China - Fuzhou Urban Transport Project : environmental assessment summary

32480 FuzhouWorld BankFinancedProject NanjiangBinlu, Phase-I1of Third RingRoad,KuiqiBridgeand Jinshan Depot ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT EXECUTIVESUMMARY Constructor:FuzhouUrbanUtilityDevelopment and ConstructionCompany Author: Guangzhou ResearchInstituteofEnvironmentalProtection March 2005   Constructor: Fuzhou Urban UtilityDevelopment and Construction Company Compiler: GuangzhouResearchInstitute of EnvironmentalProtection Legalperson: Luo Jiahai Institute's technical chief:Cui Xia Environment assessmentproject chief:Xu Guanpu 0 Name Title Env.ass. post Responsibilities certificate No. General provisions, project Xu Guanfu Senior engineer No.A28020052 analysis, ecologic environmental impact assessment Wang Weide I Senior engineer No.A28020024 Current noise environment and impact, noise treatment measures Alternative plan, profit and loss LuYan Assistant engineer No.A28020058 analysis o f environmental economy, relocation and resettlement Current water environment and Peng Lin Engineer No.A28020044 impact, risk evaluation, treatment measures o f water pollution Current environmental air and Wang Junbo Engineer impact, treatment measures of atmosphere, cultural property assessment Cui Xia Professor-level senior engineer No.A28020003 He Liangwan Senior engineer No.A28020025  List of Abbreviations 3 w s ThirdRingRoad/South BOD Biological Oxygen Demands co Carbon Monoxide COD Chemical Oxygen Demands dB(A) Decibel (Acoustic) DO Dissolved Oxygen EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan FBSRI FuzhouBuildingSciences Research Institute GERI Guangzhou Environmental Research Institute GIS Geographic Information System GPS Global Positioning System MIS Computerized Management Information System N H 3-N Ammonia Nitrogen NJBL Nan Jiang BinLu, a project component road NO2 NitrogenDioxide OP (World Bank) Operational Policies PH Acidity unit NMHC None Methane Hydrocarbon PMIO Particulate Matter smaller than 10 microns PMO (Fuzhou) Project Management Office PRC The People's Republic of China SEPA: State Environmental Protection Administration ss Suspended Solids TOR: Terms o f Reference  Content 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 BASISOFTHEEA ............................................................................................................................. 2 2. PROJECTDESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................. 3 3. BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................. 3 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................................... 8 5. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ....................................................................................................... 10 5.1 ...................................................................................... 10 5.2 .................................................................................. 10 5.3 AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................................................. 11 5.4 WATERENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................. 12 5.5 ECOSYSTEM ................................................................................................................................... 13 5.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT ............................................................................................................. 13 5.7 RESETTLEMENTRELOCATION ................................................................................................ AND 14 14 6.5.8MITIGATION..................................................................................................................................... SAFEGUARDS POLICIESASSURANCE .............................................................................................. 15 6.1 DESIGNPHASE............................................................................................................................... 15 6.2 CONSTRUCTIONPHASE.................................................................................................................. 17 6.3 OPERATIONPHASE......................................................................................................................... 19 7. PUBLIC TRANSPORT ...................................................................................................................... 21 7.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND AREABASELINE AND ............................................................................... 21 7.2 IMPACTS ......................................................................................................................................... 2 1 7.3 MITIGATION ................................................................................................................................... 23 8. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................ 24 8.1 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................. 8.2 MANAGEMENTSUPERVISION AND ORGANIZATIONS................................ 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING .................................... .................................................... 24 8.4 INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING AND TRAINING ........... 8.5 ESTIMATEDCOST FORENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMEN 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ............................................ 26 10. CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................................................. 29   1. Introduction This document is the Executive Summary of Environmental Assessment (EA) for the partially World Bank financed Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development Project (the Project) which consists o f new roads to be constructed on green field, upgrading of existing urban roads, public transport (including bus depot construction) and technical assistance in the provincial capital o f Fuzhou, Fujian province, P.R.China (PRC). The document provides a general summary of the findings from the Project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for both the road/bridge and bus depot components, including legal and policy framework and applicable environmental standards, environmental baseline, major potential adverse impacts to the physical, ecological and socio-economic environments in the Project area, analysis o f alternatives, mitigation measures, public consultation programs, and environmental management plan for the Project. This Executive Summary could serve as a concise Project environmental report to environmental administrators, decision-makers, project-affected groups, non-government organizations (NGOs), the general public and other stakeholders, as well as to the Executive Directors o f the World Bank Board. 1.1 ProjectBackground Along with other major urban centers in China, Fuzhou has been experiencing a continued rapid economic development and urban expansion over the past 20 years. This has been accompanied, particularly over the last few years, an unprecedented growth of motorization. It i s expected that in about 2005, the city's motor vehicle fleet will reach a size o f over 100,000 units in the urban area alone. At the same, as a regional translation hub the city has been also seeing a rapid growth o f passing through motor vehicle traffic along the coast and entering into the interior, which has been utilizing the already highly congested urban roads. At the same time, the urban transportation system has lagged behind the overall economic development and motorization pace, impeding sustained development and improvement o f standard o f living for its residents. In particular, infrastructure such as road development in the Nantai Island, a peri-urban area south of MinJiang Riverhas been slow, seriously affecting the overall peri-urban development, as well as Fuzhou integrated urban transportation system and overall environmental quality o f the city area. The proposed Project, to be partially financed by a World Bank loan, represents a major effort in alleviating transportation congestion in the urban center by providing access for through traffic at peri-urban area, improving the city transport system, and stimulating the overall economic and urban development in this peri-urban area o f the city. Duringthe project preparation, Guangzhou Environmental Research Institute (GERI, or the EA team), was retained to prepare project EA. The EA team has been working concurrently with the independently engaged project feasibility study and engineering team, contributing to project design and alternatives selection from the environmental perspective during the project preparation. For the EA itself, a terms o f reference (TOR) was prepared in September 2004 and on November 2004 the TOR was reviewed by an expert panel and revised TOR was approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) in January 2005. The first draft Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report was prepared in November 2004 which was pre-appraised by the World Bank. After revision accordingly to the Bank's pre-appraisal comments, the revised draft of EIA, together with Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and EA Summary (this document) are complete in January 2005 and submitted to the SEPA for EA Executive Summaiy 1 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  its final review and approval, and to the Bank for its appraisal, which was conducted in March 2005. All EA documents were revised again based on the comments from the World Bank appraisal mission and final reports were submittedto the Bank for safeguard clearance by the end o f March 2005. The Project i s classified as a Category A project since it involves massive infrastructure construction on green field in the rural as well as built-up field in peri-urban areas. The construction and operations o f the Project roads would result in increased noise, motor vehicle air emission, discharges to the rivers, disturbance to the ecosystem, visual impacts and resettlement of urban and rural residents. 