China - Ningbo Water and Environment Project : environmental assessment - Executive summary : Executive summary

 ATER ENVIRO ESIGN REVIEWAND ADVISORY SERVICES Y A~UARK2005 0.135OOI17-R3-Voiurne1   NINGBOMUNICIPALGOVERNMENT-THEWORLDBANK NINGBOWATERENVIRONMENTPROJECT,DESIGNREVIEWAND ADVISORYSERVICES ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTREPORT EXECUTIVESUMMARY - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY SOGREAH Consultants/SCE hereby acknowledges the local consultants for performing the EA studiesfor both components. The Chinese Research Academy of EnvironmentalSciences has performed the EA study for NingboWater Supply Project. The Beijing Novel Environmental Protection Co. Ltd. has performed the EA study for Cixi Wastewater Project. Backaround Ningbo City is located in the central section of the Chinese coastal mainland on the banks of the East China Sea in northeast Zhejiang Province. Ningbo City is experiencing rapid economic growth, increase in its urban population and requires acceleration in its urbanization. Urban infrastructure, especially the water supply network, is lagging behind demand. Added to this is the aging and increased fragility of the existingwater networks. If water supply is not strengthened,the problems of insufficient water supply in Ningbo City will increase such that quality of life and economic developmentwill be seriously compromised. Cixi City lies northwest to Ningbo City and at the south bank of Hangzhou Bay. According to the Master Planning of Cixi City, the population and industrial output will have increased rapidly by 2020. Simultaneously, sewage and industrial wastewater will have increased and will be discharged untreated into the river and canal system. Serious pollution (class V and worse) of both the inland canal system and of the southern area of Hangzhou Bay will result. Ningbo Municipal Government has resolved to utilize the World Bank loan program to complete "Ningbo Water Environment Construction Project". The planned project aims at improving citizens' water supply and industrial water utilization environment, complete urban infrastructure, improve urban residents' quality of life and meet the demand of rapid urban economic development by increasing clean water and wastewater treatment and improving the quality on inland waters. This project has been listed in the planned optional projects of World Bank loan in 2004-2006 financial years and approved by the State Council. Figure 1 presentsthe general location of the project. Brief Proiect DescriPtion The project objective is to facilitate the expansion of water and wastewater services in the Ningbo metropolitan area and thereby protect public health, improve the environment, and sustain the area's rapid economic growth. The proposed project has two main components: Ningbo Water Supply Project will be implemented by the Ningbo Water Supply Company (NWSC), Cixi Wastewater Project will be implemented by the newly formed Cixi Municipal Sewage Company (CMSC). The details of these components are presented in Table 1. Figure 2 presents the location of NWSP and Figure 3 presents the locationof CWP. The preliminary project cost is 2,547 million RMB (US$307 million), with World Bank financing of approximately 1,359 million RMB (US$164 million). The project cost includes 1,426 million RMB for NWSP, 1,079.6 million RMB for CWP and 41.8 million RMB for Technical Assistance. Project duration is estimated at five years, starting in mid-2005, although as noted below some work will begin in late 2004 (with the potential for retroactivefinancing). SOGREAH -JCA - 1350117 R3.1- FINAL PAGEI JANUARY 2005  NINGBO MUNICIPALGOVERNMENT-WORLD BANK THE NINGBOWATERENVIRONMENT SERVICES ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTREPORT-EXECUTIVESUMMARY PROJECT,DESIGNREVIEWAND ADVISORY TABLE1:COMPOSITIONOF PROJECT COMPONENTS Project name Components Contents of the project Remarks Raw water A 500,000m3/dcapacitywater intake tower intake and is provided in Jiaokou reservoir. 9.58km Water flows by gravity transmission long tunnel connects to Maojiaping water from water works to urban ring main and ZhougongzhaiCity Ningbo tunnel treatment works. villages and towns in ~ A 500,000m3/d capacity water treatment Yinxi region. and ReservoirJioakou treatment Water works is built in Maojiaping. The WTW Water occupies a land of 140.3mu (9.35ha) Diversion and works including 20mu reserved for advanced Spur water mains to Urban Water treatment. villages and towns in Supply Ring Yinxi regionare Network Project Two transmission mains totalling 36.9km Trunk mains length outgoing clean water from planned under a and ring mainurban pipe network. Urbanwater ring main has a Maojiapingwn/vto mainwater distribution separate contract. Total supply total length of 46.7km. 150,000m3/d. Northern A 100,000m3/~wastewater treatment plant The