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WHO presence in countries, territories and areas: 2017 report

16 mai 2017 Organisation mondiale de la santé

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WHO Presence in countries, territories and areas 2017 Report

WHO/CCU/17.04

WHO Presence in countries, territories and areas

2017 Report

WHO/CCU/17.04

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CONTENTS Executive summary Introduction 1 4 7 8 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 26 26 29 30 32 33 33 34 35 36 36

1. Who we are 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 1.1.4 1.1.5 1.1.6 1.1.7 1.1.8 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.9 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 World Health Organization Governance The secretariat structure Headquarters Regional offices WHO country offices WHO offices covering more than one country, territory or area Countries and areas covered by WHO regional offices Suboffices in countries People WHO country office leadership Gender distribution of HWOs Age and retirement of HWOs Region of origin of HWOs Length of service of HWOs as a WHO staff member and as an HWO WHO workforce in countries, territories and areas WHO country-level staffing situation Sex distribution of WHO staff at the country level Non-staff contractor support at WHO country offices Place Location of WHO country offices Physical accessibility of WHO country offices Telecommunication and information-sharing facilities

2. What we do 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 Country Cooperation Strategy Joint WHO and government monitoring mechanisms WHO country office support to the government through non-health ministries and departments Mainstreaming Sustainable Development Goals Integrating Sustainable Development Goals into the country cooperation strategies WHO support in health emergencies Grading of health emergencies WHO country office support in emergencies

iii

3. How we do it 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 Technical backstopping Funding WHO work at the country level Availability of money at the country level Distribution of base funds by programmatic priorities and operations Sources of funding for WHO country-level work Distribution and expenditure of planned funds at the country level

39 40 43 43 44 45 45 47 48 49 50 50 51 51 52 53 53 53 54 56 56 58 59 60 60 61 62 64 65 67 83

4. Who we work with 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.2 4.2.1 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.7 WHO engagement with government Contributing to national health policies, strategies and plans Supporting health sector coordination Participation in joint annual health sector reviews Mobilizing resources for health Collaboration with the United Nations System WHO and United Nations country teams Coordinating actions at the country level WHO participation in joint national or United Nations steering committees United Nations Development Assistance Framework WHO participation in the thematic groups of United Nations country teams WHO participation in resource mobilization activities by United Nations country teams WHO participation in harmonized United Nations operations and opportunities United Nations resident coordinator system WHO participation in joint activities of the United Nations resident coordinator office Integrated strategic frameworks Delivering as ONE WHO country-level engagement with global health initiatives WHO and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria WHO and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance South-South and triangular cooperation

5. What are the results of our work ANNEXES Annex 1 List of WHO Member States and Associate Member States Annex 2 WHO offices in countries, territories and areas Annex 3 Number and categories of staff members working in WHO offices in countries, territories and areas Annex 4 Annex 5 Global Fund grants in which WHO is a subrecipient List of countries eligible for Gavi support

84 86 90 97 98 99

Annex 6 Planned costs and available funds for WHO’s work in countries, territories and areas

Executive summary

Executive summary The 2017 country presence report was prepared in response to the request made to the WHO Director-General and the regional directors by the 69th session of the World Health Assembly to provide a biennial report on WHO country presence for review by the regional committees and as an information document for the World Health Assembly. The 2017 report is divided into five sections: (1) who we are as an organization: staff and infrastructure in countries, territories and areas; (2) what we do to support Member States: providing technical support; (3) how we do our work at the country level: technical backstopping and financial resources; (4) who we work with: partners at the country level; and (5) what are the results of our work: selected achievements in countries, territories and areas. The information contained in this report was obtained through an online country presence survey administered to all 148 heads of WHO offices (HWOs) in 2016, the WHO Global Management System and other internal and external sources.

Who we are: World Health Organization, the people and the infrastructure in countries, territories and areas WHO has 148 offices in countries, territories and areas, six regional offices and headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland to support its 194 Member States and two Associate Member States. WHO has 139 suboffices across 28 countries in six regions: 78 in the African Region, nine in the Region of the Americas, 36 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, five in the European Region, nine in the South-East Asia Region and two in the Western Pacific Region. Since 2014, the number of suboffices has declined from 152 to 139. As of February 2017, WHO had 129 full-time and 19 acting HWOs in countries, territories and areas. Since 2012, the overall global sex ratio of HWOs has remained more or less the same at 2 men to 1 woman. The number of HWOs appointed from a region different than that of their nationality has increased over the years. Between the issuing of the 2010 and 2017 country presence reports, the proportion of HWOs working outside their region of nationality increased from 18% to 25%. As of 31 December 2016, WHO had 4009 staff members at the country level, an increase of 11% compared with 2015. Nineteen per cent of the staff members were international professional officers, 28% were national professional officers and 53% were general service staff. Between the 2010 and 2017 reports, the number of international professional officers has increased by 8% and the number of national professional and general staff members has declined by 3%. The number of non-staff contractors at the country level has declined by 14% compared with the 2015 report because of the transitioning of polio eradication activities in several countries.

What we do: supporting the Member States A total of 105 countries, territories and areas in which WHO is physically present (71%) reported having an upto-date national health policy, strategy or plan. Among the 148 countries, territories or areas in which WHO has an office, 109 reported the existence of, or undertaking work on, country cooperation strategies. Of these 109, 63 reported having a valid country cooperation strategy. The proportion of countries, territories and areas with valid country cooperation strategies has declined by 15 percentage points compared with the figure in the 2015 country presence report because of the ongoing process in many countries of renewing their strategies so that they are aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. In 46 countries, territories or areas country cooperation strategies were reported to be under development or being finalized.

Executive summary

Eighty-three per cent of countries (versus 77% in 2015) are using joint WHO and government mechanisms to enhance implementation, monitoring and reporting on WHO technical cooperation. Increasingly, WHO country offices are also enhancing collaboration work with non-health ministries to promote multisectoral approaches to health, as reported by 75% of these offices, reflecting enhanced needs for implementing Sustainable Development Goals. Sixty countries with a WHO country office (41%) reported that their national health policy, strategy or plan reflects health-related Sustainable Development Goals and 43% reported that this is in process.

