Mozambique - Additional Financing for the Second Phase of the Roads and Bridges Management and Maintenance Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 2) : Main report

E2683 V1  Addressal of Comments by ANE and the World Bank on the Draft Final Report of ENVIRONNIENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN for APL-2 of RBMMP (ROADS-3) Chap. | Pag. Parag. Comments Addressal of Comments General 2. Acronym section added 1. This is a very thorough EA/EMP. 3. Project cost included in the It is comprehensive, well prepared executive summary and grounded in practical 4. Cultural properties management application. The analysis is plan has been prepared and adequate and the EMPs provide included as Annexure-9.6, as per practical arrangements for the requirements of OP 4.11 mitigation implementation and 5. Road section-wise cultural supervision. properties have been tabulated and 2. Need to add an acronym section. included as Annexure-6.5 3. The executive summary needs to 6. The details of consultations have include the proposed costs. been presented in matrix format 4. If OP 4.11 is applicable, the and included as Annexure 8.1. consultant should prepare a Chapter-8 on public consultation chapter or an appendix on the has been revised accordingly. cultural properties management plan. 5. Tabulation on cultural properties required, road section-wise. 6. General comments on the consultations: the contents of the consultations are all right, but the presentation is not. The consultations are a means, not an end in themselves but the given presentation makes them appear as though these are meant for the report only. The outcome of the consultations is to be implemented by the executing agency and the contractors. Experience shows that contractors rarely read prose/stories but if the same stories are tabulated by identifying the issues and how the project has addressed or will address these issues, the outcome of the consultations would be better implemented. The details of the consultations with dates and signatures of the participants should be placed in an annexure. 7. One of the issues that was flagged was to prepare an assessment of the ANE's capacity to manage environmental and social issues. It is needed this to be able to show that the "basket-fund" mechanism that the project wants to put in place is being managed in compliance with safeguards  policies as the Bank is one of the sources of funds. 2.4. Table It is a good practice to list all the 10 All the 10 World Bank safeguard 2.1 World Bank safeguard policies (the "10 policies have been listed out along commandments"), and then mark those with their applicability in the project. that are applicable or not applicable, as appropriate. The table in question has listed 6 safeguard policies. 4.3.1 Noise and Vibration: it is said that the Consultant agrees with the existing noise level is more or less comments. Accordingly, necessary within the permissible limit. It is changes have been made. understood that there is no noise standard in Mozambique. So, permissible limit refers to what? It would be advisable to write "humanly acceptable limit." Similarly, how could air quality be increased, especially when the context is negative? It could either deteriorate or be ameliorated. 6.1.4 Include a table indicating the number Included as Annexure-6. 1, wherein and location (chainage) of the schools the reasons for providing noise and their setbacks from the road barrier have been mentioned. centerline, road section-wise. Distance is surely important criteria Adequate setback itself is a noise but other factors like road geometry barrier. and existing shielding effects (ground cover) are other factors for deciding the necessity of the noise barrier. 6.2.1 There is talk of holistic approach. Why Preparation of holistic drainage does not the consultant chalk it out in plan is not consultant's scope of an appendix? works. However, the referred paragraph itself explains what is. meant by 'holistic approach'. 6.2.2 Include a table on the approximate Details are given in Annexure 6.3 number of trees to be felled, road and Annexure 6.4; and para 6.2.2, section-wise and left/right-wise. It is 6.3.3 and 6.4.3. also useful to identify the tree types to the extent feasible. Saying that "few trees will require felling" does not make a constructive sense. 