1.2 Basis of the EA Relevant regulatory, policy and administrative requirements for environmental assessment of development projects in China, both at state and municipal levels, were followed during the preparation and evaluation o f environmental assessment, as were the Bank's ten safeguard policies. Major laws and regulations applied in the EA are as follows: Laws o f Environmental Protection o f the PRC o f December 26, 1989; Law o f Air Pollution Control o f the PRC o f September 1,2000; Law o f Water PollutionControl o f the PRC o f May 15, 1996; Law o f Environmental Noise PollutionControl o f the PRC o f March 1, 1997; Law o f Cultural Property Protection o f the PRC o f October 28, 2002; FujianEnvironmentalProtectionRegulations of2002; Management Regulations on Environmental Protection for Construction Projects of November 18, 1998; e Circulation on Strengthening EIA for Construction Projects Receiving Intemational Financing o f 1993; Technical Specifications for Environmental Impact Assessment; and Various applicable regulatory standards for air, water, noise, and electromagnetic fields. Of the ten World Bank safeguard policies, Environments Assessment (OP/BP/GP4.0l), Involuntary Resettlement (OD4.30), Cultural Property (OP4.1l), Natural Habitats and (OP/BP4.04) are applied in the EA first as a screening and, where triggered, included in the full assessment. Since there are no project components that would involve forest, pest control chemicals, indigenous people, international waterways, dams or construction in disputedareas as defined under the World Bank's OP7.60, safeguard policies related to these subjects are not applied inthe EA.Relevant international environmental agreements inwhich China is a signingparty have also been includedwhere applicable as a basis for the EA. The EA also makes the reference to various project preparation documents, including project proposal, feasibility study reports for various project components, as well as Plan (1995-20lo), Fuzhou City Environmental Master Plan o f September 2001 and expert opinions and review comments for the EA TOR. Fuzhou's Master Development Fuzhou Nantai Island Development Plan o f September 2000 have also been the basis for the EA. EA Executive Summary 2 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  2. Project Description The Project is locatedmostly inthe peri-urban area south of the Fuzhou city core. Project components will include large scale physical works as well as improvement and upgrading o f relevant management systems. According to the common characteristics of various components, the project may be divided into three categories: road infrastructure development, public transport component, and technical assistance to implementation and institutional development. A summary description o f the contents o f Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development Project i s shown in Table 2-1, their locations on Figure 1-1 and a more detailed description for each of the components are provided in the EIA report. Table 2-1 FuzhouNantaiIslandPeri-UrbanDevelopmentProject Components cost (US,million) 5.23 kmtotal length NanJiang Bin Lu(NJBL) road 40mwide mostly upgrading and widening of Road existing road along Minriver bank Infrastructure 12.47 kmtotal length 249.8 development 3rdRing RoadSouth ( 3 W S ) 50-100 mwide mostly new construction on green field KuiqiBridge 1100 mlong 36mwide 186.3 mu total and 65.1 mu Phase I Busdepot 300 bus units total and 200 inPhase I maintenance and repair facility reheling facility Public transport GPS-based vehicle location system Component Dispatch Center GIs-based database 21.6 Computerized management information system (MIS) BusPriority bus priority lanes in major transport corridors Support for Investment Framework - Master Plan Technical Support for Sustainable Management o f Fuzhou's Urban Development- Assistance to Strategic Planning Implementation Support for implementation of investments - Construction Supervision 3.1 and institutional Ensuringeconomic sustainability of investments -Road Maintenance development Support for equity inservice provision - P T operational Support for financial sustainability o f investments - Financial Planning. 274.5 3. Baseline Environment Physical Setting Fuzhou City is situated along the China's east coast while Nantai Island i s in the south part o f the city, with Min River split around the island and a total area o f 142 km2.The terrain o f the island i s partial plain with low hills o f up to 202 m above the sea mostly on northwest and middle part o f the island. Fuzhou belongs to humid sub-tropical monsoon region with abundant precipitation and mild climate. The average annual temperature i s 19.6"C, and average annual precipitation from 1000-1500 mm, concentratedmostly inthe EA Executive Summary 3 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  months o f May through September. The predominant wind direction on a yearly basis i s southeast in June through August and south in the summer and west inthe winter. One o f the major characteristics in terrain of the Fuzhou area i s its abundant surface water resources. Most o f the hilly areas i s woodland or bushes while the plain, fruit garden and vegetable fields. As a peri-urban area, there are some urban built-upareas along the north bank o f Minriver along the existing NJBL road. Air Quality Air quality in the project area was monitored during the EA. The monitoring program included five monitoring points along both the NJBL and 3 W S alignment with the considerations for sensitive receptors, dominant wind direction and relevance to the potentially impacted areas. These air quality data, collected in December 2003 in five consecutive days, represent the air quality baseline of the project area. Inaddition, one of Fuzhou's routine air quality monitoring stations, the Yantaishan station, i s also located close to NJBL area and its data i s also used to demonstrate baseline air quality in the project area. These air quality data are presented inTable 3-1. Table3-1 Ambient Air QualityMonitoringResultsfor the ProjectArea (hourly average, m o m 3 ) *daily average The above results show that monitored CO concentration were all below to well below the highest standard, Class Istandard although the applicable standard for the area i s Class 11. The monitoring results for NO2was mixed with some data complied with the Class Istandard (0.12 mg/Nm3)while others exceeded it, although all data met the Class I1standard (0.24 mg/Nm3).The area where the standard was exceeded was basically Jiangbian Primary School and the main source o f exceeded NO2was from the traffic outside the school on the existing NJBL. Baseline PMlo mostly exceeded Class Iand some even exceeded Class I1standards (0.05 and 0.15 mg/Nm3,respectively), some very seriously. The main reason for the elevated PMlo was mainly the traffic and other human activities includingsport activities at the schools. The several months drought proceeding to the monitoringalso contributed to the highPMloresults. Noise Baseline and Sensitive Receptors Along the project roads and within the impacted areas, a total o f 23 sites along the three road components and two near the bus depot (discussed in greater detail in Section 7 o f this document) have been identified during EA field investigation as sensitive or otherwise vulnerable to negative changes in the surrounding environment, such as air pollution, increased noise, construction dust, in water construction, and other project construction and operation activities. These sensitive receptors include 17 urban, peri- ~~~ EA Executive Summary ~ 4 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  urban or rural residential housing developments or zones, two schools, three cultural properties and one water supply plant. These sensitive receptors are located about zero (passing through) to 47 m from the red line (proposed road boundary) to the nearest points inthese sensitive receptors. To understand the noise baseline, a monitoring program was conducted covering representative sensitive receptors. The results from the monitoring program for the most sensitive receptors (a total o f 26 schools, hospitals and kindergarten) along project roads are presented inTable 3-2. Table 3-2 Existing Noise Level at Key Sensitive Receptors along Project Roads Distance to Noise monitoring No. Name of sensitive results receptor Location road red line (m) (dB(A)) D a y I Night 1 Yangqi primary school 3.5 51.6-52.3 42.3-42.5 2 Yangxia village 3 51.8-52.1 42.2-42.6 3 Wushan primary school I 1 I46.0-47.1 I 42.1-42.4 I 5171 4 Pukuxiazhouvillage 3 w s 15 51.2-52.6 42.8-43.2 I 5 IFuiianInformationCollege I 23 54.3-56.8 42.7-43.0 6 Duyuanvillage 6 55.7-57.6 42.5-42.7 7 Linpuprimary school 8 51.3-51.8 42.8-43.2 Puxiavillage 54.9-55.2 42.3-42.5 Fanchuanpu Cathedral 53.8-54.3 41.8-42.0 NJBLroad 57.6-57.9 45.6-46.7 Yinghua English school 71 58.6-64.0 45.8-46.9 12 Residentialarea 3.8 67.2-67.8 47.7-48.8 The above noise monitoringresults show that noise along the proposed 3RR/S alignment mostly met or near Class Inoise standards (55 dB(A) for day time and 45 dB(A) for night). There is no major road or other major noise sources in these undeveloped and most rural areas which is the primary reason for the high acoustic environmental quality. Along the NJBL road areas, baseline noise in most areas are between Classes I11and IV although some o f the areas such as the cathedral, the acoustic baseline enjoys a high quality (meeting Class I). i s most o f the monitored areas are near the existing NJBL This where there was traffic contributing the relatively high noise levels in the areas. Where the NJBL has not extended such as the cathedral, there is virtually no major noise source and area has very low noise level, as confirmed by the monitoring results. Ingeneral, as a peri-urban district, the baseline noise in the project impacted area i s relatively low compared with typical urban built area areas. Surface Water Fuzhou, including the Nantai Island, has abundant water resources. Besides the landmark MinRiverwhose northbranch dividesthe city proper with the peri-urban area ofNantai, NJBLroad crosses seven rivers and creeks while the proposed 3 W S , four, all of which are tributaries of, and discharged eventually to, MinRiver. EA Executive Summaly 5 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  Surface water quality from Min River (two cross sections) and all 11 affected tributaries were monitored during the EA for pH, COD, BOD, DO, SS, petroleum oil, NH3-Nand lead. The results, as shown in Table 3-3, indicate that Min river quality met its quality standards, while all tributaries exceeded Category V standard for NH3-N. Most crossed by NJBL and some by 3 W S also exceeded COD/BOD standards. The primary reason of the poor water quality in these tributaries i s municipal discharges and agricultural runoff coupled with limited dilution and assimilative capacity. Table 3-3 SurfaceWater Quality Standard Compliance Status Water body Applicable Main functions Parameters Standard exceeding habitats NJBLcrossed rivers V Drainage, receiving water, NH3-N,DO(half), flood discharge COD/BOD (most) 3 W S crossed rivers V Drainage, receiving water, NH3-N flood discharge Ecosystem A t the Min river estuary from the city area all the way to the East China Sea including Nantai Island, there are numerous wetland areas with diversified biomass. Among the ninewetland areas, Puxiazhouwetland is locatedmost close to Nantai Island andthus the project area, in particular the NJBL and Kuiqi bridge. Based on observations and study reports by Fuzhou Planning Bureau and Fujian Normal University, the wetland areas have a total o f 118 species of birds, including 72 species o f winter migrating birds which arrive from the north in October and leave in April next year, 12 species of summer migratingbirds which arrive inMarch from the south and leave in October, and 9 species o f transit migrating birds which in September and again March each year stop over briefly at the wetland on their migrating journeys. In addition, there are 19 species of resident birds staying at the wetland year round. The largest population, up to 10,000 per flock, may be found in goose and willet. In addition, various species o f aigrette can be several thousands per flock. Among the birds, there are 12 which belong to state Class I1protected species but none o f these are observed in Puxiazhou wetland. Among the more commonly found species Puxiazhou, there are three provincial level protected species, including Podiceps ruficollis poggei, Ardea cinerea, and Egretta garzetta garzetta commonly observed in Puxiazhou wetland. In addition, Puxiazhou wetland often observes five species o f migrating birds among the 81 protected species in a Sino-Australian migrating birds protection agreement of October 1986. These are Nycticorax, Anas creacca, Anas poecilorhyncha zonorhyncha, Tringa nebularia and Tringa nebularia. The wetland areas have a total of 946 species of plants. The most common plant groups in Puxiazhou wetland include Cyperus malacceusis var brevifollius, Salix babylongica, and Dendrocalampsis okdhami forms. The wetland area i s well covered by these various trees, bushes, grass and other forms o f plants. EA Executive Summaiy 6 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  The Puxiazhou wetland areahas diversifiedand large quantity o f water life biomass, from