How we do our work at the country level Almost two thirds (64%) of the technical backstopping missions in 2015–2016 were by staff members from regional offices, 27% from WHO headquarters and 9% by joint regional and headquarters teams. The country offices initiated most of these missions. These missions were to provide support on communicable diseases (33%), health systems including universal health coverage (20%), noncommunicable diseases (16%), health emergencies (14%), health throughout the life-course (13%) and other areas (4%). As at end-2016, the total money available to support WHO’s work in countries, territories and areas was US$ 2.0646 billion. This represents 84% of the total planned costs for the 2016–2017 biennium, an 11% increase compared with 2014–2015. Of the total funds made available, base programmes received 41%, whereas polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes (combined) received 59% of the money. Assessed contributions provided 16% of the total funding for WHO country-level work and from voluntary contributions 84%. Over the last three bienniums, the distribution between assessed contributions and voluntary contributions has remained reasonably consistent.

Who we work with: partnerships at the country level Of the 113 WHO offices reporting participation in coordinating mechanisms for health sector partners at the country level (76%), WHO staff members chaired or co-chaired in 60 (53%) and participated in such mechanisms in the other 53 (47%). The number of countries, territories and areas in which WHO has a leadership role in coordinating the health sector has increased by 5 percentage points between 2015 and 2017, suggesting a growing role of WHO in coordinating health development partners at the country level. WHO country offices participated in 84 joint annual health sector reviews, including those in IHP+ countries, with governments and partners reflecting an increase of 7 percentage points compared with the 2015 country presence report. A total of 117 WHO offices in countries, territories and areas (79%) reported being involved in mobilizing resources for health. Eighty-three per cent of the country offices mobilized less than US$ 500 000, and only 17% exceeded US$ 1 million. This requires increasing investment in the WHO country offices to strengthen in-country capacity to further mobilize resources, since most funds from major donors have been decentralized to the country level. In 43 grants of Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, the WHO country office act as subrecipients. WHO is represented in the country coordinating mechanism in 84 countries, territories and areas. WHO country teams reported contributing to the access, implementation and delivery of grants from the Gavi Alliance in 73 countries, territories and areas (49%). This engagement has declined by 9 percentage points compared with 2015 because of a reduction in the number of Gavi-eligible countries and/or countries phasing out Gavi support. WHO office staff members in countries, territories and areas increasingly contribute to the United Nations country team activities. Country offices reported this participation, including HWOs acting as resident coordinator (64%); participation in at least one common United Nations service (70%); and joint resource mobilization (51%). WHO country staff members actively contribute to interagency thematic groups to promote coordination among United Nations organizations at the country level (67% in 2015 to 92% in 2017). In 98 countries, territories and areas WHO provides leadership by chairing or co-chairing health thematic groups. WHO teams led health clusters in 20 of the 23 countries in which a health cluster was activated.

Executive summary

A total of 126 countries, territories and areas in which WHO has an office have a United Nations development assistance framework (UNDAF). In 125 of these where the UNDAF has a health component (98%, an increase of 7 percentage points compared to the figure in the 2015 report), WHO country teams played a leadership role in developing this component. In 54 countries, WHO offices reported participation in the Operating as One pillar of the Delivering as One initiative. Of 31 countries with an integrated strategic framework, WHO country offices have participated in the developing and implementation process in 28 countries. This report also presents some achievements in countries in various regions reflecting the WHO contribution. However, a detailed report on achievements will be presented in a separate report to the World Health Assembly.

Introduction

Introduction WHO country presence WHO’s country presence is the platform for effective cooperation with countries for advancing the global agenda, contributing to national health policies, strategies and plans and bringing country priorities into global policies and priorities. It refers to the work of the WHO Secretariat as a whole, carried out through (1) a physical WHO presence through the action of the 148 WHO country offices and decentralized suboffices, (2) WHO’s normative work, involving setting norms and standards and (3) the coordinated support from other levels of the Secretariat through technical backstopping from the regional and headquarters levels, including technical support, capacity-building, programme management and coordination for country support. WHO’s technical cooperation with countries where it has physical presence is based on the strategic priorities of the country cooperation strategies, which inform the implementation of the 12th General Programme of Work, and, in countries, the biennial programme budget as well as work plan. In addition, where the country cooperation strategy has been developed, its priorities support countries’ implementation of their national health policy, strategy and plans as well as WHO’s General Programme of Work. WHO also cooperates with countries in which the Organization is not physically present. Such cooperation includes normative, upstream policy advice on implementing agreements and conventions agreed by the Governing Bodies and by WHO offices at the subregional, regional and headquarters level.

Purpose and scope of the 2017 country presence report The 69th session of the World Health Assembly requested the Director-General and the regional directors to provide the biennial WHO country presence report for review by the regional committees and as an information document for the World Health Assembly through the Executive Board and its Programme, Budget and Administration Committee. This country presence report is a biennial document produced by the Department of Country Cooperation and Collaboration with the United Nations System, the Country Support Unit Network in all six regional offices and the heads of WHO offices in countries, territories and areas (HWOs). The report is used for information purposes across WHO, with particular relevance for Member States and WHO senior management as well as a range of partners including United Nations agencies. While outlining how WHO supports Member States, the report especially focuses on the countries in which WHO is physically present. The 2017 report complements other relevant WHO reports and information. This report provides data on the functioning of all WHO offices in countries, territories and areas. It also aims to capture a wide range of relevant information to give a snapshot of WHO’s work in countries. The report is themed around people, places, performance and partnership, four main elements of WHO country presence. The country presence report is not meant to review country performance in implementing a country’s work plan; this is normally reported in the reports on programme budget assessment. Rather, it can act as a data source to contribute to future analysis related to strengthening WHO’s performance at the country level.