6.2.5 Tabulation on the community Community properties have been properties required. tabulated and given in Annexure- 6.5 6.2.6 The consultant needs to justify the The interim rehabilitation grant has suggested provision of interim been considered keeping in mind a rehabilitation grant for a period of 6 person or a family's overall socio- months as a mitigating measure. It is economic "rehabilitation" and not said that the affected structures are all merely "resettling" him or his family temporary ones; one presumes that it so as to balance adverse social will not take long to rebuild these costs directly incurred upon him structures. So, where is the need for a against compensation or flat 6 months' rehabilitation grant? If assistance benefits received the consultants have taken note of the against the loss through project time and costs involved in building a provisions. typical such structure, it could be suggested that rehabilitation grant Further, the overall poverty .. ~~dal income)......... especially of allows the (based on their average alypetty scenario, business people the roadside of up to 15-30 days could be provided, social expert to consider the based on the actual number of days of vulnerability of such affected  recommendations need to be undertaken by ANE before we can say that it is ready: UASMA should be headed by a senior level Environmental Engineer One staff should have administrative power for implementing RAPs in close collaboration with district administrations and local authorities One person at each province should 1 be identified as Environmental Representative for EMP implementation and supervision. SC employ full-time Environmental Officer provision of adequate training for Engineers of public works once proposed plan for merger has been realized, etc... It is recommended that the consultant The recommendations have been should revise this section to provide a provided to strengthen UASMA clearer description of the current with ample clarity. capacity and provide further recommendations (i.e. staffing, training, other inputs) building on what they have, to strengthen UASMA. Annex Engineers of Directorate of Public Annexure 9.10 has been changed 9.10 Works: make corrections for Public to 9.11. Correction has been made Works. There is no such entity. as Public Works and Housing.  Table of Content Section Description Page No. Acronym Executive Summary CAHPTER-1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Integrated Road Sector Strategy 1-1 1.2 Project Background 1-1 1.3 Overview of past EA studies 1-1 1.4 Scope of this study 1-2 1.5 Objectives of this study 1-2 1.6 Approach and methodology 1-3 1.6.1 Essential steps 1-3 1.6.2 Existing baseline environmental condition 1-3 1.6.3 Collection of secondary data 1-3 1.6.4 Collection of primary data 1-4 1.6.5 Environmental impact assessment 1-4 1.6.6 Environmental Management Plan 1-5 1.7 Structure of the report 1-5 CHAPTER-2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 Relevant Policies 2-1 2.1.1 Environmental Policy 2-1 2.1.2 Water Policy 2-1 2.1.3 Land Policy 2-2 2.2 Environmental Laws and Legislations 2-3 2.2.1 Environmental Law 2-3 2.2.2 EIA Regulations 2-3 2.2.3 Environmental Quality Standards 2-6 2.2.4 Forestry and Wildlife Law 2-6 2.2.5 Land Law 2-7 2.3 Administrative Framework 2-8 2.3.1 Interface with MICOA 2-8 2.3.2 Interface with the Ministry of Agriculture 2-8 2.3.3 Interface with the Ministry of Mineral Resources 2-8 2.3.4 Interface with the Ministry of Education and Culture 2-8 2.3.5 Interface with the Ministry of Public Works and Housing 2-9 2.3.6 Interface with the Ministry of Tourism 2-10 2.3.7 Interface with Maputo City Municipality 2-10 2.3.8 Interface with Public Utility Companies 2-10 2.4 World Bank Safeguard Policies 2-10 2.5 World Bank Safeguard Policies 2-12 CHAPTER-3: PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Sub-Project-1 3-1 3.2 Sub-Project-2 3-2  Section Description Page No. 3.3 Sub-Project-3 3-3 CHAPTER-4: ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING ] 4.1 4.2 4.3 Scoping methodology Defining Project Influence Area Scrutinizing Environmental Impacts 4-1 4-1 4-2 4.3.1 Sub-Project-1 4-2 4.3.2 Sub-Project-2 4-3 4.3.3 Sub-Project-3 4-5 4.4 Defining Scope for further detailed study 4-7 CHAPTER-5: BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 5.1 Bio-Physical Environment for Sub-Project-1 5-1 5.1.1 Topography 5-1 5.1.2 Climate and Meteorology 5-1 5.1.3 Soil and Geology 5-1 5.1.4 Water Resources 5-1 5.1.5 Drainage System 5-1 5.1.6 Air Quality and Noise Environment 5-2 5.1.7 Environmentally Sensitive Receptor 5-2 5.1.8 Landuse and Vegetation 5-2 5.1.9 Fauna 5-2 5.1.10 Ecologically Sensitive Areas 5-2 5.1.11 Areas of Special Biological Reserve 5-2 5.2 Bio-Physical Environment for Sub-Project-2 5-3 5.2.1 Topography 5-3 5.2.2 Climate and Meteorology 5-3 5.2.3 Soil and Geology 5-3 5.2.4 Water Resources 5-3 5.2.5 Air