China - Second Shanghai Urban Environment Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 2 of 13) : Environmental assessment - solid waste

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA SHANGHAI M UNICIPAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT E1091 PROJECT – APL 2 v2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, SOLID WASTE SECTOR EA IDENTIFICATION N° : 655055.R3.4 DATE : JANUARY 2005 This document has been produced SOGREAH Consultants/Groupe Huit as part of the FASEP Grant (French Government Grant) to Shanghai Municipal Government (Job Number 655055) This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following the Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with ISO9001. APPROVED BY INDEX DATE AUTHOR CHECKED BY (PROJECT PURPOSE OF M ODIFICATION M ANAGER) LXA,GDM A First Issue Feb 2005 GDM GDM INDEX CONTACT ADDRESS DISTRIBUTION LI S T 1 SWEC (Mr HUANG Jiang Ping) Shanghai Development & Reform 2 Commission (Mr QIU Wenjin) mandersson@worldbank.org The World Bank (Mr Mats 3 gread@worldbank.org Andersson, Mr Geoffrey Read) thomas.clochard@dree.org 4 DREE (DREE Paris, Shanghai) laurent.martin@dree.org Alain.gueguen@sogreah.fr, 5 SOGREAH (Head Office) Muriel.dinola@sogreah.fr, groupehuit@groupehuit.com 6 Groupe Huit (Head Office)  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.1. SHANGHAI M UNICIPALITY........................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2. T HE SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT .................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1. T HE OVERALL APL F RAMEWORK ............................................................................................................... 9 1.2.2. PHASE 2 OF THE APL (APL2)...................................................................................................................11 1.3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT ...................................................................................................................14 1.4. ORGANISATION & L AYOUT OF THE EA REPORT .....................................................................................................15 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND & DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 17 2.1. REGIONAL CONTEXT FOR SOLID WASTE M ANAGEMENT .......................................................................................17 2.1.1. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND TREND .............................................................................................19 2.1.2. SOLID WASTE I MPLEMENTATION PLAN.....................................................................................................19 2.2. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS ....................................................................................................................20 2.3. EXISTING SIT UATION FOR EACH COMPONENTS.......................................................................................................20 2.3.1. SANLIN DUMPSITE.......................................................................................................................................20 2.3.1.1. CURRENT POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................21 2.3.1.2. M AIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURES ...................................................21 2.3.1.3. EXISTING P ROBLEMS .........................................................................................................22 2.3.1.4. L AOGANG L ANDFILL ..................................................................................................................22 2.3.2. GUCUN DUMPSITE..................................................................................................................................22 2.3.2.1. CURRENT POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................23 2.3.2.2. M AIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURES ...................................................24 2.3.2.3. EXISTING P ROBLEMS .........................................................................................................24 2.3.3. MINHANG DUMPSITE.............................................................................................................................24 2.3.3.1. CURRENT POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................24 2.3.3.2. M AIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURES ...................................................25 2.3.3.3. EXISTING P ROBLEMS .........................................................................................................25 2.4. NEED FOR THE PROJECT...........................................................................................................................................26 2.5. SANLIN T AN DUMP CLOSURE...................................................................................................................................27 2.5.1. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR CLOSURE OF SANLINTANG SITE..................................................................28 2.5.1.1. OPTION 1- CLOSURE AND FINAL SITE UTILIZATION...................................................................28 2.5.1.2. OPTION 2 – RELOCATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT................................................................30 2.5.1.3. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS...............................................................................................................32 2.5.2. RELOCATION OF WASTE TO L AOGANG ......................................................................................................34 2.5.3. RELOCATION TO SONGJIANG DISTRICT AT CHESHAN QUARRY................................................................34 2.6. GUCUN DUMP CLOSURE ..........................................................................................................................................35 2.6.1. PLAN ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................................35 2.6.1.1. PLAN ONE: CLOSURE AND FINAL SIT E UTILIZATION................................................................35 2.6.1.2. PLAN T WO : BRICK MAKING BY T HOMAS TECHNOLOGY ..........................................................35 2.6.1.3. PLAN THREE - SHIPPING-OUT THE WHOLE WASTE QUANTITY.................................................36 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE I J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.6.1.4. PLAN SELECTION ........................................................................................................................36 2.7. M INHANG DUMP CLOSURE .......................................................................................................................................39 2.7.1. PLAN ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................................................39 2.7.1.1. PLAN ONE: PURE CLOSURE ......................................................................................................39 2.7.1.2. PLAN T WO : NURSERY STOCK BASE .........................................................................................40 2.7.1.3. PLAN T HREE: RELOCATION.......................................................................................................40 2.7.1.4. PLAN F OUR: UTILIZATION..........................................................................................................40 2.7.1.5. PLAN SELECTION ........................................................................................................................41 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION ......................................................................................... 43 3.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING.................................................................................................................................43 3.1.1. GEOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................................................43 3.1.2. GEOLOGY 43 3.1.3. CLIMATE 43 3.1.4. HYDROLOGY ................................................................................................................................................43 3.1.5. BEACH CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................................................45 3.1.6. GROUNDWATER...........................................................................................................................................45 3.1.6.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................45 3.1.6.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................49 3.1.6.3. M INHANG DUMP SITE.................................................................................................................51 3.1.6.4. SOIL QUALITY..............................................................................................................................53 3.1.7. NATURAL DISASTER ....................................................................................................................................55 3.1.8. WATER QUALITY.........................................................................................................................................55 3.1.8.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................56 3.1.8.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................58 3.1.8.3. M INHANG DUMP SITE.................................................................................................................59 3.1.9. AIR QUALITY................................................................................................................................................61 3.1.9.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................61 3.1.9.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................62 3.1.9.3. M INHANG DUMP SITE.................................................................................................................62 3.1.10. ACOUSTIC QUALITY....................................................................................................................................63 3.1.10.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................63 3.1.10.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE.....................................................................................................................64 3.1.10.3. M INHANG DUMP SITE.................................................................................................................64 3.1.11. BIOLOGICAL SETTING .................................................................................................................................65 3.1.11.1. T ERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY.....................................................................................................65 3.1.11.2. ARTIFICIAL VEGETATION............................................................................................................65 3.1.11.3. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY.............................................................................................................65 3.1.12. SOCIAL SETTING .........................................................................................................................................66 3.1.12.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY.....................................................................................................66 3.1.12.2. QUALITY OF L IFE........................................................................................................................67 3.1.12.3. CULTURAL HERITAGE ................................................................................................................67 3.1.12.4. L AND USE ON PROJECT SITES..................................................................................................67 4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION.......................................................................................... 68 4.1. I MPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION .......................................................................................................................68 4.2. I MPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION..............................................................................................................................69 4.2.1. IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER.................................................................................69 4.2.2. I MPACT ON DUST .........................................................................................................................................70 4.2.3. I MPACT ON NOISE........................................................................................................................................71 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE II J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 4.2.4. I MPACT OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS ......................................................................................................72 4.2.5. I MPACT SPECIFIC TO THE GUCUN AND M INHANG DUMPSITE CLOSURE ..................................................73 4.2.5.1. I MPACT ON FARMING ACT IVITIES ...............................................................................................73 4.2.5.2. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC....................................................................................................................73 5. ALTERNATI VES ......................................................................................................................... 74 5.1. SANLIN DUMPSITE......................................................................................................................................................74 5.1.1. CLOSURE + FINAL UTILIZATION...................................................................................................................74 5.1.2. RELOCATION OF WASTE TO LAOGANG + LAND UTILIZATION ..............................................................74 5.1.3. RELOCATION OF WASTE TO CHENSHAN QUARRY + LAND UTILIZATION.............................................74 5.2 GUCUN DUMPSITE......................................................................................................................................................77 5.1.4. CLOSURE AND FINAL UTILIZATION..............................................................................................................77 5.1.5. OLD WASTE AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BRICK MAKING BY USING THOMAS TECHNIQUE............................77 5.1.6. SHIPPING OUT THE OLD WASTE AS BOTTOM LAYER FOR LANDSCAPING.................................................77 5.1.7. M AINTAINING THE STATUS QUO..................................................................................................................77 5.3 MINHANG DUMPSITE..................................................................................................................................................79 5.2. PURE CLOSURE ..........................................................................................................................................................79 5.3. NURSERY STOCK BASE.............................................................................................................................................80 5.4. RELOCATION..............................................................................................................................................................80 5.5. UTILIZATION...............................................................................................................................................................80 5.6. M AINTAINING THE STATUS QUO................................................................................................................................80 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................................................... 83 6.1. OBJECTIVES OF EMP................................................................................................................................................83 6.2. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS ..................................................................................................................................83 6.2.1. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR.........................................................................................................83 6.3. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP I MPLEMENTATION..........................................................................................................84 6.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT PROCEDURES .......................................................................................85 6.4. M ONITORING..............................................................................................................................................................87 6.4.1. M ONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES............................................................................................87 6.4.2. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE M ONITORING .....................................................................................................87 6.5. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP.......................................................................................................................................88 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ..................................................................... 91 7.1. SANLIN DUMPSITE CLOSURE AND WASTE RELOCATION PROJECT.........................................................................91 7.2. GUCUN DUMPSITE CLOSURE.....................................................................................................................................93 7.3. MINHANG DUMPSITE CLOSURE..................................................................................................................................94 8. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................... 96 8.1. PROPOSED COMPONENTS & EIA DOCUMENTATION..............................................................................................96 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE III J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLES TABLE 1: ANNUAL DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE GENERATED BY DISTRICT UNITS (UNIT: TONS) (E & E. I NC ., 2003)...........................................17 TABLE 2:EXISTING FACILITIES IN S HANGHAI MUNICIPALITY .........................................................................................................................18 TABLE 3: COMPOSITION OF SOLID W ASTE COMPONENTS.............................................................................................................................20 TABLE 4: LANDFILL GAS ESTIMATION SAN LIN TAN ....................................................................................................................................21 TABLE 5: L EACHATE ESTIMATION SANLIN TANG.........................................................................................................................................21 TABLE 6: SOURCE INTENSITY OF MAIN NOISE SOURCE AT SANLIN D UMPSITE..........................................................................21 TABLE 7 LANDFILL GAS COMPOSITION ANALYSIS RESULT............................................................................................................................23 TABLE 8: L EACHATE ESTIMATION GUCUN..................................................................................................................................................23 TABLE 9: SOURCE INTENSITY OF MAIN NOISE SOURCE AT GUCUN D UMPSITE..........................................................................23 TABLE 10: LANDFILL GAS COMPOSITION ANALYSIS RESULT.........................................................................................................................25 TABLE 11: L EACHATE ESTIMATION : MINHANG............................................................................................................................................25 TABLE 12: SOURCE INTENSITY OF MAIN NOISE SOURCE AT MINHANG D UMPSITE..................................................................25 TABLE 2-13: COMPARISON TABLE BETWEEN RELOCATION AND CLOSURE....................................................................................................33 TABLE 14: CLOSURE PLAN COMPARISON ....................................................................................................................................................38 TABLE 15: DUMP DISPOSAL PLAN COMPARISON ........................................................................................................................................41 TABLE 16: RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING AT SANLIN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L).................................................48 TABLE 17: RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING AT GUCUN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L) .................................................51 TABLE 18: RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING AT MINHANG DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L) .............................................53 TABLE 19: S OIL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY S TANDARD UNIT: MG/KG...........................................................................................54 TABLE 20: S OIL QUALITY OF S ANLIN DUMP S ITE UNIT: MG/KG ( EXCEPT PH)...................................................................................54 TABLE 21: S OIL QUALITY OF GUCUN DUMP S ITE UNIT: MG/KG (EXCEPT PH) ...................................................................................54 TABLE 22: S OIL QUALITY OF MINHANG DUMP SITE UNIT: MG/KG ( EXCEPT PH)................................................................................55 TABLE 23: S URFACE WATER MONITOR ING RESULTS FOR SANLIN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L)...........................................................................57 TABLE 24: S URFACE WATER MONITOR ING RESULTS FOR GUCUN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L)...........................................................................59 TABLE 25: S URFACE WATER MONITOR ING RESULTS FOR MINHANG DUMP S ITE (UNIT: MG/L) .......................................................................61 TABLE 26: ODOUR CONCENTRATION OF SANLIN DUMP SITE UNIT: MG/M 3.........................................................................62 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE IV J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 27: ODOUR CONCENTRATION OF GUCUN DUMP SITE UNIT: MG/M 3........................................................................62 TABLE 28: ODOUR CONCENTRATION OF MINHANG DUMP S ITE UNIT: MG/M 3.....................................................................63 TABLE 29: NOISE LEVELS OF SANLIN AND CHENSHAN.................................................................................................................................64 TABLE 30: NOISE LEVELS OF GUCUN DUMP SITE........................................................................................................................................64 TABLE 31: NOISE LEVELS OF GUCUN DUMP SITE........................................................................................................................................64 TABLE 32 PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION FOR WESTERN SEWER CONSTRUCTION .............................................................68 TABLE 33: LANDFILL DUST POLLUTI ON IMPACT PREDICTION MG/M 3 .............................................................................................................70 TABLE 34: LANDFILL DUST POLLUTI ON IMPACT PREDICTION MG/M 3 .............................................................................................................71 TABLE 35 COMPARISON BETWEEN SCENARIOS FOR THE SANLIN SOLID WASTE............................................................................................75 TABLE 36: S UMMARY TABLE FOR EMP COSTS............................................................................................................................................89 TABLE 40: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE SANLIN /CHENSHAN COMPONENT...............................................92 TABLE 41: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR GUCUN COMPONENT.........................................................................93 TABLE 42: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR MINHANG COMPONENT .....................................................................94 TABLE 43: S UMMARY TABLE OF PROJECT COMPONENTS.............................................................................................................................96 TABLE 44: S UMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT.................................................101 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE V J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT FIGURES F IGURE 1: S HANGHAI MUNICIPALITY WITHIN THE YANGTZE DELTA REGION [REF . 10] .....................................................................................8 F IGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF S ECTORSINCLUDED IN THE DIFFERENT PHASE S OF THE SHANGHAI APL..............................................................10 F IGURE 3: FRAMEWORK FOR THE APL2 .....................................................................................................................................................12 F IGURE 4: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS..................................................................................................................................13 F IGURE 5:L OCATION OF SHANGHAI LANDFILL FACILITIES IN 2002................................................................................................................18 F IGURE 3-5: SKETCH OF CLOSURE WITH FINAL REUTILISATION .....................................................................................................................29 F IGURE 3-7: SKETCH FOR RELOCATION.......................................................................................................................................................32 F IGURE 3-8: POSITION OF THE QUARRY AND OF THE GROUNDWATER............................................................................................................35 F IGURE 12: S URFACE WATER L OCATION IN THE SHUEP AREA ...................................................................................................................44 F IGURE 13: L OCATIONS OF GROUNDWATER AND AIR MONITORING POINTS AT SANLIN DUMP S ITE.................................................................47 F IGURE 14: L OCATIONS OF GROUNDWATER , SOIL AND AIR MONITORING POINTS AT GUCUN DUMP SITE.........................................................50 F IGURE 15: L OCATIONS OF GROUNDWATER , SOIL AND AIR MONITORING POINTS AT MINHANG DUMP SITE .....................................................52 F IGURE 16: L OCATIONS OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINTS AT SANLINTANG......................................................................................57 F IGURE 17:L OCATIONS OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINTS AT GUCUN...............................................................................................58 F IGURE 18: L OCATIONS OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINTS AT MINHANG...........................................................................................60 F IGURE 19: PROPOSED ORGANIZATION FOR THE I MPLEMENTATION OF EMP................................................................................................85 F IGURE 20: COMMUNICATION , REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART.....................................................86 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE VI J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMES AND UNITS APL Adaptable Program Loan BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (5 days) BSMF Bailongang Sludge Management Facility COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CRE Chief Resident Engineer CSE Construction Supervision Engineer CSEA Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser CSEMP Construction Site Environmental Management Plan DCRE Deputy Chief Resident Engineer DFV District Financing Vehicle EA Environmental Assessment EMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EPB Environmental Protection Bureau (of SEPA) ESD PMO-Environmental and Social Division ESFI Environmental and Social Field Inspector ESU Environmental and Social unit MWSC Minhang Water Supply Company NCP Nuisance Control Plan PIU Project Implementation Unit PMO Project Management Office PPE Personal Protective Equipment PRC People’s Republic of China SAES Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences SCAESAB Shanghai City Apearance and Sanitation Bureau SEP Shanghai Environment Project SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SHUEP Shanghai Urban Environment Project SRS Standard Site Inspection Review Sheet SS Suspended Solids SSP Shanghai Sewerage Project SSWC Shanghai South Water Company Ltd SWA Shanghai Water Authority SWAOD Shanghai Water Assets TA Technical Assistance WB World Bank WTS Western Trunk Sewer WTW Water Treatment Work WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant CURRENCIES RMB Chinese Yuan (Renminbi) USD United States Dollar Conversion rate: 1 USD = 8.3 RMB SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE VII J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. SHANGHAI MUNICIPALITY 1 2 With a total population of over 16 million inhabitants excluding the “floating population” , Shanghai is China’s largest city and the third largest in Asia. Together with Beijing, Chongqing and Tianjin, Shanghai is one of the municipalities under direct control of the Central Government. Situated within the Yangtze Delta Region stretching from Ningbo in Zhejiang Province to Nanjing in Jiangsu Province, Shanghai is at the apex of a very large, highly urbanised and rapidly industrialising corridor. By 2005 this corridor will have a population slightly over 90 million inhabitants. F IGURE 1: S HANGHAI MUNICIPALITY WITHIN THE YANGTZE DELTA REGION [REF . 