Malaysia - Kota Kinabalu Composting Project : environmental assessment : Environmental impact assessment : Kota Kinabalu sorting and composting plant at Telipok, Sabah

I I l ? l l i ~ l l l 1 l i ~ l l ~ il '1t l l l ~ l l l l , l l l ~ . ! \ . 5 r i 1 1 I j t ~ d ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT L KOTA KINABALU SORTING AND COMPOSTINGPLANT, TELIPOK, STATE OF SABAH Prepared on behalf of: MS Smart (M) Sdn Bhd for The World Bank, Washington D.C. 12MAY 2008 GSR ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCYSDN. BHD. 1-1-rn No.18,2" Floor, JalapSSI5/4B,47500 SubangJaya, MALAYSIA Tel:60 3 56216707Fax :60 3 56216706  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sahah ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT KOTA KINABALU SORTING AND COMPOSTING PLANT AT TELIPOK, SABAH TABLE OF COBTENTS Page TABLE OFCONTENTS i LIST OF TABLES iv LISTOF FIGURES v LIST OF PLATES vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES- 1 RE - 1 SECTION 1: PROJECT DESCWTION INTRODUCTION STATEMENTOF NEED PROJECTLOCATION PROJECTPROPONENT SUPPLIER OF SORTING& COMPOSTINGTECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTION FACILITY E1A STUDY OBJECTIVES SECTION2: LEGAL AND INSFI'I'Ul'IONAL FRAML3WOR.K LEGAL FRAMEWORK INMALAYSIA LEGALFRAMEWORK IN THESTATE OF SABAH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTFOR DOE ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE REQUZREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT REQUIREMENTS OF THE WQRLD BANK - INS'I?TUTIONALFRAMEWORK Table of Contents Page i GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CoinpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah SECTION 3: PROJECT SITE 3 - 1 INTRODUCTION PROJECT LOCATION GENERAL LANDUSE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES TOPOGRAPHY AND LANDFORM INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES LEACHATE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ODOUR EMISSION DUST GENERATION NOISE EMISSION BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES FISHERIES ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SECTION 4: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE 4 - 1 SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTES RECEIVED 4 - 1 WASTE COLLECTION, TRANSFER, AND TRANSPORTATION 4 - 6 SECTION 5: DESCRIPTION OF PLANT OPERATIONS 5 - 1 INTRODUCTION SORTING FACILITY (Existing) COMPOSTING FACILITY (Proposed) PROCESS MASS BALANCE SECTION 6: PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 6 - 1 EVALUATION OF MSW MANAGEMENT OPTIONS 6 - 1 EVALUATION OF MSW SORTING OPTIONS 6 - 3 EVALUATION OF MSW COMPOSTING OPTIONS 6 - 3 SORTING AND COMPOSTING FACILITY SITING CONSIDERATIONS 6 - 4 SORTING AND COMPOSTING FACILITY LAYOUT OPTIONS 6 - 5 Table of Contents Page ii GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION 7: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES INTRODUCTION 7 - 1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DUEUNG CONSTRUCTION PHASE 7- 1 ENVIRONMENTAL DISCHARGES DURING THE OPERATION PHASE 7 - 7 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DUFUNG THE OPERATIONAL PHASE 7 - 9 SECTION 8: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN ENVIROhlMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN TRAINING PROGRAMME EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN (ERP) PROJECT ABANDONMENT PLAN SECTION 9: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL APPROACH CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY STAKEHOLDERS GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM MANAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION Table of Contents Page iii GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2.]:Parameter Limits of Effluent Standard A and B Table 2.2: Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines Table 2.3: Malaysian System of River Classification Table 2.4: Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia Table 2.5: Schedule 1 Maximum Permissible Sound Level (Leq) by Receiving Land Use for Planning and New Development Table 2.6: Benchmark for Groundwater in Malaysia (Revised December 2000) Table 3.1: Results of Sampling and Analysis of Raw and Treated Landfill Leachate Table 3.2: Water Quality of Unnamed Leachate-Receiving Stream & Sungai Salut Table 3.3: Results of Groundwater Monitoring by DBKK in December 1997 Table 3.4: Measured Noise Levels at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Table 4.1: MSW Collected by the Various Local Councils Table 4.2: Population and Area of the 4 Districts Table 4.3: Composition of MSW Received at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Table 4.4: Recyclables Recovered at the Sorting Plant for the April 2007-April 2008 Period Table 4.5:Quantity of Tires Received at Site Table 4.6: Average MSW received at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill per day Table 5.1:Minimum Compost Quality for General Use Table 5.2: Mass Balance of the Sorting Facility Table 5.3:Mass Balance of the Sorting and Composting Plant Table 8.1:Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates Table 8.2:Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates Table 8.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Construction Phase Table 8.4: Environmental Monitoring Plan for Operation Phase Table of Contents Page iv GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure I. I Organization Chart Figure 1.2 Project Implementation Schedule Figure 3.la Location Map Figure 3.1b Key Map Figure 3.2 Landfill and the Project Site Figure 3.3 Layout of the Landfill Area in Kayu Mandang Figure 3.4 Machinery Layout in the Existing Sorting Facility Figure 3.5 Layout of the Proposed Composting Facility Figure 3 . 6 ~ Landuse Map Figure 3.66 Landuse Map of Landfill Area Figure 3.7 Planned Future Landuse Plan Figure 3.8 Geological Map Figure3.9~ Average Rainfall (mrn.) Figure 3.9b Average Sunshine Hours Figure 3 . 9 ~ Avg. Temperature ("C) Figure 3.9d Avg. Relative Humidity (%) Figure 3.9e Maximum Surface Wind ( d s ) Figure 3.10 Leachate And Stream Water Quality MonitoringLocations Figure 3.11 Ambient Air & Noise Monitoring Locations Figure 4.1 District Map Figure 5.1 Flowchart of the Sorting Facility Figure 5.14 Plan View of the Sorting Facility Figure 5.15 Elevation View of the Sorting Facility Figure 5.16: Overall Sorting Facility Layout with Drainage system Figure 5.17: Overall Layout of the Composting Facility Figure 5.22: Elevation of the Composting Facility Figure 5.23: Mass Balance for the Sorting Plant at 220 tonslday Figure 5.24. Mass Balance for the Sorting and CompostingPlant at Full Capacity Figure 8.1: Organizational structure of the Sorting and Composting plant Table of Contents Page v GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah LIST OF PLATES Plate 5.2 MSW from residential areas received at the Reception area of the Sorting Facility Plate 5.3 Loading MSW using Bobcats Plate 5.4 Carboard boxes before the component from the Bag Breaker Plate 5.5 View of the Bag Breaker and the Trommel Plate 5.6 View inside the Trornmel Screen Plate 5.7 & 5.8 View of the 3 Sorting lines Plate 5.9 Organic component (Fines) from the first trommel screen Plate 5.10 Plastic Bottles Plate 5.11 Aluminium cans Plate 5.12 Transparent Plastic bags Plate 5.13 Mixed Plastic bags Plate 5.18 View of a Cornposting Facility Plate 5.19 & 5.20 Compost Turning machine Plate 5.21 Final separation ANNEXES Annex 1: EIA Consultant Team Members Annex 2: References Annex 3: Laboratory Certificates of Analysis Annex 4: Press advertisement for Stakeholders meeting Annex 5: Stakeholder meeting - List of Attendees Annex 6: List of Invited Persons/Organisation for Stakeholders meeting Table of Contents Page vi GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan di Telipok, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Ringkasan Eksekutif Laporan Kajian Penilaian Kesan-kesan terhadap Alam Sekitar ini adalah untuk pembinaan dan operasi sebuah kilang pengasingan dan pengkomposan yang mempunyai kapasiti beroperasi sebanyak 500 ton sehari sampah munisipal dari Daerah Kota Kinabalu dan tiga daerah lain yang berhampiran. Kilang pengkomposan ini akan berupaya merawat sampah organik yang terkandung didalam sampah munisipal dan seterusnya mengurangkan jurnlah sampah yang terpaksa dilupuskan ditapak pelupusan sampah Kayu Madang. Dengan mengurangkan jumlah sampah yang terpaksa dilupuskan di tapak pelupusan, tempoh hayat tapak tersebut dapat di panjangkan lagi. Proses pengasingan ('sorting') yang sedia ada, akan mengasingkan bahan-bahan yang dapat dikitar semula seperti botol, tin, plastik dan bahan berlogam. Hanya bahan yang tidak boleh dikitar semula akan akhirnya dilupuskan di tapak pelupusan sampah Kayu Madang ini. Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan ini berlokasi di tapak pelupusan sampah Kayu Madang. Luas kawasan tapak pelupusan sampah ini adalah sebanyak 65 hektar dan terletak di kawasan Kayu Madang di Telipok yang jauhnya hampir 30km ke arah timurlaut dari Bandar Kota Kinabalu di Negeri Sabah. Laluan masuk ke kawasan Projek ini yang terletak dekat dengan Bandar Telipok dan adalah melalui Jalan Tuaran atau Jalan Politenik. Tapak projek ini adalah dibawah bidangkuasa pengurusan Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu (DBKK). DBKK juga adalah pihak yang bertanggungjawab mengoperasi dan menguruskan tapak pelupusan sampah di Kayu Madang. Pemaju Projek ini iaitu MS Smart Recycling (M) Sdn. Bhd. (MSS), telah menyewa sebanyak 18 ekar tanah daripada DBKK untuk membina dan mengoperasi Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan ini. Hampir 3.2 ekar digunakan untuk a l a n g Pengasingan dan Bangunan Pentadbiran manakala yang bakinya akan digunakan untuk Kilang Pengkomposan. MSS telah memberikan Kontrak kepada Engineering Tasks Group (ENTAG), sebuah syarikat dari Negara Egypt untuk merekabentuk dan membina Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan ini. Syarikat ENTAG ini telah ditubuhkan pada tahun 1992 dan mempunyai pengkhususan didalam merekabentuk dan membekalkan sistem untuk rawatan sisa pepejal. Ringkasan Eksekutif R E - I GSR EnvironmentalConsultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Glang Pengasingan yang sedia ada telah disiap dibina pada bulan May 2006 untuk mengasingkan dan menjual bahan-bahan yang boleh dikitar semula, dari sampah munisipal yang masuk ke kawasan tapak pelupusan Kayu Madang. Kilang Pengkomposan yang dicadangkan ini akan menjadi Kilang Pengkomposan komersial untuk sampah munisipal yang pertama di Malaysia. Kilang Pengkomposan ini dijangka akan mula beroperasi di penggal pertama tahun 2009. MSS adalah anak syarikat SPM Holding Bhd yang merupakan syarikat mengitar semula yang terbesar di Malaysia. Bahan-bahan yang diasingkan untuk pengitaran semula akan dijual kepada anak-anak syarikat lain dibawah SPM Holding Bhd untuk pemprosesan seterusnya atau untuk pemasaran kepada pihak lain. Tapak pelupusan sampah Kayu Madang ini berada dikawasan tanah rendah dan terdapat bukit-bukit rendah disekeliling sempadan kawasan. Tanah tapak ini berada dalam arah baratlaut-tenggara dan mempunyai ketinggian hampir kosong meter (0 m). Kawasan Projek ini terletak berhampiran dengan kawasan pantai barat dan mempunyai sifat geologi formasi 'Late Eocene to Early Miocene Crocker' yang komposisinya adalah batu sedimentari mendapan didalam sekitaran marin yang hampir 23 hingga 50 juta tahun dahulu. Batuan ini telah mengalami beberapa siri lipatan (folding), tonjolan (thrusting) dan retakan memanjang (normal faulting) semasa waktu 'Late Oligocene to Late Miocene'. Keadaan cuaca yang dialami oleh bahagian pantai barat Negeri Sabah adalah jenis iklim pantai khatulistiwa dengan suhu dan kelembapan udara yang sekata. Perbezaan cuaca adalah berdasarkan dua musim tengkujuhfmonsun iaitu monsun baratdaya yang berlaku diantara bulan May hingga September dan monsun timurlaut yang berlaku diantara bulan November hingga Mac. Gunatanah disekitar kawasan Projek adalah kebanyakannya kawasan pelupusan sampah, ladang getah, kampung-kampung kecil, ladang ayam yang terbengkalai, ladang babi, Taman Perindustrian Kota Kinabalu dan hutan sekunder. Kepadatan penduduk di sekitar kawasan Projek adalah rendah dan kebanyakkan penduduknya adalah dari kampung-kampung sekitaran. Empat kampung terdekat adalah Kampung Lubang (0.5 km), Kampung Lapasan (lkm), Kampung Peniang (1.5 km)dan Karnpung Salut (1.5 km). Selain dari kampung-kampung ini, pihak DBKK telah menyediakan tempat tinggal untuk pekerja-pekerja tapak pelupusan dan keluarga mereka. Tempat tinggal pekerja-pekerja ini terdiri daripada tiga blok bangunan dengan jurnlah rumah sebanyak 18 unit. Rumah-rumah ini dibekakan dengan bekalan air paip dan setiap unit rumah mempunyai kemudahan tandas dan bilik mandi. Air kumbahan dari tandas-tandas rumah disalurkan ke tangki septik yang kemudiannya mengalir masuk kedalam sebuah sungai yang tidak temama. Tempat tinggal pekerja ini terlekat hampir 100 meter dari klang Pengkomposan yang dicadangkan ini. Ringkasan Eksekutif R E - 2 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Jadual yang berikutnya menerangkan kesan-kesan alam sekitar yang berkemungkinan berlaku semasa fasa pembinaan dan operasi Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan ini. Kesan Alam Sekitar Semasa Kesan AIam Sekitar Semasa Operasi Perkara Pembinaan Kilang Kualiti udara Habuk dari aktiviti pembinaan. Penghasilan habuk dari longgokkan sarnpah dan penghasilan Kesan terhadap kualiti udara yang clan pergerakkan kenderaan boleh bau berkaitan dengan pergerakkan menghasilkan kesan terhadap kualiti udara kenderaan. sekitar kawasan projek. Pengurusan dan operasi kilang yang kurang memuaskan boleh menghasilkan kesan bau. Sumber Air Pengurusan dan kawalan perparitan Pelepasan sisa air dari operasi kilang. di tapak kawasan. Pelepasan Operasi sistem perparitan di kawasan tapak. kumbahan dan sisa. Pelepasan air larian. Bunyi Kesan bunyi dari aktiviti Buny~bising dari Operas]Pengasingan dan pembinaan dan pergerakkan Pengkomposan kepada penduduk sekitaran. kenderaan. Tanah Pencemaran tanah. Pencemaran oleh leachate boleh Kesan kepada air bawah tanah. menimbulkan kesan kepada air bawah tanah. Pergerakkan Kesan pergerakkan kenderaan Kesan terhadap pengguna jalanraya yang lain kenderaan terhadap penggunajalanraya yang akibat pergerakkan kenderaan. Kesan lain. terhadap kualiti udara dan bunyi dari Kualiti udara dan bunyi berkaitan pergerakkan kenderaan. dengan pergerakkan kenderaan. Keselamatan Kemalangan. Kesan terhadap Kemalangan. Kesan terhadap kesihatan dan kesihatan kesihatan pekerja. Keselamatan di pekerja. Keselamatan di tempat kerja. pekerja. tempat kerja. Pengunaan pekerja asing. Analisis alternatif dibincangkan dengan terperinci didalam Bab 6 dan membincangkan pilihan-pilihan berikut: Menilai pilihan-pilihan Pengurusan Sampah Munisipal Menilai pilihan-pilihan Pengasingan Sampah Munisipal Menilai pilihan-pilihan Pengkomposan Sampah Munisipal Pertimbangan mengenai lokasi Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan Pemilihan pelan susunatur Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan Berikut adalah kesimpulannya; Peningkatan tempoh hayat tapak pelupusan Kayu Madang dan potensinya untuk mengurangkan secara berkesan pelepasan Gas Rurnah Hijau dan penghasilan leachate di tapak pelupusan; Ringkasan Eksekutif R E - 3 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Sumbangan terhadap pembangunan bertahan ('sustainable development ) dari7 segi pemerolehan kembali dan pemasaran produk yang boleh dikitar semula (kompos dan plastik, kertas dan bahan berlogam dan tidak berlogam); Memberikan peluang pekerjaan kepada penduduk tempatan; Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan yang berlokasi di tapak pelupusan Kayu Madang ini dijangka tidak akan menimbulkan kesan negatif yang melebihi keadaan semasa dan akan mengekalkan kos pengangkutan sedia ada yang ditanggung oleh DBKK; Proses pengkomposan secara 'aerobic windrow dipilih oleh Pemaju Projek sebab 7 teknologi ini adalah yang paling murah dan mudah untuk didirikan dan untuk mengoperasikannya . Teknologi ini juga adalah yang paling sesuai untuk keadaan cuaca di Negara Malaysia dan mudah dipelajari. Pelan Alam Sekitar dan Sosial telah dimasukkan didalam Audit Alam Sekitar untuk dijadikan sebahagian daripada organisasi pengumsan alam sekitar MSS, langkah tebatan dan pelam pengawasan semasa fasa pembinaan dan operasi, program latihan untuk pekerja, pelan kecemasan (ERP) dan pelan penutupan projek. Langkah-langkah tebatan berikut dicadangkan untuk mengurangkan kesan alam sekitar yang telah disenaraikan di dalam jadual di atas kepada tahap yang minima. Langkah-langkah tebatan dan Pengurusan Alam Sekitar dan Pelan Pembangunan Sosial yang lebih terperinci dibincangkan didalam Bab 7 dan 8. Langkah Tebatan semasa Fasa Pembinaan Pelepasan Pencemaran Udara Jarak penampan sebanyak 61 m hendaklah diadakan diantara Kilang Pengkomposan dengan perurnahan terdekat kuarters DBKK sebagai langkah tebatan untuk kesan bau, bio-aerosol dan pelepasan habuk. Penghadang semulajadi dari segi turnbuhan dan pokok yang tinggi akan ditanam atau penghadang buatan akan ditegakkan disempadan kilang pengasingan dan pengkomposan itu. Tapak projek mesti di basahkan selalu untuk mengurangkan penyebaran habuk halus terutamanya di didalam dan disekitar kawasan kerja tanah dan pembinaan. Sampah munisipal yang masuk ke kawasan projek tidak boleh dibiarkan untuk berkumpul dan mesti di process dengan secepat mungkin untuk mengurangkan kesan bau akibat dari pereputan sampah. Keadaan penjagaan kebersihan dalaman ('housekeeping') yang baik mesti di amalkan di Kilang Pengasingan. Kawasan longgokkan sampah ('stockpile) pembinaan yang mudah rapuwhancur mesti di lindungi untuk mengurangkan habuk berterbangan. Mesin-mesin mesti diselenggarakan dengan baik untuk mengurangkan kesan bunyi dan pencemaran udara dari pelepasan eksos. Lori-lori pengangkut mesti ditutup dengan kain kanvas apabila menghantar bahan-bahan pembinaan yang mudah rapuh. Ringkasan Eksekutif RE 4- GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Jarak penampan sebanyak 61 m akan di adakan dan penghadang bunyi mesti di bina dekat kawasan penempatan pekerja-pekerja tapak pelupusan ('DBKK staff quarters'). Aktiviti yang menghasilkan bunyi bising yang h a t dan pergerakkan kenderaan berat mesti dihadkan di waktu malam. Kelajuan pergerakkan kenderaan mesti di hadkan dan dikuatkuasakan. Pergerakkan kenderaan mesti dikawal supaya hanya menggunakan jalan laluan yang dibenarkan. Pekerja pembinaan mesti menggunakan alat perlindungan pendengaran. Engin diesel dan mesin pembinaan yang menghasilkan bunyi yang h a t mesti dipasang dengan alat pengurangan bunyi bising ('silencer'). Sumber Air Pelan perparitan tapak mesti diadakan untuk mengurangkan kelajuan lairan air dan muatan kelodak. Pelan perparitan sementara disekitar tapak klang Pengkomposan mesti menggabungkan kolam perangkap kelodak didalam sistem perparitan tersebut dilokasi yang sesuai untuk memendapkan kelodakan dan menghalang air yang tercemar dari dilepaskan kedalam saluran perparitan sekitaran. Kemudahan pencucian roda akan diadakan untuk memastikan tiada saki baki tanah, pasir dan kotoran dilepaskan keatas jalanraya awam. Tanih dan kelodakan didalam air cucian ini mesti dimendapkan dan dibuang sebelum airnya dilepaskan kedalam sistem perparitan. Kemudahan tandas sementara akan diadakan dan air kumbahan tersebut akan dirawat di tapak sebelum dilepaskan. Larian air permukaan akan dikawal untuk mengurangkan kerosakkan kepada Kilang Pengkomposan. Perparitan untuk larian permukaan akan dialirkan sedemikian rupa supaya berjauhan dari aktiviti penggalian, penambakkan tanah dan aktiviti pembinaan dan air larian tersebut akan dialirkan ke sistem perparitan sewajarnya. Pembinaan sistem perparitan yang berasingan untuk pengumpulan air hujan dan air cucian dari Kilang Pengasingan. Kawalan longgokkan tanah sementara dari hakisan dengan mengadakan ketinggian cerun yang rendah dimana boleh, penutupan dengan plastik dan mengadakan perangkap kelodakan. Merancang dan menjalankan aktiviti pembinaan dengan kaedah yang boleh mengawal larian air permukaan dari kawasan pemotongan dan penambatan tanah dan mengawal hakisan dan kelodakan. Pengurusan tapak yang sempurna untuk mengurangkan larian air permukaan, hakisan dan kesan dari air kumbahan. Penyelengaraan yang sempurna terhadap sistem perparitan untuk mengelakkan limpahan. Kawasan kritikal di dalam tapak projek mestilah di tandakan dengan sempurna dan langkah kawalan untuk larian air dari kawasan tapak mesti diadakan. Saluran sementara akan di adakan untuk membolehkan lepasan air larian ditujukan kedalam alur air yang sesuai menerusi kolam takungan kelodakan. Ringkasan Eksekutzy R E - 5 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Semua sistem perparitan sementara dan perangkap kelodakan mestilah diselenggarakan dengan sempurna sepenuh masa disepanjang tempoh Fasa Pembinaan projek ini untuk memastikan ia berfungsi dengan baik sepenuh masa. 'Rough grade site' untuk mengelakkan takungan air dan untuk mengelakkan air permukaan dari kawasan pemotongan tanah. Semua aktiviti pemotongan tanah mestilah bebas dari air sepenuh masa sehingga tamatnya pembinaan dan penambatan semula tanah dikawasan pemotongan. Kilang Pengkomposan ini akan direkabentuk untuk melindungi tanah, air bawah tanah dan air permukaan dari pencemaran. Sistem perparitan yang berasingan akan dibina untuk menyalurkan air larian di Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan. Pencemaran Tanah Tanah penggalian yang lebihan akan di simpan sementara di kawasan yang ditetapkan di tapak kilang pengkomposan atau akan di hantar ke tapak pelupusan. Kawasan simpanan sementara ini akan di cuci dan diperbaiki setelah siap kerja pembinaan. Tanah yang tercemar akan di korek dan digantikan dengan tanah yang sesuai dan di mampatkan. Tanah yang tersemar dan bahan buangan terjadual akan dihantar ke tapak diluar yang berlesen untuk diperoleh kembali. Penghalang minyak dan pepejal terampai akan di adakan untuk mengelakkan pencemaran tanah. Buangan berminyak dari jentera berat mestilah di kendalikan dan disimpan dengan sempurna agar tiada pembocoran. Kawasan simpanan buangan akan diselenggarakan dengan baik dan dibersihkan selalu. Hanya pemungut sarnpah yang berlesen akan dibernakan menungut kategori sampah yang tertentu. Langkah yang sesuai akan diadakan untuk mengurangkan sarnpah yang tiup angin dan habuk semasa pengangkutan dengan menutup lori pengangkut. Pemungutan sampah lebihan akan dijalankan dengan kerap dan dilupuskan di tapak pelupusan sampah. Rekod kuantiti buangan yang dihasikan, dikitar semula dan di buang akan di simpan. Pen~angkutandun Lalulintas Langkah akan diambil untuk menentukan kebersihan kenderaan pembinaan yang memasuki dan meninggalkan tapak projek untuk mengelakkan pencemaran ke sekitaran dan jalan awarn. Kawasan pencucian tayar yang dibekalkan dengan jet air berkuasa tinggi akan diadakan di kawasan masuk ke tapak. Kawasan projek akan dibasahkan selalu untuk mengurangkan habuk terutama dikawasan penggalian tanah dan pembinaan. Tumpahan bahan penggalian dan pembinaan keatas jalanraya semasa penghantaran akan dielakkan dengan menutup lori dengan kain kanvas. Kelajuan kenderaan akan dihadkan kepada 35 km/j dijalan-jalan yang tidak terturap. Peraturan-peraturan masuk ke tapak IGlang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan akan dikenakan. Ringkasan Eksekutif R E - 6 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Merninimakan ketinggian menjatuhakan bahan penghantaran seperti pemunggahan bahan yang mudah hancur. Keselamatan dun Kesihatan Pekerja Kestabilan kecerunan menegak dekat kuarters pekerja DBKK akan dikaji. Sekiranya perlu cerun tersebut perlu distabilkan untuk mengelakkan keruntuhan tanah. Rekabentuk dan pembinaan Kilang Pengkomposan terutamanya dikawasan yang rendah mestilah memastikan terdapat perparitan yang sesuai dan kestabilan tanah untuk menampung kenderaan berat seperti 'windrow turner' yang akan digunakan semasa operasi pengkomposan. Kawasan disekitar kecerunan atas ('top slope') hendaklah dipagarkan untuk mengelakkan kanak-kanak daripada terjatuh. Kesan bunyi dan habuk adalah perkara utama yang akan memberikan kesan kepada pekerja. Pekerja yang terdedah kepada ini akan dilengkapkan dengan penutup hidung ('dust mask'). Pekerja yang bekerja dekat dengan sumber yang menghasilkan bunyi bising yang tinggi akan dibekalkan dengan alat perlindungan telinga yang sesuai. Langkah Tebatan semasa Fasa Operasi Pelevasan Udaradan Bau Pengawasan yang kerap terhadap parameter operasi longgokkan sampah untuk memastikan proses pengkomposan sentiasa berada dalam keadaan aerobic. Menentukan terdapatnya kelembapan yang sempurna pada longgokkan sampah terutamanya semasa proses pemusingan untuk 'windrows' untuk mengawal pelepasan udara dari segi 'bio-aerosols'. Kawasan penampan sebanyak 61 m diantara sempadan Kilang Pengkomposan dan kuarters DBKK dijangka akan dapat menebat kesan bau, bio-aerosol dan habuk terhadap penghuni kuarters DBKK. Penghadang semulajadi jenis tumbuhan tebal dan tinggi atau penghadang buatan mestilah di adakan dibahagian yang menghadap KiIang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan. Tujuan ini adalah untuk mengurangkan kesan bau dan habuk kepada penduduk di kuarters pekerja DBKK. Pencucian lori-lori dan roda pengangkut sampah dan pembasahan yang kerap atas jalan- jalan yang berhabuk disekitar kawasan tapak pelupusan. Sampah ymg memasuki kawasan pengkomposan mestiiah tidak dibenarkan berlonggok dan mesti diprosess secepat mungkin untuk mengurangkan menghasilan bau. Ringkasan Eksekutif RE- 7 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah Bunyi Bisinz a Kawasan penampan sebanyak 61 m diantara sempadan hlang Pengkomposan dan kuarters DBKK dijangka akan dapat menebat kesan bunyi terhadap penghuni kuarters DBKK. Penghadang semulajadi jenis tumbuhan tebal dan tinggi atau penghadang buatan mestilah di adakan dibahagian yang menghadap Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan. Tujuan ini adalah untuk mengurangkan kesan bunyi kepada penduduk di kuarters pekerja DBKK. a Kompressor udara dan jenerator mestilah dilengkapkan dengan alat 'silencer'. Alat bermesin yang berlokasi di luar mestilah direkabentuk untuk bunyi bising tidak melebihi 85dB(A) dijarak 1 meter. Pekerja yang berkerja dekat dengan sumber yang menghasilkan bunyi bising yang tinggi akan dibekalkan dengan alat perlindungan telinga yang sesuai. a Pengkomposan diatas lantai bersimen akan melindungi air bawah tanah dan air permukaan dari tercemar. Sistem perparitan yang didedikasikan untuk mengumpul dan menyalurkan leachate dan air cucian kedalam kolam takungan atau 'sump' mesti dibina. Air kumbahan yang dikumpul it akan disemburkan kembali keatas longgokkan sampah dan ini mestilah satu sistem tertutup ('closed loop system'). Air kumbahan mestilah di salurkan untuk digunakan semula untuk proses pengkomposan atau di salurkan ke sistem rawatan leachate sediaada di tapak pelupusan untuk rawatan sebelum dilepaskan ke dalam alurair. Sumber Air a Kilang Pengkomposan akan direka bentuk untuk melindungi tanah, air bawah tanah dan air permukaan dari tercemar. Sistem perparitan yang berasingan akan digunakan uuntuk menyalurkan air larian di Kilan Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan. a Sistem perparitan untuk Kilang Pengkomposan akan digunakan untuk mengumpul dan menyalurkan leachate dan air kumbahan dari cucian lantai ke sebuah kolam takungan atau sump. Air yang dikumpukan ini akan disemburkan kembali keats longgokan sampah menggunakan sistem tertutup. Sistem parit untuk Kilang Pengasingan akan disediakan untuk mengurnpul air cucian dan leachate dari kawasan penerimaan sampah ('Waste Reception Area'). Larian permukaan mestilah dielakkan dengan menggunakan geotekstil yang terap udara untuk menutup longgokkan sampah; Pencemaran Tanah a Pengkomposan diatas lantai yang sesuai akan dapat melindungi tanah daripada tercemar. a Sistem perparitan yang berasingan untuk air larian permukaan dan leachate dari 'windrow' akan digunakan. Leachate yang dikumpul akan disemburkan kembali keatas longgokkan sampah dengan kerap untuk mengurangkan kemungkinan limpahan dan pencemaran tanah. Ringkasan Eksekutif R E -8 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cowposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Semua lori pengangkut yang keluar dari kawasan tapak projek akan dicuci di kawasan pencucian lori DBKKyang sediaada. Perkara ini mestilah dipatuhi dan diawasi oleh penyelia tapak. Larian permukaan mestilah dielakkan dengan menggunakan geotekstil yang terap udara untuk melindungi 'windrows'. Kawalan Haiwan/Serannna Pel-osak Pengumsan dan penyelengaraan yang kerap mestilah di jalankan. Sampah municipal yang masuk mestilah diprosess dalam jangkamasa 4-6 jam dari waktu sampah tersebut masuk ke kawasan penerimaan untuk mengelakkan haiwadserangga perosak. Pergerakkan dan penstoran sampah yang masuk dan bahan proses mestilah diuruskan dengan sempuma untuk mengelakkan sampah dari bertaburan. Program kawalan perosak yang sistematik akan dapat memperbaiki keadaan kesihatan ditapak projek. Langkah kawalan haiwantserangga perosak akan dilaksanakan dan pihak berkuasa kesihatan akan di mjuk berkenaan dengan risiko kesihatan akibat dari anjing- anjing di tapak projek. Tayar-tayar buruk yang terdapat ditstpak akan dilupuskan denagan cara yang betul untuk mengelakkan pembiakkan vector. Keselarnatan dan Kesihatan Pekeria Program latihan akan digubalkan untuk menentukan semua pekerja tapak tahu mengoperasikan kilang tersebut dan langakah-langkah kecemasan termasuk kesihatan dan risiko kemalangan. Semua pekerja akan diberikan alat keselamatan termasuk pakaian pelindung, sarung tangan, 'eye goggles', alat penutup hidung dan mulut (mask') dan kasut keselamatan. Pakaian penutup yang bersih akan diberikan kepada semua pekerja oleh MSS setiap minggu dan mesti di pakai setiap masa di kilang. Sarung tangan mesti dipakai oleh semua pekerja yang mengendalikan sampah Munisipal dan kompos. Topi keras mesti dipakai oleh semua pekerja yang mengendalikan jentera bergerak dan dimana terdapat pelongsor ('chute'). Alat pelindung bunyi akan digunapakai oleh semua pekerja yang bekerja berdekatan dengan jentera-jentera yang menghasilkan bunyi yang h a t . Langkah ini akan dilaksanakan oleh pihak pengurusan MSS. Bilik mandi dan penukaran pakaian bersama dengan peti simpanan ('1ockers')untuk semua pekerja lelaki dan perempuan akan diadakan oleh MSS. Tempat makan yang berhawa dingin akan diadakan oleh MSS untuk kegunaan pekerja. Ujian kesihatan keatas pekerja kilang mesti dijalankan dua kali setahun. Pekerja tapak yang menunjukkan kesan-kesan alergi mestilah dipindahkan ke kawasan kilang yang mempunyai habuk atau 'bio-aerosols' yang rendah. Semua pekerja akan diimunisasikan untuk penyakit hepatitis, tetanus dan influenza. Menandakan dengan jelasnya mengenai kawasan-kawasan berbahaya dan latihan mengenai simbol-simbol bahaya. Semua langkah kesihatan dan keselamatan akan dikuatkuasakan oleh Pemaju Projek. Ringkasan Eksekutif R E - 9 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Sosio Ekonomi dun Budaya Sekitaran Memastikan sekurang-kurangnya 50% dari tenaga kerja Kilang Pengasingan dan Pemgkomposan adalah dari Negeri Sabah. Melaksanakan secara berperingkat-peringkat pemberhentian pencari-pencari sampah ('scavengers') di tapak pelupusan dengan memberikan mereka peluang pekerjaan di IOlang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan ini. Menjalankan kempen kesedaran awam bersama dengan DBKK dan NGO lain mengenai kebaikan terhadap alam sekitar dengan mengasingkan bahan buangan organik dan bahan- bahan yang boleh dikitar semula di surnber. Selaras dengan keperluan Bank Dunia, terutamanya Polisi Operasi Bank ('Bank's Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 Environmental Assessment') dan dokumen utama yang lain, perbincangan telah diadakan dengan badan-badan berkaitan dan 'NGOs', sebagai sebahagian dari penilaian laporan ini. Bab 9 ('Section 9') memberikan maklumat mengenai 'Stakeholders', perbincangan mengenai 'Gnevance Redress Mechanism' yang mesti diadakan sebelum dan semasa fasa operasi. Hasil perbincangan mesyuarat 'Stakeholders Meeting' yang telah diadakan di Kota Kinabalu pada November 26,2007 disertakan bersama. KESIMPULAN Penilaian Kesan Alam Sekitar telah menilai kesan alam sekitar yang mungkin timbul semasa aktiviti pembinaan dan operasi Kilang Pengasingan dan Pengkomposan ini. Perunding Alam Selutar telah memberikan beberapa cadangan untuk diimplimentasikan untuk langkah- langkah tebatan, yang telah digabungkan didalam laporan ini. Penilaian menunjukkan tiada kesan alam sekitar yang signifikan akan timbul akibat dari aktiviti pembinaan dan operasi kilang ini. Ringkasan Eksekutif RE 10 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Executive Summary This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is for the construction and operation of a sorting and composting plant which has the capacity to treat 500 tonnes per Day (TPD) of incoming Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from the District of Kota Kinabalu and three neighboring districts in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. The composting facility will treat the organic fraction of the incoming MSW and will complement the existing operations namely Sorting, to remove the recyclable components, and the final disposal in the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill, for non recoverable items. The Sorting and Composting Plant will be located on the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The Landfill site is situated on a plot of land of about 65 hectares in area and located in Kayu Madang, Telipok, approximately 30 km northeast of the city of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The Project Site, near the town of Telipok, is easily accessible from Kota Kinabalu via the Tuaran Road (Jalan Tuaran) or the Polytechnic Road (Jalan Polyteknik). The Project Site is within the direct administrative jurisdiction of Kota Kinabalu City Hall (DBKK). DBKK also operates and manages the existing Landfill operations. The Project Proponent, MS Smart Recycling (M) Sdn. Bhd. (MSS), has leased approximately 18 acres of land from DBKK to build and operate the Sorting and Cornposting Plant. The Sorting facility and the Administration building occupy approximately 3.2 acres, while remaining area will be used for the Composting Facility. MSS had contracted Engineering Tasks Group (ENTAG), an Egyptian company to design and construct the Sorting and Composting Plant. ENTAG is an Egyptian firm that was established in 1992 and specializes in the design and supply of solid waste treatment systems. The Sorting Facility was commissioned in May 2006 to recover and market the recyclable fraction of the incoming Municipal Solid Waste. The cornposting Facility will be the first commercial Composting facility for Municipal Solid Waste in the whole of Malaysia. The Composting Facility is expected to commence operations by the first quarter of 2009. MSS is associated with SPM Holding Bhd., which is the largest waste recycling company in Malaysia. The recovered recyclable fraction form the incoming MSW will be sold to other subsidiaries within the group for further processing and/or marketing. The Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site is characterized by a low-lying valley-shaped area with gently sloping hills around its periphery. The northwest-southeast trending valley occupies the middle portion of the landfill area and has an almost zero elevation. Executive Summary E S - 1 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The Project area is located near the western coastal area and is underlain by the Late Eocene to Early Miocene Crocker Formation which is composed of sedimentary rocks deposited in a deep-marine environment about 23 to 50 million years ago. The rocks have undergone a series of folding, thrusting and normal faulting during the late Oligocene to Late Miocene. The climatic conditions experienced by Sabah's west coast region are typical of a coastal equatorial climate with uniform temperatures and high humidity. The climatic variations are characterized by the two monsoon seasons namely the southwest monsoon between May and September and the northeast monsoon between November and March. The surrounding landuse of the Project Site is predominantly the landfill with its ancillary services, rubber plantations, small villages, abandoned chicken farms, a pig farm, Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park and secondary forest. The population density surrounding the Project area is low and is mostly in scattered villages around the Project Area. The four closest villages to the active landfill area of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill are Kampung Lubang (0.5 km), Kampung Lapasan (Ikrn), Kampung Peniang (1.5 km) and Kampung Salut (1.5 km).Apart from the villages, DBKK has provided living quarters for the landfill workers and their families. The quarters consist of 3 blocks buildings with a total of 18 housing units. The quarters are served with public water supplies, and each housing unit has sanitation facilities consisting of a toilet and shower unit. The toilets are connected to septic tanks that discharge to the unnamed stream. The quarters are located approximately about 100 meters from the proposed Plant site. The following table presents the primary potential impacts during the construction and operation phase of the Sorting and Composting Plant. Potential Impacts During Subject Area Potential Impacts During Operation Construction Air quality and Dust from construction activities. Dust emissions from waste piles and traffic- odor generation Traffic-related air quality impacts. related impactson ambient air quality. Poor housekeeping& improper operating conditions could generate odor. Water Control and management of site Discharge of wastewater. Resources drainage. Operation of drainage systems on site. Sewage disposal and drainage. Discharge of storm water. Noise Noise from construction activities Noise from Sorting and Composting and vehicularmovements. operations on surrounding land uses. Soils Soil contamination. Contaminationby leachate. Effects on groundwater. Effect on groundwater. Traffic Traffic conditions/disruptionroad Traffic conditions/disruption to road users. users. Traffic-relatedair quality. Traffic-related air quality impacts. Traffic-related noise. Traffic-related noise impacts. Occupational Accidents. Effects on health of Accidents. Effects on health of workforce. Health and workforce.Safety at work. Safety at work. Safety Use of foreign workers. Executive Summary ES-2 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The analysis of alternatives is discussed in detail in Section 6 and includes the following options: Evaluation of MSW management options Evaluation of MSW sorting options Evaluation of MSW composting options Sorting and Composting Facility siting considerations Sorting and Composting Facility layout options. The following were the conclusions: The extension of the lifespan of the Kayu Madang Landfill and potential for significant reduction in GHG emission and leachate generation at the landfill; The contribution to sustainable development in terms of recovery and marketing of recyclable products (compost as well as various grades of plastics, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and paper); Creation of better local employment opportunities; The Sorting and Composting Facility, located on this landfill site, is not expected to produce further adverse environmental impacts over the existing landfill operations and will preserve the existing transportation costs borne by DBKK. Aerobic windrow composting method is selected by the Project Proponent as it is lowest in cost to set-up and to operate. The method is also ideally suited for Malaysian climate and has a low learning curve. An Environmental and Social Development Plan was include in the EA to cover the environmental management organization of MSS, mitigation measures and a monitoring plan during the construction and operation phases, staff training program, emergency response plan, and project abandonment plan. The following mitigation measures are proposed to minimize the potential environmental impacts identified in the table above to acceptably low levels. The mitigation measures and Environmental Management and Social Development Plan are discussed in more detail in Sections 7 and 8 respectively. Mitipation Measures during the Construction Phase Air Emissions A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters shall be provided between the Composting Plant boundary and the nearest DBKK quarters to mitigate impacts due odor, bio-aerosol, and dust emissions. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the Sorting and Composting Plant. The Project site shall be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust-emission, especially in and around the excavation and construction areas; The incoming MSW must not be allowed to accumulate and must be processed to reduce the generation of odor due to putrefaction. Good housekeeping must be practiced in the Sorting Plant; Storage in protected areas of stockpiles of friable construction materials to avoid or minimize windblown dust emissions; Executive Summary ES-3 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Proper machinery maintenance to limit noise and exhaust air emissions; Cover lorries with canvas when transporting friable construction materials. Noise Emissions Maintaining the minimum buffer distance of 61 meters and building noise barriers near the DBKK staff quarters. Limited noisy construction activities at night and prohibition of movement of heavy vehicle at night; Enforcement of vehicle speed limits; Strict controls of vehicle routing; Use of protective hearing equipment for workers; Diesel engine and construction equipment to be fitted with silencers. Water Resources Development of a site drainage plan which reduces flow velocity and sediment load; Silt traps shall be incorporated into the temporary draining system around the Composting Facility Site at the appropriate area to enhance deposition rates and prevent contaminated water being disposed directly into the surrounding drainage system; DBKK's tireltruck washing facilities will be installed to ensure no earth, mud and debris is deposited on roads outside the Landfill site. Sand and silt in the wash water from such facilities shall be settled out and removed before discharging the used water into water drains; Temporary waterltoilet facilities will be provided and sewage discharges will be treated on site before discharge; Control of surface water shall be carried out to prevent damage to the proposed Composting Facility site. Site control on fill, grading and ditching shall be carried out to direct surface drainage away from their excavations & other construction areas, and to direct the water to proper drainage facilities; Construction of separate drainage system for the Stormwater collection and the washwater fi-om the Sorting Facility; Protection of temporary stockpiles of soil from erosion by using a reduced slope angle where practical, sheeting and by incorporating sediment traps in drainage ditches. Plan and execute construction earthwork methods to control surface drainage from cuts and fills and prevent erosion and sedimentation; Proper site management to minimize surface water run-off, soil erosion and the impacts of sewage effluents; Adequate maintenance of drainage systems to prevent any overflow; Critical areas within the Site shall be clearly marked and provided with protective measures to control site runoff; Temporary channels shall be provided to facilitate run-off discharge into the appropriate watercourses, via a sediment retention pond; All temporary drainage system and silt traps shall be properly maintained throughout the Construction Phase of the Project to ensure proper function ability; Rough grade site to prevent standing water and to direct surface drainage away from excavations; Executive Summary E S -4 CSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah - All excavations shall be kept free of water at all times until completion of construction and backfilling within the excavations. The composting facility will be properly designed to protect soil, groundwater and surface water from contamination. A separate drainage system shall be constructed to channel stormwater at the Sorting and Composting Plant. A dedicated drainage system for the Composting Facility shall be constructed to collect and channel the leachate and the wastewater generated from floor washings to a retention pond or sump. The collected wastewater will be sprayed back on the waste piles, using a closed loop system. Currently, the Sorting facility does not have any drains for the collection of the wastewater generated from floor washing at the Waste Reception area. A drain system will be constructed to collect the wash water and leachate from the Waste Reception Area of the Sorting Plant. Soil Contamination Surplus excavated material shall be temporarily stored at the locations allocated at the proposed Compost Facility or removed to the landfill. The temporary storage sites for excavated earth materials on site shall be cleaned and reinstated after completion of the works; Contaminated soils or earth shall be excavated and replaced with suitable compacted fill and topsoil. The excavated contaminated soils and scheduled waste materials must be sent to appropriate licensed offsite facilities for recovery; Provision of oil and suspended solid interceptors to prevent contamination of the soil; Oily wastes from the heavy machineries should be handled and stored in a manner which ensures that they are held securely without leakage. Waste storage areas will be well maintained and cleaned regularly; Only licensed waste collectors authorized to collect the specific category of waste concerned will be employed; Appropriate measures will be employed to minimize windblown litter and dust during transportation by either covering trucks or transporting wastes in enclosed containers; Collection of general refuse will be carried out fi-equently, preferably daily and disposed at the landfill; Records will be maintained of the quantities of wastes generated, recycled and disposed. Trafficand Transport Steps shall be taken to ensure the cleanliness of construction vehicles leaving and entering the site at all times to avoid contamination of the surrounding area and public roadways. A washing bay with high-pressure water jet facilities shall be provided at the entrance to the Project Site for proper cleaning of construction vehicles; The Project site shall be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust-emission, especially in and around the excavation and construction areas; Prevention of spillage of friable excavated and construction materials onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lony loads with canvas; Enforcement of vehicle speed limits on unpaved roads to <35 lank; Regulation of access to the Sorting and Composting facilities; Executive Summary E S - 5 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as unloading of friable materials. Occupational Safetv and Health Stability of the vertical slope near the DBKK staff quarters shall be investigated. If necessary, the slope should be stabilized to prevent a land slide. The design and construction of the Composting Plant (especially in waterlogged areas) should assure that there will be suitable drainage and stability to support the heavy mobile equipment, such as windrow turner that will be used during composting operations. The area along the top slope shall be fenced to prevent children from falling. Occupational noise and dust exposure will be the main concerns. The exposed workers shall be provided with dust masks. Construction workers working in close proximity to the noise-generating sources shall be provided with suitable hearing protection. Mitigation Measures during the Operation Phase Air Emissions and Odor Generation Regular monitoring of operating parameters of the waste piles, to ensure the composting process is always in aerobic conditions. Ensure adequate moisture levels of the waste piles especially during turning of the windrows to effectively control the air emissions in the form of bio-aerosols. A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters between the Composting Plant boundary and the DBKK staff quarters is expected to mitigate adverse impacts from odor, bio-aerosol and dust emissions to the residents of the DBKK staff quarters. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation should be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the Sorting and Composting Plant. This multipurpose barrier would serve to minimize the transmission of odor and dust to the DBKK staff quarters. The washing down of MSW transport trucks and tires, and regular wetting down of dust- laden roadways within the Landfill site. The incoming MSW must not be allowed to accumulate and must be processed to reduce the generation of odor due to putrefaction. Noise Emissions A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters between the Composting Plant boundary and the DBKK staff quarters is intended to minimize adverse impacts due to noise emissions to the residents of the DBKK staff quarters. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation should be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the Sorting and Composting Plant. This multipurpose barrier would serve to minimize the transmission of noise to the staff quarters; Generators and air compressors to be equipped with silencers; Design outdoor equipment for noise limit of 85 dB (A) at 1 m. Plant workers to be provided with protective wear in plant areas with high noise levels. - Soil Composting on cement pads will protect the groundwater and surface water from contamination; Executive Summary ES- 6 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah A dedicated drainage system to collect and channel the leachate and the washings to a retention pond or sump must be built. The collected wastewater shall be sprayed back on the waste piles and must be a closed loop system. Wastewater must be channeled to be used in the composting facility or to the landfill leachate treatment plant for treatment before discharge, Water Resources The composting facility will be properly designed to protect soil, groundwater and surface water from contamination. A separate drainage system shall be used to channel stormwater at the Sorting Facility and the Composting Plant; A dedicated drainage system for the Composting Plant shall be used to collect and channel the leachate and the wastewater generated from floor washings to a retention pond or sump. The collected wastewater will be sprayed back on the waste piles, using a closed loop system. Currently, the Sorting Plant does not have any drains for the collection of the wastewater generated fiom floor washing at the Waste Reception area. A drain system will be used to collect the wash water and leachate from the Waste Reception Area of the Sorting Plant. The surface run-off will be prevented by using air permeable geo-textile sheets to cover the waste piles; Soil Contamination The composting on a suitably designed base will protect the soil fiom contamination. Separate drainage system for the stormwater and the leachate from the windrows will be used. The collected leachate will be sprayed back onto the waste piles on a regular basis to reduce potential for overflow and soil contamination. All trucks (including their tires) exiting the Project site will be washed at DBKK's existing truck washing facility. In addition, all dust-laden roadways within the Landfill site used by trucks under this Project will be wetted down. These measures will be adhered to and closely monitored by site supervisor. The surface runoff will be prevented by using air-permeable geotextile covers to protect the windrows. Pest Control Good housekeeping and regular maintenance of the Plant must be implemented. The MSW must be processed within 4-6 hours of arrival at the Waste Receiving Area to control pests. The movement and storage of incoming MSW and in process material must be appropriately managed to prevent MSW and its components being strewn around the Plant area. A synchronized pest control program, will improve health conditions at the Plant site considerably. Pest control measures will be implemented and health authorities will be consulted about the health risks posed by stray dogs at the Project site. The tires at site will be appropriately disposed of to prevent vector breeding. Occupational Health and Safety Regular training programs on the general operation of the Plant, occupational health and safety and contingency plans and emergency procedures will be conducted. Executive Summary E s - 7 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah The training program will be designed to ensure that all site personnel (including the supervisors) are used to operate the Plant and intimately familiar with the occupational health and safety and emergency procedures including the health and injury risks. All employees will be provided with all necessary personal protective equipment, including protective clothing, eye goggles, gloves, hard hats, dust masks and safety shoes. Clean protective clothing will be provided by MSS to all employees on a weekly basis and will be worn at all times at the Plant site. Gloves will be worn by all employees handling MSW or compost. Hard hats will be worn by all employees operating mobile equipment or working in areas where chutes are located. Noise protection equipment will be worn by all employees working near loud equipment. These measures will be strictly enforced by MSS management. All men and women employees will be provided by MSS with separate shower facilities and change rooms with lockers. An air-conditioned lunch facility of sufficient capacity will be provided by MSS to accommodate the employees on an appropriate rotational basis. Health screening of all site personnel will be performed at least twice a year. Site personnel who have been showing signs of allergies must be transferred or moved to areas of the Plant that has low incidences of dust 1 bio-aerosols. All site personnel will be inoculated against hepatitis, tetanus, and influenza. Clear marlung of work site hazards and training in recognition of hazard symbols. All the above health and safety measures will be enforced by the Project Proponent. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Ensure that at least 50% of the workforce at the Sorting and Composting Plant site is from the State of Sabah. Facilitate phasing out of the scavenging activities at the Landfill by offering employment at the sorting and Composting Plant. Conduct public awareness programs with DBKK and NGOs on the environmental benefits of separating organic waste and recyclable materials at source. In accordance with the World Bank requirements, namely the Bank's Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 (Environmental Assessment) and other key documents, affected groups and NGOs were consulted as part of the environmental assessment of this project. Section 9 identifies the stakeholders, discusses the grievance redress mechanism that must be in place before and during operation phase, and the proceedings of the stakeholders meeting that was held in Kota Kinabalu on November 26,2007. CONCLUSIONS The Environmental Impact Assessment has evaluated the potential environmental impacts during construction and operation of the Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant. The EIA consultant has made recommendations for implementation of the mitigation measures which have been incorporated in this Project EIA Report. The assessment indicates that no significant environmental impacts will occur as a result of the construction or operation of the Plant. Executive Summary ES 8- GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  ElA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION ONE PROJECT DESCRIPTION INTRODUCTION This Project will be referred to, in this Report, as the Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant Project or the KKSCP Project in short. This Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report is for the construction and operation of a sorting and composting plant which has the capacity to treat 500 Tonnes per Day (TPD) of incoming Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from the City of Kota Kinabalu and three neighboring districts in the state of Sabah, Malaysia. The composting facility will treat the organic fraction of the incoming MSW and will complement the existing operations namely Sorting, to remove the recyclable components, and the final disposal in the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill, for non recoverable items. The sorting and composting plant will be located on the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. STATEMENTOF NEED The rapid economic growth in the urban population due to rural-urban migration and natural growth, as well as changing consumption patterns of the Malaysian households, has contributed to an increase in the generation and composition of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Problems associated with solid waste range from uncontrolled generation of waste by consumers, inadequate human and financial resources for efficient and effective waste collection, and acute shortage of suitable land for the disposal of wastes. Most of the MSW generated in Malaysia is disposed off in landfills that are currently operated by the local authorities. The estimated per capita quantity of MSW generated by the urban population is between 0.8 and 1.0 kilogram per person per day. These quantities of MSW collected are a strain on the existing 180 landfill sites in Malaysia, and the majority of these disposal grounds may be considered unsanitary landfills or merely opens dumps. During the Eighth Malaysia Plan period (2001-2005), the collection and disposal of MSW was improved with the solid waste privatization process. In addition, the Government adopted a comprehensive waste management policy to address issues of waste reduction, reuse and recycling. The Government of Malaysia conducted awareness campaigns to encourage the reduction, reuse and recycling of waste materials. In 2003, the Government of Malaysia prepared a National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Solid Waste Management (SWM) and a Bill for the management of solid waste. Section One: Project Description 1 - 1 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The NSP aims to develop a sustainable and coherent Management of Solid Waste SWM in Peninsular Malaysia with full cost recovery to be achieved by 2020. The NSP also calls for increased involvement of the Federal Government in SWM policy and financing. The Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Bill is expected to be adopted by the end of 2007. It is expected that the autonomous Malaysian states of Sarawak and Sabah will also adopt the Bill. In the state of Sabah, Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu or Kota Kinabalu City Hall (DBKK) has the responsibility for MSW collection, transportation and disposal services for the District of Kota Kinabalu. Although waste generators are not explicitly charged for MSW management services, costs of these services are implicitly covered partially through household assessments, which have not increased over the last 25 years. DBKK has been disposing MSW at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill since the start of its operations in September 1997. The Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill also receives MSW from three nearby districts of Tuaran, Kota Belud and Penampang. The cost of operation and maintenance of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill is borne by DBKK. The lifespan of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill was projected at 15 years based on the incoming MSW of around 250 Tonnes per day. However, the incoming waste has now increased to 430 tonnes per day. The current cell at the landfill, which has now reached 80% of its fill capacity, will have to be closed by the end of 2010. Another cell at the same landfill, which is expected to serve approximately 15 years, is under construction. Land filling can no longer be considered an acceptable practice for disposing of unwanted solid waste materials. Not only do landfills generate greenhouse emissions and toxic leachate, it also wastes resources that would contribute to sustainable development. The principal Project objective is therefore, to prevent generation of methane (a greenhouse gas) emissions from the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill in Telipok, Malaysia by lverting the biodegradable portion of the MSW to a composting facility. This facility will produce compost under aerobic conditions. The Project has benefits in terms of reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, contributions to sustainable development and the local environment. The estimated annual GHG emission reduction as a result of this Project is estimated at 105,000 tons of COz-e. The Project will also benefit the economy by recovering and recycling various grades of plastic materials, paper, and non-ferrous and ferrous metals; and producing compost as a by-product which shall be marketed as soil conditioner. As the first commercial-scale MSW composting initiative in Malaysia, the Project will be a model to address the growing SWM problem for the rest of the country. Moreover, the Project will be beneficial to the local environment as it will increase the life of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill and reduce the leachate from this Landfill. Only the remaining inert material in the MSW will be disposed off at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The environmental benefits of the above Project are summarized as follows: The lifespan of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill will be extended, as recyclable and organic fractions are removed for recycling and composting. Only the inert and unrecoverable material will be disposed in the landfill. Section One: Project Description GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The Project will also relieve the stress for the treatment of leachate on the oxidation pond as less organic wastes will be disposed off at the landfill. The production of methane and other odorous gases will also decrease. Carbon funds received from reduction of green house gas (GHG) emissions contribute to sustainable development and the local environment. The recycling of plastic materials, paper, and non-ferrous and ferrous metals reduces the consumption of raw materials. Recycling also reduces energy usage and hence greenhouse gas emissions, compared to the production of virgin raw materials. Compost provides a useful material for growing a variety of crops and can be used for organic crops, as it is an excellent soil conditioner. It can also be used for a variety of emerging environmental practices such as remediating contaminated land and controlling erosion. Composting reduces dependency on manufactured fertilizers while adding many nutrients to soil that are necessary for plant growth. Composting is an old uncomplicated, process and is quite well understood. Composting is able to handle many organic wastes and relatively insensitive to changes in flow rates and feed characteristics. This Project will certainly make its contribution towards the Sabah State's development objectives, which include: Creation of employment opportunities via development; Use of any method or manner for the purpose of reduction, reuse and recycling of solid waste materials; and Chapter 28 of Local Agenda 21 stresses on the role of the Local Authority in implementing sustainable development at the local level through the Local Agenda 21 Program. The DBKK has formed four working groups under LA21, one of which is the working group on environment. The LA21 activities to be implemented in Kota Kinabalu specifically include recycling and composting projects. PROJECT LOCATION The KKSCP Project site is located within the existing Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Site. The Landfill site is situated on a plot of land of about 65 hectares in area and located in Kayu Madang, Telipok, approximately 30 km northeast of the city of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The Project Site, near the town of Telipok, is easily accessible from Kota Kinabalu via the Tuaran Road (Jalan Tuaran) or the Polytechnic Road (Jalan Polyteknik). The Project Site is within the direct adrmnistrative jurisdiction of DBKK. DBKK also operates and manages the existing Landfill operations. Section One: Project Description 1 - 3 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The Project Proponent, MS Smart Recycling (M) Sdn. Bhd. (MSS), has leased approximately 18 acres of land from DBKK to build and operate the Sorting and Cornposting Plant. The Sorting facility and the administration building occupy approximately 3.2 acres, while remaining area will be used for the Cornposting Facility. PROJECT PROPONENT The Project Proponent, MS Smart Recycling (M) Sdn. Bhd. (MSS) was incorporated as a Malaysian company on 16 June 2003, as a special purpose vehicle to undertake the establishment and operation of the proposed Sorting and Cornposting facility at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site, located in Telipok of the Sabah State, Malaysia. The Sorting Facility was established by MSS in May 2006 to recover and market the recyclable fraction of the incoming Municipal Solid Waste. MSS has commissioned an Egyptian company to design and construct the cornposting facility for the organic fraction of the incoming Municipal Solid Waste, which currently is being disposed off in the Landfill. This will be the first commercial cornposting facility for Municipal Solid Waste in the whole of Malaysia. The Composting Facility is expected to commence operations by the first quarter of 2009. MSS is associated with SPM Holding Bhd., which is the largest waste recycling company in Malaysia. The recovered recyclable fraction form the incoming MSW will be sold to SPM Holding's subsidiaries for hrther processing and/or marketing. The four subsidiaries are: SPM Metal Recycling Sdn. Bhd. for ferrous and non-ferrous metals SPM Plastic Recycling Sdn. Bhd. for plastics SPM Cable Recycling Sdn. Bhd. for cables and wires SPM Paper Recycling Sdn. Bhd. for paper. The operation and management structure of MS Smart Recycling Sdn. Bhd. is presented in the Figure I.I. The Project Implementation Schedule is presented in Figure1.2. Section One: Project Description 1 - 4 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd   EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Figure 1.2: Project Implementation Schedule Section One: Project Description 1 - 6 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Implementation of the Proposed Composting Plant Project will be spearheaded by Mr. Rsunaathan, who is the Company's Finance Manager. Contact details are provided in the box below; RIS S3IART KE:C\.'C'LING (\I) SDN.UIII). 2lailing Address: So. 29, .lidan Hcsi. Off Batu 3 '/z, .lslan Sungai Rrsi, 57100 liuala I.umpur >1.4lL.4\..Sl,4 Contact Persun: MKRsum~rmhun I ~ Tcl. 6 ~-3794324673 SUPPLIER OF SORTING AND COMPOSTING TECHNOLOGY AND PRODUCTION FACILITY The technology and production plant for the Sorting operations to recover recyclables from the Municipal Solid Waste was supplied by Engineering Tasks Group (ENTAG) and its associate company Egyptian Company for Solid Waste Utilization (ECARU). They will also be providing the technology and production plant to produce compost from the organic fraction of the Municipal Solid Waste. ENTAG is an Egyptian firm that was established in 1992 and specializes in the design and supply of solid waste treatment systems. ECARU was established in 1997 to produce organic fertilizers, as well as to provide land filling and processing services and the undertaking of the operation and maintenance of recycling facilities. ENTAG and ECARU are supported by nearly 50 full time staff members including engineers specialized in mechanical, electrical and civil design, and chemical engineers specialized in treatment processes for municipal, industrial, and agricultural wastes. ENTAG has built over 33 MSW recovery facilities in Egypt and 7 recovery facilities in Libya. The construction of several of these facilities was supervised by ECARU and the Company also currently operates them. Section One: Project Description GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The contact information for the Egypt-based office of ENTAG and ECARU are presented below: EIA STUDY OBJECTIVES The principal objectives of this EIA Study are to: Establish the existing landuse and baseline environmental quality within the areal zone of influence of the Project Site; Provide pertinent information and analysis on the nature, extent and severity of potential environmental impacts during the operational phase of the Project; Evaluate and recommend project options that would eliminate or minimize adverse environmental impacts and enhance the cost-benefit considerations of the Project; Recommend practical and cost-effective mitigation measures for minimizing potentially adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptably low levels; and Recommend an effective environmental monitoring plan and social development plan for the construction and operational phases of the Project. Conduct Public consultations and stakeholders meetings Section One: Project Description 1 - 8 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah SECTION 2 LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONALFRAMEWORK LEGAL ]FRAMEWORK IN MALAYSIA The followingare the relevanf reguhtians for EmiranmentalManagement in Malaysia: The Emironmennl Quality Act, 1974 is a legid hmework to manage the environment and the mb8t significant mechanism is tho implementation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EM). In Malaysia, EIA If a mandatory requirement under Section 34A of the Enviranmeittal Quality Act, 1974 far activities prescribed in the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987. Any person intending to carry out any prescribed activity needs to submit an E M report to the Director General of Environment for examhation; Land use comes d e r the NationaI Land Coda (A# 56), 1965, which also covers rocks, minerals, f a s t area6 and land reservation and classification, au space above land and underground land areas; LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN THE STATE OF SABAH The legislations relevant to environmental management for the state of Sabah are the following; Conservationof Environment Enactment, 1996 Sabah Conservationof Environment (Prescribed Activities)Order1998 Anti-Litter By-Laws Until 1998, the only legal tool used in addressing environmental issues in Sabah was the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), a legal requirement under the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974, as amended in 1985. In August 1998, the State Environmental Protection Department (EPD) was formed which will be responsible for enforcing the Environmental Conservation Enactment 1996. Under Section 5 of the Conservation of Environment Enactment, 1996, EIA is mandatory for activities prescribed in the Conservation of Environment (Prescribed Activities) Order 1998. Any person intending to cany out any prescribed activity need to submit an EIA report to the Director of Environmental Protection Department for review and approval. Section Two: Legal and InstitutionalFramework 2 - 1 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FOR DOE Depending on the type of project, the EIA report will be reviewed either by the Department of Environment (DOE) in Putrajaya or the DOE state office in Sabah. Many Federal and State government departments will be involved during the review process of the EIA for the DOE. The level of involvement however, varies depending on the nature of the development project for which the EIA study is carried out. The EIA consultant will need to liaise with the relevant department in conducting of the baseline surveys. At the conclusion of the study, the EIA report is also distributed to the relevant departments and agencies that are invited to sit on the panel to review and assess the study. The level of involvement of other departments in the present EIA process is summarized in the following: Department of Environmental Protection, Department of Drainage and Irrigation, Department of Public Work, Department of Land and Survey, and Department of Natural Resources and Department of Town and Regional Planning All the above departments are invited to sit as a review panel and give comments to all EL4 reports submitted to the Department of Environment (Federal). Department of Marine, Departments of Ports and Harbour, Port Authority, Department of Mining, Department of Geological Survey, Department of Agriculture, Local Authority, WWF and Forestry Department. These departments are invited to give comments on EIA reports on projects relevant to the jurisdiction and function of the department. For example, the Department of Mining may be invited to sit in a review panel if the EIA report is for Quany operation and may not be invited to sit in a panel for EIA on golf course development ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT Among the prescribed activities identified in the Schedule to the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987 is the following sub-category under the Waste Treatment and Disposal Category: ITEM 18. WASTE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL (b) Municipal Solid Waste (ii) Construction of cornpostingplant (iii) Construction ofrecoveiy/recycling planl (iv) Construction of municipal solid waste landfill facility. Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 2 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Thus, under Item 18(b)(iv) of the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 1987, an EIA study is required and the EIA report approved by the Malaysian Department of Environment (DOE) prior to the construction of a landfill facility. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study was therefore conducted for the Kayu Madang Landfill in 1994 and the EIA report was approved by the Department of Environment, Sabah (DOE Sabah) in 1995. The existing Sorting Facility is located within the sanitary Landfill in Kayu Madang, Telipok. The proposed Composting Facility will also be built and operated on the existing sanitary Landfill in Kayu Madang, Telipok. The current EIA study is undertaken and report prepared expressly for the submission to the World Bank and follows the Terms of Reference prepared by the World Bank. The Environmental Consultant is also appointed to undertake the EIA study for the sorting and composting plant component as required by Items 18(b)(ii) and 18(b)(iii) of the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessmenl) Order 1987. A separate EIA report for the approval of the Department of Environment (DOE), Sabah will be prepared in conformance with the guidelines contained in the Malaysian Department of Environment Handbook: A Handbook of Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines. Upon securing the DOE, Sabah s approval for the EIA Report for the sorting and composting 7 facilities, the Project Proponent will need to initiate the preparation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for the construction and operational phases of Project implementation. The submission of the EMP and ERP for the approval of the DOE, Sabah is usually mandated through appropriate conditions imposed in the letter of approval of the EIA report. The following DOE, Sabah environmental regulatory requirements shall also be complied, with, where applicable in relation to Project design, construction and installation: Prior to commencement of construction and installation works for a wastewater treatment facility and discharge of effluent into surface waters, if any, submission shall be made of information and plans necessary for obtaining the written approval of the DOE with respect to the design of the wastewater treatment facility, as required under Regulation 4 of the Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations, 1979. Prior to erection of any fuel burning equipment, submission shall be made of information and plans necessary for obtaining the written approval of the DOE with respect to the design of fuel burning equipment and air emission control systems, as required under Regulation 36 of the Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations, 1987. Prior to the erection of any chimney from or through which air impurities may be emitted, appropriate submission shall be made of all information and plans necessary for obtaining the written approval of the DOE with respect to the design of the chimney, as is required under Regulation 38 of the Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations, 1987. Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 - 3 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Sorting and Composting facilities are not listed in the Conservation of Environment (Prescribed Activities) Order 1998 as prescribed activities and therefore an EIA study for the Environment Conservation Department of Sabah under Section 5 of the Conservation of Environment Enactment, 1996 will not be required. Other Applicable Environmental Quality Regulations The following regulations promulgated under the Environmental Quality Act 1974 are generally applicable: Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations, 1978 [PU(A) 280/I9781 Regulation 3(b) of the Regulations states that the Regulations shall apply to "any facility or process that discharges or is capable of discharging air impurities into open air". "air impurities" include smoke, soot, dust, ash (including flyash), cinders, grit, solid particles of any kind inclusive of particulates, gases fumes, mist, odours and radioactive substance which are generated as a result of combustion of fuel and the like, or a result of the use of electricity as a heat source, or result of synthesis, resolution or any other treatment and any other substance which may be designated by the Minister as those which are liable to affect adversely the human health or living environment [Note: Specified limits for permissible emission of air impurities are contained in Part V of the Clean Air Regulations]. Regulation 7 (Burning of trade waste in incinerator only) of the above Regulations stipulates that "No owner or occupier of industrial or trade premises shall bum or cause to bum combustible materials, refuse andproduce or waste except in an incinerator of such type and design approved by the Director General (of the Federal Department of Environment)". Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations, 1979 [PU (A) 400/1977 and 398/2000] Regulation 3 of the above Regulations states that the Regulations shall apply to "discharges of effluent into any inland waters, other than the effluent from prescribed premises or other premises specified in the First Schedule or both". The following are pertinent definitions with respect to the above applicability of the above Regulations: "effluent"means sewage or industrial effluent. "industrial effluent" means liquid water or wastewater produced by reason of the production processes taking place at any industrial premises. Section Two: Legal and Znstitutional Framework 2 4 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant ai Telipok,Sabah "inland waters" include any reservoir, pond, lake, river, stream, canal, drain, spring, or well, any part of the sea abutting on the foreshore, and any other body of natural or artificial surface or subsurface water. The parameter limits of permissible effluent discharge into inland waters are specified in the Third Schedule to the Regulations, i.e. Effluent Standards A and B (Table 2.1). Table 2.1: Parameter Limits of Effluent Standard A and B Item I Parameter Standard 1 Source: Department of Environment, Malaysia - a Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG) There are no ambient air quality standards in Malaysia. The Malaysian government, however, established ambient air quality guidelines in 1988. Pollutants addressed in the guidelines include ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, total suspended particles, particulate matter under 10 microns, lead and dust fall. The averaging time, which varies from 1 to 24 hours for the different air pollutants in the RMAQG, represents the period of time over which measurements is monitored and reported for the assessment of human health impacts of specific air pollutants. The Table 2.2 presents the Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines. Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Table 2.2: Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines Pollutants Averaging Malaysia Guidelines Time ppm ug/m3 Ozone 1Hour 0.10 200 8 Hour 0.06 120 Carbon Monoxide# 1Hour 30 35 8 Hour 9 10 Nitrogen Dioxide 1Hour 0.17 320 24 Hour 0.04 Sulphur Dioxide 1 Hour 0.13 350 1 24 Hour 1 Particulate Matter(PM10) 24 Hour 150 I Year 50 Total Suspended Particulate 24 Hour 260 (TSP) I Year 90 Lead 3 Month 1.5 Dust fall 1 year 133 mg/tn2/day Source: Department of Environment, Malaysia Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia There are no surface water quality standards in Malaysia. However, to determine the water quality status, the classes of rivers are determined based on Water Quality Index (WQI) and Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia (INWQS). Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 - 6 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah - Water Quality Index (WQI) is computed based on 6 main parameters:- Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Arnrnoniacal Nitrogen fNH3N) pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Suspended Solids (SS) The Malaysian system of river classification is presented briefly described in Table 2.3 below and the Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) is presented in Table 2.4. Table 2.3: Malaysian System of River Classification 0 CLASSIFICATION BENEFICIAL USE DESCRIPTION Class I Water Supply I Practically no treatment necessary. Fishery I Very sensitive species. Class IIA Water Supply I1 Conventional treatment required. Fishery I1 Sensitive aquatic species. Class IIB Recreational Recreational use with body contact. Class I11 Water Supply I11 Extensive treatment required. Fishery I11 Common, of economic value, and tolerant species, livestock drinking. Class IV Irrigation Class V None of the above m:Depurtment of Environment, Malaysia Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 - 7 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah Table 2.4: Interim National Water Quality Standards for Malaysia CLASSES PARAMETERS UNIT I IIA IIB I11 IV V mg/l 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.9 2.7 >2.7 1 BOD 1 COD TCU 1 15 150 150 - - IElec. Conductivity * 1 Floatables / Odour / salinity (%) 1 Taste Total Dissolved Solid I Total Suspended Solid ITemperature (C) Normal Normal - - +2Oc ITurbidity (NTU) NTU 1 5 50 50 Faecal Coliform ** 1 Total Coliform counts/lOOrnL 100 5000 5000 50000 50000 >50000 Source: Department of Environment, Malaysia Notes N : No visible floatable materials, debris, no objectionable odour, or no objectionable taste * : Related parameters, only one recommended for use **: Geometric mean a : Maximum not to be exceeded The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 - 8 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah The Department of Environment has published 3 sets of documents to provide guidance on acceptable noise limits for various types of land use and human activities. The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control provide noise acceptance criteria for quantitative assessment of noise to define disturbance or otherwise. The Guidelines for Noise Labelling and Emission Limits of Outdoor Sources prescribes comprehensive methodology to measure and report noise emission from outdoor sources. The Planning Guidelines for Vibration Limits and Control gives vibration acceptance criteria for quantitative assessment of vibration. Maximum Permissible Sound Level (Leq) by Receiving Land Use for Planning and New Development is presented in Table 2.5 Table 2.5: Schedule 1 Maximum Permissible Sound Level (Leq) by Receiving Land Use for Planning and New Development Day The Night Time Receiving Land Use Category 7.68a n 10.00 pm - 10.00pm 7.00 am - Noise Sensitive Areas, Low Density Residential, Institutional (School, Hospital), Worship Areas. Suburban Residential (Medium Density) Areas, Public Spaces, Parks, Recreational Areas. Urban Residential (High Density) Areas, Designated Mixed Development Areas (Residential - Commercial). Commercial Business Zones. Designated Industrial Zones 70 dBA w: Department of Environmeni, Malaysia Benchmark for Groundwater in Malaysia Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 - 9 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah - - There are no Groundwater Standards in Malaysia, however there is a benchmark for groundwater in Malaysia and is presented in Table 2.6. Table 2.6: Benchmark for Groundwater in Malaysia (Revised December 2000) 11 CHEMICAL SYMBOL BENCHMARK I Sulphate so4 Hardness C ~ C O ~ Nitrate ~0~ Must not be detected Colifonn in any 1OOml sample Manganese 0.1 mg/l Chromium 0.05mg/l Zinc 3 mgll Arsenic 0.01 mgll Selenium 0.01 mg/l Chloride Phenolics TDS Iron Copper Lead (Plumbum) Cadmium Mercury 0.001 mg/l Source: Department of Environment, Malaysia REQUIREMENTS OF THE WORLD BANK The Kyoto Protocol under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change is an international agreement for the control of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions binding industrialized countries to specific reduction targets. Emissions of GHGs are a global problem hence the Kyoto Protocol stipulates the need for global actions. As a result the Kyoto Protocol contains provisions for three flexible mechanisms, which allow reductions to be made where costs are lowest; (i) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allowing countries with binding GHG reduction targets (Annex 1 countries) to develop projects in Non-annex 1 (developing) countries (ii) Joint Implementation (JI) allowing Annex 1 countries to undertake projects in other annex 1 countries and (iii) Emission Trading. Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Malaysia, as a Non-annex 1 country, is not obligated to reduce its GHG emissions. However, as signatory of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, Malaysia has ratified the Kyoto Protocol in September 2002. Through the Clean Development Mechanism, the Project Proponent will qualify for carbon credits resulting from activities that reduce methane emissions from the Kayu Madang Sanitary landfill. The required reduction of greenhouse gases would be achieved through composting of municipal solid waste. The World Bank Group statutes and regulations require the World Bank to follow prescribed environmental procedures when involved with international assistance projects. An EIA study for the composting and sorting plant is part of the World Bank's safeguards requirements. For this, the report has incorporated the requirements as contained in the World Bank Guidance for Preparation of an Environmental Impact Assessment. Outline of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EM) report as per the World Bank guidelines are as follows: Executive summary Introduction Legal and institutional ffamework Project description Comparison of alternatives Baseline data for the project site and area Environmental impact Mitigatiodenvironmental management plan and monitoring plan References Record of consultations with affected parties INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK There are three levels of Institutions that deal with environmental issues in Malaysia namely, the Federal, the State and the local level. Federal Level Authority At the Federal level, the institution that deals with the environmental issue particularly monitoring is the DOE under the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Environment (NRE). The Department of Environment is the primary authority with regard to the environment in Malaysia. It is headed by a director-general who is appointed under Section 3 (1) of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974. The Department consists of State offices which includes the state of Sabah Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 11 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah State-level Authority The Department of Environment, Sabah was established in 1995 after reorganization at the federal level. Thus, Sabah has its own State-level agency to handle its environmental problems and regulations. At the State level, the Department of Environment Federal (DOE) is responsible for enforcing the Environmental Quality Act 1974 (EQA). The Environmental Protection Department under the Ministry of Tourism, Environmental and Science and Technology was formed to provide advice on the development of land and coastal resources. The Natural Resources Office and the Lands and Surveys Department under the Chief Minister Department, the Department of Drainage and Imgation (for, rivers, coastal erosion and engineering), the Department of Industrial Development and Research (industrial development planning) the Ministry of Local Govenunent and Housing, Local Authorities (the Municipal councils), and Town and Regional Planning Department (planning at town and district level) are also involved directly in environmental issues. Local authority/government The responsibility of Kota Kinabalu City Hall for the management of solid waste includes ensuring collection of municipal solid waste from commercial, institutional and residential areas, sweeping of roads and five footways, beach and river cleaning, cleaning of commercials and residential drains and minimization of waste through recycling and cornposting. The Health and Services Department of the City Hall is responsible for the daily collection of the solid waste. The Solid Waste Management Unit, under the Health and Services Department, is the biggest unit in the department in terms of manpower and expenditures. nexus Section Two: Legal and Institutional Framework 2 - 12 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION 3 PROJECT SITE INTRODUCTION Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu (DBKK) or Kota Kinabalu City Hall is the city council which administers the city and district of Kota Kinabalu. The council was established after the city was officially granted city status on February 2, 2000. Kota Kinabalu was formerly administrated by the Majlis Perbandaran Kota Kinabalu (MPKK) or the Kota Kinabalu Municipal Council. Their jurisdiction covers an area of 351 square kilometres, encompassing the sub-districts and towns, including Kota Kinabalu city and Telipok. Other towns within a 10 kilometer distance are Menggatal, Sepanggar, and Tuaran. PROJECT LOCATION The PKKCP Project site is located within the existing Landfill. The Landfill site is situated on a plot of land of about 115 acres in area and located in Kayu Madang, Telipok, approximately 30 km North East of the city of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Figure 3.1a and 3.1b present the Location Plan and Key Plan of the Project Site. Figure 3.2 presents a satellite image of the Landfill and the Project Site. Figure 3.3 is a layout plan of the Landfill Area in Kayu Mandang. The plot of land for the Sorting and Composting facility is part of the larger Landfill Area .and is presented in this EIA Report as Figure 3.4 and Figure 3.5 respectively. The approximate geographical coordinates of the centre point of the Landfill site is Latitude 06" 06' 35" N and Longitude 116"10' 37" E. The Project Site is within the direct administrative jurisdiction of Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu (DBKK) or the Kota Kinabalu City Hall, which also operates and manages the existing Landfill operations. The Project Proponent, MS Smart Recycling (M) Sdn. Bhd., has leased approximately 18 acres of land from DBKK to build and operate the Sorting and Composting Facility. The Sorting facility and the Administration building occupy approximately 3.2 acres, while remaining area will be used for the Composting Facility. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 1 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah - -- r I n F FIGURE 3.la: LOCATION MAP NO^ to Scale I FIGURE 3.lb :KEY MAP ~ ototScale Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 2 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.   EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah i; FIGURE 3.3 : Layout Plan of the Landfill Area in Kayu Madang NO^ to scale Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 4 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  yvqvs 6qodjla~iv iuvld 8u?isoduro3puv 8uyios n1vqvzr.y v i o :v~g ~  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah -- - FIGURE 3.5 : Layout of the Proposed CornpostingFacility NO^ to Scale Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 6 GSR EnvironmentalConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah GENERAL LANDUSE The description of the environment surrounding the Project Area is an integral part of an EIA Study. The impacts arising from the activities of a project are primarily felt by the immediate surroundings. The pertinent aspects of the surrounding environment are physical, biological and the socio-economic. The physical, biological and socio-economic aspects of the existing environment in the vicinity of the Project Site are described in this Section. This Section provides the base upon which impacts from project activities would be assessed. The data collected comprises of secondary information obtained mainly from visits to government departments, such as the Town and Country Planning Department in Kota Kinabalu, Survey and Mapping Department of Kota Gnabalu, Geological Department of Kota Kinabalu, previous studies and surveys, as well as ad hoc field investigations for baseline air quality, surface water quality, marine water quality and noise levels. The surrounding landuse consists mainly of the landfill with its ancillary services, rubber plantations, small villages, abandoned chicken farms, a pig farm and secondary forest. The landuse map of the Project Site is presented in Figures 3.6a and 3.6b. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 7 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kora Kinrrbdu Sorting und Composting Pluw UI Telipok, Sabuh ~atuk mucx I FIGURE 3.6a : Landuse Map 8;1m@MRO m - m Msklumal Rma'asn dan Geclplial. h n XII m l u . Section Three: Project Site Page 3-8 CSREnvironmental ConsullnncySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah I Figure 3.6b : Landuse Map of Landfill Area NO^ to ScaleI The landuse within a 500m,1 km and 3 lun radius of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill, as presented in Figure 3.6a, is listed below. The Figure 3.66 presents the Ianduse within the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Site. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 9 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Landuse within 500m radius: Direction Type of Landuse Feature East Pig Farm, Abandoned Chicken farms South of Composting Plant and Weighbridge Southwest of Sorting Plant West (approximately 100m. Staff Quarters from Proposed Composting Plant) West and Southwest Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Southwest Kampung Lubang (>300m. from the landfill site) Landuse within a radius of 500m to 1 km: Direction Type of Landuse Feature Northwest Kampung Lapasan West Aquaculture ponds South Kampung Salut Landuse within a radius of 1 km to 3 km: Direction Type of Landuse Feature Northwest National Institute of Public Administration (INTAN) West Restaurant Salut Bay Southwest Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park, Kota finabalu Polytechnic Southeast Kampung Norowot East Telipok Town, Brick Factory Northeast Kampung Peniang Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 10 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kotu Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah - .y KKlP Maoter Plan 2007 -kl I - - - L Ollrl- me-* h.. e. -ZprOu*ld Sanitary Landfill vlr) 1 I P '. / FIGURE 3.7 <(@) ------ ---- -TOTALKK1PAREA a8,320ACS. PLANNED FUTURE LANDUSE PLAN - - .---."- .d8= * * ~ D A R U - 1 4 . 0 0 5 ~ ~ ~ . - UNWEITEDAREA =4.315 MX ..a - - Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 11 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Planned Future Landuse of Surrounding Area The planned future landuse within a 3-kilometer radius of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Site is presented in Figure 3.7. This landuse plan was derived from the Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park (KKIP) Master Plan 2007. The planned landuse features surrounding the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site are summarized below: Planned Future Landuse for surrounding areas Direction Relative to Landfill Site Type of Landuse Feature North Ridge Conservation North-Northeast Residential Northeast, East & Southeast KKIP South Exhibition Center Southeast Exposition Area.Residentia1 West-Northwest Sports Complex The Environmental Consultant was informed by KKIP that the KKIP Master Plan is in the process of being revised. KKIP has started amending the Master Plan after they were informed that DBKK will be continuing the operations at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The revised Master Plan and marketing plan is expected to be finalized by June 2008. GEOLOGICAL FEATURES The following geological information for the Project Area was extracted from the EIA report prepared for the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill in 1995. The Project Area is located near the western coastal area and is underlain by the Late Eocene to Early Miocene Crocker Formation which is composed of sedimentary rocks deposited in a deep-marine environment about 23 to 50 million years ago. The rocks have undergone a series of folding, thrusting and normal faulting during the late Oligocene to Late Miocene. The Crocker Formation in the Project Site is composed of sandstone, shale, and inter-layered sandstone-shale sequence. It is controlled by heavy structural lineaments representing a complex history of folding and faulting resulting in its highly disturbed character. The soil condition at the Project Area is generally rich in clayey material which is derived mainly from parent material of the Crocker Formation. The degree of weathering profile in the Project Site is about 20-80 m. Figure 3.8 presents the geological map of the Project Area and its surrounding. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 -12 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah TOPOGRAPHY AND LANDFORM The Project Site is part of the much larger Kayu Madang Sanitary landfill site. The landfill site is characterized by a low-lying valley-shaped area with gently sloping hills around its periphery. The northwest-southeast trending valley occupies the middle portion of the landfill area and has an almost zero elevation. The site for the Sorting and Composting facility are within this fairly flat area. The gentle sloping hills at the periphery of the landfill have a maximum elevation of 50 m. - m Recent Palaeocene-Eocene I Eocene-Oligocene Cretaceous-EarlyTertiary Late Miocene-Pliocene Oligocene-Middle Miocene FIGURE 3.8: Geological Map I NO^ to scale Source: The Geological Society of Malaysia Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 13 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  ElA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah LNFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES The information presented in this Section on the existing infrastructure facilities and utilities was obtained from existing maps, studies and governmental reports. Other information covered in this Section was obtained from the websites of DBKK and other Government agencies. Road Network The Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill is easily accessible from the Kota Kinabalu - Tuaran highway via Jalan PolitekniklJalan RugadingIJalan Pelepasan - refer Figure I.I in Section One and Figure 3 . 6 ~ in this Section of the Report. Electricity Supplv The Sabah Electricity Sdn Bhd (SESB) has been generating and distributing stable electricity supply to the State of Sabah, including the Kota Kinabalu District. Sabah Electricity Sdn. Bhd. is an 80% owned subsidiary of Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), a public listed company on the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange, and 20% by the State Government of Sabah. It is a vertically integrated utility providing reliable generation, transmission and distribution services in the state of Sabah and the Federal Territory of Labuan. Water Supplv All main towns in the State of Sabah including the Project area are supplied with treated water. There are currently 39 water treatment plants in 24 districtslareas in the State of Sabah. These have a total production capacity of 693 million litres per day and supplies 1.4 million consumers. Water supply and distribution throughout the State is under the responsibility of Jabatan Air Negeri Sabah or Sabah Water Department. Jabatan Air Negeri Sabah is under the control of the Ministry of Infrastructure Development. Telecommunication The Project area is served by Telekom Malaysia, the main telecommunication company operating in the State of Sabah, providing both fixed lines and cellular phone facilities. There are five other telecommunication companies operating in the state but they only provide cellular phone facilities. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS Meteorological information for the Project Site was obtained from the Malaysian Meteorological Department. The nearest meteorological station is located at the Kota Kinabalu International Airport approximately 40 km southwest of the Project Site. The climatic conditions experienced at the Project Site are similar to the rest of Sabah's west coast region. The weather is typical of a coastal equatorial climate with uniform temperatures and high humidity. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 -14 CSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah The climatic variations are characterized by the two monsoon seasons namely the southwest monsoon between May and September and the northeast monsoon between November and March. Rainfall Rainfall is very heavy during the southwest monsoon season from May to September each year. The mean annual rainfall in the Kota Kinabalu sub-region for the years 1998 to 2007 were between 1,898 mm and 4,003 mm with an annual number of rain days between 154 and 231. It is observed that the annual rainfall for the years 2005 and 2006 were the highest in the last nine years (Refer Fig 3.9a). FIGURE 3.9a: Average Rainfall(mm.) - 4500.0 4000 0 - 3500.0 -E E = 30000 C .- m LL 2500.0I 2000 0 I 15000 1 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year - Sunshine The data for mean daily sunshine hours was available only for the years 1998 and 1999. The data obtained from the Malaysian Meteorological Department showed the annual mean daily sunshine hours to be 7.2 hours in 1998 and 6.1 hours in 1999(ReferFig 3.96). Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 15 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Finure 3.9b: Average Sunshine Hours - cn a P . - I 5 5 E I .-c 01 I . . : ~ I - F , C , ----- Y F ' J L=-:; * - --7 - . r 4 - ,,, FI.. : - C rl .. . . . . ._ .>_ - - 3 - b - - - - - - I I- I - 1 c m 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year . .-- - -- - - - - - - - - - - .- -- .. ...- Mean Temperature The monthly 24-hour mean temperature between 1998 and 2006 shows the 24-hour annual temperature for Kota Kinabalu was between 27.2 OC and 28.1 OC. The data also shows the maximum temperatures experienced were during the months of April and May, while the minimum temperatures were between the months of November and January(Refer Fig 3.9~). FIGURE 3.9~:Avg. Temperature(Degree Celcius) 29 0 - 2 8 5 - u M 2 8 0 f 2 7 5 E & 2 7 0 E 2 26 5 26 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year - - -- - - - - - - Section Three: Project Site Page 3 -16 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telbok,Sabah Relative Humiditv The 24-hour relative humidity fw the years 1998 to 2006 were between 79.2% and 83.8%. The maximum average daily mean was recorded in October 2001 with a relative humidity of 86.5%, while the minimum average daily mean was recorded in April 2003 with a relative humidity of 77.1% (Refer Fig 3.94. - - - -- -- - - - - -- - - -- - - - FIGURE 3.9d: Avg. Rdative Humidity (%) 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Year - - - - - - - - Maximum Wind The 24-hour mean annual surface wind speed and direction for the years 1998 to 2000, 2005 and 2006 showed that the wind blows mainly from the East and has a maximum wind speed of between 18.0 d s and 27.4 d s (ReferFig 3.9e). Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - I7 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah - FIGURE3.9e: Maximum Surface wind (mls) 30 25 i 22 4 19 7 2 - 20 4 18 2 18 I-I1 E $ 15 t $ - 1 0 - - I 5 No Avatlabls Data ---- . -- - - - 1 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Year - - - - - - - HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES An unnamed stream that leads to the Sungai Salut or Salut River flows along the western side of the Project Area. This unnamed stream flows in a north-south direction and eventually joins Salut River. After the confluence, the Salut River flows in the westerly direction for about one kilometer, before discharging into the Salut Bay. The drainage pattern is presented in the Landuse Map (refer Figure 3 . 6 ~ ) . The groundwater level is about 60 metres below the land surface. MS Smart Recycling Sdn. Bhd. intends using groundwater as a source of water for the composting facility. The total consumption of water is estimated to be less than 50 m3 per day. During an interview conducted with the local residents of the nearby villages, the Environmental Consultant was informed that the local communities were not using Sg Salut or the groundwater for domestic or any other purposes. The villages located around the landfill site have potable water supplies from Jabatan Air Negeri Sabah, except Kampung Peniang. Kampung Peniang gets its water via a piped-gravity flow system from a stream that originates from the nearby mountain. LEACHATE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL A layout plan of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill showing the leachate treatment plant is presented in Figure 3.3. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 18 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah The leachate treatment system consists of a pumping station (Pump Pit No. l), a 3-stage Oxidation Pond, a second pump station (Pump Pit No. 2) located at the downstream end of the oxidation Pond, and a recirculation pumping main (63 mm diameter HDPE pipe) to recirculate about 25% of the treated effluent from Pump Pit No. 2 to the inlet of the Oxidation Pond. The Oxidation Pond is designed with 3 compartment/stages to enhance treatment effectiveness. The dividing walls of the oxidation pond compartments are constructed of reinfomed concrete. The Oxidation Pond had HDPE lining. An air blower and diffuser system supplies compressed air to the first compartment. During the Landfill site visit, it was observed that a steady flow of landfill leachate was being discharged to the Oxidation Pond. Quality of Raw Influent Leachate and Treated Leachate Effluent Raw leachate from the Landfill is discharged to the Oxidation Pond - refer Figure 3.10. The Oxidation Pond is divided into three(3) compartments and the leachate flows sequentially through the 3 compartments before being discharged into the unnamed effluent-receiving stream. Sampling of the influent leachate to the Oxidation Pond at Sampling Location W1 and the treated leachate effluent at Sampling Location W2 were performed on September 14, 2007 by the appointed SAMM accredited laboratory, Chemsain Konsultant Sdn Bhd - refer Figure 3.10 for sampling locations. The results of analysis of the influent and effluent samples are presented in Table 3.1. The wastewater sampling was performed to determine the treatment effectiveness of the Oxidation Pond and the status of compliance of the treated leachage with the Effluent Standard A parameter limits of the Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations 1979. The Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations, 1979 and the effluents standards therein are enforced by the Federal DOE throughout Malaysia with respect to industrial effluents discharged into inland waters. However, it should be noted that in Peninsular Malaysia, Effluent Standard A is applied to industrial effluent discharges located upstream of sources of public water supplies, whereas Effluent Standard B is applied to all other locations. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 19 CSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah A tale - FIGURE 3.10: LEACHATEAND STREAM WATER QUALITY MONITORING LOCATIONS: 14 SEPTEMBER 2007 Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 20 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Subah Table 3.1: Results of Sampling and Analysis of Raw and Treated Landfill Leachate: 14 September 2007 Parameter Section Three: Project Site Page 3- 21 GSR Environmentul Consultuncy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Based on the results of analysis of the influent leachate and effluent leachate presented in Table 3.1, it is clearly evident that the degree of treatment of leachate in the Oxidation Pond is relatively low. The data on the non-compliant leachate effluent parameters are summarized below: Effluent Parameter Effluent Concentration Effluent Standard A Parameter Limit BOD (5-Day, 20 OC), mg/L 229 20 COD,mg/L 1,739 50 Iron, mg/L 1.9 1.O Oil & Grease, mg/L 1.8 Not detectable - Note: Monitoring performed on 14 September 2007 The COD of the Oxidation Pond effluent (1,739 mg/L) is much higher than the influent (696 mgL) and this result is anomalous. The 18% BOD reduction from 278 mg/L to 229 mg/L indicates a gross lack of treatment effectiveness. The high influent and effluent ammoniacal nitrogen levels of 662 mg/L and 520 mg/L are also indicative of poor treatment effectiveness. The high dissolved oxygen concentration in the Oxidation Pond effluent (9.5 mg/L) may be an erroneous result, given that there is limited mechanical aeration in the Oxidation Pond. In conclusion, it can be inferred that despite the high pH of the Oxidation Pond effluent, biological treatment activity in the Oxidation Pond is considered minimal. Impact of Leachate Discharge on Effluent-ReceivingStream Inadequate treatment of landfill leachate is a potential cause of surface water contamination. The Salut River appeared to have a moderate flow volume and waste assimilative capacity. Compliance of the treated leachate with the Effluent Standard A parameter limits of the Federal DOE would prevent pollution of the Salut River. Treatment of the leachate to meet Effluent Standard A is currently a mandatory requirement. Ad hoc monitoring of the water quality of the unnamed effluent-receiving stream and the Salut h v e r were performed on September 14, 2007. Grab samples of the stream water were obtained at 3 strategic monitoring locations identified in Figure 3.10. The monitoring locations are as follows: Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 22 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Monitoring Location W3: Unnamed leachate effluent-receiving stream Monitoring Location W4: Salut hver, upstream of confluence with unnamed stream Monitoring Location W5:Salut River, downsream of confluence with unnamed stream The samples were analysed by the laboratory of Chemsain Konsultant. In situ testing was performed with respect to temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen. The results of analysis of the stream water quality samples are presented in the Table 3.2. Comprehensive analyses were performed on the water quality samples involving a complement of 27 pertinent water quality parameters. The analytical data and Certificates of Analysis are presented in ANNEX3. Class I11of the Interim National Water Quality Standards (INWQS) for Malaysia prescribes guideline water quality requirements for fishery classification. With the exception of BOD and ammoniacal-nitrogen, all other water quality parameters indicate that the water quality of the Salut River is generally suitable for fishery classification. The Interim National Water Quality Standards (JNWQS) is presented in Table 2.4. Given the acceptable level of dissolved oxygen in the Salut River, the relatively high BOD concentrations can be considered as inconsequential. However, ammoniacal-nitrogen is an important parameter as free ammonia is toxic to fish life. The ammoniacal-nitrogen levels ranging between 13 mg/L and 26 mg/L are extremely high relative to the recommended limit of 0.9 mg/L, indicating that this could be detrimental to fish life. The Landfill leachate is known to be a significant contributor of arnrnoniacal-nitrogen. The only surface water-related environmental issue that may need to be addressed is the occasional flooding that occurs in the low-lying areas near the Landfill during heavy rainfall. The flooding is due to flow impediment caused by the excessive growth of aquatic vegetation in the leachate-receiving stream. This unnamed stream did not appear to have any known beneficial water uses other than waste transport. Flooding is most likely to occur during the heavy rainfall periods of the monsoon seasons, especially the north-east monsoon season from October to December. Heavy rainfall is also known to occur during the south-west monsoon season from about May to June. The areas frequently subject to flooding are presently uninhabited areas that are covered with secondary vegetation. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 23 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 3.2: Prevailing Water Quality of Unnamed Leachate-Receiving Stream and Sungai Salut Water Quality Parameter Section Three: Project Site Page 3- 24 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn Bhd  EZA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION The Environmental Consultant was informed that the entire basin of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill was lined with a layer of relatively impermeable clay of about l m thickness. Only the length of the western perimeter of the Landfill, which consists of a constructed earth embankment, was lined with a combination of clay layer and HDPE sheeting. The HDPE liner was installed to enhance the structural integrity of the embankment as well as to prevent outward seepage of leachate. Given that 80% of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill is now filled with MSW up to the design level of 18m, while the other areas are covered with MSW to varying depths, it was not possible to examine the conditions of the landfill liner. The non-availability of detailed engineering drawings of the landfill also made it impossible to verify the extent of coverage of the liner or its effectiveness. Under these circumstances, groundwater monitoring data would be needed to determine the presence of any groundwater contamination. Unfortunately, three(3) groundwater monitoring wells installed at strategic locations relative to the landfill areas had been vandalized and were non-functional. The Environmental Consultant was therefore unable to conduct groundwater monitoring. The only available groundwater monitoring data is that for groundwater sampling at two(2) locations initiated by the DBKK in December 1997 - refer Figure 3.3 for the locations of groundwater monitoring wells that were installed). The 1997 groundwater monitoring results are presented in Table 3.3. Table 3.3: Results of Groundwater Monitoring by DBKK in December 1997 Parameter A relatively low level of groundwater contamination was evident at Location 1 as indicated by the COD and BOD concentration levels of 4 mgL and 3.3 mg/L, respectively. The groundwater contamination level was also relatively low at Location 2 as indicated by the COD concentration of 4 mg/L and a non-detectable BOD concentration. Ammoniacal nitrogen was not detectable at both monitoring locations. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 25 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah ODOUR EMISSION Detectable Landfill Odour in Residential and Institutional Areas The transient and perceptible odour detected at the Kayu Madang Landfill was generally found to be tolerable on the day of visit. However, landfill odour was also detectable at the main entrance of the Kota knabalu Polytechnic located about 1.75 km from the landfill site and was quite perceptible. The majority of the residents interviewed in the four(4) closest villages to the Landfill did not have any complaints about the landfill operations. The only complaints were from some residents of the Salut Village, which is located about 1.5 krn from the Landfill. The residents complained that after rainfall events fairly stronger malodour was detectable and the malodour situation was seasonal. Wind direction may also be influencing the intensity of the malodour experienced. The residents of the DBKK staff quarters located about 150 meters from the active landfill area were interviewed during the Landfill visit on 31 October 2007. The residents of two of the households stated that stronger malodour could be detected on rainy days, but they considered the malodour tolerable. They have not lodged any malodour complaints, but this may be attributable to the fact that some family members are employees of DBKK. DUST GENERATION Results of Ambient Dust Monitoring and Observations of Settled Dust On the day of visit to the Landfill site, dust generation appeared to be rather localized and due primarily to garbage trucks traversing on soil-exposed land surfaces. The transmission of dust to neighboring areas would largely depend on wind condition, especially wind direction relative to the receptor. At the time of visit to the Landfill, the extent of dust generation and transmission did not appear to be significant. There was evidence of some settled dust near the Off~ceof the MS Smart Sorting Plant, which is about 250 meters away from the Landfill active area. Observations during the 2ndLandfill visit on 31 October 2007 showed the presence of settled dust in and around the workers' quarters which are situated at a distance of about 90 meters north of the MS Smart Office and about 150 meters east of the landfill active area. These workers' quarters constitute the nearest residential area to the Landfill. Ambient dust levels were monitored at two(2) selected locations (refer Figure 3.11), as follows: Monitoring Location A1 : Near the Landfill active area, and Monitoring Location A2 : Near the Sorting Plant Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 26 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The concentration levels of Total Suspended Particulates (TSP) at the two(2) locations were relatively low; the measured 24-hour average dust levels were 12.3 pg/~m3and 23.3 CLg/Nm3.These TSP concentration levels are well within the Malaysian Guideline Standard of 260 CLg/Nm3 recommended as the Ambient Dust Concentration Limit for residential areas. The Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG) is presented in Table 2.2. The distances of the four(4) closest villages to the Landfill site (Kg. Lapasan, Kg. Lubang, Kg. Peniang and Kg. Salut) range between 500 meters and 1.5 krn. Since the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill is situated in a valley surrounded by hills and secondary forested areas, a natural buffer exists to prevent dust from being transported to these residential areas. The village residents interviewed did not attest to any complaints of dust nuisance attributable to the landfill operations. The residents of the DBKK staff quarters interviewed also did not attest to any dust nuisances (this could be due to employment of family members by DBKK). NOISE EMISSION Sources of Noise Emission and Monitored Noise Levels Noise emission due to the tipping trucks that transport garbage to the site and earth-moving machinery was observed to be of low level and intermittent. The nearest external village to the Landfill site is the Salut Village located about 1.5 kilometer away. However, the nearest residents are those of the DBKK staff quarters located about 150 meters from the active Landfill area. Noise at the landfill site is generated by the tipping trucks, the bulldozer and the compactor. The source of noise emission from the landfill site is mainly vehicular noise and generated intermittently. The measured 8-hour average noise levels (Leq) at the Monitoring Locations N1 (near the Landfill active area) and N2 (near the Sorting Plant) are presented in Table 3.4 below, together with the Maximum Permissible Sound Levels (LAeq)that are presently applied in the State of Sabah for mixed residential areas, i.e,residential-commercial areas. Table 3.4: Measured Noise Levels at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Day Time Night Time (7:OO am - 10:OO pm) (10:OO pm - 7:00 am) Monitoring Location Measured Maximum Measured Maximum Average Noise Permissible Noise Permissible Level (L,), dB(A) Sound Level Level (L,), dB(A) Sound Level (LAea),dB(A) LA^,,), dB(A) Nl 56.7 49.7 60 50 N2 59.0 45.9 Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 27 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah FIGURE 3.11: AMBIENT AIR AND NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS Section Three: Project Site Page 3- 28 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EU: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah The average day time noise level measured near the Landfill active area, 56.7 dB(A), is marginally below the Maximum Permissible Sound Level of 60 dB(A) for mixed residential-commercial areas. The monitoring location N1 is about 150 meters from the nearest point of the worker's quarters; therefore the noise level at the worker's quarters can be expected to be several dB(A) lower than that measured at N1 due to the effect of attenuation. The average day time noise level measmd near the Sorting Plant boundary, 59.0 dB(A), is also marginally below the Maximum Permissible Sound Level of 60 dB(A) for mixed residential-commercial areas. The monitoring location N2 is about 120 meters from the nearest point of the worker's quarters; therefore the noise level at the worker's quarters can be expected to be several dB(A) lower than that measured at N2 due to the effect of attenuation. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT The Proposed Project Site has been disturbed for the implementation of the Kayu Madang Sanitary landfill ten years ago. The Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill has been operating in this area since 1997. There is no natural vegetation or wildlife within the Project Area. The areas surrounding the Project Site are primarily disturbed secondary forest dominated mainly by the Acacia community, disturbed seasonaI freshwater swamp vegetation, flowering plants and ferns. Based on the species inventoried during the HA study conducted for the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill, none of the plant community species are endemic or endangered. The Project Area can be considered a disturbed environment ever since the opening of the landfill in 1997. Land clearance and human activities in the landfill have caused most of the terrestrial fauna to migrate to other areas. Based on previous studies, the fauna in the vicinity of the Project Area are generally amphibians such as frogs, reptiles - mostly snakes, birds, and mammals such as bats and squirrels. The human activity and transport movement which cause noise at the Project Site are factors that ward off wild animals especially human-shy birds and animals. It is thus not surprising that animals have moved away or have not established their populations in the Project Area. SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF LOCAL COMMUNITIES The population density surrounding the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill area is low and is mostly in scattered villages around the Project Area. Apart from the villages, DBKK has provided living quarters for the landfill workers and their families. The quarters consist of 3 blocks buildings with a total of 18 housing units. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 29 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The quarters are served with public water supplies, and each housing unit has sanitation facilities consisting of a toilet and shower unit. The toilets are connected to septic tanks that discharge to the unnamed stream. The quarters are located approximately 200 meters fiom the Landfill area and about 100 meters fiom the proposed composting facility. Residents of DBKK Staff Quarters The City Hall has provided 18 housing units in 3 buildings for the landfill site personnel and their families. The housing quarters are located approximately 100 meters fiom the MS Smart Sorting Plant Office and about 150 meters from the Proposed Composing Facility. The following is a summary of the findings of interviews with the residents of 3 households out of the total of 11that were occupied at the time of the Landfill visit on 31 October 2007: Total number of housing units within the DBKK Staff Quarters : 18 Number of housing units occupied : 11 Number of housing units vacant : 7 Total number of residents : 55 (est.) Number of men : 13 Number of women : 15 Number of children (between age range of 3 to 17 years) : 27 The quarters are served with city piped water supplies. Toilets and bath are provided in every unit. Domestic sewage is treated in central septic tank system. No major health issues experienced by the residents, except for two cases of dengue fever in the past 3 years. No complaints of odour, dust or pest. Occurrence of mosquito nuisance is slightly higher during the rainy season. Odour is seasonal depending on wind direction and is stronger during the rainy season. The panel hospital is Queen Elizabeth Hospital - records could not made available to the consultants due to confidentiality policies practiced by the medical institutions. The residents have no complaints about living there. The residents did not indicate that they would like to move from the present site. When posed with the question of the possibility of relocating to an area away from the landfill, they indicated that they would prefer somewhere nearby because most of them do not have their own transport to travel to work at the landfill site. Section Three: Project Site Page 3- 30 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Local Communities surrounding the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Area The four(4) closest villages to the active landfill area of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill (refer Figure 3.6) were identified and visits made to interview some of their residents, as part of the field observations. Relevant information on the villages visited is presented in the Table below: Name of Village Estimated Population ApproximateDistance to the Project Site Kampung Lapasan 200-250 1 km Kampung Lubang 80 0.50 km Kampung Peniang 100 1.5 km Kampung Salut 100 1.5 km The following is a brief presentation of the socio-economic conditions of the four (4) villages visited: Kampung Lapasan: Kampung Lapasan is the largest village that is in close proximity to the Landfill site and has approximately 200-250 residents. The major ethnic groups that reside here are Bajau, Dusun and Kadazan. The residents in Kampung Lapasan are mainly farmers, factory workers, fishermen, scavengers at the landfill, landfill employees, government agency employees and some are self-employed. The majority of the residents living in this village earn less than RM 300.00 a month. The remaining residents earn monthly wages of between RM 300.00 and RM500.00. The level of education in this village is fairly moderate with the majority of the younger generation having either completed secondary school education or lower secondary school education. Most of the residents above the age of 50 did not have any formal education. The nearest secondary school is located about 12 km from this village. Kampune Lubang: Kampung Lubang has a population of about 80 residents. The ethnic majority in the village is Bajau. Most of the residents are self-employed; some operate their own food and fruit stalls alongside the main road, whilst the others are farmers or scavengers at the landfill. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 31 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EM: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah The individual monthly income levels of the residents of this local community ranged between RM 200.00 and RM 500.00, while the majority earned less then RM 300.00 per month. The level of education in this village is low with the majority of the population not having completed a secondary school education. Most of the residents above the age of 50 years did not have any formal education. Kampung Peniang: Kampung Peniang has a population of about 100 residents. Most of the residents are either farmers, or employees of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill and factories in the neighbourhood, while a few are also self-employed. The major ethnic groups in this village are Dusun and Bajau. The average monthly income level in this community is approximately RM 300.00 to RM 500.00. The younger population had a fair level of education with most of them having studied at least till upper the secondary school level. Most of the residents above the age of 50 in this village did not have any formal education. Kampung Salut: Kampung Salut is located about 1.5 km from the landfill site and has a population of approximately 100-150 people. Most of the people of this village have moved out to other areas. Many of those remaining also expressed a desire to move out. Interviews with some of the residents indicated that they are moving out due to recurrent flooding during the heavy rainfall. The residents here are an ethnic mix of Kadazan, Dusun, Bajau and Jawa. The monthly incomes in this local community vary between RM 300.00 and RM 500.00. As in the case of the other villages, the general population has a fair level of education with most of them having studied at least till the upper secondary school level. Most of the residents above the age of 50 in this village did not have any formal education. The Four surrounding villages have electricity and telephone lines. These villages have potable water supplies from Jabatan Air Negeri Sabah, except Kampung Peniang. Kampung Peniang gets its supply of water via a piped-gravity flow system, from a stream that originates from the nearby mountain. The local clinics within 5 krn. of the 4 four villages are the Telipok Health Clinic, Luyang Health Clinic, and Tuaran Health Clinic. The closest school is located in the town of Telipok and is less than 5 km to these villages. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 32 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah FISHERIES Land-Based Aquaculture Projects The closest land-based aquaculture project to the Project Site is at the Salut Bay, about 1.5 km away. The above aquaculture project uses sea water for the aquaculture ponds which is taken from the Salut Bay. Other aquaculture ponds located near the Project Site have all been abandoned and are no longer operational Marine-Based Fisheries and Aquaculture Projects There are also no marine-based aquaculture activities. Marine-based subsistence fishing is the only form of fishing within a 5 Krn radius of the Project Site. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY The closest farm that is currently in operation is a pig farm located approximatelyl.5 km from the Project Site. Other chicken farms closer to the Project Site have been abandoned and no longer in operation. Section Three: Project Site Page 3 - 33 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION 4 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE SOURCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTES RECEIVED Sourcesof wastes The MSW from the district of Kota Kinabalu is collected by DBKK. The collected MSW is brought to the sanitary landfill in Kayu Madang, Telipok, which is also operated by DBKK. The Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill receives wastes from three other neighbouring districts. These districts, namely Kota Belud, Penampang and Tuaran have their own local councils collecting and transporting the waste to the landfill. The districts of Tuaran and Kota Belud have their own landfills. Some areas in these two districts dispose their MSW at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill as it is closer than their own landfill. Figure 4.1 presents the map of the districts where the MSW is collected and sent to the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill for final disposal. The average l t l y &tks of waste rmxivab at tht Project %be mIlbckdby thaCity Hall, Local councils and private oaanpollw h ntbet various amrs an presmhd in the Table 4.1. Table 4.2 pmsenb th and gbpnlrticmoftbsee distlicts. Tabk 4.1: MSW Coyacted by t4e vatIolg l L 6 d wnndls Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu , 230 trucb 2 Majlis Daerah Kota Belud trucks 14 5 3 Majlis Daerah Tuaran trucks 4 1 4 Majlis Daerah Penampang 60 18 Private trucks (fiom KKIP, 5 122 75 institutions,constructionsites etc) Total 430 160 Section Four: Municipal Solid Waste Page 4 1- GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah I FIGURE -... JISTRICT MAP Not to Scale I Section Four: Municipal Solid Waste Page 4 - 2 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 4.2: Population and area of the 4 districts City or Town Population Area in sq. km. Kota Kinabalu City 305,129* 400,000** Kota Kinabalu District 351 (estimated) Kota Belud District 72,337* 1,385 Tuaran District 94,100 ** 1,166 Penampang District 132,002* 466 Source: Statistics Dept of Malaysia * - Year 2000 ** - Year 2006(population outside the KK City) Characteristics of incoming MSW The amount of MSW collected daily from the residences, commercial area, industrial areas, institutions and markets is between 400 and 470 tomes. Approximately 85% of the total wastes are domestic, commercial and market waste. The composition of MSW received at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill is presented in Table 4.3. Table 4.3: Composition of MSW received at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Organic Other Inert Item Paper Class Plastics Metals matter recyelables Material Percent 60 3 1 3 2.5 0.5 30 (Yo) Quantity 258 12.9 4.3 12.9 10.75 2.15 129 (tonlday) Source: MS Smart Recycling Sdn.Bhd. Currently, the incoming MSW collected from the residential areas are sent to the Sorting Plant for the recovery of recyclables. Table 4.4 presents the breakdown of the recyclables recovered at the Sorting Plant for the April 2007-April 2008 period. The total amount of recyclables for these 12 months was 3,201 tons. This is equivalent to 267 tonslmonth or 10.67 tonslday (based on actual operating data of 300 operating dayslyear). The total recyclables recovered at the Sorting Plant ranged from 3.92% to 5.52% of the incoming MSW, with an average of 4.84%. LPDE, plastic blow, iron scrap, and plastic PET altogether contributed to 4.40% of the incoming MSW. The MSW from the commercial, institutional, market, construction and industrial areas are disposed off at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The waste pickers at the landfill collect a portion of valuable waste manually. There is no accurate data about the quantity of waste sorted and collected by these scavengers. Section Four: Municipal Solid Waste Page 4 3- GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah = Table 4.4; Recyclables Recovered at the Sorting Plant for the April 2007-April 2008 Period - re-' t "Ifoli Hastk Wask' 11 . - Mtxed Bafi- - ' Wire PC TOTAL Brass A6 steel + PP % s!rted i:put coil ery board RECYCL. RECYCL. ----C__- -----L--------- - -- Mar-08 5,729 286 5,443 55.68 54.65 65.61 2.85 1.03 0.19 0.81 0.58 0.23 0.99 0.23 10.52 105.12 11.65 0.10 310.24 5.42 -. Feb-08 5,131 257 4,874 50.53 46.62 56.44 2.74 1.04 0.19 0.80 0.72 0.22 1.12 0.22 9.40 93.32 8.56 0.10 272.02 5.30 Jan-08 5,909 295 5,614 54.25 49.40 68.49 2.50 1.33 0.29 1.00 0.72 0.30 1.37 0.38 13.52 85.36 11.32 0.09 290.33 4.91 Dec-07 4,788 239 4.549 45.54 41.49 59.17 2.07 1.29 0.20 0.76 0.77 0.19 1.26 0.24 11.40 11.87 11.52 187.76 3.92 Nov-07 5,238 262 4,976 55.78 51.45 65.34 2.44 (1.26 0.21 0.84 0.87 0.20 1.33 0.29 6.37 8.41 17.81 212.60 4.06 013-07 5,484 274 5,210 025 0.88 0.83 0.22 1.56 0.32 6.99 1.07 8.15 201.01 3.67 -pppp ~ Sep-07 5,365 268 5.097 56.56 56.58 66.08 2.80 1.14 0.26 0.79 0.75 0.23 1.40 0.36 8.30 21.57 2.05 218.85 4.08 Aug-07 5,715 286 5,429 61.65 61.95 64.43 2.73 1.19 0.21 0.85 0.73 0.23 1.29 0.38 11.28 108.44 0.09 315.44 5.52 Jul-07 5,664 283 5.381 62.58 57.80 69.92 2.61 1.14 0.25 0.87 0.69 0.25 1.35 0.42 10.51 58.61 3.29 270.29 4.77 Jun-07 5,546 277 5,269 68.22 58.76 67.82 2.82 2 0.29 0.96 0.74 0.28 1.41 0.41 9.40 106.54 3.88 322.74 5.82 May-07 5.945 297 5,648 64.81 56.57 64.20 2.81 1.12 0.28 0.84 0.83 0.22 1.41 0.51 10.87 101.14 5.04 310.64 5.23 - ------------------- 58.26 51.09 56.42 2.54 0.96 0.23 0.67 0.59 0.23 1.19 0.41 13.24 95.91 7.45 289.18 5.17 TOTAL 66,105 3,305 62,800 691 638 771 32 14 3 10 9 3 16 4 122 797 39 52 3,201.09 ( % 100.00 5.00 95.00 1.05 0.97 1.17 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.18 1.21 0.06 0.08 - 4.84 - > Source: MS Smart Recycling Sdn.Bhd. Section Four: Municipal Solid Waste Page 4 4 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Once the Composting Plant is operational, all incoming MSW will be brought to the Sorting and Composting Plant. The garden waste will be sent to the Composting Plant. The inert material and the rejects from the SortingPlant and the CompostingPlant are expected to make up approximately 20% - 30% of the incoming MSW. These wastes will be disposed at the Kayu MadungSanitary Landfill. The construction waste will not be brought to the Sorting and Composting Plant and will be directly sent to the Kayu Madung Sanitary Landfill. Tires are also received at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill along with incoming MSW. The average quantity of tires received at the Sorting Plant per month is 155 tonnes, which is approximately 2.81% of the total incoming MSW at the Sorting Plant. Table 4.5 presents the quantity of tires received at the Sorting Plant during the months of June, July and August 2007. Table 4.5: Quantity of tires received at site June 2007 206 July 2007 194 I August 2007 I I I Source : MS Smart Recycling Sdn.Bhd. Apart from tires, the incoming MSW may contain some lead batteries and other hazardous material. The City Hall and local council personnel collecting MSW and personnel at the landfill conduct visual checks to ensure that hazardous wastes are not transported and disposed at the landfill. The incoming trucks, especially the privately owned vehicles, are checked before weighing and before they enter the landfill site. However DBKK indicated that some hazardousmaterial may enter the landfill when comingled with the MSW. When the Composting Plant is operational, all incoming waste will be sent to the Sorting Plant. The reception area for the MSW will also have an inspection step to remove and segregate all hazardous waste from the MSW before the start of the sorting process. Any comingled hazardous waste can also be easily identified and removed as bags carrying the waste and bulked waste will be spread out on the sorting conveyor to enhance the segregation. This step will also aid in preventing hazardous waste from being disposed at the landfill. All hazardous waste must be stored and sent to an offsite recovery facility or Scheduled waste treatment facility. Section Four: Municipal Solid Waste Page 4 -5 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah WASTE COLLECTION, TRANSFER, AND TRANSPORTATION MSW collection, transportation and disposal service throughout the Kota Kinabalu city is managed by Health and Urban Services Department of the Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu or Kota Kinabalu City Hall (DBKK). The collection of MSW, from house to house in Kota Kinabalu district, is carried out daily in the commercial areas and three times a week in the residential areas. The rating area includes Kota Kinabalu, Tanjung Am, Jalan Penampang to Lido, Likas, Inanam, Menggatal, Telipok and the shops. DBKK has 60 vehicles including compactor trucks, "roll on-roll off' bins lorries and open trucks operating within the Kota Kinabalu district. The rate payers in the residential areas buy their own bins. Some commercial areas provide their own bins, but others (including the market) are provided with 1000-litre bins by the DBKK or the "roro" bins. The DBKK provides communal bins to less accessible villages including the squatter areas within Kota IGnabalu. These bins are emptied twice a week by the rubbish collector. The local councils of the districts of Kota Belud, Penampang and Tuaran have their own collecting vehicles to transport the MSW for final disposal at the Kayu Madang Sanitary landfill. The MSW laden vehicles arrive at the landfill site between 5 a.m. and 12 a.m. Currently, there is no segregation of the MSW at source. Since there are no regulations imposed on how wastes are segregated, none of the Councils compel residents to separate their rubbish. However, some non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Sabah have started awareness programs to encourage people segregate MSW at homes. There are no transfer stations for MSW in the State of Sabah. Open burning of the incoming MSW at the landfill is prohibited by the Department of Environment. DBKK also confirmed that incoming MSW is not burned at the landfill. The MSW received at the landfill site has been increasing over the last year. The average MSW received at the landfill from Mar 2006 to December 2006 was 403 Tonnes as compared to the period, January to August 2007, when the average MSW received daily was 463 Tonnes. The State of Sabah had 20 days in the year 2006 as public holidays. The four main holiday seasons in Sabah are the following; Harvest festival 30' and 31"of May every year; Hari Raya Aidilfitri 24thand 25'h of October 2006 (dates vary every year): Christmas 25'h December every year and; Chinese New Year 29'hand 301hJanuary 2007 (dates vary every year). Based on the weighbridge information from the landfill, it can be concluded that there is minimum effect on the quantity of MSW generated in Sabah due to the above four holiday seasons. The collected MSW weighed at the weighbridge of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill for the last 18 months is presented in the Table 4.6. Table 4.6 shows that on the average 68% of the incoming MSW is domestic waste. Section Four: Municipal Solid Waste Page 4 6- GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Table 4.6: Average MSW received at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill Holiday Seasons in Sabah Section Fouc Municipal Solid Waste Page 4 7 - GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION 5 DESCWPTION OF PLANT OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION Over a decade ago, many countries joined an international treaty known as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (WNFCCC), to initiate the process of finding solutions to reduce global warning and to cope with whatever temperature increases that are inevitable. More recently, a number of nations have approved an addition to the treaty; the Kyoto Protocol, which has more powerhl and legally binding measures. It is an international treaty dealing with greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. The treaty was negotiated in Kyoto, Japan and adopted on 11 December 1997. The six greenhouse gases targeted includes: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, HFCs, and PFCs. Open dumps and landfill sites are a major source of the greenhouse gases (methane and carbon diaxih). These gases are released when organic waste in landfills decomposes. The effective management of methane is important, as it is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming capability over 21 times that of carbon dioxide. The Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant Project (KKSCP) will qualify for carbon credits resulting from activities that reduce methane emissions from the landfill. The required reduction of greenhouse gases can be achieved through composting of organic fraction of municipal solid waste. The main purpose of the project is to implement composting of municipal solid waste to reduce releases of harmful gases, leachate and some odor from the landfill, and to improve working conditions for the scavengers on the landfill. Composting will also extend the life of the landfill. The proposed Sorting and Composting Facility has the capacity to treat 500 Tonnes per Day (TPD) of incoming Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) from the City of Kota Kinabalu and three nearby districts. The composting facility will treat the organic fraction of the incoming MSW and will complement the existing sorting operations to remove the recyclable components, and the final disposal in the Landfill, for non recoverable items. The facility currently operates between 7 am and 6 pm and about 300 days per year. When the Composting plant becomes operational the working hours will be increased to a 16 hour 2- shift operation. The Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant Project have essentially two major sub- facilities namely the Sorting Facility and the Composting Facility. The Sorting facility was constructed and has been in operation since April 2006. Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 1 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah SORTING FACILITY (Existing) The Sorting Facility, which receives mixed MSW, is designed to separate out designated recyclable materials through a combination of manual and mechanical sorting. The sorted recyclable materials may undergo further processing to meet their respective technical specifications established by end-markets, while the balance of the mixed waste stream which contains a highly organic fraction; along with the Sorting Facility rejects are currently sent to the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill for disposal. However, in the future, this highly organic fraction will be composted at the Composting Facility. Figure 5.1 presents the schematic of the Sorting Facility installed at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The primary processes at the Sorting Facility are as follows; 1. MSW Receiving and Storage 2. MSW Feeding and Pre-sorting 3. Recyclables and Organics Sorting and Storage 4. Rejects, Organics, and Recyclables Transfer The layout of the Sorting Facility is presented in the Figure 5.16. The Sorting Facility has three separate parallel lines. This arrangement allows operation of the Sorting Facility In the event of a breakdown of one of the lines. The following are the main equipment installed at the Sorting Facility: Skid loaders bobcats 5 nos. Feeding belt conveyor 3 nos. Bag breaker 3 nos. Primary trommel screens 3nos. Main sorting station conveyor 3nos. Overhead belt magnet 3x10s. Secondary trornrnel screens 3x10s. Metal press 2 no. Light recyclable baler 1 no. Final product conveyor 2 nos. Forklifts 2 nos. Wheel loader 1 no. Tractors with bins to transport rejects 1 no. The Plant layout of the Sorting Facility is presented in the Plates 5.14 and Plates 5.15 Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 - 2 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd   EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah MSW Receiving and Storage The all incoming MSW-laden trucks are inspected at the entrance of the facility. Inspection of the trucks is carried out to check the contents and ensure the trucks entering are not carrying hazardous waste, such as hospital, scheduled industrial or chemical wastes. Accepted trucks will be weighed and recorded. Currently, only trucks carrying MSW collected from residential areas are sent to the Sorting facility. The MSW is unloaded on the tipping floor of the waste reception area (refer Plate 5.2). Currently, all other waste trucks are sent directly to the landfill for final disposal. When the composting Facility is commissioned, the commercial waste will also be sent to the Sorting Facility, while the yard /garden waste will be sent directly to the Composting Facility. The floor of the waste reception area is paved with concrete slabs and has a roof cover. The storage capacity of the waste reception area is designed to hold up to 400 MT of MSW. Retaining walls of 3m height are provided on either side of the reception area to contain the MSW and prevent it fkom being blown by the wind. Reception area of the Sorting Facility. MSW Feeding and Pre-sorting Skid steer loaders (Bobcats) feed the waste from the tipping floor to one of the 3 feeding conveyors. (Refer Plate 5.3). Pre-sorting of waste is performed manually by two workers, one at each side of the feeding conveyor and before the bag breaker (slicer) to remove the following: a. Rubber tires and batteries. b. Large textiles such as carpets, blankets, etc. c. Cardboard sheets and boxes (Fig. 5.4), which are then baled. Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 - 4 GSR Environmental Consultancy S d n Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Tefipok,Sabah Plate 5.3: Loading MSW using Bobcats Ple3a $4: fkrdbosrd bms b e f m haccmuponemt from the Bag Breaker. The plastic bags containing MSW are tom and their contents spread out by a bag breaker installed after the feeding conveyor on each of the three lines. The distance between the bag breaker's knives and the feeding conveyor controls the distribution of waste and the rate of waste flow. The larger particles of the waste are separated from the fine organic material at 3cm by the primary trornmel screen located at each of the three lines (refer Plate 5.5 and Plate 5.6). The organic fines are temporarily stored (refer Plate 5.9). Currently the organic fraction is sent to the landfill. However, in the future when the Composting Facility is commissioned, the organic fraction will be transferred to the composting area. Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 5 - GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah P m View of the Bag Breaker and the Primary Trommel Screen Plate 5.6: View inside the Trommel Screen Recyclables and Organics Sorting and Storage The oversize particles (>3 cm) from the primary trornmel screen is then transferred to three sorting conveyors arranged in parallel. Each conveyor supports 9 stations for the recyclables that are manually sorted (refer Plate 5.7 and Plate 5.8). Each line has 21 workers, and each station specializes in sorting and removing one of the following materials: o Low density polyethylene (film) o High-density plastic Section Five: Descriptionof Plant Operations Page 5- 6 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah o Non-ferrous metals o Ferrous metals 0 pzvper o Bottle a:.+ 0 -Others - - - ..* Plates 5.7 & 5.8 :View of the 3 Sorting lines A magnetic belt, installed before the last station, removes steel objects. The recyclables are collected in bins and baled by a baler at frequent intervals. The non-metal recyclables (cardboard, paper, textile, plastic b d e s (refer Flutes 5.9 to 5.13)) are baled by bale press. The non ferrous recyclablesare pressed by a metal press into cubes. The covered storage area for recyclables can hold about 300 MT. The baling machines and the metal presses reduce the volume of the stored material considerably.The collected plastic bags and films are transferred to a Plash Washing area where they are cleaned. All processing areas at the Sorting Facitity, except for plastics washing and storage area are covered under a roof. Plate 5.9: Organic fraction (fines) from the first trommel screen - 7 - Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota KinabaluSorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah rrace: 3.1~:rlasnc dottles r'rw: a. L U ~ ~ I I Ucans ~ Plate: 5.12: Transparent Plastic bags Plate: 5.13:'Mixed Plastic bags The remaining waste material fiom each manual sorting line is screened by the respective secondary trommel screen at10 cm, to separate the reject matter (>lo cm) from the organic matter ( 4 0 cm). The rejects from the secondary trornmel screen are collected by the collecting conveyor and transferred to a continuous baler to be baled and tied using steel wires. The organic fraction from the secondary trommel screens are transferred by conveyors onto the waiting trucks (refer Plate 5.9). Currently, the trucks transport the organic fraction to the landfill site. However, in the future, this fraction will be sent to the Composting Facility. Rejects, Organics, and Recyclable Transfer The reject bales are transferred to the landfill site by trucks. The organic materials are transferred to the composting area by specially built trucks (with the commissioning of the Composting Facility). The recyclables are sent by truck/ship to the market for sale. Section Five: Descriptionof Plant Operations Page 5 -8 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah I - . - Final Trommel Screen ' Breaker Figure 5.14: Plan View of the Sorting Facility Trommel Screen -~p!*Y~-*-!!z&m I/ I I UECHn*Kal SYSTEU YIU-.-.maaruu, GENERAL ARRAN(IEUEIIT I ! SoRmo. -TIlO .39mCYQI(O Wn I /\.I Section Five: Descriptionof PIant Operations Page 5 9 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd   YVQVS ' y o d j ~ a ~~uvldBupsodwo3 jv puv 8up~o.ynlvqvu'y woy:y ~ g  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah COMPOSTING FACILITY (Proposed) Compost is a valuable resource offering significant agricultural and environmental benefits because of its unique characteristics, which can offer significant retums in the form of increased crop yields and improved quality of produce. The benefits fkom using compost include improved soil moisture, nutrient retention and buffering capacity. The following are the advantages of using compost; Compost is full of nutrients and trace elements essential for healthy plant growth. As it breaks down, nutrients are released, providing a "slow release fertilizer" for plants. This reduces the need to use synthetic fertilizers (significant pollutants themselves) by returning valuable nutrients to the soil. Retention of more nutrients provides better use of fertilizers resulting in reduced leaching and improved buffering capacity, allowing for healthier soils that are more resistant to acidification. a Compost improves soil structure resulting in increased water holding capacity of the soil. This reduces the irrigation needs of farms and addressing any water shortage problems. Improved soil moisture retention can increase yields in broad-acre crops and improve water use efficiency in irrigated crops. Compost improves soil microbial activity, which potentially reduces the incidence of plant root diseases. Relatively small quantities of compost can significantly increase soil organic matter (carbon) levels. For example, if 12.5tof compost is applied to a hectare of soil that has 1% organic carbon, then the soils' organic carbon content will increase by around 25%. Large scale adoption of compost on farms has significant benefits for the community. Compost has the ability to retain nutrients which means less nutrients flow into groundwater, streams and rivers resulting in less pollution of our water ways. So by recycling waste into compost, and using this on farms, we are not only solving landfill issues, but reducing a major pollutant to our water ways. The following are the main equipment for the Composting Facility; 1. Wood chipper 1 no. 2. Compost turning machine 1 no. 3. Water addition unit 1 no. 4. Final trornmel screen lno. 5. Feed screen conveyor Ino. 6. Reject conveyor 1 no. 7. Compost collection conveyor 1 no. The Plant layout of the Composting Facility is presented in the Figure 5.17. Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 - 12 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn Bhd   EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Production Process The organic fraction of MSW from the Sorting Facility as well as the incoming yardgarden waste is dumped directly on the compost pads until the windrow dimensions are reached. These organic wastes are mixed by front end loader to form the windrows. Windrow composting is the simplest, cheapest and most proven of all cornposting methods. The dimensions of the windrows for composting the organic fraction of the MSW will be 1.5 rn high, 3.6 m. wide and a length of approximately 100 m. A minimum number of 60 windrows are required to process 300 tonnes per day of organic fraction of the incoming MSW. The 300 tonnes per day is based on the 60% organic content of the incoming MSW received at the Sorting Facility, which has a maximum capacity of 500 tonnes per day of MSW. The total area for the Composting plant is estimated to be 14.5 acres. The air permeable geo-textile sheets will be used to cover the windrows during the composting of the organic fraction of the MSW at the Composting Facility. This geo-textile cover will prevent surface run-off from being contaminated with the in-process compost. A typical Composting Facility is presented in Plate 5.18. Plate: 5.18: View of a Composting Facility The parameters that play a significant role in producing good quality of compost are oxygen level, water (humidity) and temperature. An unbalanced source of organic materials or nutrient balance, not enough oxygen, or too much or too little water can result in the production of foul odours and other undesirable compounds that can result in an inferior compost product. The nutrient balance of carbon to nitrogen is critical in the production of compost. Carbon makes up about 50% of the cells of the fungi and bacteria involved in composting. Nitrogen is essential for protein synthesis and cell growth. The typically recommended C/N ratio for cornposting MSW is 25:l to 40:l by weight. Lower ratios result in excess nitrogen which will accelerate the process and use up the available oxygen. Anaerobic conditions will then exist which will generate unpleasant odors. Excess nitrogen will also be converted to ammonia gas that will compound odor problems. Section Five: Descriptionof PlantOperations Page 5- 14 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah At higher ratios there is insufficient nitrogen for cell growth and the process slows as the bacteria population cannot reach its optimum size. In the event, the incoming wastes contains high nitrogen material like yard or garden waste then high carbon material like saw dust and wood chips will be added to the windrows to maintain the C/Nratio. The site for the windrows will be suitably designed to prevent leachate penetration to ground water. There will also be adequate above ground drainage and storm water retention to prevent heavy downpours washing nutrient rich leachate into surface water. Water is added to keep the humidity ratio at 60% at the start of the aerobic composting process. The rate of digestion and maturation is the highest at this ratio. The moisture content will be maintained at 55% through the first two weeks, after which it will stabilize between 50% and 55% for the rest of composting period. The in-process windrows are arranged by compost turning machines (Refer Plate 5.19 and Plate 5.20). The windrow must be turned occasionally. A two meter space is left between each two windrows to allow the passage of equipment in between. These compost turning machines provide the oxygen necessary for the digestion process; maintain temperature within the windrow as well as to mill and increase the homogeneity of the residues to expose more surface area for bacteria activity. Windrows are turned by "rolling" the windrow. A new windrow is built along one side of a site. As it matures and is turned, it moves toward the far side of the site. Tht mlkq ammimntcrid ftamthe hottamof the windrow to the top and the material on the cmlddet o h Phtk 519 45.30: Compost Turning machine As composting progresses the m s and v o h w af material reduces and the windrows get smaller. This is because up to 50% of thc mass is kat as carbon dioxide and water vapor and the bulk density i n c w a h m typidly 5$Ok#m3 to 1000kg/m3. When this occurs, the two windrows are combi~edtogether into ane windrow.As the windrows temperature goes down, the rate of decomposih alao slows don. The windrows will have to be turned to reactivate the decomposition pmxss. When rise fn temperatureis not more 5OC above the ambient even after turning, it is deemed that the active composting is complete. Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 - 15 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EL4: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah The turning process typically lasts for a period of about 30 days for complete fermentation i.e. the transformation of organic material in the incoming MSW to compost. After the fermentation period, two fermentation windrows will be consolidated into one maturation windrow using loaders for about 30 days. The site will be on a suitably surfaced to prevent leachate penetration into the groundwater. During the maturation period, the piles will be covered by air-permeable geotextile sheets to prevent surface runoff from being contaminated with the in-process compost. Drainage/stormwater management measures will be used to prevent surface waterlgroundwater contamination. After maturation period, Skid steer loaders feed compost to the screening units to separate fine compost as presented in Plate 5.21. The compost will either be sent for packing or transferred directly to the storage under roof cover, ready for delivery to buyers who buy in bulk. The compost will packed in 25-kilogram bags and placed on pallets before transferring the pallets to the storage area. These 25 kilogram bags are meant for retail sales. The moisture content of the ready compost is about 25- 35%, which is suitable for storing compost. The some coarse compost is added back to a fresh windrow as it works as an initiator and activator to start the compost process on the new windrow. The rejects are transferred to the landfill for final disposal. The rejects removed from matured compost using a tromrnel screen include plastic, glass, metal, textiles, brick, concrete, asphalt, stone, and other inorganic wastes. Periodical analysis-during the fermentation and maturation phases ensures high quality of compost. Plate: 5.21: Final separation Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 - 16 GSREnvironmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah The temperature of windrows is to be recorded daily in the first week, then every two or three days. This will ensure consistent quality due the good uniform curing of the compost. The quality of the compost is controlled by ensuring the turning process maintains the temperature and the oxygen level. The constant monitoring of the windrows temperature will indicate when windrow temperature has started reducing, due to the rate of decomposition slowing down; the windrows will have to be turned to reactivate the decomposition process. When the rise in temperature is not more 5OC above the ambient even after the turning process, it is deemed that the active cornposting is complete. The storage area for the compost will be protected by a roof cover and will have storm water drains. The layout of the Cornposting Facility is presented in the Figures 5.17 and 5.22. The covered storage area for compost will able to store about 1200 MT. The Project Proponent will be signing an agreement with DBKK to purchase all the compost produced on site. Exuected Com~ostOualitv and Market There are no standards for the quality of compost in Malaysia. The Project Proponent should follow established industry standards e.g. British Standards Institute's specification for composts, BSI PAS 100 that was established by the British Composting Association.(The key parameters for the BSI specification for compost quality is presented in Table 5.1). The specification covers the entire process; from raw materials, production !and testing methods, through quality control and lab testing ensuring certified composts are quality assured, traceable, safe and reliable. The Project Proponent will also be working closely with University Malaysia Sabah (UMS) Link on improving agricultural yield and quality using compost. UMS Link will be monitoring the quality of the compost on a regular basis. The compost may contain trace quantities of contaminants in the form of heavy metals; mercury, lead, cadmium, copper and chromium. However, these heavy metals in the compost are expected to be within acceptable limits, as stipulated in the BSI PAS 100, as the Sorting process before the composting is expected to remove the sources of these contamination. The Project Proponent will be signing a contract with the Kota Kinabalu City Hall (DBKK) to buy all the compost produced at the Plant. A Market Survey for compost is currently being prepared by the Project Proponent. Section Five: Descriptionof Plant Operations Page 5 - 17 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Table 5.1 : Minimum Compost Quality for General Use Parameter Test Methods Unit / Upper limit Pathogens Salmonellas p ~ 1 ABPR 2003, schedule 2, part I1 125g fresh mass I Absent Potentially Toxic Elements Cadmium (Cd) I BS EN 13650 1mg kg -1 dry matter 1.5 1 (soluble in aqua regia) Chromium (Cr) I BS EN 13650 1mg kg - 1 dry matter 100 (soluble in aqua regia) Copper (Cu) BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 200 (soluble in aqua regia) Lead (Pb). BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 200 . (soluble in aqua regia) mercury (Hg) BS IS0 16772 mg kg -1dry matter 1.O Nickel (Ni) BS EN 13650 mg kg -1 dry matter 50 (soluble in aqua regia) Zinc (Zn) EN 13650 mg kg - 1 dry matter 400 (soluble in aqua regia) Stability/maturity Microbial respiration rate I ORG0020 Img C02Ig organic matterlday 16 Plant response Germination and BSI PAS 100: 2005, Annex D Reduction in germination of plants 20 growth test in amended compost as % of Igerminated plants in peat control 1 1Description of any visible No 1abnormalities 1 abnormalities Weed seeds and propagules Germinating Weed seeds ( BSI PAS 100: 2005 Annex D (Mean number per litre of compost 1 0 or propagules regrowth 1 Physical contaminants Total glass, metal, plastic BSI PAS 100: 2005, Annex E % mass/mass of 'air-dry' sample 0.5 (of which and any 'other' non-stone 0.25 is fragments >2mm plastic) Stones Stones > 4mm in grades BSI PAS 100: 2005, Annex E % massimass of 'air-dry' sample 8 other than 'mulch' Stones >4mm 16 in 'mulch' grade Source: Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP) Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 - 18 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn Bhd  yuqvs '~odyaj juvld 8upsoduro,-~puv 8uy~osnlvquu!g~vjoy JV :vzg  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah PROCESS MASS BALANCE The mass balance for MSW inputs and outputs for the Sorting Plant are presented in Table 5.2 and the flowchart of the Sorting Plant in Figure 5.23. This mass balance is for the existing Sorting Plant that is currently in operation one shift per day at 220 tpd (44% of its design capacity of 500 tpd). The Plant is sorting out 10.67 tpd of recyclables (4.84% of the input MSW). The rejects, amounting 209.33 tpd (95.16% of the input MSW), are disposed at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The mass balances for MSW inputs and outputs for the Sorting and Composting Plant at its full capacity (500 tpd) is presented in Table 5.3 and the flowchart of the overall plant in Figure 5.24. This mass balance is for the existing Sorting Plant (operating at two shifts per day) along with the proposed Composting Plant that is expected to be in operation in early 2009. The quantities of recyclables sorted out and the compost produced are expected to be 24.25 tpd (7,290 tonslyear) and 150 tpd (45,000 tonslyear), respectively. The rejects to be disposed at the landfill to the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill are expected to be only 35.16% of the incoming MSW (175.75 tpd or 52,725 tonslyear). Table 5.2: Mass Balance of the Sorting Facility %of Quantity Quantity MATEFUALIENERGY Generated per tonne UNIT generated INPUT AND OUTPUT of MSW rcvd. Sorting Facility Inputs: MSW I tonslday I 220.00 100.00% Outputs: Rejects to Landfill tonsfday 209.33 95.16% Recyclables (total) tonslday 10.67 4.84% LDPE tonslday 2.67 1.21% Plastic blow tonslday 2.57 1.17% Iron scrap tonslday 2.30 1.05% PLastic PET tons/day 2.13 0.97% Others tonslday 1.OO 0.44% Section Five: Descriptionof Plant Operations Page 5 - 20 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 5.3: Mass Balance of the Sorting and Composting Plant r Outputs from the Overall Plant Compost tonsfday 150.00 30.0% Recyclables tonslday 24.25 4.84% Rejects to Landfill tonsfday 175.75 35.16% Losses by way Carbon Dioxide and tons/day 150.00 30.0% Water vapour Total tonslday 500.00 100.00% Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 - 21 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.   EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Figure 5.24: Mass Balance for the Sorting and Composting Plant at Full Capacity 150.00 tonslday Bales of Recyclables Gas Emissions 150.00 tonslday koh Final Productand tonslday , Refining 1 175.75 tons/day Reject r Baling / Bales of Rejects Section Five: Description of Plant Operations Page 5 23 - GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah SECTION SIX PROJECT ALTERNATIVES Analysis of project alternatives is designed to bring environmental and social considerations in the upstream stages of development planning (e.g. project identification) as well as the later stages of technology, siting, and layout selection. This EIA includes analysis of alternatives in the following areas: Evaluation of MSW managementoptions Evaluation of MSW sorting options Evaluation of MSW composting options Sorting and composting facility siting considerations Sorting and composting facility layout options. EVALUATION OF MSW MANAGEMENT OPTIONS The proposed project concept of sorting and composting of MSW was selected by the Kota JGnabaluCity Hall. The main factors for selecting it were: (i) The extension of the lifespan of the Kayu Madang Landfill; (ii) Potential savings in the landfilling cost by the City Hall; (iii) Potential for significant reduction in the generation and treatment requirements of the leachate at the landfill'; (iv) The reduced risk of fire at the landfill; (v) The contribution to sustainable development in terms of recovery and marketing of recyclable products (compost as well as various grades of plastics, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and paper); (vi) Creation of better local employment opportunities2; and (vii) The potential for significant GHG emission reductions from the landfill that would bring in ER revenues and attract private sector participation. In selecting this project concept, the following project alternatives were also considered. For any of these alternatives, a landfill would be required in order to receive, at a minimum, inert materials from the MSW or ash (in case of MSW incineration). ' Inaddition, prevention/control measures for the leachatelstormwater will be implemented at the sorting and composting plant. Please see the discussion on "wastewater management" under Section E (Potential safeguards issues). This project has created about 100 jobs at the sorting plant and will create additional jobs at the composting plant. Section Six: Project Alternatives Page 6 - 1 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah Option 1- Business-as-usual with all MSW from the Citv of Kota Kinabalu being disposed at the Kaw Madann Landfill. This option would retain the proposed site in its existing condition and the incoming waste will be sorted and organic fraction land filled. Land filling can no longer be considered an acceptable practice for disposing of unwanted material. Not only does land fill produce greenhouse emissions and toxic leachate it is also a waste of resources. A number of waste management alternatives have been devised to reduce the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of at landfill. These options have been set out in the form of a 'Waste Hierarchy', where the aim is to move further up the hierarchy and away from disposal. Waste Hierarchy c~rip&g d Recover This alternative was rejected as it does not prolong the lifespan of the landfill nor does it address the leachate generation and treatment problems or risk of fire at the landfill.3 In addition, this alternative results in methane (a potent GHG) emissions to the atmosphere at an annual estimated rate of about 105,000 tons of COz-e. Option 2 - Capturim and flaring of methane from the Kavu Madann Landfill to achieve GHG emission reductions. This alternative includes installation of a landfill gas collection system and an enclosed landfill gas flaring system to destroy methane gas or use for energy production that is generated in the landfill. The purpose of flaring is to dispose of the flammable constituents, particularly methane, safely and to control odor nuisance, health risks and adverse environmental impacts. The methane is produced when the organic fraction of the MSW starts to anaerobically decompose. This alternative although it reduces methane emissions from the Kayu Madang Landfill and results in ER revenues - was rejected because: (i) it does not prolong the lifespan of the landfill; (ii) it is not very environmentally friendly as approximately 50 percent of the methane generated within the landfill would still be released to the atmosphere4; and (iii) it is not financially the most attractive option (i.e. it has lower IRR compared to composting). However, the lifespan of the landfill can be extended at additional costs through waste compaction and/or leachate recirculation. That is, the collection efficiency of landfill methane for flaring would be approximately 50 percent. Section Six: Project Alternatives Page 6- 2 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Option 3 - Cornrnunitv-based compostinn initiatives. This alternative was rejected as it is institutionally and technically challenging to implement in urban communities. Among others, acceptance of the concept by urban communities would be a challenge, and availability of land for community composting sites would represent major concerns. This alternative may also discourage private sector participation in MSW management. Option 4 - Combustion of MSW. This alternative was rejected as: (i) open air burning of MSW is prohibited in Malaysia; and (ii) MSW incineration is not a financially viable option (it requires very high capital investment and operating costs).' EVALUATION OF MSW SORTING OPTIONS Sorting separates recyclables materials from the MSW. The separation techniques in a sorting operation can be either mechanical or manual. Traditional sorting facilities rely heavily on manual sorting, which is time consuming when handling large volumes of materials. Labor is considered as one of the higher cost components of a sorting facility especially in Europe, and hence there is a preference for mechanical processing. However, manual sorting of recyclables is more attractive in Malaysia because of lower labor costs. The capital cost of a mechanical separation system is also much higher. The cost of equipment of the mechanical system depends on the extent of separation required and the level of automation to achieve this separation. The Project Proponent has, therefore, chosen a process design that relies mostly on manual sorting than mechanized sorting. Mechanical sorting in Project Proponent's process design is used size separation through trornmel screening and removal of ferrous metals through magnetic separation. EVALUATION OF MSW COMPOSTING OPTIONS Composting achieves the microbiological degradation of organic matter to produce a recycled product for use in agriculture, gardens, parks, etc. The technology of composting municipal waste is well established and there are many detailed information and operating experiences in the form of research papers available. Compost processing can occur in simple environments that are completely subject to external forces in a highly controlled environment. There are three principle types of aerobic composting techniques, windrow, static and in-vessel. In the windrow method, the MSW to be composted is agitated periodically to introduce oxygen, to control temperature, and to mix the material to obtain a more uniform product. MSW that contains a high percentage of food waste with elevated levels of moisture (60-70%) cannot sustain combustion. A supplemental fuel would be needed to dry such a high moisture waste to less than 50% moisture to bum. Incineration of a high moishue content waste also tends to result in incomplete combustion products which require costly treatment before discharge to the atmosphere. Section Six: Project Alternatives Page 6 - 3 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah The biggest advantage of the windrow composting technology is that it is the lowest-cost system to both set up and operate. The level of technology involved is fairly low and standard equipment can be used. This helps keep costs low and ensure that operator familiarity with equipment is rapid. The composting technology is ideally suited for warm and humid climates. The production process offered by various windrow composting vendors are essentially similar, although some minor variations may exist due to the differences in the organic fraction of the incoming solid waste, environmental conditions and operating parameters. In addition, site-specific factors may also influence the actual design of the plant layout and storage facilities. In the static pile method, the material to be composted remains in static piles and air is blown through the composting material. Static piles can be shaped much like windrows or in an elongated pile or bed. The essential difference is in the name; static piles are not mechanically agitated. Once constructed by conveyor, loader or truck, the piles remain in place until the decomposition slows. The lack of agitation requires the maintenance of adequate porosity over an extended period of time. When composting fine materials like sludge, a coarse stable substrate such as wood chips is often incorporated in the mix. Inert materials or slowly degrading cellulosic substrates like cardboard or leaves may help supply that stable porous structure in MSW, but this needs to be considered in the preprocessing system design. Process control is normally through pressure and/or vacuum-induced aeration, with either temperature or oxygen as the control variable. Blower piping can be temporary plastic or metal in a bed of coarse material at the base of the pile, or recessed into the composting pad under perforated plates. Piles are often covered with a layer of wood chips or mature compost to insulate the active compost from ambient temperatures and/or provide some odor treatment. The quality of the product is generally inconsistent. Horizontal and vertical reactors are commonly referred to as in-vessel systems as differentiated from open systems such as windrows and static piles. In-vessel composting is more expensive than windrow composting but it does provide a high degree of process control. It is ideal for putrescible wastes as vessels can be made vermin proof. It is also suited to handling wastes with a high risk of pathogens or odors as these can be contained and treated during the process. The higher capital and operation costs associated with these contained systems; residence time in the reactors is rarely adequate for the production of mature compost. Its main benefit is that leachate and odor emissions are contained. The aerobic windrow composting method is selected by the Project Proponent as it is lowest in cost to set-up and to operate. The method is also ideally suited for Malaysian climate and has a low learning curve. SORTING AND COMPOSTING FACILITY SITING CONSIDERATIONS The foremost consideration in the selection of the proposed site for the sorting and composting facility is the proximity to the site of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. Section Six: ProjectAIternatives Page 6 - 4 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah This is most important as the sorting and composting facility, located on this landfill site, is not expected to produce further adverse environmental impacts over the existing landfill operations and will preserve the existing transportation costs borne by DBKK. The selected landfill site is a suitable location for the establishment of the sorting and composting facility based on the following factors: The Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill has adequate existing infrastructure facilities for the operation of the sorting and composting facility. The project site is under the direct jurisdiction of the DBKK. The previously unused area for the sorting and composting facility is leased for a nominal rental from the DBKK for a period of 10 years. The Project Proponent otherwise would have had to rent a large plot of land and would have not made the project viable. The transportation of the incoming solid waste to the project site will continue to remain the same. However, the number of trucks leaving the project site will increase with compost-carrying trucks transporting compost from the site to potential users of this compost. However, this is not expected to pose any traffic congestion. The Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill area is environmentally favorable due to sufficient separation from the residential areas. The closest village, relative to the Landfill area, meets the buffer requirements (>300m.) and is about 0.5 km away from the closet boundary of the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site. However the DBKK have built housing quarters for their operators within this site and is less than 150 metres from the landfilling operation and the proposed sorting and composting facility. The project site is located outside of all water intake points for water treatment plants. The water treatment plants treat and supply clean water to the residential and commercial areas. The odor generated during the operations of the composting plant will not be any more than the existing levels of odor at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. The odor emissions is expected to be lower as the main reaction in the composting operation is of aerobic nature. SORTING AND COMPOSTING FACILITY LAYOUT OPTIONS Site design issues -which may impact on water quality-, include the selection of a working surface, prevention of surface water to the site by surface diversions, possible drainage, and the possible provision of roofs over some or all of the sorting and composting area to divert precipitation and keep compost or waste materials dry. In all but fully roofed sites there will be surface runoff which may need to be managed. Sloping of the site and surface drainage (perimeter drains) to either divert water away from the site or collect site runoff for reuse should be considered in the design process. SectionSix: Project Alternatives Page 6 - 5 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The Sorting Facility is covered by roof and the concreted flooring is sloped, to facilitate the leachate and wash water to flow towards the drains. Compost is produced on a leveled site, where the working surface of this leveled site has been prepared in one of the following ways; without any soil compaction, with soil compaction or on concrete pads. If the soil is compacted and made impermeable, the groundwater is protected from nitrate pollution, but runoff is maximized which increases the BOD, phosphorus, and pathogen threat to surface water. On the other hand, un-compacted soils reduce the runoff potential but may allow excessive nitrate infiltration to groundwater. For large MSW facilities, best management practices dictate that composting should be done on a concrete pad with leachate collection system built into the concrete pad. Such surfaces can improve trafficability during the monsoon seasons considerably. Recirculation would involve pumping the runoff water back into the compost windrows, where the organic compounds could further degrade and the water would be evaporated through the composting process. The Composting Facility designed by ENTAG is considered to be technically and environmentally sound, as well as inherently robust. Environmental considerations make the selected plant most favorable as air emissions and noise generation are minimal. Surface and ground water pollution, and soil contamination can be minimized with a roof cover around the processing and storage area, perimeter drains and concrete pads with leachate collection system. In view of the absence of any specific site constraints, the Composting Facility layout generally follows rational design to facilitate the delivery and storage of solid waste to the facility, as well as the storage and the outward movement of compost and recyclables. The non-recoverable material will be sent to the landfill for final disposal. By streamlining the sorting and composting facility layouts and better managing the logistics, it is possible to avoid multiple handling and cut costs. The experience of ENTAG in designing and building more than 40 composting facilities and the operational experience of ECARU will be beneficial while designing the site layout. Section Six: Project Alternatives Page 6 - 6 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES INTRODUCTION This Section identifies the potential impacts of the Project activities on the surrounding environment within the zone of impact. The Project activities are defined according to the three phases of Project implementation, i.e. the Pre-construction (design) Phase, the Construction Phase and the Operations Phase. The potential environmental impacts are identified and assessed in relation to the principal activities associated with these project implementation phases. The impact assessment is performed by evaluating the potential changes that may occur relative to the baseline status of the physical, biological and socio- economic elements of the surrounding environment. The significance of the identified environmental impacts is then evaluated in terms of effects, magnitude and duration. Where the impacts are likely to be potentially significant, appropriate mitigation measures are proposed to minimize the impacts to acceptably low levels. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION PHASE The Construction Phase activities will span a period of about 8 months (refer Project Implementation Schedule in Figure 1.2). These activities will include initial site preparation involving piling and laying of the foundation. The civil works at the site will include road construction, car park facilities, site drainage, and fabrication and erection of the steel structures. Transportation of Construction Machinery and Materials The Tuaran Road, Polytechnic Road and Rugading Road will be the principal road transportation routes for movement of materials and machinery to and from the Project Site. The inbound transportation of construction materials and process machinery to the Project Site will occur at various times over the construction/installation period of 8 months. The outbound movement of excavated earth materials and construction debris will be minimal as most of the material will be disposed off at the landfill. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 1 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah During peak transportation, the number of transport vehicle trips per day is not expected to exceed about 10 in total, to and from the Project Site. The maximum number of trips per day involving heavy construction machinery will be about 5. Traffic movement should not pose a problem and the existing roadways can easily accommodate the small increase in traffic volume. Under uncontrolled circumstances, the transport vehicles can be a source of transient noise and exhaust emissions, while earth-moving lorries are also capable of soiling public roadways due to unwashed mud-laden tires. The traffic generated can also contribute to an increased risk of road accidents. Mitigation Measures: Steps shall be taken to ensure the cleanliness of construction vehicles leaving the Project Site at all times to avoid contamination of the surrounding area and public roadways. DBKK's washing bay with high-pressure water jet facilities at the entrance of the Landfill shall be used by all construction vehicles exiting the Project Site. The Project Site shall be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust-emission, especially in and around the excavation and construction areas. Prevention of spillage of excavated and construction waste materials onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lony load with canvas. Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit noise and exhaust air emissions. TemporarySite Barriers Enclosing the area of the construction site and providing site temporary barriers are necessary to prevent public trespass into the construction area to ensure public safety, safe working conditions, protection of facilities, and protection of adjacent properties from damage due to construction activities. Mitigation Measures: Barriers and Temporary Construction Facilities: - Temporary barriers shall be provided to prevent public entry to construction areas and persons without proper PPE's and to protect existing facilities and adjacent properties from damage due to construction activities. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7- 2 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Site Excavation and Earthworks Site excavation work will involve the area to be occupied by the Composting Plant. The depth of excavation (if required) will be determined after conducting the soil investigation. In the absence of control measures, earthworks can have potentially negative environmental impacts that include siltation of watercourses due to silt-runoff from exposed soil surfaces during rainfall, generation of airborne dust due to dry weather conditions and wind action, soiling of roadways due to soil-laden tires of transport vehicles, and low-level noise and exhaust emissions from transport vehicles and construction machinery. The safety of workers performing excavation work and others present at the excavation sites is also a major concern that will be given due attention. Mitigation Measures: Excavation Work: - All excavations shall be structurally supported to prevent movement of adjacent ground, structures or other works and to prevent any materials from falling into them, by timbering, steel trench sheeting, steel sheet piling, or other suitable means. - All excavations shall be kept free of water at all times until completion of construction and backfilling within the excavations. - Pumping facilities, temporary drains, cuts and sumps shall be provided as necessary for this purpose. Water pumped from excavations shall be directed either onto the adjoining ground or into a temporary drain with the usage of silt traps before being discharge into the permanent drainage system. Adequate precautions shall be taken to ensure that existing drainage systems are protected from blockage by the ingress of materials. - Surplus excavated material shall be temporarily stored at the locations allocated at the proposed Compost Plant site or removed to the landfill. The temporary storage sites for excavated earth materials on site shall be cleaned and reinstated after completion of the works. Stormwater Drainage and Silt-RunoflControl: - Control of surface water shall be carried out to prevent damage to the site. Site control on fill, grading and ditching shall be carried out to direct surface drainage away from their excavations and other construction areas, and to direct drainage water to proper drainage facilities. - Drainage water shall be disposed in a manner to prevent flooding, erosion, or other damage to any portion of the permanent facilities and to adjoining areas. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7- 3 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah - Silt traps shall be adequately designed to reduce the suspended solids concentration to less than 100mg/l in the discharge water. Silt traps shall be incorporated into the temporary draining system around the Composting Plant site at the appropriate area to prevent contaminated water being disposed directly into the surrounding drainage system. - All temporary drainage system and silt traps shall be properly maintained throughout the Construction Phase of the Project to ensure proper function ability. Proper erosion control shall be carried out as per the following:- - Plan and execute construction earthwork methods to control surface drainage from cuts and fills and prevent erosion and sedimentation. - Rough grade site to prevent standing water and to direct surface drainage away from excavations. - Hold the areas of bare soil exposed at any one time to a minimum. - Construct fill areas by selective placement to eliminate surfaces that may erode. Pollution Conlrol: - Proper control shall be carried out to prevent contamination of soil, water, or the atmosphere by the discharge of noxious substances from construction operations. - Contaminated soils or earth shall be excavated and replaced with suitable compacted fill and topsoil. The excavated contaminated soils shall be disposed offsite at the landfill. - All noise-generating equipment shall be provided with temporary enclosures to shield adjacent areas from noise as much as possible. - Steps shall be taken to ensure the cleanliness of heavy construction equipment and vehicles leaving the site at all time to avoid soiling of the surrounding areas and public roadways. A washing bay with high- pressure water jet facilities shall be provided at the exit point for proper cleansing. - Wetting down of the Project Site to minimize fugitive dust-emission especially in and around the excavation and construction areas. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 4 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah - Prevention of spillage of excavated materials onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lorry loads with canvas. - Proper vehicle and machinery maintenance to limit noise and air emissions. Piling Works Piling work shall be carried out in such a manner and at such times as to minimize noise disturbance to the neighboring residents. Prior to pile dnving, the potential for causing damage to neighboring properties or sensitive equipment in adjacent structures due to vibrations shall be assessed and appropriate action taken. The hydraulic hammer shall be used in principle. Site personnel near the piling site should be provided with ear plugs or other suitable hearing protection. Civil Works The civil works will mainly consist of piling and foundation laying, construction of platforms and building structures, roadways, drainage systems, etc. Aside from worker safety concerns, noise emission and dust generation caused by wind action and traversing of unpaved land surfaces by transport vehicles are the potentially negative impacts to be dealt with. The Project Site for the Composting Plant is located well within an existing landfill area, and therefore comprehensive environmental control measures are not warranted. The 8-month duration of the construction and machinery installation activities is relatively short with the impacts being only temporary. The principal concern is the housing quarters provided for the DBKK staff. These quarters are about 100 meters away from the Project Site. It is recommended that a natural or artificial sound barrier be built alongside the housing quarters located closest to the Project Site. This will also protect these housing quarters from any air borne dust generated during the Construction Phase. Mitigation Measures: To protect the health of the residents of the DBKK staff quarters from bioaerosols, dust and noise emissions during the Composting plant, a minimum buffer distance of 61 meters will be used between the boundary of the Composting Plant and the DBKK staff quarters. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 5 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota KinabafuSorting and Composting PIant at TeIipok,Sabah The DBKK staff quarters will also be protected by a natural or artificial sound barrier to help reduce potential noise and dust levels during the Construction and Operations Phase. If a natural barrier is used, tall trees indigenous to the state of Sabah with shorter shrubs planted along the DBKK Staff Quarters will be suitable as a noise, dust and odor barrier. If artificial barrier is used, a wall of 2.5 metres height along the DBKK staff quarters must be constructed. The design and construction of the Composting Plant (especially in waterlogged areas) should assure that there will be suitable drainage and stability to support the heavy mobile equipment, such as windrow turner that will be used during cornposting operations. The main noise-generating source will be the piling activity. However, the use of hydraulic piling machinery will reduce the noise emission considerably. Construction workers working in close proximity to the noise-generating sources and exposed to excessive noise levels shall be provided with suitable hearing protection. Plant Installation Works Most of the Project's plant machinery and equipment will involve procurement from local as well as from international suppliers, or local fabrication off-site and then transported to the Project site for final installation. Some fabrication work may be performed on-site in the case of steel structural frames. The environmental impacts will be of low-level and temporary and will only extend over the Construction Phase of about 8 months duration (refer Project Implementation Schedule in Figure 1.2 of Section One). The only impacts to be considered are temporary and transient noise of moderate intensity and short-duration due to welding and knocking of steel components, and minor dust- generation and vehicle exhaust emissions during delivery of plant machinery and equipment. Milination Measures: Occupational noise and dust exposure will be the main concerns. The exposed workers shall be provided with hearing protection and dust masks. The plant installation activities will also contribute positively in terms of business opportunities for suppliers of the plant and machinery involved, and employment of skilled and non-skilled labor. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7- 6 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Infrastructure, Utilities and Communication Facilities The major infrastructure consisting of roads, drainage systems and external facilities for supply of water, electricity and telecommunications are already in place, however the roads leading to the Composting Plant Site from the main entrance will have to be resurfaced. Local connections of these services will need to be made, to receive these services. No significant adverse impacts are anticipated and in fact a positive contribution is seen in terms of the procurement of the services concerned. Construction Workforce The construction workforce at the Project Site during peak construction activities will number about 79 and will comprise of the following: a Project Management Staff : Direct Labor: Onsite labor camp facilities may need to be provided for foreign and out-of-town workers. In the case of foreign workers, their legal employment and health status will need to be ascertained. Their health status is of crucial importance to curb the resurgence and recurrence of infectious and communicable diseases, such as typhoid, cholera and tuberculosis. Foreign workers will need to be closely monitored to ensure that social problems due to hostile interaction with local communities do not arise. The employment of local workers will be a positive contribution in terms of direct employment and skills development. Mitigation Measures: As far as possible local workers should be employed. a If employment of foreign workers is unavoidable, then it shall be ensured that they have proper legal employment status and health records. If needed, proper on-site accommodation shall be provided with adequate water supply, proper sanitation facilities for sewage disposal and solid waste disposal. Foreign workers shall be closely monitored to prevent anti-social behavior and related problems when interacting with local communities. ENVIRONMENTAL DISCHARGES DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE The proposed Composting Plant will be relatively clean and will only generate small amounts of recyclable leachate and gaseous waste. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts page7 - 7 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah The windrow composting area must be a cemented platform with a proper drainage system to prevent any access of the leachate into the soil and inland waterways. The fresh MSW that is received at the Sorting operations does not emit offensive odors. However, if the incoming MSW or the organic fraction of the MSW is allowed to accumulate, it will quickly start to decompose and generate offensive odors. The residual solid wastes of the Sorting Plant, primarily consisting of inert material will be land filled. Wastewater Discharges The wastewater generated in the Sorting and Composting Facilities will be reused by collecting and spraying on to the windrows. The following are the potential sources of wastewater: The incoming waste will percolate out a copious liquid in the form of leachate at the Waste Receiving Area. The washings from the Waste Reception Area in Sorting and Composting Plant. Surface runoff from the windrows at the compost plant, Air and Odor Emissions Fugitive air emissions and odor are generated due to poor housekeeping and improper operations of the sorting and composting equipment. The air and odor emissions are from the following sources: The incoming MSW when allowed to accumulate will quickly start to decompose and generate distinctive foul and offensive odors. Airborne particulates in the form of bio-aerosols may be generated during turning of the windrows. The windrow composting process must be kept under aerobic conditions. Adequate turning of the windrows is very important to ensure aerobic conditions, the lack of which has a high potential for odor generation. Windrow technology is highly affected by weather conditions and saturation of the windrows when rain water can lead to anaerobic conditions. Stagnant leachate and low dissolved oxygen levels will rapidly render leachate septic and generate emissions of methane as well as various VOCs, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptans that cause distinctive foul and offensive odor. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7- 8 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Solid Waste Generation and Disposal The inert material and rejects from the Sorting and Composting Plant, amounting to approximately 30% of the incoming municipal solid waste will be disposed off at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. Noise Emission The compost production process typically involves plant machinery and transportation vehicles that inherently generate noise. The nature of operation of the heavy machinery is intermittent and therefore the noise generation is discontinuous. The 8-hour time-weighted average noise level is not expected to exceed 75 dB (A), which is the Recommended Noise Exposure Limits of the World Health Organization (WHO). Nevertheless, the need for hearing protection such as ear-plugs or ear muffs in the work area is advisable for the exposed workers. The noise levels will have an effect on the DBKK staff quarters located about lOOm away. The measurements must be taken near the staff quarters during normal operations to ensure the facility conforms to the day-time boundary noise level requirement of 70.0 dB (A) and night-time boundary noise level requirement of 60.0 dB (A) (DOE'SPlanning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits and Control, 2004.). Noise barriers must be built to shield the staff quarters from noise disturbances. Stormwater Drainage and Discharge The stormwater drainage system shall be adequately designed with built-in measures to prevent stormwater contamination by leachate or any other potentially contaminated wastewater. A separate leachate drainage system and retention pond must be provided for the collection and storage of the leachate fiom the MSW receiving area and compost, and any water washings. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE Impacts on Soil The most flooring of Sorting Plant is paved with adequate downward gradient towards the perimeter drains to prevent stagnation wash waters. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 9 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah The floor of the Sorting Plant is washed regularly and this wash water flows into the perimeter drains. The flooring of the Waste Reception is paved, however does not have any perimeter drains to collect the water after washing the floor. The Sorting Plant is protected by a roof and has gutters to collect stormwater, which flows into the stormwater drains. The floor of the Composting Plant will have an impermeable surface. These areas include the compost production area and the final compost processing and storage area. Composting areas will be sloped to side drains that will discharge into collection sumps so that any leachate and site drainage can be recycled to the composting windrows. The final processing area and the storage area of the compost in the Composting Plant will protected by a roof and will have gutters to collect stormwater, which will flow into the stormwater drains. Mitigation Measures: Composting on an impermeable surface will protect the soil from contamination. Separate drainage system for the stormwater and the leachate from the windrows during the composting of the organic fraction of the MSW. The collected leachate must be sprayed back onto the windrows on a regular basis to reduce potential for overflow and soil contamination. The surface run-off must be prevented from being contaminated with the in-process compost, by using air permeable geo-textile sheets to cover the windrows during the composting of the organic fraction of the MSW at the Composting Plant. Impacts on Water Resources Leachate from the Sorting and Composting Plant is a potential source of pollution for water resources. The main source of leachate is the wet MSW itself. The leachate will percolate out from MSW dumped on the tipping floor of the Waste Reception Area and the wet organic fraction of the MSW placed in the windrows. Mitigation Measures: Composting on an impermeable surface will help protect the groundwater and surface water from direct contamination. A dedicated drainage system to collect and channel the leachate from the windrows of the organic fraction of the MSW in the Composting Plant and the washings of the Waste Reception Area to a retention pond or sump shall be provided. The collected wastewater shall be sprayed back onto the windrows to form a closed loop system of leachate management. Currently, the Sorting Plant does not have any drains for the separation of the wash water from the washing of the floors and the stormwater. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7- 10 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah A separate drainage system shall be provided for collecting the wash water and leachate from the Waste Reception Area of the Sorting Plant. The Sorting and Composting Plant must be protected by a roof and with gutters to collect stormwater, which flows into the stormwater drains and discharges as surface run-off. Odor Generation and Impacts on Air Quality The fresh MSW that is received in the Waste Reception Area of the Sorting Plant usually does not emit offensive odors. However, if allowed to accumulate due to poor housekeeping, decomposition will rapidly occur and result in the emissions of methane and carbon dioxide as well as various volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and mercaptans, which cause offensive odors and conditions that are unpleasant for the workers. Some leachate may also be generated in these operations and must also be collected and recycled by spraying back onto the composting windrows. In addition, the windrow composting process has the highest potential for odor generation, if it is not well controlled. The moisture content and the oxygen levels are important to maintain the composting process in an aerobic state. Mitization Measures: The incoming MSW must not be allowed to accumulate and must be processed to reduce the generation of odor due to putrefaction. Good housekeeping must be practiced in the Sorting and Composting Facilities. All workers of the Sorting and Composting Facilities will be trained on good housekeeping practices, and the Plant Supervisors will enforce the good housekeeping requirements. Regular monitoring of operating parameters (oxygen level, moisture content, C/N ratio, temperature) of the windrows to ensure aerobic composting process conditions. Control moisture levels of the windrows especially during turning of the windrows to effectively control the air emissions in the form of bio-aerosols A minimum of 61-meter buffer distance between the boundary of the Composting Plant and DBKK's staff quarters should be maintained. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation (shrubs and trees, indigenous to the state of Sabah) should be created or an artificial barrier (Brick wall) should be created or an artificial barrier should be erected on the sides of the Sorting and Composting Facilities facing towards the DBKK staff quarters. These measures would serve to minimize the transmission of odor and dust to the DBKK staff quarters. To avoid dust emissions outside the Landfill site, the practice of washing down of tires and trucks at DBKK's truck washing facility should be extended to all trucks exiting the Project Site. In addition, dust-laden roadways within the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site should be wetted down. These mitigation measures should be closely monitored by the site supervisor. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 11 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Impacts of Noise Emissions Noise impacts due to the sorting process and turning of windrows will be negligible. The location of the Project Site has adequate separation from the surrounding local communities. However, the DBKK staff quarters are only about lOOm away from the Sorting Plant and the exact location of the Composting Plant is yet to be determined. Therefore, some mitigation measures would be required. Mitigation Measures: A minimum distance of 61 m between the boundary of the Composting Plant and the DBKK staff quarters should be maintained. A natural barrier of tall thick vegetation (shrubs and trees, indigenous to the state of Sabah) should be created or an artificial barrier (brick wall) should be erected on the sides of the Sorting and Composting Plant facing the DBKK staff quarters. This multipurpose barrier would also serve to minimize the transmission of odor and dust to the DBKK staff quarters. Generators and air cpompressors should be equipped with silencers. Plant workers will be provided with protective equipment in plant areas with noise levels in excess of 85 dBA (TWA). Impacts on Fauna and Faunal Habitats Vector-related diseases are associated with breeding sites for insects and rodents of varied species. Dengue fever is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito which favors small, clean water pools for breeding, including containers, tires, and tin cans found in windrows. Rodents breed and feed in uncollected solid waste and at open dumps. Leptospirosis is spread by exposure to urine of rats and other rodents. Houseflies from refuse dumps, latrines and animal pens are known to carry enteric bacteria. The significant presence of pathogenic organisms in human faeces is a potential source of disease transmission when the faeces is available for ingestion by animals. Animals can become infected and become a reservoir for later infection of humans. The disposal of diapers with MSW can contribute to significant amounts of human faeces arriving at the Sorting Plant and landfill sites. The fly nuisance commonly observed at the Sorting Plant and landfill is generally considered unavoidable. The presence of flies at the Sorting Plant and landfill site poses a potential health risk to the Plant employees and nearby residents (especially those of the DBKK workers' quarters) due to disease transmission. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7- 12 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Rodents are another common vector at MSW landfill sites and Sorting and Composting Plants. No rodents were noticed during the site visit, but their existence cannot be ruled out. High temperatures generated during the composting process discourage rodent burrowing activities and destroy housefly eggs and larvae. However, rodent and insect infestations are most likely to occur in Sorting Plant areas. The current landfilling of waste at the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill has attracted vectors (birds) that may carry disease and can cause a nuisance, if not health impacts, on waste pickers and other staff of DBKK. The birds comprised mainly of swallows and cranes. The numbers reportedly vary according to season and weather conditions. A large number of diseased stray dogs were also observed at the Project and landfill sites and at the DBKK staff quarters. The potential risk of disease transmission to landfill workers and residents of the DBKK staff quarters due to vectors and landfill pests appears to be significant. Miti~ationMeasures: Good housekeeping and regular maintenance of the Plant must be implemented. The MSW must be processed within 4-6 hours of arrival at the Waste Receiving Area to control pests. The movement and storage of incoming MSW and in process material must be appropriately managed to prevent MSW and its components being strewn around the Plant area. Adopting a synchronized pest control program, will improve health conditions at the Plant site considerably. Pest control measures will be implemented and health authorities will be consulted regarding the health risk due to stray dogs at the Project site. The tires received at site must be recycled. The Project Proponent is in the process of assessing appropriate technologies. However, in the short-term, incoming tires must cut or shredded before final disposal. This will prevent the formation of water pools. Impacts on Flora and Floral Habitats No impact is expected from the project on the ecological environment. Impacts on the Traffic Situation The number of trucks to and from the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site is not expected to increase significantly. However, the transportation of compost from the Project Site will increase by 25 to 30 trucks daily from the existing operations of the landfill and the Sorting Plant. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 13 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  ElA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah The access road to the Kayu Madang Sanitary landfill was observed to be narrow and no longer in a properly paved condition in most sections of the roadway. The tarred layer of the road surface appeared to be in a worn-out condition in most sections of the roadway and was exposed down to the gravel layer. The narrowness of the roadway presents a potential risk of accidents due to the two-way movement of trucks and vehicles delivering municipal wastes to the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill site; the accident risk could be high during heavy monsoon rainfall. Good road access to the Landfill site is desirable to maintain smooth and uninterrupted vehicular movement. Mitipation Measures: The access road should preferably be paved or adequately compacted to withstand rainy weather and damage caused by heavy trucks. Impacts on Occupational Health and Safety The site personnel at the Sorting Plant come in direct contact with the MSW during the separating of the recyclable material and will be exposed to occupational health risks if personnel protective equipment such as gloves, rubber boots and face masks is not used. Health risks would include cuts and bruises that could lead to serious infections as well as dermatological problems due to skin contact with putrefying solid waste materials, hazardous material, sharps and disposal diapers. The use of disposal diapers results in significant amounts of human faeces arriving at the Plant. Hazardous materials that may be found within the mixed municipal solid waste include solvents, adhesives, discarded paint and pesticides as well as asbestos products from construction~demolitionactivity, bloodied bandages, cotton swabs, and syringes from small clinics. Headaches and nausea from anoxic conditions where high methane, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide concentrations, respiratory illness from ingesting particulates, bio-aerosols, and volatile organics during sorting and composting operations is not common unless the operating conditions are not maintained. Compost workers may be exposed to a common fungus known as Aspergillusfumigatus, endotoxins, or other allergens. Afumigatus is common in decaying organic matters and soil. Inhalation of its airborne spores causes skin rashes and burning eyes. While healthy individuals may not be affected, immuno-compromised individuals may be at risk. Employees are the most sensitive to exposure of A. fumigatus because of their frequent proximity to decaying organic matter. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 14 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Composting Plant site personnel who have asthma, allergies or compromised immune systems, could suffer health effects as a result of exposure to bio-aerosols. However, the noise levels, air and odor is low at the Sorting Plant and is expected to be low at the proposed Composting Plant. Vector-related diseases are associated with breeding sites for insects and rodents of varied species. Dengue fever is spread by the Aedes aegypti mosquito which favours small, clean water pools for breeding, including containers, tires, and tin cans found in windrows. Rodents breed and feed in uncollected solid waste and at open dumps. Leptospirosis is spread by exposure to urine of rats and other rodents. Houseflies from refuse dumps, latrines and animal pens are known to carry enteric bacteria. Mitigation Measures for Health and Safetv Rislcs and Hazards: Good housekeeping and compliance with occupational health standards and guidelines through proper training and use of personal protective equipment will minimize the potential health impacts. Regular training programs on the general operation of the Plant, occupational health and safety and contingency plans and emergency procedures must be conducted. The training program must be designed to ensure that site personnel are competent enough to operate the Plant and aware of occupational health and safety and emergency procedures, including health and injury risks. All employees should be provided with all necessary personal protection equipment and facilities, including protective clothing, eye goggles, gloves, hard heats, dusk masks, hearing protection equipment, and safety shoes. Clean protective clothing will be provided by MSS to all employees on a weekly basis and will be worn by all employees. Gloves will be worn by all employees handling MSW or compost. Hard hats will be worn by all employees operating mobile equipment or working in areas where chutes are located. Noise protection equipment will be worn by all employees working near loud equipment. All men and women employees should be provided with separate shower facilities and change rooms with lockers. An air-conditioned lunch facility of sufficient capacity should be provided to accommodate all employees on a rotational basis. Health screening of the site personnel must be performed at least twice a year. Site personnel who have been showing signs of allergies must be transferred or moved to areas of the Plant that has low incidences of dust / bio-aerosols. Inoculation of the site personnel against hepatitis, tetanus, and influenza. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7 - 15 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Mitigation Measures for Minimizing Impacts on Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment: Ensure that at least 50% of the workforce at the Sorting and Composting Plant are from the State of Sabah. Facilitate the phasing of the scavenging activities at the landfill. Conduct public awareness programs with DBKK and NGOs on the environmental benefits by separating organic waste and recyclable material at source. Section Seven: Environmental and Social Impacts Page 7- 16 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  ElA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION EIGHT ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTPLAN OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN MS Smart Recycling Sdn. Bhd. is committed to implementing an Environmental Management and Social Development Plan. This Plan will ensure that the construction and the operation of the Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant Project involves full implementation of all proposed mitigation measures, and complies with high environmental standards, the requirements of the environmental legislation and gudance documents as applicable in Malaysia, and the procedures and guidelines of the World Bank. Section Three of this Report has outlined the baseline environmental and socio-economic conditions in and around the Kayu Madang Sanitary Landfill. Section Seven has identified the potential impacts relative to these baseline conditions, which could result from construction of the Composting Facility and operational activities of both the Sorting and Composting Facilities. Section Seven also proposed measures to minimize and mitigate against any negative impacts identified. This present Section presents the Environmental Management and Social Development Plan, which summarizes the mitigation measures proposed, and discusses initial and ongoing monitoring and management of potentially significant impacts of the Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant Project. The effectiveness of these environmental management and mitigation measures will be monitored throughout the construction and operation of the Sorting and Composting Plant. Monitoring shall be performed by a laboratory with necessary Malaysian laboratory accreditation, Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia (SAMM). Monitoring shall be carried out only using standard techniques and equipment which will be calibrated, operated and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications. Monitoring data will be analyzed and reviewed at regular intervals by MS Smart (MSS) and compared with the relevant standards so that any necessary corrective actions can be taken in a timely manner. Records of monitoring results will be kept in an acceptable fonnat and reported to the DOE and all relevant parties, including the World Bank. Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - I GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION During Design and Construction Suitably qualified and experienced contractors will be responsible for the detailed design and construction of the Composting Plant. Construction workers will be required to demonstrate appropriate skills, qualifications and/or experience prior to employment. During construction, MSS will ensure that all contracts with Contractors and sub-contractors stipulate all the mitigation measures indicated in Table 8.1 for the construction phase (as given in this Environmental Management and Social Development Plan), operational design criteria and environment, health and safety standards which must be implemented at the Project Site. Implementation of these measures will be enforced and supervised by the appointed Project Manager who will have direct responsibility for the Environment, Safety and Quality Assurance Program on site during the construction and commissioning phase.. The Project Manager will be responsible for ensuring that construction works comply with the requirements of the Environmental Management and Social Development Plan and all environmental permits. His key roles will be to: Assume the interface with DOE for approvals and permits; Act as the Liaison Officer for local authorities, industrial and commercial interests and any other interested parties; Ensure that mitigation measures is implemented, to reduce impacts during the construction phase; Ensure that monitoring to be undertaken during construction is implemented; Ensure compliance with the environmental management and social development plan; and Ensure that health and safety requirements are respected. During Plant Operation During operation, responsibility for environmental compliance and the implementation of the mitigation, management and monitoring measures described in this section and in Section 7 of this report, will be with the Plant Manager. This position will report directly to the top management of MSS. The Plant Manager will be based at the site and will be responsible for recruiting, training and managing his staff. He will be responsible for implementing the mitigation and management measures described above and for monitoring and record keeping of the following: Ambient air quality; Noise emissions; Quality of water discharge; and Waste management. Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - 2 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah The Plant Manager is "ultimately" responsible for the implementation of the EMP. Environmental aspects of the EMP will be carried out by the Environmental Affairs Unit under the responsibility of the Quality Control Department with environmental sampling and analyses to be performed by a certified laboratory in Malaysia to be hired by Smart Recycling. The in-house Laboratory Unit will conduct some process monitoring and some product quality monitoring. In addition, for certain analyses a qualified external laboratory will be contracted. The occupational health and safety aspects of the EMP will be implemented by the Industrial Health and Safety Unit under the Administrative Affairs Department. The Plant Manager will supervise and lead the Environmental Affairs Department during the Operations Phase. Figure 8-1 presents the organizational structure of the Sorting and Composting Plant during the operations phase. The monitoring records will be maintained by each department responsible for data generation. The data will be forwarded to the Plant Manager for his review and submittal to the Malaysian DOE and the World Bank. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES The major environmental impacts and associated mitigation measures identified in Section Seven and other Sections of the Report are summarized in Table 8.1 for the construction phase and Table 8.2 for the operations phase, together with an implementation schedule and cost estimate. ENVIRONMENTALMONITORINGPLAN Environmental Monitoring During Construction Phase The environmental monitoring requirements for the construction phase are presented in Table 8.3. Environmental on it or in^ During Operations Phase The environmental monitoring requirements for the operations phase are presented in Table 8.4. Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - 3 CSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at ~elipok,Sabalz Plant Manager Administrative Operations Maintenanceand ffairs Departmen Department , Transport Affairs :cycling Plant Figure 8.1: Organizational structure of the Sorting and Composting Plant Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - 4 GSR Environmental ConsulfancySdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah TRAINING PROGRAM EnvironmentalTraining The MSS will ensure that all staff employed at the Sorting and Composting Plant are trained in the following subject areas: General operation of the Sorting and Composting Plant; Specific job roles and procedures; Occupational health and safety; and Contingency plans and emergency response procedures. Training will include: Induction training on appointment; Specialist training (as required for their prescribed job role); and Refresher training as required. The training program will be designed to ensure that appropriate slulled staff are used to operate the Sorting and Composting Plant at all times. Aspects of occupational health and safety and emergency procedures are described below. In addition to this environmental training for all staff employed at the Plant, special environmental training will be given to the staff of the Environmental Affairs Department. They will receive training in the following subject areas: Day-to-day monitoring activities; Collection and analysis of air quality and noise data; Monitoring the water effluents; Industrial hygiene; Occupational health and safety; and Emergency and contingency procedures. The Project Sponsor's Human Resources Department will engage external consultants to deliver environmental training to Plant staff. Occupational Health and Safety Training MSS will establish and integrate policies and procedures on occupational health and safety into the construction and operational phases of the Sorting and Composting Plant which meet the requirements of Malaysian DOE and World Bank guidelines as given in Section 2 of this EIA Report. Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - 5 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Occupational health and safety programs will be supported by staff training for the Sorting and Composting Plant and the appointment of the Plant Manager. The training will include, but will not be limited to, the following: General area safety; Specific job safety; Hearing conservation; Code of Safe Practices; Use of personal protective equipment; and First-aid. The training will include induction courses when staff are first employed at the Sorting and Composting Plant, with specialist and refresher training as required by the job role. Training will be updated annually and occupational health and safety procedures will be included within the Operations Manual for the Sorting and Composting Plant. The safety record at the Plant will be reviewed each month at a formal meeting, led by the Plant Manager, where the agenda items, comments and attendance will be recorded and kept on file. In addition, periodic safety audits will be conducted to verify compliance with safe working practices, which will comprise physical inspections, review of Plant records and interviews with staff. The audits will assign responsibility for any corrective action necessary to mitigate a potential hazard and allow the tracking of the completion of the corrective measure. The development and implementation of an Operational Health and Safety Plan with appropriate training on use of protection equipment, hazard recognition and development of site emergency response plans must be instituted. It must be made a mandatory requirement for all personnel must be wearing safety equipment including gloves, masks, and safety shoes. Personnel working or standing close to noisy equipment should be required to wear noise protectors, clean drinking water shall be supplied to the Plant personnel. The Project Proponent's Human Resources Department will engage external consultants to deliver occupational health and safety training to Plant staff. 8.6 EMERGENCY RESPONSEPLAN(ERP) It is the responsibility of the Project Proponent to prepare an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) for various possible emergencies like fire, explosion, oil or chemical spillage, vehicle accidents, and industrial accidents. As part of the preparation of emergency procedures and the plans for accident response arrangements, the MSS will carry out the following: Review industry-specific and Malaysian standards and regulations; Establish general guidelines on potential safety and accident risks; Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - 6 GSR EnvironmentalConsultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Prepare job-specific operating instructions where appropriate; Prepare specific emergency operating instructions; Provide protective equipment (including clothing, air and ear protection etc.) as required; Evaluate information and feedback from employees; and Record and investigate all accidents, injuries and incidents. It is the responsibility of the Plant management to ensure that all Plant personnel have sufficient understanding of the emergency response procedures and evacuation routes. It is also the responsibility of all Plant personnel to follow the instructions of the designated safety officer or on-scene commander during an emergency. The operation of the Plant's emergency plan will be the responsibility of the designated safety officer and supporting staff having the knowledge of the Plant conditions and trained in emergency procedures Two or more copies of the Emergency Response Plan (ERP) shall be placed in prominent locations of the Plant building. This shall include the main reception desk of the Office, the guardhouse and/or placed in a wall-mounted cabinet near the main entrance to the Composting Plant area. Personal protective equipment (PPE) required for use during an emergency shall be placed in strategic locations of the Composting Plant. These shall include fireproof protective clothing, gloves, boots, gas masks, and self-breathing apparatus. Safety equipment and materials that may be needed in the handling of emergencies shall be made available; these shall include fire fighting equipments, barricade tape, storm drain covers, tool kits, brooms, shovels and water hose. Key information to be included in the ERP shall include: Contact information of Plant emergency personnel (to be prominently displayed); Contact information of relevant government authorities and persons (to be prominently displayed); The MSDS of chemicals stored and used in the facility; The relevant government authorities or agencies that may need to be contacted in the event of an emergency that is life threatening to individuals or the general public, or with serious environmental implications, shall include: Department of Environment, Sabah Local Authority (Dewan Bandaraya Kota Kinabalu) State Fire Department Electricity Board (Tenaga National Berhad) Police Department Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - 7 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Nearest HospitalIHealth Clinic Department of Occupational Safety and Health The emergency response plan shall also outline emergency staging area to be designated in the case of emergencies that warrant evacuation to a safe area. In the case of the Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant facility, there is little likelihood of occurrence of any major emergencies of catastrophic proportions. The facility is relatively small with a total number of factory employees not exceeding 20. The main sources of potential fire hazards are electrical faults or from the release of methane gas. 8.7 PROJECT ABANDONMENT PLAN Should the Project be abandoned at any stage during its development or operation the following plan of action will need to be introduced: A comprehensive inventory shall be prepared of all machinery, equipment and materials, including waste materials stored at the factory premises. All removable machinery and equipment shall be dismantled, cleaned, packed and transported out to storage at the Project Proponent's available sheltered storage facilities. All recoverable and utilizable materials shall be properly packed, transported and stored at the Project Proponent's available sheltered storage facility. Any remaining wastewater (leachate) from the drainage system shall be channeled to the landfill's leachate treatment plant for treatment to meet the parameter limits of Effluent Standard A as required by the Malaysian Department of Environment prior to discharge. The information on the inventory of the scheduled waste materials, if any, shall be sent to the Department of Environment and the prior permission of the Department obtained for disposal of these materials. All non-scheduled waste shall be appropriately disposed at the landfill (Kayu Madang Landfill). The Plant building shall be restored and kept in a clean condition until such time that a decision has been made on its futureuse. Any other matter not included in the above and having environmental or other implications of concern shall be brought to the attention of the Project Proponent 1 Environmental Consultant and other relevant regulatory agencies for discussion and approval, prior to any action taken on the part of the Project Proponent. Section Eight: Environmental Management and Social Development Plan Page 8 - 8 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.1: Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Construction Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates Implagsllt.tka Moa#orlop Maaimlingand m p m i n g I&& canestimate Mlrfprhhlarursr Srhedrrlu Fwasvg (Ring#t Ma*) Air Qua& Mitinu~io Mepnrres: A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters shall be provided between the During design1 Composting Plant boundary and the nearest DBKK quarters to mitigate conshuction impacts due odor, bio-aerosol, and dust emissions. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the Sorting and Composting Plant. During The Project site shall be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust- construction emission, especially in and around the excavation and construction Particulate levels (TSP, PMIo)at Monthly monitoring and Air Quality measurements: areas; Composting Facility monitored at 2 monthly reporting of RM1,000 per month locations; one upwind and the other summary results to MSS downwind relative to the site for the Management, quarterly proposed Composting Facility. reporting of summary results During to DOE and the World Bank. Storage in protected areas of stockpiles of friable constmction materials construction The cost will be part of the to avoid or minimize windblown dust emissions; cost of construction of the During Composting Facility. Proper machinery maintenance to limit noise and exhaust air emissions; Regular visual inspection by the Project Monthly reporting on the During Manager and the Environmental Affairs status of compliance to MSS Management, WB and DBKK Cover lorries with canvas when transporting fiiable construction Department to ensure compliance materials. Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagementYDevelopment Plan Page 8 - 9 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Table 8.1 (Cont'd) : Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures - During the Construction Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates Impdmentalion Monitoring Modtering.ad Reporting Imudlmpact MitkatlonMeasures Indicative Cost Eltlnutc SQEduie IRinlCpit M.l=smLsI I Noise M~tigahon~ e a s u r w A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters shall be provided between the During design/ Costs for providing a natural Co~npostingPlant boundary and the nearest DBKK quarters to mitigate construction or artificial noise banier: impacts dueto noise emissions. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick RM10,OOO to RM15.000 vegetation will be created or an artificial bamer erected on the sides facing the Sorting and Composting Plant. i Limited noisy construction activities at night and prohibit movement of During heavy vehicle at night; Construction The noise measurements shall be taken at Fortnightly monitoring, and Noise level measurements: Enforcementof vehiclespeed limits; During 3 monitoring locations; one location near monthly reporting to MSS RM 3,000 per month construction the DBKK staff quarters, one location Management, and quarterly near Sorting Facility and one location reporting to DOE and World Strict controls of vehicle routing; During near proposed Cornposting Fac~lity. Bank of summary results construction Use of protective hearing equipment for workers; During construction Diesel engine and conshuction equipment to be fitted with silencers. During construction. Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagemenUDevelopment Plan Page 8 - 10 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.1 (Cont'd) : Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Construction Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates - - d w cFkl-u m kvlrcYLt4 LusL Y U *r.Jh.prsl utvslar- Ma- (kidt-1 Mitieation Measures: Resources Development of a site drainage plan which reduces flow velocity and Before sediment load; construction stam Silt traps shall be incorporated into the temporary draining system Before Drainage system with around the Composting Facility Site at the appropriate area to enhance construction sediment basin and silt traps deposition rates and prevent contaminated water being disposed directly Starts and buck tire washing bays: into the surrounding drainage system; Part of the construction cost DBKK's tire washing facility at the Landfill site will be used by all Before trucks exiting the Project site to ensure no earth, mud and debris is construction deposited on roads outside the Landfill site. Sand and silt in the wash Starts water from such facilities shall be settled out and removed before discharging the used water into water drains; Temporary waterltoilet facilities will be provided and sewage discharges Before will be treated on site before discharge; construction Monitor water quality at 3 locations Monthly monitoring, by Water Quality measurements: Control of surface water shall be carried out to prevent damage to the during construction: qualified Laboratory and RM3,000per month proposed Composting Facility site. Site control on fill, grading and lsample at the discharge point of the monthly reporting of ditching shall be carried out to direct surface drainage away from their Sediment Basin of the Composting summary results to MSS excavations & other construction areas, and to direct the water to proper Facility, lsample of stormwater Management, and quarterly drainage facilities; discharge at the Sorting Facility and 1 reporting of summary results sample of the ground water to DOE and World Bank. Construction of separate drainage system for the Stormwater collection construction and the washwater from the Sorting Facility Parameters: COD, BOD, TSS,Oil 8r Grease, pH, Ammonical nitrogen Regular inspection of the cleanliness of Protection of temporary stockpiles of soil from erosion by using a During the perimeter water drains. reduced slope angle where practical, sheeting and by incorporating construction sediment traps in drainage ditches. Plan and execute construction earthwork methods to control surface drainage fiom cuts and fills and prevent erosion and sedimentation; Section Eight: Environmental and Social Management/Development Plan Page 8 - 11 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EiA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Wafer Proper site management to minimize surface water run-off, soil erosion Resources and the impacts of sewage eflluents; During (Cont'd) construction Adequate maintenanceof drainage systems to prevent any overflow; During construction a Critical areas within the Site shall be clearly marked and provided with protective measuresto control site runoff; During construction a Temporary channels shall be provided to facilitate run-off discharge into the appropriate watercouses, via a sediment retention pond; During Regular visual inspection by the Project Construction Manager and the Environmental Affairs Weekly inspection and All temporary drainage system and silt traps shall be properly Department to ensure compliance. quarterly status reporting to maintained throughout the Construction Phase of the Project to ensure During the MSS management and proper function ability; construction WB. Rough grade site to prevent standing water and to direct surface drainage away from excavations; During constructron All excavations shall be kept free of water at all times until completion of construction and backfilling within the excavations. During construction The composting facility upill be properly designed to protect soil, Monitor water quality during groundwater and surface water from contamination. A separate During construction. Testing water samples Monthly monitoring of water Water Quality Measurements: drainagc system shall be constructed to channel stormwater at the conshuction from stomwater drains at the quality by qualified RM3,000 per month. Sorting Facility and the Composring Facility. Composting and Sorting Facilities. (2 Laboratory. Summaty data samples), ground water at the Sorting will be compiled and Facility (I sample) and water samples submitted to MSS from Penmeter Drains at the Composting management, DOE and WB and Sorting Facilities (2 samples). quarterly Parameters: COD, BOD, TSS,Oil & Grease, pH, Ammonical nitrogen. A dedicated dramage system for the Composting Facility shall be constructed to collect and channel the leachate and the wastewater During The cost of constructing new generated from floor washings to a retention pond or sump. The Construction drains in the Cornposting collected wastewater will be sprayed back on the waste piles, using a Facility included in the closed loop system. conshuction cost. Currently, the Sorting facility does not have any drains for the collection of the wastewater generated from floor washing at the Waste Reception Daring Cost of construction of new area. A drain system will be constructed to collect the wash water and construction drains at the Waste Reception leachatefrom the Waste Reception Area of the Sorting Plant. area in the Sorting Facility to collect leachate and wash water:RM 10,000. Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagemenV2)evelopmentPlan Page 8 - 12 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  - EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Table 8.1 (Cont'd) : Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Construction Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates - I I ~mplanwunoaI I n4omltmr4ng m M 0 - q mdh p d n g tndkntiwCnt finmaw MItipYm hb.nra (RIM@ Malaydm) Plsqn-y Soil Conlamiation Surplus excavated material shall be temporarily stored at the locations During allocated at the proposed Compost Facility or removed to the landfill. construction The temporarystorage sites for excavated earth materials on site shall be cleaned and reinstated after completion of the works; Contaminated soils or earth shall be excavated and replaced with During suitable compacted fill and topsoil. The excavated contaminated soils construction and scheduled waste materials must be sent to appropriate licensed offsite facilities for recovery; Provision of oil and suspended solid interceptors to prevent During contamination of the soil; construction Oily wastes from the heavy machineries should be handled and stored in a manner which ensures that they are held securely without leakage. construction Continuous supervision by the Project Daily supervision and monthly Pan of the conshuction cost. Wastestorage areas will be well maintained andcleaned regularly; Manager and the Environmental Affairs reporting to the MSS Department Management and WB. Only licensed waste collectors authorized to collect the specific category During of wasteconcerned will be employed, construction Appropriate measures will be employed to minimize windblown litter During and dust during transportation by either covering hucks or transporting wastes in enclosed containers; Collection of general refuse will be carried out frequently, preferably consh'uction daily and disposed at the landfill; Records will be maintained of the quantities of wastes generated, i ~ ~ ~ ~ c t i o n recycled and disposed. Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagemenV2)evelopmentPlan Page 8 13- GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah --- Table 8.1 (Cont'd) : Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Constrr~ctionPhase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimatc -rsr MonI0.ri.p u dPIporPlaO I - p m r r Tt,,, and SIB c L ~ ~ ~ I c L excavation and disposal of material sp~llagcor I&age of ; vm Transport substances on land, movement of equipment and vehicles on site. Dismption, noise and increased air pollution due to increased traffic, heavy loads and abnormal loads. Miriaation Measures: \ Steps shall be taken to ensure the cleanliness of construction vehicles During leaving and entering thc sitc at all times to avoid contamination of the construction. surrounding area and public roadways. A washing bay with high- pressure water jet facilities shall be provided at the entrance to the Project Site for proper cleaning of construction vehicles; The Project site shall be wetted down to minimize fugitive dust- During emission, especially in and around the excavation and constmction construction. areas; Regular supervision by the Project Daily supervision and Part of the construction cost. During Manager and the Environmental Affairs monthly reporting to the MSS Prevention of spillage of friable excavated and construction materials construction. Department is required to ensure the Management and WB onto roadways during transportation by proper covering of lorry loads implementation of good site management with canvas; practices by all contractors during During construction. Enforcementof vehicle speed limits on unpaved roads to <35 kmlh; construction. During Regulationof access to the Sorting and Cornposting facilities; construct~on. During Minimizing drop heights for material transfer activities such as construction. unloadingof friable materials. I Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagemenV;DevelopmentPlan Page 8 - 14 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah Table 8.1 (Cont'd) : Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures u r i n g the Construction Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates lnplro~utiw Modlorlog MaaHodng.adR-og lodiatlw Cod E.llm.lc Mitiptloo Mo.lufea sehd.ls Frcqu-~ (~1ttgei1mhrri.1 I .crrpulionul M,liaution Meusur-es: Healthand Stability of the vertical slope near the DBKK staff quarters shall be Duringdesignl '\ Safe@ investigated. If necessary, the slope should be stabilized to prevent a conshuction land slide. I The design and construction of the Composting Plant (especially in Duringdesignl waterloggedareas) should assure that there will be suitable drainage and construction stability to support the heavy mobile equipment, such as windrow turner I that will be used during composting operations. The area along the top slope shall be fenced to prevent children from Before falling. construction ' Temporary barriers shall be provided to prevent public entry to construction areas without proper PPE's and to protect existing facilities During and adjacent properties From damage from construction operations; consmction. Continuous supervision by Project Daily supervision and monthly Provide adequate personnel I Piling shall be camed out in such a manner and at such tlmes to Manager and Environmental Affairs reporting to MSS Management protection equipment for the minimize noise and disturbance; During construction. Department to ensure implementation of and WB construction site personnel. Project Proponent's EHS policies. The cost of PPE included in Pnor to pile driving, the potential for causing damage to neighboring the construction cost. properties or sensitive equipment in adjacent structures due to vibrations shall be assessed and appropriate action taken; During construction. The main noise-generating source will be the piling activity. However, the use of hydraulic piling machinely will reduce the noise emission During considerably; construction. Occupational noise and dust exposure shall be the main concerns. The exposed workers shall be provided with dust masks. Construction workers working in close proximity to the noise-generating sources and consmction. exposed to excessive noise levels shall be provided with suitable hearing protection; As far as possible local workers should be employed. During construction. Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagemenuDevelopmentPlan Page 8 - 15 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Occupational If employment of foreign workers is unavoidable, then proper legal During Healtl~and employmentstatus and health records will be ensured; conshuction Safe@(Cont'd) If needed, proper on-site accommodation will be provided with During adequate water supply, proper sanitation facilities for sewage disposal construction. and solid waste disposal; Foreign workers will be closely monitored to prevent anti-social During behaviorand related problems when interacting with local communities. construction. Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagemenYlDevelopmentPlan Page 8 - 16 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah - Table 8.2: Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Operation Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates I I Monitorimp. Miliption %lrasurra sbudmpac Water Ml~ieofionMeasures: Resources The composting facility will be properly designed to protect soil, Monitor water quality during operations. Monthly monitoring of water Water Quality Measurements: groundwater and surface water fiom contamination. A separate Testing water samples from stormwater quality by qualified RM3,000per month. drainage system shall be used to channel stormwater at the Sorting Plant drains at the Composting and Sorting Laboratory. Summary data and the Composting Plant. Facilities. (2 samples), ground water at will be compiled and the Sorting Facility (I sample) and water submitted to MSS samples Crom Perimeter Drains at the management, DOE and WB Composting and Sorting Facilities (2 quarterly. samples). Parameters: COD, BOD, TSS, Oil & Grease, pH, Ammonical nitrogen. A dedicated drainage system for the Composting Plant shall be used to The cost of constructing new collect and channel the leachate and the wastewater generated from drains in the Composting floor washings to a retention pond or sump. The collected wastewater Facility included in the will be sprayed back on the waste piles, using a closed loop system. construction cost. Cost of construction of new Currently, the Sorting Plant does not have any drains for the collection of the wastewater generated From floor washing at the Waste Reception drains at the Waste Reception area in the Sorting Facility to area. A drain system will be used to collect the wash water and leachate from the Waste Reception Area of the Sorting Plant. collect leachate and wash water: RM 10,000. The surface run-off must be prevented by using air permeable geo-ti sheets to cover the waste piles; Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagemenY2)evelopmentPlan Page 8- 17 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  H A : Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table g.Z(Cont'd): Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Operation Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates -- mdm- M-dIlcp.rtiy ~ ~ c * . t ~ m m i e a n r t r p r i l n w M- L %urcy @ 4 m M W Air QrraIiry MLi~atitmbkrrrures: and IMu Good housekeeping must be practiced at the Sorting and Composting Regular visual inspection by the Plant generation Facilities. Manager and the EA Department Regular monitoring of operating parameters (Oxygen level, temperature, Ambient air pollutant concentrations for Monthly monitoring by Air Quality Measurements: moisturc content, etc.) of the windrows, to ensure the composting TSP, PM1O,"OC, Methane,and NH3. qualified Laboratoly and RM3,000 per month process is always in aerobic conditions. report submitted quarterly to 4 ambient air monitoring locations - 1 the MSS management, location at the DBKK Staff quarters, and WB upwind and downwind locations at Ensure appropriate moisture levels of the windrows are maintained cornposting Plant and 1 downwind especially during turning of the windrows to effectively control the air Frequency of measurement location at the Sorting Facility. may be reduced with the emissions in the form of bio-aerosols. consent from DOE and WB, afier the first year, provided the readings are consistent A minimum buffer distance of 61 meters between the Composting Plant and well within the boundaty and the DBKK staff quarters is expected to mitigate adverse regulatory limits. impacts from odor, bio-aerosol and dust emissions to the residents of the DBKK staff quarters. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be created or an artificial banier erected on the sides facing the Sorting and Composting Plant. The incoming MSW must not be allowed to accumulate and must be processed to reduce the generation of odor due to putrefaction. Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagemenUZ)evelopmentPlan Page 8 18 - GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinubalu Sorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah - Table 8.2(Cont'd): Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Operation Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates I hlunlloring Monitoringand Rcportin~ Indicslivr Curt Ertimrle luufllmprcl hllligncion>leasure$ Fmquency (RlnySil Malo) rim) Soil Miriporion Measures: The composting on a suitably designed base will protect the soil from contamination. Continuously monitor application of 6-monthly reports to the MSS Separate drainage system for the stormwater and the leachate from the EMP and good site management management. windrows will be used. The collected leachate will be sprayed back practices and take corrective action, if Annual reporting of summary onto the waste piles on a regular basis to reduce potential for overflow required. results to DOE and WB. and soil contamination. Quality of drainage systems. Eficiency of operation. All trucks (including their tires) exiting the Project site will be washed at DBKK's existing truck washing facility. In addition, all dust-laden roadways within the Landfill site used by mcks under this Project will be wetted down. These measures will be adhered to and closely monitored by site supervisor. The surface run-off will be prevented by using air-permeable geotextile covers to protect the windrows. Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagemendDevelopment Plan Page 8 - 19 GSR EnvironmentalConsultancySdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.2(Cont'd): Summary of EnvironmentalImpacts and MitigationMeasures Duringthe OperationPhase, and AssociatedImplementationSchedule and Cost Estimates 1 Mitigation Measares Monitoring I I -- ~ I A minimum b u f f ~dishme of61 metam tkGmqostingPlant 1Visual inspection of the condition of the Maintenance costs for the boundaryand the DBlCK sdfqamtcrsis inimbkl to rniimize adverse natural or art~ficialbarrier natural or artificial noise impacts due to noise emissions to the residents ofthe DBKK staff barrier: I I quarters. In addition, a natural barrier of tall thick vegetation will be RM 5,000 peryear created or an artificial barrier erected on the sides facing the Sorting and Composting Plant. Generators and air compressors will be equipped with silencers; When the Plant is in full operation noise Monthly noise monitoring Noise level measurements: audit measurements are to be carried out and quarterly reporting of RM3,000per month by qualified Laboratoty at noise sources summary results to MSS Design outdoor equipment for noise limit will be 85 dB (A) at 1 m; and at noise receptors around the Plant. management, DOE and WB. The three noise monitoring locations are: Plant workers will be provided with protective wear in Plant areas with I . Near the DBKK Staff Quarters; noise levels in excess of 80 dBA(TWA). 2. At the Composting Facility and; 3. At the Sorting Facility. Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagemenYlDevelopment Plan Page 8 - 20 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.2(Cont'd): Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Operation Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates tmpksleat.dom hl0dnri.g ladiullvcCortEathmts MIllytbn Mcuara khcdalc Mitieotion Measures: Control Supervision by Plant Manager and EA Daily supervision Good housekeeping and regular maintenance of the Plant must be Department. implemented. The MSW must be processed within 4-6 hours of arrival at the Waste Receiving Area to control pests. The movement and storage of incoming MSW and in process material must be appropriately managed to prevent MSW and its components being strewn around the Plant area. A synchronized pest control program, will improve health conditions at Pest control program Monthly inspection and Pest control program: the Plant site considerably. Pest control measures will be implemented reporting half yearly of RM10,000 per year. and health authorities will be consulted about the health risks posed by summary results to MSS stray dogs at the Project site. management and WB. The tires at site w~llbe appropriately d~sposedof to prevent vector Daily supervision Part of the capital cost for the breeding. entire facility. - - - - --------- - - - - - Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagementlDevelopment Plan Page 8 - 21 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.2(Cont9d): Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures --- During the Operation Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates M o u l ~ Mod-.Dd lmdlmth QnMmste Frrgumey PUoPllMdyd.) Health and Regular training programs on the general operation of the Plant, Regular on-site training. Regular staff Monthly reports to MSS Training Cost : RM 12,000 occupational health and safety and contingency plans and emergency checks, Systemchecks and field tests of management, and annual per year procedures will be conducted. The training program will be designed to emergency procedures by EA reporting of sumnary results ensure that all site personnel (including the supervisors) are used to Department. to WB. operate the Plant and intimately familiar with the occupational health and safety and emergency procedures including the health and injury risks. All employees will be provided with all necessary personal protective Regular inspection by Plant Manager and Daily inspection and status of Personal Protection equipment, including protective clothing, eye goggles, gloves, hard hats, the EA Department to ensure incidences must be reported Equipment for the site dust masks and safety shoes. Clean protective clothing will be provided compliance. monthly to the MSS personnel: by MSS to all employees on a weekly basis and will be worn at all times management and quarterly to RM 10,000 per year at the Plant site. Gloves will be worn by all employees handling MSW WB. to be included in or compost. Hard hats will be worn by all employees operating mobile operation cost equipment or working in areas where chutes are located. Noise protection equipment will be worn by all employees working near loud equipment. These measures will be strictly enforced by MSS management. Health screening of the Site personnel Half yearly report to MSS Cost of health screening and Number of personnel with breathing or management and WB. inoculation: All men and womcn employees will be provided by MSS with separate skin related illnesses. RM 5,000 per year shower facilitiesand change rooms with lockers. An air-conditioned lunch facility of sufficient capacity will be provided by MSS to accommodate the employees on an appropriate rotational basis. Health screening of all site personnel will be performed at least twice a year. Site personnel who have been showing signs of allergies must be transferred or moved to areas of the Plant that has low incidences of dust 1 bio-aerosols. All site personnel will be inoculated against hepatitis, tetanus, and influenza. Clear marking of work site hazards and training in recognition of hazard symbols. All the above health and safety measures will be enforced by the Project Proponent. Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagernentYDevelopment Plan Page 8- 22 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota KinabaluSorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.2(Cont'd): Summary of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures During the Operation Phase, and Associated Implementation Schedule and Cost Estimates ' 1- I d m p ~ Mltiplr[om Memom I I MnmiDorlng M o d ~ ~ d nmnd Repam g uotblirecon&taimrtr Jmpacb ".. - -- Socio- Economic and Miti~ationand Abatement Measures: Cultural Environment Ensure that at least 50% of the workforce at the Sorting and Composting Plant site is from the State of Sabah. Facilitate phasing out of the scavenging activities at the Landfill by Record employment of waste pickers Annual reports to MSS offering employment at the sorting and Composting Plant. Social satisfaction as measured by staff Management and WB interviews and complaints submitted. Conduct public awareness programs with DBKK and NGOs on the environmental benefits of separating organic waste and recyclable materialsat source. Cost of conducting public awareness program every 6 months: RMlS,000 per year. Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagementfDevelopment Plan Page 8- 23 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.3: EnvironmentalMonitoring Plan during the ConstructionPhase NO. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PARAMETERS RECULATORY MONITORTNC/ COMPONENT TARGET COMPLIANCE REPORTING PREOUENCY 1. Air Emissions Locations: .Parameters: I. 1 Ambient Air b Two(2)samplinglocations:one(1) b TSP &PMlo EnvironmentalQuality upwind and one(1) downwind relative (Clean Air) Regulations, to CompostingFacility. Duration: 1978. b One(1)locationat theSorting Facility. 24 hours b One(1)locationat theDBKK Staff Quarters. 2. Noise Monitoring Locations: .Parameters: Malaysian DOE guideline 2.1 Boundary Noise b One(1)locationnearthe proposed LA,^^, LA^^", LACq,LA10 maximum limit of 70 dB@) Composting Facility. & LA~O during the day and 60 b One(1)location, 1 meterfrom dB(A) during the night. boundary of Sorting Facility. Duration: b One(1) locationnearDBKK Staff b Daytime :8 hours Quarters. b NightTime : 8hours 3. Water Sampling 3.1 Stormwater b SedimentBasin dischargeat the Parameters: EnvironmentalQuality Monthly/Quarterly Composting Facility (1 sample). b pH,COD, BOD,TSS, (Sewage and Industrial b SortingFacility perimeterdrain Oil & Grease, Effluents) Regulations, (1 sample). Ammonical nitrogen 1979 b SortingFacility stomwater drain (1 sample). Sampling Method: 3.2 Ground Water bGroundwaterwell(1 sample) b Grab sampling Section Eight: Environmental and Social ManagemendDeveIopment Plan Page 8 - 24 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.3 (Cont'd): Environmental Monitoring Plan during the Construction Phase NO. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PARALMETERS REGULATORY MONlTORlNGl COMPONENT TARGET COMPLIANCE REPORTING FREQUENCY ----, 4. Health and Safety b Machinery, storage containers, etc. b Periodic inspection Occupational Safety and Daily 4.1 Equipment and testing of Health Act 1994 [Act 1541 equipment Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1970 Factories and Machinery (Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection) Regulations, 1970 4.2 Emergency Response b Preparedness for emergency situations. b Periodic inspectionof Quarterly Emergency equipment Section Eight: Environmental and Sociul ManagemenVWevelopmentPlan Page 8 - 25 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Subah Table 8.4: Environmental Monitoring Plan during the Operation Phase NO. ENVlRONMENTAL MONITORING REGULATORY MONITORING/ COMPONENT TARGET COMPLUNCE 1. Air Emissions Locations: Parameters: 1.1 Ambient Air b Two(2)samplinglocations: one(1) bTSP & PMlo,VOC, EnvironmentalQuality upwind and one(1) downwind relative Methane, and (Clean Air) Regulations, to CornpostingFacility. 1978. b One(1)locationat theSortingFacility. Duration: b One(1)locationat theDBKK Staff b 24 hours Quarters. 2. Noise Monitoring Locations: Parameters: Malaysian DOE guideline 2.1 Boundary Noise b One(1) locationnearthe proposed L ~ n , a x ,LAnltn,LA^^, LAW maximum limit of 70 dB@) Monthly//Quarterly Composting Facility. & LA~O during the day and 60 b One(1)location,1 meterfrom dB(A) during the night. boundary of Sorting Facility. Duration: b One(1)locationnearDBKKStaff b Daytime : 8 hours Quarters. b NightTime :8 hours 3. Water Sampling 3.1 Stormwater b CompostingFacilitystormwaterdrain Parameters: EnvironmentalQuality MonthlyIQuarterly (1 sample). b pH,COD, BOD,TSS, (Sewage and Industrial b SortingFacility6tannwaierdrairr Oil & Grease, EMuents) Regulations, (1 W P ~ ) . Arnmonical nitrogen 1979 3.2 Ground Water b a- well {1 smpk) Sampling Method: 3.3 Samples from Perimeter bSmingi dCompostingFacilities b Grab sampling Drains (2 samples) Section Eight: Environmentaland Social ManagemenV'DevelopmentPlun Page 8 - 26 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EZA: Kota Kinubalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Table 8.4 (Cont'd): EnvironmentalMonitoringPlan during the Operation Phase NO. ~ Q P M E N T A L MONlTOmG P A R A m ' m s i t i M m A m Y COMpor(ENT TAWET c2mmAma r t E m R T I N G ~ C ' 4. Health and Safety b Machmery,storage containers, etc. b Periodicinspection Occupational Safety and A ~ u a l l y 4.1 Equipment and testing of Health Act 1994 [Act 1541 equipment Factories and Machinery (Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1970 Factories and Machinery (Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection) Regulations, 1970 4.2 Emergency Response b Preparedness for emergency situations. b Period~cinspection of Quarterly Emergency equipment 4.3 Health b Site personneVemployees b Routine health Semi-Annually screening 4.4 Pest Control b Vectors b Regular pest control Semi-Annually program Section Eight: Environmentaland Social MunagemenV'DevelopmentPlan Page 8 - 27 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah SECTION NINE PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND DISCLOSURE INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL APPROACH In order to ensure that the views and interests of all project stakeholders are taken into accounts, public consultation with other govemment agencies involved in the EIA and obtaining views of local people and affected groups. This consultation has been undertaken as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment process. The process of this consultation is also implemented in accordance with World Bank requirements for Phase I consultations. Public Consultation Regulations and Requirements In accordance with World Bank requirements, namely the Bank's Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 Environmental Assessment and other key documents, affected groups and NGOs must be consulted as part of the environmental assessment of projects. The primary purpose of this provision is to protect the interests of affected communities. Therefore, the EIA process should include consultation and disclosure of information to key stakeholders involved in and/or affected by the Sorting and Composting Plant Project. The objectives of consultation and disclosure are to ensure that all stakeholders and interested parties, are fully informed of the proposed project, have the opportunity to voice their concerns and that any issues resulting from this process are addressed in the EIA and incorporated into the design and implementation of the project. CONSULTATION METHODOLOGY The adopted methodology for the public consultation comprises two phases, including four elements, namely: Phase I 1. Discussions with local stakeholders during scoping and preparation of this EIA- Report; Section Nine: Public Consultation and Disclosure Page 9 - 1 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok,Sabah 2. As far as public disclosure is concerned, major initiatives to inform the public and interested parties about the Sorting and Cornposting Plant Project include the following: a. Press advertisement describing the project and inviting interested parties to attend the public meeting and review the Draft Final EIA Report(presented in Annex 4); b. Distribution of Stakeholders questionnaire forms; c. Distribution of an invitation (Stakeholders Attendance List is presented in Annex 5 and List of Invited persons and organizations are presented in Annex 6) ;and d. The Draft Final EIA Report, including the Executive Summary, locally at the DBKK's office and MS Smart's Office at the Sorting Facility in Kota Kinabalu, and via the World Bank Infoshop will be disclosed once the Draft EIA is approved. Phase I1 I. The organization of a Public Meeting in the City of Kota Kinabalu, and on-going consultation through an "open-door" policy during construction and operation of the Sorting and Cornposting Plant. STAKEHOLDERS During the EIA process, stakeholders for the project have been identified and include the following: Dewan Bandaraya Kota knabalu; Department of Environment, Sabah; Environment Protection Department; Local people including population representatives; and NGOs and other environmental interests. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM An effective, accessible Grievance Redress Mechanism must be established, and the public should be informed of their right to redress their complaints or grievances and of the procedures to invoke it. The framework of the Grievance Redress Mechanism should include the following; Processes for receiving the grievances of the individuals or affected parties in the local communities who are dissatisfied with the design of mitigation measures or patterns of actual implementation. Section Nine: Public Consultation and Disclosure Page 9 -2 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CornpostingPlant at Telipok, Sabah Community processes for addressing the disputes or complaints of affected parties in the local communities. The distribution of responsibilities between all the Stakeholders including the local communities themselves in the event of unanticipated problems or impacts, or the failure of mitigation measures. The proposed framework for the Grievance Redress Mechanism should be discussed with, and be acceptable to all the Stakeholders including the workers of the plant, waste pickers, other labourers, and residents of nearby villages. A Grievance Procedure booklet that summarizes the key impacts, grievance procedures, and other information of greatest interest to affected parties must be proactively prepared. This booklet should be distributed to the villages and other Stakeholders by the Project Proponent. The booklet must contain the phone numbers, locations, and working hours of both the Project Office and the Grievance Committee, giving people better access to the Project Proponent. The Project Proponent must have public grievance booths at the entrance to the Project Site, DBKK office and Kampung Lapasang to make it conveniently accessible for all affected parties and for timely collection of grievances. Upon receipt of grievance issues, the Grievance Redress Committee will review the issues and interview aggrieved parties. The recommendations from the Committee must be implemented by the Project Proponent and the progress of implementation monitored by the Committee. Grievance Redress Committee would include representatives from the local communities and their village leaders, the legal authority in the municipality (DBKK and DOE) and reputable NGO (Sabah Society or Sabah Environmental Protection Association). The committee members may receive a small honorarium for each case. MANAGEMENT AND PARTICIPATION Public consultation and disclosure is managed and undertaken by Environmental Consultant. Phase I of the consultation and disclosure process, which included presentation of EIA-Report and a Stakeholder's meeting, was undertaken in close collaboration with the MS Smart Recycling Sdn. Bhd. and the Environmental Consultant. An EIA report is being prepared expressly for the Department of Environment Concerned stakeholders including Regulatory Agencies, economic representatives, NGO's and local people, have been, and will continue to be, requested to actively participate in this process. The local disclosure of the Draft Final EIA-Report will be done upon approval of the Draft ETA report. The proceedings of the Stakeholders meeting are presented in the following pages. Section Nine: Public Consultation and Disclosure Page 9- 3 GSR EnvironmentalConsultancy Sdn. Bhd  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Cornposting Plant at Telipok, Sabah PROCEEDINGS OF STAKEHOLDERS MEETING FOR KOTA KINABALU SORTING AND COlMPOSTING PLANT PROJECT DATE OF MEETING NOVEMBER 26,2007. VENUE OF MEETING LE MERIDIEN, KOTA KINABALU. PURPOSE OF MEETlNG TO UNDERTAKE CONSULTATIONS WITH PROJECT-AFFECTED GROUPS AND LOCAL NON- GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) FOR THE PURPOSE OF OBTAINING STAKEHOLDER VIEWS ON THE PROJECT'S ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS. AGENDA OF MEETING 1. Brief Self introduction by participants 2. Project brief by MS Smart Recycling Sdn. Bhd. 3. Presentation of detailed project description, potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures 4. Questions and answers 5. Lunch by project proponent IN ATTENDANCE REFER ATTACHED LIST 1. The meeting commenced at 12 noon and Mr Rsunaathan of MS Smart Recycling briefed the meeting on the project background, objectives, potential benefits to the community and the company's readiness to ensure a responsible attitude by undertaking to comply with a11 the recommendations of the Environmental Impact Assessment Report prepared for the World Bank by GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd. The company would be happy to address any and all concerns of Stakeholders present at today's Meeting as well as any relevant written concerns that may be forwarded to the company subsequent to this Meeting. Mr Rsunaathan also introduced the local Environmental Consultant who will be undertaking the second Environmental Impact Assessment Study in conjunction with the submission of an EIA Report for the approval of the Sabah State off~ceof Federal Department of Environment. 2. A comprehensive presentation of the Project, its potential environmental impacts and mitigation measures was made by Mr Ramkumar of GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd. Section Nine: PubIic Consultation and Disclosure Page 9 - 4 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah 3. Proceedings of the Meeting: Questions and Answers Questions Answers I. Dr Henry Chok: 1M r Ramkumar: Is there a receiving area within the The Sorting Plant has been in operation since May 2006, it Project site where the sorting of the has a reception area with a one day's storage capacity prior to recyclables will take place? the process of recovery of recyclables. At the end of the end of 3 processes the recovered materials are baled and sold to buyers. ii. Dr Henry Chok: M r Ramkumar: How much of the 450 tonnes of the The organic fraction of the incoming MSW from the Sorting incoming MSW is organic waste? Facility amounts to 225 tonne per day, while the yard waste will be directly delivered to the Composting ~ a c i l i kamounts to 45 tonne per day. iii. Dr Henry Chok: Mr Ramkumar: What kind of air emissions are With good control of the composting process as per the expected from the composting piles? recommended techniques (aerobic windrow composting), the only air emissions will carbon dioxide, water vapour and trace amounts of volatile organic compounds. The control parameters for this type of composting process are temperature, oxygen levels, moisture content and Carbonlnitrogen ratio. If these parameters are not closely observed then odorous compounds may be emitted which What are the operating hours of the The Sorting Facility is currently operating one shift of 8-10 Sorting and Composting Plant? hours. The Facility has 3 independent lines, each of with processing capacity of 160 tonne per day and can be operated up to 2 shifts per day as the need arises. The composting plant is operated on a 24-hr basis and involves a continuous process. ! Dr Henry Chok: M r Ramkumar: What would happen if there is any Minor breakdowns may involve mechanical failure of major breakdown in the Sorting processing equipment. Since there are 3 independent Facility and how will this be handled in processing lines for the Sorting operation, the Sorting process terms of the incoming MSW? interruption will only be transient due to available speedy maintenance procedure. The only major breakdown will be vi. Dr Henry Chok: Is it not better to have MSW to be MSS prefers sorting to occur at source as this would result in separated out at source? all the segregated organics to go directly to the Composting Facility. He further explained that the recyclables received at the Sorting Facility would be in a cleaner condition. He stated that MS Smart is currently in discussions with DBKK to promote the separation at source. vii. Dr Henry Chok: M r Ramkumar: Do you have any analytical data on the We do not have this as yet but data is available from the compost material that will be Egyptian experience. produced? Mr Rsunaathan: Some random samples of compost material have been sent to the University of Malaya, Sabah for analysis. He also informed that they have tied up with the University to conduct viii. Dr Henry Chok: M r Ramkumar: What is the construction period of the Total of 8 months including design phase and construction Composting Facility? activities. ix. Dr Henry Chok: M r Ramkumar: Will medical waste be handled at the Clinical Waste is not delivered to the Project Site. However s e c t i i in& public ~onsultationand Disclosure Page 9 - 5 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd   EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telpok, Sabah NGO's. among those who did not turn up were the EPD, Environmental Action Committee and Consumer Association of Sabah and Labaun. xvi. Dr Henrv Chok: M r Ramkumar: IAsked if the Environmental Consultant The Consultant was not aware of the project and suggested was aware of a Oyster Culture project that this matter be taken up by the local environment in the Salut Bay / Mengkabong Bay consultant in the second EIA Study. Area xvii Mrs Zahra Yaacob : Mr Rsunaathan: When is the construction of the DOE approval of the EIA report has to be secured then there Composting Facility expected to will be a project appraisal by the World Bank expected by the commence? end of this year. The ERPA is expected to be signed in January 2008. It is hoped the construction can commence in Febhlar 2008. xviii Mrs Zahra Yaacob : M r Rsunaathan: Reminded the Environmental Noted Consultant to consult, for the next EIA, the following parties; 1. Environmental Protection Department 2. Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park 3. Polytechnic There being no further questions. Mr Rsunaathan thanked all participants present, and the Meeting was adjouned for lunch at 2pm. Attendance List: Ms Julia Department of Environment, Sabah State Office Mr Sylvastar Head of Village, Kampung Peniang Mr. Geoffery Lojilim Head of Village, Kampung Lapasang Puan Zahra Yacoob President, Sabah Society (NGO) Mr Eric Thein Member of Sabah EnvironmentalProtection Association @GO) Mr Henry Chok President, Sabah Environmental Protection Association (NGO) and member of Environmental Action Committee (NGO) Kenny Chua UMNO party Committee member (ruling party of Sabah State) Rebecca William Ensolve Sdn.Bhd. Cik Azreen Ensolve Sdn. Bhd. Ms Lo So Mui Ensolve Sdn. Bhd. - Section Nine: Public Consultation and Disclosure Page 9 7 GSR Environmental ConsultancySdn Bhd.  ANNEX 1 EIA TEAM MEMBERS  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and CompostingPlant at Telipok,Sabah EIA STUDY TEAM This particular EIA Study required specific expertise in industrial projects with primary focus on industrial waste management and environmental engineering. In line with this, a chemical-cum-environmental engineering consultant from GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd., Godwin Singam, (a former DOE senior staff) with more than 30 years of experience in diverse environmental specialist areas was appointed the Project Director for the EIA Study. The EIA Team included a senior mechanical engineer, Ram Kurnar, with more than 15 years of environmental experience, and who, among others things, is specialized in the management of solid waste, evaluation of industrial processes and sources of air emissions, and the design of air emission control systems. This EIA Team member was assigned as Project Manager for the EIA Study. The EIA Team also included a senior environmental scientist, Savitri Rarniah, who had been involved in EIA studies for more than 15 years. This EIA Team member was assigned the tasks involving environmental quality baseline monitoring and field assessments, the formulation of environmental monitoring & management plans. Public health concerns, occupational health-related issues, and social impacts were evaluated by the Project Director and a senior EIA Team member, D. M. Rao, both of whom had previously served extensively in the Ministry of Health and the DOE. The Project Director has undertaken post-graduate studies in public health and also previously worked in the field of industrial occupational health in the United States. Any enquiries concerning the EIA study should be directed to: GSR Etlviromnental ConsultancySds. Bhd. No.IS, andFloor, Jalan SS15/4B, 47500SubmgJaya Maiqsia Tel 03 56216706 - Fax 03 56217607 - For amntioa af: IYssjectManager: hlab& No; b E M d Team Members A l - 1 GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  ANNEX 2 REFERENCES  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah References 1. Government of Malaysia, Eight Malaysia plan, Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department, 2001 - 2005. 2. Government of Malaysia, Ninth Malaysia plan, Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister's Department, 2006 - 2010. 3. Government of Malaysia, Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Bill and Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Corporation Bill, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 2007. 4. Government of Malaysia, Solid, Department of Statistics, Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 2007. 5. Government of Malaysia, National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Solid Waste Management (SWM), Ministry of Housing and Local Government, 2003. 6. Solid waste disposal in Sabah Survey Report, Environmental Conservation Department, Sabah, August 2002. 7. Sabah State Government, Sabah Structure Plan 2020 (Final), Environmental and Conservation Workgroup, June 2001. 8. Sabah State Government, Sabah Conservation of Environment (Prescribed Activities) Order 1999. 9. Government of Malaysia, Act 127, Environmental Quality Act 1974, Department of Environment. 10. Government of Malaysia, Environmental Quality (Sewage And Industrial Effluents) Regulations 1979, Department of Environment. 11. Government of Malaysia, Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 1978, Department of Environment. 12. Government of Malaysia, Interim National Water Quality Standards For Malaysia, Department of Environment. 13. Government of Malaysia, Recommended Malaysian Air Quality Guidelines (RMAQG), Department of Environment. References Page A2- I GSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd.  EIA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok,Sabah 14. Solid Waste Management by Nadzri Yahaya, Ph.D, Deputy Director General, National Solid Waste Department at Conference on Climate Change Preparedness, Malaysia. 15. Study on Grid Connected Electricity Baselines in Malaysia, The Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) Capacity Building Project, April 2006. 16. Introductory Note by The Coastal Zone Management Unit, Integrated Coastal Zone Management In The States Of Penang, Sabah And Sarawak, Malaysia Sabah Pilot Project Component, Town and Regional Planning Department, Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Sabah December, 1996. 17. The Scenario of Solid Waste Management in Malaysia - A Case Study Professional Training Program on Solid Waste Management in SEA Cities, 4-5 July 2005, Siem Reap, Cambodia. 18. Rapid Survey of Development Opportunities & Constraints (Doc) in the Coastal Zone (January - April 1999). 19. Environmental Impact Assessment for A1 Hamrnam Landfill Project, Prepared By Integral Consult, Egypt August 2005. 20. Compost Market Development Project, Perth, Australia, Municipal Solid Waste Project September 2006. 21. Environmental Impact Assessment, Community Development Carbon Finance, Tashkent Solid Waste Composting Project, Industrial Board Mahsustrans April 2007. 22. Health Impact Assessment of Project Greensweep, A Composting Project in North Devon, Joanna M Smith, Health Forum. 23. Modem Residuals Processing in Theory and Practice- Steve Gale 2001. 24. South Cairo Project and Future projects we are going to register as CDM, CDM workshop in Morocco, Islam Ayman ENTAG & ECARU. 25. Improving management Of Municipal Solidwaste In India Overview And Challenges David Hanrahan, Sanjay Srivastava, A. Sita Ramakrishna, Environment Unit, South Asia Region, World Bank, 2006. 26. Occupational and Environmental Health Issues of Solid Waste Management Special Emphasis on Middle- and Lower-Income Countries, Sandra Cointreau Urban Sector Board, The World Bank Group Washington, D.C., 2006. References Page A2- 2 CSR Environmental ConsultancySdn. Bhd  EZA: Kota Kinabalu Sorting and Composting Plant at Telipok, Sabah 27. Comparison of compost standards within the EU, North America and Australasia, The Waste and Resources Action Programme, June 2002. 28. Design of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) For Processing the Recyclable Materials of New York City's Municipal Solid Waste by Alexander J. Dubanowitz Advisor: Prof. Nickolas J. Themelis. 29. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Resources Engineering, Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering. 30. Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, May 2000. 31. Marketing Composts and Meeting Consumer Needs, Cornell Waste Management Institute, Compost Fact Sheet Series, 200412005. 32. Municipal Solid Waste Composting: Physical Processing, Tom L. Richard Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Cornell University, 2005. 33. Municipal Solid Waste Management And Carbon Finance, Carbon Finance Unit Training Session, Charles Peterson and Ahmed Mostafa, March 29,2007. 34. Detailed EIA of the proposed development of Sanitary landfill, Mukim Rawang, Daerah Gombak, Selangor DE Malaysia. 35. State Government of Sabah website, www.sabah.p;ov.my 36. Kota Kinabalu City Hall website, www.dbkk.sabah.~ov.mv 37. Engineering Task Group website, www.entaer.net 38. Egyptian Company for Solid Waste Utilisation, www.ecanr.net 39. Kota Kinabalu Industrial Park website, www.kkip.com 40. United Nations Economic and Social Affatrs, Chapter 28 of Local Agenda 21, Local Authorities' Initiatives In Support Of Agenda 21. 41. World Bank, Operational Policy (OP) 4.01Environmental Assessment, 1999. References Page A2- 3 CSR Environmental Consultancy Sdn. Bhd  ANNEX 3 LABORATORY CERTIFICATES  CmMSIUN KONSULTANTSDN BED 0 (1 3@04-u) SIAN!A%d Lot7, Lorong Swh, OffLorong Buah Duku 1 %an PerindubimSuria,J a h Kelambong m LOQ~KC 17025 88450 Kot. Kinrbalu, S M . Mrlaysia TESTMO TEST REPORT * NOT FORADVEIUISEMENT PURPOSESI Customer : W -fhwImnq& EW, IA- : C W W 1 7 M 7 NP 11(Clt)y1PuII Tm[lbSdW : W-tS! i ~ w w h ~ s r k r w~sir~f : rnUm#bdlPdk h.TW : 2P%pm&?m m1rOKMh mmcedr : c- WI W2 W3 Date: 14/09/07 Date: 11/09/07 Date: 14/09/07 'l'inic:3.16 pm Tirnc: 3.48 pn~ 'I'in~c:3.35 pnl Tnpclratnak'C(hilu/ 14.09.07) 32.3 30.0 33.0 A t A J J 5 0 1 ~ 9 9 3 pH Value (inaitu114.09.07) 4.4 1 8.7 5.9 APHA UW-H I,fm Froc ResidualChlarine tas CU.mi@ I d h u ~lkdW1 <0.I <o.I <o.1 (iiaitu/ 14.09.97) kvrdan ? W ~ I Cmyum~ar DimtvcdO x y m rn@L 2.8 9.5 4.8 APHA ~ o nG,199s 9 (in-sltu / 14.09.07) BiochemicalOxygenD e m d h5 278 229 28 APHd32IO Ba U(IQOG. 1995 days@ 2PC. mBlL ChanicalOxygcnDcnmnd, mdL 696 1,739 37.4 APIM JZW4 t ~ 9 5 ToulSrrspa~dalSdkb,tngL 12.0 25.0 8.0 APW U@ D. I9W A fXl& GWW. m& cl.5 1.8 I ,6 dPW WO & lW3 Ckmium. Hexlwalent( a ~Cfi, 40.01 ~ 0 .10 eO.01 w #PHd 15lXJ-OQ 1995 h H e w o W R W b a r d m 1 ChmmiumTtivslcnt( C?'b mg/L t + ~ <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 APH.4 JSWCr 0 IIA Boron (asBhmglL 0.1 4.I <o. I A m BPI-8 r,IWJ m o l . m%L co.01 <o.o1 co.01 A M 5540C. 1911 Ammoniocol-Nivogen(8s NHs-NX 662 520 26.4 A?HA U M IC. Im W L  W T REPORT * NOTP(Y-WW NJ-' Customer : QSR E n v ~ oCmsuhaq&ts S d . ~ l Ll)(a : Wla 139,JalanBunus,2* F h r 'we@wf'-mh : W P ) ~ Z I l t ~ e r s l k r u d ymbdd ~ : a'-= - m ~ n :S w a m M C W r : m m w 4 7 a m - wr rn M JF--a . Dlr:I&Wm m:I m w bin:- rb:S . I & p m : w m Flr13.s~ am r0.m - <0.02 4.02 4 u *kWsS1 -a m m o d APHA 31I!&m 0.02 c0.02 0.05 0.06 a.002 a.002 1.31 1.90 LIR Page 1 of 2  C H E M M KON8Ur,ZAHTl!WHBBD 0 t130904-U) n"~ME!% Lat7, LorongSuria,Off L mBuah Rdm 1 %manPerindustrianStria, M m Kelorn- MsIswEc17015 88450 KotaKinabalu,Sabah, Malaysir TESTING 'MfN88-33lW7A8127s Fax6088-SlW&mil;~ . ~ c h e m s a i n . c crWIY1ID.ma m TESTREPORT Lab No: CWCL405/1749/07  TBST REPORT * M O T S O R A a V ~ ~ ~ * Lab iXK!Ll&WUilYt07 - w ws m m:1- m:wmm -m TW:+Y t= Wtrarn,M 4m mhd.APHA3IIl4 mIJ 4.02 Zinc (as Zn), mgll Om (Uerhod'APHA 3111 4 0.03 - a 4.02 Cadmium (as Cd), mgll 4.m 4.002 (Morhod APHA 3111 B.Im ZW 2.18 bganese (as Mnb nmld M u l l 4 ELlO P3P 0.30 4061 4.001 4.13 G.03 iAOQP 0.006 c+rm <0.01 c0.01 a.1 <o.1 Page2 of 2   CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN BHD (I 3WM-U) Lot 7, LorongSuria, Off Lwong Buah Duku I Taman PerindustrianSuria, Jalan Kolomborrg 88450 Kota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malayak Tel:60883%1277B81278 Fur: 40851-381280 Email:1-W~~EM TEST REPORT NOTFORADVEIUTSEMENTPUNKS= *  CHEMSAIN KONSULTANTSIDN RHD (Ji30904-q Lot?, Lorong Suria,Off LorongBuah Duku I LWIIllhPa-iadustrianSuria, Jalan K , l o n w Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysh +lmmam1m*uwk*%gB imk-  cl!tEMSAZN KONSULTANT SDN BED) (1 30904-Q Lat7, h m g Stlria,OR Larrrg Bud Dulcu 1 Perindustrian Suria,Jalan K.~lombaag - 18450 Kota Kinabalu. Sabah.Malavsia. Tel:6088361277&81278 Fax: 6088-381280 E&jl; l o b k t m y ~ ~ t o l n TEST REPORT * NOT FOR ADVERTISEMENT PURPOSES *  CHEMSAIN KONSULTANT SDN B'BID (1 30904-UJ 4 t # TEST REPOF?T E ( Q I ~ T I S E M 8 ~ ~ ~ Customer: Q R -wm ~ ~ r 4mX.i- ht39,JalanBunus,Zd F l o ~ Mw- : AmbientAir(2) Wism M k t OtTJalm lndhr r dIf'-r2007 50160KU& Lumpur n uOf Rap8n : w-1007 RPjBY- : cwpllOSQ23aY87  CHEMSARVKQNSULTANT lSDN BHD (llDP(w.U) I% 41.1" FlowbWbi6110-PdW8 JPlan SimpragT@, S30Q Kwh& M l ~ 5 i a Tol: 6082422736/7 Fax:W-415506 Ed:I ~ ~ ~ c a n s a i n . c o TEST REPORT * NOT FOR ADVERTISEMENT PURPOSES * CUF : a ~ b d m r 1 r e n t a 1 m ~ ~ 1 t ; m ~ a ~ urh : C K I F L I ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ Nm U).Wan Bunus2"Floor : m i e n tAir@) , _ ~ Y 6 1 t . ~ . ~ b d mI Y M : Z#mm - ~~~~ ww : ~ e ~ t e m b2007 e r ml-- ; -1 - ~ f ~ f O A I s 6 ' Locadan :Al Date of 9qa: I 4 # n Qb Llxmh :A3 RI.dam- Q8 :1um ........ ...* . % I.. U.. HnLU NOTE: I) TbbTa Rsportrhallwkrepdud. exceptinh& withburthow&m appwal afth lebtwory. 4 T h h a w r : ~ t n ~ s r a r p y s ~ 2 o t t e d .  Environmental Ambient Air Report Page No.1 Direct Reading of Methane (CHI) in Ambient Air Equipment Details RKI Eagle PortableConfinedSpace and Toxic Gas Analyzer Overview = Simultaneous detectionof one to six gases. Standard target gases includecombustible gas (% LEL and ppm), oxygen deficiency, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. * Powerful sample-drawingpump with up to 100-foot range. Dot-matrix liquid crystal display (LCD) for complete, understandable informationat a glance. UL and CSA classified. Intrinsicsafety for Class I, Division I, Groups A, B, C, and D hazardous atmospheres (standard 4-gas model and non-standardtoxic gas versions). = Detection Level: 1 ppm Methodology The sample-drawingsystem includes the pump, sensor block and cunnections, internal fitter and charcoal scrubber, and the externalhose, probe and hydrophobic filter. This system provides continuous flow of sampled air to the sensors while keeping out liquidsand dust. The sample hose is connected to the quick connects inlet fitting by the hydrophobic filter and probe tip to the sample hose's. The monitor is activated and direct reading for STEL (Short-term exposure limit) where the sampled atmosphere was monitoredand recorded. The detectionlimit for this monitor is 1 ppm. Measurement Data Location: A1 Location: A2 PPM Time Run Time I (minutes) -- Average - ND - Not Detected  EnvironmentalNoise Measurement Report Page No.1 Measurement Details Location: N1 Date of Measurement:14-15/09/2007 Instrumentation Details Sound Level Meter: Cinus Research plc CR: 261 A17887FD AcousticCalibrator:Cirrus Research plc CR:511E Level Range: 40-110 dB Time Weighting:Fast Measurement Data Start of Measurements:14/09/2007 10.00pm No. of Measurements:1 Total Duration: 24:00:00 Lmax ExceedanceCount: 0, at or above115dB Date Time Run Duration Leq dB Lmin db Lmax dB (hh:rnm:ss) Deal Defler Emrlronrmnlal Noise Repon Prlnledon 10/24/07a1 9 : s 51AM  EnvironmentalNoise Measurement Report Page NO.^ Measurement Details Location: N2 Date of Measurement: 14-15/09/2007 Instrumentation Details Sound Level Meter: Cirrus Research plc CR: 261 A17887FD Acoustic Calibrator:Cirrus Research plc CR:511E Level Range: 40-110 dB Time Weighting: Fast Measurement Data Start of Measurements:14/09/2007 10.00pm No. of Measurements:1 Total Duration:24:00:00 Lmax ExceedanceCount: 0, at or above115dB Date Time Run Duration Leq dB Lmin db Lmax dB (hh:mm:ss)  ANNEX 4 PRESS ADVERTISEMENT FOR STAKEHOLDERS MEETING  Appendix 4: Press Advertisement for Stakeholders Meeting 10 Fr~dayNovember 16,200/ . acrracz-n-r* -ice ibwau Office: Keninsou Office: Kuala Lumpor ; d: 088-230055 T d / F m 089 2 2 8140 ' 1.lR-a~-OBP-=3342 7 s V k r . 087.33b316 h k 403-77193878 1r.088 233151 L-m& wtsdL*ipd;~npm)r E-mmL~hwvQpdinnng.my -n-- ' - -' my far:&Xi-77273741  ANNEX 5 Stakeholders Meeting List of Attendees -  Appendix 5: StakeholdersMeeting - List of Attendees Acthri:Stake Holdem Meetlng for W M d Rank Cam. Profecl - Date: PnWpant Register Data  ANNEX 6 LIST OFINVITED PERSONSIORGANISATION FOR STAKEHOLDERS MEETING  Yaw an kindly imritad to ad a st&bkWs mmuhtiar mebmg for MS Smart's Clean DevdopmbatMsahPaism (CDM)projsctoe SortIqg d CoEleorbagP h fbrMubcipal Solid Wastea Kayu M a k g SenitaryMilat Tclipak. MS SMART b y - (M)Sdn. DM.  List of Invited Personslorpanisationfor Stakeholders Meeting il.E~I.-l Re h a n Bandaraya h 1,JalanBanduan w2YoLskiBaul 3.EnSackLo btwan Bamlargrbra t,JalanBandarL Wo6a3w- . 3) Mr&MY Uku* -y HillPI-