Quality and Noise Environment 5-4 5.2.6 Environmentally Sensitive Receptor 5-4 5.2.7 Landuse and Vegetation 5-4 5.2.8 Natural Habitats 5-4 5.2.9 Fauna 5-5 5.2.10 Ecologically Sensitive Areas 5-5 5.2.11 Areas of Special Biological Reserve 5-6 5.3 Bio-Physical Environment for Sub-Project-3 5-6 5.3.1 Topography 5-6 5.3.2 Climate and Meteorology 5-6 5.3.3 Soil and Geology 5-6 5.3.4 Water Resources 5-6 5.3.5 Air Quality and Noise Environment 5-6 5.3.6 Environmentally Sensitive Receptor 5-7 5.3.7 Landuse and Vegetation 5-7 5.3.8 Natural Habitats 5-7 5.3.9 Fauna 5-8 5.3.10 Ecologically Sensitive Areas 5-8 J 5.3.11 Areas of Special Biological Reserve 5-8 5.4 Socio-Economic Environment for three Sub-Projects 5-8 5.4.1 Population Features 5-8 Section Description Page No. 5.4.2 Ethnicity 5-9 5.4.3 Gender 5-9 5.4.4 Poverty 5-10 5.4.5 Education 5-10 5.4.6 Health 5-10 5.4.7 HIV/AIDS 5-11 5.5 Areas for Environmental Enhancements 5-11 5-11 CHAPTER-6: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MINIGATION MEASURES 6.1 Common Environmental Impacts for three Sub-Projects 6-1 6.1.1 Change of Landuse 6-1 6.1.2 Water Quality 6-1 6.1.3 Air Quality 6-2 6.1.4 Noise and Vibration 6-2 6.1.5 Accommodation of traffic 6-3 6.1.6 Borrow areas 6-4 6.1.7 Construction camp and workers camp 6-4 6.2 Impacts and mitigation specific for Sub-project-1 6-4 6.2.1 Drainage 6-4 6.2.2 Biological environment 6-5 6.2.3 Residential structures and commercial establishment 6-5 6.2.4 Cultural properties 6-6 6.2.5 Community properties / institutions 6-7 6.2.6 Livelihoods 6-7 6.2.7 HIV / AIDS 6-8 6.3 and mitigation specific for Sub-project-2 6-8 6.3.1 Soil erosion and sedimentation 6-8 6.3.2 Drainage and hydrology 6-9 6.3.3 Biological environment 6-9 6.3.4 Socio-economic environment 6-10 6.4 and mitigation specific for Sub-project-3 6-10 6.4.1 Soil erosion and sedimentation 6-10 6.4.2 Drainage and hydrology 6-11 6.4.3 Biological environment 6-11 6.4.4 Socio-economic environment 6-12 6.5 Environmental enhancement 6-12 6.5.1 Enhancement in Sub-project-2 6-12 6.5.2 Enhancement in Sub-project-3 6-12 CHAPTER-7: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 7.1 Route alternatives 7-1 7.2 Alignment alternatives 7-1 7.3 Geometric Design alternatives 7-1 7.3.1 Sub-project-1 7-1 7.3.2 Sub-project-2 and 3 7-1 7.4 Pavement Design Alternatives 7-2 7.4.1 Sub-Project-1 7-2 7.4.2 Sub-Project-2 7-2 7.4.3 Sub-Project-3 7-2 Section Description Page No. CHAPTER-8: PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 8.1 Process adopted 8-1 8.2 Initial Consultations 8-1 8.3 Detailed Public Consultations 8-2 8.4 Stakeholders' Workshop 8-3 8.5 Outcome of Consultations 8-3 CHAPTER-9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1 Objectives 9-1 9.2 Component of EMP 9-1 9.3 Environmental Management Action Plan 9-1 9.4 Environmental clearances 9-1 9.5 Integration of EMP with the Project 9-3 9.5.1 Integration with Tech. Specification 9-4 9.5.2 Integration with contract drawing 9-13 9.5.2 Integration with BOQ 9-14 9.6 Environmental monitoring 9-14 9.7 Institutional arrangement 9-14 9.8 Supervision and monitoring mechanism 9-16 9.9 Capacity development 9-18 9.10 EMP Implementation Schedule 9-19 9.11 EMP Budget Estimates 9-20 Table Table-2.1 Applicability of Safeguard Policies 2-10 Table-2.2 Summary of Social Impacts in Sub-Project-1 2-11 Table-3.1 Project Location 3-1 Table-3.2 Details of Sub-Project-1 3-2 Table-5.1 Population Distribution in the project region 5-9 Table-5.2 Household/family size, composition and dependency 5-9 ration Table-5.3 Educational services available in project provinces 5-10 Table-9.1 Specific consent / permits required 9-2 Annexure Annexure-2.1 Flow Chart on EIA Process in Mozambique Annexure-2.2 Ambient Air Quality Standards Annexure-4.1 Scrutiny of Environmental Impacts for Sub-Project-1 Annexure-4.2 Scrutiny of Environmental Impacts for Sub-Project-2 Annexure-4.3 Scrutiny of Environmental Impacts for Sub-Project-3 Annexure-6.1 Details of schools along the project corridor Annexure-6.2 Action plan on HIV / AIDS Annexure-8.1 Outcome of public consultations Annexure-9.1 Environmental management action plan Annexure-9.2 Drinking water quality parameters Annexure-9.3 Layout plan of workers' camp Section Description Page No. Annexure-9.4 Plan for rehabilitating borrow areas Annexure-9.5 Layout plan of noise barrier Annexure-9.6 Cultural properties management plan Annexure-9.7 Plan for environmental enhancement Annexure-9.8 Environmental pollution monitoring plan Annexure-9.9 EMP implementation organization structure Annexure-9.10 Supervision and monitoring mechanism Annexure-9.1 1 Details of training program