10] Jiangsu Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River l Changzhou Wuxi l Liuhe River Kunshan Jiading l Mouth of l l Baoshan Chang Jiang River Suzhou l Taihu Lake Suzhou Creek l Shanghai l Qingpu Chuansha l Wujiang l Nanhui Songjiang l l Legend Huangpu River l East China Sea l Fengxian Jiashan City l l Town l Road Jiaxing l Zhejiang Jinshanwei Railway Grand Canal l l Pinghu Tongxing Main River/Creek l Haiyan l Haining River/Creek Hangzhou Bay Provincial Boundary lYuhang # 1.2. THE SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT The Shanghai Urban Environment Project (SHUEP) is intended to provide a sustainable environmental setting for the long-term economic and social development in the Municipality of Shanghai (see Figure 1) while supporting the provision of urban infrastructure. 1 According to the 2000 Census the total population in Shanghai was 16.41 million inhabitants, of which 13.14 were had an urban registration and 3.27 were “long-stay” migrants. 2 Estimates as high as 3 million have been recently proposed SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 8 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT The SHUEP which was approved by the World Bank in June 2003 [Ref.11] would aim to support SMG to: • Implement the urban environment goal of its development strategy and thereby help to ensure that economic growth takes place in an environmentally and institutionally sustainable manner; • Provide major long-term environmental benefits to its millions of citizens and to the ecology of Shanghai Municipality; and • Develop innovative policies, institutional reforms and financing methods that are needed to support the environmental goals and that will serve as models for local government and environmental reform throughout China. Recognising that to achieve the desired development goals may require many years to resolve and 3 cannot be addressed by a conventional (or typical) investment operation, the SHUEP has been devised as an Adaptable Program Loan consisting of a series of loans over a 7-10 year period, divided into 3 phases. A key requirement of the APL is that there is a clear and feasible development program in place to guide implementation of the projects and to provide clear milestones and benchmarks for policy and institutional reform. 1.2.1. THE OVERALL APL FRAM EWORK The overall framework for the SHUEP APL has been formulated in the Development Programme for Shanghai APL Project [Ref. 12]. As indicated in the document, the framework complies with (and has indeed been built upon) the Tenth Five Year Plan and the Shanghai General Master Plan. The APL has been divided into three phases. Each phase has a broad theme leading to a series of objectives, components, actions and triggers, and performance indicators. Although initially the core program/themes of the APL appears to form a continuum in time, in conceptual terms each phase is designed to give prominence to one aspect of the urban environmental strategy being pursued. As described in the Project Appraisal Document [Ref.11]: In Phase 1 prominence is given to further developing the underpinnings and enabling condition to pursue an integrated/regional approach to environmental issues. Investments included in this phase are those that are already known to be priority components of the integrated/regional approach (including the protection of upstream sources for water supply, expansion of shared landfills, complementary investments to increase efficiency of earlier investments). Further development of integrated/regional programs and related investments is expected to be continued during subsequent phases. Phase 1 will also test new approaches to upgrading urban environmental services n i a poorer, underserved area through a pilot program. Phase 2 will support implementation of programs that address environmental issues of greater complexity and respond to the deepening of SMG’s work on the environmental agenda (including solid waste management program consolidation, bond finance and a district financing vehicle, and continue to expand the pilot approaches to upgrading urban environment services in poorer, underserved areas). Preparations for these Phase 2 activities are to be made during implementation of Phase 1. 3It should not however be ignored that Shanghai has had a long and fruitful relationship with multi-lateral lending agencies such as the World Bank. Significant Projects in the environment sector include: • Shanghai Sewerage Project, • Shanghai Environment Programme • Second Shanghai Sewerage Programme • Suzhou Creek Rehabilitation SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 9 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT Phase 3 is the stage at which the Shanghai authorities hope to begin realising the fruits of their efforts to build up to a sustainable financial system for urban environment services. It is anticipated that further improvements to the operations, management and finances of at least some urban environment service utilities over the course of Phases 1 and 2 would enable the to move beyond the municipal budget to finance their capital investments on acceptable terms, either on the capital markets and/or obtaining finance from a sustainable district financing vehicle. Complementing this is the development and establishment during Phases 1 and 2 of the supply side, including enabling capital market/financing arrangements and institutions. Phase 3 also continues the deepening of the environmental agenda, moving on to begin pursuing some of the improvements in air quality potentially available from the increased supply of natural gas to the Shanghai metropolitan area. A summary of the sectors and key components proposed for inclusion in the Shanghai Urban Environment Project is included in Figure 2. F IGURE 2: OVERVIEW OF S ECTORS INCLUDED IN THE DIFFERENT PHASE S OF THE SHANGHAI APL APL1 City Upper Urban Area Solid Waste IST Wastewater Huangpu Upgrading APL2 Urban Suburban Urban Area Environment Solid Waste IST Wastewater Improvement Upgrading APL3 Urban City Urban Area Environment IST Wastewater Improvement Upgrading SHanghai Urban Environment Project SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 10 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 1.2.2. PHASE 2 OF THE APL (APL2) SHUEP APL2 is planned to continue with the improvements to the infrastructure and environmental needs of the city proper, with phase 2 of the solid waste disposal project, and urban environment improvements as its main tasks. SHUEP Phase 2 will, at the same time, provide assistance to the governments at suburban district and county level in improving their infrastructure and service quality with the focus on several sewerage projects in the suburban area. During the implementation process, Shanghai will try new financing methods and mechanism in the city proper and suburban area. SHUEP Phase 2 will start in the second half of 2003 and should be completed in 2008. Since the outlining of the initial development programme, upon which the SHUEP has been based, a number of factors have intervened: • It has become evident that economic and population growth in Shanghai has been and will continue to exceed expectations as outlined in the master plan of 2002 and the associated sector plans. Although the development programme as initially outlined is still relevant, the sector plans are themselves outdated and require updating to support further the SHUEP. • The award of the Universal Expo 2010 to Shanghai, has further strengthened the commitment of Shanghai to the improvement of its environment. With the adoption of the “Better City, Better Life”, Shanghai aims at becoming an international financial centre, with a concomitant improvement in environmental conditions and service provision. A notable feature of this enhanced awareness of environmental issues is the adoption of more ambitious targets, notably for water supply where it is proposed to provide drinkable water quality to the consumer by 2010. The framework of the APL2 has therefore been adapted to reflect the new priorities of SMG. The components can be broadly sub-divided into 5 categories: • Water Sector Components, consisting of – Shanghai South Water Company Components – Minhang Water Company Components • Waste Water Sector Components (of SMSC) – North West Drainage Area Component – Sludge Treatment Component • Solid Waste Components – Gucun dump closure – Minhang dump closure – Sanlintan dump closure • District Financing Vehicle Componets – Chongming Wastewater; – Huaxin Wastewater – Chongming Solid Waste – Jinshan Solid Waste • Institutional Strengthening and Training An overview of the proposed framework for APL2 is included in Figure 3 Triggers for APL2 will consist of: 1) SHUEP Phase 1 should be ongoing/completed successfully with both SMG and the World Bank satisfied. 2) The various investment plans for SHUEP Phase 2 should be approved by SMG and SDPC and the project preparation should be agreed by the World Bank. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 11 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 3) Approval of the Upper Huangpu Catchment Management Plan, including recommendations for pollution source control and relevant institutional strengthening in the drinking water protection area. 4) Implementation of a publicity campaign for water conservation. 5) Approval of the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Master Plan, including adopting market- oriented charges on users, treatment, disposal, solid waste discharge fee, service charge policy, waste volume reduction, recovery and recycling, and the management and disposal of toxic and hospital wastes. 6) Start to prepare policies and regulations suitable for service/management contracts and/or a concession, and the signing of a social capital participation contract (BOT or concession) for a wastewater treatment facility. 7) Prepare the plan and prospectus for the issuance of long term domestic bonds for infrastructure financing. SMG will make every effort to obtain approval from the Central Government. 8) SMG will initiate a study on the policy and action plan for the establishment of a pilot water source protection fund. 9) Regulations drafted and submitted for municipal approval for agricultural pollution control. F IGURE 3: FRAMEWORK FOR THE APL2 APL2 District Wastewater Water Supply Solid Waste Financing IST Vehicle North West Suburban Enhanced Drainage Transport Wastewater Treatment Area Projects Network Suburban Sludge Dump Extension & Solid Waste Disposal Closure Rehabilitation Projects The project technical and financial preparation was carried out by Chinese local organisations and has been supported by various sources of international assistance to SMG, including SOGREAH, the Design Review and Advisory (DRA) Consultant to the Shanghai Project Management Office (PMO), the responsible institution for the overall preparation of the project. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 12 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 4: LOCATION OF THE PROJECT COMPONENTS Western Trunk Sewer Shidongkou WWTP Guncun Minhang Changqiao SHANGHAI Bailonggang Sludge Sanlintan Management Facility Minhang Keys Dumpsite Water Works Sludge Facility SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 13 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 1.3. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF THIS REPORT In accordance with PRC National Regulations and the World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 related to Environmental Assessment, the infrastructure components of the Project fall under the Category A project and as such, have been subject to full EA. A second major objective is to prepare an Environmental Management Plan which should provide the operational basis for the implementation of mitigation measures both during construction and operation stages of the project. The overall EA for the project consists of the following series of documents • Volume 1: Summary EA • Volume 2: Water Sector EA • Volume 3: Wastewater Sector EA • Volume 4: Solid Waste Sector EA • Volume 5: Envionmental Management Plan • Volume 6: EA Framework for the DFV • EIAs for individual components (in Chinese only) In order to comply with PRC Regulation “Strengthening Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Management for the Construction Project Loaned by International Finance Organisation” of June 21, 1993 and with World Bank Safeguards Operational Policy, the Project Management Office (PMO) and the Project Owner have commissioned the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences to carry out the EIA studies for the solid waste components. This Environmental Assessment for the solid waste is an overall consolidated EA of the three solid waste components namely the Closure and Relocation of Sanlin Emergency Dumpsite, Closure of Gucun Dumpsite, and Closure of Minhang Dumpsite. The primary aim of this report is to satisfy the requirements of the PRC and also the World Bank regarding environmental assessment and mitigation. This EA report is based on the review of the following technical reports: • Environment Impact Assessment for the Closure and Relocation of Sanlin Emergency Dumpsite, Shanghai Environmental Science Research Institute, commissioned by Shanghai Sanitation Bureau, January 2005 • Environment Impact Assessment for the Closure of Gucun Dumpsite, Shanghai Environmental Science Research Institute, commissioned by Shanghai Sanitation Bureau, January 2005 • Environment Impact Assessment for the Closure of Minhang Dumpsite, Shanghai Environmental Science Research Institute, commissioned by Shanghai Sanitation Bureau, January 2005 • Resettlement Action Plan for Sanlin Solid Waste, Dumpsite Closure and Relocation, Shanghai Sanitation Bureau, November 2004 • Social Impact Assessment for Sanlin Solid Waste Dumpsite Closure and Relocation, Shanghai Sanitation Bureau, December 2004 Main relevant regulatory, policy and administrative requirements for environmental assessment of development projects in China applied in the EA are as follows: • Law of Environmental Protection of the PRC (December 26, 1989); • Law of Air Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (April 29, 2000); • Law of Water Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (revised on May 15, 1996); SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 14 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT • Law of Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (October 29 1996); • Law of Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control of the PRC (October 30, 1995); • Law of Environment Impact Assessment of the PRC (Approved in October 2002 and implemented since September 1, 2003); • Law of Cleaning Production Promotion of the PRC(June 29, 2002); • Policy on Municipal Solid Waste Disposal and Pollution Prevention Technology (May 2000) • Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects (November 18, 1998); • Circulation on Strengthening EA for Construction Projects Receiving International Financing of 1993; • Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment (HJ/T2.1-93); • Environmental Protection Design Provisions for Construction Projects (November 29, 1998); • Regulations of Shanghai Environmental Protection (rev. May 27, 1997); • Namelist of Hazardous Waste, PRC (July 1, 1998); • Shanghai Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention Measures (December 14, 1997); • Functional Division of Shanghai Water Environment (1997); • Functional Division of Shanghai Ambient Atmospheric Quality (1997); • Notification on the Implementation of the Amended Functional Division of Shanghai Ambient Atmospheric Quality (2004); • Shanghai Municipal Master Plan for 1999-2020 (2000); • Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Development Plan (February 2002); • Feasibility Study Report of Sanlin Emergency Dumpsite Closure and Relocation (November 2004); • Feasibility Study Report of Gucun Dumpsite Closure (September 2004); • Feasibility Study Report of Minhang Dumpsite Closure (September 2004); Of the ten World Bank safeguard policies, Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.01), Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12), Indigenous people (OD4.20), Natural Habitats (OP4.04) and Cultural Property (OP4.11) are applied in this EA. Since there are no project components that would involve forest, pest control chemicals, international waterways, dams or construction in disputed areas as defined under the World Bank’s OP7.60, safeguard policies related to these are not applicable. 1.4. ORGANISATION & LAYOUT OF THE EA REPORT The ensuing chapters of this report deal with the following topics: SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 15 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT Chapter 2 Project Background & Description Provides an overview of the regional context of the different solid waste components, discussing in turn the existing situation and the solid waste masterplan and the different versions of the implementation plan. . The chapter then describes in detail the three major components, namely: • The Sanlin Dump Closure; • The Minhang Dump Closure; • The Gucun dump closure Chapter 3 Environmental Baseline Situation Provides a general summary of the environmental baseline conditions pertinent to the solid waste sector before dealing in detail with the baseline situation for each component. Chapter 4 Impact Assessment & Mitigation Presents the different impacts associated with each component together with a series of mitigation measures. Chapter 5 Alternatives Discusses the different alternatives proposed for each project in relation particularly to environmental impacts Chapter 6 Environmental Management Plan Presents the details of the EMP for the Solid Waste Sector, together with tentative costs for the EMP Chapter 7 Public Consultation & Disclosure Summarises the results of the two Public Consultations and the different measures related to information disclosure. Chapter 8 Main Findings & Conclusions Summaries the main findings and conclusions of the individual EIAs and provides a summary table of the impacts and mitigation measures associated with the water sector components. The report is accompanied by a series of appendices covering the following topics : Appendix A Bibliography Appendix B Sanlin Dump Closure – Photo Plates Appendix C Minhang Dump Closure – Photo Plates Appendix D Gucun Dump Closure – Photo Plates SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 16 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2. PROJECT BACKGROUND & DESCRIPTION 2.1. REGIONAL CONTEXT FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Information gathered from the Inception R eport of E & E. Inc. provides the domestic solid waste generation in Shanghai. The domestic waste of the Shanghai Municipality comprises approximately 13 000 tons/day, which is around 0.8 kg /day/capita. TABLE 1: ANNUAL DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE GENERATED BY DISTRICT UNITS (UNIT: TONS) (E & E. I NC ., 2003) District 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Xuhui 488,700 555,900 675,000 742,000 750,000 613,200 620,900 Yangpu 483,900 506,100 532,000 571,000 576,000 601,000 618,800 Pudong 471,000 631,100 749,000 584,000 562,000 622,300 611,900 Putuo 375,900 375,100 346,000 411,000 477,000 599,200 598,800 Hongkou 375,200 407,000 420,000 428,000 478,000 455,800 452,100 Changning 242,100 254,000 291,000 305,000 380,000 452,500 450,500 Baoshan 208,600 305,900 342,000 361,000 342,000 401,500 417,900 Huangpu 377,100 400,400 383,000 402,000 447,000 438,100 406,600 Zhabei 261,600 282,100 296,000 317,000 364,000 412,600 392,000 Minhang 101,000 116,700 157,000 189,000 227,000 259,500 316,500 Jinshan N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 265,500 250,900 Qingpu N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 134,200 244,200 Songjiang N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 134,500 195,100 Jingan 165,700 189,200 165,000 173,000 191,000 185,500 189,600 Fengxian N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 217,600 156,800 Jiading N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 179,300 146,600 Luwan 137,600 139,900 159,000 179,000 161,000 166,000 142,000 Nanhui N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 167,400 81,300 Chongmin N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 67,200 54,800 Waterway 31,900 30,800 23,000 39,000 42,000 32,000 47,400 administrative Total 3,720,3000 4,194,200 4,538,000 4,701,000 4,997,000 6,404,900 6,394,700 Data in Table 1 show the solid generation is decreasing in Shanghai after a long time of constant increase. This might be caused by more recycling and reusing work done at the solid waste production source. With respect to disposal facilities, Shanghai’s existing facilities can only support 9 500 tons/day. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 17 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 2:EXISTING FACILITIES IN S HANGHAI MUNICIPALITY Landfill facilities 9.5 T/Day 219 Illegal Open Dump Site 2 Landfills 7 Opens Dumps Emergency Open Dump Capacities Laoggang 4 900 T/Day 2 600 T/Day 850 T/Day 4 060 T/Day Li Ming 1 100T/Day Mostly of the 219 illegal Open Dump Sites are situated in the rural area. F IGURE 5:L OCATION OF SHANGHAI LANDFILL FACILITIES IN 2002 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 18 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.1.1. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AND TREND The solid waste generation in the city area is increasing in relation to population’ growth and GDP /capita’s growth in Shanghai. In general higher wealth and consumption per capita are associated with greater amounts of waste generated per capita in Shanghai. The key objective of the Shanghai Municipal Government is to control the entire waste management process from origin to final disposal. A central goal is to reduce the creation of solid waste at source. The Master Plan describes waste minimization as essential for the overall success of the Municipality’s waste management strategy. It addresses waste minimization on three fronts • Reduction of waste generation at source through increased public awareness encouraging less waste and discouraging the production, marketing and use of disposable items where appropriate. • Separation of wastes prior to collection and separate collection of at least two types of waste so that different portions of the waste stream can be directed to the appropriate form of treatment. • Suitable treatment to promote resource recovery from domestic waste. Such facilities as separation centres, biochemical reactors, and composting plants will result in minimization of the waste stream being directed to landfill. According to the Master Plan, with change in waste composition, there will be a significant need to change the method of treatment and type of treatment facility required in Shanghai. In future there may be a decrease in organic content of the waste stream but an increase in slag from industrial waste treatment and incineration. This slag would be landfilled for final disposal. In order to achieve the objectives set by the Municipality, it will be necessary to increase the number and type of waste management facilities in Shanghai. In addition to the typical household waste stream there are several other types of solid waste to be disposed of in Shanghai. • Bulky waste is primarily made up of old household appliances and furniture such as mattresses, cabinets, sofas, refrigerators, washers, computers • Hazardous waste is a very important part of the waste stream even though it makes up only 0.05% of the total urban waste stream and 0.02% of the rural waste stream. The hazardous waste stream includes medical waste, expired medicine, paint, solvents, batteries, and chemicals. • Plastic waste includes household food and other containers, bags, toys and similar items • Nightsoil has been predicted to decrease in volume due to the different disposal methods now being utilized, • Sludge being produced is predicted to increase with the overall increase in city wastewater treatment facilities and the ongoing dredging of canals. • Industrial solid waste includes industrial slag, coal, and ash. In some cases it also includes a component of hazardous and radioactive waste, which requires special handling and disposal. Industrial solid waste is predicted to increase significantly until 2010. 2.1.2. SOLID WASTE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 19 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.2. SUMMARY OF PROJECT COMPONENTS The solid waste components of the SHUEP-APL2 are the Sanlin dumpsite closure and relocation, Gucun dumpsite closure and Minhang dumpsite closure. They are an integral part of the Shanghai Solid Waste Masterplan. Furthermore, the importance of the closure of Sanlin Tan has been emphasised due to its proximity to the future Expo site. These components are summarised below. TABLE 3: COMPOSITION OF SOLID W ASTE COMPONENTS Project components Contents of the project Waste relocation Closure and Relocation of Sanlin Dumpsite Site preparation Closure of Gucun Closure works (dump side slope mending, final coverage and rehabilitation, rainfall drainage system, landfill gas release, Dumpsite vertical penetration proof and foundation consolidation, etc.) Closure of Minhang Closure works (demolishing, earthwork, final coverage and rehabilitation, rainfall drainage system, landfill gas release, Dumpsite vertical penetration proof, etc) For the Sanlin component, the total project investment is approximately 77.81 million RMB, including 28.8 million RMB waterage for the transportation of Sanlin waste, 9 million RMB for excavation, conveyance within site and lading. The compensation for land use is estimated to cost 4.91 million RMB, and the landfill of the relocated solid waste is estimated to cost 11.43 million RMB. The total cost for land acquisition and resettlement is about 11.06 million RMB. For the Gucun component, the total project investment is approximately 74.05 million RMB. Land acquisition and resettlement is estimated to cost 56.10 million Yuan. The closure works is planned to be completed in 2007. For the Minhang component, the total project investment is approximately 33.10 million RMB. The closure works is planned to be completed in 2006. 2.3. EXISTING SITUATION FOR EACH COMPONENTS 2.3.1. SANLIN DUMPSITE The Salin Tang refuse emergency Transfer dump is located in Sanlin Village of Pudong new area in Shanghai, to the north of Xupu Bridge. 2 Originally covering an area of 191,500m , the Sanlin dumpsite was constructed in 1950s. Currently, 2 2 the land coverage of the dumpsite is 162,000 m , including 79,000 m for open placement, seven docks (four floating barges docks and three fixed docks) available for barge unloading operation, with 760 meters of bank line in total. The current capacity available for new coming waste is about 1600t/d. The average transfer of old waste out of the dumpsite is 500t/d. And according to statistics from the disposal company, there are now 600,000t wastes on site, above 80% are 5 -year old. The dominant compositions are inorganic materials such as plastics, glass, and slag, as well as fine organics, which are highly mineralized. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 20 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT The operation processes at Sanlin include placement of new waste and shipment of old waste. Sources of pollution orginates from the loading/unloading, conveyance, landfilling, leachate, noise from barge, hoist and compaction machinery, which will lead to the pollution of exhaust gas (fetid odour of landfill gas and dust), wastewater (leachate) and noise. 2.3.1.1. CURRENT POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS 3 (1) Landfill gas. The peak yield of landfill gas is estimated to be 8400 m /d, with the discharging source intensity as follows: TABLE 4: LANDFILL GAS ESTIMATION SAN LIN TAN Pollutant CH4 H2 S NH3 Discharging velocity 42000 21.96 160.8 (mg/s) Discharging quantity 3630 1.44 3.18 (kg/d) (2) Wastewater. 3 • The yield of leachate is 62 m /d according to calculations. • The compostion of leachate varies a lot depending upon various factors, among which age of the dumpsite is the paramount one. According to the parameters of leachate from Shanghai landfill sites, the pollutants generated from Sanlin dumpsite is shown below. TABLE 5: L EACHATE ESTIMATION SANLIN TANG Parameter CODCr BOD5 TN NH3 -N SS Quantity (t/d) 1.11 0.31 0.16 0.12 0.03 (3) Noise. See for Table 6 the main source intensity of noise from Sanlin Dumpsite TABLE 6: SOURCE INTENSITY OF MAIN NOISE SOURCE AT SANLIN D UMPSITE Serial Origin of Vehicle and Measured soundlevel [dB(A)] number discharge machinery 1 Vessel Barges 80-90 2 Transportation Hoist 70-80 3 Compactor 70-80 4 Grab 75-80 Landfill site 5 Loader 80-90 6 Tipping stage 65-75 2.3.1.2. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURES • Vertical penetration proof wall along the Huangpu river bank line, 1m into the mild clay layer; • Interception trench around each dump zone. Wastewater from both ground surface and underground are collected into the collecting tank, and then pumped out for shipping outside, with some part for back filling with pump; • Landfill gas released by using eduction pipes. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 21 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.3.1.3. EXISTING PROBLEMS Serious “second pollution” due to the incomplete structure measures. • Leachate pollution of Huangpu river bodies; • Flying ash due to the time lag for coverage and lack of blocking net; • Fetid odour resulting from improper coverage; • Potential hazards on safety (fire and explosion) due to the existence of high methane content in landfill gas. In conclusion, there is a big gap between the existing conditions and the sanitary landfill standards/specifications. 2.3.1.4. LAOGANG LANDFILL Laogang Landfill is located on the tidal land of the East Sea, lying at the east of Laogang Village in Nanhui district, about 60km away from Shanghai center. It was constructed in 1986, and after four 2 phases of construction, the current site covers an area of 6.5km , with the design landfill capacity 3 of 48 million m . The capacity available for new waste is the site constructed during the fourth phase. The maximum 3 capacity is about 35 million m , with daily capacity of 4900t/d. The service life is expected to be 18 years. It has been considered as the most convenient and the most well equipped in Shanghai for solid waste disposal. Main environmental protection measures include: • Horizontal and vertical penetration proof; • Separate drainage system • Daily coverage, intermediate coverage, slope landfill and final coverage; • Compliance discharge of collected leached by treatment on site; • Landfill gas burning device on top of each air induction stone cage to solve the fetid odour problem. 2.3.2. GUCUN DUMPSITE Guncun Household Refuse Dump is located in the premises of Xingxing Village of Guncun Town in Baoshan District, south to the Meixing Highway and 1,100 meters to the west of Wenchuan Highway. The dump covers an area of 177mu (1mu = 1/15 hectare). There is a Shooting Range to the south, and farmland to the north and west. Gucun Refuse Dump, the biggest in Shanghai city proper, has been in use since 1990, with annual average dumping volume of 1,000 t/d (based on truckload). Of the dumped refuse, 40% are construction waste and 60% are household refuse. Today the total volume of refuse already dumped at the dump comes up to 4.5 – 4.6 million tons. 1.5m-high walls surround the dumpsite with two accesses. The average piling height is 20-25m and the dump is divided into two operation zones of South Piling Zone and North Piling Zone. Leachate collection facilities are not installed at the bottom of waste piles. However there is landfill gas release system. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 22 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT North Piling Zone is still under operation, which has underdrain for leachate collection and landfill gas release system. Combined sewer is 5m away from the road west to the dump, with two ventilation shafts. The operational process is rather at preliminary stage, with the refuse upon arriving, just tipping, dumping and rough compacting. 2.3.2.1. CURRENT POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS (1) Exhaust gas. • Fetid odour and flying dust are generated during loading/unloading processes, with the main pollutants being H2S? NH3? TSP, etc. • Landfill gas is generated from the anaerobic degradation of organic wastes. The composition of the landfill gas is given in Table 7 TABLE 7 LANDFILL GAS COMPOSITION ANALYSIS RESULT Constituents CH4 CO2 Foul gases (H2S, NH3, etc.) O2 Volume (%) 63 36.7 0.2 <0.1 (2) Wastewater. 3 • The yield of leachate is 92.276 m /d according to calculations. • The compostion of leachate varies a lot depending upon various factors, among which age of the dumpsite is the paramount one. According to the parameters of leachate from Shanghai landfill sites and sampling analysis, the quality of leachate from Gucun dumpsite is shown below. TABLE 8: L EACHATE ESTIMATION GUCUN Parameter pH COD C r BOD 5 SS* NH3 -N Predicted 6-9 3525 320 600 493 concentration (mg/L) * No measurement of SS; figure from Shanghai average data reference. (3) Noise. See Table 9 for the main source intensity of noise from Gucun Dumpsite TABLE 9: SOURCE INTENSITY OF MAIN NOISE SOURCE AT GUCUN D UMPSITE Serial Vehicle and machinery Measured soundlevel [dB(A)] number 1 Compactor 70-80 2 Grab 75-80 3 Loader 80-90 4 Tipping stage 65-75 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 23 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.3.2.2. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURES There are air induction stone cages and daily coverage measures, but no penetration proof system or leachate treatment system, etc. 2.3.2.3. EXISTING PROBLEMS • Landfill gas. Quite often white gas coming out from induction pipe and occasionally gas burning can be seen in the dump. This brings about unsafe factors to the workers in the dump and the surrounding residents. • Fetid odour. Strong odour smells far around the dumpsite, especially in summer, resulting in large population of flies and mosquitoes. • Flying ash and floating matter impact. Due to the lack of daily coverage, wind and driving of vehicles on the dump blow a great amount of light and thin litters like plastic preparations outside of the dump, which brings about difficulties to the agricultural activities. • Leachate. – South Piling Zone: Due to the lack of interception and drainage system, as well as proper coverage, there is serious pollution on site, especially when it rains. On the western part, the combined wastewater even intrude into the farmland irrigation system to the north of the dumpsite, making the crops become withered and yellow, or even dead. – North Piling Zone: Although the new piling site is equipped with leachate drainage system, by which the leachate can be delivered to combined sewer and eventually WWTP for treatment, d ue to the complexity of leachate composition and high organic content, it can not meet the requirements for entering combined sewerage system directly, which makes the comprehensive renovation of the dumpsite a even pressing task. 2.3.3. MINHANG DUMPSITE Minhang Refuse Dump is located at the juncture between Fengxi Town of Qingpu District and Jiwang Town and Zhudi Town of Minhang District, where there is Fengxi Pond to the south and Xufeng Highway 600 meters to the west. 2 The total area is 210 mu (1mu = 1/15 hectare = 667m ), divided into three zones, with now only small portion of the third zone (95mu) available for wastes from Huacao and Hongqiao towns of Minhang district. Surrounding the dumpsite are basically agricultural farmlands, with the nearest residential area being 200m away to the southern boundary. The site is full of fetid odour, but there are still about 20 migrant people living in the middle of the dumpsite. Minhang Refuse Dump has been in use since January 1998. The daily dumping volume was then 800 t based on truckload (the same as below). 40% of the dumped refuse are construction waste and 60% are household refuse. Now the average dumping volume is 300t/d, and the total volume of refuse on site is about 1.7 – 1.9 million tons. The operational process is rather at preliminary stage, with the refuse upon arriving, just tipping, dumping and rough compacting. 2.3.3.1. CURRENT POLLUTION CHARACTERISTICS (1) Exhaust gas. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 24 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT • Fetid odour and flying dust are generated during loading/unloading processes, with the main pollutants being H2S? NH3? TSP, etc. • Landfill gas is generated from the anaerobic degradation of organic wastes. The composition of the landfill gas is given in Table 10. TABLE 10: LANDFILL GAS COMPOSITION ANALYSI S RESULT Constituents CH4 CO2 Foul gases (H2S, NH3, etc.) O2 Volume (%) 63 36.7 0.2 <0.1 3 The peak yield of landfill gas is estimated to be 25200 m /d, with the discharging source intensity as follows: Pollutant CH4 H2S NH3 Discharging velocity 126000 65.88 482.4 (mg/s) Discharging quantity 10890 4.32 9.54 (kg/d) (2) Wastewater. 3 • The yield of leachate is 109.48 m /d according to calculations. • The compostion of leachate varies a lot depending upon various factors, among which age of the dumpsite is the paramount one. According to the parameters of leachate from Shanghai landfill sites, the pollutants generated from Minhang dumpsite is shown below. TABLE 11: L EACHATE ESTIMATION : MINHANG Parameter CODCr BOD5 TN NH3 -N SS Quantity (t/d) 1.97 0.55 0.27 0.22 0.05 (3) Noise. See Table 12 for the main source intensity of noise from Minhang Dumpsite TABLE 12: SOURCE INTENSITY OF MAIN NOISE SOURCE AT MINHANG D UMPSITE Serial Vehicle and machinery Measured soundlevel [dB(A)] number 1 Compactor 70-80 2 Loader 80-90 3 Tipping stage 65-75 2.3.3.2. MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION COUNTERMEASURES The only facilities for environment protection purpose are air induction stone cages. 2.3.3.3. EXISTING PROBLEMS • Landfill gas. Quite often white gas coming out from induction pipe and occasionally gas burning can be seen in the dump. This brings about unsafe factors to the workers in the dump and the surrounding residents. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 25 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT • Fetid odour. Strong odour smells far around the dumpsite, especially in summer, resulting in large population of flies and mosquitoes. • Flying ash and floating matter impact. Due to the lack of daily coverage, wind and driving of vehicles on the dump blow a great amount of light and thin litters like plastic preparations outside of the dump, which brings about difficulties to the agricultural activities. • Air pollution. The recycling plant on the west of the dumpsite gives out huge amount of exhaust gases, resulting in serious pollution of the ambient environment; • Leachate. Without any collection system, there is serious pollution on site, especially when it rains. On the north zone, due to the lack of coverage, the dumped waste will be blown by the wind into water ditches nearby, making significant impact on the water quality. Besides, the mixing of stormwater and wastewater causes over-yielding of leachate, which has significant impact on the overall environment of the dumpsite. 2.4. NEED FOR THE PROJECT The relocation of the Sanlin dumpsite is urgently needed for the following reasons: • The site generates heavy environmental problems due to the poor initial prevention measures, especially in the context of the 2010 World Expo which will be located few kilometres north.; • The continual presence of Sanlin dumpsite will exert visual impact from the river and from the Xupu Bridge, regarding the flying materials toward urban area, and vertical infiltration of leachates in soils. • The serious pollution has significant impact on the normal life and business of nearby residents. Also affecting the image of Shanghai. • Improve the environment quality of Sanlin area to safeguard the wholeness of the general public. • As one of the actions to implement the master plan on solid waste disposal development • (Chenshan quarry n eed to be filled up to eliminate the potential risk to the public. The relocation to Chenshan will have demonstration effect, and if successful, it will provide a good example and solution for the disposal of several other quarries left in Shanghai) Implementation of the Closure of Gucun Dumpsite is needed for the reasons as follows: • Big gap between existing conditions and the sanitary landfill standards/specifications. • Compliance with the “Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Development Plan” and relative requirements from Shanghai City Appearance and Enviromental Sanitation Bureau – Gucun Dumpsite has been shut down since October 2003. • Eradication of the pollution on air and water bodies. • Making full use of the land resource to improve the landscaping of local area. Implementation of the Closure of Minhang Dumpsite is needed for the reasons as follows: • Big gap between existing conditions and the sanitary landfill standards/specifications. • Compliance with the “Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Development Plan” and relative requirements from Shanghai City Appearance and Enviromental Sanitation Bureau – Minhang Dumpsite will be shut down in a short period of time. • Eradication of the pollution on air and water bodies. • Making full use of the land resource to improve the landscaping of local area. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 26 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.5. SANLIN TAN DUMP CLOSURE Due to the impacts generated by the Sanlintang site on urban environment and according to the Masterplan project the closure of the site has to be done as soon as possible. The Shanghai Environmental Engineering Design Institute proposed a feasibility study exposing the engineering. The study treats of the closure of the Sanlintang Site as well as the implementation of a new emergency facility. The closure is presented with two options. One is a simple closure and rehabilitation keeping the waste on site, the other is the relocation of the waste disposed. For the relocation two sites are discussed. The Laogang site and the Chenshan quarry in Songjiang District. The feasibility study proposed for the closure and site relocation considers that three objectives have to be re-conducted in the future plan: transfer centre, emergency site, and temporary landfill. It appears this idea has to be further developed and other issues have to be investigated as well. The transfer centre function is the main objective and would be needed to transfer transportation mode from land to water. It offers the possibility to switch from land to ship navigation mode as it would be currently done and this in order to establish link with Laogang site without creating over traffic on road. In addition this transportation discontinuity provides the possibility to enhance the size of containers and also to increase the density of waste by compaction for optimisation of shipping cost. So that function has to be maintained but suitable location for this transfer centre has to be found based on the location of producers and transport study. The Sanlin Tang site plays also an emergency role moderating the transport problem. The site currently provides a deposit place even during Dazhi canal is cut. This emergency dumpsite notion of the Sanlin Tang as also to be further analysed. The Feasibility Study report mentioned that trafficability of the Huangpu River and Dazhi canal has not to be considered as permanent. Due to unpredictable natural factors influencing waterway conditions, navigability problems sometime occurs. In some season and particularly during typhoon, storm, fog or unpredictable crowd at the gate and navigation has to be stopped. According to de design institute these events happened with an annual frequency average of 75 days a year. But it appears that this frequency can be considered as a maximum, moreover, the blockage period does not exceed the duration of one day. So this emergency function can easily be fulfilled by an over capacity of the transfer centre storage capacity. This capacity increment could be provided either by designing a wider reception pit or by providing an over capacity of transportation containers that would be temporarily stored during these hours. At last, the dumpsite or landfill function that is presented in the feasibility study do not appears necessary for the new project construction. As Laogang Landfill is being upgrading and becoming a technical and safe final deposit for Shanghai Urban area excluding Pudong, it should be unnecessary to create some other “semi-permanent” storage area in other places and especially in the urban area. So rather than creating an other emergency Landfill for raw material the proposal would be to carry out feasibility study for building a safe and modern sorting and transfer centre for pre-sorted material excluding food waste. The waste could be provided by districts that would have make the choice of sorting at source. The concept proposed is developed in chapter The general requirements for the design of “new Salin Tang Dump Closure and relocation” are presented as follow by the design institute: • End of operation and relocation according to the urban planning • Prevention of pollution • Technical feasibility SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 27 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT • Economically sustainable • High operation possibilities • Meeting standards and sanitary landfill requirements. 2.5.1. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS FOR CLOSURE OF SANLINTANG SITE Two main options are presented and compared. They both have as common purpose the definitive closure of the Sanlin Tang Dumpsite. Option 1 consists in keeping the waste on site and performs a technical closure trying to prevent pollution transfer to soils and surroundings. Option 2 consists in a complete relocation of old waste for further land development. Whatever the choice Sanlintang site closure project clearly appears as a priority. The feasibility study in chapter 5 describes thoroughly the relocation engineering plan; unfortunately the design for closure design with final utilisation of land is not totally exposed in the study. Although the description of the project focuses on the process and on the relocation site, the study must provide the necessary information to confirm the data provided by the disposal company. Indeed, the current state of the site has not been described, and this has to be done especially to confirm the volumes, morphology of waste disposal, confirmation of non hazardous waste and existing equipments to protect. At last the conservation of the existing leakage prevention or leachates penetration equipment is essential. These existing equipment have to be recorded on as built drawing for further investigations and monitoring. Also the implementation of a complete groundwater survey network system allowing measurement has to be included in the investments. 2.5.1.1. OPTION 1- CLOSURE AND FINAL SITE UTILIZATION Option 1 is presented as a technical dump closure that could be effective in six month. Several kinds of activities can be envisaged after closure. Vegetal nursery stock base and Urban Park which are the most serious issues presented in the study. The design would have to focus on some particular technical points: • Design complements This proposal for closure has to be completed in order to show how the technical arrangement will be implemented. A huge amount of earth has to be brought, the transport mode is not clear. A high performing gas emission drainage network has to be designed Strict rules for future equipments on site have to be defined. These requirements have to be fully considered in the closure and the project would have to be further developed for a good appreciation and final choice and the items presented as negative or positives point has to be exposed carefully. • Time schedule and cost The option 1 is the shorter issue for construction period and certainly the most cost attractive however the economical and technical comparison of difference presented in the feasibility study has to be more developed. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 28 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT • O&M The comparison table shows that Operation & Maintenance is needed with special personnel. This in presented as negative aspect. In fact, what is really needed is monitoring and control. And this can be centralised and performed through captors sending information to a specific lab. The lab would provide semi annual or annual report as would be defined by a specific monitoring program. • Complementary studies should include : Ä Topographic survey of the dumpsite Ä Cross section showing the natural contour below the site and cut off wall Ä Location map of special hazardous waste if any Ä Estimation of Gas production Ä Estimation of leachates production Ä Monitoring equipment F IGURE 2-6: SKETCH OF CLOSURE WITH FINAL REUTILISATION East West SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 29 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT East Control wells Existing protection wall Top cover West Huangpu River • participation to green area Concerning this option, landscaping the cell area and keeping the waste on site is a suitable issue for green area development. This needs to provide the necessary quantity of material for cover, drainage and fertilize. The result would not allow heavy construction to be build in future plans. But green area development is also planned in the urban development process and the site which is located close to the Xupu Bridge can be included in the south part of the green belt planned by the municipality of Shanghai. In addition, it has to be noted that a mix possibility exists, combining the others and reshaping the slopes and the top. Since the morphology of the current site is not suitable for landscape. A green area can be developed by removing a limited quantity of material. This limited works would allow promoting this existing elevated land, making shape arrangements for more attractive sight from existing point of view. Contours can be cut with smooth and original shape for more attractive landscape and total elevation can be reduce, keeping slopes and tracks for suitable rain water drainage. Once cover, and green, the site could participate in the green belt space system with real attractive visual effect. These “sub-option” has the same technical characteristics as “closure and final utilisation” but it still generates transport and could provides more acceptable landscape than present. 2.5.1.2. OPTION 2 – RELOCATION AND LAND DEVELOPMENT Option 2 is presented as a simple and reliable project in term of technology and economy. As it also appears as the most environmentally friendly choice, the recommendation proposes this option as the most convenient selection. The solution appears indeed very attractive. It has however to be further demonstrated considering the environmental impacts caused by the transport 600.000 m3 of waste and earth. The environmental impact can be reduced by following strict rules and with confirmation there is no hazardous waste included in Sanlintan pile. Transport will have to be performed by waterway in secure barges and loading process has to be managed according to wind conditions in order to prevent dispersion of light elements. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 30 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT The difference between the two projects is approximately M RMB12. this appears rather low while it has to be considered the dig out and transport of more than 600.000 t of waste and earth material by waterway. Two areas for final deposit are presented: • Laogang landfill site • Chenshan site Quarry This option of a total relocation the process has been thoroughly exposed and a time schedule has been done foreseeing four years of transportation. This time schedule has been calculated according de capacity of transport to Chenshan Mine’s dock that has to be equipped in landfill. The time schedule in case of transportation to Laogang has unfortunately not been calculated, we assume it is about the same. The calculation with the characteristics of Laogang could be done easily and can provide assets for better analysis. At last and as already presented with the option 1, the conservation of the existing leakage prevention or leachates penetration equipment is needed. These works have to be recorded in as built drawings. Also the implementation of a complete groundwater survey network system allowing measurement and pumping for site monitoring, in the next few years, have to be included in the investments as well as operation and maintenance. So the main elements needed to complete this study are • Time schedule for relocation to Laogang • Monitoring system for ground water • Estimation of gas composition and non hazardous works • Environmental assessment of Songjiang quarry landfill implementation and transport • Sanlintan technical assessment for confirmation of non hazardous waste and relocation recommendation for special waste (if any). The Figure 2-7: sketch for relocation shows the principle for rearrangement needed for this site. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 31 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 2-7: SKETCH FOR RELOCATION Existing protection wall East West Sanlingtang Site Huangpu River East Earthfill at ground level with gravel West Huangpu River 2.5.1.3. ANALYSIS OF OPTIONS Two possible issues for Sanlin Tang site closure are presented: Total relocation of old waste or the simple landscaping and coverage of the existing site, the choice is not so obvious and a thorough analysis of both would be necessary. Removing out the whole quantity of waste disposed in Sanlintang would indeed be a definitive solution for the restitution of initial environmental status of the site and area. The project of relocation is clear simple and technically feasible. Moreover the material observed at the surface appears as old waste, with low odour emission. However since fermentation is a long process, gas emissions can occur and works can be hazardous in some places. So the characterisation of material is essential for the definition of works safety procedures. Moreover research for hazardous waste has to be systematic before relocation of the waste coming from Sanlintan. Investigation has to be perform thoroughly on and into the site and recommendation for transport and final deposit processing have to be done in respect of the regulation for hazardous and special waste. At last, a preliminary sorting could be performed on site for valorisation the some material such as glass, plastic, steel or else. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 32 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT A simple visual assessment of the waste on Sanlintang gives good information about the waste composition in Sanlintang. Indeed this would have to be clarify with methodical analysis but it appears that more than 50% of the composition looks like a mix of silt, sand or maturated organic material. Considering this specific nature of the material on site and aware of the regional needs in silt for landfill covers the project could be improved with the addition of a preliminary mechanical sorting. According to existing references in Europe, a sieve analysis shows that more than 50 % of the old waste material in landfill can be considered as silt. The fraction could be separated by a 0-50 mm sieve, and only refuse will be considered as waste. More over, the refusal fraction will include plastics, papers, steel, glass,… and all these material can be sorted and recycled while the 0-50 mm fraction can be reused as cover for the others site closure and can especially be used for Laogang 1, 2 or 3 cell closure. The sorting with sieve can be done before transportation on the belt conveyor so the silt 0-50 mm fraction can remain on site to be transported afterward by truck. It could also be transported by boat to Laogang, or eventually to Guncun, or Minhang site if needed. TABLE 2-13: COMPARISON TABLE BETWEEN RELOCATION AND CLOSURE Item Closure and final utilisation Relocation and closure Engineering Cover layer, gas collection, Simple earthworks can be leachates collection improve with sieve separation Urban Green area land development Planning Technical Yes, with but ground level Needs high environmental feasibility requirement for transportation implementation 6 month estimated 4 years estimated time O&M Monitoring and control needed Monitoring of ground water required Site selection Not necessary Reuse of silt and recycling of waste, residue can go to Laogang or else. Investment RMB 60 Millions to be 90 MRmb for Laogang (for confirmed 600 000 m3) would be reduce around 80MRMB with sieve sorting and reuse of silts fraction. 78 M Rmb for Chanshan (excluding complementary investigations, safety measures for works in pit, side and bottom liner system, complementary materials for total filling) SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 33 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.5.2. RELOCATION OF WASTE TO LAOGANG Laogang Landfill located on the tidal land of the East Sea, lying at the east of Laogang Township in Nanhui district. The current site lies on a total area of 361 hectares, and the landfill is expected to dispose of 7000 tons of waste daily with a designed capacity over 25 years.This place will be able to be considered as the most convenient and the most well equipped in Shanghai area for solid waste treatment. Moreover, the rehabilitation works of Laogang phases1,2,3 and the new environmental concepts for operating the phase 4 will need the provident of huge quantity of clean material. The 0-50 mm fraction of material after sorting can be used as final or intermediate cover. It would provide the necessary material for daily, periodic and final cover of cells for Laogang 4 new technical Landfill. The material can be provided within a period of four years after complete maturation in Sanlintang. By performing a sieve segregation on site the material can be considered as valuable for Laogang operator. Refuses of sieving can b e either sent to Laogang as waste or sort on site for recycling. Anyway these materials can be transported to the site without sorting and can be also used as temporary cover such that they can prevent fresh waste to fly or generate odours. The condition for using the material has to be describe in the investigation report to be done after site assessment 2.5.3. RELOCATION TO SONGJIANG DISTRICT AT CHESHAN QUARRY The other possibility exposed by the feasibility study is Cheshan Stone Mining which is located in the south side of Chenshan Town in Songjiang District. The mine was opened for providing stone construction to the army civil engineering corps. Operation has been developed on the western side of an isolated rocky hill, located some kilometres away from Chenshan Tourism Centre and observatory. The operation of the mine isn’t active any more today, but the land is still under Military regulation. The remaining hole provides a huge volume of void. The cliff on the North side is about 100m high. On south and south-East, there is no subsisting relief and the border of the quarry’s altitude is equal to the general alluvium ground level. The stone was also dug-out below the ground level to approximately 60 metres depth. Since the rock material looks extremely massive and composed of crystalline stones, it was extracted by blasting works. The opened hole has become a reservoir retaining rain water and other infiltration from soil and the water surface. The water level in the reservoir was located something like 40 to 50 below ground level at the date of the visit (26/11/04). This water is obviously brought from rain but does also probably come from ground water circulation. Indeed the massive rocks appear as compact and do not apparently allow water circulation but there are areas in the border that present some moisture. This especially appears on the lower side, close to the contact with alluvium plain were blasting probably provoked cracks. The quarry is located 75 meters away from a secondary canal. Unfortunately too small for navigation, the canal could nevertheless receive the pumping water exhausted from the hole. The available volume of the void is around 1.250.000 m3. The mine pit is located one kilometre away from Youdungang canal and less than 60 km from Sanlin Tang. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 34 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 2-8: POSITION OF THE QUARRY AND OF THE GROUNDWATER Rain Yudoun Canal Evaporation Cracked rock zone Massive rock Alluvial soils The discussion related to transport method take place in the case of Chenshan Quarry would be selected as final relocation for Sanlintang waste. Water and land transport are developed in Songjiang District. Chenshan Mining Plant is just next to Chenshantang water and accessible to nearby Shekun Highway. Therefore both water and land transport can be selected. Despite this site is not proper located for settle a Landfill, transport condition can be discussed. Although land transport can be operated in all the weather condition, traffic impact, and long transport distance of about 60km make the choice unattractive. 2.6. GUCUN DUMP CLOSURE 2.6.1. PLAN ALTERNATIVES 2.6.1.1. PLAN ONE: CLOSURE AND FINAL SITE UTILIZATION The plan one is a standard closure of the temporary dumpsite that will have all the necessary purpose for reducing the environmental impact: Ä minimize generation of leachate, Ä manage the production of landfills; Ä restore the appearance of the site provide land for green area or nursery stock base; 2.6.1.2. PLAN TWO: BRICK MAKING BY THOMAS TECHNOLOGY The objectives of the plan two are: Ä minimize generation of leachate, Ä the creation of a recycling activity on the site; Ä restore the appearance of the site provide land for green area; SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 35 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT Thomas technology is a new technology for refuse recycling and utilization. It is regarded as a household refused comprehensive treatment technology developed from Thomas brick making technology. It is a new wall bricks making process that makes household refuse after organism stable treatment will be mixed with such raw materials as construction waste, cement, Thomas element and water according to certain formula before the process of high vibrating, low pressing and shaping as well as steam curing. This technology includes six key steps of separation, organism stabilization, shredding, sterilization, Thomas brick making and steam curing. Part of dumped refuse becomes stable because household refuse piled at the dump has received natural organic degradation for a long time. The pre-treatment which is relatively simple only requires separation, shredding and sterilization treatment of stabilized refuse, not necessary to conduct organic stabilization. Construction waste filled at the dump can be used as brick aggregate after separation and shredding. 2.6.1.3. PLAN THREE - SHIPPING-OUT THE WHOLE WASTE QUANTITY Green areas are going to be expanded with the development of Shanghai urban construction. Green area building requires huge amount of soil resource. Stable mineralized refuse deposited at the dump would be screened and used as the bottom layer soil for green area. 9.6 million m3 (Projected according to the total population of 16 million in Shanghai) of soil would be needed based on the assumption that per capita green area is increased by 3m2 which require 20cm of bottom layer soil. Stable refuse can be used as the bottom layer soil for green area while residues screened out will be shipped out. The entire dumping site could be re-use. 2.6.1.4. PLAN SELECTION The proposal of the design institute was done by choosing the most economic and reasonable way describe in plan one . The dump closure presented in Plan One will separate the source of pollution from the surrounding environment. The plan proposes to reduce further pollution from the dump to the surrounding environment. The implementation of the plan will require less investment and short timing, and can develop and utilize the land in combination with overall Shanghai planning. Thomas brick making technology presented in Plan Two appears as an advanced technology. Refuse at the dump would be used for the purpose of resource recycling and non-hazardous. The plan would turn refuse into building materials gradually, use up all refuse at the dump and re-utilize the land finally. However Thomas technology requires less than 20% of household refuse and more than 50% of construction waste in the total feeding material and unfortunately the waste composition at the dump cannot fully satisfy this requirement. In addition toxic refuse is not separated due to the fact that mixed deposit of refuse has been applied for a long time. Though screening is a step in pre-treatment of brick making, residues of heavy metal in refuse will ultimately slip into products. It is not certain whether this situation will have an impact on environment and people’s safety. Furthermore pre-treatment of mixed refuse will increase the cost of brick making and the market of refused derived brick will take time to develop. Therefore the plan presents technological and economical risks and would need policy support to educate the market as well as long timing implementation. Shipping-out presented in Plan Three is an effective measure to realize resource recycling. When all refuse is removed the land can be re-utilized, which will promote the overall utilization of surrounding land. However it will require great work of organization coordination. In addition it will need bigger government subsidy and long implementation timing. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 36 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT Last option in the shipping out plan will be that the entire refuse at the dump will be shipped out to a sanitary landfill site for non-hazardous treatment. This option will remove all the refuse at a relatively short time and the land can be once more developed and utilized. But this option does not mean the transfer of pollution. All the refuse has to be removed out to a sanitary landfill site. This report analyzes the whole process of the refuse shipped out to Laogang Sanitary Landfill Site. At present the total refuse deposited at the dump is about 4.5-4.6 million tons. Assuming that the removal rate is 2,000 tons per day, it would take 5-7 years to finish the whole shipment process. It will also need additional transport vehicles and barges, transport capacity of docks and equipment at Laogang Landfill Site. And the operation life of Laogang will be shortened. According to the preliminary estimate, it would require 40 additional 8t dump-vehicles (50t/d per vehicle), 30 additional trips of barge (150 t per barge) for water transport, 2,000t/d additional capacity for a transfer dock (the current transfer capacity at Wenzaobang Dock is 800t/d). The operation life of Laogang Landfill Site will be shortened by 2 years (at the daily capacity of 5,000 tons). The total removal budget would be in the range of RMB 500 – 700 million on the assumption of the removal rate of RMB 150 per ton of refuse. It is also interpreted that the removal budget for per Mu at the dump will be RMB 3 million. Moreover necessary improvement will be made to relevant roads for bigger traffic for the removal purpose. Traffic noise and flying ash will unavoidably bring about impact on the surrounding environment. Therefore this plan of the entire refuse to be shipped out faces problems of a large fund gap and big implementation difficulty. Considering such factors as economy, society and environment, Plan One is recommended by the feasibility study. We consider the alternative three (nursery stock base) as the best issue for this plan even though the investment are 20% higher than the least cost alternative. The comprehensive comparison of the three plans is shown below. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 37 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 14: CLOSURE PLAN COMPARISON n Items n Plan Description n Plan One alternative 3 n Plan Two n Plan Three n Engineering n Dump closure and n New brick factory n Refuse screening item final site utilization with 800t/d capacity facilities n Technical n Common technology n New technology n Simple technology assessment n Reliable and practical n Some risk n Need to educate the market n Timing n Short, about 6 months n Long, about 11 years to n Long, restricted by unified for closure complete green area construction planning n End product n Nursery stock with n Varieties of building n Soil from screened stable improvement of landscape materials refuse used for the bottom layer of green area n Social benefit n Economic activity n Higher value as refuse n Fair as waste utilized complying with green area recycled for resource development utilization n Economic n Nursery stock for n Fair as building n Better as refused benefit Shanghai green area materials derived from recycled for resource construction refuse utilization n Environment n Effective control of n Control of pollution n Control of pollution benefit pollution source source and utilization of source and utilization of land n Improvement of land n Larger impact on landscape n Larger impact on environment as high traffic environment as high traffic resulted from implementation resulted from Soil from screened stable implementation refuse for the bottom layer of green area n Support n Not necessary n Need government n Need to be listed in the policy support and funding unified planning of Shanghai Green Area construction n Staffs n Periodical monitoring n A lot for factory n More for factory operation required and maintenance operation n Operating n Input of management n To be borne by the n To be borne by the cost fees before the factory factory stabilization at the dump SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 38 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT n Items n Plan Description n Plan One alternative 3 n Plan Two n Plan Three n Investment n Total for pure closure: n M Rmb 184, n M Rmb 92, n i) M Rmb 15.4 n M Rmb 50 yuan/t for n M Rmb 25 yuan/t for refuse treatment to be refuse treatment to be n Total for ecological subsidized by the subsidized by the park : government government n M Rmb n Costs of environment n Costs of environment 35,4 including engineering project to be engineering project to be closure borne by investor borne by investor n Total for nursery stock base : n M Rmb 17,7 including closure n Issues to n None n Need further n Slight pollution to ground consider identification of product water by unstable refuse application n Proper disposal of n Need time to educate residues screened out market/customer n Explosion risk when n Risk of landfill gas deposited refused is explosion when deposited excavated refuse is excavated n Match with n Matched with the n No conflict between the n No conflict between the planning planning as nursery stock planning and land planning and land utilization base to be built according utilization and the move of after the disposal of refuse to the planning disposal site after the disposal of refuse Note: The total amount of 4.6 million tons of refused at the dump is estimated on the basis of truckload and the truckload coefficient is calculated by 80%. Environment engineering in Plan Two and Plan Three includes water, gas and residue disposal. 2.7. MINHANG DUMP CLOSURE 2.7.1. PLAN ALTERNATIVES 2.7.1.1. PLAN ONE: PURE CLOSURE Standardized closure is made to the temporary dump at the existing site. It should be realized to separate the flow of rainwater from that of sewage at the dump, to minimize generation of leachate, to make rainwater after collection through pipes and drains gets into the surrounding rainfall drainage system and to treat leachate in a non-hazardous way after collection. It should be strengthened to effectively induct and discharge landfill gas, and to get landfill gas treated in a non- hazardous way. Effective measures should be taken to separate the source of pollution at the dump from the surrounding environment in order to put an end to pollution for further spreading. Grass seedlings will be p lanted on the dump surface. The land will be planned and developed again when it becomes stable. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 39 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.7.1.2. PLAN TWO: NURSERY STOCK BASE Surface layer will be thickened based on the simple closure. In order to make the full use of land resource, the dump will be developed into a nursery stock base before it becomes stable when the site enclose is made. At the same time trees will be planted to improve the surrounding environment. 2.7.1.3. PLAN THREE: RELOCATI ON The entire refuse at the dump will be relocated to a sanitary landfill site for non-hazardous treatment. This option will remove all the refuse out at a relatively short time, and the land can be once more developed and utilized. But this option does not mean the transfer of pollution. All the refuse has to be removed out to a sanitary landfill site. This report analyzes the whole process of refuse relocation to Laogang Sanitary Landfill Site. At present the total refuse deposited at the dump is about 1.7-1.9 million tons. Assuming that the removal rate is 1,000 tons per day, it would take 5-7 years to finish the whole relocation process. It will also need additional transport vehicles and transfer barges, and transport capacity of docks and equipment at Laogang Landfill Site. And the operation life of Laogang will be shortened. According to the preliminary estimate, it would require 8t 20 additional tippers (50t/d per vehicle), 15 additional trips of barge (150 t per barge) for water transport, 1,000t/d additional capacity for a transfer dock (the current maximum transfer capacity at Minwu Dock is 1,000t/d). The operation life of Laogang Landfill Site will be shortened by around one year (based on the daily capacity of 5,000 tons). The total relocation budget would be in the range of RMB 300 – 400 million on the assumption of the relocation rate of RMB 150 per ton of refuse including RMB 35/t for land transport, RMB 55/t for water transport and RMB 70/t for disposal. It is also interpreted that the relocation budget for per Mu at the dump will be RMB 1.5 million. Moreover necessary improvement will be made to relevant roads for a bigger traffic requirement for the relocation purpose. Traffic noise and flying ash will unavoidably bring about impact on the surrounding environment. Therefore this plan of the entire refuse relocation faces problems of a large fund gap and big implementation difficulty 2.7.1.4. PLAN FOUR: UTILIZATI ON Green area has been expanding with the development of Shanghai urban construction. Green area building requires any amount of soil resource. Stable mineralized refuse deposited at the dump will be screened and used as the bottom layer soil for green area. Assuming the total refuse volume of 1.8 million tons, refuse excavation cost of RMB 30/t, and screening rate of 40% fine material to be utilized and 60% coarse material to be delivered to Laogang Disposal Site, this process will require RMB 230 million. Accordingly assuming 720 thousand tons of fine materials screened out at the selling price of RMB50/t, it can make the revenue of RMB 36 million. Land of the entire dump can be utilized once more. According to the screening rate of 1,000t/d, the whole screen process will take 5 -7 years. The pollution to the surrounding environment will remain same in the cause of operation. Residues to be shipped out will also require additional transport, transfer and disposal capacity. Proper reconstruction of roads around the dump will be necessary. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 40 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 2.7.1.5. PLAN SELECTION The proposal of the design institute was done by choosing the most economic and reasonable way describe in plan two. The dump closure presented in Plan One will separate the source of pollution from the surrounding environment. The plan proposes to reduce further pollution from the dump to the surrounding environment. The implementation of the plan will require less investment and short timing, and can develop and utilize the land in combination with overall Shanghai planning. Standardized dump closure with properly thickened soil layer after the closure presented in Plan Two will plant trees adaptable to the growth at the refuse dump. Dump land will be utilized to some extent at the same time when the dump environment is treated. It has very good social, environmental and economic benefits. Comprehensive comparison of four plans is shown below TABLE 15: DUMP DISPOSAL PLAN COMPARISON Plan Description Item Plan One Plan Two Plan Three Plan Four Engineering Item Pure Closure Nursery stock base Relocation Utilization n Common and n Common and Technology n Simple n Simple reliable reliable n Short, about haft n Short, about haft a Timing n 5-7 years n 5-7 years a year year n Screened-out stabilized refuse to End product n None n Nursery stock n None be used as the bottom layer soil for green area Social benefit n Good n Good n Good n Good Economic benefit n None n Fair n None n Ok n Treatment of n Treatment of n Some environment n Some environment pollution source Environmental pollution source impact in the impact in the and benefit and beautification implementation implementation beautification of of environment process process environment Staffing n A few for n General requirement n Large amount of n Large amount of management after for nursery stock requirement closure operators coordination work coordination work n Large quantity of n Large quantity of transport facilities transport facilities Supporting work n None n None n Proper road n Proper road reconstruction reconstruction Investment n RMB 300-400 M n RMB 200 M SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 41 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT Plan Description Item Plan One Plan Two Plan Three Plan Four Impact on n Fairly small n Fairly small n Considerable n Considerable surrounding area n Special study on n Special study on land utilization to land utilization to n No conflict n No conflict between be made in be made in between the the planning and Match with combination with combination with planning and land land utilization after planning planning after planning after the utilization after the the disposal of the stabilization stabilization of disposal of refuse refuse of land land Plan Two is recommended in this engineering based on the comprehensive analysis of social, environmental and economic factors. Due to the fact that the specific planning on the location of the dump is not determined, the plan design in this report is only given to Plan One of pure closure and Plan Two of nursery stock base. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 42 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 3. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SITUATION 3.1. REGIONAL PHYSICAL SETTING 3.1.1. GEOGRAPHY The solid waste components are located within Shanghai Municipality which is on the western bank of Pacific Ocean at the front edge of Yangtze River Delta. In the area, the topography is relatively uniform ranging from 3.8 to 5.0mAOD as a part of the alluvial plain of Yangtze River Delta. The districts involved in the solid waste components include Pudong New District, Songjiang District (Closure and Removal of Sanlin Dump Site), Baoshan District (Closure of Gucun Dump Site) and Minhang District (Closure of Minhang Dump Site). 3.1.2. GEOLOGY The regional geology of the area of Shanghai is generally composed by a top layer of alluvium, marine and fluvial deposits to a depth of 30m. Underneath the alluvium, there are tertiary volcanic rocks and Jurassic volcanic rocks. The volcanic activities of late Jurassic in this area is controlled by the regional fracture structure of Fengjing-Chuansha base. The volcanic basin of Jinqiao Structure develops on this fracture, and is widely distributed to the northwest. 3.1.3. CLIMATE Shanghai has the obvious subtropics climate characteristics. The average annual temperature is 15.7°C with an extreme temperature of 37.0°C and a lowest temperature of -7.4°C. The average annual precipitation is 1143mm and the average mean sunshine time is approximately 2,170 hours. On the coast, the average rainfall may be higher and reach 1, 428.5mm. The average relative humidity is 80%. The annual average wind speed in this area is 3.2m/s. The main wind in the region is from southeastern direction. Secondary winds are from the northwest and northeast. In 2003, average annual temperature was 17.4°C, the sunshine time was 1,700 hours and the rainfall was 931.2mm. About 50% of the rainfall in a year occurs in the flood season from May to September, which could be divided into 3 periods: spring rain, plum rain and autumn rain. The area is often struck by typhoon or tropical storms during the wet seasons. There were 3-4 intense typhoons in the past 10 years. 3.1.4. HYDROLOGY The location of main rivers and reservoirs in the project area are shown on Figure 9. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 43 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 9: S URFACE W ATER L OCATION IN THE SHUEP AREA SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 44 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT Rivers and lakes Shanghai is covered by a complex and dense surface water network with the density of 26~27km/km2 including rivers and lakes, most of which belong to the Taihu Lake Basin. The main river, Huangpu River, originates from Taihu Lake which is located 113km away. It is 1113.4km long from Taihu Lake to Wusongkou with the width about 400m and the depth about 7-9m. Mijiadu is the major discharge canal of Taihu Lake with the average annual flow rate of about 300m3/s. Yangtze River is the biggest water resource going through Shanghai. The Shanghai section of the 3 river is approximately 15km wide with the average flow rate about 29,300m /s. The highest tide observed of this river section is 5.64m. Huangpu River and Yangtze River are the main water supply source of Shanghai. The inner rivers have water level of approximately 2.5m t o prevent flood and to ensure the navigation and agricultural irrigation. As Shanghai is located on the East China Sea, inner canals are under tidal influence. When entering the sea the impact scope of the water from Yangtze River could reach 50 km, and normally the inland will not be impacted by saline intrusion, unless there is spring tide or the water level of inner rivers is too low. About 468,000,000 tons of mud and sand are flushed from Yangtze River into the sea, most of which is accumulated at the estuary of Yangtze River and the northern bank of Hangzhou Bay. The sand content of water from Yangtze River is higher than that of water from Huangpu River. 3.1.5. BEACH CHARACTERISTICS The riverside area from Laohaibin to Sanjiagang is in total 24km long, where grass seedling land, reed land and beaches are sporadically distributed with the total area of about 535.2ha.The riverside area from Sanjiagang to Panjiahong is 11.7km long with 399.4ha grass seedling land and reed land. There is a large area of beach, in which there is about 865.4ha of beach above 2-3m and about 166.7ha available for land reclamation. The eastern bank of Wusongkou is used as a 2,000m bathing beach. 3.1.6. GROUNDWATER In the area of Shanghai, the ground water level is relatively high with the water table depth ranging from 0.5 to 1.5m. The deep groundwater in Shanghai area is mainly stored in the sand and gravel soils of variable thickness. There are four types of aquifers in the area located to depth ranging from 20-30m to 240-250m. Shallow groundwater is brackish and becomes fresher with depth. The ground water in the shallow layers has been widely exploited. 3.1.6.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE On Dec. 15th, 2004, groundwater around the site was sampled at 5 different points (as shown in SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 45 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT ) for the measurement of the parameters including pH, CODMn, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, Cl-, total Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and total hardness. And the results are shown in Table 16. According to the results, the groundwater around Sanlin Dump Site is badly polluted by CODMn, Cr6+, NO2-N, chloride, NH3-N, Hg, Pb, NO3-N, (all are Class V), and the pollution of As is also quite severe, which means the groundwater has been greatly contaminated by leachate from the site. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 46 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 10: L OCATIONS OF GROUNDWATER AND AIR MONITORING POINTS AT SANLIN DUMP S ITE Legend Groundwater monitoring point Air monitoring point SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 47 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 16: RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING AT SANLIN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L) Monitoring results (mg/L) Item 1# Class 2# Class 3# Class 4# Class 5# Class Permanganate ? * ? * ? * ? * ? index * pH 8.05 ? 7.98 ? 8.27 ? 8.57 ? 8.33 ? NH3-N 670 ? 902 ? 2440 ? 2460 ? 1900 ? Hg 2.81 ? 0.220 ? 0.339 ? ND ? 0.130 ? Cd 0.005 ? 0.001 ? 0.003 ? 0.001 ? 0.002 ? As 0.033 ? 0.049 ? 0.074 ? ND ? 0.091 ? Pb 0.610 ? 0.055 ? 0.111 ? 0.181 ? 0.113 ? Cu 0.475 ? 0.082 ? 0.359 ? 0.104 ? 0.162 ? Zn 1.72 ? 0.231 ? 0.727 ? 0.520 ? 0.506 ? Total Cr 0.179 / 0.356 / 0.981 / 0.565 / 0.372 / 6+ Cr * ? * ? * ? * ? * ? NO3-N * ? 27.7 ? 66.6 ? 47.2 ? * ? NO2-N 0.404 ? 0.434 ? 0.570 ? 0.706 ? 0.404 ? Chloride 1460 ? 2150 ? 4290 ? 4290 ? 3550 ? Total hardness 693 ? 228 ? 248 ? 228 ? 297 ? 6+ Note: Due to the high turbidity of the sample, the parameters of Permanganate index, Cr and NO3-N (marked with *) could not be properly measured. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 48 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 3.1.6.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE On Dec. 15th, 2004, groundwater around the site was sampled at 2 different points (as shown in Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.) for the measurement of the parameters including pH, CODMn, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, Cl-, total Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and total hardness. And the results are shown in Table 17 According to the results, the groundwater around Gucun Dump Site is badly polluted by COD Mn, 6+ Cr , NO2-N, chloride, NH3-N, Hg, Pb, NO3-N, (all are Class V), which means the groundwater has been badly contaminated by leachate from the dump site. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 49 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 11: L OCATIONS OF GROUNDWATER , SOIL AND AIR MONITORING POINTS AT GUCUN DUMP SITE 1# 2# Legend ? ? : Groundwater & Soil monitoring 1.?????????,???????; point 2.?????????4.400? Air monitoring point SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 50 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 17: RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING AT GUCUN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L) Monitoring results (mg/L) Item 1# Class 2# Class Permanganate ? * ? index 32.0 pH 8.26 ? 8.96 ? NH3-N 195 ? 1480 ? Hg 0.120 ? 0.202 ? Cd 0.001 ? 0.002 ? As ND ? 0.039 ? Pb ND ? 0.163 ? Cu 0.021 ? 0.794 ? Zn 0.029 ? 0.342 ? Total Cr 0.012 / 0.260 / Cr6+ * ? * ? NO3-N 2.23 ? 11.4 ? NO2-N 0.421 ? 0.480 ? Chloride 502 ? 4740 ? Total hardness 525 ? 1980 ? 6+ Note: Due to the high turbudity of the sample, the parameters of Permanganate index and Cr (marked with *) partly could not be properly measured. 3.1.6.3. MINHANG DUMP SITE th On Dec. 15 , 2004, groundwater around the site was sampled at 2 different points (as shown in - Figure 12) for the measurement of the parameters including pH, CODMn, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, Cl , total Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Hg and total hardness. And the results are shown in Table 18. 6+ According to the results, the groundwater around Gucun Dump Site is badly polluted by Cr and NH3 -N, (both are Class V), which means the groundwater has been badly contaminated by leachate from the dump site. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 51 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 12: L OCATIONS OF GROUNDWATER , SOIL AND AIR MONITORING POINTS AT MINHANG DUMP SITE ? ? ? ? 1: 1 1 1: ?3.8 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????:727.0 14.0-18.0 3.8 ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.8 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2# 2.8 8.0-10.0 Legend ? ? : ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8.0-10.0 1 . ? ? ? ? ? ?& Groundwater Soil ? ? ? , ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ?? monitoring point 3.8 Air monitoring point ? ? ? 1# SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 52 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 18: RESULTS OF GROUNDWATER MONITORING AT MINHANG DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L) Monitoring results (mg/L) Item 1# Class 2# Class Permanganate index 9.56 ? 