8 c• l o.<:4 C.35 .;l 0.~:; .J ; .::. ~ J.d ') • .:.i l J.c:~ .; ._, I J.d •J • _, I v. 34 ..J.~J v • "t l C. 3 l J,2./ C• 't .J J.'.jl C. j <; J.l.'1 J• 4 l (.i,J4 C•.Vi u.J2 C• 4 ~ u • .,I,) 0.35 0 • f.t.4 J • .;:i v •S 3 u.44 u .'+ 7 J.4J u.;:, '- J • .:.::i u • 5 '.:I o.4.s 0 •53 C.6J O.oJ Ii 21) s O. Zd .;l I,) • 0.~9 J._,l J.3~ 0.JS J.j9 J .42 ..J. ""' J ... !> 0.45 I C!ll c .4 c J •.H u.4J· 0.3d C.C:4 iJ.4't u.53 O.~a iJ .c d u.o7 iJ .1 a O.d4 I 212 Q. CJO a .Jv Cl. w•) a. ·"'J '1.JJ '1.Ju a.JJ Q.Jo u.55 J.ol IJ .:; a C.So 2l3 C.d J. id l.i • '..>o u.J/ C.-'O u.co 0.01 0.02 v .34 o•.;)2 u.s~ o.ss 2L4 o.~r l).j, .; • .J 'i ~.4o a.4o J.4a 0.4o ~.SJ .Q.S2 "'· 5; o .::>s 0 .6 L 220 C.d J. '" \j.2't- u.Z.3 c.ztt a.2.a o.34 0.20 0 •..H o.~v 0 ... :; o.4o 2.H o• .;J iJ • ..lO . ·J • .:.;; J.4o 0.4o ).4a o.52 o.so J.64 .J. Q 7 :J.lC) 0.7o 232 a. 4 l J .31;1 '-'· 4j. u.47 c... a v. s~ C. 5o J.oo 0. To u. ]'j v.a 3 o .as z.,3 J. 31 u.j.; a.j.a ;.;.Jd 0.46 J • .)9 o. ~o J • .lo 0.jJ ·J. -.9 v .o l 0 .6 7 2J~ a.2a J. ~::a v. 4~ J.~d C.213 IJ.~; c. 3 l. iJ.40 a .4o u.47 0 •.5l 0.53 241 G.od O.od'\J.7::S J.oo O.'i.:a u.31 0.32 0.98 1. l 9 l.2J 1.lo l.L 3 Zlt 2 c. 1'i J.ol J.ov a.~4 a.a. J. <i:j l. 03 L.Cl4 l.l5 l.j~ l ........ l .63 243 C.46 J ... ~ J~57 J •.B a.o l J. 7l 0.37 J.sa o. d 1 o. 34 o. 7l o. 77 244 a.tc J • .Jo u.'+ .. ·J.JS '·"" o.ac c. i;4 0 • .:.:, 0.3~ v.5o v .-14 0.69 2!1 l~SU :S9 c.;: oJ • .,4 IJ.4j J.JS o•.:H J.4, 0.44 J .SL o.sz J.5j O.B 0.6~ 2tJO u.,sa a ... ~ tJ ... ~ u.:;o c.-.4 J.ss c. 56 ·J .o4 0. 7 -1 0.0'1 0.10 0 .. 79 271 C.;3 l).j:; ~. 2. l ~.4L 0.46 J.4i o.2s J.5L o.4a ..Je 5 1 \). 5 ~ C.5d ZdC C.44 J .~.l c. t.tl o.sc c.~u o.sc c. cl <1 •. 4Q U .od o.7-' u.oo· O.d~ o. 72 v .d•) . 291 C.3a o.~,. O.oi ·J. 6 7 0.30 2':i.3 30.0 a.3a .. -~ _ 1.. ... 0 ... ~ J.-.J tJ G .).:> .j.43 iJ. 4-i ~.H Jd1 u.45 J.~1 O.'to c.s1 o.~J J.57 o.su u.4l c., l lld~ 0 .0)5 o.s1 v .:;,j ~.ov u.od 0.1~ J.o.j o.oo 0.71 0.67 Jll C.4C J.jd 0.4l J.4e C.<il IJ.Si C.H 0 .57 0 .5 d 0. 74 u .oa a .o;; 3Ll a. ,9 iJ • .Jd o. ~-7 .J • 44 0 •4 ~ J .J 1 J.JS 0.47 0.11 o. 51 J.'+4 a.st .jl.J ..H<; c•.; 2 -J .Jo Q • ..) 1 v.j~ c.~i o.4d 0.44 0.49 o •.:..~ o.:>o 0 .5 ~ o.ss " 32 l o• .; 1 le4J J. 76 O._o'i O.d7 O.OO O. ZJ O. Lil ,.4J l.o .. L.oJ 2. t1 a.s2 I.) • .:::><:! u.:;0 a.so c•. 11 o.1s c.ao l. u 3.2 s .H l JJ 2 o. '7 u •.u ~ .,~ O.'tt! ·J .... a ~.4v . o.i~ iJ.~1 o.Ja J.Jo c.4o a. 'tl 0.4.J o. 4d O.J9 iJ .59 Q.,SJ 0. 5 ~· O.SL v.7~ J. 5.J iJ.o7 l. · ' l J • .; ~ o.o9 l .•JO o.s4 O.o4 333 o.,o vo U O• .JJ J.~J O.J~ u.32 J.34 0.42 u.4o .J.4, u.5.l C.52 334 C • .Ja 1) . j j c. _j:) u.~7 C.41 0. 00 0.4.3 O.o"t o.uu J.73 O.o!> 0 .9 l ~H \). 29 o . a J.:,,l •J.~6 O.JJ Jd5 0.33 ;;>.~a 0.44 J ... ~ J.4 7 Oa45 341 0.41.l J.4J J.<+Z IJ.4c C.4'1 0.51 C. SJ o.oo tJ .o(J v.13 v .10 o. au HZ 0.4/ J.4~ C.4-:1 J.4.i O.::>l J.Sl O.SJ 0.6~ o.~s J.o~ 0. lJ 0.10 3-'0 C.42 0 ... ~ ~.40 O.'tc C.47 0.4i: O. 5 L o.atl o .ol o .oo o.u5 o.7d 3o0 (). 4 4 \J • '15 ~.B J.-.1 o.~s J.SL o.s3 J.t.4 9.10 o.7.J 0. 7 ;j 0.93 370 Ce't4 0 ... :;, u. 4 s c. 5 0 i;. 't:; o. 5 5 C. al u.02 U.7l J.7~ 0.72 0. 7J 3dl c. 4 3 o. :;o c. 4 l 'J .SJ C.5'7 J. 7o J .oJ 0.6l o.oa l. l.5 l .U l.26 Jd2 c. 4c; .) • :ld a.;,r o.~1 c.e:1 v.10 c. 73 o.o, o .~u o.~J l .J 7 0. '.19 3~3 o. ~ ~ t.Jv o. j1j u .56 o•.H1 o.Jv J.4L a.so o.JO J. ,5J u.'+~ a. o 1 c. '+ 5 ~-'~ o.so c.,c! u.sc; o .ao u .o 3 3o4 I) • -1.3 C. 6 L 0.08 J.~~ o.~9 Jd5 c. 3 ( ·J. J l ~.:lo w.~6 0.41 J.4o J.49 0.4~ o.oo J.oJ u .6 7 a. 11 3cic c. <ic •J. ;,. J.o5 Q.78 C.QO l..09 1. lo L • l '1 L .o4 l.:>o l .o 9. 2 .J L Jo<; (J. 5 u 0 .. 4o C. '.Jo v.57 u.~L J.5o ·J" 56 a.so 0.76 o. l'j J. 1 .J a. ai; 3S L a.4c; J. 't:::> J.:H 0.5.; C.5c ~.cl C. bO 0.59 0.19 J.dl J .d l o .a 1 :; '12 0.4; l). 47 a.::iv J • 4o a. 49 J • .5 <!. u•43 0.4d o.~z J. 1l o. 72 c.1c; .B33'14 c.e.3 0. al Cd5 o.c;~ c.a1 iJ.'i1.t 1. aa 0. il2. 0.9d 0."14 o.~J 0.84 j..,' C.4S J. ~'• J • .:>, Cl.41 0.'1-d J.55 o. n 0 .17 0. :f.O 1. 02. l •l5 l.10 o·. 1 .! 2.'JZ_j<;;,Jc;c; C.Jc J • .;~ a.. _,o u • .;a C..4L a.4d o. ;u 0.53 0 ·", iJ .o't- 0 .10 a • .:a J. ;::s o.1a o. 6':t ;lll5LZ , ,2 c., '~l . l. \,) .:,:, a. :.i.:.. u. :;Jj, o.s: J • o.J 0 •5 T C.4~ v •o l o. ::5 J.o3 C. So a. J s 0.83 0.01 0. 79 o .oa u. ]j u. 7';) u.9J 0 .d l u .d' L. J 3 o .a 2 o.~1 C.4C a. :H c. 4o o.;,.:, C.'td J. 52 0 .58 a • .) s a.as dJ L a.4, ,) • jlJ ~.~;:) J • .J'J c.~:> J.oJ a.ob a.so J .6 6 J. SI.to a.,4 a •...> a •). J:..> C.4-. u.4:; C.::C a• .,. 1 a. <+8 0.57 0.71J o.o.l 0.74 o.&J ~ l..luu o• .;: J • .) .. c. j:,) } • ..)'1 u.• 41 .J • .:,.4 Q.,4g o.;~ o.ss ~.cl o.a5 Q.6'1  i '~ ~ - 122 - 'I \ ~ 'f 1 TB ~l::S-43~1 l 1 ~ \\ ~;- ~\J .1."i"J ~Sl .t -re j \'~Sic ~ \9(:,i. \%3<....~ ~ tlil.. J.li1 ~ J:lil \9/0 . ! I o.:; J o. J•.J o• ._iJ c. ~ <.. .j • .:,.., g ••}J .u O.uJ I) .o 7 Q • .-:I 1 .... ... a.".., ":.: 2. 2u 3 284 Ja .,j. a.'~ J. ~;j ·J. j'1' i) • '.:l :;) G• j . l :.:. • 2.l ;) ., ..J.3't .: C.j~ J. 2-:t v •. o 7 ....... .:·~ ..) • ..1.:l c. Jd u • ..10 0. 'd J .j'-1 J '4..J a J. 'U.. J.~11 •J ..;. J .:;)~ J • .:d J .5 2 J. lo l. 2 7 ·J. 54 C.64 ..J • ..1 "' 2)5 c.~s J. J•J _; ·~3 J• ..1"t c• .:; 0 u.... t 0 • .39 0 • .:,.3 0 1J.:;) l J .:,..., O.o; 2J6 c.~a J • ;o i:.Gl 1.1.5d ~ .Q~ J • 7..; J.75 .J • ::: ..) J J. ':1d l • Ll. L• ~:; u... 7 J.-; ., z. u .-10 21,) 7 2.0d zuc; G..,4d ~.4'S J. J. J. ~'i "tQ Jj .._.:;,c;. ~ • ..10 ~-..ll ..J .4~ IJ .... ~ c. d o.~1 c..:~ u. ci .) o•.B ... " c. 6 5 u.4u c. 3c u. lL i).44 tJ .45 i.) u J. 00 I) -.J. 9 Q .-.o. >J .o u.~o l O.~Y 0.67 0.54 2l. t ":" 4 J ...... ~- ... .l a.;.. 1 .J.34 O.jo ;J .4Z 0.64 a ~- 7\J u • .;;~ 0.79 ~l~ a•.) 1 u. J-' ~.::iJ c. f.t1. o. c't c. d3 ..; • :; 7 1. .J4 0 J.-JI ~ • l. l L .00 d3 \j. 4 J J ..il c. 't<J ) .4 l Q. J.::) l 0.5b ,j,.J o.:,a 0 J. ~j J .~ 1 l. t 4 llit a.~1 ·J. JQ ~. 5 L \,). c:.: u. ~Q ,J .o..l o 64 a. e4 0 .1l 0 J • .)7 0 .'it l .JO 240 C.4v J. i.t() C.41 J .~ii a.5'1 '·· .;;a v.o4 u u. 77 oJ. l1 c.:; 7 BL c. 5 i •J •'-' L u.o~ I). a'i c. H a. u. c. a1 o .n 0 .J.·H l .J" l •l l ;uz 00::4 J •Jo C •.H J •"'"' o.:.~ J.s, o. , .. u.H u I). /9 u.a,, a.n 2J3 0.4C iJ • .., 4 o. -.J J.4L c• .:.o u. 'ta c. 53 o.S:i 0 o. n tJ .• 7 a o .a 2 ZH a.'"' J. i~ ;,;. ~ '1 J .c:.~ o.~, O.J4 0 • .J5 a.~q 0 iJ. :..1 i.) .~'1 0.49 '!t . Z'f'Z L c.s~ 0. co J. 15 J. 12 C.o.:. J. 7tl '· l:J o. 11 c. 7'7 Ow ;jJ a.ou Q.J\J o.oo o.JJ a. 75 a.Ju a 0 0 .ol o. JJ l. .JO o.Ju l.~3 O.JO Ztt 3 C.J7 J .... 1 ~ • .Jo l).~c; ,,. 4 '7 Q. 4G a. su 0.53 0 tJ.:J7 J • .;a I) lJ. 77 z,..4 O. JC 0 • .JIJ Q. IJJ o.~o o.J" O.Ju 0 • ..)J O.JO ·J o. IJJ o.J.; n. J.) 251d22:..; C.-:J J.Jo c• .Jd I).~ 1 c. ]~ O. ~ L c• .:, 5 I) .'t9 I) iJ.5'1 v ·"., 1J • .;4 lo-J C.5~ J.c4 J.55 ..:i.5"1 IJ.~d J .cd J.o9 J .02 0 1).9.) l.. ~Q l. 2" 27 l u.; l •J. '~ ~. ~ l. o.c:J c. el J. cd c. /0 o. 74 \) l.l • '1 L l .Ji.) l • Lt ZciC v.co J • o.;a .;. 1... J.75 0. 77 .J.~J o.~~ J.~'i \) l.2.'+ l a..l 1 L. 4 Z 2S l C.4:i i) • ..,u C.;,l J. 't 7 c~ : .. u. 3Z c. a.2 o.o7 tJ J. 79 v .~u 0.3S l93 O•;"I ;J. l 0 c. ;.) J. 79 0 • .;,,3 .,J .oo 0.3 l 0 .so 0 J.al J.~3 a.o 1 Juo c. 7<i 0." l ll.~., J.~J 1. 00 1. 