Annexure-9.12 EMP implementation schedule Annexure-9.13 EMP budget Appendix-A.1 Location Map of Sub-Project-1 Appendix-A.2 Location Map of Sub-Project-2 Appendix-A.3 Location Map of Sub-Project-3 Appendix-A.4 Land cover Map of Sub-Project-1 Appendix-A.5 Forest Map Appendix-A.6 Soil Map of Sub-Project-2 Appendix-A.7 Geology Map of Sub-Project-2 Appendix-A.8 Land cover Map of Sub-Project-2 Appendix-A.9 Soil Map of Sub-Project-3 Appendix-A. 10 Geology Map of Sub-Project-3 Appendix-A.1 1 Land cover Map of Sub-Project-3 Appendix-A.12 Landuse pattern within RR for Sub-project-2 and 3 Appendix-B Environmental Information Formats and Environmental Control Plan  Acronym AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ANE National Roads Administrations ARA Regional Water Administrations COI Corridor of Impacts DNAC National Directorate for Conservation Areas DNFFB National Directorate for Forestry and Wildlife DPA Provincial Agriculture Department DPR Details Project Report EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Study EMP Environmental Management Plan EN-1 National Estradas-1 GOM Government of Mozambique HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IDA International Development Agency IEE Initial environmental Examination MADER Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MICOA Ministry for Co-ordination of Environmental Affairs MITUR Ministry of Tourism MOPH Ministry of Public Works and Housing NCSD National Commission for Sustainable Development NEMP National Environmental Management Program OP Operational Policies of World Bank RBMMP Roads and Bridges Management and Maintenance Programme Project ROCS Roads and Coastal Shipping ROI Region of Influence RR Road Reserve SEA Sectoral Environmental Assessment UASMA Environmental and Social Unit of ANE  ""SNIEC SMEC International Pty Ltd EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The National Roads Administrations (ANE), has invited SMEC International Pty. Ltd. (Consultant), to undertake following studies: * To Carryout EIA for Jardim - Benfica Section of EN1 (Sub-Project-1) * To prepare EMP for Xai Xai - Chissibuca Section of EN1 (Sub-Project-2) * To prepare EMP for Massinga - Nhachengue Section of EN1 (Sub-Project-3) These Sub-Projects are proposed for IDA funding. The estimated cost for Subproject-1, Sub-project-2 and Sub-project-3 is US$ 5,023,773.00; 23,888,495.00 and 26,704,100.00, respectively. The Consultant has started the assignment on 29 May, 2006; and submitted Inception Report on 08 June, 2006; which included a thorough review on environmental policy, legal and administrative framework in Mozambique; scoping; and plan for rest of the study. As per the requirement of TOR, the Consultant has reviewed past EA studies undertaken for these Sub-Projects. The result of scrutiny of environmental impacts shows, there will be no significant adverse impacts due to any of these three Sub-Projects. However, these projects will have some actual and potential moderate adverse impacts, which have been identified for each Sub-Project and were subject to further analysis and assessment. The study indicates that in addition to OP 4.01, the safeguard policy on Cultural Properties (OP 4.11) and Involuntary Resettlement - for Sub-Project-1 (OP 4.12) will be applicable. The study shows that most of the adverse impacts could be brought down to acceptable levels by implementing appropriate mitigation measures. Some of them can be even avoided by right mix of good-construction-and-management practices. Present designs and Bid Documents have been thoroughly reviewed for integrating the proposed mitigation measures with the project Specification, Drawing and BOQ. This has been explicitly described in EMP Section. The proposed integration need to be incorporated in the Bid Documents. The study has made following key recommendations for further review of the designs: * Review of the drainage provisions made in Sub-Project-1, especially consideration for surrounding surface drainage facilities; Review of geometric design of Sub-Project-1, to minimize social impacts; Review of soil erosion control measures proposed for Sub-Project-2 Results of abovementioned technical review will have to be incorporated in EIA and EMP Report. In addition to other mitigation measures, this study has made following specific key recommendations: * Noise barrier for selected schools near project road, which will also drastically improve safety of school children; * Specific plan for workers' camp, which are made payable item and on completion of the project, these facilities will be handed over to local communities; * Specific