algae, plankton, hydrdophyte, benthos to fish. These provide abundant foods to the migrating birds and are the primary reason for the wetland to continue attracting the birds to spendthe winterhummer or stop over duringthe longer migratingjourneys. According to Fuzhou Ocean and Fisheries Bureau, Min river section close to Nantai Island i s the migrating route for fresh water ells. Adult ells go back to ocean for spawning inNovember each year, whilejuvenile ells swimback to fresh water inMarchnext year. Inaddition, Chinesecrabsalso swimto the seaOctobereachyear for spawningandswim back to fresh water May-June the next year. There are also 720 mu o f water area in Min River south o fthe proposedKuiqibridge site for fish farming by the local villages. Other components in the peri-urban ecosystem consist mainly o f fruit gardens, vegetable land, fish ponds, woodland and agricultural lands. There are about 36 species o f trees in Fuzhou, mostly belong to broad leaf trees and deciduous broad-leaf trees, located along existing NJBL sides, parks and open areas inthe island. Cultural Property Nantai Island, surrounded by the river, has a long history o f human activities and many cultural properties and scenic sites. Based on consultation with the city's cultural bureau, there are over 120 historical sites on the island but a detailed site investigation by the EA team along the NJBL, the proposed 3 W S and the bridge site, there will be three sites likely to be impacted: Fanchuanpucatholic cathedral which is a provincial level protected cultural relics, Anlan shrine, Lianjiang ancient collage and Song Dynasty station. Those identifiedas likely to be impacted are based on distance and locations. There are several two Buddhist temples in the project area which have no particular cultural, religious or historical values and thus not in any protection lists. Ingeneral, if a site i s or to be on the first row to the road, then it i s a likely site to be impacted by project construction and operation. Otherwise, they are considered not sensitive. Socio-economic Baseline According to the 2002 census, the total population in Fuzhou was approximately 5.98 million including 1.58 million urban population, or about 26% of the total. As the provincial capital, Fuzhou i s the political, economic, science and cultural center o f Fujian province and one of the important urban centers along China's east coast and one of the 14 open cities. As a peri-urban area, Nantai Island was merged recently into one o f the five urban districts in Fuzhou. The island itself has five townships, 45 urban neighborhood committees with a total area o f 142 km2and a total population o f 369,000. Other key socio-economic indicators o f Fuzhou are presented inTable 3-4. Table 3-4 Major Socio-economic Indicators (2002) Items Value GDP RMB 121.4billion Economic growth over the previous year 10.6% Average per capita GDP RMB20,292 per capita Main agricultural produce Fruits,rice, vegetable, flowers Main industries Electronics, textile, port, logistics, general machining, tourism EA Executive Summary 7 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  4. Analysis of Alternatives As a key methodology o f incorporation o f environmental considerations into project design and decision making, several alternatives have been identified, evaluated and compared from the environmental perspective during project preparation and, together with other project preparation teams such as feasibility study, RAP, etc., optimal alternatives were selected when all factors were considered. `With' and `without' project options were analyzed and components were confirmed only after the analysis confirmed their least adverse environmental impacts as well as economic benefits. From city wide perspective, the project would reduce the traffic congestion in the urban areas, increase average motor vehicle speeds, reduce the need for acceleratiorddeceleration, and thus reduce motor vehicle emissions. Alternative scale and design options for individual components were also considered. The current proposals reflect decisions that reflect a balance betweentechnical, economic social and environmental considerations. Nun Jiung Bin Lu (NJBL): e Western section o f NJBL between the 4thMin River Bridge and Jiefang Bridge. An initial plan to widen the existing road in this section was modified in order to minimize resettlement and disruption to the existing urban environment such as grown trees. e Fanchuanuu Cathedral. The proposed red line encroaches upon the property of an active Catholic Cathedral. Following an exhaustive process, a range o f different alternative alignments and designs have been proposed, including (a) extend the road and dyke into the river (rejected because o f the potential hydrological impacts on the river and the subsequent need to obtain very time- consuming approvals from National level flood control authorities); (b) reduce the width o f the pedestriadgreen areas (rejected as would not make a material impact on the encroachment needed); and (c) maintain the road design and at the same time minimize the impacts to the church. These alternatives were evaluated and consulted with the church community, Alternative C was selected which would avoid impacting directly the main church building, though an adjacent office/dormitory building will need to be relocated, and a square in front o f the church would also be partially occupied. e Eastern section. The original plan called for NJBL to continue for 5 kmbeyond Qian HengBridge (where the roadwould have terminated and connected with the local Nantai Island road network). This Eastern section would mostly be constructed on Puxiazhou wetland, which if built would have significantly impacted the birds, plants, aquatic life and the overall ecosystem o f the wetland, seriously reduce the wetland area, cut off the ecological and wetland chains connecting estuary and inland wetland and water ways, and eventually render the wetland losing its ecological functions. This option or several variations which would have encroached into the wetland were rejected based on these environmental considerations. The NJBL now turns south at the proposed location o f the Qian Heng Bridge onto South Qian Heng Road to connect with the local road network. The total length o f the NJBL component has been i s reduced to 5.13 kmfrom 9 km. 3rdRingRouaXSouth e Alignment. Several alignment and design alternatives have been proposed and evaluated. The current alignment and design, reducing the road width from 100 m to 79 m in several sections have avoided direct encroachment into several EA Executive Summary 8 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  sensitive receptors including a college, a temple, and several villages as well as increased distances to several more sensitive receptors and thus virtually eliminate potential impacts o f the projects to these sensitive receptors. e Phasing. Two alternative phasing alternatives have been proposed: (a) to construct the road intwo phases, with an initial phase (dual 2-lanes) designed to allow the early development o f adjacent areas: the subsequent upgrading to full expressway standards would be undertaken when traffic volume warrants. (b) to construct two sections inphases - the first between Wanbian Bridge and FuXia Highway (km0-km8.7) and the second from FuXia Highway to KuiQi Bridge (km8.7-km11). Alternative B is selected on the ground o f its practicality and avoid land occupation and environmental impacts ahead of the bridge construction which i s the key for traffic. Kuiqi Bridge e Location. Several alternative locations were considered including a combination with a proposed rail bridge before the present location was selected. All o f the other potential locations were rejected due to technical (construction costs, approach routes, or need for a minimum spacing between adjacent bridges) or social (scale o f involuntary resettlement) reasons. e Bridge Tee. Three alternative bridge types were considered, including both continuous beam and cable-stayed bridge structures. The preferred option - a continuous beam with V-shaped piers - was selected on the basis o f both cost and aesthetics. Public Transport Component: 8 Depot Scale and Size. Two alternatives were considered: (a) to develop a large depot and a dispatch centre on the full Jinshan site o f over 12,OOOsq m; and (b) to divide the site into two portions and to develop it in two stages with the second stage items being subject to the positive findings o f associated TA. Alternative B was selected on the ground of avoiding poor and unnecessary use o f the available landprematurely. e Dispatch Centre: It was initially shown as an office building larger than needed for a dispatch room even with a GPS control room. The item was placed in Stage 2 and made subject to more stringent design criteria. e Bus Priority. Initially no bus priority was includedinthe component. Following representation by the Bank the need for such an item was accepted and put forward for inclusion. 8 Bus Depot Site: Two alternative sites were proposed for the bus depot during the preparation stage: one at west side o f Pushang Industrial Zone and the other northwest o f Bianwan Industrial Zone. Both locations are in the same district to be served by the facility although the one by Pushang Industrial Zone is located in the geographical center of the service area and thus would have short dead distances and less emissions, noise, and other impacts from buses leaving and returning the depot, compared with the other site. The other site was rejected also because it has a school near the site, zoned as mixed residential and commercial uses, more resettlement, and insufficient existing infrastructure, compared with the Pushang site which i s selected for the bus depot in this project. EA Executive Summary 9 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  5. EnvironmentalImpacts 5.1 Noise Construction Phase IncludingNight Time Construction Construction noise will be primarily from construction machinery and heavy duty construction trucks. Based on the noise intensity and compounded effect o f simultaneous operation of multiple machines, it i s expected that noise impacted areas will be approximately 50 m from the noise sources for day time and 100-150 m at night. Therefore, it will take about 150 m for the noise to meet the standards at night. The night time construction cannot be avoided as many construction activities in urban and peri- urban areas may be restricted (e.g., heavy duty truck movement), other activities required non-stop operation (e.g., concrete pouring for interchanges and bridges) and demanding construction schedule may require construction around clock. These activities together with likely on-site power generators would produce highnoise impacting residents living up to 150 m to the construction sites. Compared with the stringent night time noise standard o f 45 dB(A), the construction noise will exceed the standard significantly (exceeded by up to 23 dB(A)). While night time construction activities are prohibited in general, some may take place for technical and schedule reasons. Night time construction would have the highnoise impacts to the residents, ifoccurred. Operation Phase Based on the predicted traffic flow on project roads and considering site conditions, includingroad surface, slope, buildings along the roads, noise levels at different distances to the proposed roads were predicted during the EA for the years 2010 and 2020. For 2010, areas about 160 m from the NJBL can reach Category IV and beyond, Category I1 noise standards during the day time. Night time noise impacted i s much larger. At selected sensitive receptors, the noise i s expected exceeded the applicable standards by 7- 9 dB(A) in 2010 and 9-11 dB(A) in 2020 during the day time, and by 11-15 dB(A) in 2010 and 13-17 dB(A) in 2020 at night. These impacts would disturb the schools along the roads duringthe day time andresidents at night. 