0:5 1. lO L.ZO 0 L .4"1 l. .:;o l.oo i· Jl l O.oi J. ;1 c. 11 .J. 1~ a.~ 1. o . . so tJ.37. O.'i5 0 1..u· L.~o L.3Z i :.Hz a... c J •:. T 0 .... 1 0. 5 l c. ::i l Ya 5 ~ c. aS. o.oo 0 o.~d u.o4 0.70 i .H3 ..H9 3ll c. Q (u. 7v \:. 1:, l.3C l . 5.) l. ;> ~ J.~l o.~9 1. 1c tJ.92 0.'19 L.l.S l .17 0 v L. 41. ~. '+.1. l .J.3 z. .JO t.H 2 .91 }l l.. Q't l. dC L. 76 ;1 32c; ~. 5: u. ::i ... '·-' .:s o.oJ 0.10 0 .11 o .a 1 O.H J l.J~ l.24 L.34 :;3 L HZ c•.J a J • .>-i \j. -..J c.;~ J.~ o• .:..z J. \J.4't '+~ c. •'3 o.4o u• .:, 7 0.4'1 c. :,7 o.sz 0 • .;, o.s9 I) J J ·•.) L .J. n •) .o4 .j. ~ 0 O.H a.35 lt JJ3 c•.) .. o •.h ~- ..ll:i iJ.:i5 C.Ja l.l • .:..: c. 4~ O.jo Q \J .oJ J .ll 0.7d 3J4 c. 4d \,). ~" C.o2 -.J .o5 o. 7L u. 77 0 .~c:a .J.95 J l. L~ i.. L 9 t. ·)6 I i 3H c•.~4 i) ... ~ ~- .:,j v • .:.4 c. :ll o. 5~ c. 5 7 o.oj 0 iJ. Q., v•B 0 .? l i' 3'ti L c. l1 J • I& c. 71 ~.N 0. :Sl.t J.do 0.99 L. L5 0 1 • .)"'I l .... 3 1. 6J 3-+Z c.es J • 12. c. 7 4' ll. 17 c. dl v. cs5 c. c; .3 L • \JS 0 l •.H l .H 1.:,1 ~:)0 c.so ..) • Q L .;. oJ w.os a.o.a J. 7_, o.~o J.92 J l. v~ l. l .. L.25 300 a.2i 0 ~- 7l .Q. . o. 74 c. 7.J a. ci C. S"t o.cH 0 1.10 l .J L 1.38 HO c. u.: J. J. 15 QQ u. 75 u. a.) u .a 1 0 .~Ito L.-Jo a J.. l~ l .4.l· L.59 3dl 3i>Z C.cJ C.b6 ·J .. dZ J. QT ~~ J.~J 7o o. oc J.::u. a. a' o. d s a. '1Z :; • .:s5 1.va L • L.5 oJ a l.~Q l.~1. l •.H l •.iT t.55 l.51 ~.i.::a Od"i .HU c. i.:: tJ. Jv c.~z iJ. a e C. S2 iJ. 9a 1.oz 1 .is I) l • :+(. l. • :,.:.. L.77 3d4 c. 5 ~ J. , ... ..;. o L ,;,. o!> a.~~ .j.o~ v .15 ~. 35 0 l. 1,o1 L L.J~ l. 2~ .., a , JtJ5 3~6 J(jg a.cc 1. lo ~ .5 2 0 • .,;,~ l. 4J O.Jo iJ. H 1.s~ 0.JJ 0. 7<; l . 77 G.uo c. c"t l .9d !1. ~J iJ. i:c 4. L~ IJ • .::o c.~5 L. 1 ~ c." L.05 z•.Hi rJ. 72 lj 0 l. "~ 4. 44 l.. la .;.~a l. • J..l L.44 4.35 l. a L ·1 . t .J. """ Hl C.57 J. o5 ~. 7..J Oaao J .o 7 J.oo J.75 o.oo a ~. iJ'+ 1.ub L. l S ,. :; «; 2 a.~~ J ....4 ~.'td tJ ... , c. cu iJ .. 5 't c. oz O.'td 0 L ..Ju l..d L • .:aa . .l'HJ~4 .;. (JJ J.dS J. ,., J.;;~ 0 .6 l o.ol. 0. 75 0 .u a l. ~'i l. • Jo;, l. 2 7 I )~5 c.~1 iJ • ..;~ l. l.l't l.uo l. J 7 l. L7 l. ~9 l .JS 0 z.. u L •> 3 l .9l ·I · hZ39,3St; Cd-1 J. 4j : • .:..4 0.46 u.s2 a.sa J.:;.; 0.01 0 o. ~9 J. ;;4 L • J7 ~ t ~us1.:a 0. :;;; J.~z l.i. ~o v. j :S c. s ~ o. 4Q c. 4d o.:;.a 0 v. ld o .n o.n 1 s~ l ~. uo O.Jo Q.JJ o.oJ O.JO .0 o. "'v ti.JJ o•. 1J j a• .,a o.Ji:. o.J..; 0 • .JU a o. JI) 5c!2 8.H O.GJ a• .: c Q .JJ o• .j1J o. vu 'o.oo o.uu Q.JO ~.JO Q. Ju o.ou o• .;c o.aJ ,o. co • o.oo o.uu u o.uu 'l. OJ a.Ju o.01'J I .::l'f.:,. L tJ\JO O. Ou c• .: = O• .JJ .) • Jtj o. JJ 0 • .JJ . .; :....; ,) . 0: o.Jv o. ~o o.uJ u. o'1 o.JJ o. 77 I I o.ov 0 • .;1 .J D • .;'°' o· l.OL 0 .J ..) I .J 1 O.)J L.to I I ( ~""-"l·~-~f>' .S~\ """"u....~~~- ~~~4-'1.~ ..- "~. . -~\.a. · . .,~~~- • I ! i . - ~· ' ·--·-· :- ..  I' i; - 123 - ii\ 10 LE" "3~ . I :I I "-\..-.~ ~ \:);<.~~ ~~,"~fil;-f""'~"~ ;,.,,~""": i t; j:J"TC !""'-<:~\~'5~ \%.o .2u1· u:;s G:7i. 19..(J ~ •.;J .. \:H,·l- a.ev l1fl o.:Jl J.4~ \ ~ .1li1 \%'3 o.oa Q.uo - ·;u o.0v l'.J'j'l \qb1 0.01 lm 0.01 I t 2u2 C.4C J.-t·) J •. '.:).) J.::>.; C• .,;;IJ. IJ.cJ C.u-, u.73 O J.c:,7 J.:i4 t.1:5 j 2 G3 2~~ 'JS 0 • 'ti a.~e c.~~ J • JG 0.29 0.2r C _,, .J ~.~u ~.,~ J •J4 J.~; ~.~J 0•j J C.jz C.J~ J .J ' J.JZ ~.j~ 0d 5 ,.Ja O.Jb 0 • 40 o.~o U.J9 J o 0 .J • :d o.s7 J.~~ J •5 2 0.lJ J.~~ C• 5 J o.b2 o.52 l I c.,c o.Qs o u.01 z~t 201 2J8 c.~~ 0.47 ~.4C J.1~ ~.~s J • .Jt ~.~l a.jl ~.Jo ~-~~ o.~b J.~l c.~1 a.59 C.Jd ~.bu J.~1 c~oz o.b3 C.44 J.6~ 0.44 0 J J.a7 v.oJ u.~j J.~4 o.~J o.99 c.~7 0.6~ :I I 20s c.zg o.~~ ~.~7 0.~z a.~z v.~~ o.~u u.44 o J.4o J~~l J.s2 ·I lL~ C.~J J.~~ ~.~j ~.41 c.:, ~.,z C.57 O.o3 0 O.o~ u.dl O.ciJ 1, 212 o.~7 J.J, c.jJ ~.57 0.41 J.64 o.d~ l.J4 o o.~~ t.Jb a.gs 213 C. 3 ~ .J • .Ju i;. 4-. v • 4:; C. j J 0. ; 2 C. 5 o 0 •5d U 0 •9l 0 •~ l L• 0 6 214 0.47 v..J7 ,j ... , o.~l a.so J.ss o • .so 0.01 o u. l'+ J.7--J o.s6 220 a.~i J.~4 ~.~o J.37 c.44 0.4a c.~7 u.s~ o i.J.~1 ~.11 o.a1 I 2,jl 0.5o J:;;9 C.o.5 J.6d O.l.J ~.71 J.:JJ J.o9 0 v.9o L.u4 t.J9 l 2J2 c.~s J.3ti o.~~ .J.~~ c~4o a.~~ c.55 ~.oo o 0.1~ u.dJ o.a1 i i 2~3 o.~1 o.~d c.j~ v.4u o.~o v.45 o.41 v.~2 o J.oj J.72 c.11 ' I 2Jc; 241 u.2~ a .. a.: !).,Q 1.l.il C-'.o .:.12 J.,c, J.1 ... C• .31 o.o7 0 • .jz u.ls C.34 O.dv 0.39 J.~~ 0 · 0.-tl o o.'7w .J.50 t.u7 0.5J t.l~ i f 2~2 c.74 •J.d.:> iJ.ov o.:.4 &·i• Ji.SS 1.0; L.u4 ~o l.3~ l.'t ... t.63 ~, 243 c.41 o.45 c.~s ~.51 a.54 J.5~ o.sz o.35 a a.64 J.bJ 0.11 2~4 C.~~ J.Jo C.44 J.~~ c.~9 ~.ae ~.S4 0.45 .. :0 Q.5o J.9~ 0.6~ t 25L2~22SS C.~4 J.~5 C.4i J.J~ J.~o 0.42 0.44 0.50 0 J.)7 .J.51 0.63 .. ;-i·l ~I 260 c.:;c tJ.:;,7 a.:;2 .J.::7 · c.61 i.J.cc: c.o7 o.77 o o.do 1.u. L.to 271 C.~C O.Sl ;..;;; u.:::i9 Q.oJ J.C.d O.oo J.U. 0 J.eJ .J.9o LJS '! 2 aa c• 5 7 -J • .) o c• o ~ u • e e: c• e d o. 7 2 c. .: a o•~' o . ~ .\1 l •• t • l9 1• z .: ; z91 0.41 J.-:.4 c.'1'~ .j.41 o.,;1 j.5'+ o.S1 J.o4 o J.7o J.~o o.94 293 300 0'40 C.U. ;J.'t'+ O.l't- c.::>4 C.d'+ u.s1 u.64 c.54 C.94 0~34 J.'i7 c.sa L.J2 a.o9 l.ll o 0 o.cd J.._,o 0.14 L.4.; 0.10 l.47 :i .Hl c.es ~J.;,J c.1s 0.1~ c.1d o.d4 c.a4 o.n o l.L:; L.,jo t.2s 312 o.~7 J.4~ ~.~s o.~v c.su J.Sl o.oJ J.os o J.~o J.~3 c.69 3U319 c.s; u.01. u.o~ 1J.7'-. c.1a c.~4 c.sd l.ao o l.iu o.~~ L.33 \: '· I 321 1."~ l.:iu 1.;;, L.o3 l.oa L.bJ 1 .. 75 t.7o ll ~.4l 2.oa 2.90 32~ c.s4· J.S'+ i;.so o.e:.; c.10 c. 11 c.cl o.:Jd o l.Jl l.~2 l.32 3jl 0~~5 J~~~ C.4L J.J9 a.~~ J.44 J.46 0.49 u J.Sd O.ol 0.64 .(1 332 c.~s o.~l a.~1 o.~3 c.46 o.4d o.s1 a.sg o 0.11 ~.1~ o.a2 .. I 333 c.~~ J.j5 ~-~~ J.Js c.~1 J.42 J.4d o.ss o ~.~1 a.69 041s 'i 334 G•'+c u.~c:: a ... o~ v.c.5 c.n 0.11 c.~= 0.95 o l.14 L.ld L.1'.Jo ,j 339 o.~7 J.J7 c.J~ J.~o a.42 u.47 u.SJ o.ss o o.a~ J.os c.74 I: 3~: C.73 J.73 C.7Z. O.c'7 C.dl o.a4 C.9o L.ll 0 l ••;~ l.37 L.52 \' 342 O.ol J.co ~.ol J.67 0.75 J.7o O.d5 u.94 0 L.l/ l.32 1.44 ~so c.sc o.53 o.~3 i.J • .ss c.;,<; ~.c.~ -~c.6r; o.a1 o u.01 o.9 L i.os 3oO .a.~~ v.s1 c.5'1 o.os a.ob J.12 a.To o.~s o 1.J3 l.Ls i.2J .:no c.cz J .. c3 ~.11 0.7.l. c.N u.a4 c.'10 i.01 u 1.u l.34 L.4d 3al C.d2 J.~~ :..ld J.35 a.~'+ J.o~ 0.9L l.06 0 l.2c l,,~J l.54 la2 c.~6 J.J7 0.aJ o.~1 c.a~ c.s1 c.~9 1.1s o 1.l1 L.J7 Lo50 383 C.7o u.io c.o, O.dS a.c;~ u.% l.JZ l.LS 0 l.4~ l.54 l.77 3o4 c.sc 0.stJ c.~tS J.cu c.bZ o.oo c.11 0.1~ o u.95 1.uz i.Lo 3d5 C.64 u.oL ~.7J u.75 o.dl "'·~4 o.~3 L.J2 o 1.2j l.l'+ l.42 386 l.lS l.'tl 1.4~ L.70 l.ol ~.Cc l.76 z.3.,. 0 ,..U" -'·l~ 4.68 3d9 a.so a ... o .:..so o.57 a.st o.5o o.56 o.so a J.77 o.~7 l.04 J'1l C.55 0.3"1 C.o ... u.c3 C.c<t u.67 C.73 O.oS 0 l.Jl t.JL l.L4 392 a.41 o.":,; ~.49 J.4s o.~:> ~.S.l o.so v.4a a 1.u1 .1..J4 t.35 3933'i4 c.7'1 o.o.3 c.7j u·.u'i c.c7 o.ac · c.1a o.o3 o L.uo 1.19 1.19 HS G.d7 J.:d C.,'1-:t .).<;3 0.~9 l.lJ L.3~ LU 0 l.7'. .L.~; t.63 zz ':1 J ~ :> 3 .., <; c • .::> a •J d d ~• 4 t o•~ ~ c• 4 1 o. s l c. s s o •o u o o • 11 o .d 2 a • a9 :>J.lSJ.2 a.49 u.cl u.o5 1).55 a.s2 J.4u o.4d o.:;a o J.7s a.IL c.11 Sd a.SL 0 ... , ~.;,;a.::;, C.,48 u.!:l:J c.so 0.01 o u.75 o • .:iL o.az 522 a.4c J.:i1 c.4d J.~4 c.4a o.s~ c.35 v.58 a o.1i:i 0 •.d2 o.~t bJl ~.4.: 0.;o c • .:,d J • .J:> u.ss J .. b~ 0.00 u.5J a J.