borrow area operation and rehabilitation plan; * Enhancement of identified wetlands; * Action plan on HIV/AIDS * Cultural properties management plan This study has recommended unification of all environmental, social, health and road safety personnel under one unit i.e. UASMA. A set of appropriate training program has been proposed. r~~*~ 1i ,,l -I-1 ,lfP Pontirt 0-1 "(""SMEC SMEC International Pty Ltd 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Integrated Road Sector Strategy Mozambique is a sparsely populated country whose main economic activity is agriculture. The road network of the Country consists of 25,300 km classified roads, 10,000 km unclassified roads and 1,000 km urban roads. The road sector policy of Mozambique has been formulated to stimulates overall economic growth of the country through essential and adequate connectivity for movement of people, transportation of goods, tourism development, regional development and employment generation. This policy seeks to achieve the following mandates: Completing restoration of traffic on classified roads network . Continuing to expand the rehabilitation of high volume roads and ensure their maintenance; and Prioritizing the use of local resources and the employment of modern and efficient planning and control system The Roads and Coastal Shipping (ROCS) Project was the first road sector development project initiated in late 1980s as a part of Economic Rehabilitation Program to revitalize Country's economy. ROCS Project has been implemented in two phases i.e. ROCS-1 and ROCS-2. Prior to the ROCS Project only 3 % of the network was classified as in good condition while 44% was considered passable, which were changed to 23% and 9% respectively, towards end of ROCS-2. A third stage of the ROCKS has been proposed subsequently, which is refereed to as Roads and Bridges Management and Maintenance Programme Project (RBMMP or ROADS-3). 1.2 Project Background The Roads and Bridges Management and Maintenance Programme Project (RBMMP or ROADS-3) has been designed to support the Government's Road Sector Policy to improve the quality of the Country's road network. The Government of Mozambique (GOM), through the Administracao Nacional de Estradas (ANE) and the Road Fund, has begun implementation of this major 10 year program in 2001, in three phases. This program is being jointly financed by the GOM and a variety of donors, including the World Bank. The first phase of ROADS-3, which was four year program, is in the final stage of completion. Now the GOM, through ANE intends to implement second phase of ROADS-3. 1.3 Overview of Past EA Studies Following environmental studies have been undertaken by ANE under ROADS-3 program: * Sectoral environmental Assessment (SEA) for all Sub-projects in 2000-2001 * Initial environmental Examination (IEE) for Sub-projects under phase-1 in 2000-2001 * Environmental Management Plan Guideline, which is applicable for any Sub-projects in 2000-2001 * Detailed EA for Sub-projects under phase-1 in 2002-2003 Finial EIA anid EMP R?eport 1-1  (|A;'SNIEC SMEC International Pty Ltd Environmental screening and scoping has been undertaken as part of SEA and IEE, as required under EIA Regulation of GOM, as described under para-2 below. 1.4 Scope of this Study The present EA study is for the following Sub-projects of EN-1, which were originally planned under phase-1 but subsequently scheduled under phase-2 of ROADS-3 program. * Section-1 (Sub-project-1): Jardim - Benfica in Maputo urban area l* Section-2 (Sub-project-2): Xai Xai - Chissibuca in Gaza and Inhambane Provinces | .Section-3 (Sub-project-3): Massinge - Nhachengue in Inhambane Province Scope of Studies included EIA for Sub-project-1 and EMP for Sub-project 2 and 3. The scope of studies broadly included: * Environmental Scoping comprising (a) an overview of national environmental policy, legislations and directives; (b) integration within the overall road sector strategy; and (c) overview of physical and socio-economic aspects I* Identification of environmental impacts that will result from the proposed road works |* Identifying best available environmental techniques to be used in individual sub- projects to mitigate negative impacts * Producing information regarding to a full comprehensive EIA / EMP on the referred Sub-projects * Public Consultation comprising (a) initial public consultation with local communities, national and international NGOs, Scientific experts, relevant government agencies and the private sector; and (b) stakeholders' workshop for discussing on draft recommendations |* Environmental Management Plan comprising effective mitigation