2.42 ? pH 7.55 ? 7.18 ? NH3-N 2.88 ? 1.01 ? Hg ND ? ND ? Cd ND ? ND ? As ND ? ND ? Pb ND ? ND ? Cu 0.002 ? ND ? Zn 0.001 ? ND ? Total Cr * / * / Cr6+ 0.004 ? 0.005 ? NO3-N 1.75 ? 0.18 ? NO2-N 0.223 ? 0.016 ? Chloride 323 ? 192 ? Total hardness 584 ? 842 ? 3.1.6.4. SOIL QUALITY The soil quality of the three dump sites was respectively monitored at the same monitoring points as those for groundwater quality (shown in SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 53 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT , Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. and Figure 12) for the parameters of pH, Total Cd, Total Hg, Total As, Total Cr, Total Cu, Total Pb, Total Zn and Total Ni with the respective results as shown in following tables. And according to Soil Environmental Quality Standard (GB15618-1995, shown in Table 19), the analysis results are also shown in TABLE 19: S OIL ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY S TANDARD UNIT: MG/KG Item Class I Class II Class III Natural pH <6.5 pH: 6.5~7.5 pH >7.5 pH >6.5 background Cd 0.2 0.3 0.6 1 Hg 0.15 0.3 0.5 1 1.5 As Paddy 15 30 25 20 30 field Dry land 15 40 30 25 40 Cu Farmland 35 50 100 100 400 Orchard — 150 200 200 400 Pb 35 250 300 350 500 Cr Paddy 90 250 300 350 400 field Dry land 90 150 200 250 300 Zn 100 200 250 300 500 Ni 40 40 50 60 200 TABLE 20: S OIL QUALITY OF S ANLIN DUMP S ITE UNIT: MG/KG ( EXCEPT PH) Monitoring 1# 2# 3# 4# 5# parameters Monitor Analysis Monitor Analysis Monitor Analysis Monitor Analysis Monitor Analysis ing results ing results ing results ing results ing results results results results results results pH 8.60 8.69 8.60 8.80 8.30 Class II Class II Worse Class II Class II than Hg 0.334 0.417 2.80 Class III 0.912 0.283 Cd 0.121 Class I 0.188 Class I 0.274 Class II 0.193 Class I 0.182 Class I As 5.71 Class I 13.6 Class I 23.4 Class III 24.5 Class III 13.8 Class I Pb 21.9 Class I 103 Class II 324 Class II 159 Class II 41.9 Class II Class I Class III Worse Worse Class III than than Cu 33.0 305 1827 Class III 498 Class III 129 Class II Class II Worse Worse Class III than than Zn 117 288 1210 Class III 1748 Class III 242 Total Cr 62 Class I 186 Class II 254 Class III 143 Class II 178 Class II TABLE 21: S OIL QUALITY OF GUCUN DUMP S ITE UNIT: MG/KG (EXCEPT PH) Monitoring 1# 2# parameters Monitoring Analysis Monitoring Analysis results results results results pH 8.57 9.58 Hg 0.243 Class II 0.357 Class II Cd Class I Class I 0.141 0.130 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 54 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT As 6.92 Class I 5.58 Class I Pb 30.2 Class I 22.1 Class I Cu 45.8 Class II 34.7 Class I Zn 184 Class II 119 Class II Total Cr 113 Class II 90.6 Class II TABLE 22: S OIL QUALITY OF MINHANG DUMP SITE UNIT: MG/KG ( EXCEPT PH) Monitoring 1# 2# parameters Monitoring Analysis Monitoring Analysis results results results results pH 8.52 8.42 Hg 0.124 Class I 0.174 Class I Cd Class I Class I 0.108 0.140 As 3.66 Class I 6.78 Class I Pb 14.0 Class I 19.3 Class I Cu 12.8 Class I 19.4 Class I Zn 68.7 Class I 86.2 Class I Total Cr 59.7 Class I 77.2 Class I As shown from the above table, all the heavy metals in the soil of Minhang Dump Site have reached the levels of Class I standard, the soil quality of Gucun Dump Site has also at least met the requirements of Class II standard. However, the concentrations of Cu, Hg and Zn in the soil of Sanlin Dump Site sometimes is even higher than the Class III standard, which means the soil has been greatly polluted. 3.1.7. NATURAL DISASTER The district is located at the front edge of Yangtze Delta in the mid-latitude of Latitude North, which is affected by monsoon with variable and complex climate and frequent hazardous weather. • Typhoon: The typhoon period is from July to September every year. Typhoon intensity is amplified when there are meteorological tides. • Drought: The drought happens between summer and autumn, according to ten years’ historical record. • Hailstorm: It happens normally between April and August, for example, in 1971, 1975, 1977 and 1985. • Tornado: Tornado happened in September in 1956, 1962 and 1976, which brought severe damage to the local area. • Earthquake: The project area is located to the east of seismic region of Kunshan-Huzhou in the Yangtze Delta which experience occasional low frequency earthquake. The national anti-seismic standard for Shanghai construction is 6 Degree. 3.1.8. WATER QUALITY The surface water quality within the three components should comply with the national standard for surface water quality (GB3838-2002). SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 55 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 3.1.8.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE Since Sanling Dump Site is located just on the eastern bank of Huangpu River to the north of Xupu Bridge, two sampling points are selected for the environmental water quality monitoring as shown in Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.. The parameters including pH, NH3-N, TP, Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODcr), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5 ), Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Zn and total Cr are monitored twice, respectively during high tide and low tide. And the quality results are presented in Table 23. As shown in the monitoring results, the quality of surface water around Sanlin Dump Site could meet the requirements for Class I surface water except the parameters of NH3-N and TP. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 56 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 13: L OCATIONS OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINTS AT SANLINTANG Sanlin Dump Site Sanlintang Creek 2# 1# Inner Ring Rd. Xupu Bridge Legend Monitoring point for surface water TABLE 23: S URFACE WATER MONITORING RESU LTS FOR SANLIN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L) Monitoring 1# 2# point Monitoring Result Class Monitoring Result Class Item CODcr 6 I 8 I pH 7.54 I 7.55 I NH3- N 2.23 >V 1.69 V Hg ND I ND I Cd ND I ND I As ND I ND I Pb ND I ND I Zn 0.004 I 0.005 I Total Cr 0.006 / 0.005 / BOD5 ND I ND I TP 0.15 III 0.17 III SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 57 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT 3.1.8.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE As for Gucun Dump Site, two sampling points are selected for the surface water quality monitoring along Baidang Creek and Xingxing Creek as shown in Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.. The parameters including pH, NH3-N, TP, Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODcr), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Zn and total Cr are monitored twice, respectively during high tide and low tide. And the quality results are presented in Table 24. As shown in the monitoring results, the quality of surface water around Gucun Dump Site is quite poor, and the parameters of NH3-N, TP, BOD and COD even could not meet the requirements for Class V surface water. F IGURE 14:L OCATIONS OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINTS AT GUCUN Xingxing Creek 2# Gucun Dump Site 1# Baidang Creek Gucun Industrial Zone Legend Monitoring point for surface water SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 58 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 24: S URFACE WATER MONITOR ING RESULTS FOR GUCUN DUMP SITE (UNIT: MG/L) Monitoring 1# 2# point Monitoring Result Class Monitoring Result Class Item CODcr 114 >V 36 V pH 7.52 I 7.62 I NH3- N 21.4 >V 7.25 >V Hg ND I ND I Cd ND I ND I As ND I ND I Pb ND I ND I Zn 0.016 I 0.003 I Total Cr 0.006 / 0.004 / BOD5 63 >V 22 >V TP 1.70 >V 0.78 >V 3.1.8.3. MINHANG DUMP SITE As for Minhang Dump Site, two sampling points are selected for the surface water quality monitoring at Jizhaipu and near Fengxitang Creek as shown in Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.. The parameters including pH, NH3-N, TP, Chemical Oxygen Demand (CODcr), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Zn and total Cr are monitored twice, respectively during high tide and low tide. And the quality results are presented in Table 25. As shown in the monitoring results, the quality of surface water around Minhang Dump Site is quite poor, and the parameters of NH3-N, TP, BOD and COD could not meet the requirements for Class V surface water. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 59 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT F IGURE 15: L OCATIONS OF SURFACE WATER MONITORING POINTS AT MINHANG ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ??? Legend ? ? ? ? ?? ? ?Air?quality ? ? monitoring point ?????? ???? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????? ? ???? Surface water ? ? quality ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? monitoring point ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????? N ? ??? ? ? ? ?? ? ?????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ??? ? ? ? ????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ???? ? ? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ??????? ? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ? ? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ? ???? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ???????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ? ??? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ????? ??????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ??? ? ?????? ? ? ? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ? ? ? ?????? ? ? ? ? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ????? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ?????????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???????(?) ???? ? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ( ? ) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ?? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ??????????? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?????? ? ????? ? ? ? ? ?????? ? ? ? ??????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ? ???? ? ???? ????? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???????? ?????? ? ? ? ? ???? ???? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ???? ? ? ? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??????? ??? ? ? ???? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ??????? ????? ? ? ? ? ??? ??????? ?? ? ?? ?????? ? ? ? ????? ? ? ? ? ? ? Minhang ? ? ? ? ? ??? ??? Dump ? ? ? ? ? ? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ? ? ? ? ? ????? ?? ? ? ?? ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?? 0 250 500 750 1000M ?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 60 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 25: S URFACE WATER MONITOR ING RESULTS FOR MINHANG DUMP S ITE (UNIT: MG/L) Monitoring 1# 2# point Monitoring Result Class Monitoring Result Class Item CODcr 420 >V 44 >V pH 8.00 I 7.64 I NH3- N 98.8 >V 15.8 >V Hg ND I ND I Cd ND I ND I As ND I ND I Pb ND I ND I Zn 0.026 I 0.014 I Total Cr 0.043 / 0.025 / BOD5 194 >V 20 >V TP 1.93 >V 0.96 >V 3.1.9. AIR QUALITY 3.1.9.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE th On Dec. 29 , 2004, the odour concentration was monitored at Sanlin Dump Site (the monitoring point as showed in SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 61 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT ) for 4 times with the results shown in the following table. TABLE 26: ODOUR CONCENTRATION OF SANLIN DUMP SITE UNIT: MG/M 3 No. Monitoring Results 1 827 2 1257 3 865 4 587 Class II Plant Boundary Standard in “Odour 20 pollutants Discharge standard” Obviously the odour concentration at Sanlin Dump Site is much higher than the Class II standard, which means the odour-removal measures are not enough at the site with great pollution to the ambient environment. 3.1.9.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE On Dec. 29th, 2004, the same monitoring work was also carried out at Gucun Dump Site with the leeward monitoring point (shown in Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.), and the monitoring results are shown in the following table. TABLE 27: ODOUR CONCENTRATION OF GUCUN DUMP SITE UNIT: MG/M 3 No. Monitoring Results 1 286 2 188 3 230 4 465 Class II Plant Boundary Standard in “Odour 20 pollutants Discharge standard” Obviously the odour concentration of the monitoring point at Gucun Dump Site is also much higher than the Class II standard, which means the odour-removal measures are incomplete at the site with great pollution to the ambient environment. However, since Gucun Dump Site has been stopped for a while, compared with Sanlin and Minhang Dump Sites, the odour concentration is relatively low here. 3.1.9.3. MINHANG DUMP SITE th On Dec. 29 , 2004, the same monitoring work was also carried out at Gucun Dump Site with the leeward monitoring point (shown in Figure 12), and the monitoring results are shown in the following table. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 62 J ANUARY 2005  SHANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT – THE WORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT – APL2 - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SOLID WASTE SECTOR REPORT TABLE 28: ODOUR CONCENTRATION OF MINHANG DUMP S ITE UNIT: MG/M 3 No. Monitoring Results 1 845 2 483 3 776 4 716 Class II Plant Boundary Standard in “Odour 20 pollutants Discharge standard” Obviously the odour concentration at Sanlin Dump Site is much higher than the Class II standard, which means the odour-removal measures are not enough at the site with great pollution to the ambient environment. 3.1.10. ACOUSTIC QUALITY 3.1.10.1. SANLIN DUMP SITE The noise levels were monitored respectively at Sanlin Dump Site (the same monitoring point as the sampling point 1# for groundwater, see SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 63 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT ) and at Chenshan (about 50m away from the quarry). As shown in the res ults (see Table 29), the noise levels at Chenshan could meet the national requirements, while those at Sanlin has exceeded the Class II standard, which might result from the ongoing operation of Sanlin Dump Site and also some transportation noise from nearby dump site for construction material. TABLE 29: NOISE LEVELS OF SANLIN AND CHENSHAN Monitoring Daytime [Leq:dB(A)] Nighttime [Leq:dB(A)] point Sanlin 61.2 52.0 Chenshan 41.7 39.9 Class II 60 50 (Environmental noise standard for urban area, GB3096-93) 3.1.10.2. GUCUN DUMP SITE The noise levels at Gucun Dump Site were monitored twice in one day at the same monitoring point as 1# for groundwater (see Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.), and according to the results, (see Table 30) the noise levels at Gucun could meet the Class II requirements of “Environmental noise standard for urban area” (GB3096-93) both during the daytime and nighttime. TABLE 30: NOISE LEVELS OF GUCUN DUMP SITE Monitoring Daytime [Leq:dB(A)] Nighttime [Leq:dB(A)] point Gucun 56.6 49.0 Class II 60 50 (Environmental noise standard for urban area, GB3096-93) 3.1.10.3. MINHANG DUMP SITE The noise levels at Gucun Dump Site were monitored twice in one day at the same monitoring point as 1# for groundwater (see Figure 12), and according to the results, (see Table 31) the noise levels at Gucun could meet the Class II requirements of “Environmental noise standard for urban area” (GB3096-93) both during the daytime and nighttime. TABLE 31: NOISE LEVELS OF GUCUN DUMP SITE Monitoring Daytime [Leq:dB(A)] Nighttime [Leq:dB(A)] point Gucun 46.9 42.9 Class II 60 50 (Environmental noise standard for urban area, GB3096-93) SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 64 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 3.1.11. BIOLOGICAL SETTING 3.1.11.1. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY Wildlife Amphibians and creeping animals including Rana limnocharis, Rana plancyi plancyi, Gekko japonicus, Dinodon rufozonatum and Elaphe rufodorsata are found in Sanlin and Gucun area. And the birds there are mainly those commonly inhabiting in the rural area including pied magpie, sparrow, swallow, brown-back butcherbird, cuckoo and etc. However, in Minhang area, due to the urbanization and environmental pollution, the wild animals like aigrettes, badgers, hares and pheasants have disappeared from this area since 1970’s. Natural vegetation There are tens of herbs found in Sanlin and Gucun areas, most of which belong to Composite and Gramineous. While in Minhang area due to the urbanization there is no more natural vegetation nowadays. To the north of the WTS component area, there is a mixed forest composed of evergreen trees and subtropical species. As most of the area is used for agriculture, there is only little natural vegetation 3.1.11.2. ARTIFICIAL VEGETATION In the Baosham District , the green spaces areas were increased to 573.3ha including 352.8 ha of public green spaces and the ratio of green space per inhabitant reached 14m2/person. This increase of green spaces creates recreational places for residents and contributes to the purification of the overall air quality. There are altogether 150 kinds of greening plants found in this area, most of which belong to Rose. In 2003, Baoshan district was awarded with the honour of “National Garden & Greening District”. In the Pudong New District, t he large-scale artificial forests are road tree belt, shelter belt in farmland along the river and coastal shelter belt mainly with the forests of Platanaceae, Dawn Redwood, aspen, Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl and elm. Secondly there are some urban plants such as Cinnamomum camphora (L.)Presl, Lotus magnolia, cedrum deodara, gardenia, dawn redwood, taxodium mucronatum, holly, sweet viburnum, etc. Most of farmland has been acquired for the development of industry and economy, and some of the remaining farmland has been deserted. The crops left include food stuff, nursery and vegetables. Minhang District is fully covered by artificial vegetations with the mixed forest composed of subtropical evergreen broadleaf trees and temperate defoliating broadleaf trees including white elm, camphor, chinar and metasequoia. And the crops here include paddy, wheat, cotton, cole and other vegetables. The economic fruit trees include orange, peach, pearl and grape. 3.1.11.3. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY The main aquatic vegetation at Gucun site is Form . Phragmites australis- Arundo donax- Zizania latifolia- Typha angustifolia group with Imperata cylindrical. And giantreed is artificially planted around ponds and along the banks of rivers. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 65 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 3.1.12. SOCIAL SETTING 3.1.12.1. POPULATION AND ECONOMY In 2002, the Shanghai industry undertook a fast growing development which leaded to an increase of 12% of the industrial value (231,277,000,000 Yuan), an increase of 17.6% of the industrial gross production value (847,605,000,000 Yuan) and an increase of 11% of the industry sale output value (838,361,000,000 Yuan) in comparison with 2001 figures. At the end of 2002, the farming industry occupied 270,000ha, had 3,154,200 employees and the total farming output value was 23,357,000,000 Yuan. Sanlin Dump Site The Sanlin Dump Site is located in Sanlin Town of Pudong New District. In 2003, the Pudong New District had a total population of 1,766,900 people (13.2% of the total population of Shanghai). Since the opening-up and development of Pudong, the district has got a rapid increase in its regional economy, whose GDP has reached 150.388billion yuan ahead of other districts. And Sanlin Town comes from the original Yangsi Town and Sanlin Town with the total area of 31.24km2 and the registered population of 82,000 and the fluid population of almost 80,000, among which there is a 30,842 agricultural population. In the nearest village to Sanlin Dump Site—Laodong Village, there are presently 771 households with a total population of 1983. In 2003, the total income of Sanlin Town is 7.52billion yuan, 43.29% more than 2002. And the per capita monthly income in 60% of the households in Sanlin area is around 700yuan. As for Songjiang District where the proposed quarry for the removal of Sanlin Dump Site is, it has a total area of 604.71km2 with the registered population of 506,800 by the end of 2003. In 2003 the GDP of Songjiang District has reached 25.25billion yuan, which is 35.2% higher than 2002. Chenshan Village belongs to Sheshan Town of Songjiang Village with a present population of 2700. In 2004 the per capita annual income of this village is 6000yuan. And the fruit trees and flower plantation and poultry raising have become the features of the village. Nanhui District, where Laogang Landfill Site is, has a total area of 688km2 with the registered population of 699,100 by the end of 2003. In 2003 the GDP of the whole district is 19.09billion yuan, which is 18% higher than that of 2002. And Laogang Town is an important town in the east of Nanhui District with the area of 34.19km2 and the population of about 27,000. It has become a essential industrial area with annual industrial GDP of 515miilion yuan. Gucun Dump Site The site is located in Gucun Town of Baos han District. Baoshan District has a total area of 424.56km2 with the residential population of 1,297,100 by the end of 2003. In 2003 Baoshan District has accomplished the GDP of 20.62billion yuan, 23.1% more than that of 2002. Gucun Town is located in the middle-west of Baoshan District with the total area of 41.6km2 and the population of 49,162. And its annual agricultural product is up to 80million yuan. Minhang Dump Site The site is located in Huacao Town of Minhang District. Minhang District has a total area of 371.68km2 with the registered population of 751,200 by the end of 2003. In 2003 Minhang District has accomplished the GDP of 29.04billion yuan. And its comprehensive economic strength is the second in Shanghai Municipality, just following Pudong New District. Huacao Town has a total area of 46.6km2 and the registered population of 52,000. And its annual GDP has reached 3.03billion yuan in 2003. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 66 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 3.1.12.2. QUALITY OF LIFE Health At the end of 2003, Baoshan District had 34 medical agencies. For every 10,000 persons there are 50.2 hospital beds. Education The education system in Baoshan is based on the study ceramic teacher TOW”, “the region advancement” and “the development of information based on technology”. The development of these three sectors has improved comprehensively the quality of the education in Baoshan with 100% of children registered at elementary school, 96.4% of children entering high school and 81.5% entering ordinary university. 3.1.12.3. CULTURAL HERITAGE For Sanling Dump Site, the proposed removal destination, which is the quarry at Chenshan, is quite near the existing Shenshan Tourism Area of Songjiang District. However, for other components, according to a visual inspection of the area, there are no famous old trees, historical sites or cultural sites along the WTS route and on the Bailonggang WWTP. 3.1.12.4. LAND USE ON PROJECT SITES The Solid Waste components are located in Baoshan District, Minhang District, Songjiang District, Nanhui District and Pudong New District. The district of Minhang is mainly residential and are heavily populated. The area of Baoshan, Songjiang, Nanhui and Pudong are less heavily populated. Some of the project area is utilised as farming land. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 67 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 4. IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND M ITIGATION 4.1. IMPACT DUE TO PROJECT LOCATION The Sanlin component requires land acquisition for the relocation of the dumpsite. Moreover, further land will be immobilised for the construction phase. As the BSMF component is located on the existing Bailonggang WWTP, it does not require any land acquisition and therefore any resettlement. The project will acquire 153,390m2 of land for the implementation of the 24,45km long sewer pipe and 39,080m2 of land for the construction or the upgrade of the four pumping stations. The land concerned by this acquisition is farmland, residential areas and industrial/commercial areas. TABLE 32 PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY LAND ACQUISITION FOR WESTERN SEWER CONSTRUCTION PERMANENT TEMPORARY NUMBER OF NUMBER OF SUBCOMPONENT LAND LAND NUMBER OF NUMBER OF AFFECTED AGRICULTURAL AREA REQUIREMENT REQUIREMENT HOUSEHOLDS INDUSTRIES PERSONS WORKERS ( HA) ( HA) Putuo Zhabei Baoshan Total 192,471 222,215 284 1136 To be completed Farming land The acquisition of farming land will lead to the loss of agricultural land and crops and to reduction of vegetable production for the area of Shanghai. Farmers will need to quit their land and to go and live in urban area. However within Shanghai context, the urbanisation is usually well perceived by the farmers as it usual increases their income. The government offers three possible placements for farmers for which the land has to be redeveloped: (A) work at a governmental business or institutions, (B) governmental subsidiaries (lump sum in one time) for relocation, (C) governmental pension for elderly people. The third impact is on farmers who contract their land. Presently landfarm in Shanghai is mainly contracted from people living in other provinces. Mitigations measures may include informing farmland contractors in advance in order to enable them to find alternative solutions (jobs or way of income). No financial compensation is suggested for farmland contractors. According to the local authority department and national relevant law, the project developer SMSC (Shanghai Municipal Sewage Company) will enable the farmers which have been relocated to obtain new jobs and will provide necessary training. Work opportunities such as service work or work dealing with this project (operation and construction phase) will be suggested for the elderly people. Residents SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 68 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT According to the project plan, 284 households must be relocated (including 266 on the sewer route and 18 on the branch transformation). The inhabitant space floor needed to relocate the households is estimated at 37,546m2. The place of relocation will be selected according to the Chinese law and regulations. There are three potential options to relocate the people affected: (A) Relocation at nearby new town. (B) Construction of their own house on a given piece of land with funds obtained for compensation. (C) Obtain financial compensation for resettlement. These options can give the advantages of gathering the farmer community, improving their living conditions (better education, culture and health system, new houses, better transportation system). The relocation can also disrupt the customs of people and create separation with neighbourhood (especially of senior citizens) and make adaptation to a new home very difficult. Relocation to the city will involve change of living conditions which are usually welcome by local residents. Residents which currently run shops on the streets will be economically impacted if the street is redeveloped. Facilities around the resettlement area (transportation, education and health facilities) will not be developed simultaneously to the residential areas which will have an impact on the quality of life of communities. Business Sixty nine businesses (61,374m2) will me impacted by the project. Seven firms will have to be totally relocated and 62 businesses will have to be partially relocated. The relocation of these firms will affect 1,590 people. Relocation places should be selected accordingly to the town plan. A new address will be given to these businesses, labour force arrangement will be proposed and economical compensation will be given to mitigate the financial loss caused by the relocation (cease of production). 4.2. IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION There are three solid waste components, Sanlin, Gucun and Minhang. Since Sanlin is comparatively complicated and involves Chenshan dumpsite and transportation of old waste, it is anticipated that the impacts of the construction phase will be rather significant. 