Burundi - Highway Maintenance Project

CIRCULATII!G COPY ETQ BE RETURNED TO REPORTS DESI' DOCUMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Not For Public Use Repoit No. P-1369-BU REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF BURUNDI FOR A HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PROJECT January 31, 1974 This report was prepared for official use only by the Bank Group. It may not be publishedj quoted or cited without Bank Group authorization. The Bank Group does not a. xp responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the report.  Currency equivalent Unit = Burundi Franc US$ 1 = FBU 78.75 FBU 1 = US$ 0,0126 FBU 1,000 = US$ 12.698 FBU 1,000,000 = US$ 12,698.41 Fiscal Year January 1 - December 31  INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF BURUNDI FOR A HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE PROJECT 1. I submit the following report and recommendation on a proposed credit to the Republic of Burundi for the equivalent of US$5.0 million on standard IDA terms to help finance a Highway Maintenance Project. PART I - THE ECONOMY Political situation 2. The internal political situation in Burundi is difficult. Burundi's population consists of two ethnic groups, the ruling Tutsi minority and the Hutu majority, who since the Hutus overthrew the Tutsi in Rwanda in 1962, have tried on several occasions to gain control in Burundi also. Although the Tutsis and Hutus have intermarried and the present regime includes several Hutus as Ministers, the conflict remains. It is aggravated by the generally dominant role of the Tutsis in economic activity. 3. Conflicts between Tutsis and Hutus occurred in 1965, 1969 and lastly, in 1972. The latter resulted in severe counter-measures by the Government and a virtual civil war. Although law and order was essentially restored in the fall of 1972, the situation has remained unstable and much of the Govern- ment's attention has been concentrated on non-developmental activities. 4. Several Bank missions visited Burundi in 1972 and 1973 to evaluate the situation in the country and to review the prospects of IDA operations in Burundi. With the restoration of reasonable calm in the country, there are now indications that the Government will attend to development projects; attention is already being paid to the formulation and execution of projects. Aid agencies active in Burundi have resumed their operations and now con- sider the implementation of projects to be reasonably satisfactory. Economic situation 5. An economic mission visited Burundi in November 1973, and its re- port will be circulated to the Executive Directors in the next few months. Country data are provided in Annex I. 6. Burundi, a landlocked country, is one of the poorest countries in the world, and among the 25 countries defined by the UN as least developed. GDP per capita averaged about $65 in 1970-72; it is even lower in the rural areas where 95% of the 3.4 million population live on agriculture and barely meet the minimum nutritional standards. Agriculture accounts for about 64%  of GDP and the secondary sector, including manufacturing and construction, accounts for 12%. Less than 4% of the active population are employed in the modern sector, where they earn nearly 28% of national income. Over the past decnde, income per capita seems to have stagnated, although in 1970-1971, real income rose by 10% as a result of combined increases in production and in export prices of coffee, the main export. In 1970-1972, gross investment averaged only 7% of GDP. The civil strife in 1972 had an adverse effect on the economy. Cotton production declined by about 35% from 8,800 tons in 1971 to 5,700 tons, and fishing by 66% from 16,800 to about 7,400 tons. In addi- tion, because of cyclical fluctuations, coffee production in 1972 decreased by 22.5% from 25,150 tons in 1971 to 19,500 tons. 7. Burundi faces serious constraints to economic development. These are: (a) high population pressure on scarce land resources, (b) heavy dependence on coffee exports and lack of clear alternatives, (c) insuffi- cient economic infrastructure, and (d) scarcity of skilled manpower. 8. With about 136 inhabitants per square kilometer, Burundi's population density is among the highest in Africa. Nearly all available land is occupied. High population pressure tends to keep the standard of living close to subsistence level. To provide adequate supplies of do- mestic foodstuff, the Government's first development plan (1968-1972) empha- sized development of agriculture. This strategy is to be continued under the draft second plan (1973-1977) which provides for investment of about $52 million to increase agricultural productivity and to diversify production. 