eastern WWTP WWTP is providedin the northernpart of Cixi city. will increase to ~ Eastern A 50,000m3/dwastewater treatment plant I00,000m3~~2020, in WWTP is provided in the eastern part of Cixi city. the northern WWTP Cixi City Urban will increase2020,to Wastewater A sewage collection network is provided in Treatment Phase part of downtown and every central district 320,000m3/dincurrent and I Project Sewage of town. It includes the main trunk sewers Jiaochangshan collection (93.13km), the sewage pump stations of WWTP increase to network the main trunk (15 sets), the key pipelines 45,000m3/d in 2010. in towns (133km) and the town sewage This part of work is pump stations (42 sets). not included in this project. Alternative options for a number of project components have been studied during the design period and throughout this EA. These have included the raw water intake, raw water distribution routes, WTW locations, treated water trunk main routes for NWSP. Similarly for CWP, options for WWTP locations, sewage pipeline system routes, sewage treatment processes, WWTP effluent outlets and sludge treatments have also been studied. Baseline Environmental Description Baseline situations are described in detail for each project area presenting all the main considerations related to this project: geography, climate, rivers, reservoirs, canals network, ocean, natural wetlands, air quality, acoustic quality, terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity, social settings, land use, etc. When needed, monitoring and baseline survey were performed to collect more detailed data on water quality, air quality, acoustic quality, etc. In Ningbo, the designed water supply capacity of water works can no longer meet the need of water consumption; the overloaded operation of water works has affected water supply security and quality and increased the difficulty of management and supply. According to Ningbo city master plan and in order to respond to the increasing water demand in the city, the water supply capacity of Ningbo should increase to 2,000,000m3/d by 2006, 2,600,000m3/d by 2010 and 3,000,000m3/d by 2020. These objectives will be reached by implementing this project and several similar projects, such as Dongqian lake waterworks, Beilun water works phase 2, etc. S O G R E A H - J C A - ~ ~ ~R3.1I I-FINAL O ~ PAGEII JANUARY2005  NINGBOMUNICIPALGOVERNMENT-THEWORLDBANK NINGBOWATER ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTREPORT-EXECUTIVESUMMARY PROJECT,DESIGNREVIEWAND ADVISORYSERVICES In Cixi city, the majority of domestic and industrial sewage is discharged untreated directly into the rivers and canal network causing serious pollution. By 2000, three municipal sewage systems and one W P (with a 45,000m3/dcapacity) have been built and operated successfully. In addition a canal improvement scheme and a river diversion program are being implemented in order to increase the canal water storage, enhance the water mobility and improve the water quality. The implementation of this project should respond to the increase of sewage production and after the completion of the Phase 2 work in 2020 the treatment ratio should approach 100%. PotentialEnvironmentalImpactsand their MitiaationMeasures The project as a whole is substantially .beneficialin environmentalterms, with the positive impacts greatly outweightingthe negative impacts. This project brings general benefits to the citizens of the project cities by improving their quality of life. The main benefits are the increase of water supply quantity and quality in Ningbo and the enhancement of water quality in Cixi canals network. Nevertheless some negative impacts have been identified in the EA process for all components, and mitigation measureshave been recommended. With respect to identified land acquisition and social impacts, resettlementand compensation plans have been prepared and are covered in separate Resettlement Action Plans for Ningbo Water Supply Project and for Cixi Wastewater Project. However, major impacts due to projects location have been taken into account in the A. Potential construction phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. These construction impacts have been studied in order to cover all the subjects involved in the two projects (see Table 4 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and Table 5 for Cixi Wastewater Project). The key environmentalissues are: ImPacts from earthwork and wail Production, handlina and diseosal: During construction works, a large quantity of earthwork will be produced (mainly for the transmission tunnel of the Ningbo Water Supply Project and the sewage pipeline system of the Cixi Wastewater Project). The impacts are considered minor because the majority will be reused for backfill or used for urban construction in the city and the remaining spoil will be disposed in sites specifically