5.2 Vibration Vibration sources are mainly from construction machinery. Experience from similar construction activities show that at an average of 30 m from heavy construction machines, vibration levels are expected to near or below 72 dB, which i s the applicable standard. The construction activity which would cause the strongest vibration i s piling operation which will occur at the elevated interchange and bridge sites. The impacted areas where vibration levels would exceed the applicable standard, are up to 80-100 m from the piling operations. Several thousands residents will be affected by the vibration during the construction phase. During the operation phase, the vibration impact i s mainly from the interchange. As there is only one interchange inthis project, the impact would be limited only to area near this site. The most sensitive receptor to the increased vibration i s the Fanchuanpu Cathedral. The project NJBL road will be constructed at about 25 m from the main building o f the church, which is within the impacted area. The 1930 built structure has already shown some cracks in its wall and the church community i s concerned about the safety o f the building from the construction vibration. As the original structure and foundation EA Executive Summary 10 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  drawings have lost over the years, it i s difficult to evaluate the safety impacts from the construction activities without detailed on-site analysis. 5.3 Air Quality Construction Phase Airborne dust will be a primary air contaminant during the construction phase. The sources o f the dust will primarily be demolition activities, materials storage areas and transportation. The factors affected dust airborne will include climate conditions, mainly wind speed and direction, and moisture in the ambient air, and type of construction activities. The impact area can be about 40 m from the source o f dust based on construction site and road side tests, while areas beyond 50 m the impacts will be gradually phased out. Another source o f air emission i s asphalt and concrete mixing stations. The impacted area can be 100 m leeward from the source according to a MOC study in 1999. Once air borne the dust impact may last 30 minutes and PMlocould last even longer. Residents, school students and church goers along the proposed roads would be impacted by the increased airborne dust during construction. Operation Phase Based on local climate conditions, a SEPA recommended model was used for motor vehicle emission intensity and CALINE4, for the air pollutant dispersion in the EA to forecast the impact o f exhaust emission o f motor vehicles to the environment immediately adjacent to the project roads. The modeling results indicate that CO i s expected to meet applicable standard (Class) in all weather conditions and in all road sections, whereas NOz can meet the standard in the common weather conditions but exceed the standard under the unfavorable weather conditions (low wind speed and stable climate). The impacted area can be up to 50 m between Bifengzhou bridge and Sanxianzhou bridge in year 2020. Similar impacts are also predicted for most sections of the 3 W S roads, but the impacted area would be smaller (5-10 m from the road). To the sensitive receptors, the impact o f CO i s expected to be minimum as the model predicts CO will meet the applicable standards. But the residential houses, schools and other sensitive receptors listed in this project for NJBL, 3 W S and Kuiqi bridge will be impacted by the increased NO2. However, by 2020 as more stringent motor vehicle emission standards (Euro4) will be introduced and enforced in the city, improvement in air quality from reduced emissions from individual motor vehicles will offset the effect from increased motor vehicle traffic. Inaddition, on a city wide perspective, air quality emission of individual motor vehicle is expected to reduce as the project will improve driving conditions, divert the through, reduce congestion, promote public and improve public transport service, and increase average driving speeds. Therefore, the project will help improve air quality in the city, particularly in the currently congested roads and intersections, compared with the scenario o f without the project. EA Executive Summay 11 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  5.4 Water Environment Construction Phase This project will cross several rivers and other water bodies including the landmark Min Jiang river by Kuiqibridge. Inaddition, most part o f NJBL will be constructed along the Min Jiang river in very close distance. The in-water construction could impact water quality through oil leaking/dripping which then enter into the water, re-suspension o f sediment during in-water construction, surface runoff contaminated with waste and/or materials piles, increased suspended solids from surface runoff from construction sites near water and sewage from construction camps. Ifnot handled properly, these activities will result in pollution of surface water bodies including the wetlands downstream on MinJiang river estuary. The area affected will generally be a short distance downstream from the bridge or other near water construction sites and the impacts will last the time o f construction to shortly after construction activities cease. But, as the river flows, the impact can extend to a large area although as it will decrease significantly with the increasing distance through dilution, sedimentation, and natural degradation. Based on a model prediction during the EA, the impacted area, primarily for oil spills can be 130 m from the point o f spills and discharges. Most construction camps for this NJBL will be set up inrented facilities in the peri-urban area which are serviced with municipal sewer system while those for 3 W S and Kuiqi bridge will be in rural areas without such service. If not handled properly, domestic sewage as well as other wastewater may be discharged into lakes directly, resulting in lake water contamination. Operation Phase Wastewater sources from the operation phase will include mainly pavement runoff of the first flush in a rainfall event. The surface runoff are relatively small compared with the receiving river flows but contaminant concentrations such as COD and SS can be high, particularly the first 15 minutes o f a rain event. As the volume i s relatively small and the lake water i s stagnant, impacts from surface runoff will be limited both in terms o f strength and areas inthe receiving water. The transportation of hazardous materials could pose a risk o f water contamination from traffic accidents occurring while on the NJBL and Kuiqi bridge over the Min Jiang river which involve vehicles loaded hazardous materials and result in major spills. Based on the frequencies o f occurrence o f such severe accidents, the prediction results indicate that there exists a very small probability (1.95% per year in2010 and 1.87% per year in2020), based on the motor vehicle fleet, tank trucks which may be involved in transportation o f dangerous goods, and traffic accidents records over the past 30 years. If this types o f unlikely accidents do happen, catastrophic consequence may result to water quality, aquatic life, ecosystem including birds and other wildlife who depend on these surface water bodies, health and safety o f the people living downstream from the accident locations. The EA predicts with a model that if there i s a major spill o f a typical tank truck of hazardous material, the impacted area will be up to 400 from the bridge and the impacted time, 47 minutes. EA Executive Summary 12 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  5.5 Ecosystem One o f the NJBL altematives i s to buildthe road across Puxiazhou wetland on MinJiang river. Ifthis alternative were adopted, a large area of the wetland will be occupied and the road and the traffic on the road will separate existing wetland, seriously impact migrating birds, local birds, water fowls, aquatic life and vegetation on the wetland. Actually, should the alternative be implemented, the wetland and natural habits for most o f the birds and water fowls would basically lose its function. This alternative was rejected by the EA and the new alternative, adopted by the project turns south before encroach into the wetland. The construction and operation of NJBL and Kuiqi bridge will increase noise levels in this otherwise quiet environment, which could drive away migrating birds and other wildlife. The traffic lighting on the road and bridge may also affect the birds. The runoff from the bridge and NJBL can be contaminated (see water quality section), and if allowed to discharge freely, it would enter the Min Jiang and wetland directly and quickly resulting in contamination, affecting vegetation, zooplankon and fish, which are food sources to birds.The in-water construction activities o f Kuiqibridgemay also affect the migrating ells and crabs which in certain months o f each year, swim to and from the ocean. However, the core area o f the Puxiazhou wetland itself i s located about 300 m upstream from Kuiqi bridge. At this distance, the noise and other factors o f road operation will be mostly limited to the areas immediately adjacent to the road and not directly impact the wetland core or more sensitive areas of Puxiazhou wetland. 5.6 Socio-economic Impact Communitv development The project will greatly improve the transportation conditions in those peri-urban areas where road conditions are poor and/or insufficient, some even without proper road to connect with the rest o f the city. The new road construction, as well as road upgrading will improve the peri-urban or some o f the rural communities. With the improved transportation will help attract further development, investment, commercial activities and services to the new area or suburb/rural areas. Clearly the new or improved transportation infrastructure and services will provide more convenience to residents in these communities, as well as to contribute to improving the quality o f life and standards of living. Community severance Because the new roads or newly widened roads may be separated at the middle media and/or because the traffic volume and traffic speeds on project roads will be significantly increased, local residents may feel being separated from the other side o f the roads which may have the schools, hospitals shops and other services. Besides intersections where there will be traffic lights to control and relate the motor vehicles, the project will have grade separate crossings including pedestrian overhead passes and underground pedestrian passes. Inaddition, street level crossings and dedicated pedestrian traffic lights will also be created. These street crossings will be located in strategically important sites, such as schools, large department stores, tourist attractions, markets and other public places where there are large crowds. Together with regular traffic light controlled EA Executive Summary 13 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  intersections, these street crossing provisions in the project will help minimize the impacts of community severance and provide maximum convenience to the citizen of Fuzhou. Cultural Relics The primary impacts to cultural relics are to FanchuanpuCatholic Cathedral, a provincial level protected and historical/cultural property. As described above, currently designed alignment will encroach on the square and an office building o f the church (the main building of the Church will not be directly affected). As per the proposed plan, the project construction and operation would occupy part o f yard in front o f the main church building as well as relocate the office/dormitory, increase the noise to the church site and affect, potentially, the structural safety of the main building. 