Introduction

Methods for collecting data, analysing and drafting The information contained in this report was obtained through: • an online country presence survey administered to all 148 HWOs in 2016; • WHO’s Global Management System (information on human resources and finance) and the database of the Department of Country Cooperation and United Nations Collaboration on the HWOs; and • external sources of data on engagement in global health initiatives. The data were collected through a cross-sectional quantitative global survey administered to all WHO offices in countries, territories and areas. This comprehensive survey conducted in 2016 was based on a set of variables to inform the 2017 report developed in collaboration with the regional Country Support Unit Network. The survey was pretested and refined based on feedback from the Country Support Unit Network and a small group of HWOs. It included about 100 primarily quantitative multiple-choice questions with fewer open-ended questions. Unless indicated otherwise, respondents were asked to provide information about their country office as of 31 October 2016. Using these questions, an online survey instrument was developed using DataForm. The survey questions were also translated into French and Spanish, enabling HWOs to complete the survey in their preferred language. The survey was administered to all the 148 HWOs in the six regions, with a 100% response rate.

Structure of the report The 2017 report is divided into following sections: (1) who we are: WHO, people and places – infrastructure at the country level); (2) what we do: WHO country-level support to countries, territories and areas; (3) how we do it: technical backstopping and funding; (4) who we work with: partners and United Nations collaboration; and (5) what are the main results and achievements of supporting WHO work in countries. The report maintains a structure and scope similar to that of the 2015 report. However, it also provides additional information on key areas such as WHO support for health emergencies and country-level efforts towards achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals. The report, as a first attempt, endeavours to present success stories from the regions to highlight the work of WHO country teams.

Limitations of the report The regions and various WHO departments at headquarters reviewed the information provided in this report. Care has been taken to ensure the quality and consistency of the data. However, the data collection, analysis and writing process had a few limitations. The respective HWOs self-reported the survey responses. There was no mechanism for verifying the data reported, except for human and financial resources data, which were validated using WHO’s Global Management System. In some cases, this may have led to a few discrepancies in data that could not be fully explained. Further, although the survey instrument was administered with a set of detailed instructions and a glossary of terms, there is no guarantee that the HWOs consistently used or uniformly interpreted the instructions and terms in responding to the survey.

1. Who we are World Health Organization: PEOPLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE

Who we are

1.1 World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations and acts as the directing and coordinating authority on international health. It was established in 1948 and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. WHO’s Constitution came into force on 7 April 1948 – a date now celebrated every year as World Health Day. WHO fulfils its role in public health through its core functions: • providing leadership on matters critical to health and engaging in partnerships in which joint action is needed; • shaping the research agenda and stimulating the generation, translation and dissemination of valuable knowledge; • setting norms and standards and promoting and monitoring their implementation; • articulating ethical and evidence-informed policy options; • providing technical support, catalysing change and building sustainable institutional capacity; and • monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.

1.1.1 Governance The World Health Assembly is WHO’s the supreme decision-making body. Its main function is to determine the policies of the Organization. The World Health Assembly appoints the Director-General, supervises the financial policies of the Organization and reviews and approves the proposed programme budget. It similarly considers reports of the Executive Board, which it instructs regarding matters that may require further action, study, investigation or reporting. The Executive Board effects the decisions and policies of the World Health Assembly, advises it and generally facilitates its work.

Who we are

1.1.2 The Secretariat structure The WHO Secretariat, headed by the Director-General, mainly comprises 148 offices in countries, territories and areas, six regional offices and headquarters. It is governed by its 194 Member States, represented in the World Health Assembly and two Associate Member States (Puerto Rico and Tokelau). Annex 1 lists the Member States and Associate Member States.

1.1.3 Headquarters WHO headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland, with three outpost offices: • the Global Service Centre based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, which houses the administrative services of the Secretariat; • the WHO Office at the United Nations located in New York, which represents the interest of WHO at the United Nations; and • the WHO Centre for Health Development based in Kobe, Japan, which conducts research on the consequences of social, economic and environmental change and their implications for health policies. In addition to these outpost offices, WHO has offices in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bangkok, Thailand; and Brussels, Belgium. These offices are managed, respectively, by the WHO Regional Office for Africa, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia and WHO Regional Office for Europe.

9 9

Who we are

1.1.4 Regional offices WHO Member States are grouped into six regions: the African Region, Region of the Americas, South-East Asia Region, European Region, Eastern Mediterranean Region and Western Pacific Region. Each region has a regional office covering specific Member States. Regional offices also maintain subregional offices.

Table 01 WHO regional office, location and Member States covered Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Regional Office Regional Office for Africa Regional Office for the Americas Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office for Europe Regional Office for South-East Asia Regional Office for the Western Pacific

Location Brazzaville, Congo Washington, DC, USA Cairo, Egypt Copenhagen, Denmark New Delhi, India Manila, Philippines

Number of Member States covered 47 35 1 21 53 11 27 2 194

1 2

The Region of the Americas also covers 17 territories. The Western Pacific Region also covers 10 areas.

Who we are

1.1.5 WHO country offices To effectively support Member States, WHO has developed one of the largest in-country networks of offices among the United Nations agencies. WHO has 148 offices in countries, territories and areas. These offices, well equipped with infrastructure and human resources, are the backbone of organizational support to the Member States. Annex 2 lists all WHO offices worldwide. Country offices provide a platform to WHO for effective cooperation with Member States for advancing the global health agenda, contributing to national health policies, strategies and plans and ensuring that global policies and priorities reflect country priorities and realities. WHO presence is ensured through: • a WHO country office and suboffices within the same country; • WHO country offices covering more than one country; and • a WHO regional office covering countries and areas.