design for the project. A detailed construction program, including phasing, proposal for transport route and description of proposed disposal sites, will be required from the concerned contractors prior to start the works. ImDacts on noise level from construction machineries: During construction works, noise from heavy machineries will be emitted and could affect the nearby environment, particularly in urban areas (mainly construction of treated water trunk mains and urban ring main of the Ningbo Water Supply Project and construction of sewage pipelines and pump stations of the Cixi Wastewater Project). The analysis of these impacts shows that they could be reduced by strengthening management of the works and following specific requirementssuch as: working period, low-noise equipments,temporary fences, etc. Impacts on water aualitv from construction wastewater and domestic sewaae: During construction period, construction wastewater and domestic sewage generated by the construction staff are the main pollution sources for the water bodies (reservoirs, rivers). The risk applies to all construction sites, but is obviously more significant in the water intake site due to the vicinity of Jiaokou reservoir and in the pipelines construction when it crosses a river. To reduce or avoid the impacts on water quality, construction wastewater will be reused as much as possible on site, and effluents will be discharged after treatment only when the standards are respected. Monitoring will be performed on effluents and rivers (upstream and downstream construction sites) to confirm the absence of impact. Specifically for Jiaokou reservoir, watstewater generated during construction of the water intakewill be recovered and not discharged intothe reservoir. S O G R E A H - J C A - I ~ ~ O I-FINAL~ ~ I ~ R PAGEIll JANUARY2005  NINGBOMUNICIPALGOVERNMENT-THEWORLDBANK NINGBOWATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT, DESIGNREVIEWAND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTREPORT- EXECUTIVESUMMARY Potential operational phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. Many of the concerns have been addressed in the course of the design of the water supply and wastewater components. These operational impacts have been studied in order to cover all the subjects involved in the two projects (see Table 4 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and Table 5 for Cixi Wastewater Project). The key environmentalissues are: ImDacts on downstream river of Jiaokou reservoir due to diversion of water (aualitv and auantitv): .Due to the diversion of 500,000m3/dfrom Jiaokou reservoir, a water balance is calculated using 40 years hydraulic data with a conservative projected water demand of 2020 (including agricultural irrigation water, water for livestock husbandry, other water needs and supplementary flow to canal system). The analysis shows that, with joint regulation of Zhougongzhai and Jiaokou reservoirs,water demand for downstream Jiaokou reservoir can be guaranteed. In addition, a minimum release flow could be defined (0.9m3/s,i.e. 10% of average inflow to Jiaokou reservoir) in order to satisfy the ecological and environmental water demand of downstream river without causing significant impact (given the fact that there is no rare aquatic species, migratory fish, spawning site and fishery resources of economicscale). The analysis at this stage is appropriate, however, as environmental flow assessment is a complex issue and a comprehensive study is needed (which will optimize the operation of Jiaokou reservoir), a further study could be conducted during implementation stage of the project. -The ImDacts on water aualitv of Jiaokou reservoir (and Zhouaonazhai reservoir) and dowstream river: fact that Jiaokou reservoirwill, after the project construction, be mostly dedicated to the water supply of Ningbo City makes it necessaryto improve the protection of Jiaokou watershed. In this aim, Ningbo City Water Environmental Control Leading Group has compiled the "CountermeasureStudy for Ningbo City Water Environmental Control", which proposes the definite protection measures for drinking water head site in Ningbo city. Since the beginning of 2004, the city has invested a special fund to implement protection project for the water head site of the four major drinking water source reservoirs including Jiaokou reservoir. The protection measures for drinking water of Ningbo City include monitoring network, solid waste disposal, wastewater treatment, tailored aqua-cultural development, soil erosion control and resettlement. ImDacts on water aualitv in Cixi's canals network and marine environment: According to modelling performed for various scenarios, the water quality of the whole canals network will be improved both long-term and short-term. However, a moderate deterioration of water quality will be caused near the