~4 u.~~ c.:35 044 o.;a 1J.J:.i c.44 u.45 c.~o u.47• a.'1d o .. jl ll u.y.; o.u. 0.00 l oua a. s ~ \J • ;.:., c. :i-:;. ..J • o l o. o4 v •06 o • 73 o • ~ ~ o J. '1; l. • u L L •.; a  124 .v ·-· ~·~)·J-'! .•~ - ~i- ....... '?'-'~-- <:'.'." ...~~"'- ~~~ ~~"\l .._"::s:~ ~ '--'' ·'-'-- ~ -~-\ • \'-"~ , ~~~ ........_:.... ,,_,~)~ "-J\..1-:_\._ ,, r,~\ ....... ,'\ •• .- .-..1.J <::: ~··-.·- ... ~ sJ.).,' l.m ~ J..li.L ~ J.iU lifuk \ q ;5· ~ \ % 7' ~ I~ h.~ :.•~'l'j.70 '-JL. 't3•'to oleO · ·,.00.0 )7.4 ~1.o 00.ll ·1 • • .JQ.J .00.il 00.J 00.J .00.0 .00.0 Z:Jl. ..o.i+ ;..J.l · :&J.<; 4i;.c 1tJ • .J 5.i,.i. . ,;t...• ss.J 5\l.7 5Z.J 4a.3 1,.;.2 z. J JI ... 7 • a 3' •4 31 • 0 ll •i J s •1 H. J 3 9 • ., ~o. 1 s~•L 4 9. L .. 7. CJ 50 •~ z..J .... ·- .. s.; ·--" ... ;:··-Jlt.'t--.. 7.i --'to.7 - , ... J ··--- J•..a - itO.S 34.L 33.2. 40.7 4!.5 2.tJ5.· z.c..l. :U.o L9.5 L3.ia Z.2..9 3o... Z.3.S 36el l•.i 31..3 3Z.3 35.1 '.Jc : z.z •.; L9.-' u.c u.e i.L.ll za.1 z.o.~ u.s Jtl.7 zs.s La.a z.1.At z.ui.. 1...l*'J ~.l. ;.9 a.a 1.s a.a io.• LO • .l 1.J.2. LZ.3 1z.5 u.s i~d 3~.l z.~.1 41.~ Z't.l il.2 Z2.b z.~.L zz.z LS.l zo.a zs., z9 •• ~a~ n.a "~.7 "4.1. 2.7 • .1 io • .5 11 • .J JZ.i n.1. l9.l 33.J 33.a 3a.1 u.t..· Je.4. -·"';.1-- J.tt.1·----H.1 -"u.a ·--·:.1.i. ---·· -Ja.j -· •o.a lil.S 3a.a 43.r. 45., z.1.2 .aa.iJ .oil.a .oo.o ·lu.~ .. oo.o oo.o oo.\l vw.o tl.a za.a 4q.a s2.o 2.l..l. ~.l. Z.'-.1 2.'t.7 'i.4 Li.: 33 • .l 54..l .a •.J· SL.J ·39.7 <,3.a ~a.J 41.:.. 4z.o 31.0 S-4 '"'·s 1..".1 ~ca.;, 1.a ~i).1 u.! ~ll.~ 1.:;.c 1t9 • .5 11 •.J •1..4 L9.j s11.o 1a • .l S.l.• 11.a 5o.a zz.s 58.9 2s.1 5s.a 3<3.4 l~~ Ll.1 LL.~10.a 9,9 L0.7 LJ.9 LJ.J LS.l LS.Z. 17.o Lo.z 18.0 Z..l2. . - Z,l.J ·-·· LS.S--La • .: ·-- u.. s -·-··u.G --·,.3.l · - - Z.1.2. - z.~..z z.~.L Z.'t.5 zq,3 26.4 ~~l. ,~~7 L~.6 L~.9 LZ.1 Z7.J ia.Ca 20.~ ~o.z ~S.4 26.7 Zt.~ 2s.o '.J 2.t,.L '>' • I. 5 • i 7.u l 9 • l· .;i,J Ld • 5 2.l L7 • 1. 3.l ' Ld. l 3.S 2 a• il L0.1 l. 9 • .:a a • ..;. ZS • 9 Lta.1 Z. O • 1' lJ.ft. 20 • 9 l7.l Z5 • c; 13.3 2 .ft • J 21.l 2.'1-~ Z.4.l. -..; ··- o.1 c.lt .. 5 • .-: 6.7 3.1 3 • .:a LL.l 3.Z. 7.7 tO.L ~'+l l7.5 u.o LZ.~ L.... 13.1 Lb.II z1.1 ·~Q... Z.J.l ZL.5 z.n.3 3'3.1 z."-. ...... Lb.J ---Lij~i--2.J.c --·".s.~·-·u.s-·--ZJ.a· --·z1.o -- j'J.A •>.1 tto.s J6.'f 34t.s 2.'lL.lSi,1S1 LT.o L~.~ ZJ.'t u.41 Z'-·2 u.i zz..1 zs •.J z•.o z~.a 26.a z.1.:- za.il i.z.3 ztt.1 ZIJ.2. 19.tt zi.o is.c l.5.i zJ.o Z.l.o z2.a z".5 2~.i zrt z.~.s L~.~ z1.z L~.g z.z.1 zs.g 21.• 3z.J zi..s 30.z 26.7 3?.9 2.:iO. zL.2. ~~.s Lo.7 u.i. H.5 u.a : ... zz..J zs.5· z.z.1 2s.o z&.9 28.3 Z.-H La • .1 L8.c LL.7 L9.~ u.s is.a u.s . L't.2 LJ.7 Z:J.Z L9.Z 20.9 ""l -·· l.1.1 -·Li .a -- ~o. L -·- 1..s. c - - Li. a · -· u • .J ~ - · Zo..l ·-z.i,..j ··· lS.J za.z za .a ?O. 7 JCO ~b.i l~.L 21.~ Z9.5 2b.b 39.l 3~.i 31.~ 3~.S 37.0 3,.S 40.6 .Hl lC • .:. lL.i 2~.s .JZ., .H.'t 35.7 ......l •S.9 .39.7 47.J 48.C .4c;.o .HZ. l.rL.~ 47.J etl.o lZ.1 'to,7 Sl • .Z 50..~ o..a.~ :.1.0 52.~ 52.7 .62.ft. .H.:;l~'f :.5.s ,.,.a j~.o Jc.• Jo.a 1t2.1 l1.ll 'to ..i sJ.o :.1.0 .r.a.c 4c;.1 ~~L. lZ., ·-· s 1.0 H.1 ...._ 2.'t. 1 ___ 1 ;1J.a <>·"'---l't.i J~.J l .a __ s .1 _ _.oo.o .31.i 1ta.2 __ .z3.o 31.ll __ .. __ l.3.J 75 • .Z •s.o l7.a &4. • 5'.t sCJ. a S3.5 .51 .1 47.Q 3~~ ll.J is.e L~.z Lo.9 1J.i z1t •.z L9.l 1.o.~ 2J.z Li.Z L!.7 is.a ~.JZ LC.~ Llt.t+ LJ.S L2.; Lllal 1z • .z 12.1 U.9 zz.a 15.L L6.3 20.2 l.3.3 z9.~ 2~.J 20.u io.s lJ., z"-~ 21.s z~.s l9.~ zz.s 31.1 2'·' ~l"'.. H9- H.s za.1 H.a ·zz..c 39 • .z. 20.s .H:.• zo.o li:a.i 2.l·" ca.a 21.9 •9..a J8.9 1.c.t•2.. 34l.J. oil.a z9.~ ~7.tt z9.9. s1 •.z 32,1 33.i 32.6 - lf.t.L zc.J ·-·za.~ ·-· Lta.1t -- 10.~--··- lo.a --·u.7" ·-- · zs.1 · zt-.o zs.<i 2e..o 24.0 21.1 3~~. z~.L zs.o JS.5 z1.J l1.4 26.• 21.J JL.1 •1.1 za.3 34.5 J3.7 ~so u.J z.i.~ LS • .i La.t L.J.1 ZJ.5 Z6t.! z~.1 za.L zs.a .1.'l'i ze.o le:aQ Zl.9 LJ.9 ~,,.. Z.l.1 l7.1 22.l 2~ • .l 2S.1 •l • .3 Za.2 27.CJ 30.1 ,H\l. ~C.il .u.: Z2..'t l.3.~ 4d.7 J2.9 ~_. l•.i J'l.J 39.5 4-l.ft st.a ~~i Ji., '"·" zr.z z~.z l~.i 22.1 3•·• JS.~ z2.1 ~o.s ~0.2 35.a .Ja.2. i4.i.l ··-·j1.,-·-L1.i- Li.1---u. 1·-·-· zo.s -·- - Lo..l · ·· 19., Lo.L zz.'t 1.7.a 22.1 :i~.) tJa.ll .u>J.Q. oll.u z.2.z 311.1 oo • .il. ao•a u.2 .J~.a z.a.s 32.s 43.2 .lea-. ·za.J L3., ·· L4., LS.c Lo.J 22.s z.z..s z•.l z.z.s u.1 ·1.Z·~ 26.L Jas. .3il • .S zz.(s LS.L za.i ztt.7 2.5.J .. 3•·• ~J.z z1 • .i 30.J 32.i:J B.7 • 3dc l ,1.a Zd., 41.l 33.l JL.a 37.S 3Z.5 •S.1 lo.S 39.o 39.Z Je.~ jd~ • L9.J LJ.. ·L~.~ ii.1 17.2 11.• z2~z L~.9 L~.~ 26.J ZJ.9 25.7 - .iH- z.s.~ -za.1·--1 ... ~·--La.;--.n.2· ··· 4l·.• ---· l7.o Jl.1. 57... 44.o 3CJ.L J~ .c .h4-. H3.. Lb.9 2.2. • .Z. Ld.5 L'i.il Jl. ... Z0.4 L~.4 H.7 2.o.a 2..J.Q 25.o. 25.Z J4.J z3.s ,,,,.7 "'~·· li.3 H.2 Z6.5 32.a 29.3 21,,1 30.7 B.t H·· LJ • .5 l.S L/.• o. Lll.9 LZ.~ u.s lwel z.7.o H•i. Z.2. 5.6 ~.z i9c:..~~cn ltoZ • .3 H.a ;.;i.J..'H'!.. 52.l.. (!d.:.. Z.4.l. Z.J.1 ~.l.~ ZJ.ll t.,i.J.i '"·' tt< •..i ·--~:3.a --· 19.4 ·--· ,J.1 37.4 j~ • .3 3.L • .Q 21.s '91.'i • 31.1 'ri·• Z7.J 2.7.'i Z!6.ll .:..~.3 l~.1 .:,1.3 47.L 3.:P.L 4L.i. Z't • .ft 34.l 45,J l.1.~ 37i.::. 53.o 31.L ':;2.Z,. J~~ ,,.2. ·- L 7 ,t., l.'t.~ L J. l. LS.It Z.S. 3 Lc. l U .4 zz. ... l1.4 .?,J • .l ls • .3 Z0-4 22 • .:.. Z1 . j 22. ~ <!'f • .l 43. L u.:,.. a.a z.i. 5 22.t '·"·<I n.1 ,9 ·' d.:,.;,. V.l Z. l • 4. ____ L" • 'll L lit. e 20. i 30. s zg.• Z.d.) .?4.L t9.a ;o •.; ~illlO .• 2..l .4 '-L.4 ~IJ•-' L9.i u.~ 2.S.-' z.s.r Z.1.1' ;6l.9 z. a. J z~.a 32 .o rr H ~ ,. ·~ ,~~~~ ~~ ~\:-~ ~ 4~· .. ~t:l,~- ~ ~~ ~~. :!.· ~1'$..~~'i.1-~ ~·~~ ~ !~-~~~~ ~~ ~~'\a_~~· H "" - 125 - .. ".'. .,.. F\ ~ u: -. }·AQ· .. \..- ~ 7~.!\aJ:~rii... s\),"'~~ :S~aj.,. .l. -t:.~~~, ~.,,~"N ~~°'\4,,~Y- ~~ \~"~~~~~'\)~~ '~,,, s:. . . .~~~~";>~"·· ~ I'\ \ ·:·'--'i»>' ?-,<;;.,\ 14 JJ..1E. ~.J~~ . ~~~:..:::~t:...·1.c;~::i::.=~t.::;c1.... ::.·J~ . . ... ......_:.!::: . . JoJ 1.-c~=--L9--j.,_;.r-,--.1g~~t,.... • .J ..Ju.u 9• 1.J 0 2=~~lF~--:,b~-J._........ i~b..::;:4~::!>L-..==...;~7';19~c,;r=------;-191;~ ·' Ju • .; ..._J .3i..s JO.J Ju.J J.2£l Ju.o ' 9 G~; Ol5":'J J1.fj 55.6 63.o .:!'.JI. ,4.~ .. '1.1 41.a 1+2.0 ~s.4 4L.o J-1.J :.u.J 43.2 4c;.4 st.6 so.a 2\JJ J7oJ 3'-1o:. )o • .3 J0.5 .H~7 35.0 3'+.7 4L • .l 4L.4 4l.5 46.q 43.3 ~.)'t .30.2 ZS.'J :H.:> jJ.4. J.5.J 47.4 'to.7 48.4 50.ll 4L.S 42.q 46.2 "·.>S B • .3 21:!.l 2.~·i.4 ,1.~ za.4 33.l .H.'+ Jo.'J '+Z.9 4L.d 4L.3 41.a 2Uo j4,J I.Sol ~~·+ J~.O J~.5 35.0 39.7 40.lto 4L.O 43 • .2 41.6 45.t 2J7 Jc.3 Ju.a za.d 2b.~ .32.2 33.l 32.~ 33.0 3d.O 3a.J 36.5 3e.2 zas 5~.j J,.~ 20.J l7.J ZJ.J 36.l 35.7 37.a 42.4 40.b 46.9 46.7 20~ 34.L l~.a Zb.~ 27.l ~7.l 2a:9 32.0 3L.L 3~.'+ 37.5 36.2 40.0 2Ll 37.J ~J.c 3l.~ .35.l JJ.Z 31.2 32.0 34.4 4J.O 44.9 40.4 40.0 Zll 4C.~ l7.S 4~.7 3a.4 36.~ 40.l 36.J 45.0 lt-7.L 44.3 47·"· 4q.7 ZLJ 49.d 47.2 3a.1 ~7.Z 4L.O 36.0 35.3 32.J 37.S 36.5 44.4 48.a ~1~ 49.J 3~.~· z~.s LS.4 z&.2 47.9 45.0 44.0 ~~.4 so.a 41.1 sc.a 2Lv 27.3 ZJ.~ L6.4 L7.4 11.7 Zl.l 11·"'t 29.u 26.4 32.5 33.S 35.t Z.H L5.7 u.1 LZ • .J LZ.! u.2 LS.6 lb.d 17.b 3-'.J 20.5 L9.3 tc;.s ~~ 2. 2.H 24 •d 2l..7 - I L1. 0.. . H.S L1 • 5 l'i.e 1b • 9 21.4 l ,:j • 9 2·2 .. s z5 •2 35.1 25. ll 30.9 z1. 