5.7 Resettlement and Relocation The resettlement and relocation ofthe proposedproject will occupy permanently 2332.43 mu o f land, involving 480 households, 1339 people and demolition o f 32,451 m2 o f various houses. The total cost o f resettlement and relocation including livelihood rehabilitation i s RMB235.05 million. Basedon the experience of similar previous projects else inChina and lessens learnt from those earlier projects, potential impacts o f the project to the communities could include mismanagement o f house compensation funds, insufficient compensation for house replacement and delayed payment o f the compensation funds. However, in general, the new houses following the relocation are expected to be better and bigger than the houses they replace with usingthe resettlement and relocation compensation funds, representing an improvement o f housing conditions and the standards o f living for the affected. Most houses to be dismantled by the project are o f poor or very poor conditions and some even without tap water and/or sanitary facilities. The relocated housing i s modem design with all the comfort and facilities. However, the relocation itself will disrupt the residents' daily life and routines. Many who have been living inthe same neighborhood for years or even generations may not be used to or like the new environment even if they represent a substantial improvement. Furthermore, people may lose some o f the convenience available only in downtown areas, as well as losing potentially money when relocating to new houses. A major relocation issue is the relocation o f the office/donnitory buildingo f Fanchuanpu church. The new site i s just adjacent to the existing ground and the new building will be designed in the same style as the one to be demolished. Close consultation has been conducted with the church community and will continue during the course o f relocation to satisfy concerns and demands if any. The project will also involve relocation of 14 commercial outlets, 13 industrial enterprises, and two offices. The relocation plan i s well prepared in consultation with the affected to minimize and well compensate the impact and disruption to business. 5.8 Safeguards Policies Assurance The EA team conducted a screening for ten safeguard policies of the World Bank and, when triggered by the Project conditions, full assessment. The safeguard policies which are incorporated in the EA include Environmental Assessment (OP4.0 l), Natural Habitat EA Executive Summary 14 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  (OP4.04), Cultural Property (OP4.1l),Involuntary Resettlement (OP4.12) and Public Disclosure (BP 17.50). Those safeguards which have gone through an initial screening but found not warrant a full assessment include Pest Management (OP4.09), Forest (OP4.36) and Indigenous Peoples (4.20). The remainder safeguards are not applicable because the Project does not have any components involved these safeguards issues. These include Safety o f Dam (OP4.37), International Waterways (OP7.50) and Disputed Areas (OP 7.60). 6. Mitigation For the adverse environmental impacts o f the project, the EA team has developed a series o f measures to avoid, minimize, mitigate or otherwise compensate adverse impacts from the project. These mitigationmeasures are summarizedbelow. 6.1 Design Phase Air quality As part of the overall transport strategy for Fuzhou, the project road design will be given full consideration to optimize the transport network. Construction and operation of the project would detour the through traffic fi-om the city proper to the peri-urban area, thus reduce the traffic congestion in the city. The over loading o f traffic at downtown roads will be minimized and transit traffic through city center will be avoided. The project itself will significantly improve.the motor vehicle operation efficiency and average speeds and thusreduce air emissions by individualmotor vehicles. Inaddition, in the future development of Nantai area which is one of the objectives of this project as well as a direct consequence, areas significantly impacted by the project operation will be developed only for facilities not sensitive to traffic. Those sensitive ones, particularly schools, hospitals, kindergartens, seniors' houses, as well as residential buildingswill be built away from these impacted areas. Noise A number o f measures to minimize noise have been incorporated into the design for sensitive receptors at which there will be significant incremental increase in noise level. These measures are summarized inTable 6-1. EA Executive Summary 15 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  MitigationMeasures ImplementationPlaces Estimatedquantity The implementation time is determinedbased on the noise prediction results. Basically the measures will be implemented prior to the increase in noise levels at the application locations. In sensitive receptors where noise impacts will be significant during the construction phase, the implementation time will be inthe construction phase. Vibration As road surface quality directly affects vibration levels from the roads, high quality asphalt materials will be designed for road surface paving materials, particularly at the elevated viaducts and multi-layers interchanges. The mitigation for potential vibration impacts to FanchuanpuCathedral i s described below. Xiazhou wetland The following mitigationmeasures will be incorporated into the urban roaddesign: 0 The Xiahzou wetland management authority was consulted to participate in the design o f Kuiqibridge and NJBL road for their input in achieving harmony with the surrounding environment; Consultation also covered the surface runoff collection system for NJBL and Kuiqi bridge.Such systems are to collect all surface runoffand direct it to a holding tank at storage before dischargeddirectly to the river; Highquality asphalt will be used for NJBL and 3 W S so that the noise from road surface friction will be minimized; Communitv Severance To minimize the impacts o f community and access to services in the project areas, numerous grade separate pedestrian passes have been included in the project design. In addition, the project design will also include street level pedestrian crossings and traffic light controlled pedestriancrossings. Together with intersections which are controlled by traffic lights and thus provide additional street crossings among the project roads, the impacts on community severance and access to services will be minimized. As bicycles are a main transportation tool used by Fuzhou citizens, all grade separate passes will include provisions inthe designto allow bicycles to use readily. EA Executive Summary 16 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  Resettlement and Relocation All relocated residents will be properly compensated and received training for new employment. Special consideration will be given to the elderly, illiterate and farmers in terms o f compensation. For people whose sources o f well water will be disrupted by the construction by the construction o f tunnels, additional water wells and other water supply sources will be developed. Cultural Relics The Fanchuanpu church administratioddormitory buildingis a brick and wood structure with stone basement and wood floor. Basically the building i s in good shape and structurally according to expert observation sound although over a nearly hundredyears, some elements such as wooden windows and floors have rotted, or been damaged or lost. According to detailed site survey, investigation and structure studies by historical buildingand structural experts from Fuzhou BuildingScience Research Institute (FBSRI), it has been decided to dismantle and rebuild the building at the neighboring shipyard which i s to be returnedto the church. Based on relevant regulations, technical guidelines and site investigations and measurements, FBSRI has developed a detailed, step by step dismantling, moving and rebuilding plan for the administratioddormitory building. The basic principles o f this plan are to carefully dismantle the building, use the same materials to the maximum extent possible for the rebuilding, and reconstruct the building in the same way as the existing structure, architecture style and appearance. In the places where identical re- construction cannot be achieved or re-construction in the same style i s very difficult or not safe, the designers will be called in to determine the alternative construction methods with the objective to maintain the same architectural style toe the maximum extent possible. The reconstructedadministratioddormitory building will finally be painted with the paints which can best reflect the original and historical flavor. To mitigate the potential adverse impacts fi-om vibration to the main church building, a strengthening and reinforcement plan has been developed by FBSRI on the basis o f a detailed site investigation and structural analysis o f the building and with the considerations o f the potential vibration during project construction and operation. The plan will cover all elements o f the main church building, including foundation, exterior walls, roof, windows, columns, and other structures. Cautions and considerations have been given to plan for using the materials which can be harmonized with the existing ones and the strengthening and reinforcement would not cause significant changes in architectural styles and appearance of the building. The current plan i s a preliminary plan. Further structure study and evaluation will be needed to confirm the plan and this study will be conducted prior to the start o f the strengthening plan implementation. The estimated costs for the plan, including further expert evaluation and design will be about RMB1.23 million. 6.2 ConstructionPhase Construction noise and night time construction Large and noisy construction activities will be kept away from populated areas (150 m minimum) where possible. Operation o f loud construction machinery and major construction activities such as piling for interchanges will strictly restricted to the day EA Executive Summary 17 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  time. Temporary noise barriers will be constructedto protect the sensitive receptors from the impact of construction noise. Construction traffic will be directed to avoid sensitive locations and banned at night time. Noise construction activities will be carefully scheduled to avoid the most sensitive time. In the school areas, construction may be scheduled for vacation months and on weekend if possible. Inthe residential areas, noisy construction activities will be scheduled not to be between 12:OO to 2:30 in the afternoon to avoid disrupting the afternoon naps. Where night time construction activities must be conducted, the following measures will be taken for the night time construction: (1) nearby urban residents and villages will be notified ahead o f time for the length and noise intensity o f the proposed night time construction and consulted for their concerns, (2) night time construction will be arranged in such a way to avoid school exam time (about one week in the summer) and harvest time (about halfmonth each inthe summer and fall), (3) concrete mixer, power generated and other stationary equipment will be carefully placed to be far away from residential areas and villages to ensure no noise impacts from these machines, (4) equipment with lower noise levels will be used for concrete pouring operations, (5) temporary noise barriers at the appropriate places may be erected to reduce the noise impacts at the night time, (6) if necessary, the contractor