discharge points of the two W P s but this consequence is considered acceptable. To optimize the final design, modelling analyse different discharge point options and recommend a multi-point discharge option for the Northern WWTP and an unique discharge point between two sluice gates for the Eastern W P (further study will confirm that point). A standardized management of discharge points should be carried out according to the requirements of routine supervision and managementto facilitate sampling measuring and monitoring. For impact on marine environment, modelling was performed for conservative scenarios and concluded that the mixing zone during discharge time is kept within 2km offshore which is in compliance with national ocean function zoning requirement. The maximum size of areas that are affected by the discharge will be at the mean high moment of a neap tide, 3,61km2for the Northern WWTP and 0,56km2for the Eastern W P , but for comparison, at mean neap tide level, the size of the areas decrease to 3,85m2for Northern W P and 0,46m2 for Eastern W P . Actually, the opening of sluice gates are normally opened during flood season in a non-continuousway and the affected areas will be less. lmoacts on Cixi's natural wetlands: Preliminary prediction results of the seawater quality indicate that the affected areas are relatively small compared with the vast sea areas. Moreover, the sluice gates are not close to the center of the natural wetland and the nearby sea areas are not used for aquaculture production. Therefore, the biodiversity of the wetlands will not be affected. ______ S O G R E A H - J C A - I ~ ~R3I 1I ~-FINAL O PAGEIV JANUARY2005  NINGBOMUNICIPALGOVERNMENT- WORLD BANK THE NINGBO WATERENVIRONMENT PROJECT,DESIGN REVIEWAND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTREPORT EXECUTIVESUMMARY - ImDacts on noise levels (around W.WWTPs and Dump stations): Main noise sources are sewage lift pumps, air compressors and sewage pumps. The two Cixi's WWTPs will not have substantial impacts on the surrounding acoustic environment. With the noise insulation effect of pump station building, noise level at pumping station boundary can satisfy the corresponding noise standard, particularly in town area (west I#, central I#, central 2# and east I# stations). Noise from heavy machinery in the Maojiaping pump VVTW will have negligible impact because there is no residentialarea around it. ImDacts on air aualitv from Cixi's WWTPs emissions (odours): Odorous pollutants will be produced in WWTPs by the biological treatment tank and sludge tank. The air concentrations modelized at plant boundaries and sensitive points meet the standard requirement. Impacts of sludae Droduced by W P s : Sludge produced in the Eastern and Northern WWTPs will be treated using mechanical condensation and dehydration methods. Still, a total of 50,000m3of sludge (with 78% water content) will be generated and disposed in landfill specially designed (with leachatetreatment). Impacts on existina and Dlanned wastewater treatment caDacitv in Ninabo: After completion of the project, generated wastewater after water utilization in Ningbo city will increase because of the increase of the water supply. But according to planning, wastewater treatment plants are planned for construction and the wastewater treatment capacity will be sufficient (reaching 100% in 2020). An ongoing World Bank project in this province, called Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, also seems to upgrade the environmental conditions by improvement of Wastewater Treatment Plants and sewerage systems in Ningbo area. New wastewater treatment plants are planned as follows: Zhenhai Houtaitang WWTP (30,000m3/d), Ningbo Jiangdongnan WWTP (160,000m3/d) and Dongqian lake WVVTP (30,000m3/d). When needed, appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended togething monitoring with to ensure that mitigation measures are effectively implemented. The Environmental Management Plan outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measuresto be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or control adverse environmental impacts, and the actions neededto implementthese measures. A summary of impacts and mitigation measures is given in Table 4 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and in Table 5 for Cixi Wastewater Project. S O G R E A H - J C A - I ~ ~ O -FINAL~ I I ~ ~ R PAGEV JANUARY2005  NINGBOMUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT- WORLDBANK THE NINGBOWATER ENVIRONMENT PROJECT,DESIGNREVIEWAND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Public Consultation and lnformation Disclosure According to China environmental protection laws and regulations, management rules and World Bank environmental assessment policy (OP4.01), public participation process was carried out during Environmental Assessment to involve