9. Because of the country's small size and the resulting limitations of its domestic market, Burundi's development depends mainly on increasing exports, in particular of coffee, which is the country's most important cash crop. During 1970-1972, the share of coffee in total export earnings varied between 85% and 95%. It is cultivated by some 400,000 farmers on small plots. To reduce the country's dependence on coffee, the Government, with foreign assistance, is making an effort to diversify the economy by introducing tea production and promoting cotton cultivation. Thus far, the iuipact of these efforts is limited; the development of tea production is still in its first phase, while cotton production has been adversely affected by the recent dis- turbances. Substantial deposits of nickel ore have been discovered in the center of the country, with probable reserves estimated at 180 million tols of ore averaging 2% of nickel. But it will take at least five years before these deposits can be exploited. Coffee is, therefore, likely to remain the mainstay of the economy for quite some time to come. Further increases in coffee production and improvement in quality seem technically and economically feasible, and could enable Burundi to increase its production and foreign exchange earnings. 10. Burundi's external trade is seriously hampered by high transport costs. Goods are largely transported to and from the Indian Ocean, a distance of about 1,400 km. Internal transport is costly, as the country's national highway network is in poor condition because of insufficient mainte- nance, and these factors limit exports to commodities which have high value  - 3 - relative to weight. Other economic infrastructure is also insufficiently developed; electricity and tap-water are available in only two cities, Bujumbura and Gitega. The draft second Five Year Plan provides for projects in infrastructure amounting to about $55 million, aiming particularly at improving the country's road network, organization of the transport sector and urban development. Investments in tourism, manufacturing and trade would amount to about $12 million. 11. When Burundi, a former Belgian dependency, became independent in 1962, it was faced with the need to build a new administration and to strengthen educational institutions to meet the manpower requirements of the economy. Although the expanding educational facilities and the scholar- ships provided by external assistance have had encouraging results, the country is still very short of competent and experienced technicians and managers. Educational programs are insufficiently geared to meeting the country's technical manpower requirements in agriculture, industry and public utilities, and the country still relies heavily on foreign technical expertise to meet the shortage of skilled people. To adapt education to the country's needs for agricultural and technical skills, the Government is preparing a reform of the educational system. 12. The possibilities for economic and social improvement in Burundi rest principally with the agricultural sector. Because of favorable ecology and climate, the country can produce a variety of agricultural commodities, ranging from cotton, rice and palm oil in the lower valleys, to wheat, bar- ley, potatoes and tea in the higher regions, while conditions in the middle elevations are very good for coffee. In the most densely populated areas, yields per hectare can be increased, and once the tsetse fly is eradicated in the North-East of the country, more land can be brought under cultivation. Animal husbandry and fishing can also be substantially improved. However, the realization of the potential depends on how far the Government, hitherto preoccupied with a precarious law and order situation, can implement programs such as extension services, improvement of planting materials, distribution of fertilizers and marketing. 13. Since the mid-1960's, the Government has made substantial efforts to improve its budgetary situation. The current budget deficit of the late 1960's was considerably reduced and turned into a surplus of about $0.3 mil- lion in 1970. In 1971, the situation improved further and Government sav- ings were estimated at about $2.9 million. This development was brought about in part by higher incomes and revenues derived from favorable world coffee prices. The budget continued to be assisted by foreign grants amount- ing to about $0.4 million annually, and by considerable technical assistance in filling Government positions. Between 1966 and 1971, Government revenues steadily rose by 11% annually. Although there was a rapid increase in ordinary expenditures because of the need to create a new Government ad- ministration and to expand social and education facilities, the increase was kept to an average annual rate of six percent. In 1972, however, ordinary expenditure grew by over 19% and Government savings amounted to only $0.4 million. In 1973, there was a relatively small deficit on the current budget.  