Table 02 Roles and functions of a WHO country office WHO core functions Providing technical support and building capacity

Country office roles and functions Lead the development of a country cooperation strategy and its implementation Lead and manage the provision and brokering of technical cooperation Lead in implementing and monitoring international commitments, conventions and legal instruments Lead emergency response and action during crises and emergencies

Providing leadership

Advocate for health in all policies and promote dialogue for intersectoral and multistakeholder collaboration Lead WHO’s United Nations interagency work in integrating national health priorities into the development agenda and the United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) Lead the convening and coordination of the health response in emergencies Lead in strengthening country capacity in health diplomacy for better engagement in national and international processes and global health governance

Setting norms and standards Shaping the research agenda

Support countries in adapting and implementing guidelines, tools and methods Contribute to setting global norms and standards by providing evidence from countries Promote research and strengthen research capacity in countries Support and, when appropriate, conduct operational research and ensure the use of results Contribute to the body of knowledge on best practices

Articulating policy options Monitoring and health trends

Lead health policy dialogue and provide policy advice to national counterparts and partners Promote the engagement of countries in setting regional and global policies and strategies Lead WHO’s work in monitoring and evaluating national policies and programmes

Who we are

Of the 148 WHO offices, 146 are in countries and two field offices are in territories and areas: the WHO Office in Pristina and the WHO Office for the West Bank and Gaza Strip.

Table 03 Number of WHO offices across regions WHO offices Regions In regions African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total Brazzaville, Congo Washington, DC, USA Cairo, Egypt Copenhagen, Denmark New Delhi, India Manila, Philippines

In countries 47 27 3 17 29 11 15 146

In territories and areas

1 (West Bank and Gaza Strip) 1 (Pristina)

1.1.6 WHO offices covering more than one country, territory or area Some WHO country offices provide support for WHO’s activities in locations outside the boundaries of the countries in which they are located. The following table shows the WHO offices that provide support to more than one country, territory or area.

Table 04 WHO country offices covering more than one country, territory or area Region African Region Region of the Americas

WHO office Madagascar (based in Antananarivo) Bahamas (based in Nassau, New Providence) PAHO/WHO Office of the Eastern Caribbean Coordination (based in Bridgetown, Barbados) Jamaica (Kingston, Jamaica) Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) (based in Caracas)

Additional countries, territories and areas covered Réunion Island (French Overseas Department) Turks and Caicos Islands Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Montserrat, Grenada, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Saint Kitts and Nevis and the French departments in the Caribbean (Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana and French Saint Martin) Bermuda and Cayman Islands Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten and the special municipalities of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in the Caribbean (Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius) Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia and Singapore Samoa, American Samoa (United States of America), Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau (New Zealand) Fiji, French Polynesia (France), Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (United States of America), New Caledonia (France), New Zealand, Nauru, Palau, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Wallis and Futuna (France) and Pitcairn Islands (United Kingdom) Kiribati, Northern Micronesia, Tonga, Vanuatu

Western Pacific Region

Malaysia (based in Kuala Lumpur) Samoa (based in Apia) Division of Pacific Technical Support / WHO Representative Office in the South Pacific (Suva, Fiji)

Northern Micronesia (Country Liaison Office based in Palikir, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia)

Marshall Islands, Palau

Compared with the 2015 country presence report, the Office of the Caribbean Program Coordination has been deleted from the list of WHO country offices in this report since it serves as a subregional office and not a country office.

Who we are

In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, because of ongoing emergencies in several Member States, WHO offices in some countries provide logistic and operational support to neighbouring or nearby countries. For example, the WHO Country Office in Afghanistan has a liaison office in Pakistan (Islamabad); the WHO Country Office in Somalia has one liaison office in Kenya (Nairobi); and the WHO Country Office in Yemen has a liaison office in Djibouti (Djibouti) and another in Jordan (Amman).

1.1.7 Countries and areas covered by WHO regional offices WHO does not have a physical presence in all 194 Member States. In 37 Member States, Associate Member States and areas (Table 5), there is no WHO office nor are they covered by other WHO offices from neighbouring countries. Instead, the respective regional offices and headquarters directly provide technical and normative support for these countries and areas.

Table 05 WHO Member States, Associate Member States and areas without WHO offices Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region

Member States, Associate Member States and areas Canada, United States of America and Puerto Rico (Associate Member State) Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom Australia, Guam (United States of America), Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (China), Japan, Macao Special Administrative Region (China) and Republic of Korea

Western Pacific Region

1.1.8 Suboffices in countries In some countries, suboffices are established as subsidiaries of a country office to provide support for implementing field activities to a programme or to facilitate effective coverage of WHO activities in geographically large countries, countries facing complex emergencies or countries affected by polio outbreaks. A suboffice is normally located at the subnational level and led by a senior staff member who reports to the HWO. HWOs usually delegate these officers authority to effectively execute their responsibilities in accordance with the WHO mandate and under the rules and regulations of the Organization. Across the six regions, WHO has 139 suboffices in 28 countries. Table 6 shows the distribution of these suboffices by WHO region. WHO has 78 suboffices in the African Region, nine in the Region of the Americas, 36 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, five in the European Region, nine in the South-East Asia Region and two in the Western Pacific Region. Since 2014, the number of suboffices has declined from 152 to 139. The suboffices closed were in the Region of the Americas (8), the European Region (4) and the Western Pacific Region (5). In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, the number of suboffices increased from 32 in 2014 to 36 in 2016 because of complex emergencies in some countries in the Region.

Who we are

Table 06 Number and location of WHO suboffices in countries by WHO region Region African Region

Country, territory or area Nigeria Democratic Republic of the Congo South Sudan Chad United Republic of Tanzania Central African Republic Guinea Uganda Ghana Kenya

Number of suboffices 37

Locations of WHO suboffices In each of the 37 states, including the Federal Capital Territory in Abuja Kinshaha, Matadi, Bandundu ville, Kananga, Mbuju Mayi, Lubumbashi, Bukavu, Goma, Kindu, Kinsagani and Mbandaka In all the capitals of the 10 states that constitute the country Abeche, Sarh, Moundou, Mongo, Mao and Ndjamena Zanzibar, Tanga, Dodoma, Mwanza and Iringa Bambari, Kagabandoro and Bouar Nzérékoré and Guéckédou Gulu and Moroto Tamale Garissa (serving the North Eastern Province) Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Anguilla San Marcos Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas Jalalabad, Gardez, Herat, Kandahar, Bamyan, Kunduz, Balkh and Badakhshn El-Fasher, Nyala, Geneina, Kassala, Kadugli and Damazine Erbil, Dohuk, Sulaimaniyah, Basrah and Baghdad (within the Ministry of Health) Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar and Quetta Ramallah, Gaza Qamishly, Aleppo, Homs and Latakia Aden, Al Hodeida, Ibb (serving Ibb and Taiz) and Sadaa Mogadishu (serving South Central Somalia), Hargeisa (serving Somaliland) and Garowe (serving Putland) Donetsk, Luhansk and Severodonetsk Banja Luka Gaziantep In all seven regional hubs in the country Jakarta Davao City Ho Chi Minh City