4. 31..J J". 2 2.7.o 2 5. 0 29.l 2 q. 4 30.L 33 • 3 27.9 2l~ 25.3 z~.4 zo.4 21.0 ~1.1 23.9 Zb.4 zs.v z~.1 21.6 2a.3 30.2· Z•L 44.l L~.~ 43.2 J7.~ 21.2 ·22.z ZJ.Z 2a.4 JO.J 2i~o 35.4 3!~9 l42 .oo.J ~J.s oo.~ Jo.a .Jo.o oo.o oo.o oo.o oa.o ao.o oo.o oo.o 243 24.J Lb.f: 14. l Lo.; u. c 21.d zz.z l.7.9 30.a 31.0 30.C 2c;.1 Z44 .JO.u oo.o 00.J JJ •. y uO.ll -···_oo.o JO.O QO.J JJ.O oo.o ··.CO.O ._oo.o ~SL,'.!!i2.1l.'5f ~i:., J.J.7 2.S.a '-1·'· 21.1 29.2 zi.a 29.l JZ.l 30.3 32.7 :34.0 2ov LS.9 LZ.S 21.1 17.Z l~.a 26.3 31.2 JZ.9 3j.l 35.9 25.3 36.8 2.H 32.1 3J • .2 2d • .lt JO. l 32.a 3't.S 34.l J7.l 37.S 4L.4 4l.a 42.3 ZdO 34.7 ~J.l 3l.2 JZ.C 32.3 31.5 ~ 33.a 33.9 35.3 34.1 34.7 . 35.0 z91 Jc.a l1.t.1 22.4 1i;., 15.o zs.o 22.• 24.i· ?.9.7 21.2 za.a 3:.1. l9~ 31.z lT.1 z~.d 2b.1 J~.s z9.9 zs.s lZ.z 33.J 33.3 16.7 ~; j JOO 3~.z 33.S 30.l 31.i 30.l 33.7 34.3 36.J J6.3 38.0 37.1 3q.c ~LL zo.~ jd.4 30.7 JJ.o 35.7 3s.o 46.1 41.s 4a.s 56.o so.a ,2.4 JL2 37.J za.s 26.5 i3.1 ZJ.O 33.4 ~ 34.d 35.7 Ji.~ 40.2 4L.4 44.5 -H~;31<t 20.0 .H.o ~u.1 ;j0.9 31.1 40.9 43.1 4.3.7 ·, 47.o 1+1.2 48.3 •a.a j'l 53.~ 4a.~ 44.o 42.~ 41.7 3~.a 44.S 47.7 40.2 ;J.S 4q.1 53.0 321/ '-2.a 2i.4 24.b .H.6 -····d.4 31.a 2a.9 Jo~a ll.1. 35.5 43.0 so"a .,; .H 11 • ; ld•' ia• g za. ~ ZL. a z1. a 'J • 2 2.3 • a i: s • l z7 • s .21 • 6 2 e .:4 .Bt!. 17.d i;;.1 is.o 11.i u.6 21.1+ H.s u.a 21.3 26.3 ze.s 2a.o 333 z~.z ~,.1 21.1 21.c 21.1 zs.1 z1.s 2a.9 Jo.z 34.J Jt.o 31.0 3J4 37.9 j4.9 30.J 33.L 30.3 Jl.5 3z.a 34.0 4L.J 43.1 43.l 45.S 339 2s.1 L9.7 z~.4 i4.4 24.a Jo.a J4.~ JJ.~ J7.9 39.a 36.a 31.1 .l't-1 2s.1 ···2s.~ __ .. z.o.r--· zs.1'- zs.a · ·3z.o ·. ·--·-· 31.1 z.9.3 J4.3 36.s 3a.2 39 .. 5 34z J~.~ Ja.o 35.5 34. ~ J5.s 39.4 40.J ~l.a ~o.s 44.s 45.2 45.6 3~a z1.1 z1.s 20.7 21.a ~9.S 29.9 l5oO Ja.z J7.L 62.5 40.4 39.4 Jau JC.5 2s.c 20.9 2a.' 29.1 JS.2 Ja.o 40.o 'tZ.3 42.o 42.~ 43.t 310 la.7 J~.4 za.o 3~.o Jl.7 37.9 40.9 4~.3 46.c 47.t 46.o 46.7 jdl 31.u ~ace 3l.Z 30.4 ~3.0 JJ.6 31.J 29.7 30.~ 33.8 33.a 31.0 3~2 2L.b to.L lo.4 Hd 22.0 23.el 22.1 22.0 Z't.l zs.a 27.5 H.2 J&J 3c.3 jo.6 J1.s 3~.~ J4.5 39.2 40.J J~.a 't5.J 4Z.4 42.o 41.l ja4 21t.1 L3.9 l-1.l 1~.4 11.a L9.2. 19.a au.1 11.~ 22.0 23.0 22.3 ~~~ 3L.J io.~ zo., zz.a 2J.s Jl.6 J2.o Jl.9 z9.s 35.6 3a.o 37.l J~a 3&.~ Ju.O 31.7 35.S j3.5 30.a 36.J 4L.O 38.& 30.7 42.t 39.4 3~~ zo.a ~uu.a .oo.u oc. c co.a 25.L 2J.o 21.0 37.l 5z.a 3q.z ~4.1 3'1L ·35.9 .l::>eL ~.;>.J .n.~ 4L.O 42.S 43.L 4o.a 4-7.• l.t7.3 46.9 1+4.l ~~c 39; ·. 2 z el 2 o •2 ld•0 l '1 • " l5• 3 lo • Z Lc. " L3 • .J '.J. 5 4 Z•5 3 6. 5 35 • 3 3s •a J a. 5 .:.o • a l2"' S 5"'. L 3 0.3 5 5. 5 3 5. 0 57 • 3 3 '3 • q :; l • 6 34 • 9 394- 2J.•J 23.4 20.1 .U. l Zll.7 zo.o L7.o 22 • .3 22.!J 22.1 25.1 23.4 z;i0q,J,, ZS.9 ~2~4 20.1 20.4 21.2 31.L 3~.2 3~.L 36.L 40.J 3q.s 4 7 ,7 ~11,,.•1- 4S.d e,1.; 3~.4 ""'·~ 41.1 4'4.0 44.a 4~.9 <ts.a 47.Z 4a.a 4 ... s21;--; .oo.ll ou.u uv.o Ju.a vo.o ao.o oJ.J oo.o :OJ.J .ao.o oo.o oo.o ~z2 oo.J ~J.J ou.o .uu.~ uu.u u~.o oo.a oo.o au.a ao.o oo.o ~· o..H t;C.IJ J.).u OU.l.l 'CO.C CC .. C CC.O 01).0 OU.O .,Jl).0 OQ.J OO.a d44 uu.u i.lJou uJ.o .Jo.c uJ.J ao.o uJ.J .. iJO.J l.lO.u oo •.) ·10.0 LJJJ 2:." d.4 Zl.J 2J. ! -'"'·a 21.3 Z<J.l 30.l n.o 35.7 35.o w·~·.i·\~ '~~~~.~~~~~ .l.· <:.~·~ -~~ "No.~ ~~'\\ ~ ~ ~ ~~:.S' • ~~~~·. ~~ ~~~-,~.~\ ~ "!.'\\~~\ J ~""' ~~"-.:)~~· r ~I I! i: t I I' I' i 1f l  { ll 1 l t i ..... ~ ~~~ t:,~t..1-~'t' .... ~"':' ~ \~ ~"\S ~ • ·~v.."'! ~~'? ~: <~)· :~~"S l...o. ~--c:.J "' .,,. '~ ' - .... -· 't · ~~~ :.._~ ~-" - '>•CC·· - ·~~~· ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~"':> ~.l·\ '.~~\'-' ""·~7 1·rz '"El ..'"' "')•7., .,..,., ~·7? r.·;c N'•M r'•,. - ~-.,( i·sr ,.?c- n·~~ =- Jiit. , • .,, ••ri c~r ..,. 6'l ;• f'lt 'F.. 1"7 ;-•-,i f:• "71 7• i., t'" L '? -~e q• CE r. •ci ••er -p•!;·i ..,~., ~·ri ~·c? ,.i, ~·11 'To:e ~. "';i ~·iz i·~? ~·77 ,. ~' ~·oz ~·rz ~·77 i•ci ~·ei ~·~1 ?·~' 7?' 1. E•t:i .7 • .,' r;•L( f->•1.' i•ir ~.,c i·~ 1:'·~.1 ~-~~ , .... ~ i?c; ,. zz , ,.,, ~ ., • J.'Z ..,.H i•J? Z~ ?• 1., o•c., ~...., P...., ~...,..., ;,--.,~ '! ·~ :·i~ s·i., ?· .,.4;' -m::'ii' r•e., £ • L '1 ~·iC' ~-~: -,...~7 ,...n ~· n ~ •.,~ •· e:t ~~~·~"':' 6•E°"l s•H t.•it c-•cf" l•"!f i·.n -,•01 -:;-.err? :;·~., L • .,, 1·n i·n "';l'-f L·oz , • 02 re1 ..,.. en ~·n ~-~r ~t. r..:z-r t•Eii ..,.f:, 1·~1 ~·c-z q,r .t • 'E z•Ef z•.,t ~·ic- , • ..," t•""1r '?..-Z~ ~-c? '0·~1 i•t? ;·r.~ ;•:-1 2Fir z·~., e•H; r·os ~-~ £•!->t -t' • ~ .z •"?.., ~ "(Wo ; • ef' "• ~., ~ • r t" 7 • 'loJ t: 1 M' ~· t., 0•9, 6.9., i·p~ ~-~~ f?• OE ~·?£ f•;! -·~1 or·'' .t ·.ii :-·1i t ·~1 ~· c1 =- • n r· C'7 c.o r e•H t-·~r 't"91'£ -r-~ r·~r f•H r•rt" ?·~£ ~er .,. BE o•z., 6•ot ~·~C' ,.,.., ;•;r c·~? ~·7~ i•1r ~·"t! ~-t? 1·~7 t•r.t• ~·"? :i•H c;sr o•LL e•.L£ ~·cc ~m ~-11 ~· 11 ~· zi t • ~, , •f'c -,oc: t• £? £•ti r·zz q·~i ~·iz t'•t"'I '?•t»i't -;-...~ ;·~r ~·ir :1•f'.lr r·,r ~er Pl., o·z., -,•?'1 f'•C"i r,~r ~ •;2 , • ..,., ~97' i •72 t'•.r"'( t1•n 1 •i? .... ~i r•M c• 1 7 ZPf z·a ' • .LZ o•.,, t•ot o·~r ir•ir .,.t'~ '!I-~ .;·!'~ , • .,.r o:t•137 ci·i~ 1P,. t• E:~ 0•"7£ ·~·O"; ~· .t't ..,-~C' ~·";'r ~· c:., ; ., e: i . Q( Cll r ~-9, i•o., f .,.., o· J..., t -~.., F.• ~r "O•?f -!>-1~ ; ·=7 ~· ... ~ ':I• f'c T • ;12 cicc- t • .,., 6• 6E 6•6£ ,-1• o•or t-•?r i•.;7 ., .• ...,~ "';•"';? c-•t? f•~7 , ... ? ·('er .,. 9£ L·~t ,.,S ~·~f i·~r o· .,., t•?, ~-~, ~-~ ?•fir ~·.zt T·~ ;•rr :;·c~ ~·"c l·rr ?•r £• " ' t·~£ r•.,, i·~? ~·ir ~1! ~-n r·z? ~·en r•c;; c•f>c ,,c 6•&£ 9•Lt 1r~t '?--,~ ·~·°" ~"""'r .,..4:i? ;•r7 +;•b? H"(" .,•;E ;t•H ?• J. t f,•Cf' t-• tt ~·?r ;•it. ~,,I:' i•c-r ":·C·E F·~c f:•i.r ,c~ l.,, t • E., i•r., r-1~ t:-...,r ~·a ~·;c ..,-17 i·P L·1'7 ~·;? ;·n rtt s• ;>E o·u: 9•rt ~·~? ~·~? -,.•1? 't'"'17 T,• t! "t• ..,, o• f 1 !! • C'1 ~ • .l1 ?t'"C' ~• .L c ..,.~, r·z1 ~·~1 r· a e•rz T•?7 t•·&.1 ~·~1 ~·ri &.•Li 'r?i 1':C.: z·9z. ~·sz e·;z 1·~1 ~·(.7 ~·~t ?·~r. , •..,~ ~·£>? ;·?~ :;·-';'? z·i~ ~ • ..,, ~·n~ E-•C'? ~?~ i·os ~· £"; ~·......, ~·~t :;•1.., '!•?": z·~., ~·n+" "i·f~ T?r l9 Ei e· 64' i·rs ~·o~ 1•t• 1·1~ ~...,..., ~-'2., ,.,'°' :;-To ';'·i~ f:'•,r t•c-c i·r-r b!'-'~1r 6. e., t·~";o ?•z, .,,.~r .:•..,! ~-'C£! ~- .. 7 ~·I"!: t•n ~.·a ?H L • ,., !>.l., ~·~ 1 •ot ~·tr -z·~s ?·~.., ~·ew; ~·t"E ~··~ ·~·n: ·z•(>r i·~·f .,.H Pt t•zs ti•&., . .,.!, 6•tr ~·~t ~·o~ r°''" D~'.'f !:··~'? i•H t•f.? t1·"'~ ,.H N'c P!J£ ~·a ~-~1 ~·?."? ~- ...7. ~·1? ~·~1 ~.,, r·17 ~~7 .,. l E L•c;z t;. ~ 2 e" • .,t f. •t;? r·~z ~·c-z ,.~, ~·61. -,-n ~-ri ;·!-i '1·tii ~·n ~·q H-2 PL? ;·" ~·it ·?·'!~ ~~ ~·-i::? 1'•17. :'•rf" p•o£ ci~c ,. tt z•tt ~ •7t ~ •'7f: , .-Zf.' ,.,.., ~· e-r ?-..,'t ~-r.r ": • ~ 7 1 • ~., ., • 7 ~ Z• Z i lH e· l '1 ~· c"' o· 1 c: ~·ef 7•cr ~·;c lE•T'i ~·e-: ~·"t'2 c-·ci z.,, I'.'~? £• SiE ,.,2 7•rr '"·ir i.·~r ei·~? ~-:r.z ~- ..,7 !•77 '7·~? ~·i' ... ,?. ~sf1,:,'t'1:'" L9 J£ ;• 6'Z ~·Le o•~r ~·le ~·n -r.·n =:-'["'! ';'•r:r ,..ry 1:•t:: r·e>i .. .,c: t:••n ,.r., i·c~ ~·£r s• .,E ~· 17 :r ·~1 :; • t0 ~ • ;i :- • n ~· c i , • , c: n' 6.j, ., • J..'Z ·~· i'Z r· z1 ".~., i·~ t·~ ~·-; r·~ e•e ;•i 'P"ic ?'77 0·01 r;• ,L ?•e -z·ii ~·;; ,..tic .z.•:,1 =;t_,., , •.,r ~·77 :•ii ;•H P·7 !i•H ;·~z ~·CZ 1 • 'i? e>A"1i' E.