14. Burundi's capacity to finance public sector investments is limited. In 1970, foreign capital aid financed about 90% of capital formation in the public sector. As private investments contributed little to domestic in- vestment in the monetized sector of the economy, external assistance played a crucial role in the growth of Burundi's capital assets. In line with the increase in foreign aid, gross investments increased from $6.4 million in 1965 to about $15 million annually in 1970-1971. Because of the lack of domestic resources in the foreseeable future, Burundi is likely to remain heavily dependent on external capital and technical assistance for the bulk of its development effort. 15. Official development assistance was estimated at $19.4 million in 1972. Belgium contributed about 33%, and UN agencies, IDA and the European Development Fund another 53%. Technical assistance amounted to about $9.8 million, while the aid contribution to public sector projects reached about $9.1 million in addition to program aid of some $0.4 million. In the 1965- 1971 period, total foreign capital aid amounted to about $53 million, of which $45 million were in grant form. On December 31, 1972, Burundi's ex- ternal public debt amounted to $6.9 million, excluding undisbursed amounts. Of this the Bank and IDA together hold 61%. Debt service averaged 4.5% of export earnings during 1971/72 with the Bank Group receiving 34% of service payments. By 1980 the Bank Group can still expect to be holding an equally high proportion of debt and debt service. The high share of debt owed to the Bank and IDA is largely due to the fact that mDst other aid is given on grant terms. Notwithstanding the low debt service ratio, the country is too poor to justify any borrowing on conventional terms. External aid should finance a high proportion of total projects costs, including local expenditure, and be on grant or near grant terms. PART II - BANK GROUP OPERATIONS IN BURUNDI 16. Before independence, Burundi and neighboring Rwanda formed the Belgian Trust Territory of Ruanda-Urundi, to which the Bank made a loan of $4.8 million in 1957, with the guarantee of Belgium. The loan, which was fully disbursed at independence in 1962, financed the improvement of the Bujumbura-Muramuya road in Burundi and the expansioni of the lake port of Bujumbura, the present capital of Burundi. Repayment of the principal of the loan and the payment of interest are being made by Burundi. 17. Burundi has been a member of IDA since 1963. Th.ree credits have been made to Burundi, totalling $3.28 million. In Mare. 1966, a first credit of $1.1 million was made to the Governent of Burundi for Regideso, the agency responsible for water and power supply, for the rehabilitation and extension of the water supply system of Bujumbura. During implementation of the project, funds were also allocated to Burundi by the UNDP, WHO and Germany for improvement in Regideso's management and staffing. The IDA project was completed in March 1973 and has provided Bujumbura with an ample and safe water supply but failed in extending the distribution system. The  Government and Regideso have still not fulfilled a number of contractual obligations stipulated in the credit agreement and supplementary letter, such as increasing tariffs, improving Regideso's management and staff, and carrying out regular auditing of Regideso's accounts. The last supervision mission took place in March 1973 upon completion of the project. At that time Regideso's overall cash situation was acceptable. Basic technical and administrative operations, such as accounting and billing, were adequate, but management and training of staff remained weak. To improve this situation, Germany will continue to provide technical assistance. During future missions to Burundi, we will continue to urge the Government and Regideso to fulfill their obligations. 18. The second credit of $1.8 million was made in April 1969, for the improvement of coffee production by smallholders. Execution of this project is satisfactory. A highway engineering credit of $380,000 was made in June 1970, to help finance the detailed engineering of the Bujumbura-Nyanza Lac road and a highway maintenance study. The proposed project results from this study. A summary statement of the pre-independence Bank Loan and the IDA credits is attached as Annex II. 19. While the directions of future development in Burundi remain clouded by overriding ethnic and political questions, in planning future IDA projects in the country we intend to focus on projects which would benefit the larger and poorer segment of the population. Preparation is under way for a mixed farming project, with a heavy component for the im- provement of coffee production. The project would consist of assistance to peasant farmers in the form of extension services, fertilizers, etc. In cooperation with the UNDP and FAO, we are planning to assist in the im- provement of traditional lake fishing. For the longer term future, we hope to assist in the diversification of the education system, with empha- sis on technical education. The present project includes a component for the study of future transport needs in Burundi, particularly to assist the agriculture sector and this may be the basis for future IDA lending in