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Dutch Donate WHO X-Ray Machines To Third World SIMAVI, a small private foun- dation in Holland, has insta lled 10 wHo-BRS X-ray machines in hospitals in Africa and Asia from money donated by the Dutch population. The machines are now per- forming reliable X-ray diagnosis for patients in Benin, Came- roan, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. A Dutch manufac- turer of the wHo-BRS, Philips Medical Systems, sold the ma- chines to SIMAVI on specially favourable terms. Philips also gave an eleventh machine free of charge. This machine wi ll be used in an Amsterdam hospital for two years before going to a devel- oping country. All 11 machines are being evaluated by SIMAVI for technical performance, training results, quality, econo- my, and impact on patients and the standard of care. SIMAVI, which supports small medical projects in the Third World, ce lebrated its 60th anniversary in 1986, collecting money for its first five wHo-BRS machines as a specia l jubilee event. The other machines were funded from the founda- tion's annual budgets of about US $1.3 million, which are made up of a yearly public col- lection, gifts from individual do- nors, and donations from small groups such as schoolchildren. Eleven machines may seem only a drop in the bucket in comparison to world needs, say SIMAVI officia ls. But WHO considers that SIMAVI has made a highly significant contri- bution through its placement and eva luation of the machines. and its training activities for doctors and technicians. The WHO-BRS: A simple ma- chine that performs reliably. 30 ...... ....... ... ... ... ..... ...... ..... . .......... . ••••••• ••••••• ••• ••• ••• • ••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• ••••••• ••• ••• ••• • ••••• • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • • • •••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••• ••••••• ••• ••• ••• • •••• ••••••• ••• ••• ••• • •••••• ••• ••• ••••••• ••• ••• ••• • ••••• • •••••••••••••••••••••••••• ... ... ....... ... ... ... ..... . ......................... . ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• • ••••••••••••••• ••• ••• ••••••• ••••••••••• ••••••• ••• • •••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••• ••••••• ••••••••••• ••••••• ••• • ••••••••••••••••••• ••• ••• ••••••• •••••••••• •••••• ••• • ••••••••••••••••• VOLUNTARY COLLE OF ASHTRAYS COLLECTE VOLON. ~I DES CENORIER 11 Smash Hit for wHo" So proclaimed a two-column headline in the Times of London in describing the scene shown here that took place at WHO headquarters on 7 April, World Health Day. "As the world's conscience on health, we have decided to set a small example," Dr Halfdan Mahler, WHO's Director- General said just before smashing an ashtray. That symbolic ceremony signalled the start of a ban on smoking throughout WHO, including the cafeteria, and of WHO becoming - except for a staff room on the top floor - smoke-free. Earlier, a collection of ashtrays had been made and dumped into a wooden box for disposal. In outlawing smoking, WHO cited mounting evidence, including a report from its Internationa l Agency for Research on Cancer, in Lyon, that declared "passive smoking" - exposure to tobacco smoke - harmful to the health of non- smokers. A survey among WHO staff showed more than two- thirds do not smoke. Of six regional offices, five - Aiexandria, Brazzavi lle, Mani la, New Delhi and Washington- have pledged them- selves to smoke-free environments. SI MA VI has also made a spe- cia l point of trying to convince much larger Dutch reli ef organ- izations that the wHo-BRS shou ld be their first choice. In March 1987, the foundation invited government officials, radiologists, radiographers, Dutch NGOs and the press to see the BRS unit for them- selves, presented by the manu- facturer in a standard shipping container and fully operational on solar power. Dr Gerald Hanson, new chief of the Rad iation Medicine unit at WHO headquarters, also talked to the group. • Mortality from CVD in Elderly On the Decline While still accounting for about a half of all deaths in the majority of industrialised coun- tries, mortality from cardiovas- cu lar diseases has been on the decli ne over the past decade. And in many countries the decline has occurred in all age groups, including the "old elderly", that is, those of about the mid-seventies, according to a WHO study of 32 countries. This seems not to be the trend. however, for morbidity (the number of cases), the study also says. Presented at an Internationa l Symposium on Ageing in Mon- treux, Switzerland, the