~., i·ic t>•4'c D•;7 ?'9T'7 7•F-1 -r·~i t·~? '''T'Z bt? .,. ..a z·;z t"•6( ;-?£ ~-:t" ;•?i t•f'1 :-•['\.. ti•!!C ~q• o· '' q•,L'Z .,.~z , •.,r ;•f.?. Y-LZ .,..~? !'9..,'Z ~·"I"? i·~i 7•c1 i•c-i T'I·~? ·?r( [•62 J. • .,, ~·c"? ~ ·~? e· sz i•if' z•e1 D-;'1 '"f-:'j ..,•71 f'•f.1 ti•f"1 c•;i H°? ,.~l (•61 ·..,·oz e•n ~ 0 £,1 ~t"! -r·.1i ~·~ "'• ..,, ., • C'' r• ~ i · f''Z? q• sa: i•tt ~·~r ~·..,7 ~·11 i•f• . ~~ :;•'f.' ;•rr ?•47t t•P? i•:>r .. ,, 9•z; l•B r· ?' s f.•..,.., ~- i.., E • ..,., £•9t c·~.., ~·r.t ~·~r 't"'9'1?! ,7•:rw-i z·-,~ 7• 1c- t•~ ~-"... rn z·e., i·f~ ~·o• ~·~.., ~·~r l·IW:r ~ ,.~f t•..,., !''Lr ~-,~ 7i? L • b'1 ;•.z.., ••rr -,•:r-r '!>•·sf i·;~ ~·ir ;•er c:·i~ ,.,, ty•p, e•o-, ~-t., • 0•1, ~•fC ('•?r ~-~, -r•;t'7 41•[( ~·f,( ~.,,, r·~r f..rr'i' L9 :.£ L• ;~ ~·~t ~-~~ ~·if ·~·it l•'O't ?'9"':"':' ?•P ,.,., i•f!:7 1•1-t"J FN .,.~ ~-,t r.·.,~ ?~~ z· o., ~·it ~·1r c•7r 7•-zr 1-r.r ~-r~ ~·-:7 :•c? :;i•f.? '!·~r LC·? s• LE ~·;t ?•f?r -,•-z! ~" ":"•{If' f;-!'tt ~ • ~7 i •if rrr·7 g•?., 1•6£: c·r.~ z·~r ~·qr c•ic ~-..,r ..,.~ 1-"1'? '•f:T:z :-•p p,•l( ·c("7 .,. LL r•s£ e•/f' ~-o~ ~· '£ ~-~, ' ~-~ ~'T'W:> ~·.,e ~·rr ~'!~r ~·ir ..,C'l'Z o· 9., r;i·2~ S •f.t i ·o~ ~~ ~CC' ;•.,,'! 0:::-"('7 '!•ir r•4.:' ~·rr ';.,._ tC'' L.,, z·i.., ?·r~ ~·~· ,.,. 'f ·!'~ i·-z·t-; "'!""9~ I.,.._, ... ~... :i • ..... , 0?.c; (."("? , ·is 1·~~ ~·c~ e•i~ co~ f··[)~ ..!.!.:;!..._ ...:!::...!..r. :•Jt: T'··O~ ;•eo r·~· ir7 ~·~~ ; • ;6' ~·DO ~·Ot ~-~~ .=..,t>\ ~b' ~S.b1 i.:-;.b\ TS";'\ :isb>1 'Wi" ~-:s.-.J\._,~,. ~ rrr;T" 55bl •! I \ ' -\ \ Di'i" ---l, -&.>~,... b5.e.l ~ bit=~.~'.~)...,_::... ,, \,,). ~~='!::: ,. ::;:e-""'::-~,-~ - ~ "~~~~ . ~ \ .... """C'~\:oS ~ ·~/ "'t.·~"=-..,...,...'\<\<::-..i .... - \-"'; W"\.~.'.~~:i \~'.C -~"""" ~--'"''' ~ l\•'"C.. ~--"-'\ ..... '\ -..I ,~... - ~ ~ \. . . ,.,. ·C :;n~ \: -1. ·~ --:.;;...,~· ... ·- ..... - 9'Z'! - ., . " 127 - --. Annual Sun·ey o.f lndustries-1968 411 - }i"i .. ·~ ' APPl'.'!':tir.t II _..,rF.:'-:T SHOWt'.':G AT THE THREE-nil.IT LE\'EL L:\IlOUR nURF..·\C CL.\SsrrrC.·\TIO:": OF \'~: . .: :~~sTRIES (:\DOl?TEn !'.'-:' S:\:\!PL~ SECTOH. r:.s n~r . \TES1 :\;'\"I> CL.\SS!FIG.\TIO~ OF l:\'D!AN ~.. -· "· 1:--;DUSTRIES (ADOPTED l:\' CI~:":Sl:S SECTOR :\GGREG.YrES) I:\' :\Sl~19li8 (".>_ • .' ....----:. ----- -----. ,~ .·I· _. industry 31 3 digit level . [.."lbour code no .. --· ASI .. .-- ... description as in ASl cbssifiQtioa I~ I·. nllrc:lU d:l£Si- class;. liation .J . "''•. · .. .."t,- .. i ·.. \ fic:ltion ;: { - ' , ... A ' .. ~: ... (ti (2) (3) (4) e.1 :'... ~39,010 '2'.39 manufacture of textiles not elsewhere c!:issified l?':'f! '· '201 'lOI slaughtering, prep:1.ratioo and preserving ofme:u 2oa.:..1 27;..!.:. ... ,. L 'l02 '202 m.:lnur~cture of dairy p~oducis nn ;... L . 203 '20.+ '20'.J 20.+ c:inning :i.nd preserving of fruits and vegetables C"\.nning :md preserving or fish .iad ocher sea roods 3:r.a I .s. 6. '205 'lOS manuf.'\i:ture of gr:iin i:nill products 'I 130 2;1 1 t 7. s. 'l06 'l07 206 207 m'lnuf.:icture of bakery.products :sug~r ractori~ and refineries . i: .. 817~ 2e,y :!!4 1 9. 10. -;?08 209 208. ... 209 m:muracture "of c.ocoa, chocolate· and sugar confectionery :m:inufacture or misccltanc:oUl rood prep:iration '. •' .. 1am t 11. 211 'ltl distilling, rectifying ~ad blending ofspirits (alcohol) wine industries_ :. .. ll091 l 12. I']. 2%2 213 'll2 213 breweries and m:inul'acture of male 601' 214 soft drinks and carbonated ~ter induitries 1 ' *· ':!14 2~~ :no 220 tobacco manufacture 15. 13~ I C-:7-i 29'f l 16. 17. 'l'.31 'l3'l 231 23'l spinning, we:iving :ind fini$1iiag of textiles knitting milts tr0)-4, Si.~ If f 18. rg. '10, 2'.33 241 'l42 233 'l41 242 cordage, rope, and twine industries manufacture ofrootwear repair of rootwear ~ ~ 21. 243 243 manuiactu:-c ofwc:ui.zq apparel (except lootwe:ir} I~ 22. 'l44 2+§. mi1nufacturc of made.ap textile goods, except we:iring :ipparel t&9 saw mills, pl:inning 3.::d other wood mills; wooden :ind c:ane cont.:liner"s and cane 6;,r 1 2~. 1250 'l5t,252 'l59 small ware; manufaa.:::e of cork :ind wood products !lot elsewhere classified 24. 26o 26o manufacture of rurnia:re aad fixtur~ 25. 'l71 171 manufacture of pulp, paper2.11d paper board 1 26.. 28o 280 printing, publishing2:.d. allied industries l t 27. 18. 291 'l9'l ~91 293 tanneries and leather ::iish.iA; plants rnanufaC1ure ofleathC' ;>r1:1duC"..s o:cept foorw-=r :ind olhe:' we:iring :ipp3rel ::g.. 300 m:inufacutre oirubbe- r ·~c::.s ·' 300 j'l. 3tt 311 b:lsic i adustri:il cheni.=l! -~==~ding iertili:en 31. 31~ Jl'l vc~~t:l bl es and a nima.i r.i 15 ~ fa t5 (ncep l edi bl r- oils) 3-=:. 319 313,319 manufacutrc of p:iint!.. ·;;i~eos :ir.d bcqu~rs: m:inufactur" of m1:1cell.aneous ch~i- c.i.l pro<luct s ~~ -1 n c~o t'ND)f75 JC'"•  - 128 - Annual Sufl't)' of lm.fastricI-1968 :\rr~~L"C II ( co1ttd.) industry code no. :ir. 3 digit level description J..S in ASI cl:i.ssiiic::::ition srl. no. ~bour ASI 13ure:iu ct~i· cl:lssi• fic::uioa fic:iLina (1} (2) 321 petroleum refineries 33- 321 329 ml no.1\:icture or m iscellanc:ous products or petroleum &. coal 31- 3•u,319 331 ra"lnul:icturte orstructur:il clay productS 35- 331 33'2 m"lnu\acture Ol gl:\SS and gl~s produc1s 36. 332 333 m·u1u\ac:wre or pouc:ry, china and earthenware 37· 333 334 m-inuia.c:ture or c::em.ent (hydr:iulic) 38. 33+ 339 m'\nu\acturc or :ion-ruet:illic: m.iacr:il not o:lsewhcre cl~sified 3g. 339 31-1 iron and steel b:i.sic iadustries 't· 3+' I 342 rion·fc:rrous basic meta! iadustries .. 'l 4 '·· Jt• I. 342 m·uufacture or meral productS ~cept machinery :sad. ~;:ins~.rt equiprnr.:--·" 350 350 42. m'\auracture or machinery e:cceot electric::ll machinery t ,. 36o 36o ' •.. I • f • .. • ,. f ~3o m1nufacture or electrie:t.1 m~c!linery, ~pparatus~ . .:ippliances ,.. :and supplies ,... 370. 370 44- 381 ship building :and repairing I 4-S. 381 I •• 382 382 m1lauiacture or r:iil-road equipmc::at . ·. ! . 46. 383 ra'\nuiacturc of.motor vehicles 4'7· 383 384 repair or motor ~des ~- 38+ m-.aufacture oi m'>tor cycles and bicydes 4g. 385 385 386 mJ.aurac:ure oi :iircrait sa. 386 m laurac:ture or transport equipment not elscwh.cre classified 51. 389 389 m\nuC'acture oi professional aAd scientific me:asuring.. :ind controlling instru: 52. 391 391 m"\nulacture or phocographic a.ld optical goods S3• • 392 392 393 m•nuiacture oCwatc.'ies aad elocU Si-- 3~3a3!J4 m•nui::icture oCjcwellcry :ind related articles SS. 395 39+ manufacture oi iur product!, exccpc weirin' :ipparcl; manuf:lC"ture ... fr-· :.,:ic:i 3!)6,399 ~g-.z.,395 56. mcius, manufacture oi industries no1. c.isc:wherc: cl:assified 399 511 . cl~tricli13lu :iod power (~ne.r:uion. cn.nsm:ssion ~d distribution) ~1· . ~51 r i\:i 111\nufaciure .:ind distributioa 5~ 51-z 3g. ··~21 ~~~~~~~~ 6o. •522 s~'~ ~~~ •8'31 ~·~~-'i 51. 6!Z. +•8'4-2 •844 '-~ ~ ~~ ~~ .S:-.:_, 61. tl\~e inrt·..inr1~ ...,.-c le;t out ai ~he -scopt" of :he 1:impic set or. +In :\SI .1i8 •"The counu:r?1rt! of t ~~e i ndu5trics in AS I -cl :1.ssi nc::u1on re:naaaed au lS ic.!e census sector t:i tml.:u 1ou.$ ii ·"' - 129 - Table 4.1: AVER...