will arrange temporary accommodation away from the impacted area for the extremely vulnerable people who need good night time rest, such as persons with illness and elderly, and (7) supervision personnel from the PMO will be assigned to the construction sites duringthe periodo fnight time construction to ensure that the above measures are taken and to respond to any un-anticipated impacts by necessary mitigationmeasures. Roads used for construction vehicles and construction sites will be water sprayed three times a day (morning, noon and afternoon), or more frequent on dry and windy days to suppress airborne dust (once every two hours). The demolition sites will be separate with sailcloth or similar sheet from the surrounding areas to filter the air borne dust. The buildings under demolition will also be water sprayed to suppress the dust. The mixing stations and other point sources o f air emissions will be located leeward far enough from sensitive receptors (300 m minimum).Trucks loaded with soil and other dusty materials, as well as materials stockpiles will be covered with canvas. All trucks leaving construction sites will be washed to clear up the dirt and mad on vehicle tires. Construction trucks will be allowed to use only the pre-selected roads inthe urban areas. Water To minimize adverse impacts to surface water during construction, the discharge from construction camps located in rural areas will not be allowed to discharge to surface water bodies directly. The sewage will be either held at the site and empties to treatment facilities regularly or through on site treatment such as septic tanks to meet the irrigation discharge standards. Aquatic life Cofferdam method will be used for Kuiqi bridge pillar construction. All slurry will be treated before discharged back into the river, to minimize the impact o f the increased suspended solids. The in-water construction activities will be carefully planned to avoid the time o f November-December and again May-June when ells and crabs migrating to EA Executive Summaly 18 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  and from the sea. Additional juvenile ells and crabs will be released to the river to compensate any loss inpopulation from the bridge construction activities. Cultural Relics All trucks and other transportation vehicles speeds will be strictly enforced at the areas near the two cultural property sites to minimize the potential vibration and noise. Trucks loaded with bulk materials will be covered with canvas to minimize potential dust and the roads and construction sites near the properties will be frequently watered daily. Low noise machinery will be used for construction in the areas near the cultural properties if possible. The following protocol shall be used for dealing with any chance finds: (I) provide training to contractor staff for them to become familiar with the basic knowledge, procedures and applicable policies for cultural relics chance finds; (2) immediately stop all construction activities in an event o f a chance find, and protective measures will be taken to protect the sites and any finds; (3) The contractors will inform the cultural authority immediately o f the chance finds; (4) With the consultation with the cultural authority, archaeologists will be called or arranged to the site to make proper investigation; (5) Design changes may be considered if necessary and/or recommended by the professional archaeologists or requested by the cultural relics authority; and (6) The construction activities may be resumed only after the site has been fully investigated and a permit granted by the cultural relics authority. Contractor Management Experience with previous World Bank financed urban transport projects in China, has indicated that high awareness and full participation o f contractors in environmental management during the construction phase are critically important to ensure environmental performance and pollution control at the construction sites. Environmental protection will start from pre-qualification of contractors when environmental awareness and management systems will be an evaluation criterion. The environmental mitigation measures, management and monitoring plans will be incorporated into bid documents to ensure there will be sufficient funding prepared by the bidding contractors for these activities and the environmental management will be contractual obligations to the contractors. Finally, short course training will be provided to all winning contractors and construction supervision on environmental policies and regulations, potential impacts, mitigation measures, daily monitoringand reporting, and emergency handling. 6.3 Operation Phase Traffic management will be enforced and motor vehicles will not be allowed to speed or horn while going through sections near sensitive receptors such as schools, hospitals, seniors houses, cultural properties, etc. These bans will be informed to drivers through traffic control boards/signs along the project roads. Air emission A motor vehicle air emissions control strategy requires an integrated approach from numerous government agencies as well as private sector stakeholders. The city will enforce applicable standards for motor vehicles and fuels and implement the motor vehicle inspection programs to minimize the air emissions from the increased motor EA Executive Summary 19 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  vehicle traffic on the urban roads. Other measures include (1) motor vehicles not meeting the emission standards will be banned from sales in the city (2) accelerate the old vehicle retirement program (3) continue the random emission testing for buses (4) continue and improve the annual motor vehicle emission testing for entire fleet (5) continue the road side testing program, and (6) promote the clean fuel programs. A full description o f the existing programs and future plans for motor vehicle emission control strategy in the city i s presented in Annex 1 of this report (being prepared for this draft and will be included inthe final EA Summary). Water and transportation of hazardous materials Leaking vehicles, whether from their fuel tanks or from the containers they carry, will not be allowed to use the project roads as it will go several sensitive and ecologically valuable surface water bodies. The city will set up an emergency response group involving relevant agencies and professional institutions to handle transportation o f hazardous materials and emergency response in an event o f a traffic accident involving trucks located with hazardous materials, particularly in sensitive locations such as NJNL road. The city's emergency response system, which includes fire department, municipal emergency maintenance and repair and environmental monitoring will be further strengthened which, after proper training, will be able to provide emergency assistance together with its other municipal services 24 hours day. In addition, licensing and permitting procedures will be strictly enforced to control the traffic involving hazardous materials on urban roads inthe city, connecting road and rural roads network. Fisheries As discussed inthe EA report, migratory fish and aquaculture sites inMinjiang river near Kuiqibridgemaybe impactedby the bridgeconstructionandto alesser extent, operation. However, according the fish bureau, although the impact can be considered modest, the exact extent o f the impacts will require very detailed and long term studies. Based on detailed consultation with the fisheries experts at the fish bureau, mitigation o f introducing fish fry or juvenile fish down stream from the bridge on the migrating routes to ensure any impact by the bridge to the migratory fish will be compensated. The introduction will be done on the yearly basis at the fish spawning and migration seasons. Urban planning To avoid sensitive receptors from being exposed to adverse impacts such as noise, air pollution, vibration and reduced sunshine, no such sensitive buildings will be allowed to be built within the impacted areas from the project roads. No new school, hospital or other sensitive facilities will be allowed to buildwithin 100to 200 mfrom the central line o f the project roads (noise and air pollution) or 30 m from the interchanges (sunshineand vibration). The project i s to include a technical assistance program to provide professional expertise to assist the city revise its Master Plan as well as study o strategic planning for sustainable management o f Fuzhou urban development. These environmental considerations will be incorporated into the planning to ensure balanced and sustainable approach to economic development and environmental and community protection. EA Executive Summary 20 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  Monitoring Extensive environmental monitoring programs will be implemented during both construction and operation phases (details below) to ensure that adverse environmental impacts are as projected during the EA and the mitigation measures proposed will be implemented and effective. In adequate mitigation or new adverse impacts emerged beyond the EA prediction will be detected by the monitoring programs promptly and appropriate new actions will be taken to address them. 7. PublicTransport 7.1 ProjectBackground andArea Baseline The main public transport component consists of a bus depot with a capacity for 300 buses in Phase Iexpanding to 500 buses in Phase 11, equipped with fueling and simple repair and maintenance facilities and a bus dispatching center as well as corporate headquarters for Fuzhou Bus Corporation. The bus depot will be constructed near the Linpushang Industrial Park on the Nantai island. The facility will occupy a total area o f 183.6 mu, which currently has a small office building for the nearby township development zone, some rural houses, farmland and high voltage power transmission towers. At the south o f the proposed site are 32 households o f Gaozai and Geyue villages, with the closest distances to the site boundary o f about 3-14 m.About 10 mto the west i s Zudian temple, inFenggang village. The 1914 re-constructed temple has been repaired recently and has no particular protection status due to the absence o f particular historical, cultural or religious values. On the west and northwest o f the site, about 110 m to the site boundary, i s the Jinshan park. These are sensitive receptors vulnerable to the increased noise, air emission, wastewater discharges and other potential impacts once the bus depot i s constructedand inoperation. Based on the baseline monitoring results, the proposed bus depot site currently enjoys a good ambient air quality and low noise, indicating a fair environmental quality under the currently conditions. There i s no apparent environmental discharges, except domestic wastewater from the households which i s discharged to the municipal sewer on Pushang road. Along this road, the wastewater will be diverted to Jinshan wastewater treatment plant before dischargedto Minriver northbranch. 