transport. PART III - THE TRANSPORT SECTOR 20. Burundi's terrain is very rugged, making transport difficult. There are no railways; road construction is costly, and this has hampered the development of the road system. The economy, however, is heavily de- pendent on roads for transportation in areas not served by Lake Tanganyika. Almost all export-import traffic is by lake from Bujumbura to Kigoma in Tanzania, and then by rail via the East African Railways to Dar-es-Salaam on the Indian Ocean. While there are other routes both to the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, they are less reliable and more costly. An international airport at Bujumbura serves large jet aircraft, and there are six small airstrips scattered throughout the country.  -6- 21. Although the highway network is extensive, totalling about 5,500 km, it consists mostly of low standard earth and gravel roads. Only a small part of the network is paved. Some 3,000 km are maintained by the Director- ate of Roads and Bridges in the Ministry of Public Works. The remaining 2,500 km carry very little traffic and their maintenance is the responsibility of local authorities. The bulk of the network is in very poor condition be- cause of inadequate maintenance. 22. The Ministry of Public Works is responsible for the design, con- struction and maintenance of national roads. Two departments within the Ministry deal with various aspects of road administration. The Department of Roads and Bridges (DPC) executes minor construction works, carries out routine maintenance, and is creating a Mechanical Services Division to main- tain its own equipment fleet. The Department of Planning and Design engineers works carried out by the DPC and administers all construction contracts. The Department of Transport (STB) provides public transportation, and purchases, maintains and repairs Government equipment. 23. The Ministry of Public Works suffers from a shortage of technically trained personnel. The only Burundi engineers dealing with roads are the Directors of the DPC and the Department of Planning and Design. Some tech- nical staff are provided by Belgium, the Federal Republic of Germany, France and FED. In the next five years, only about ten Burundian nationals now studying abroad are expected to join the Ministry. Thus, the DPC would remain dependent for some time on foreign technical staff to strengthen its highway administration. The proposed project includes funds for the train- ing of Burundian personnel, which should help to alleviate the situation. PART IV - THE PROJECT Background 24. A report entitled "Appraisal of a Highway Maintenance Project, Burundi" (No. PTR - 109c) dated January 25, 1974, is being circulated separately. A Credit and Project Summary is provided as Annex III. 25. The project is based on a highway engineering and maintenance study financed by IDA Credit S11-BU ($380,000), carried out in 1970 and up- dated in 1973. As a result of this study, a highway construction and mainte- nance project was appraised in October 1971. This project included, inter alia, the reconstruction to paved standard of the Bujunbura-Mutambara road section and limited improvement of the Mutambara-Nyanza Lac road section. A credit of $8.9 million was negotiated for this project in April 1972, but presentation to the Executive Directors was postponed due to the outbreak of the civil war. In the fall of 1972, following the abatement of violence and in the spring of 1973, missions were sent to determine whether the re- construction and improvement of the Bujumbura-Mutanbara-Nyanza Lac road,  -7- which serves the area where fighting was heaviest, were still economically justified. The missions f9und that there was a decrease in economic activity in the area and that construction of the road to the original standard was not economically justified at this time. IDA, therefore, proposed to the Government to finance only limited improvement of the Bujumbura-Matambara- Nyanza Lac road, and to defer financing of the reconstruction to paved standard of the Bujumbura-Matambara road section until traffic volumes justified it. The Government, however, attaches great importance to a complete reconstruction of the road section immediately and would prefer to seek alternate sources of financing to carry it out rather than postponing the reconstruction until IDA would finance it, and to limit the present IDA project to highway maintenance and preinvestment studies. Accordingly, in December 1973, a revised draft credit agreement was negotiated with the Government. The Project 26. The project consists of the following: a. implementation of a four-year highway maintenance program; b. the provision of consultants' services for (i) preparing a masterplan for road development; (ii) feasibility study and detailed engineering of the Ngozi-Muyinga-Kobero road (106 km) and other roads identified under (i) above; and (iii) updating the consultants' report financed by Credit S11-BU; and c. refinancing of Credit S11-BU. Highway