\GE ANNUAL WCOME OF DrCOME-TAX ASSESESS A,t10NG TEE PROF'SSSIOL~AL CUSS: 1975/76. Total Avcr::ge t:n.come s. Cl.asaificatton No. of Income Tax Pre-ta."t Post-tax No. of. proiesst ons . assess- usessed (1T+6C) ees Rs. (0001' Rs,(000) Rs. Rs. 1. Educ:ition and teachlng servtc~a 396 so. 04 7.89 20,212 lS,220 2. Literature, a.rt and joUJ.'n:e.llsm ·502 1,26, 69 21,41 25,237 20,972 3, Medical & health services 15615 19, 33, 44 2,77,72 12, 334 10, 563 4. FUm production and allied services 2092 15,ll, 97 4. 39, 98 72, 27..3 51,242 5. Music, drama aDd recreational sernces 946 4,05,53 l, 59, 32 42, 912 26, 025 6. Legal sernces 3593 4, 50, 19 67,58 12, 530 10,649 7. Arch! tects, surveyors ami engineers 536 4. ~4, 02 2, 13, 73 92,168 52,293 8. Accountants, auditors and actuaries 296 95,81 15,23 32, 368 27,223 9. Professtans not elsewhere specifted 862 4,34,84' 2, 40, 17 50,445 22,583 ~ 24898 55,32,52 14, 43, 03 Source: All India UJ.c~me-~ Sta.ttstf cs 1975-76 ~ .... __._.....,._. ___ ,.. ·-- ..... - .......... - __,,,_,_. ____ --- --·--- _______________________ ,. • , ..--------------------· ---------------------- ,- -···--·· i ' - 130 - I i } .... !able 4.2 EROSION IN TOP SALARIES IN GOVERNM:ENT SINCE 1960 \/ rrn Ruoees -:er month~ · . Sal:iry Sai:trJ .on Salary OQ Eq uiv:U ent Equiv::Uant in 1960 l. l. 73 l. l. 78 of Col. (2) of Col. (3) (=LAO) (200) (320) at Index at Index 320 320 l z 3 ~ 5 s Joim Secretary 2,250 2,500-2,750 2,500-2,750 7,200 4,0004,400 (~ 250-1,375) ( (781-859) Additional Secretary 2,750 3,000 3,000 8,800 4,800 (l,SOO) (937) Secretary 3,000 3;500 3,500 9,600 5,500 (l,750) (l, 094) Chief Executives (Public Sectoi:) 3,500 3,500-4,000 3,500-4,000 ll,200 5,600~,400 ( l, 750-2' 000) (1, 094-1,250) Note : Figurf!s in bnckets show the real value 3i index level 19'60•100. • __ ............... -- ---· . 131 - . Table. 4. 3 PERCENTAGE CHANGES IN REAL VALUE OF EMOLUMENTS OF ./ CENTRAL GOVERN11ENT EMPLOYEES SINCE lsr JA.i.'WARY 1973. SI. Emoluments as on Emoluments as on Percentage change No. 1.1. 73 - Pre-tax Post-tax Pre-tax Post-tax 1. l. 78 1. l. 78 after deflation !or From Col. 2 to From Col.3 to prices at Index Col.S Col. 7 320 Pre-tax Post-tax 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Rs. Ra. Rs. Rs. Rs. Rs. % $ 1. 196 196 308 308 192 192 - 2.0 - 2.0 2. 1000 954 1363 1281 852 800 -14.8 -16.l 3. 1500 1365 1863 1691. 1164 1057 -22.4 -22.6 4 .. 2000 1776 2343 2046 1464 1279 -26.8 -28. 0 So 2500 2121 2500 2150 1S62 1344 -37.5 -36.6 6e 3000 2406 3000 2454 1875 1534 -37.5 -36.2. 7. 3500 2640 3500 2723" 2188 1702 -37.5 -35.5 8. 4000 3188 4000 2994 2500 18'11 -37.5 -U.3 Source: Data.compiled by Study Grou~ ~"'N ~~~ ~~~ ~ ~~; " ' \ \~15 ,· _,. ---..... .......-..-.-------------~------------- - 13'2 - E:~tfOLu"'Ml:~TS OF CLASS r A.ND CLASS m EMPLOYEZS OF L.I.C. ASON l.1.78 AT COMPA.aAT!VE U:VELSOF BASIC PAY 0~)) CI ?SS Ill ct.Asst Pay D.A. Total Pay D.A. Total 530 890 1420 530 750 l.280 560 941 lSOl 570 760 13SO 620 1042 1662 610 910 1520 650 1092 1742 650 910 1580 680 1142 1822 690 920 1610 740 1243 1983 730 94a 1670 770 1294 2064 770 930 1700 800 ·1344 2i44 310 910 1720 830 1394 2220 850 910 1760 Source : Data compiled by tbe 5'tudy Gro~ ~ ~~~ ~'~ ~-~~; t\"'"1111~. • "-:-----------------·----..,.----- ·"' - 133 - Tabla 4.5 PERCE~'TAGE OF E;,rPLOYEES GETTHiG DEARXESS .-\LLOW..\N'CE I3.ELOW OR ABOVE Rs. l.JO PER POI)IT OR ITS EQU1VALENT ('Er.iol~mer.t in Ol')Os\ s.• Sectur Tot~ ~o. No. oi E rnµioyeeg being of c:1u % iJf No. of paid D. A. (per point Col.4 Col.S Employees formula or otherwise\ to tn At Rs.l. 30 At more than Col.3 Cal.3 per point or Rs. l.30 per its equiv:Uent point or its or less ecn..Ii val ent l 2 3 4 5 6 7 l. Central Govermnent 4075 3468 607 85.l 14.9 2. State Gov.ernments and local bodies •7132 6405 . 727 89.3 10.2 3. Public sector (1) Bapks and Insurance 383 28 355 7.3 92.7 (ii} Others 1259 1188 71 94.4 s.s 4. Private sector 5131 5000 131 97 .4: 2.5 Note: Estimates relate to the 7ear 1975. SoU'rce: ·Data collected by the study Grou~ ~~ ~-~ ~~~ ~·) ~~\~li,  .. - 134 - I.. I Tabla S.l ! f~':-.-~ :. -: . .~ . 7.~.: ·-.~ fl.-_.· ... : ~::::::.;~ -~:-U -----------------------------·----- I _.:._:.: ::~= :-~-::~-:.:---:-_-:-::.:::::1 , :=:--::: r~"::::-:..:...-:.:.~:.:. ~-=~~·-- ""' i 3 .... - . ..t -- [~1.:.=·: :;'j -.::: ~ ,.:·..;~·.- -:.;~: ;,.i .. '1'-•<111\:.: ... ,... ., _ .... . .. :.,5, ... ,s.: 1C.~,, '·' _;o ,. 1~.:.:~ - 1,,,.'..J/~---- ~~ A. ;_::~-.l:~=--~b_::l.:;.: _;:-:.=..;.-:-:. 1 !~ r-' ~ ..,,...4:::Js ~..:.. ~= :. . · :--;: .5: ?c-::-~= ~-~ ---1.: ~o 1.=1 1.17 ~ .1t; 1• CCJ t ton ~ o:i:+. i l e 1 .15 1. -~1 1.c4 1.c7 1 .31 1 -.4; 1.20 1 .c1 7.. Ju.-:~ Te:~t:..l:? i: .. 1.49 1.07 1,., a )• S i1.~ ·T ~:-t: :U. e 4 , •""' I 1. 39 1 -54 1.09 1.14 ~. T."ool.l"'.!l Te:~ila 5• !.:a "t.:ll. e:C:-:::.c-t :i:~ & ?..e! inir...5 1 .18 2~30 1.sa 1. ~ :3 6. :!~'tal ?..01::.:.--~ 1.3; 1.6; 1.;o 1.05 7• ao•.tr;:-i C.:i.s-: !_-~ ~ :::o:cri::..g ~ r:.:: ~n: .:.e.:; 1.;9 1. 79 1.37 1.;a 2 .. :,:r:::..f~c-::l.~~ c! 3c~-:s, ~7uts etc. 1.39 ~-7~ 1.44 1.07 9. :::!:~ c~a .. o! ~:!c~~l-:~a.l 1 .29 .~:.!::,:il ~~c:"I.:~ 3 1.56 1. 71 1 to41 1 a. !~t:f c:?.c·c-..i.:r::? of Tcols !~·~e!':ir.e 1 .51 1.6; 1 .33 1.20 11. !·!z-"lUic.c~.:.1=tJ cf : ·:ect:!cal l:l.1Chi- a.::.d. ~rpli~.~as '!:..'?-:~.t 1.43 1.67 1.22 1.28 12. 1.:a:a .l..:7actn::'3 of. Te~il+1 1 =~c::i.:le~ and. a.cce~~c:ies 1.51 1. 79 1.15 1 .Z{ 13 .. ~~i~=.:uil'! i?'~~ ·& ?.e!'ci.:!.!t..~ i.40 1. 99 i. i; i .zt 14. E:J :.l ·.-: a.j., ·;:c:: ~·:s:: c; s 1.;o 1.73 1.ca 1. ~ 0 15. . z.·~..-.. -f :ic~g ~ ::.e~~i: c! :!:-r.c: ";~hiclns 1.34 1.68 1 .1; 1o15 16. ~c::?.t-: ·.cuild.i.~e & ?.e!':?.i:ir.g 1 ,A.3 2.15 1.1a 1 .. 49 17. 3!.~te11 ~ :1!=.:'.~:'ac-==:L-rig ~·. a~~"_;lP i.::i.:::,g 1.52 1.5a 1.16 1.3s 16. ~~':'.y ~;;o::.k~!:cps 1. "l 2 1.35 1.10 1.27 19. :t·d=r.>go::::~tad Oil 1.;9 1 .::1 1.14 1.-16 20. 3iC..i :-'ac-:o:r:ies· 2n2~ 2.~9 1 .,_,_ ~., 1 .. n 21. Ci~7-:e~~~ ~~~~c:ies 1.57 1.93 1 .57 1, 13 r ~2. °P::'.~·1:: a::.C. ?~.::a: :;::cor~cts 1. 33 1.72 1e19 1.n :'-~ 3 c·~ ~-,·~::t 1.3a i .42 1 .19 ~ .'19 1.c7 ll ~· +of G11 ·~.:"..?! 1 .19 1.5; 1.09 /°"!... ... • ~J • ".!.·:·.u~:c= ~ ~S 1 .14 1. 21 1.;5 i .20 t"'jt: ':', ', .....~ ~, ~ ~ ~~J. •., - - · . ··J I .. , ..... n•. ____.,. - __ s .; .... 1 ,, 1.~o 1.76 1.36 1.55 2 a :? 2:- .•· I c~e::-::. ~~s 2::. C"·> . .: ~::f 7:t.:-:o=:.rls 4 1.39 2.01 1 .35 1 .3; 2·~..:.: .~ i:-:-:1 ~=-~~c..:: :.c!: 2.66 1.G2 1 .1..;. 1. 37 3C • C.:.~~~ c:-:r l:·..!. t .:·.s.cto:ies 2.45 1.94 1 .16 1.z'l -/-  135 Table 5.1 (Contd.) -----------------------------:--=---=-=--~~·-·------ :...:..~·=;.;-;.. .. ::..--.:..:.~·:.:.::.::..:.:..::.:.;. :.: ..._••;.;.· :i,;..______ ~-::;.;..'."'_:._: ;..-:-..;;.-::~~ :_~_:_._. .-- --- ·: ~2_ __.....;..:1_ __ ;-;-:-~ - - ( / : : ..~ 1•• I n d u s t r 7 t W\I ,..1........., t •...,; ----------------------------------l.-l1~~~~~~~-=-:.._:~~~~~------~1..::.~·~i - 6, 1.06 1 .12 1.06 31 • ~obscco CU:ri.~ Wo:r!:s i .19 1~;0 1.)j 1.so 1. :.7 32. Fo:;;t.~:'•!r"i r.:.:::."':"'.l!.1C~W:ing 1.25 1 .:::5 :~.:;.:u!actw:ir.g 1.57 1.90 33· Clothing 1.29 1 ... ;:7 1.5; 1.69 ..... ,.. 