7.2 Impacts During bus depot construction, noise from construction machinery and materials transportation trucks i s expected to exceed the applicable standards. The noise impact would be particularly significant to the nearby residents during the night (by up to 37 dB(A) over the standard), if there are night time construction activities. Air borne dust, from demolition, earth work, and materials handling would also impact the residents. The wastewater discharge during construction is mostly from construction camps on site as well as site runoff. The wastewater will be discharged to the municipal sewer to minimize the impacts to the environment. But, surface runoff, likely containing high concentration o f sediments could affect or even clog the sewer, ifnot handled properly. Duringthe operation phase, the main noise sources will be bus operation (inand out of depot from 20:OO to 22:OO in the evening and 6:OO to 8:OO in the morning, respectively and idling while warming up), power generator, air compressor, and lathes and other EA Executive Summary 21 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  repair and maintenance machine operation. A mathematical model was usedinthe EA for predicting the noise and the results show that the nearby residents will be exposed to the increased noise which will exceed the applicable standards, day and night. The main air pollution sources during the operation phase will be emissions fkom operating buses. Again, the buses will be most operating 2 hours each inthe moming and evening except a small number o f buses which will operate during maintenance. A dispersion model during the EA shows that air emission will impact (exceeding the applicable standards) the surrounding areas o f up to 100 m from the site boundaries. As such, the residential houses in the south will be exposed to the increased CO, NOzand N M H C. During the operation, wastewater will be generated from three sources: bus washing, domestic wastewater from the facility toilets and first flush o f rain water which i s likely contaminated by dust and oil dripped on the floor and ground. The key contaminants will be oil, suspended solids, and organics. The total wastewater volume i s estimated to be 446 m3/day. The impact i s not expected to be significant if handling properly as the wastewater, following onsite pre-treatment, will be discharged to a municipal sewer leading to a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The air emission from bus depot operation would also affect the neighboring Jinshan park, particularly to the elderly park goers who may be sensitive to the deteriorating air quality when they visit or exercise in the park. However, this impact i s limited as the air pollution may occur mostly at the 5:OO-6:00 and again 22:OO-23:OO each day when up to 400 buses leave and retumto the depot. Both these time slots are beyond the normal park visiting hours. The flower culture near the bus depot may also be affected by the increased air pollution, but the exact impacts depend on a host o f complex factors and may need long term study and observation to determine. The flower farming, together with the rural housing inthe area are planned to be relocated (not related to this project) for development o f the industrial park inthe area. The facility could pose a visual impact to the nearby temple and wetland park. In particular, the facility i s close to the temple and will be highly visible to the temple and Jinshan Park visitors. As there are two highvoltage (110 kVA and 220 kVA respectively) power transmission lines going through the site and a nearby power substation, the electromagnetic field could affect the bus depot, particularly the dispatching center, waiting halls and dormitory. Based on site measurement, the maximum level o f electric intensity at the ground is 0.253 kV/m, significantly lower than the applicable standard o f 4 kV/m to people. The magnetic field intensity i s 0.672 1-1T (maximum) and 0.327 1.1T at the (sensitive receptors), far below the applicable standard o f 100 !J T and even the most stringent intemational standard o f 1u T. EA'S assessment also confirms the electromagnetic fields will have virtually no impacts to GPS system, radio communication on site (walkie-talkie). The fuel storage and fueling facilities on site could pose safety hazards of potential spills, fire, and explosion. If occurring, these events would have significant impacts to the communities, the environment as well as the staff and asset o f the bus depot. EA Executive Summary 22 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  7.3 Mitigation At the deign stage, the site selection and layout are carefully planned to minimize the potential impacts to the surrounding environment. The site has been located to avoid any encroachment o f the temple compound. Furthermore, the architecture design will be prepared in such a way it will try to harmonize with the surrounding area to minimize the visual impacts. High (2 m), solid perimeter walls will be erected to reduce the noise impacts to the residents and the Zudian temple. The open areas in and at the property border o f the bus depot will be landscaped with trees The power generator, air compressors and maintenance shop will be located away from these sensitive receptors. Furthermore, the structures housing these facilities and operations will be designed and constructed with full considerationofnoiseisolation. For air emission, all buses will be maintained to their best conditions possible, particularly air emission control. The operations will be managed in such a way that will minimize the bus idling time on site and smooth in and out of the bus depot with minimum congestion. The air ventilation will be designed for efficient air emission dispersion to minimize pollutant built up. Bus emission control program will be developed which will include mandatory and regular inspection and repair, converting to clean fuels, and procure clean buses duringthe bus fleet replacement and renewing. The bus depot will provide background information to Jinshan park about the air quality and potential impacts o f the bus depot operation to air quality in the park area. Advices will be given to the park to avoid admitting visitors during the bus depot peak operating hours (early morning and late evening) or provide warning to the visitors o f the potential health impacts. Domestic wastewater will also be discharge into onsite septic tanks. First flush rain water and bus wash water will be collected ina holding tank. From there the wastewater will be diverted to an oil/water separator. Following these pre-treatment, effluent from the septic tank and oil/water separator will be discharge to the municipal sewer leading to Jinshan wastewater treatment plant for further treatment before discharged to the environment. All structures o f bus depot will be designed with the consideration o f the high voltage power transmission lines. Particularly the structure heightswill be controlled to the safety range and with full thunder prooffacilities. The fueling facility design will strictly follow applicable design codes and include provisions for static electric, thunder and fire proof, as well as safety distance. The underground fuel tanks will have secondary containment and monitoring facility to detect any potential leaks. The fueling station staff will be trained and equipped for emergency response for fires as well as fuel spills. Selecting a site with the least environmental and community adverse impacts while still meeting the technical and engineering needs for the bus depots i s a critical and effective impact prevention measure. The current site was selected based on these considerations when comparedwith alternative site, as describedabove. EA Executive Summary 23 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  8. EnvironmentalManagementPlan An environmental management plan (EMP) has been developed in a separate and stand alone document. The EMP includes policies basis and applicable environmental standards, environmental management system, mitigation measures and monitoring plans for boththe construction and operation phases. 8.1 Objectives The EMP provides a framework for the implementation of mitigation measures and environmental management and monitoring during the Project implementation. As such, it represents the commitment o f Project proponent as well as the governments of the Project area for environmental protection, pollution control and impact minimization. More specifically, the EMP i s to: Set out the legal and policy framework as well as applicable environmental standards with which the Project will be compliance; Identify and design with sufficient details and specifics o f mitigation measures for adverse impacts o f the Project; Specify institutional roles and responsibilities for mitigation measures implementation and environmental management duringProject; Outlines the requirements for environmental monitoring programs and reporting needs; and Provides a stand alone document which may be used during Project implementation for Project supervision. 8.2 Management and Supervision Organizations There will be two layers o f organizations who will be responsible for environmental performance o f the Project. The first i s environmental management organizations including the Fuzhou Construction and Development Corporation, the Project Management Office (PMO) which i s the Project proponent, the urban road maintenance which will be responsible for road maintenance and various technical groups for environmental monitoring and design, as well as contractors and construction supervision companies. One or two environmental personnel will be staffed at the PMO and each o f the contractors for mitigationmeasures implementation, environmental management and supervision. The other group i s the environmental law enforcement agencies including SEPA and Environmental Protection Bureaus o f different levels o f government in the Project region. 8.3 Environmental Monitoring The EMP includes environmental monitoring programs for both construction and operation phases. The parameters to be monitored include resettlement, noise, dust, water quality, and solid waste disposal. During the construction phase, environmental monitoring will be conducted in two approaches: daily and routine monitoring consisting o f mainly visual observations and limited equipment measurements such as hand-hold noise meters by contractors and construction supervision companies; and periodic monitoringby professionals using standard methods recognized by regulatory authorities. Proper training o f contractor and construction supervision staff for the environmental monitoring, as well as on-going supervision and assistance to these staff, will be provided by environmental professionals. Monitoring reports will be compiled at intervals of once every three to four months, summarizing the findings o f the monitoring. The reports will EA Executive Summary 24 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  be submitted to project proponent as well as relevant agencies and the World Bank. Duringthe operation phase, noise levels will be monitored once a month for the first six months and once every six months thereafter for the first three years o f operation. The general environmental monitoring program i s summarized inTable 8-1. Table 8-1 GeneralEnvironmental Monitoring Program No. of Items Parameter Monitoringfrequency Monitoringtime monitoring PMlO 0:00-24:00 Air ' Once a quarter for Daily average: 0:OO-24:OO 7 NO2. CO, TSP 5 consecutive days hourly average:4 times per day Noise Leq(A) Once a quarter for 0:00-24:00 15 Vibration VLZlO 1 day 0:00-24:00 2 Water quality ISS and Oil One day a quarter 3 times per day l 3 I I Once a day of random noise monitoring for eachroad section under construction, Daytime visual observation dust and other environmental issues; vibration monitoring at hospital, school or kindergarten, to be conducted by contractors Nighttime Once a day of noise monitoring for each road section under construction each night; vibration monitoring when hospitals are involved, to be conducted by contractors Operation phase PMlO 0:00-24:00 Air (road) Once a quarter for 5 Daily average: 0:OO- 7 NO2. CO consecutive days 24:OO; hourly average: 4 samples per day Noise (road) Leq(A) 0:00-24:00 15 Once each quarter, for 2 consecutive days Vibration (road) 1VLzl0 0:00-24:00 1 Water quality 3 times monitoring per (road) I One day each quarter 3 ss day The monitoring, as well as site supervision reports will be reported to PMO periodically. Duringthe