10 6 5 3 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 8 6 5 4 2 4 4 3 3 1 1 7 2 1 1

Region of the Americas

Barbados Guatemala Mexico

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Afghanistan Sudan Iraq Pakistan West Bank and Gaza Strip Syrian Arab Republic Yemen Somalia

European Region

Ukraine Bosnia and Herzegovina Turkey

South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

India Indonesia Philippines Viet Nam 28

139

Who we are

1.2 People 1.2.1 WHO country office leadership A country, territory or area office is usually headed by an HWO. Different regions use different terms (Table 7) to refer to the position, but the roles and functions of the position have been standardized across the WHO. The designations included in this report under the term HWO include: WHO representative; PAHO/WHO representative; head of country office; liaison officer; country liaison officer; and head of office. An HWO represents the Director-General and the respective regional director in the country of assignment and is the responsible officer for all aspects of the collaborative activities of WHO. The roles and functions of an HWO include: • convening, representation, partnership and advocacy; • technical cooperation, policy advice and dialogue; and • administration and management. In February 2017, 129 HWOs and 19 acting 4 HWOs represented WHO across the world. Table 7 shows the distribution of HWOs by WHO region.

Table 07 HWOs in countries, territories, areas and other WHO offices by WHO region (excluding acting HWOs) HWOs in countries, territories and areas Regions WHO representative or head of country office – –

WHO representative 40 –

PAHO/WHO representative – 26

Total Other

Comments

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region 5 European Region South-East Asia Region

– –

40 26 “Other” refers to the Head of the WHO Office in the West Bank and Gaza Strip “Other” refers to the Head of the WHO Office in Pristina

10 “Others” refers to the Country Liaison Officers in Kiribati, Tonga and Vanuatu, all of whom are internationally recruited staff members

Western Pacific Region

Total

129

The 19 countries, territories and areas with acting HWOs in February 2017 were: Benin, Bhutan, Equatorial Guinea, Honduras, Hungary, Lebanon, Namibia, Northern Micronesia, Oman, Pakistan, Romania, Russian Federation, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Slovenia, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania and Yemen. 5 The desk officers for Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates based at the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean in Cairo, Egypt are not considered HWOs. 4

Who we are

Between 2015 and 2017, the percentage of acting HWOs has remained about the same: 13% in 2017 versus 12% in 2015. This trend reflects a gap in timely recruitment of HWOs and weak succession planning. Fig. 1 compares the number of acting HWOs in six regions between 2015 and 2017.

Fig. 01 Number of acting HWOs by WHO region, 2015 and 2017 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region 2015 2017

Who we are

1.2.2 Gender distribution of HWO s WHO is committed to advancing gender equality in its workforce as part of its policy. However, since 2012, the overall global male-to-female ratio of HWOs has remained more or less the same (2:1). In 2017, 34% of the HWOs are women, representing a decline of 2 percentage points compared with the 2015 country presence report (36%). Among regions, the South-East Asia Region has the most marked discrepancy with a male-to-female ratio of 9:1, followed by the Western Pacific Region at 3.7:1, the African Region at 3.4:1, the Eastern Mediterranean Region at 3.3:1 and the Region of Americas at 1.4:1. The European Region has more women HWOs than men (1.6:1). Increasing the number of women HWOs requires special and concerted efforts as agreed by the WHO Global Policy Group (Table 8 and Fig. 2).

Table 08 Sex distribution (%) of HWOs by WHO region (excluding acting HWOs) Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Total 40 26 13 26 10 14 129

MEn 31 15 10 10 9 11 86

Women 9 11 3 16 1 3 43

% of women HWOs 23 42 23 62 10 21 33

Fig. 02 Percentage of women HWOs, 2010–2017 (excluding acting HWOs) 34.5 34 33.5 33 32.5 32 31.5 31 30.5 30 29.5 2010 2012 2015 2017 Global

Who we are

1.2.3 Age and retirement of HWO s Among the HWOs, 40 are 56–60 years old. The youngest HWO is 40 years old (European Region) and the oldest 63 years: one each from the African Region, the Region of the Americas and the Western Pacific Region (Fig. 3).

Fig. 03 Age distribution of HWOs by WHO region (excluding acting HWOs) 60

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region

European Region South-East Asia Region

Western Pacific Region Total

00 36–40 41–45 46–50 51–55 56–60 61–62 63–65

The average age of HWOs in the European Region is substantially lower than in the other regions because most HWOs are national professional officers in this Region. All other regions show a similar peak in the age group 56–60 years. WHO has a mandatory retirement age of between 62 and 65 years, depending on the date of entry into service. Eleven HWOs will retire every year from 2017 onwards on average. By 2023, 60% of the current HWOs will have retired. By 2023, 73% of the current HWOs will have retired in the Region of the Americas, followed by 70% in the African Region, 60% in the South-East Asia Region, 54% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 50% in the Western Pacific Region and 38% in the European Region.

Who we are

1.2.4 Region of origin of HWO s In 2012, the Director-General, in consultation with the WHO Global Policy Group, decided that at least 30% of HWOs should come from outside their WHO region of origin, to promote regional diversity. Over the years, an increasing number of HWOs are being appointed in a WHO region different than that of their nationality. Between 2010 and 2017, the proportion of HWOs working outside their region of nationality increased from 18% to 25% (Fig. 4). In the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 62% of HWOs are from other WHO regions, followed by the South-East Asia Region (60%), Western Pacific Region (57%), Region of the Americas (27%) and the African Region (8%). No HWO in the European Region comes from another WHO region. The low proportion of HWOs from another region than their nationality shows that the WHO Global Policy Group decision on regional diversity has still not been fully implemented, and efforts are needed to meet the target of 30% of HWOs coming from outside their region of origin.