study shows that the decline in mor- tality has been greater among women than men. For all cardiovascular dis- eases, the median decrease, in age-adjusted death rates at age 60, was 19 per cent for females and 13 per cent for males. For ischaemic (coronary) heart diseases alone, the de- crease was 14 per cent and 7 per cent respectively, and for cerebro-vascular diseases (stroke) it was 27 per cent and 23 per cent respectively. The decline in al l cardiovas- cular diseases was "especial ly rapid in Japan, Austra lia, Malta, the United States and Canada," says Kazuo Uemura, Director of WHO's Division of Epidemiologi- ca l Survei llance and Hea lth Situation and Trend Assess- ment. The decline in deaths for all cardiovascular diseases in Japan was 33.1 per cent for males and 33.5 per cent for females from 197 4 to 1984; in Australia, 31 and 32.3 per cent from 1973 to 1983; in Malta, 25.8 and 34 per cent from 1974 to 1984; and in the United States, 25.5 and 27.1 per cent from 1972 to 1982, respect- ively. However, "most East Euro- pean countries have been showing high mortality, and the rate continues to increase," he adds. There is as yet an insufficien- cy of data to allow for a deter- mination of precise trends for morbidity, but what is avai lable, notably from Japan and the United States from surveys of sample households, indicate no decline has occurred which is commensurate with the mortality decline." As a result, according to esti- mates from Japan's Ministry of Health and Welfare, about 40 per cent of the total medical bill W ORLD HEALTH, July 1987 for the elderly goes towards cardiovascu lar diseases. They "continue to impose a great burden to society in gen- era l and to the elderly popula- tion in particular." he concluded "despite some improvements in survivorship." • AIDS: The Safety of Blood and Blood Products Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (H IV) by blood transfusion or blood products has played a relatively minor role in the AIDS epide- mic. Nevertheless. for the few individuals who have actually caught AIDS in this way, as for the many more who depend on regular infusions of clotting fac- tors to control their haemophi- lia. the link between AIDS and blood has been devastating . AIDS places a new respons- ibility on health authorities. transfusion services. blood pro- duct manufacturers. laborato- ries and donors. How can blood and blood products be made really safe for the recipient? What is the best way to screen blood donors? If donated blood is shown to have HIV anti- bodies. what and how should the donor be told ? Should one country buy blood from another ? What manufacturing and screening techniques does WHO recommend, and are they followed? These and other technical and ethica l questions are an- swered in AIDS: The Safety of Blood and Blood Products *. newly published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of WHO. The book contains scientific papers. and discussions that took place at a meeting of over 100 ex- perts, organized by WHO in Geneva in April 1986. "lt is unique in my experi- ence," says Dr John Petriccia- ni, Chief of the WHO Biologicals unit, "to have so many diffe- rent elements represented at one meeting . We had cooper- ation from commercial indus- try, government manufacturing institutions. voluntary organiz- ations. national control auth- orities, blood transfusion ser- vice representatives. and a broad spectrum of biomedical scientists." * Edited by J C. Petricciani. I. D. Gust. P.A. Hoppe and H. W. Kriinen. refer- ence ISB N 0 47 1 91338 3. In Engl ish only. Price US $50/£29.50. To order. write to: Department J K. John Wiley & Sons Limited. Baffi ns Lane, Chichester. West Sussex P019 1UD. Eng la nd. WORLD HEALTH, July 1987 News Briefs • A 'Progress' Report in Human Reproduction. This is the masthead of a quarterly news- letter just out, published by P-Pr--~a ~ WHO's Spec/3/ Programme of ~ ~-- Research, Development & Re- ~---~ .. ~---- search Training in Human Reproduction. In the first issue are reports on intrauterine devices, a vaginal ring developed by WHO. and trials of an anti-fertility vaccine. For a free subscription, clip this item and send to editor. Jitendra Khanna, at the WHO office listed above. • Finland: Twenty-five Years of Work. The Finnish Council for Health Education, which comprises 74 health organizations, this year celebrates its 25th anniversary with a new drive to help people to help themselves in promoting health and preventing disease. Says its Executive Director, Or T uulikki Juuse/a, of the Council: " it aims at furthering healthy habits and supporting