3~" ?l:inti:""---; P::eszes 1.40 1 .11 ' ...... ;: ;;. .a:tif i.c ial =·~-~Wl:99 1.29 1 ~ 2-J ... 1.48 1 .40 36 • S.;;:ap F~cto::itas 1.42 1~5c 37• ?e:=olet:.:: r:::ust:i~s 1.24 ·z.2.s 1.22 3s. Slec-:=:.Oal Ligbt & Powe: 1.a5 St.:.t,io~s 1.66 39· C"thc::s (0 .. 87) 1.06 2,.35 3. Plantaticns ~.10 2.,<1 40. T~~ ?l~~t~tion.3 1.00 1.04 41. Coffee ?l.:i...~tacio?:.S 1,00 1.co 42. ~~bbe:: Pla:J.tations 1.59 C.. !.il.:l.e s 1 1.)7 "!.cs 1.62 43· C~cl. ::i!:.~s 1.;5 1 .26 1.43 44• 1w65 2.30 !.:2..""lgane se 11ii:les 1.~3 1.oG 1.oe 1.0;· 45· Uica. !:ir.as ~.~3 1.26 1.-19 46 • !Ion Q.!;e ?,:.teas 1 .(J-j I i - 136 - l· Table 5.2 j i I ~T=:.::~... ~~ :-- ~, .... ._. ._ -----------~-·-·-··--) _______ l. ... ~. 83.53 13~.Z.=3 ;r ~ .'".1.~a - ."Je•~o I,. 3. SG.~.3 lC0.57 . t' 2i ;.,s '~.02 ,.. ·.:· 'a.s9 ~g.,~2 s .. 53~47 165.·18 ~GS 2.-38 li 2.l.:l: S.G2 s. 53.57 147 .ss 2.~13 .t 7. 81.dS lS3.97 s.a2 ~ t 3.27 6.40 a. S0.87 l.!.2-088 2.. c~1: ~.52 '~ .... a 28.19 1.0. . ?.2. 71 ·~3.s2 l.l3 1.75 l c 11 23.77 68 .s2 c.o-i 2.75 I ~ 59~49 o..as - -~· " ., .... 21.~7 ss·•.'31 O,.Ja· 2• .:.s ; 2.2.l ' " ! 13. 25.36 34.01 .. 50.53 1.01 1.S6 73 .l5 2.02 3.13 'iI ' ii s~-.......~ ~ ".D ~ '-~ ,~ ~~ ~ c-..~, 1 1~-, -"?~~~ <:._<::..~~.--N.._c::..-..., ''f'l'\-·. ........ " ~-·.- _ ~~\;. ~~--~: i:: ~~, \,,..,~ ~~ N.~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ w..\-_~ ~~ 1--\'5'5 ~~ N<:. · \ ; ' , \ i R- ~~~ '. i ~~ l'H,3- ~..._...........,._""\ 1.%+ · ~ • ~---......J .. --  - 137 - Table 5.3 I n C.. u s t r 7 ~:-:~in G5 _ _ _ __,!'~!' ?0 ~~·.~- =~=~j~ ii 'f '. R u i lo•~2 ::9 ~9G • 1, 2. Other Weo.r.ing app:?.rel O.nd Mc.da-up textile gocd.3 l. CS 61.09'3 l 3. Lea.ther :::.nd tc.:.thc~ p:-cducts 1,,:!.7 e::;.,~s I & 4 .. 'lo cxi co~ o roducts e..~ ccpt ~ furniture .. 0.45 o.a2 l·J:.99 ' 1 ~ 6• Non-L-tetzU:lic !tin.e~l Pro- d·..:.c-ts excetit Petr. ~nd call products a. 94 S:L,63 7. Construction 2. 20 8• Metal prod·.:.c~ a:<:cept Mo.ch!- nery o.nd Tran.sport aquipme:it 1.30 ·'l:.05 191"~6 0.,82 17... 01 10. Food a.so . 7 ,,1,l ll. Bave~ees 1...~o 12. To l:r:lcco 0.90 1.. sa :;..s.71 13. Ch~~l c.nd, C::a:rica.l p~i:dut..:t-S l.05 1,,.32 ~9·.86 Source: Deepak Lal, The St~c:u.:.-e of Ear:iinss in India, ?la.nni:J.g ::~mmission, July 1974. Basic Source: CSO, Tables ·Ni.th ~otes on small ~cale ~anufacture. Ru=al and Urban, ~SS ~eport ~c. 94. 14ch ~ound: July 1958-June 1959.  - 138 - l !able 5.4: .:\V!RAGZ r..raEKLY !ARNI~TGS !~ PRI~TC!!'AL OCCUPATIONS ACCORD!~G !O :iSS 19t1 i)I:, --~ (JULY 1964 - Ju"m: 1965) A..'TD 11s: ,(.XLY 1960;~..rt,~;z 19~~l~.RQH~~- .,; -- ., . . ,,,.....: J,. Arlll!in!.se·.·::: !.'I!' ..; t!X'!CUC :.·.·9 'J•- .C:l.i\J..S - - .................. i:.- , __ .;;i.i.. ---- "" ·1c., o c hP.'' dir .~c:.:i-:s, :;.i.IJ.i 4;•s ~ 37 • .J.S !.C9 • ~ :io:JcJ.nc ;i·-a p'"it>c:o:s ( S) · Phj-siei<lM, Su~;!'!lr.s, Dene!.se.s (l) 35.68 :.os. i'9 2. 75 • .'.XJ s:l.~l 3. Ot!".~:o ?...,r.,.::~!.lncl., -:eci'!...,!c:al and Reli::.ced. .. o:xe,.s ( ·~) ~3.22 a~.~a 4. 3o:)k-ltce;ie":"', ·:~hin\', i:~~~-'ll. ..w,:J1.;C.:.'"\:~ w"lci ;l~,··~ (6) 'J7 • .J6 .:.7.~6 .s. · ! each~-a ( ~} end ~c::un.:..:ar.!.:>n :JS.67 42.4l. s. Othe:· '::.·eti .. :Q:": ~CC:t1-pal:~:'1 C!.-i) .. ?os-c<il. eelel'hona, :ele~":"'a~h end J2.70 -tO.C9 7. rel.a1:1d e..;,..,c:ac=".m:.c::ic~n ope,.a.cg~ \lJ) a4 St:e:'.oi::o3!'~;·s., ~n-!.":.s, o::~. l·~a.c:hin• -.. 0"?•-:0!i.C04.'S, ot!111. Clar:.::al. .md :-cl~ad ~ .02 37.S2 ·•o\·~a.-s <. 7) · • . ~ :'":1..~=• ::m, :-oll.:~, :i-awe-s, . ~·. ~. : : ::.Nld.•·~s t:i .. ~c!.:l~n :.,.,:i:::-.:::!!'\1: =~s (:.a) t:io~s, :iacl".!n~e: '!lact~~c!.4"1S .,cc :O • .s9 36.40 ~. ! I .. I I io. ~u.. ~.-, !'~~.ac1sf!3 ~d o:?:r• :eci1i:~ i ind ~.al th 1! .;;:i:n.1.:~.:n ~ 2l zg.,55 :ia.28 1 "i ~.40 .u. ?lot :"'~':°!!et! (~) 4.4.79 ... l A.oo::~ :O~ed <2".!) J.l.·~ l4.89 u. · ·•· · 0--i't't!t:' mci ~ad Ci:t!ft.S!"JC''"! (.,:2) Z71l4 34 • .34 l:S. ~ H• '.():!Ci..,& ;l:":)!'~'!.~'!~'t"S, '-':.0l~aJ.e .t l:'•t.nJ. ~-~a-- (3) 3l.C6 ~-"'2 ..( 15. .ic)~ll:r:it :toe clau1:1able ~,. t .. . ~ oc:c:apat!oft '27i ... :• 28.l.3. .: ~42 ·. 1 ! -- .,J :· ~ I ie. S9:i:m..-s, •Jeavl!l":t. !<nitters ; 2:1.ss ..... dyes md :oelatad •Jo:oa~ <. l.5) :JQ.94 j i ~- ....-:- .. .J I J.7 • Ca--;imtr.s, jo!ne:-s, mdCS (. 'llOOd) ' ;;.'J) ;i~ e:n !I .A. . .. ~ • .56 .. l i .. 1 ., is. S&les:an S-r.09 ~:!.st ant, S&J.es .. :I ; •o':"'ie!."lf (. S) 22.l2 7:1. Tl :! : .. iI J.9 • 3i:'iclcl~':"3, ?ba-cc-s:os and Mason.s(J~ :I •.A. -rt.SJ ~ !·' ' .·, .. ··. ·1 .... 3) Ca·,~cs Join~S 9l:C '19) 2l.e.5l. 2s.a? ··... j - . .:";· ... j 1 21 22. Ct.be Sc"'1'1ce Sin~, ·~u~11:as ,,;oio\c. . s (26) ;nd .'!"•la.tad ·.,or!cr.s 20.~ l9.08 24.2:3 :z•.oe - ·. i ~ '1' . . 'l.JJ . .j ;.~ ... J -1 ·1 =· ~ai.lon, c-.sit.,•s 7 :'ln-""i•:-s and --el&ted ·.io'"*<r.s 1i.l6) ~~.s ii ,-..,du.c:~a '""' ceH · · ·· 0th•,• _ .. 19.42 !,S.i5 23• .18 ·:: 22• .s2 ~· ~t ~ ., ·' . . 24. 09r•CO:'! ( 2l.) .. .! •1 'j ae. I.•at.be· cu'C t e~s, la.'11: • 3 arid s C'lte~s tad -.iced va:k•':"s ( li) 19 •.31 2l.M ,. I "l I.azndC'r.s, d..,. clem.-s illd ~laud l 3. T'S P'l. 'ell ! 2e. l- '1'01"krs \2S) ':fl. r..aeou.... ~ :iot :.l~~1.:: Id e.l..s.whre ( 22l l7.l3 20.93 29. hai:- d:"'!s.s.-~, ~eau.:~t'!c!.atia Sa:.·~(!.;'S, .nd ':"ela:«t ·•o:!:ca~:3 \ Z~} l6.~ J,S.67 ·Ii ~. 3•icklavcr.:o:, i>la::t ,...·: atd =n"t:":"Uc:t!an is • .s2 varlce.,.. r: ••• c. \~ · :.a. !·f!ll'."~, -,c!:i:o•-: '!I:<: .::d .... ~.'l~cd l~.4.1 11 • .s~ ::'Qocl ~ ~•ve:-J.(';e •o:k~s <:o) Jl;. F'..a~• '.<H';!e':", c=oks, :a.14.s and l2• .:0 14.7:. :9.l.&.: l!d wor!:o.·s \ ~:?l \ . ! :l:Z. !IT"icklave-s, ;:li::.st r~·!' '.J'ld ~.A. l4.1~i ell::l.:11:7".lC::~n ·•O:"ltC::'S \~) ~. :'.r=e'":-. ~ t'.:.-.s :im ·~ _,•• ~' : a.-:i ·.10-!s:el"s, ocho- <l?,'!':.C".!.l.1:1.6.:"o, 9.:9 U.4~? l :!:le:.-:; '4 ~·~:-~e't"7 ...,:~·~·s <:.o) . } ::~ ~: ?i~.it''!9 in ~n.clte!!3 are ~!le code :rumber~ i.:1 '!eh.~~"- re!lor~ 3ourc!!: ~ISS :-a~or:s ~Ios. 16.3 anri !.31.  . - 139 - - 1.~~ • Table j. 5: E.~I~GS AVER.~GE BY PRINCIPAL I~USTRY rN'"'EEn.Y le 2 3anks, 1nsuA."nnc~, :-~e.l estu.c: I! Gl.Jl nnd othe tinar.c!u.l !n:st .. tue.:.,n Coan:.:nic:ac!::>n (JO) t26) 56.06 M.~ ~l .A.. ACCORIDNG TO NSS 19th, 18th, 3. or C"heiical and M.e.nu.!'nctu;:-e 53.SO ~.JS :J:J.S9 2oth and 21st ROUNDS Chemical ?::-oauc:.:1 ( llJ • 4. !bnurcctu..- e 0 r E:lect:- ical liac:h!r.o:.•7, o:p?a-~:us, 46 • .34 48.46 :31 • .5.S ',J:J.:32) 11ppl!eat ~n.:. and supµlie~( 15) Othe.. ::ianu:aetu:;o:!.r:g !.."'ldust~!es 47.63 48.C6. N.A. ~l.A. - s. '18) 6. Ba.sic: Metal IL\:!uo;tt•ies (lJ) :;a.47 47 .95 ~l .A. ~l .A. 7. i:ducatiQne.l S~ic:e.s (.:ll.) 42.ao 4S.74 32.s1.~:~1.a4 a. Qovenment Se··vices <.:o> • 40.08 44.lO N.A. rr.A. 9. Bailway 'tran::!"o~ t 27) 42. 33 N • .A. ~I .A. · 10. Othe"·' Se.•vic:es (JS) ;l I. Ue Med1c:al and r~ealth ::let"•tic:es :3.5.97 ?:/.99 (:1~) JS 0 a5 N •.\. ( 33.82) i .. .. ~· MC!llu!'?.i:tu:-e o £ 7:-ws t'O :-t :'.qui~:ent (lG) · 36.20 i~· J.,3. ::J..cet-icit:;, Cica:J iia:te-:- ~1 ••.\.. ~t .A. acd San:i.ta·-1 Se::"'7ic~ ( 21.) r. ·' l4• ·~l.:>lcw:ll~ ~!'nde 1n ot~.e: 2S .C4 22 • .:S r h ;i·:":>duc:ts <. 2:J) : .. 1:3, Othe:"" C:)r.