Fig. 04 Number of HWOs serving in their region of origin (nationality) (excluding acting HWOs)

6 5 37 African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region

Western Pacific Region

Who we are

1.2.5 Length of service of HWO s as a WHO staff member and as an HWO HWOs are selected through a competitive process. They are normally senior staff members who have worked for WHO for some time and should have minimum of 10 years of professional service experience at the national and international levels. Forty per cent of HWOs have served WHO for 11–15 years followed by 23% for 16–20 years and 16% for 21–25 years. Table 9 provides details of HWOs according to the length of their service as WHO staff members.

Table 09 Number of HWOs by years of service as WHO staff members by WHO Region (excluding acting HWOs) years of service: African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

<5 2 2 2 3 2 0 11

6 –10 4 3 0 3 1 2 13

11 –15 17 7 6 16 1 4 51

16 – 20 14 4 3 1 3 5 30

21 – 25 3 7 2 3 3 3 21

> 26 0 3 0 0 0 0 3

Total 40 26 13 26 10 14 129

The length of service as an HWO includes the total number of years served in the current duty station and years served as an HWO previously at a different duty station. The highest percentage (40%) of HWOs have 1–3 years of service as an HWO followed by 30% in their first year, 20% 4–6 years and the remainder more than 7 years.

Who we are

1.2.6 WHO workforce in countries, territories and areas WHO has a highly skilled, diverse and efficient workforce among the United Nations agencies at the country level. The organizational and staffing pattern of WHO country offices is based on core staff members and non-staff contractors. WHO has three key categories of staff members at the country level: professionals who are internationally recruited, national professional officers and general staff members who are recruited locally for both fixed or short-term positions, as defined in Box 1. Country offices hire non-staff contractors to implement programme-specific and time-limited activities.

Box 01 Categories of personnel working in WHO country offices The WHO workforce includes staff members and non-staff members. A staff member is appointed by the Director-General and is other than a consultant, a holder of an agreement for performance of work or a person engaged under a special service agreement. It also means a person engaged by the Director-General other than those engaged specifically for a conference or a meeting, for auxiliary services or for maintenance duties in country offices or a casual labourer. WHO’s Staff Regulations and Staff Rules only apply to staff members on continuing, fixed-term and temporary appointments. WHO’s Staff Regulations and Staff Rules and the relevant provisions of the eManual govern the conditions of service of staff members. The status of non-staff members differs from that of international civil servants, and their rights and obligations also therefore differ. Staff members may be classified into several categories: • International professional officers are recruited internationally in accordance with WHO Staff Rules and are subject to being assigned to any official station outside their home country. They are staff members of WHO and are subject to the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules. They perform functions of a professional nature requiring global knowledge, expertise and experience of an international dimension. • National professional officers, who are nationals of the country in which they are to serve, are recruited locally and are not subject to assignment to any official station outside the home country. They are staff members of WHO and are subject to the Staff Regulations and Staff Rules, except as otherwise stated herein. They perform functions of a professional nature requiring local knowledge, expertise and experience of a national dimension. • General service staff members perform clerical, custodial and subprofessional tasks in accordance with Staff Rule 1310. All positions in the general service category are subject to local recruitment and must be filled, as far as possible, by people recruited in the local commuting area of each office.

Who we are

1.2.7 WHO country-level staffing situation Globally, by 31 December 2016, WHO had 4009 staff members at the country level spread across six regions (Table 10). The country-level staff members of WHO represented more than 170 nationalities. The number of WHO staff members at the country level has increased from 3614 in 2015, an 11% increase.

Table 10 Distribution of WHO country office staff members by WHO region (number and percentage) Regions African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region 6 South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Number of staff members 2095 343 598 193 433 347 4009

Percentage of staff members 52 8 15 5 11 9

Of the 4009 staff members at the country level, 19% are international professionals, 28% national professionals and 53% general staff members. Table 11 provides the distribution of staff members by WHO region. The African Region employs 52% of all WHO country-level staff members worldwide, having 47 country offices, 32% of the total WHO offices. The Region of the Americas has the largest percentage of international professionals (44%) followed by the Western Pacific Region (27%), Eastern Mediterranean Region (22%), South-East Asia Region (19%), European Region (18%) and African Region (13%).

Table 11 Number of professional and general staff members at WHO country offices by WHO region Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

D1 ( director level ) 13 1 2 0 2 3 21

International professional 257 149 129 34 82 92 743

National professional 640 78 124 71 117 80 1110

General staff 1185 115 343 88 232 172 2135

This includes five staff members in the project office in Moscow, Russian Federation, which is to be changed to a geographically dispersed office.

Who we are

The number of international professional officers at country level has increased by 8% between 2010 and 2017 and national professional and general staff members have declined by 3% (Table 12).

Table 12 Percentage of WHO country office staff members by category, 2010 and 2017 Year 2010 11 31 56

Staff category International professional officers National professional officers General service staff

2017 19 28 53

1.2.8 Sex distribution of WHO staff at the country level Among the total 4009 WHO staff members at the country level, 64% are men and 36% women, reflecting a maleto-female ratio of 1.8:1. Among professional staff members, 65% are men versus 35% women. Table 13 provides the sex distribution of professional staff members at WHO country offices by WHO region.