people in their efforts to influence the decision-making process for the improve- ment of health. During the last decade, the emphasis has moved from sickness prevention to health promotion. " For further information, write · Finnish Council for Health Education, 150 Roobertinkatu 3 A 21 SF-00120, Helsinki. • Mental Health Succes. Created in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1983, the Association Succes has already proved a success in breaking away from antiquated systems of conveying information to the public about mental health problems. The association encourages exchange of information, fosters both public and private projects in the field of mental health, also covering alcoholism, drug dependence or depression, and supports all such efforts, professional or charitable. • On Wisconsin. In dedicating a day to the goal of "Freedom from Cancer Pain ", the State of Wisconsin has committed itself to a priority of WHO's cancer control programme- the relief of cancer pain. A proclamation issued 6 December 1986 by Governor Anthony S. Earl called upon his state's health organizations " to apply your knowledge, energy and creativity to improving cancer pain man- agement in Wisconsin. " In becoming the first US. state- and thus far the only one- to have taken this step, Wisconsin confirms its leadership role in the alleviation of cancer pain, WHO officials say. • People. Appointed as Director, WHO 's Division of Noncommunic- able Diseases, Or Evgueni Shigan (USSR), formerly head of public health management and health statistics, Central Institute for Advanced Medical Studies, Moscow. He is now responsible for these units: diabetes, rheumatic diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, smoking and health, occupational health, and oral health. • The Top 5,000. The first edition of International Who's Who in Medicine, comprising some 5,000 men and women who have distinguished themselves in the medical sciences, has been published by the International Biographical Centre, Cambridge, UK. The 824-page reference work lists general practitioners, special- ists, dentists and nurses, as well as pharmacologists, adminis- trators, teaching staff, plus personalities in public health, and in research. To order write: Me/rose Press Limited, 3 Regal Lane, Soham, Ely CB7 5BA. UK, price £95, or US $7 50. In the next issue Ten years ago- on 26 October 1977- the world 's last endemic case of smallpox was located in Somalia . The patient, 23-year-old hospita l cook Ali Maow Maalin, made a complete recovery. The August-September issue of World Health marks this Tenth Anniversary w ith an overview of WHO's unique achievement in eradicating smallpox and rid- ding our planet of a mi llennia-long scourge . Authors of the Month The Honourable R. PREMADASA is Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, and Mr Manik de SILVA is Editor of the Colombo Daily News. Mr Robert E . NoviCK is Re- sponsible . Officer for WHO's programme on Environmental Health in Rural and Urban De- velopment and Housing. Mr E. A. R. 0UANO is a consult- ing engineer based in the Philip- pines. Miss Annick BILLARD is one' of the Editors-in-Chief of Refu- gees, the illustrated magazine of the Geneva-based UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Dr Morris SCHAEFER is Profes- sor Emeritus of Health Policy and Administration at the Uni- versity of North Carolina School of Public Health, USA. Dr Kwasi ADARKWA is with the Department of Planning at the University of Science and Tech- nology, Kumasi, Ghana. Professor Yuri GUBERNSKI and Dr Nikolai LITVINOV work at the Soviet Union's General and Municipal Hygiene Research In- stitute in Moscow. Professor 'Jorge E. HARt>o'Y is Director of the Human Settle- ments Programme of the Inter- national Institute for Environ- ment and Development in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Dr Paul TAYLOR is Director of the Blair Research Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Zimbabwe. WORLD HEALTH For readers everywhere 1987 Subscription Rates US$ Sw. fr. One year Two years Three years 14.~ 25.~ 24.75 45.- 33.~ 60.- ORDER FORM Please enter my subscription to "World Health" as follows: One year D Two years D Three years 0 I enclose cheque/international postal order ip the amount of: _ Name: ________________ _ Street : ---------------- City: ________ _ Country: ____ ___ _ World Health, WHO, Avenue Appia, 121 1 Geneva 27. Switzerland World Health is also distributed through the network of international bookstores and subscription agencies. For payment in national currencies. please contact your usual bookseller. 31