4.2.1. IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER Impact on run-off water a. Sanlin The leachate will be collected and transport ed offsite, hence no contamination to the groundwater. However, the geological review should be carried out and see if vertical cement curtain grouting and horizontal sealing up is needed. Since the Chenshan quarry is located far from any nearby surface water body, and with sound anti seepage measures, therefore, there will be no impact on surface water as well. However, during the transportation, especially, barging of the solid waste, there might be some impact on the water bodies, which could be mitigated by taking effective countermeasures. b. Gucun The leachate (about 15 ton per day) is high organic wastewater, which will be collected and recharged into the old landfill area for treatment, so that an enclosed system will be formed without any discharge of leachate. Besides, vertical antiseepage (1804m long and 9.5 m depth in average) will be adopted to ensure the groundwater will not be affected. Since the dumpsite is close to the Xingxing River, and it is impossible to apply horizontal antiseepage on the bottom, impact though limited is still envisaged. c. Minhang SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 69 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT The leachate (about 18 ton per day) is high organic wastewater. Instead of a leachate treatment system, a stringent separation system will be adopted to minimize the yield of leachate. Beside, vertical antiseepage and densified vertical gasreleasestone cages will be used to expedite the degradation of leachate. Since the dumpsite is close to several water bodies, there will be obvious impacts on both groundwater and surfac e water bodies, in spite of the measure mentioned above. It is recommended to collect the leachate and then either get connected with the sewerage network or transported to wastewater treatment plant for treatment, so as to minimize the impact on surface water and soil. 4.2.2. IMPACT ON DUST Sanlin • Closure works requires transportation from Sanlin dumpsite to the quay, and lading on the quay, both of which will generate dust about 0.125t/d, but limited impact on odor. • Unloading at the quay will generate dust about 0.0625t/d. Malodor gas will have impact on the nearby inhabitants. • Land filling process will emit malodour gas, but since inhabitants live at least 80 m away, so the impact is limited. However, the dust from this process could be 1.3125 t/d. See Table 4-2 and Table 4-3 for the impact predictions. • After closure, the landfill gas becomes the main air pollutant, which at the early stage will be 605kg/d? 0.24 kg/d? 0.53 kg/d for CH4, H2S, and NH3, respectively. It will be 15years after the closure that no landfill gas will be generated. Impact prediction results show that H2S and NH3 can meet the standard. TABLE 33: LANDFILL DUST POLLUTION IMPACT PREDICTION MG/M 3 (without any mitigation measures) Wind TSP concentration prediction of Required stability speed(m/s) various leeward distance distance*(m) 100 200 300 400 B 3.3 11.37 4.14 2.18 1.36 840 1.4 6.71 1.68 0.75 0.42 420 D 3.3 30.60 13.56 7.96 5.33 2280 1.4 45.1 11.31 5.03 2.83 1080 E 3.3 61.97 31.00 19.50 13.68 5320 1.4 68.75 17.30 7.70 4.33 1340 Appraisal criteria 0.3(daily average) SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 70 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 34: LANDFILL DUST POLLUTION IMPACT PREDICTION MG/M 3 (with mitigation measures) Wind TSP concentration prediction of various Required stability speed(m/s) leeward distance distance*( 100 200 300 400 m) B 3.3 1.14 0.41 0.22 0.14 220 1.4 0.67 0.17 0.08 0.04 140 D 3.3 3.06 1.36 0.80 0.53 520 1.4 4.51 1.13 0.50 0.28 350 E 3.3 6.20 3.10 1.95 1.37 1050 1.4 6.88 1.73 0.77 0.43 430 Appraisal criteria 0.3(daily average) • Width of sanitary protection zone for Chenshan dumpsite • It has been defined according to calculation that the width of sanitary protection zone should be 50m. Gucun • Prediction of pollution impact after dumpsite closure • After closure, the landfill gas becomes the main air pollutant, which at the early stage will be 13785kg/d? 8.28 kg/d? 60.7 kg/d for CH4, H2S, and NH3, respectively. It will be 15years after the closure that no landfill gas will be generated. Impact prediction results show that H2S and NH3 can meet the standard at 400m and 100m away from the dumpsite respectively. • Width of sanitary protection zone after dumpsite closure • It has been defined according to calculation that the width of sanitary protection zone should be 300m. Minhang • Prediction of pollution impact after dumpsite closure • After closure, the landfill gas becomes the main air pollutant, which at the early stage will be 5394kg/d, 3.24 kg/d, 23.8 kg/d for CH4, H2S, and NH3, respectively. It will be 15years after the closure that no landfill gas will be generated. Impact prediction results show that both H2S and NH3 can meet the standard at 100m away from the dumpsite. • Width of sanitary protection zone after dumpsite closure • It has been defined according to calculation that the width of sanitary protection zone should be 100m. 4.2.3. IMPACT ON NOISE Sanlin According to the project design, the construction will involve the excavation of Sanlin old waste, transportation of the excavated waste, and the construction of Youdun quay, etc. The noise is mainly from the land filling process at Chenshan quarry. Excavation of old waste, exhaust blower and equipment engine will increase the level of noise in the area which may reach 64dB (A) even 200m from the dumpsite (4dB beyond the limit level). SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 71 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Gucun and Minhang The noise is mainly from the site construction machinery and truck. According to previous similar cases monitoring, when there is a diesel engine on site, the boundary noise level is 62.0 – 65.0db(A), which can meet the requirement of level III of City Region Ambient Noise Standard (GB3096-93) (for daytime). The pile driver, air compressor and concrete mixer are high level noise equipment. The noise of an air compressor when blow off will affect an area within 100-170m; the lorry for construction material transportation will also increase the level of traffic noise, which may reach 90db(A) or above. Therefore, the noise from construction will have significant impact on the surrounding area. According to the Environment Noise Prevention Law of People’s Republic of China, construction works located in a central urban district are prohibited at night, unless they obtained special authorisation at the county level. Therefore, construction works must comply with this regulation and reduce the noise level as much as possible. According to the noise Standard for the boundary of the construction site during the construction period, if construction is carried out during night time with noise exceeding the standard, the construction agency should apply for permission to the Local EPB. Construction may be allowed only during approved assigned dates. Soundproof barriers should be constructed outside towards the residential areas and sound-screen should be installed around the high level noise equipment. In addition, the traffic around the construction site should be controlled in order to avoid traffic jam and to minimise as much as possible the noise level. The noise should be monitored during the construction phase as part as the construction management plan. In order to mitigate the noise from construction, the dumpsite closure works should be suspended from 10:00PM to 6:00AM. After closure of the three dumpsites, there will be no further noise pollution. 4.2.4. IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS Sanitary wastes and domestic wastes from the construction workers may affect the hygiene of the surroundings environment and cause sanitation issues such as presence of fetid odours, development of diseases and increase of the mosquito population. This may generally affect human health at the campsite and in the surrounding areas. The canteen waste water produced by the construction workers should be passed through an oil separator and waste water should be discharged into a septic tank before discharge in the municipal sewage network. The septic tank should be cleaned and take away regularly to guarantee good sanitation conditions on site. The construction phase may require the intervention of numerous workers at the site: a multi-stage construction is envisaged in order to maximise the efficiency of the construction. The construction and the project manager will have to make sure that they contact the local environment sanitation department in order to ensure that the domestic wastes are cleaned up promptly from the site. The project manager will have to inform the constructor regarding good practice of waste management at the site (e.g. no random dumping of d omestic waste) to guarantee good hygiene and health conditions for the construction workers. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 72 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 4.2.5. IMPACT SPECIFIC TO THE GUCUN AND MINHANG DUMPSITE CLOSURE 4.2.5.1. IMPACT ON FARMING AC TIVITIES Wind and driving of vehicles in the dumps blow a great amount of dust and light and thin litters like plastics outside of the dumps. Crops are impacted as farmland around the dump is polluted by these flying litters. Uncontrolled water drainage from construction On Gucun dumpsite, the old piling site in the south of does not have any leachate diversion or discharge system at the bottom. It only used construction material to make simply cover on top. When it rains, the leachate will come through the slope and joins the surface rainwater before flowing away. On the western part, it even flows in to farm irrigation system on the north of the dump, which causes crops withering and dead. 4.2.5.2. IMPACT ON TRAFFIC Impact on fluvial traffic The sewer route passes trough 12 river courses, including 5 river courses which are used for navigation. Two types of methods are proposed to construct the pipe across water courses: Pipe jacking method for river course used for navigation and the cofferdam construction method for other river courses. Generally the construction will have no significant impact on fluvial traffic. Mitigations Comparison of sewer route planning options has been made by the Design Institute in order to determine the route for which the impact on the local traffic is the less significant. The selection of the sewer route should be based on minimising the impact on transportation, minimising the project investment and minimising the social impact. Temporary access roads and bridges should be constructed when the construction involves path excavation or bridge demolition. The construction should be planned in order to reduce as much as possible the impact on road traffic, such as shortening the construction period and enabling access of vehicle to ensure the original function of the road. For busy roads, construction should be interrupted during rush hours and be optimised at night time. The piles of earth and construction material which are not used for re-fill should occupy as little space as possible and be moved away promptly. When the construction implies the coffer dam method, the construction agency should contact the municipal inland river navigation administration agencies before construction. During construction, information on construction works and direction of navigation should be signed posted on the river course and police should indicate signal lights to avoid traffic collision. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 73 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 5. ALTERNATIVES 5.1. SANLIN DUMPSITE During the EA process, several alternatives related to location of new dumpsite and utilization of Sanlin dumpsite after closure were examined. 5.1.1. CLOSURE + FINAL UTILIZATION It will be simple landscaping and coverage of the existing site. 5.1.2. RELOCATION OF WASTE TO LAOGANG + LAND UTILIZATION Laogang Landfill is located 60 km away from Shanghai city centre, on the tidal land of the East Sea, lying at the east of Laogang Township in Nanhui district. The material can be provided within a period of four year after complete maturation in Sanlin. Refuses of sieving can be either sent to Laogang as waste or sort on site for recycling. 5.1.3. RELOCATION OF WASTE TO CHENSHAN QUARRY + LAND UTILIZATION The Chenshan quarry is located in the south side of Chenshan Town in Songjiang District, one kilometre away from Youdungang canal and less than 60 km from Sanlin. It was opened for providing stone construction to the army civil engineering corps, but has not been in use any more. The process would be : • Excavation and transport on belt conveyor • 8t bulky vehicle for transport to the dock and loadin gon barge • transport to Youdun new dock • transfer to the dumpsite with 8t bulky tipping vehicle. A leachate collection blind ditch with the total length of 786m would be built in the centre of the pit. For landfill gas release, stone cage structure will be in the centre of the pit. For the final cover the material to be taken to this site will be old refuse that are basically cured. Comparison between Proposals –Environmental impacts The comparison between the proposals is summarised in the table below. The third option was selected considering the comprehensive social, economical and environmental aspects. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 74 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 35 COMPARISON BETWEEN SCENARIOS FOR THE SANLIN SOLID WASTE Scenario 2: RELOCATION OF waste to laogang + Scenario 3: RELOCATION OF waste to Chenshan + Item Scenario 1: Closure + Final utilization land utilization land utilization Dumpsite closure and final utilization of the site upon Old waste will be relocated, and the land will be developed Old waste will be relocated, and the land will be developed Project description closure after the removal of the waste after the removal of the waste Technical appraisal Relatively reliable Simple and very reliable Complicated, without operat ional experience Requirements on Specific person needed; including leachate collection and Destination of relocation is well equipped with construction Rather complicated, without any experience operational management treatment, methane induction, rainwater discharge, etc. facilities; relaxed requirement on operational management Project total investment About 60 million RMB About 90 million RMB About 77.80 million RMB Operational cost Normal Rather low Rather high In addition to the social benefits from estate development, the Good social benefits from the construction of nursery Certain social benefits from the construction of carnie or real filling and levelling up of the Chenshan mining pit itself will Social benefits base or park upon the closure estate development bring about huge social benefits due to the elimination of a potential hazard. High cost for relocation, but in addition to the high economic Low cost for closure. Some economic benefits will be High cost for relocation, but high economic benefits from Economic benefits benefits from the estate development, high value added will be achieved from the nursery base estate development achieve from the utilization of the Chenshan mining pit. Occupation of the golden stretch of land along the Potential hazard can be eliminated by filling up the pit, which Huangpu river, which will hinder the development of the Occupation of part of Laogang landfill capacity, hence will serve as a demonstrative example for the disposal of the Strategic impact area. affecting the service life of Laogang as strategic landfill site. remaining four quarries scattered in the Sheshan area in Songjiang district easy Waste from Sanlin not taken into account during Laogang Easy, since initial intention has been reached th 4 phase design; besides, it will involve other businesses Operationability including a BOT operation company, which will be very difficult for coordination. Pollution source will be controlled to some extent, and the Eradicate the pollution source. The process of Eradicate the pollution source. The process of implementation env ironment will be improved, but pollution still exist implementation will have some impact on the environment. will have some impact on the environment. With some Overall The pollution from old waste will be handled by Laogang pollution control measures at Chenshan dumpsite, the dumpsite as a whole contamination impact can be mitigated i m p a c t No horizontal penetration proof; contamination will exist, No contamination at Sanlin. At Laogang dumpsite, No contamination to the original dumpsite. The Chenshan especially to Huangpu river and the populated land area separated drainage system will be used, with vertical and mining pit has good performance on natural penetration Leachate along the Huangpu river. horizontal penetration proof, and lechate collection and prevention. treatment No contamination at Sanlin. At Laogang dumpsite, with No contamination at Sanlin. Big risk due to the bad condition E n v i r o n m e n t a l With gas release and self -ignition device, safety can be Landfill gas release and self -ignition device, safety can be assured, but of the mining pit for landfill gas dispersion. assured, but risk still exists. risk still exists. No contamination at Sanlin. At Chenshan, with coverage for Basically, with landscaping and covering layer, no more No contamination at Sanlin. At Laogang, with coverage for Dust control of dust pollution. Limited contamination as it is difficult dust on landfill site after the closure. control of dust pollution, hence Limited contamination. to disperse in the pit Significant impact due to the emission of H 2S, NH 3, etc., No contamination at Sanlin. At Laogang, there is no No contamination at Sanlin. At Chenshan, with coverage for Other air and the distance between the dumpsite and sensitive sensitive target nearby, and with coverage of the landfill site, control of dust pollution. Limited contamination as it is difficult pollutants targets is only 20m. there will be no impact. to disperse in the pit Significant due to the close distance with residential area; Generally no impact since there is no sensitive target near Limited impact s ince Chenshan dumpsite is far from residential Impacts on the some impact on the Huangpu River and its tributary Laogang dumpsite area. surrounding area Sanlin Port. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 75 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Consistency with the EPB approval is needed for putting the old waste at Consistent Consistent Chenshan, since Chenshan falls on the Category I functional definition of the local area atmospheric environment functional zone. Easy to solve the problem of small quantity of Large quantity of earthwork is required after the removal of Large quantity of earthwork is required after the removal of Earthwork balance covering soil the old waste the old waste Unclear. No contradiction between putting old waste at Unclear. Putting the old waste at Chenshan quarry has not Planning of land use Clear, as landscaping area Laogang dumpsite and the planning been approved by the planning authority. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 76 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 5.2 GUCUN DUMPSITE During the EA process, four alternatives disposal options were examined. 5.1.4. CLOSURE AND FINAL UTILIZATION Standard closure at site will be implemented: • Separate drainage system to reduce yield of leachate; • Rainwater will be collected and diverted into combined sewer; • The leachate will be collected and treated; • The landfill gas will be effectively educed and treated; • Effective measures to isolate the dumpsite from the ambient environment to prevent further pollution to the surrounding area. . 5.1.5. OLD WASTE AS RAW MATERIAL FOR BRICK M AKING BY USING THOMAS TECHNIQUE Since the waste on the dumpsite has been naturally biodegraded, some are already stabilized, therefore the pre-treatment could be simple, and only the sorting, disintegration and sterilization is needed, but no need for the bio-stabilization process. The construction waste on the dumpsite can be sorted and shredded to serve as aggregate of brick. 5.1.6. SHIPPING OUT THE OLD WASTE AS BOTTOM LAYER FOR LANDSCAPING Growing demands of soil for landscaping provides a solution for the stabilized, mineralized old waste to serve as bottom layer soil for landscaping purpose. The residues will be shipped out for disposal, so that the land of the whole dumpsite could be re-used for other purpose. 5.1.7. MAINTAINING THE STATUS QUO The dumpsite is divided into two operation zones. The dumping zone in the south is an old one, without leachate collection facilities, but there is landfill gas eduction and discharge system. The dumping zone in the north has leachate collection blind drains and landfill gas eduction and discharge system. Comparison between Proposals –Environmental impacts ITEM Comparison Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Project Closure and final Brick making by Shipping out as Maintaining status description utilization using Thomas bottom layer for quo technique landscaping Technical Common and New; with some Simple Existing appraisal reliable risk, and need support from market SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 77 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT ITEM Comparison Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Period Short; only need Long; need about Long; restricted by No need for half year for 11 years landscaping operation closure master plan Product Seedling or All sorts of Bottom layer of No landscaping construction soil for scenery material landscaping Social benefits Good result from High social benefit Some social No improved with the benefits from environment recycling of waste reuse waste Economical Good economic Huge benefits from Huge benefits from No benefits benefits, as the reuse of waste. the reuse of waste. seedling can be The land can be The land can be re- used for re-developed also. developed also. landscaping in Shanghai Overall The pollution Pollution source Pollution source Big impact on source will be will be ultimately will be ultimately environment due controlled, and controlled; Land controlled; Land to limited the environment can be re- can be re- environmental will be improved developed; big developed; big protection facilities impact during impact during operation operation Leachate Separate Eradicate leachate Eradicate leachate Big impact on drainage system; environment due vertical to no leachate penetration proof; collection for the Environmental impact facilitated dump zone in the degradation south Landfill gas With gas release and Eradicate landfill Eradicate landfill Operation safety self-ignition device, gas gas can not be safety can be ensured due to assured, but risk still exists. incomplete eduction pipe Dust Basically, with Eradicate dust Eradicate dust Some dust landscaping and from dumpsite, but from dumpsite, but contamination on covering layer, no there will be dust excavation, existing dumpsite more dust on from brick screening, residue due to simple landfill site after manufacturing transportation, re- operation and lack the closure. process. land-filling will of final coverage. produce lots of dust, Other air Emission of None Machinery Emission of pollutants H2 S?NH 3 emission during H2 S?NH 3 excavation, screening, etc. Solid waste None Certain amount of 60%coarse None residue material (about 2.76million ton)to be shipped out SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 78 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT ITEM Comparison Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Impacts on Limited No after No after significant surrounding implementation; implementation; area but significant but significant during during implementation implementation External Limited Large amount Large amount No need earthwork needed to fill up needed to fill up required the volume the volume originally occupied originally occupied by the waste by the waste Personnel Limited (for Some (Operators) More (operators) Limited required administration after closure) Associated No need Need government Need to be No need policies intervention and integrated into the financing mater plan for landscaping Operational costsAdministration fee Borne by Borne by Need maintenance is required prior to manufacturer manufacturer fee the stabilization of the dumpsite Consistency with Comply with Comply with Comply with Temporary planning requirement on requirements on requirements on dumpsite, harmless disposal waste recycling waste recycling incompatible with of solid waste solid waste disposal development plan 5.3 MINHANG DUMPSITE During the EA process, five alternatives disposal options were examined. After comparison of the five options, the second option – nursery stock base has been recommended. 5.2. PURE CLOSURE • Separate drainage system to reduce yield of leachate; • Rainwater will be collected and diverted into stormwater drainage system; • The leachate will be collected and treated; • The landfill gas will be effectively educed and treated; • Isolate the dumpsite from the ambient environment to prevent further pollution to the surrounding area; • Surface planting of grass seeds, and redevelopment of the stabilized dumpsite. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 79 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 5.3. NURSERY STOCK BASE Surface layer will be thickened based on the simple closure. In order to make the full use of land resource, the dump will be developed into a nursery stock base before the enclosed dumpsite becomes stable. At the same time trees will be planted to improve the surrounding environment. 5.4. RELOCATION The entire refuse at the dump will be relocated to a sanitary landfill site for non-hazardous treatment. This option will remove all the refuse within a relatively short period of time, and the land can be re-developed and utilized. But this option does not mean the transfer of pollution. All the refuse has to be removed out to a sanitary landfill site. It would take 5-7 years to finish the whole relocation process, and additional vehicles and barges are required. In addition, it will mean extra load for docks and decrease the landfill capacity at Laogang. Besides, traffic noise and flying ash will unavoidably bring about impact on the surrounding environment. 5.5. UTILIZATION Growing demands of soil for landscaping provides a solution for the stabilized, mineralized old waste to serve as bottom layer soil for landscaping purpose. The residues will be shipped out for landfill at Laogang, so that the land of the whole dumpsite could be re-used for other purposes. Taking this option, nothing will be changed regarding the pollution to the ambient environment, and in addition, there will be extra demand on the waste transfer. 5.6. MAINTAINING THE STATUS QUO The only dump that can still receive new waste is the one on the north, with only less than half volume available. Comparison between Proposals –Environmental impacts Comparis on Item Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Nursery stock Maintaining Engineering Item Pure Closure Relocation Utilization base status quo Common and Common and Existing Technology Simple Simple technique reliable reliable Period Available for Short, about half Short, about half 5-7 years 5-7 years another 3-4 a year a year years SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 80 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Comparis on Item Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Product Screened-out None stabilized refuse None Nursery stock None to be used as the bottom layer soil for green area Social benefits Dumpsite can be further utilized, but the full dumps Good Good Good Good (80%) are not developed, so the overall result is not good. Economical Fair, with benefits annual None Fair None Ok revenue of 7.12M for waste disposal Overall Original site Treatment of Treatment of Some Some has significant pollution source pollution source environment environment and and impact in the impact in the environmental beautification of beautification of implementation implementation impact due to environment environment process process the simple facilities. Leachate No leachate from Separate Separate original dumpsite; Eradicate Serious drainage drainage New site can be leachate pollution due system; system; protected with completely to the lack of effective horizontal vertical vertical and vertical leachate penetration penetration penetration proof, to collection reduce leachate proof; proof; system yield remarkably facilitated facilitated degradation degradation With gas release With gas release No landfill g as from Landfill Eradicate Operation and self-ignition and self-ignition original dumpsite. gas New site can be landfill gas safety can not device, safety device, safety installed with can be assured, can be assured, completely be ensured Environmental impact eduction pipe and but risk still but risk still self-ignition device to due to exists. exists. ensure safety, but incomplete some risk still remains. eduction pipe Basically, with No dust from original Dust Basically no dumpsite. Closure Eradicate Without daily more dust landscaping and bio -remediation landfill dust, coverage, after closure, and covering can be done on but during there is layer, no more the new site so that but due to basically there will excavation, serious dust inadequate dust on landfill be no dust. residue pollution on landscaping site after the However, the shipping out, original site closure. process of on the resettlement will and re-filling covering, there produce huge will produce amount of dust will still be huge amount some dust. of dust. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 81 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Comparis on Item Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Apart from Other air Emission of Emission of None Machinery tremendous pollutants H2 S?NH 3, etc. H2 S?NH 3, etc. emission emission of H2S, during NH3, etc, there will be significant excavation, amount of exhaust screening, etc. emission from the processing plant of recycled resources. Solid None None None 60% coarse None waste aggregates (about 1.08 ton) to be shipped out Impacts on Small Small Significant Significant Significant surrounding area External Rather limited Rather limited Rather huge Rather huge No need earthwork required Personnel Limited (for Some (for Many for lots Many for lots Original required administration seedling of coordination of coordination operators after closure) maintenance) work work Need to Need to Need to consider: Need to consider: Nothing l Disposal of l Disposal of consider the consider the current 300t/d current 300t/d disposal of disposal of domestic domestic waste waste Supporting work current 300t/d current 300t/d l Large quantity l Large quantity domestic domestic of transport of transport facilities facilities waste waste l Proper road l Proper road reconstruction reconstruction After the After the Land re-use Land re-use Temporary stabilization of stabilization of after disposal after disposal dumpsite, the dumpsite, the dumpsite, of the waste, of the waste, inconsistent specific specific no conflict with no conflict with with municipal Consistency research on research on planning planning solid waste with planning land utilization land utilization disposal to be done in to be done in development association association plan with the with the planning planning Investment (RMB) 27.10 M 33.10 M 300-400 M 200M None SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 82 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 6. ENVIRONMENTAL M ANAGEMENT PLAN 6.1. OBJECTIVES OF EMP The role of the EMP is to outline the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be considered during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions deemed necessary to implement these measures. The EMP provides the crucial link between impacts and alternative mitigation measures evaluated and described in the EA reports and the way these measures are implemented to achieve their mitigation objectives. For each proposed measure, the EMP defines the technical content, the estimated cost, the schedule of implementation, the role and responsibilities of Government Agencies, the source of funding and the way to monitor the results. 