Table 13 Number of men and women professional staff members and ratio by WHO region Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Male 651 117 185 48 125 95 1221

Female 259 111 70 57 76 80 653

Ratio 2.5:1 1:1 2.6:1 1:1.2 1.6:1 1.2:1 1.9:1

Who we are

1.2.9 Non-staff contractor support at WHO country offices WHO country offices hire non-staff contractors for specific functions such as polio eradication and emergencies. The status of non-staff contractors differs from that of international civil servants or national professionals. Globally, WHO country offices reported 4631 non-staff contractors in countries, territories and areas. Forty four percent of these non-staff contractors worked in the African Region, 34% in South East Asia Region, 8% in Eastern Mediterranean, 6% in the Region of Americas and 4% each in Europe and the Western Pacific Region. There has been a 14% decrease in the number of non-staff contractors at country level compared to the 2015 country presence report due to transitioning of polio eradication activities in several countries.

Fig. 05 Number of non-staff contractors by WHO region

Western Pacific Region Number of non-staf South-East Asia Region European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Region of the Americas African Region 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Who we are

1.3 Place This subsection provides information on the physical location of WHO country offices in countries, territories and areas, the physical accessibility of these offices for people with disabilities and the availability of telecommunication and information-sharing facilities.

1.3.1 Location of WHO country offices WHO country offices are located: (1) within the premises of the health ministry, (2) on common United Nations premises or (3) in premises that are independently owned or rented by WHO. The government provides 39% of the premises for WHO country offices, and WHO owns or rents 37% (Table 14).

Table 14 Location of the WHO country offices by WHO region Independent premises owned by the government and made available to WHO 26% 15%

Region

Independent premises owned by WHO

Independent premises rented by WHO

Health ministry premises or premises of a national agency 7% 20%

Other

United Nations common premises

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

2% 30%

41% 10%

0% 20%

24% 5%

10%

30%

20%

40%

13% 0% 0% 15%

0% 0% 0% 8%

27% 30% 29% 29%

30% 40% 50% 24%

0% 10% 14% 6%

30% 20% 7% 18%

Between 2014 and 2016, the percentage of government-facilitated premises for WHO country offices declined slightly (4 percentage points), but the percentages of own or rented premises and within United Nations common premises has remained about the same.

Who we are

1.3.2 Physical accessibility of WHO country offices According to the standards of physical accessibility for people with disabilities, 18% of WHO country offices were fully accessible and 53% were partly accessible. About 24% of WHO offices were reported being not accessible, and 5% offices indicated plans to ensure physical access within one year. Accessibility varied between regions. Country offices in two regions, the Region of the Americas and the Western Pacific Region, reported the highest percentage of full accessibility (33%), followed by the Eastern Mediterranean Region (22%), South-East Asia Region (9%), European Region (7%) and African Region (6%). Between 2012 and 2016, the overall accessibility of people with disabilities to WHO country offices declined, but partial accessibility has improved, with a reduction in the percentage reporting no access at all.

1.3.3 Telecommunication and information-sharing facilities Seventy-four per cent of the WHO country offices (110) had access to video and teleconferencing facilities. This connectivity varies by WHO region: 94% in Eastern Mediterranean Region countries, followed by the Western Pacific Region at 93%, Region of the Americas 89%, South-East Asia Region 82%, African Region 66% and European Region 55% (Fig. 6).

Fig. 06 Percentage of WHO country offices with access to video and teleconferencing facilities in Regions

93%

66% African Region Region of the Americas

82% 89%

Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region

55% 94%

Several country offices have made arrangements to have full-time or part-time staff members or outsourcing services to maintain the telecommunication and information technology services. Table 15 provides this distribution of country offices with full-time staff members for this support by WHO region: 65% in the African Region, 58% in the Region of the Americas, 36% in the Western Pacific Region, 33% in the South-East Asia Region and 10% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and European Region.

Who we are

Table 15 Percentage of country offices with telecommunication staff members available in country offices by WHO regions Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Full-time 65 58 10 10 33 36 41

None 20 16 50 80 44 50 41

Outsourced 2 16 0 7 11 7 6

Part-time 13 11 40 3 11 7 12

All levels of WHO use the WHO Global Management System, including country offices, and Global Management System connectivity is important for operations. This connectivity was reported to be good in 90% of the country offices. Most WHO country offices (72%) reported having dedicated websites to provide information to their stakeholders (Fig. 7). Most of these websites were reported to be periodically updated weekly (33%), monthly (37%) or quarterly (13%). Twenty-seven per cent of the country offices reported having full-time staff members available to perform this task.

Fig. 07 Percentage of WHO country offices with websites by WHO region 40 35 30 25 Website exists 20 No website 15 10 05 00 African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region

2. What we do Promoting the achievement of the highest sustainable level of health of all people

What we do

A core role of WHO country offices is to support the development and implementation of national health policies, strategies and plans. WHO technical cooperation with a Member State is then defined based on the priorities identified in national health policies, strategies and plans. The following section provides information on how WHO supports the development and implementation of national health policies, strategies and plans through country cooperation strategies and other tools. A total of 105 (71%) country offices in countries, territories and areas reported having up-to-date national health policies, strategies and plans. Thirty-three country offices (22%) reported that national health policies, strategies and plans are “in process” and remaining country offices did not report the availability of up-to-date national health policies, strategies and plans. Among the regions, the European Region (100%), the South-East Asia Region (100%) and the African Region (98%) have higher proportions of country offices reporting the availability of up-to-date (or being updated) national health policies, strategies and plans followed by the Western Pacific Region (93%), the Eastern Mediterranean Region (88%) and the Region of the Americas (85%). In the 2015 country presence report, 91% of countries, territories and areas reported the availability of national health policies, strategies and plans. The lower percentage (71%) in this (2017) report could be because many countries are in the process of updating their plans to mainstream the Sustainable Development Goals. Of 105 countries in which the availability of updated national health policies, strategies and plans is reported, WHO country offices played an important role in initiating, developing, implementing and monitoring these national health policies, strategies and plans in 101 countries (96%). The support was provided in leading, with the health ministry, the formulation process; supporting national authorities in conducting the situation analysis; convening policy dialogue; and supporting capacity enhancement to effectively implement the national health policies, strategies and plans.