measures, budget estimates, schedule, staffing and training requirement etc. * Environmental Monitoring Plan which will be used and followed by ANE staff to confirm the implementation of recommended mitigation measures, stipulating the parameters / items to be monitored, checklist for mitigating potential environmental impacts and reporting mechanism Following outputs are to be provided: Inception Report : within a week after commencement Draft Final report and presentation : within 4 weeks after commencement Final Report 2 weeks after receiving comments on Draft Final Report from ANE and IDA 1.5 Objectives of this Study J The main objectives of this short-term consultancy assignment include the following: * Preparation of the Environmental Assessment for the APL-2 of RBMMP (ROADS-3) for three Sub-Projects as mentioned above * To identify projected impacts Fi,tial EIA atud EATIP Report 1-2 ((i'"""SMEC SMEC International Pty Ltd To establish appropriate mitigation measures * To develop monitoring program, to be followed during the project implementation 1.6 Approach and Methodology 1.6.1 Essential Steps Environmental Assessment (EA) requires the following essential steps as per World Bank guidelines (1998): * Understanding of existing environmental baseline Conditions; * Analysis and assessment of potential environmental impacts - direct and indirect, short term and long term impacts; * Identifying opportunities for environmental enhancement; * Systematic comparison of alternative investment, sites, technologies and designs in the light of environment; * Preventive, mitigatory and compensatory measures and Environmental management, training and Environmental monitoring (in the form of Environmental Mitigation or Management Plan) and * Environmental mitigation and enhancement costing 1.6.2 Existing Baseline Environmental Condition To understand the existing situation of the project area the following activities were carried out: * Collection of existing and documented environmental baseline data from different agencies and other sources * Conducting environmental surveys and public consultations 1.6.3 Secondary Data Collection Following reports, guidelines and handbook have been used: Detailed Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Guidelines of the project road sections, 2003 Environmental Guidelines for Road Works in Mozambique, 1996 Report of the Next Road Sector Program in Mozambique, 2001 Road and Environment: A Handbook published by World Bank (Technical Paper No. 376), 1994 Road Maintenance and Environment, World Bank, 1994 World Bank Safeguard Policies Detailed Project Reports including bid documents for each Sub-Projects Following maps / information collected and collated: Topography maps Soil and geology maps Land cover maps Fintal El/A anid E IP Report 1-3  ((v~SM EC SMEC International Pty Ltd Forest maps 1.6.4 Primary Data Collection Primary data collection undertaken as follows: Field reconnaissance survey to identify and scrutinize impacts and to define scoping for further studies . Detailed field investigation for preparing environmental strip plan and establishing physical, biological and socio-economic environmental condition, assessing feasibility of probable mitigation measures, for identifying areas of environmental enhancement, etc. Detailed field investigation comprises gathering information and assessment of condition on the following attributes: Existing landuse within the proposed construction limit (DCOI) and within road reserve (RR) in particular and beyond road reserve in general Presence of sensitive receptor i.e. schools and hospitals within DCOI and RR, and assessing existing environment Presence of residential and commercial structures within DCOI and RR Presence of cultural properties within DCOI and RR Soil erosion, drainage and sedimentation characteristics including identification of problem areas Assessing ecological habitats along the COI Identifying habitats, flora and fauna species Estimation of trees to be felled and vegetation to be cleared Assessment on availability of construction material Identifying areas for enhancement 1.6.5 Environmental Impact Assessment As the design of these Sub-Projects was completed much in 2003, interaction with the design team could not be established. However, detailed project reports (DPR) for these Sub-Projects were collected from ANE for review on environmental perspectives and ensuring integration. ANE Technical Personnel have been consulted and discussed regarding project design. Environmental impacts identified during past studies were scrutinized further during this study. The