Maintenance Program 27. Some eight to ten years will be required to establish a highway maintenance organization capable of keeping the road network adequately maintained. The four-year program (1974-1977) to be carried out under the present project will be the first phase of the long-term program and will concentrate on providing the required facilities and on training a nucleus of able technicians and skilled laborers on which a strong organization can be built. The project includes: a. the provision of technical assistance to the DPC, including the training of DPC personnel at all levels; b. the purchase of maintenance and workshop equipment, spare parts, fuel and materials; c. the construction of a mechanical workshop and store room at Bujumbura and a small maintenance depot at Gitega.  The Government has agreed that it will, during the first six months of calendar year 1977, consult with the Association on the definition of the second phase of the maintenance program expected to begin in 1978, and oa the financing revuired for its execution. (i) Technical Assistance and Training 28. At present, the DPC technical staff is limited to the Director, a few technicians, and four German-financed experts who are helping organize the new Mechanical Services Division and supervising the ongoing construc- tion of the mechanical workshop. Germany has agreed to extend these services until the end of the project period and, under the project, the German team will assist in establishing and operating the new equipment repair services. The UNDP has agreed to finance six additional experts, to be provided by consultants, who will be assigned to DPC headquarters and to road maintenance operations. They will assist in establishing five small maintenance units which will undertake the maintenance of about 1,400 km of selected roads over the four-year period of the project. 29. In addition to filling various posts at headquarters, the TJNDP consultants' team and the German technical assistance team will train Burundi counterparts as they become available. During the program period, two newly graduated engineers or technicians are expected to join the DPC annually, and they will be absorbed into its organization. The experts will also provide on-the-job training of technical personnel, with the consultants being responsible for training inspectors, foremen and equipment operators, and the German experts, for the training of mechanics. 30. The training needs of the department are, however, much more ex- tensive than can be met by the civil engineers included in the above con- sultantts teams. Meeting these needs will necessitate a comprehensive program in technical education for upgrading unskilled and semi-skilled laborers through classroom and practical training. Existing facilities in Burundi for technical education comprise a technical school in Bujumbura including a School of Public Works, and a training center in Gitega which is supported by Belgian technical assistance. With some adaptation, the present facilities can be utilized to satisfy the training requirements of the maintenance program. The project, therefore, includes the services of a training expert for three months to evaluate the existing training facil- ities and needs, and to develop a curriculum for training maintenance per- sonnel in coordination with the on-the-job trainitg to be provided by DPC headquarters' staff. The project also includes a provisional allowance for the employment of instructors and the purchase of training equiphent. The Government has agreed that, upon receipt of the training expert's recommenda- tions, it will review these with the Association and agree upon the specific allocation of funds for training under the project.  - 9- (ii) Equipment and Materials 31. Under the first phase of the maintenance program, approximately 1,400 km of the most important roads will receive regular maintenance, Of these, the roads in the poorest condition (about 400 km) have been selected for minor betterment works and regravelling. All operations which can be done properly by hand will continue to be carried out by manual labor but efficiency would be increased by providing the maintenance crews with light trucks. In addition, to assure the required quality standard equipment will be provided for works which are most appropriately carried out by machine. For these works five small mechanized units will be established and equipped under the project: three for grading road surfaces, one for regravelling, and one capable of minor earthworks and improvement of drainage facilities. The project also provides for the purchase of spare parts for the new equipment and for some of the existing equipment, as well as for the purchase of fuel and materials required to carry out deferred maintenance and road betterment works. (iii) Buildings 32. Buildings to be constructed under the project include the mechanical workshop at Bujumbura, on which construction has begun, an annex to the work- shop containing