-:unit7 Se,.vicee (~) 2$.0.5 (l.2.8'1~ · 15. utter T:-anspo-:': a..,C: Sto~a~3 (~S) l:Je ';"3 • • I 17. Ha."'ln!ac::u:-!' ot :ie';~ ;:~duct;3 :t- - - ·1 e."'C:e::it ::!E!Ch!.~e:o:!.:s ana t':"3f".i-:Ol"f! 'rl 144.;. :~ ~ . eq,ui;=ent ( 14) • l;; •. · · : is. Manu!'actu~e at textiles (5) 22.59 i'" . -~ 19. ?.-1."lt!r.~, ?-l:l!sh.!n! and All!ad ln~us-;··:.e:o. (3) . Z?. 64 32. 6;3 ~I .A. -~i - ~ 20. H1scl!'llaneous l!C11ui:"actt::-1."1g Iq.::iu~t!'Y ( 17) 21.o.s 32.0l 32.99 ··~i ··~J 21. Mi."l:l.nl and ~uc:-y1n3 \2) 27 •.s.s ::0. 20 ~ .A. ·~~~22. OtJ:ie.· C:)r.sc:-uct~n ~!.v!~1H (20) . \' :< ·;·. }=i 2:3~ t:'!"~e 1n !'cod •hole!ial<t . . .. .. ,i':; . . .. and live an!i:u1u \22) ::~~ 24. Xanutaceu~·19 o! foct".tec-, othe;o ·. ..- ~ : , 1 ·.;ear:!.ngs ap .J3:"a;, artci :.iaci.e up textile goads (S) ··-:::j as. !-!~nuiactur9 or .tU.."":11~UA"• and -, . r!x:u:· • ~S) ; . :. i ; 26. iletail t":"ade in ot?:e- ~ocs C2.5) •·.· • 'Z:'I. Act1·11t!es :-.ot ?deq1.:atel7 dsscr:!.?:l•d (:t:n , · 28. ~tanu!actu ... e o! le~e:a~· and Source: Deepak Lal, The S true- . leatt.t!- e..,d !'~~ p':"OC.:·.:ccs · ~ctr,:>t !'oot•Je~· s.""ld ~t:!:le .. t:?ure of Ea'rnings v•& .. !ne appa-el ( io> in India, Planning ···· 29. Henu!actu-:ie ot r.cn-aoer.R.llic: · 1974. < ::ineral ;i·."'!)d'lces c:tec~t Commission, • p:-oduc:t:-: at ;>ct~~-='.;!11 and [ Basic Source: ~SS report 1 ~al <.12) I t I ;;.To• 181. · '~. Mc.nutactu:"''! o t: ·..ood end co~!c !.9.95 24.42 17.74 except: ::anutac:tu...-e ru':'nitu.. '! <i) ., 31. Retail t"·ade i.'l !°Qad (24) 21.74 z:>.94 Clru:t-·Jc'.: :..0 n .and ::iaint enanc:e of ::.-•sicrmc!,~..!. .:=ld ~on-res!<.lcnt!al 17.38 aJ.21. bu1ld!ngs ( l<2-) ~. :Oad ::i:mu£!1Ccu~!ni; ( J) ~. 5evet"!l.f;0:9 i'.l1d !obc;cco (<l.) ::16 • ..:.i;:-!ct:l: 11::- ~, "!.:..''':!~to c!-;:, !."or ~t';'"/, hunt!ng :ind !"!.:11~.,F: ~.lJ 14.02 U..J~ (~IJ •. ;4) ... ----· ____ ,__:ll.~ 3:3·04 :::1.as 22 •.:m  'l'able ~.b .• r • ft_ u 1. BUloak a r.d D.1.f!"c.lo d:n~in 0.65 O.l'S 2 .. 31 6.47 2. Jlo~o nra c;thur O.n\.~l d1uun 1.19 i.~o 6~ :!.t 10. 72 :s. P.lclwhc.\r nnd c,thor :inir.lA.~ dr.!:-ln 1.23 2.11 6.71 4, ft)a t, a.nd ctbor vato~ bomo 1.u O.!H 9.56 6. Puck An!J:,"'lla 0.02 1.fiG . ~. '16 6. (•~!~u~ ____ 0 ,.,72 ......_ J:-"H'- -1.:J.Q_ 1. !~l T~·pc&J .,':a 0 .... _ __:::,c 1t5~ ............. -2d1 ~ .. ·~-.. 4 Source; ll~l!lllik. Lal 1 'l'he Structure of Earutngs in India, PlannJni; Co11uukc.ion 1 1974. Ua::dc. Soucce: CSO, 'l'ahlt!t; wich note~ on UouticholJ Non-Mcchuul£t.:d 'l'1·a1rnport a11J U_c11ization of Uoa·ktng Animals. NSS RcporL Uo. 10~ 1 15th i·u1mJ: July 1959-June 1960. I .. - 141 - Table 5.7: DAILY-WAGE RANGES ni CONTRUC':ION: 1957 to 1961 (.:;:"or Concrac.i: Lc;.cour) 2 • .:;() s.co l.70 9.CO J.CO 7,GO (U,?, ) (2,j:..:: :1·) (U. :-. ; (J~:) (;.~_:.1;•{1 s .... (2.::;.:~~·; ~~:,-~::.i:•.J) Ca.rpc~tc:: 2,CO 3.CO 2. :·J 7.50 J.CO 6.7; (fl:i.h."l!") (Z.;!::C:.~t) (!~:-'.,~~!~·;,I (&::::::ly) (Bi.h::: ::: , :·~~d.!·"·~:.: .• (:' ;1.hi.) l<C!'~.. l::. Oriss1) ~~-i.;..i.:-c 'II • .::::::~,"-.!.) .. .. 3lc.ck···:::::d. th 2.00 ?.CO 2. ".)'J 7.00 2.50 ;.5J (Eilv!:-) (2;,c:::··:r, (A.!!tl~~:.) (Asz::.!'1 1 (.Pt1:tJ n b) (Dell:.:.) Dclhl) Ori:.sa, ~'lj : ..=:'.(::::i.) .Plu:nl:ci.·· 1. 55·~ 6.0C'J J.~'J 6. 50 L.00 6.00 ('i.3c.:n;;·.:·i) (W.P~nrnl) (;..::::::, :·"'.) (Am:ihro.) (;: .;;:-:'.::::1) (.2:m~.:,·) 2.o:i 7.50 2.c·J 10.CO ..,~"' ... J'-' 6.CO (Bih,,.r) (:·!. =~ r.::s.:) (:·::.c.:::a..:;) (i·tf oiore) (3i.h;i.r) (W •.S.:ng~l) H:m l.CO. (U, P.) .3.CJ 0.2:; J.50 1.25 ?.. :o (Bo;r.:.:.:.•.:r) (U. ;- . ) ( t.;:>;.1.0~'/, (',.i. 2cnpl) (r!.:ir.:::.::.:: J :·qsoria) Raj:.~~:.._:.;. 1.00 (l~:di!'.:!.' 2.50 (S.J·:.:. .:./' o.~.::. /r• - \ ..1 • .:~. ' ) 2.50 u~u::.::::.j-) O.S? (i.: . .:[:·us) " Jelhi) . ..,,_ -··..":! ( 5·..)::~:"'·!y) ~hr.t! .... ~ . ;, U.P.) V;;::oc·c, Or·.b:.;.;:) I:~·!·.;.,;-:'...:.·~.\ :·:·.:.j,·..:-~ i·'-·.i.::.:.;:;.:i' .~-~~1-~~?·;:;::::i•.:..:~ --------·~:.:~••, J~!:) .'<·.:...---1~-L.:.r·:::.~.5~.-."'.. I .. ;~-: ;··-~·.:.:_;:\.::..·--= 1 2.50 s.co 2.50 6.00 ('.!.?.) (.!:.::..·.r..:ij") 2.50 9.00 2.:50 6.00 4.CO 3.C6 (U •.?.) ('S~r:i~.Y) (fuml:C!:r) (Cu 1,:;,lt ta) B1.uc1:-~u th 2.2'7 a.oo J.oo 5.50 J.50 6.)'0 (tr • .?. ) (Dj h'Jr) (C.:i..lc:.:.t~.,) (C:ih:.tt'...::.) 5.CO (C.;,,i:~y) ?..25 8.00 J,00 5 • '.)0 2. 53 7. 7 5 .. (iJ,!'.) (.SD,:a·) ( C.<:'J.cu:t·L::t) (2'~:-:i c.7 i ),JO j • J.::? 2.• 25 ].06 l.;..C) (!. :~=.J.!: :·r!. J u·-·.:.:.~·r-:::) (C':': . ....i.!~ -~... ;. ·- ...... w~.} l"'! , •f" ~·l,?. ) •.. :::J ?.. (.'() 0. 7:; 2.00 I\ _... ... , •t. ,.. .. - - .... ., ,'. f : ... ' ··-, '! ~ ' 3a~ic Sourc~: Survey of contract lacour (Minsitry of Labour and Employment (Government of Indial (1961L. Source: N.V.A. ~Ta::asimhan, Impact of contruction on Employment C:.rith. special reference to India) in ~mploym.enc Unemployment ~roblems of near East and Sou~h Asia, Vol. 11, edited by R.G. Ridker and H. Lubell, Vik.as ?ublications, 1971.  - 142 - !able 5.3 .,..- ?rr~c!·: :·.·:n t~·1:t:; :··:·\=:.. '~~· ·,.:,·.c.: . . , :'..::J L!.~.:...!u~~ u(j·~j,,u.r , ~ a.:~no ~..("~~ c~;., ~:..:....::L· r..•.\i :.d:!. ~:: ~·l.':.:;~ 1-.::) ~~~~~ :i1:.::.J: ._·1,·;:; ( 195'/-· '\)- ;..7:; 3. :!!; !.• :!..:~ :o 2. 5':; l.7J !/J 50 . ~·· '• 2.~~ 1.~3 1. 5/: 6j . ·.... - - '.'·1 •• .,,,..,-. J ./, ·~ 2.~J ;.. • .)4 76 ... 2.L: :!.1.J (J. ~·!, 106 t ~ !~ .:;..:.~.: :....... ~. 1:1J (). 2.'. '· l~ .•".: '"!..~: ~ ~ ':. ! :! 1.:.:1 .• !) ll. ,:z ::.::· \t' -.···· ......... --------- .u. i --i_ ~-?J__J iJ .;'. !.'"J. :o J.2; 2.2.JO ;.9,·.::·J J.-:J ~.70 3.t::.:•r .~::;.:::r.i .:,.,.. ":·" _, ,, .,, J.·7·; '"!, .... :; l?.. - i'..?.j="·.!iL};,ttn 20.i:o 2.75 7.JO J • (-; K. 17.50 6.25 2,;::o :1ah'lt·:.:;~t:-:i a Cuj:u·at. ;~:.~::l~'!. !':-:.:t~cb. 3.75 1 •• ;..; 4,50 J.45 .... ··"' 1 0/ 4.00 , I. f 3(c) ·~ ~ ... \ t :.~-:_~~$ i'.;.:.h.i-...._ r· .~:.~·::0: . 1 ::;:.c~ ;.::.~o J. ;o 3. 5-'J ..I;':, a.:-~ .. -~, 12.l l~.::: :.Ji. :..:.. r r .. :.::i~ ~!i :.}.)J ;..J3 .~.·;~ ~~.L. !·::r~~l·c!: 2~.oc !;.!;O l;.• ,:.J,,. :~~- 5 :i.i:.~.~i:-rl !l:.~c!,~:.:h ~).00 5.~5 1... 33 ~:..:"'tr:.:.t /.-,.oo 1.. 7; l,. 21 C::-:i.=::.u :.;.vo L>-'75 I:. r.~.J : ..::.~: ·': :'7.~· . !l ;.: . ;'J !;.• Z5 ., -:,, .,.._.., }. l.:; r::::r:"' 1.~:. 11 .~o l-.~~ .:.~.6 .~.::'..:•!;i. ·"· ~:; :?. 39 ~-- ;_7 1.J,.• o . ~ i I J (.:) ~ ' ··--- .' Az.:.:!!:.!.'.:. l'"..·: .. 1·"··=: :.~J :;;.25 o.~:J 2. 2 A:.::.: ••~ 2.1(. 5.50 a.;9 2. c.) ~, ; ... ~--·,,, -···=-· ·H 0.·75 I:.• 50 C.17 6.0 0-::: ... c. 70 ;.:. 75 O.l~ 6.1 ?\~·~ j:'.:J ,., . . •. =~ ~ 54C'J 0, !J 9.1.. .;. ~ .·.... 0 ., -~·: . 5 .. CG 0,) l. 9 • .::. Hl.-.~ 1"' ~ I• - :' ;".' ·-· '· o..::5 5.CC 0.·:;7 1•.·•.. I• t • "" •, t ~·.: .. .. Gr.· jn ! .. .. Q. :.'J t: t-r:: , .. / I !J,0.'. ?..~.:~ ··i- ._· .. ~ o..::-{ : • ,i'J iJ.·,JJ ~'). 5 3asic Sourca: Conc-ac.: t.bour, :!1:1:!.s't:j' of !..abour a.nd E::i~lcyrne:z.c Gov~. of !naia (l9el}. Source: ~T. V .A. ~farasi:1han, ::i:cac: of ·:=n-c=uc~:!.on ..Jn ~lov-me!l.~ (Wtth s~ecial ~eierence :: ~aia), 7-n ~ployaen~ 3.lla Uneriployment P~oblems af ~ear Zas~ and South ..\..sia, Vol. ll. edited bv a.G. ~i.dker and a. Lubell.