potential impacts on environmental components were predicted and evaluated. The simple matrix method was adopted for the evaluation of impacts and identification of significant and moderate adverse environmental impacts. Actual and potential impacts have been assessed for preconstruction, construction and operation phases. iP Fiial EIA at,d EM Report 1-4 ( STEC M"' SMEC International Pty Ltd 1.6.6 Environmental Management Plan Cost effective and feasible mitigation measures were identified and designed. The detailed action plan for the management of environmental impacts during construction and operation phase of the project provided to overcome the potential environmental impacts. The impact analysis and mitigation measures arrived at, help in formulating the Environment Management Plan (EMP). Integration of EMP with the Project i.e. design, and bid documents assessed and specific recommendation made. EMP include assessment on the current composition of the Environmental and Social Unit of ANE (UASMA), staffing arrangement; reporting, supervision and monitoring mechanism; trainings undertaken. The gaps were identified and accordingly, plan for capacity building has been proposed. 1.7 Structure of the Report Volume-1 Chapter-1 This Introduction Section Chapter-2: Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework Chapter-3: Project Description Chapter-4: Environmental Scoping Chapter-5: Baseline Environmental Conditions Chapter-6: Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures Chapter-7: Analysis of Alternatives Chapter-8: Public Consultations Chapter-9: Environmental Management Plan Volume-2 Appendix-A Environmental Maps Appendix-B Environmental Information Formats Fi-,,.I FIA riu,d PA,fP Ronnrf 1-5 (isi SNIEC SMEC International Pty Ltd 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2.1 Relevant Policies 2.1.1 Environmental Policy The National Environmental Management Program (NEMP), approved by the Council of Ministers in 1995, seeks to promote and implement sound environmental policy. The NEMP represents the culmination of a series of initiatives and activities coordinated by the Ministry for Co-ordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA). It is the master plan for the environmental management in Mozambique and contains a National Environment Policy, a proposal for Framework Environmental Legislation and an Environmental Strategy. The NEMP consists of Sectoral Plans, for medium and long term, which is intended to lead to sustainable development in Mozambique. Three policy areas are defined: * Rural Coastal * Urban For rural areas, agriculture and forestry issues are considered the most important. In coastal areas, mangrove degradation, coastal pollution and erosion are considered as the main issues to be addressed under the program. For urban areas, the degradation of sanitation systems and the poor water quality are the most urgent issues. MICOA has been given the authority to oversee the implementation of the NEMP. To this effect, environmental rules and regulations are being devised and enforced. In this regard MICOA will evaluate policies of other ministries as well as their capacity to promote and implement sound environmental policy. The implementation of the NEMP will require a range of actions at all levels and across sectors. In accordance with the NEMP, MICOA in close co-ordination with other ministries, private and civil groups, will work towards: * Developing inter-sectoral policies for sustainable development * Development and promotion of integrated resource-use planning * Promotion of sector legislation and of establishment of norms and criteria for environmental protection and sustainable use of the countries' natural resources Creating conditions for law enforcement and environmental monitoring 2.1.2 Water Policy The National Water Policy was approved by a resolution of the Government in August 1995. The Water Policy came in the sequence of the Water Law of 1991 and appeared in a Finial EtIA anld EMiIP Report 2-1 3(''SM EC SMEC International Pty Ltd historical moment, after the peace agreement in 1993 and the first multi-party general elections in October 1994. A new Water Policy has been prepared and has been reviewed by the Council of Ministers but not yet published in the Government Gazette. The new Water Policy intends to achieve in the short (2007), medium (2015) and long term (2025) the following main objectives: A. Satisfaction of basic needs of human water consumption; B. Improvement of sanitation in urban and rural areas; C. Efficient use of water for economic development; D. Water conservation; E. Reduced