construction, the monitoringreports will be providedonce every three months while during the operation the monitoring reports will be provided once a year for two years. PMO, the ultimate party responsible for environmental performance for the project duringconstruction will review and take necessary mitigation actions promptly while the transportation bureau responsible for the operation phase. If needed, the PMO and transportation bureau will call upon professional consultants and expert to develop mitigationmeasures and supervise the implementation. EA Executive Summaiy 25 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development  8.4 Institutional Strengthening and Training To ensure the environmental performance o f the Project, the EMP emphasizes the institutional building and strengthening. Besides an organizational structure involving various management and supervision organizations for environmental decision making, monitoring, reporting and further mitigation planning and implementation, the EMP includes detailed programs for personnel training. The programs involve training aboard and domestically for professional, managerial and technical personnel from the governments, project proponent and operation units, environmental institutions and contractors and construction supervisions, to enhance their awareness with the applicable regulations. The environmental training for contractors and construction supervisions will be held prior to the commencement o f construction. The objective i s to ensure that each contractor and construction supervision unit will have staff on site full time for environmental monitoring on a daily basis. The training will cover the basic knowledge o f environmental protection and pollution control, the result o f E M and requirements o f EMP, methodology of site environmental management and monitoring, and reporting requirements. The training for the Fuzhou Construction Committee, the PMO, the road maintenance company, and environmental institutions will cover environmental management, regulatory framework, applicable environmental standards and their implications to the Project, mitigation planning, environmental decision making and pollution control technologies. 8.5 Estimated Costfor Environmental Management The cost for environmental management and mitigation measures have been estimated and included inthe Project budget.The estimatedcost i s summarized inTable 8-2. Items Specifics EstimatedCost (RMB ~1000) Roadhridge Busdepot Environmental Monitoring Construction phase monitoring 668 439 Operation phase monitoring 602 287 Impact mitigation Noise 1,200 Wastewater 575 Air emission from cateen 101 I Juvenile fishreplenishment 50 Staff and contractor training Overseas and domestic 800 650 9. PublicConsultation andInformationDisclosure Two rounds o f public consultation have been carried out duringthe EA: the first round at the preparation o f EA terms o f reference (TOR) betweenJuly to September, 2004 and the second round at draft EA reports between Octobers to November, 2004. The primary technique used inpublic consultation was public opinion surveys through questionnaires, which was supplemented by focused interviews and public meetings with key affected groups and individuals. The people consulted included mainly those who will be affected directly by the project. Relevant government and non-government organizations and EA Executive Summary 26 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  experts from academic institutions on various environmental and socio-economic issues have also been consulted. Intotal, 180 individuals responded to the questionnaire survey and over 200 person-timeshave participated in the interviews and consultation meetings. The public was fully aware o f the proposed and expressed their support in general. The predominant concern from the affected public was increased noise following the project implementation. A focused issue i s the potential impacts to Fanchuanpu Cathedral. Concerns from the church community were basically building/structure safety, relocation o f the office/dormitory building, occupation o f the land, visual impacts, etc. Other concerns expressed by the affected public included air borne dust during construction, location o f asphalt mixers, motor vehicle air emissions, landscaping, community severance, resettlement, cultural relics and wetland protection, etc. Besides the directly affected residents in the project areas, the EA team met with experts from cultural and fisheries bureaus and universities. The experts provided their opinions on environmental and cultural relics issues and provide recommendations from technical point views. The EA team has responded to the public concerns and suggestions including a series o f dust control measures duringconstruction, noise insulation windows and noise barriers at sensitive receptors which are expected to experience significant incremental increase in noise levels after the project, pedestrian and bicycle traffic and street crossing, a large scale landscaping programs with much more new trees planted than those cut during the project and structure strengthening for the church building. The concerns expressed by the public on the resettlement, relocation and livelihood rehabilitation to the RAP team and these concerns have been addressed with appropriate measures inRAP. In compliance with EIA process requirements o f Chinese government and the World Bank, the completed draft EIA and EMP reports were released in public places in the project area, including libraries, village meeting halls, etc. The concerned public can have the access to and review o f the reports at these places. In addition, Project information, and availability of the reports were advertised in Fuzhou Daily, a major and widely distributed local newspaper and Fuzhou Construction and Development Corporation internet web site. The EA team plans to disclose the final EA reports in public places to the general public once the final version i s completed. Public consultation activities and information disclosure for this Project i s summarized in Table 9-1 and Table 9-2, respectively. EA Executive Summary 27 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  Table 9-1 Public Consultation Summary Stage Form By whom and for Time location WB policy First Questionnaire NJBL neighborhood OP4.01 round Survey for 60 local NJBL affected people Questionnaire By PMO and EA team IJune 5-20. 3 W S neighborhood OP4.01 survey fo; 120 3 W S affected I 2004 residents Questionnaire By PMO and EA team August 3-10, Lipu, Shaoqi and OP4.01 survey for 40 Kuiqibridge 2004 Kuiqivillages affected residents Interview PMO and EA team for June 11, PMO office OP4.01 priests o f Fanshenpu 2004 cathedral Group PMO and EA team for June 22, PMO office OP4.01 meeting priests o f Fanshenpu 2004 cathedral Group PMO, design team and July 14, Fanchuanpu church OP4.01 meeting EA team for the church 2004 community Public PMO, design, RAP and August 2, Fuzhou Hotel OP4.01 meeting EA teams for general 2004 public Group PMO, design, RAP and August 18, Fanchuanpu church OP4.01 meeting EA team for the church 2004 community Group PMO, design, RAP and October 25, Fanchuanpu church OP4.01 meeting EA team for the church 2004 community Second Focused By PMO and EA team Nov 22, Foreign language OP4.01 round interviews for affected residents, 2004 school, Anlan Shrine, church, schools and the church, Wetland industries authority, Linpu village, Taipingyang, Canqian, and Hebian residential areas, commerce school and Jufeng Paper Co. Focused By PMO and EA team Nov.3-5 Wanbian, Shanzhi, OP4.01 interviews for affected residents, 2004 Yangzhi, Wushan, schools, temple Wufeng, Puxiazhou, Oushan, Duyuan villages, Fushan temple, Yixu water plant, Information college Focused Lipu, Shaoqi and OP4.01 interviews for affected residents, Kuiqivillages, Linpu water plant, Group Fanchuanpu church OP4.01 meeting EA Executive Summay 28 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  Table 9-2 Information DisclosureSummary Information Date Locatiodmedia WB policy Notice to the public about June 2004 Fuzhou Evening News OP4.01 the public meetings and locations and contents Project summary and Key August 3, 2004 FuzhouDaily OP4.01 EA information Notice to the public on Nov 15,2004 Fuzhou TV stations OP4.01 second round o fpublic Fuzhou Evening News consultation including locations and contents Advertisement on draft EA Fuzhou Evening News OP4.01 report locations Draft EA report and EMP January 2005 Fuzhou public library OP4.01 Project affected village halls Final EA and EMP (planned) Fuzhoupublic library OP4.01 February, 2005 PMO Project affected village halls 10. Conclusions The Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri-Urban Development Project will play an important role in improving the basic transport infrastructure on the Nantai island, thus further urban and general economic development inthe peri-urban area as well as the standard o f living for the island residents. The upgrading and newly built road will also help reduce traffic congestion inthe city o f Fuzhou particularly the center areas, by attracting and bypassing through traffic which otherwise would have to use the urban roads. The project complies with the Fuzhou Master plan and Fuzhou Transport Master Plan and as such the project roads will contribute to the completion and upgrading o f the city road and transportation network. The project will bring positive impacts or benefits to the environment and communities. From the city wide perspective, air quality i s expected to improve due to the improved motor vehicle operation efficiency and increased average driving speeds. The new and upgraded roads including improved sidewalks and non-motorized vehicle facilities as well as public transportation will provide better services to citizens o f the city and contribute significantly to community development, attracting outside investment, quality o f life o f area residents, convenient outings and getting around in the city. The technical assistance in environmental planning for the transportation sector will help the city in establishing sustainable development approach when making further improvement into its urban transport system into the future. However, construction and operation o f the project will result in a number o f adverse impacts to the physical and socio-economic environment inthe Project areas. Potentially, these impacts include increased dust, noise (day and night time), land occupation, wastewater discharge, vibration, encroachment to cultural relics sites and tree cutting during construction and motor vehicle emissions and deteriorating air quality along project road areas, significantly increased noise levels at sensitive receptors, surface runoff to the river and wetland areas, community severance, and accidental releases of EA Executive Summary 29 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development  hazardous materials from tank trucks to the river. Some o f these impacts can be significant. With the mitigation measures designed specifically to address the above listed adverse impacts, the impacts will be prevented, reduced, minimized or otherwise compensated. Furthermore, an environmental management systems involving environmental management and supervision organizations, environmental monitoring, institutional strengthening and personnel training will be established to ensure the environmental performance o f the Project. With appropriate implementation o f the mitigation measures, as well as the environmental management systems, the adverse impacts will be reduced to acceptable levels. The Project i s environmentally acceptable and feasible when mitigation measures and EMP are implemented effectively. EA Executive Summary 30 Fuzhou Nantai Island Peri- Urban Development