the people directly or indirectly related to this project. Public consultation for both components includes questionnaires and several rounds of public meetings from January to October 2004. The public expressed their strong interest about this project which can increase their quality of life. The potential adverse effects raised during the consultation process were fully answered and have also been taken into account within this EA such that outcome may be considered as satisfactory. A summary of public consultation and information disclosure is given in Table 2 for Ningbo Water Supply Project and in Table 3 for Cixi Wastewater Project. TABLE2: PUBLICCONSULTATION8 INFORMATIONDISCLOSURE THE WATER SUPPLY COMPONENT FOR ACTIVITY BYWHOM WITHWHOM WHEN WORLDBANK WHERE REQUIREMENTS Public consultation Ningbo Environment Govemment March to May city OD 4.30 and O f (Draft questionnaires) Science lnstitute agencies 2004 NingboYinzhou and 4.01 Villageleaders distriuct Farmers Workers Teachers Businessmen lnformation Disclosure Ningbo Environment lnformation place Others June 2004 NEfSRDl Of4.01 (EA Draft Report) Science lnstitute in Yinjiang town, Meixi villaae and Ningbo ci$ Public consultation Ningbo Environment Govemment June to August Ningbo city OD 4.30 and OP (Revised lnstitute officers 2004 and Yinzhou 4.01 questionnaires) Villageleaders distriuct Farmers Workers Teachers Businessmen Others Public Meeting Yinzhou Construction August 2004 Yinzhoudistrict Agency Ningbo Water Supply Company lnformation Disclosure Ningbo Environment lnformation place September2004 Baoyugang O f4.01 (EA Revised Report) Science lnstitute in "Ningbo Daily" library NEPSRDl lnternet Public Meeting Ningbo Water Supply October2004 Yinzhoudistrict Company SOGREAH-JCA- 1350117.R3.1-FINAL PAGEVI JANUARY2005  NINGBOMUNICIPALGOVERNMENT- WORLDBANK THE NINGBO WATER ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTREPORT- EXECUTIVESUMMARY PROJECT, DESIGNREVIEWAND ADVISORY SERVICES TABLE3: PUBLIC CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE FORTHEWASTEWATER COMPONENT ACTIVITY BYWHOM WITH WHOM WHEN WORLDBANK WHERE REQUIREMENTS lnterviews with Beiiins Novel Specialistsof Januaty to April Specialists specialists EniirGnmental water 2004 ofices Protection Co. Ltd. conservancy, marine,planning, sewage treatment, agriculture and environmental sanitation. Public consultation Beijing Novel Public to be January to April Cixi city OD 4.30 and OP (Istround Environmental affected 2004 4 01 questionnaires) Protection Co.Ltd. Cixi drainage Company lnterviews with Beijing Novel Specialists of September lsr Specialists specialists Environmental water 2004 offices Protection Co. Ltd. conservancy, marine aauaculture and agriculture. Public consultation Beijing Novel Public to be September2004 Sanbei, Fanshi OD 4.30 and OP (Ydround En&&mental affected near the and 4.01 questionnaires) Profecfion Co. Ltd. WWTPand the Chongshou Cixi drainage sensitivepoints towns Company Public Meeting Beijing Novel Croppingfarmers September 3" Sanbei, Fanshi Environmental in Sanbei town 2004 and Protection Co. Ltd. Fishing farmers in Chongshou Cixi drainage Sanbei town towns Company Croppingfarmers in Chongshou town Public consultation (Ydround Beijing Novel Public to be September 2Tn Sanbei, OD 4.30 and OP Environmental affected near the and 2gh2004 Xiaolin, 4.01 questionnaires) Protection Co. Ltd. W P and the Chongshou, Cixi drainage sensitivepoints Xinpu, Kandun Company Public Meetings Beijing Novel Residents living September 2f" Classroomof Environmental within loom from and 2gh2004 Chonsshou Protection Co. Ltd. the sound seconbary Cixi drainage sensitivepoints school, Sanbei Company during the secondary construction school and period and Xiaolin people to be secondary affected by land school acauisition and resettlement Site interviews Beijing Novel Residents living September 2 f n Sanbei town, Environmental within loom from and 2gh2004 Xiaolin town, Protection Co. Ltd. the sensitive Kandun Cixi drainage Dump stations . . Company lnformation Disclosure Beiiins Novel lnformation place Octoberand WE project . . OP4.01 (EA Final Report) Eniirinmental in "Cixi Daily and November 2004 ofice Protection Co. Ltd. Government web Cixi site construction Bureau Internet S O G R E A H - J C A - I ~ ~R3I I1~-FINAL O PAGEVI1 JANUARY2005  L 0 EE  u- a Lc 0 - e! L 3 C  0 in N 0 5 > K v) w 3 9" a 7 P m C E2 1 i L .-m ._ 3 2 C 0 8 5n Q C  P 9L u ._3 e! U 2 sI2s 'a .-m L E z0 .-P e c I m -  L 2-   5 v) W 9" 3 u) ._C c 0 1 L C 8 L 0 .-m ._ 3 8C .-0 .-P 4Q C  n% ._ m nI E$ m P 1 L P I U ._ P e C u- B I -E  NINGBOMUNICIPALGOVERNMENT-THEWORLDBANK NINGBOWATER ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTALASSESSMENTREPORT- EXECUTIVESUMMARY PROJECT, DESIGNREVIEWAND ADVISORY SERVICES FIGURE1: LOCATIONTHE PROJECTCOMPONENTS OF S O G R E A H - J C A - I ~ ~R3I1I ~-FINAL O PAGEXVI JANUARU2005