vulnerability to floods and droughts; F. Larger role played by stakeholders; G. Increased role of the private sector; H. Agreements on water allocations, management and coordination for international river basins; I. Adequate institutional, legal and regulatory framework. The proposed road project may affect the water quality of various water bodies crossing / located adjacent to road, in terms of increasing turbidity and oil and grease contamination due to surface run-off and cleaning of construction vehicles and have direct impact on water users. It may also have direct impact on the competing user. Therefore, objective (C) and (D) are particularly pertinent to the proposed project. Water efficiently used for economic development: Mozambique has a large water potential for water development to serve its economic development, in the form of water for irrigation, hydropower, industry, afforestation, cattle and other uses. The Water Policy will promote the use of water as a resource and a tool for economic development. At the same time, more efficient use of available water resources will also be promoted. Water conservation: While many rivers in Mozambique are under intense pressure from various uses, particularly those that are part of international river basins, many others are in almost pristine state. The Water Policy will promote water conservation in the management of water resources, considering ecological flows for the rivers and estuaries, standards of water quality for effluent discharges and receiving water bodies and introducing measures to prevent pollution or mitigate its effects. 2.1.3 The Land Policy The patterns of land tenure in Mozambique reflect the history of customary tenure, colonization, privatization and state control. The Constitution states that land belongs to the State. The new Land Policy (approved on 12 September 1995) maintains the basic principle that land ownership is vested in the State, but recognizes the legitimacy of customary law, or the rights attributed by such law (e.g., traditional usage rights or usufruct rights), and the role of local leaders in land management and conflict resolution. The Policy document provides the framework for the new Land Law passed in 1997. Other goals of the new Land Policy include: (i) promotion of food production; (ii) developing the family sector's agriculture; (iii) Final EIA andl EMP Report 2-2  '. SXIEC SMEC International Pty Ltd promotion of private investment; (iv) preserving areas of interest on ecological and natural resource perspective, and (v) updating the taxation system. 2.2 Environmental Laws and Legislations 2.2.1 Environmental Law The Mozambican Parliament passed the Framework Environmental Law in July 1997. The aims of the Law are to provide a legal framework for the use and correct management of the environment and its components and to ensure sustainable development of Mozambique. The Environmental Law is applicable to all public or private activities, which may influence the environment, either directly or indirectly. Salient features of the Law include: * Those who pollute, or in any way degrade the environment, are liable and under obligation to rehabilitate the environment or to compensate for the resulting damage. * Forbidding the pollution of the soil, subsoil, water or atmosphere by any polluting substances, or any other form of degradation of the environment, which fall outside the limits stipulated by the Law. * Projects and operations that are likely to have a negative impact on the environment are subject to an environmental impact assessment by independent assessors. * Protection of environmental components that have a recognized ecological and socio- economic value * Creation of environmental protection zones As per this Law, activities that are liable to cause significant environmental impacts are required environmental license. The issuance of an environmental license is dependent on an appropriate level of environmental impact assessment being completed and accepted. A National Commission for Sustainable Development (NCSD), linked to the Council of Ministers, was created by a provision in the Framework Environmental Law in October 2000 to co-ordinate and integrate sectoral policies and plans related to environmental management at the highest level. 2.2.2 EIA Regulations New Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations were passed by the Council of Ministers in July 2004. The Regulations have been published in the Government Gazette (Boletim da Republica, I Series, Number 39, of 29 September 2004). The new Regulation's will revoke the EIA Regulations of Decree N