a storeroom for spare parts, and a small maintenance depot in Gitega for equipment maintenance and minor repairs. The Federal Republic of Germany is financing construction and equipment of the workshop itself; IDA will finance construction of the workshop annex at Bujumbura and the mainte- nance depot at Gitega, and the renovation and equipment of the School of Public Works in Bujumbura. Preinvestment Studies 33. While the maintenance works to be carried out under the present project will, for the most part, improve the road system adequately to serve present traffic requirements, more substantial works will be required on cer- tain road sections over the next five years if they are to serve the country's needs. The project, therefore, includes the provision of consultants to assist the Government in identifying and preparing future road projects. The consultants will carry out a feasibility study, followed by detailed engineering if justified, of the Ngozi-Muyinga-Kobero road (106 km) which serves a densely populated area where several agricultural programs are underway including an IDA-financed coffee project (Credit 147-BU). Con- sultants will also prepare a masterplan for further road development in Burundi, identifying priorities and proceeding with additional feasibility studies of specific roads after agreement between the Government and the Association. Execution of the Project 34. The DPC in the Ministry of Public Works will be responsible for execution of the project and will be assisted by the experts to be provided by the UNDP and Germany. The consultants' team at headquarters will pre- pare the bidding documents for the mechanical equipment and materials, and  - 10 - will assist in the evaluation of bids. The Government has undertaken to allocate to the DPC, beginning in 1974, a sufficient amount of money to permit it to carry out its highway maintenance program; this is estimated to be about $1 million annually for recurrent costs, of which about $688,000 would be for personnel costs and the balance for fuel, materials and spare parts neeced for normal maintenance operations. Financing Plan 35. The total capital cost of the project is estimated at $8.40 million with a foreign exchange component of about $7.21 nillion. The proposed IDA credit of $5.0 million would cover $4.82 million of the foreign cost and $180,000 of the local cost. The IDA credit would finance equipment as well as spare parts, mterials and fuel needed for tite improvement of the project roads; the construction and equipment of a smal31 mechaniical workshop annex, a storeroom and a small maintenance depot; the renovation and equipment of thie School of Public W4orks in Bujumbura; feasibility studies and detailed engineer- lng of the Ngozi-Muyinga-Kobero road (106 kli) and other preinvestmnent studies to be agreed upon as well as the preparation of a highway masterplan. The amount disbursed and outstanding under Credit S11-BU which financed the feasi- bility and engineering studies and the preparation of the original project, would be refinanced under the new credit. In addition, an amount of about $10,000 for a review by consultants of alternative construction methods for the Bujumbura-Mutambara-Nyanza Lac road carried out in the beginning of 1973, would be retroactively financed. 36. The UNDP would provide $1.05 million to finance six consultants to be seconded to the DPC. The Federal Republic of Germany woulkd grant the equivalent of $1.33 million for the construction of the workshop at Bujumbura and for its management by four Ger-man experts. Belgium woula grant the Government of Burundi an anount of $400,000 to cover part of t1he locaL c ost. The Government of Burundi would contrtibtte :620,000 for .lhe balInc.e of local cost, including $200,000 for duties an-l taxes and $490.CO00 for cowiterpart personnel, logistical assistance and otrerials. DisDursement and Procurement 37. The credit would be disbursed over a period 0f ~iixe years against 100% of foreign expenditures for conlsultants' serv:ies, eu:p- t . and spare parts; and 87% of total expenditures for the construction of buildings antio for fuel and materials. The outstanR ing bziaa ce ao ered r S- TUa -:ab out $380,000, including exchange adjustments) would r,e refinane:ei under the credit. 38. Contracts for materials atnd eqaipmen- financed b-; tche 1DAi credit which are expected to cost more than S090Q, w;u,ld i-c awarded under inter- national competitive bidding in accordance Wit-h1- IDA Gui delinEs. Contracts expected to cost less thar $10,000 would be ad%xe-tised lo-al>v S-uppliers otf mechanical equipment would be required to proiAde satisfactory after- sa'les and spare parts service.  