6.2. CONTRACTUAL DISPOSITIONS To secure an efficient implementation of the environmental and social mitigation measures, these measures must be presented in the main contractual documentation which includes 1) The Memorandum of Contract Negotiation and 2) the Technical Specifications, through a clear reference to the EA and EMP and should be detailed in the Technical Specifications. Thus, the preparation of detailed environmental and social specifications for the Contractor will be a first mitigation measure proposed prior to the bidding process, with the objective to have eventually a contractual document which establishes clearly the obligations of the contractor, the quantities of work involved and the related cost of measures. 6.2.1. OBLIGATIONS OF THE CONTRACTOR It is proposed to develop detailed environmental and social specifications for the Contractor, which can be in the future easily adapted to the specific context of each considered project. These specifications will be organized into 4 sections: • Section A : Environmental Protection Management • Section B : Labor Camps and Occupational Health Management • Section C : Safety Management • Section D : Social Management Each section will address 2 aspects: 1) Sub-Section 1 : description of the Contractor's obligations with regards to those aspects covered by the section; and 2) Sub-Section 2: description of performance indicators that will be monitored for deciding payment of the services. Section A will specify the Contractor obligations regarding the preparation of a Construction Site Environmental Management Program (CSEMP) aiming at protecting the work sites and their surroundings against potentially adverse impacts. The Contractor's CSEMP will include the facilities and procedures for the management of camps and construction wastes, the soil conservation measures and proposed rehabilitation works once the construction ends, the measures aiming at protecting cultural and ecological assets if any, the preventive measures against water pollution and the monitoring program (air, water). Section B will address the minimum standards to be implemented in the labour camps and facilities regarding issues as workers accommodation, food supply and canteen, waste management, water supply, treatment of sewage and sanitary conditions on site. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 83 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Section C will address safety issues, and the related Environmental Specifications will cover two distinct aspects, i) On-site Safety, Personal Protection Equipment (PPE), and Medical issues, and ii) Off site Safety issues. On-site Safety, PPE, and medical aspects address all the measures the Contractor needs to implement to ensure a safety standard equivalent to international practice, and to provide appropriate medical emergency procedures for the workforce. Off-site Safety concerns all issues to be dealt with outside construction sites proper. It covers traffic hazards resulting from the transport of equipment to or from the construction sites, and focuses mainly on the trunk sewer component which will involve construction activities along about 1000km in populated and h igh traffic density areas. For Off-site issues, the Environmental Specifications will define objectives. The Contractor will detail in its proposal the plan he intends to implement to achieve these objectives. Section D will define the framework conditions for the Contractor to manage social issues related to construction activities. Most of these conditions will focus on how to reduce nuisance to residents, mainly anticipated from noise, from the temporary road closures and the cut-off of electricity, gas, water or telephone services when laying the trunk sewer network. The contractors will be requested to prepare a Nuisance Control Plan (NCP) which will be discussed with Project authorities and other Municipal Agencies concerned and with affected residents during information and consultation meetings. Issues to be discussed will focus on the procedures to be applied by the contractor prior to close a road or to cut-off water, gas or any other service, and on the general nuisance as access to buildings and shops, noise and air pollution. 6.3. ORGANIZATION FOR EMP IMPLEMENTATION The SHUEP implementation will be managed by a Project Management Office (PMO) under the Shanghai Municipal Government. Under this PMO, three Project Implementation Units (PIU) will be created, one for the waste water component, one for the water supply component and one for the solid waste component. The PMO will be assisted by an independent Construction Supervision Engineer (CSE) during the construction stage of the facilities. It is proposed to strengthen environmental and social management during the implementation of the EMP at both PMO and CSE levels. To ensure that applicable national, provincial and municipal environmental laws, regulations and standards, as well as WB environmental and social requirements are respected during Project preparation and implementation, an Environmental and Social Division (ESD) will be established within the PMO. During construction stage, the ESD will have the responsibility to coordinate monitoring activities with the contractors and concerned government agencies, to ensure the effective implementation of the mitigation measures decided in the EMP. The ESD will be composed of 2 specialists, one Head of the Department (Environmental Specialist) and one Resettlement Coordinator. These two specialists will be assisted by a full time secretary. It is assumed that accountancy needs of the ESD will be satisfied on a part time basis by the accountancy staff of the PMO. At field level, the ESD will rely on the Construction Supervision Engineer, through an Environmental and Social Unit (ESU) including a Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser (CSEA) assisted by Environmental and Social Field Inspectors (ESFI). It is proposed to appoint 1 ESFI to each component (waste water, water and solid waste). The proposed general organization for Environmental and Social management of the project is presented in the following Figure. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 84 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT F IGURE 16: PROPOSED ORGANIZATION FOR THE I MPLEMENTATION OF EMP Environmental EMP Supervision Design & construction period agencies Shanghai Municipal Government SEPA PMO Env. Management Division (EMD) 1 Environment Specialist/ 1 RAP Specialist Shanghai Municipal EPB Shanghai South Minhang Water Water Supply Supply Company SMSC SCAESAB Company PIU PIU PIU PIU Compliance Monitoring Construction Supervision Eng. Environmental Supervision Unit (ESU) 1 Construction Supervision Environmental Adviser (CSEA) 3 Env. Field Inspectors (EFI) Contractor(s) for Contractor(s) for Contractor(s) for Contractor(s) for SSWPC MWSC SMSC SCAESAB 6.3.1. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES The management of the environmental and social monitoring effort will involve open communications between the field personnel of the CSE, the ESD and the PMO. An important element of the communication process will be the organized transfer of information concerning situations that do not comply with the project environmental requirements, specifications, goals or objectives. These situations are identified on site by the CSEA and his ESFI staff, and then reported when appropriate at higher level for decision. To help focus senior management attention on the most important issues, non-compliance observations will be separated into 3 levels on the basis of importance, and communications requirements for the observations will be commensurate with the severity of the non-compliance situation. The proposed non-compliance detection, reporting and resolution flow-chart is presented in the following Figure. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 85 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT F IGURE 17: COMMUNICATION , REPORTING-DOCUMENTATION AND PROBLEM RESOLUTION FLOW CHART SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 86 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 6.4. MONITORING 6.4.1. MONITORING OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES The environmental monitoring of construction activities is at the centre of the effective implementation of the EMP: The objective is to carry out a regular a nd comprehensive review of the actual implementation status of the environmental obligations of the Contractor. This monitoring aims at ensuring compliance of Contractor activities with its contractual commitments as well as with the environmental regulations and standards prevailing in PRC. Monitoring is carried out throughout the project construction stage by the CSEA, assisted in his task by Environmental and Social Field Inspectors (ESFI). ESFIs monitor field activities on a daily basis while CSEA will make a monthly routine visit to each construction site, keeping aside exceptional visits resulting from the observation of a non-compliance. The ESU will monitor all aspects relevant to the 4 sections of the Environmental Specifications. For each section, a Standard Site Review Sheet (SRS) will be prepared at the beginning of the project, by the ESD and the Technical Assistance. The SRS system will allow, on a monthly basis, a rapid review of the environmental progress on the construction sites, a tool for ranking the quality level observed and a formal way to check if requirements expressed to the Contractor the previous month have been given due attention and are satisfactory. Based on this review by the ESU, the ESD will give or not its approval for payments of the concerned components for the given period. Water Quality Monitoring Objectives of water quality monitoring are: • To ensure a strict control of pollution from construction activities and to check the efficiency of water quality protection measures set up by the civil work contractor; • To ensure that construction activities do not alter significantly the river or reservoir or aquifer water quality; • To ensure that the treatment facilities function correctly during the operation period. To satisfy these objectives, two distinct monitoring will be organized, one focusing on construction sites and on the release of pollutants, the other on the condition of the receiving water bodies. The first monitoring system is called a Compliance Monitoring, which will compare discharges from the construction site with existing standards in PRC. Routine monitoring will be performed by the Contractor according to determined sampling sites, procedures and laboratory. Random control of results will be done by the EPB. The second monitoring type is called an Effect Monitoring, as it tries to link specific human activities to any changes in the environmental characteristics of the receiving water body. This monitoring will be carried out by the EPB supported Water Quality Monitoring Component together with their standard ambient river water quality monitoring program. 6.4.2. AIR QUALITY AND NOISE MONITORING Monitoring of air quality and noise will be maintained throughout construction and operation stages of the project. The purpose of monitoring is to ensure that air pollution, dust and noise standards are respected on the construction sites and that these nuisances are kept to a minimum acceptable level for the surrounding residents. Noise will be monitored by EPB. Noise levels will be monitored over 24 hrs duration inside the construction sites and nearly, following national standard GB16297 for measurement methods. Monitoring will be operated on a random basis, without informing the contractor. Special attention will be provided to noise levels during night-time and to noise levels around residential areas. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 87 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 6.5. COST ESTIMATE FOR EMP The implementation of the EMP measures relies on the intervention of several parties involving funding from different budget lines or sources. Most of the activities involve routine measurements, field sampling or testing are to be provided by the contractor, and will be included in his tendered cost. These costs will be presented in his tender in accordance with the requirements and specifications of the bidding documentation. However, the rather limited budgets involved in environmental activities are probably not sufficient to raise a strong interest from the Contractor. Until environmental protection practices become a fully integrated part of construction contracts, penalties are the most efficient way to expedite the process. For that reason, it is considered to establish a contractor obligations budget to a fixed percentage of the construction costs, say 4%. This amount will be split into 2% direct fees to be paid to the contractor in accordance with the progress of the work, and 2% as a retainer, to be paid in accordance with the actual goodwill demonstrated by the Contractor in the implementation of environmental and social measures and for efficient and quick correction of non-compliance. Operational costs for the ESD will be included in the global Project Management Cost related to the PMO and the PIUs. Office and field equipment as well as transportation facilities costs will also be included in the same budget. Monitoring activity by ESFI and CSEA staff is part of the Construction Management and Supervision Cost of the Project. Training requirements involving foreign consultancy will be included in the Technical Assistance budget for the project. Provision will also be allocated to ESD for the appointment of domestic or foreign specialists on an ad hoc basis, if circumstances during the construction stage require such high level expertise. These will also be charged to the Technical Assistance budget for the project. The budget estimate will be provided in the EMP report. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 88 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 36: S UMMARY TABLE FOR EMP COSTS Project Owner Chengtou/SCAESAB Item Sanlintang Dump Closure Minhang Dump Closure Gucun Dump Closure Water Monitoring Monitoring Items (1)Surface water(8 Items): PH,CODcr,BOD5,NH3-N,TP,Petroleum, Chlorine,SS, (2)Ground water(10 Items):PH,CODcr,BOD5,NH3-N,TP,Petroleum, Cr,Pb,Hg,Total Hardness, (3)leachate(11 Items):PH,SS,CODcr,BOD5,NH3-N,TP,Petroleum, Cr,Pb,Hg,Total Hardness. Monitoring Positions (1)Surface water: 3 positions (2)Ground water:3 positions (3)leachate:1 position . Monitoring Frequency 3 - 4 times per year 3 - 4 times per year 3 - 4 times per year Average Unit Cost 110 RMB/monitoring once.one item 110 RMB/monitoring once.one 110 RMB/monitoring item once.one item Annual Cost 25 960 25 960 25 960 (110 RMB*12 months*(3 Positions*8 Items+3 Positions*10 Items+2 Positions*11 Items)) Sludge Monitoring Monitoring Positions - - - Monitoring Items - - - Monitoring Frequency - - Average Unit Cost - - - Annual Cost - - - - - - Noise Monitoring Monitoring Positions 1 1 1 Monitoring Frequency weekly once per month once per month Average Unit Cost 70 RMB/once (daytime) and 110 70 RMB/once (daytime) and 70 RMB/once (daytime) and RMB/once (nighttime) 110 RMB/once (nighttime) 110 RMB/once (nighttime) Annual Cost 9 360 9 360 9 360 Annual Cost ((70+110)*12 months*1 positions) ((70+110)*12 months*1 ((70+110)*12 months*1 positions) positions) Air Monitoring SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 89 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Monitoring Positions 4 4 4 Monitoring Items NH3, H2S, SO2, CH5, Flying Dust NH3, H2S, SO2, CH6, Flying NH3, H2S, SO2, CH7, Flying Dus t Dust Monitoring Frequency continuous continuous continuous Average Unit Cost Annual Cost 26 400 26 400 26 400 Annual Cost Staff & Transportation Annual Cost 20 000 20 000 20 000 Subtotal Annual Budget 81 720 81 720 81 720 Total Annual Budget 245 160 SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 90 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE According to China environmental protection laws and regulations, management rules and World Bank environmental assessment policy (OP4.01), public participation work was carried out during Environmental Assessment to involve the people directly or indirectly related to this project. 7.1. SANLIN DUMPSITE CLOSURE AND WASTE RELOCATION PROJECT Public investigation was based upon the issue of questionnaires, random consultation and announcement through local people’s government, to seek opinions and suggestions from all social circles directly or indirectly related to the project area. People canvassed included staff of government agencies, ordinary residents of town, villages, factory, company, farmers, and professionals, i.e. all interested parties, both affected and benefited. Study Area The project is located on two areas, involving 2 villages: Laodong and Chenshan. Among 771 households (1983 people) in Laodong village, about 1000 live by gleaning scraps that can be recycled out of the dump. In Chenshang village, there are 600 households, about 2700 people, only 200 work on agricultural land, 1000 work in businesses and firms. The residents and the businesses located i n these areas will be part of the public consultation. In addition, the consultation will involve the overall residents of Shanghai. The public consultation was carried out for the following areas: • Local residents in Laodong village, who will benefit from the project • Existing 1000 migrants in Laodong village, who live by gleaning scraps from the dump, and whose interests will be affected. • Local residents in Laodong village, whose interest will be affected by the project • Other people showing concern of the project Public consulted The public consultation was based on the the following people: • Existing residents near Sanlin Dumpsite; • Staff of entreprise and business near the Sanlin Dumpsite; • Existing residents in Sheshan Town and Chenshan Village, Songjiang District. The purpose of the public consultation is to represent the project to the public (namely, design, advantages, impacts and the mitigations proposed) in order for the public to understand the project proposed and to utter their opinions and views. The first consultation was undertaken by publishing a questionnaire on the website and results were analysed shortly after the one month notification period. Mailing questionnaires by post and meetings were also completed twice. The results of the survey indicated the following: - The general public are in favour of the construction project, with 69.8% consulted from Sanlin Town not satisfied with the current environment conditions, and hope the implementation of the project will dramatically improve the environmental quality of the area near Minhang dumpsite. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 91 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT - In Chenshan, Songjiang district, 68.4% consulted are satisfied with current environmental conditions, but worried about the future impact due to the relocation of the Sanlin waste to Chenshan. - As for the two alternatives of Sanlin dumpsite, 65.6% consulted in Sanlin Town chose the option of relocation of the waste to elsewhere. - In Chenshan, although people consulted were in favour of the project, they would prefer, if possible, somewhere else as the destination for relocation rather than Chenshan. Possible air pollution and noise impact seems to be the major concern of Chenshan people. - During first round survey, 47.4% consulted in Chenshan concerned about air pollution, which was relieved greatly after they understood the preliminary conclusions from this EA. - During the second round survey, the general public were satisfied with the countermeasures against landfill and leachate impacts. They agreed with the EA conclusion – the project is feasible, believing that by taking proper measures against the exhaust gas, wastewater, noise, etc., the impacts on environment could be under control. - Being consulted their opinion on the two options for relocation of Sanlin waste, most people from both Sanlin and Chenshan prefer the Laogang option, but there are still one third of the public prefer the Chenshan option, from which it can be seen that with reasonably practical pollution control measures, it would be acceptable for the Chenshan public. TABLE 37: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR THE SANLIN /CHENSHAN COMPONENT WORLD BANK ACTIVITY BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE REQUIREMENTS Public consultation Shanghai Academy Residents and Nov. 29, Laodong OD 4.30 and OP (Draft questionnaires) of Environmental business staff in 2004 Village, Sanlin 4.01 Science Laodong Village, Town Sanlin Town Residents in Sheshan Nov. 28, Sheshan Town Town and Chenshan 2004 and Chenshan village village Interviews with BoHong EPB, Sanlin Dumpsite, September Sanlin specialists Design Institute, etc. 2004 Dumpsite and (RAP/Social Impact Chenshan Assessment) Landfill site Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Public Nov. 19, Website OP4.01 (EA Draft Report) of Environmental 2004 Science Public consultation Shanghai Academy Residents and Dec. 23, Laodong OD 4.30 and OP (Revised of Environmental business staff in 2004 Village, Sanlin 4.01 questionnaires) Science Laodong Village, Town Sanlin Town Residents in Sheshan Dec. 23, Sheshan Town Town and Chenshan 2004 and Chenshan village village Public Meeting BoHong Sanlin, Chenshan September residents 2004 Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Public Dec.. 29, Website OP4.01 of Environmental 2004 Science Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Jan. 2005 OP4.01 (EA Final Report) of Environmental Science Interviews with BoHong EPB, RAP experts Nov. 2004 SCAESB, specialists Solid Waste (RAP/Social Impact Disposal Assessment) Administration Co. Information Disclosure BoHong Public November SCAESB OP4.01 (Social Impact 2004 Assessment/RAP) SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 92 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 7.2. GUCUN DUMPSITE CLOSURE The public consultation was done on November 28, 2004 and Dec. 24, 2004, by holding on-site interlocution meetings and handing out questionnaires to the residents of Xingxing village of Gucun Town. The results of the survey indicated the following: - The general public are in favour of the construction project, with 95% consulted not satisfied with the current environment conditions, and hope it could be implemented as soon as possible so as to improve the overall environment sanitation conditions of Shanghai. - Construction phase: During first round survey, 75% concerned about air pollution, 20% worried about surface water pollution. H owever, both concerns have been relieved greatly after they understood the preliminary conclusions from this EA. - Operation phase: During the second round survey, the general public were satisfied with the countermeasures against landfill and leachate impacts. They agreed with the EA conclusion – s feasible, believing that by taking proper measures against the exhaust gas, the project i wastewater, noise, etc., the impacts on environment could be under control. Nonetheless, the villagers feel worry about the expected results of pollution control measures and the possible more loss from the cancellation of the compensation. Therefore, the project owner should not neglect the detrimental social impact concerned. Various measures should be taken to minimize the possible impacts, so as to safeguard the wholeness of the public. TABLE 38: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR GUCUN COMPONENT WORLD BANK ACTIVITY BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE REQUIREMENTS Public consultation Shanghai Academy Residents of Nov. 28, 2004 Xingxing OD 4.30 and OP (1st round of Environmental Xingxing Village, Village 4.01 questionnaires) Science Gucun Town Public Meeting Shanghai Academy Residents of Nov. 28, 2004 Xingxing of Environmental Xingxing Village, Village Science Gucun Town Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Public Nov. 19, 2004 Website OP4.01 of Environmental Science Public consultation Shanghai Academy Residents of Dec. 24, 2004 Xingxing OD 4.30 and OP (2nd round of Environmental Xingxing Village, Village 4.01 questionnaires) Science Gucun Town Public Meetings Shanghai Academy Residents of Dec. 24, 2004 Xingxing of Environmental Xingxing Village, Village Science Gucun Town Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Public Dec. 29, 2004 Website OP4.01 of Environmental Science Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Consultants, Jan. 2005 OP4.01 (EA Final Report) of Environmental Design Institute, Science Public domain, Local authorities concerned SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 93 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 7.3. MINHANG DUMPSITE CLOSURE The public consultation was done on November 28, 2004 and Dec. 24, 2004, by holding on-site interlocution meetings and handing out questionnaires to the residents of Zhujiajing village, Minhang district and residents of Xiulong village, Qingpu district. The results of the survey indicated the following: - The general public are in favour of the construction project, with 95% consulted not satisfied with the current environment conditions, and hope the implementation of the project will dramatically improve the overall environment conditions of the area near Minhang dumpsite. - During the first on-site forum, the villages feel the 100 RMB per year per capita compensation is far not enough to cover the mental and physical losses, therefore they request the local authority to make economic compensation and hope the dumpsite could be relocated. - Construction phase: During first round survey, 90.6% concerned about air pollution. However, both concerns have been relieved greatly after they understood the preliminary conclusions from this EA. - Operation phase: During the second round survey, the general public were satisfied with the countermeasures against landfill and leachate impacts. They agreed with the EA conclusion – the project is feasible, believing that by taking proper measures against the exhaust gas, wastewater, noise, etc., the impacts on environment could be under control. Nonetheless, there are still some villager feel worry about the expected results of pollution control measures, therefore, the project owner should not neglect the detrimental social impact concerned. Various measures should be taken to minimize the possible impacts, so as to safeguard the wholeness of environmental rights and interests of the public. TABLE 39: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FOR MINHANG COMPONENT WORLD BANK ACTIVITY BY WHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WHERE REQUIREMENTS Public consultation Shanghai Academy Residents of Nov. 28, 2004 Zhujiajing OD 4.30 and OP (1st round of Environmental Zhujiajing village, village, 4.01 questionnaires) Science Minhang district Minhang district Residents of Nov. 28, 2004 Xiulong village, Xiulong village, Qingpu district Qingpu district Public Meeting Shanghai Academy Residents of Nov. 28, 2004 Zhujiajing of Environmental Zhujiajing village, village, Science Minhang district Minhang district Residents of Nov. 28, 2004 Xiulong village, Xiulong village, Qingpu district Qingpu district Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Public Nov. 19, 2004 Website OP4.01 of Environmental Science Public consultation Shanghai Academy Residents of Dec. 24, 2004 Zhujiajing OD 4.30 and OP (2nd round of Environmental Zhujiajing village, village, 4.01 questionnaires) Science Minhang district Minhang district Residents of Dec. 24,, 2004 Xiulong village, Xiulong village, Qingpu district Qingpu district Public Meeting Shanghai Academy Residents of Dec. 24, 2004 Zhujiajing of Environmental Zhujiajing village, village, Science Minhang district Minhang district SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 94 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Residents of Dec. 24, 2004 Xiulong village, Xiulong village, Qingpu district Qingpu district Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Public Dec. 29, 2004 Website OP4.01 of Environmental Science Information Disclosure Shanghai Academy Jan. 2005 OP4.01 (EA Final Report) of Environmental Science SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 95 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT 8. FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS 8.1. PROPOSED COMPONENTS & EIA DOCUMENTATION The project development objective is to facilitate the implementation of the Master Plan for Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Development, strengthen the management of solid waste, and thereby protect public health, improve the environment, and sustain the area’s rapid economic growth. The proposed project has three components: Closure of Sanlin Emergency Dumpsite and Relocation of Sanlin Solid Waste, Closure of Gucun Dumpsite and Closure of Minhang Dumpsite. The details of these components are presented in the following table. TABLE 40: S UMMARY TABLE OF PROJECT COMPONENTS Project components Contents of the project Relocation of 600,000 ton (approximately 1200 days required) solid waste from Sanlin dumpsite to either Chenshan quarry in Sanlin Closure and Songjiang District or Laogang Relocation Renovation of Chenshan quarry Construction of Youdun quay for waste transport to Chenshan Gucun Dumpsite Standard closure Closure Minhang Dumpsite Standard closure Closure The Environmental Assessment anticipates the impacts from both construction works and operation. The main impacts and the associated mitigation measures are summarized in the following tables. According to the EA’s findings, conclusions, requests and recommendations are given below: SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 96 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Project Conclusions Requests Recommendations Sanlin The serious pollution from the dumpsite at Sanlin has affected the Further study and During the relocation routine lives of local residents. Besides, the location of Sanlin analysis on the process, environment dumpsite is c lose to the Expo site, so to cease the pollution and properties of the Sanlin protection measures improve the environment quality, it is quite necessary to close or solid waste. such as keeping the relocate the dump, which is also an inevitable consequence of the solid waste airtight urban development in Shanghai should be adopted. Overall From alternative comparisons, Relocation to Chenshan + final land Only domestic waste can External earthworks comment: utilization of Sanlin is optimal from comprehensive socioeconomic be delivered to for back fill of Sanlin Feasible from point of view; while Relocation to Laogang + final land utilization of Chenshan or Laogan need to be considered environmental Sanlin is optimal and resolved. protection point of view. For the option of relocation to Chenshan quarry, it has the nature of Industrial waste should Filling up and eco- penetration proof, and the construction company has the plan to be resettled separately. remediation of intercept the leachate and send to Songjiang WWTP for treatment; Chenshan quarry build facilities for landfill gas release, undertake final coverage and need to be considered eco-remediation, which are all feasible and can effectively protect the and resolved. environment. For the option of relocation to Laogang, leachate interception and treatment system, vertical penetration proof walls and HDPE horizontal penetration proof liner, and methane eduction and utilization facilities are already available. So the environmental impact can be under control. Chenshan: serious pollution from landfill dust. Within 400m leeward distances, standard requirements cannot be met under whatever meteorological conditions. With dust control measures, the requirements can be met at 200m, 500m and 1000m, under unstable, neutral and stable conditions, respectively. After closure of Chenshan quarry, the impact of ammonia and sulfureted hydrogen is not significant. And the width of sanitary protection zone should be 50m. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 97 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT If without any noise insulation measures, it will still beyond the limit level even 200m away during the period of landfill. However, after the closure no noise pollution has been envisaged. If without any pollution control measures during the relocation process, serious pollution from dust, foul gas, etc. will impact the environment along the route. The project itself is an environmental project, with obvious environmental and social benefits. High economical benefits have been envisaged with the rehabilitation of Sanlin environment. In general, the general public from Sanlin show their support for the project, and will be cooperative for the resettlement; People in Chenshan, however, show their concerns on the future environment quality, which will inevitably affect their quality of life. Most interviewees agree with the conclusions of this report, and deem it as feasible from environmental protection point of view. Sanlin closure project is totally conformable with the Solid Waste Disposal Development Plan. Gucun As a temporary dumpsite, Gucun Dump site does not meet the Strengthen the requirements for sanitary landfills. To eradicate the pollution of air, environmental water, and fully utilize the land resource and improve the landscaping, management during it has become a pressing task to close and make final use of the construction stage dumpsite. Overall From comparison of the three options, Closure and Land Utilization Close attention should comment: has been recommended as it can reduce the impact on environment, be paid on the Feasible from and during the construction process, there will be no significant effectiveness of environmental detrimental impact. The investment required is reasonable comparing penetration proof of the protection with the current socioeconomic conditions site; environmental point of view. monitoring on ground water and surface watercourse should be strengthened. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 98 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Strict separate drainage system will be constructed to minimize the yield of leachate. Besides, vertical penetration proof around the dumpsite will minimize the further diffusion. In addition, the leachate will be collected and back filled onto the old dump zone for treatment. It has been predicted that 22-30 years will be needed for the dumpsite becomes stable, by when the leachate will meet the discharge limit for Category I. Standard closure, which will reduce the emission of foul gas, educt the landfill gas and install burning facility, which are all feasible and effective. After closure, acceptable distance for sulfureted hydrogen and ammonia will be 400m and 100m, respectively. And the width of sanitary protection zone should be 300m. The project itself is an environmental project, with obvious environmental and social benefits. Annual revenue of 2.3 million RMB has been from seedling stock, which can also create some job opportunities, so that the social stability and social security will be benefited as well. In general, the general public near Gucun dumpsite show their support for the project, and will be cooperative for the resettlement. Most interviewees agree with the conclusions of this report, and deem it as feasible from environmental protection point of view. Gucun closure project is totally conformable with the Solid Waste Disposal Development Plan. Minhang As a temporary dumpsite, Minhang Dump site does not meet the Strengthen the requirements for sanitary landfills. To eradicate the pollution of air, environmental water, and fully utilize the land resource and improve the landscaping, management during it has become a pressing task to close and make final use of the construction stage dumpsite. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 99 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT Overall From comparison of the three options, Seedling Stock Base has been Close attention should comment: recommended as it can reduce the impact on environment, and during be paid on the Feasible from the construction process, there will be no significant detrimental effectiveness of environmental impact. The investment required is reasonable comparing with the penetration proof of the protection current socioeconomic conditions site; environmental point of view. monitoring on ground water and surface watercourse should be strengthened. Strict separate drainage system will be constructed to minimize the yield of leachate. Besides, vertical penetration proof around the dumpsite will minimize the further diffusion. In addition, air will be inducted to facilitate the leachate degradation and accelerate the stabilization of the dump. The measures will be feasible and effective. It has been predicted that 15-20 years will be needed for the dumpsite becomes stable, by when the leachate will meet the discharge limit for Category I. Standard closure, which will reduce the emission of foul gas, educt the landfill gas and install burning facility, which are all feasible and effective. After closure, acceptable distance for both sulfureted hydrogen and ammonia will be 100m. And the width of sanitary protection zone should be 300m. The project itself is an environmental project, with obvious environmental and social benefits. Annual revenue of 2.48 million RMB has been from seedling stock, which can also create some job opportunities, conducive to the social stability and social security as well. In general, the general public near Minhang dumpsite show their support for the project, and will be cooperative for the resettlement. Most interviewees agree with the conclusions of this report, and deem it as feasible from environmental protection point of view. Minhang closure project is totally conformable with the Solid Waste Disposal Development Plan. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 100 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT TABLE 41: S UMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED M ITIGATION M EASURES COMMENTS 1 - ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CONSTRUCTION STAGE – Shanghai Solid Waste Project Impacts of land use, Sanlin – No demolition of residential houses, business Farmers: (A) work at a governmental business or Farmer contractors will be warned sufficiently in land acquisition and building or facilities is involved in this project, except for the institutions, (B) governmental subsidiaries (lump sum in advance for them to find alternative jobs. resettlement acquisition of the derelict deep quarrying pit. one time) for relocation, (C) governmental pension for elderly people. See Resettlement Action Plan. The relocation of farmers can improve their quality of life. Residents: (A) Relocation at nearby new town. (B) Construction of their own house on a given piece of land Ensure activities are carried out in pre-construction with funds obtained for compensation. (C) Obtain financial period (Feb to August 2005) in order to cope with compensation for resettlement. project construction schedule. Businesses: (A) Relocation accordingly to the town plan. (B) Financial compensation Actions will be undertaken by Shanghai Solid Waste Disposal Administration Company For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedures follow Chinese regulations and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 and OP 4.20 See Resettlement Action Plan. Chenshan – Land acquisition of the quarry is required Financial compensation for the transfer of land use right Need to confirm the compliance with the planning Gucun – Resettlement of residents close to the dumpsite is Financial compensation for lack of income due to Compensation fees (greater than loss) should be required. disruption of farming activities. planned. See Environmental Impact Assessment. Any need for temporary land outside project sites will involve a procedure of approval by ESD prior to For land acquisition and resettlement, ensure procedures land occupation. follow Chinese regulations and WB Safeguards OP 4.12 and OP 4.20 Minhang – No land acquisition is required for dumpsite Residents to the west need relocation. (See Detail not available from EA; No RAP available closure Environmental Impact Assessment) General impacts from Sanlin, Chenshan, Minhang and Gucun - For the closure Setting up of a strong organization for works Creation of the Environmental and Social construction activities of the dumpsites , high risks of detrimental impacts on environmental supervision and monitoring, with staff and Department inside project’s PMO and of the safety, air, water environment, and noise clear operational procedures for rapid and effective Environmental and Social Unit inside the treatment of non-compliance. Construction Supervision Engineer organization Preparation of detailed environmental and social Environmental and Social field Inspectors provide SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 101 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED M ITIGATION M EASURES COMMENTS specifications for the contractors, to be part of the bidding routine monitoring of activity. documentation. Contractor environmental obligations are part of the contract documentation. Payment procedures for environmental activities of the contractor follow an incentive approach. Impacts from Sanlin – High risk of explosion from landfill gas Detecting methane content prior to excavation. No open Work load should be properly managed to allow for excavation of solid flame on site. Work under favourable weather condition to breaks for breathing fresh air. waste, conveyance, Loading /unloading of solid waste may have impact on air ensure health of construction workers. and back fill (landfill gas and dust) and surface water pollution from spillage. Ensure compliance with the limit levels of noise to minimize the nuisance. Construction of the quay may impact the surface watercourse A detailed construction program, including phasing, proposal for transport route and description of proposed Dust from waste excavation and conveyance may affect safety measures , will be required from the concerned surrounding vegetation and population. contractors prior to start the works. Gucun and Minhang – On site storage and mixing of Appropriate management of earthworks in accordance Most of technical measures described in the construction materials may produce large quantity of with the contractor environmental specifications. This will Chinese regulation “Temporary regulation on dust. include rules for piling, compacting and spraying spoil construction and environmental management of while waiting evacuation or reuse. Temporary storage of construction sites”. Transportation may affect environment along the route by earth piles will drain into sedimentation basin before overloading and bumping. discharge of run-off to the river. The construction agency should comply with the Shanghai Management Method for the flying dust Stock piles should be covered or sprayed with water pollution prevention. when it is windy. Dust pocket to be attached at the bottom outlet of the bulk cement tank to avoid dissipation Sanlin, Chenshan, Gucun and Minhang - Transport of Washing station for trucks leaving construction sites to Strengthen environmental awareness by training of material as earth fill, earth spoil, sand and gravel to or from limit mud transport in city roads, strict obligations constructers site may affect urban areas crossed by the trucks if regarding size of trucks, of load, necessary load cover, appropriate measures not implemented, resulting in serious routes and timing will be imposed to concerned impacts on road traffic, public safety, air quality and noise. contractor. Impact from Sanlin and Chenshan – Excavated waste may contain The EPB should be informed prior to disposal of the Emergency plan / Procedures for handling various hazardous wastes hazardous material. hazardous waste and adequate measures should be scenarios need to be developed and well taken before works continue. communicated to the constructors concerned. Impact from Sanlin, Chenshan, Gucun and Minhang - The The local sanitation bureau should ensure quick collection construction workers construction will involve numerous workers which will of the wastes and construction workers should be made produce sanitary wastes and domestic wastes which may aware of good practice for waste handling. cause sanitation issues. Impact of traffic Chenshan/Laogang - The route of the solid waste The Design institute must carry out a comparative transportation is in suburban area, so the impact is analysis to determine the route for which there is the less regarded as relatively low. impact. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 102 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED M ITIGATION M EASURES COMMENTS The road traffic at the site and in the surroundings may be aggravated by road diversion or lane narrowing. The fluvial traffic may be disrupted. Impacts on air quality Sanlin, Chenshan and Laogang - Impacts concern mainly For Chenshan,: Compliance monitoring to be performed by and noise the excavation, conveyance, loading/unloading, and l Pipe conveyance Contractors, with random controls of EPB. lading/discharging processes.. Fumes and exhaust gas l Ventilation at bottom from trucks and heavy machinery on construction sites may Width of sanitary protection zone should be l Gas induction pipe respected affect air quality, as well as dust from material transport by l Real-time detector for methane, ammonia, trucks and earthworks. sulfureted hydrogen, with alarming instrument Emission of foul gas will occur during loading/unloading. l Relocation and compensation of nearby inhabitants l PPE Specifications regarding operation and maintenance of construction equipment and transport of materials by truck. Sanlin, Chenshan, Gucun and Minghang - Noise from l Enforcement of existing noise standards related to Compliance monitoring to be performed by heavy machinery machinery and working period. Contractors, with random controls of EPB. l Forbidding the use of certain works during night- time. l No landfill operation during 22:00- 6:00 l Silencer to be installed on high noise equipment l Isolation wall to be installed on the side towards inhabitants Sanlin, Chenshan/Laogang - Traffic congestion resulting Adequate transportation timing (forbidden traffic from Use of internet site and poster campaigns to inform from transportation of waste to Chenshan/Laogang may 11.00PM to 6.00AM) and route should be selected to population on work schedule and location will help result in temporary higher levels of pollutants (TSP, NOx, minimize the impact from traffic. reducing traffic disruption or congestion. CO). Construction works should be carried out accordingly with the “Shanghai Dust Pollution Prevention and Control Policy and method” Impacts on water Sanlin and Chenshan - Impact of leachate that may l Before landfill, anti-infiltration effects should be Compliance monitoring to be performed by Co Strict quality discharge in the environment. investigated contractor environmental specifications regarding l Anti-infiltration measures to be taken to avoid the handling, storage or disposal of hazardous Collision of barges or influence of tornado may lead to contamination of groundwater products and of waste produced on the construction waste entering the water course and cause pollution l Safety education of lorry driver sites. l Separate the storm water and wastewater; Pollution hazard may also result from heavy operating waterproof clay to be adopted for earth backing Compliance monitoring of drainage water quality machinery, from storage of potential pollutants as petrol or from sites and enforcement of effluent standards. engine oils, from concrete production, from drainage of Drainage water should be intercepted into a settling tank before discharge into water course or drainage network. Management measures at work site oriented earth stock piles, from inappropriate disposal of used towards prevention of pollution or accidental spill. engine oils and locally generated waste (workshops, labor Intercept the leachate and connected into the sewerage camps). network. Monitoring of river quality upstream and downstream construction sites.ntractors, with random controls of EPB. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 103 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED M ITIGATION M EASURES COMMENTS Gucun – Leachate is the main source of pollution. Long-term track monitoring of surface water bodies and Keep leachate (COD >24000mg/L) sewage ratio groundwater around the dumpsite to keep informed of the under 4%, and leachate (COD=3500mg/L) sewage High content of organics will considerably affect the water contamination condition and take relevant measures ratio under 40% to avoid sludge expansion quality due to the lack of horizontal penetration proof at the Leachate backfill may concentrate the pollutants and Separate the storm water and wastewater; bottom. cause serious pollution of groundwater and the surface waterproof clay to be adopted for earth water system. Therefore, it is recommended to collect the backing leachate and connected into the sewerage network. Due to high COD concentration of the leachate, pretreatment (biotreatment with oxidized pond plus A/O denitrogenation) is required prior to the connection to the sewerage network Minhang - Leachate is the main source of pollution. Long-term track monitoring of surface water bodies and groundwater around the dumpsite to keep informed of the High content of organics will considerably affect the water contamination condition and take relevant measures quality and since the dumpsite is close to several water courses, there is a high risk of pollution. Considering the closeness with several watercourses, it is not enough with simply vertical penetration proof and separate drainage system. Therefore, it is recommended to collect the leachate and connect into the sewerage network., or send to WWTP for treatment. Bio-treatment is required before the leachate can enter the municipal sewerage system leading to WWTP, due to high COD concentration of the leachate. Impact on farming Sanlin - Wind and driving of vehicles in the dumps blow a Minimize disturbance of the structure of the ground during activities great amount of dust and light and thin litters like plastics construction. outside of the dumps. Crops are impacted as farmland around the dump is polluted by these flying litters. Re-instatement of the farmland to its original condition and ensure farming productivity Minhang and Gucun - Uncontrolled drainage water from Construction contractor should have a good knowledge of construction may disperse into farmland and impact the soil topography and drainage system. fertility. Traveling purse net need to be installed to block off the Crops are impacted as farmland around the dump is flying dust and floating litters. polluted by these flying litters SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 104 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED M ITIGATION M EASURES COMMENTS Impacts on public Sanlin, Chenshan, Gucun and Minhang - If Awareness training of all workers on environmental and ESD/ESU assist in training workers on health inappropriately managed, workforce may create relational social issues. environmental basics and justification of mitigation problems with surrounding residents. measures. Strict obligations imposed to the contractor for the If inappropriately managed, labor camps may become the organization and the management of labor force and Contractor requested to have recruitment medical site of epidemic burst out among workers and spread to camps. check for each worker, and medical visit once a surrounding population. Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. Monitoring year. Availability of medicine in case of epidemic of labor camps and of worker health conditions by the will be requested at workers camps (dormitory or If inappropriately managed, the local residents will suffer ESU and Department of Public Health. canteens). from various diseases. Impacts on on-site Sanlin, Chenshan/Laogang , Gucun and Minhang Contractor to prepare a CSEMP for approval. In this plan, Monitoring of construction sites by ESU. public safety Occupational health and accident issues, resulting in contractor will clearly define the safety procedures in case serious wounds or death of workers. of accident on site, ensure that minimum first aid equipment is available on all sites and ensure availability and enforcement to wear PPE (personal protective equipment). Chenshan/Laogang -River transportation will have Correctly designed and tested temporary works structures impacts on life of workforce on board. and operational procedures. On site checks on frequent basis. Chenshan - Access to deep open pit with danger to public Open pit to be severely fenced, especially after working safety hours. Security guard employed to monitor safety issues. Warning sign of falling risk to be posted. Impacts on off-site Increased traffic of trucks on some road sections may Strict clauses imposed to the contractor for the Monitoring by ESFIs. public safety increase risk of traffic accident. implementation of acceptable standards for the safety of residents surrounding construction sites: fencing, For river transportation, increase risk of traffic accident. information to concerned residents, access to roads and buildings, procedure if road accident. Detailed specifications on traffic regulation inside and outside the construction area to be prepared. Impact on public Sanlin, Chenshan/Laogang , Gucun and Minhang - No No mitigation required underground services impact is anticipated on construction sites. Impacts on loss of Sanlin, Chenshan/Laogang , Gucun and Minhang - No No mitigation required As project component, landscaping has been green areas impact is anticipated on construction sites. included in Minhang, Gucun closure. Impacts on cultural Sanlin, Chenshan/Laogang , Gucun and Minhang - No Specific procedures if underground artifacts are identified heritage impact is anticipated on construction sites. Possible during excavation works in coordination with ESU. presence of archaeological or historical artifacts under the future excavations. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 105 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT (T ABLE XX CONTINUED ) FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED M ITIGATION M EASURES COMMENTS 2 - ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH THE OPERATION STAGE – Shanghai Wastewater Project Impact on the quality Sanlin – Relocation of waste from Sanlin dumpsite will No mitigation measure required. of life improve the quality of life and surrounding environment by eradicating the local pollution source and improving the quality of environment such as fresh air and better scenery, as well as regular collection of sorted domestic waste. Gucun and Minhang – Closure of dumpsites will improve the quality of life and surrounding environment by cutting off the connection between the pollution sources and the ambient environment, improving the quality of surface water and air, and facilitating the ecological rehabilitation of the soil Chenshan – If not properly handled, the dumpsite will Ensure the location of Chenshan dumpsite consistent with impose long-term detrimental sanitary impact the local Master Plan Optimize the design of the project Impact on waste Chenshan, Sanlin, Minhang and Gucun - Risk of sludge Proper ratio should be controlled to avoid impact on the water management expansion if leachate is to be transported to theW WTP. operation of WWTP Separate drainage system to be adopted Laogang - The collected leachate treatment facility on site No mitigation required will enable to exert less impact on the WWTP Inhabitant safety Minhang and Gucun – Risk of explosion and fire from the An adequate management of the sewer should be landfill gas will be greatly reduced after the closure. established to ensure the safety of the existing sewer. -Risk of collapsing. Chenshan –Risk of falling as the final surface is 35 m below the ground. - Risk of fire and explosion from the landfill gas Impact on water Gucun, Minhang - Low impact on groundwater and Vertical penetration proof should be constructed as deep Random controls of effluent quality should be quality surface water due to the lack of horizontal penetration proof as reaching the natural horizontal impervious barrier performed by EPB. at the bottom. Vegetation coverage of the dumpsite. Monitoring of water quality in river at discharge point by EPB. Chenshan – No impact on ground water and surface water Ensure no hydraulic connection Chenshan dumpsite and the neighboring surface water body by double checking the geological condition Monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality within the possible affecting area. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 106 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT FIELD POSSIBLE IMPACTS PROPOSED M ITIGATION M EASURES COMMENTS Impact on air quality Chenshan, Gucun and Minhang – Landfill gas will be Odour removal measures should be undertaken. Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by and odors produced on dumpsite for about 15 years from the closure, EPB. which will have odour and fire/explore hazard. Comprehensive utilization of landfill gas The protective sanitary distance (50m) should be Burn off the remaining combustible gas respected. Planting of vegetation which has odour adsorbing Environmental friendly pesticides to be applied; or if properties at the dumpsite. possible, try alternatives that no pesticides are needed, such as patented flycatcher. To reduce the population of mosquitoes and flies: l No exposure of the waste to the open air; l Removal of leachate promptly; l Using pesticides to kill mosquitoes and flies. Impact of noise Chenshan, Sanlin, Gucun and Minhang – No noise l No landfill operation during 22:00- 6:00 Monitoring to be carried out on a random basis by impact is envisaged after the closures. l Silencer to be installed on high noise EPB. equipment l Isolation wall to be installed on the side towards inhabitants Laogang – No additional noise after closure Impact from Chenshan - The accumulation of methane gas within the Inform and train staff of potential risks. accidental risks quarry may reach the explosion limit due to the poor disperse conditions. Routine monitoring of landfill gas should be undertaken Gucun and Minhang - Risk of explosion from methane Training for staff, installation of an automatic control produced from anaerobic degradation. system and strict risk management procedures. Impact on waste Sanlin, Chenshan, Gucun and Minhang - The quantity of The sanitation bureau should collect solid wastes and water and solid waste solid and water waste produced by the staff remain waste water can be re-circulated in the sewer / waste from operation staff relatively small. The impact is considered low if the waste water treatment plant. adequately managed. SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 107 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX A BIBLIOGRAPHY SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 108 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX B SANLIN DUMP CLOSURE PROJECT PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 109 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX C MINHANG D UMP CLOSURE PROJECT – PHOTO PLATES SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 110 J ANUARY 2005  S HANGHAI MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- THE W ORLD BANK SHANGHAI URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY REPORT APPENDIX D GUCUN DUMP CLOSURE PROJECT – PHOTO PLATES SOGREAH –LXA/GDM– 655055.R3.4 – DRAFT PAGE 111 J ANUARY 2005