Economic Benefits 39. The investments in the road maintenance program would prevent further deterioration, and improve the condition of the road network, thereby reducing vehicle operating costs. The program is expected to yield a return of about 13% and would also improve the efficiency of the DPC. PART V - LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AND AUTHORITY 40. The draft Development Credit Agreement between the Republic of Burundi and the Association, the Recommendation of the Committee pro- vrided for in Article V, Section 1 (d) of the Articles of Agreement of the Association, and the text of a Resolution approving the proposed Develop- ment Credit are being distributed to the Executive Directors separately. 41. The draft Development Credit Agreement reflects the normal pattern for credits for highway maintenance projects. 42. I am satisfied that the proposed development credit would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Association. PART VI - RECOMMENDATION 43. In formulating this proposal it has not been possible to take full account of the consequences of recent increases in petroleum prices. However, available information indicates that the proposed credit remains fully justified. 44. I recommend that the Executive Directors approve the proposed credit. Robert S. McNamara President Attachments Washington, D. C. January 31, 1974   AIN EX 1 Page 1 of 2 pages COUNTRY DATA - BURUNDI AREA 2 POPULATION DENSITY 2 27,820 km 3.4 million (mid-1971 ) 136 per kmn of land area Rate of Growth: 2.1% (from 1 965to 1971 ) 251 per km2 of arable land POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS ( 1979 HEALTH (1M71) Crude Birth Rate (per 1,000) 41 Population per physician 140,740 Crude Death Rate (per 1,000) 20 Population per hospital bed 800 Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) 138 INCOME DISTRIBUTION (year) DISTRIBUTION OF LAND OWNERSHIP (year) 7, of national income, highest quintile %.. % owned by top 10% of owners lowest quintile .. % owned by smallest 10% of owners ACCESS TO PIPED WATER (year) ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY (year) 7, of population - urban %.. % of population - urban - rural ..-- rural NUTRITION (1 971) EDUCATION (1972-73) Calorie intake as % of requirements 88.0 Adult literacy rate a Per capita protein intake 68 grams Primary school enrollment % 20.0 1/ GNP PER CAPITA in 1971 US $61 GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT IN 1970 ANNUAL RATE OF GROWTH (%, constant prices) US $ Mln. % 1960-65 1965-70 1971 GNP at Market Prices 214.42 100.0 Gross Domestic Investment 15.75 7.3 Gross National Saving 20.11 9.4 Current Account Balance 4.36 2.0 ., Exports of Goods, NFS 31 .99 14.9 Imports of Goods, NFS 33.28 15.5 OUTPUT, LABOR FORCE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN 197 0 2/ Value Added Labor Force- V. A. Per Worker US Mln. % I00 ) % US $ % Agriculture 127.0 63.8 1 715 97.5 74.0 65.5 Industry 21 .1 10.6 11 0.6 1957.7 1730.7 Services 51.0 25.6 34 1.9 1508.0 1333.2 Unallocated Total/Average 199.1 100.0 1760 100.0 113.1 100.0 GOVERNMENT FINANCE General Government Central Government ( Mln.) % of GDP (Bu F. Mln.) % of GDP 197 197 196 -7 1972 197 196 -7 Current Receipts .. .. .. 2585 Current Expenditure .. .. .. 2553 Current Surplus .. .. .. 32 Capital Expenditures L .. .. .. 83 External Assistance (net) A .. .. .. -47 1/ The Per Capita GNP estimate is at 1970 market prices, calculated by the same conversion technique as the 1972 World Atlas. All other conversions to dollars in this table are at the average exchange rate prevailing during the period covered. 2/ Total labor force; unemployed are allocated to subsistence agriculture. / Excludes projects financed by external assistance for which no government capital expenditure is required. 4 Includes only external aid psassing through government budget. not available not applicable  ANNEX 1 Page 2 of 2 pages COUNTRY DATA - BURUTI)I MONEY, CREDIT and PRICES 1965 1970 1971 1972 Juer 1972 1973 (M,Il ioe F l`1 IotstaodiTAg enid period) Monee and Quasi Money 1 ,371 2,204 2.609 2,537 2,680 2,935 bank Credit to Public Sector 436 86 S3 7546 821 8 91 727 Baaik Credit to Private Sector 368 929 1 ,1 75 1 ,202 1 ,041 1 ,400 (Perccentages or Index Numbers) Mloney and Quasi Money as 7 of GDP .. 1.. General Price Indiex (April 1 ,1 965 1 o0) 1094. 11 3.1 124.[0 1 26.5 127.54 Annual percentage changes in: Genieral Price Index 3.0 -0.3 4.1 3-5 3.6 Bank credit to Public Sector 9.6 -9.2 -i3.6 10.1 26.5L -18.4 Bank credit to Private Sector 5.4 $5.1 26.4 2.4 20=3 35.5 BALANCE OF PAYMEFIN'TS MfERCHANDISE EXPORTS (AVERAGE 1970-72) 1270 1971 197 2 US $Mln % (Millions US $) Ceffee 19.12 82.5 Cotton 1 .72 7.4 Exports of Goods, NFS 31.99 26.87 25.37 Tea 0.21 0.9 Imllpart S of Goods, NFS 33.28 31 .51 33.35 Minerals 0.27 1 .2 Resource Gap (deficit = -) -T1f ThtS4 <32 Skins anxd hides 0.56 2.5 Interest Pavsents (net) -0.52 -1 .57 -_ .72 All other cosnemodities 1 .29 5 .6 Workers' Remittances -2 .31 -2.32 -2.75 Total 23.18 100-0 Otlher Factor Payments (net) - - - Net Transfers 8.48 10.40 10o.6 EXTERNAL DEBT, DECEMBER 31, 1972 Balance on Current Account 477. 1 .97 71.10 US $ Mln DirecL Foreigni Investment - - - Nuit MLT Borrowing Public Debt, incl. guaranteed 6.9 Disbursements 1 .38 0.50 0.50 Non-Guaranteed Private Debt PLiartization o0.