2.1 Country cooperation strategy A country cooperation strategy is WHO’s medium-term strategic vision to guide the Organization’s work in and with a country, responding to that country’s specific priorities and institutional resources needed to achieve its national health policies, strategies and plans and the action needed to achieve its national targets under the Sustainable Development Goals. A total of 109 of the 148 countries, territories or areas in which WHO is physically present reported the existence of, or undertaking work on, country cooperation strategies 1. Of these 109, 63 reported having a valid country cooperation strategy. The number of countries, territories and areas with valid country cooperation strategies has declined by 15% compared with the figure in the 2015 country presence report because of the ongoing process in many countries of renewing their strategies so that they are aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. In 46 countries, territories and areas, country cooperation strategies were reported to be under development or being finalized. In the African Region, 27 country offices reported work in progress on country cooperation strategies followed by eight in the Region of the Americas, seven in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and four in the Western Pacific Region. Among countries where WHO is physically present, the South-East Asia Region had 100% valid country cooperation strategies in 11 countries followed by the Western Pacific Region in 11 countries (73%), the African Region in 20 countries (43%), the Region of the Americas in 11 countries (41%) and the Eastern Mediterranean Region in 4 countries (24%). In the European Region, WHO uses an alternative tool called a biennial collaborative agreement for collaboration with the countries. However, with the onset of the current mandate, the Regional Office for Europe has taken steps to align with other WHO regional offices and started to roll out country cooperation strategies on request from Member States. To date, WHO has developed country cooperation strategies in six countries in the European Region, in addition to biennial collaborative agreements in 31 countries.

The Regional Office for Europe uses an alternative tool (biennial collaborative agreements) instead of country cooperation strategies as a basis to guide WHO`s work in countries.

What we do

The strategic agenda is the core of the country cooperation strategy process. It includes a set of priorities and focus areas for cooperation between WHO and the Member State. Globally, in countries with a country cooperation strategy, between 3 and 19 strategic priorities were identified. Thirty-nine per cent of the countries had five strategic priorities, followed by 24% mentioning four and 20% six in the country cooperation strategies. The guide for country cooperation strategies recommends not having more than three to five strategic priorities. A minimum number of 6–15 focus areas in which WHO provides technical cooperation in each country cooperation strategy is generally recommended. The reported number of focus areas ranged between 6 and 45. WHO country teams use country cooperation strategies for various purposes, such as for programme planning (83%), followed by conducting advocacy around health issues (79%), harmonizing WHO work with partners (76%) and the priorities of WHO and partner organizations, aligning financial and human resources with country needs (68%) and mobilizing resources (63%) (Table 16).

Table 16 Number of country offices reporting using country cooperation strategies Programme planning 22 10

Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Advocacy

Aligning financial and human resources with country priorities 20 10

Helping to align WHO country office work with partners 21 10

Mobilizing resources 22 9

23 9

1 8 6 50

1 9 6 52

0 6 4 43

2 7 4 48

0 3 4 40

WHO country offices together with the government and partner organizations periodically reviewed a country cooperation strategy. This review is primarily undertaken either mid-term or at the end of the country cooperation strategy period. In some cases, countries reported conducting this review biennially or at least once a year. National health planning cycles have varying time frames, and a country cooperation strategy is usually developed for 4–6 years, often making aligning these strategic documents complex. Seventy-four per cent of the country offices reported alignment between the time frame of country cooperation strategies and national health policies, strategies and plans, showing a significant increase of more than 30 percentage points compared with the 2012 (36%) and 2015 (43%) country presence reports. In the African Region, this alignment was 100%, followed by the Region of the Americas at 73%, the South-East Asia Region at 55%, the Eastern Mediterranean Region at 50% and the Western Pacific Region at 46%. Thirty-nine country offices reported aligning country cooperation strategies with the United Nations Development Assistance Framework.

What we do

2.2 Joint WHO and government monitoring mechanisms An increasing number of WHO offices are using joint WHO and government mechanisms to enhance implementation, monitoring and reporting on WHO technical cooperation. Eighty-three per cent (123) of the country offices reported the existence of such a mechanism, a slight increase versus 77% in 2014. The periodicity of joint monitoring varies among WHO regions. Table 17 shows the frequency of the monitoring reviews, mostly done biannually, annually or quarterly.

Table 17 Frequency of monitoring reviews by WHO region Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Annually 15 7 5 7 1 3 38

Biannually 16 12 5 17 2 1 53

Quarterly 9 2 5 4 5 7 32

Total 40 21 15 28 8 11 123

What we do

2.3 WHO country office support to the government through non-health ministries and departments At the country level, WHO primarily works with health ministries. However, promoting health in all policies, WHO also works with other ministries and departments, and country offices are increasingly enhancing collaboration work with non-health ministries for a multisectoral approach. Seventy-five per cent (111) of the country offices reported working with a ministry or department other than the health ministry on health issues. One factor contributing to this enhanced collaboration with other sectors is to meet increasing demand for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals. Key ministries and departments with which WHO country offices reported working include education, sanitation, agriculture, women, youth, planning and development, social protection and welfare, communication, finance, justice and labour. This collaborative work is executed through a variety of means, including joint funding, missions, joint committees for intersectoral work, and joint implementation of activities.

2.4 Mainstreaming Sustainable Development Goals WHO has taken steps towards implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development such as developing tools and guidance, developing regional plans for implementation and establishing an advisory group. The Sustainable Development Goal health-related targets closely reflect the main priorities in WHO’s programme of work for 2014–2019; Member States have already agreed on many of these targets in the World Health Assembly. This Agenda provides opportunities to bring health into all sectors. Sixty countries, territories or areas (41%) with a WHO country office, across all regions, reported reflection of Sustainable Development Goals in national health policies, strategies and plans. some 43% reported the in-process status of inclusion of Sustainable Development Goals in policies, strategies or plans. Thirteen per cent of the countries reported not initiating the process as yet. This work in progress reflects a need for WHO to enhance its support and collaborative work on giving priority to integrating Sustainable Development Goals into existing national health policies, strategies and plans for effectively implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.

Table 18 Status of including Sustainable Development Goals in national health policies, strategies and plans by WHO region (percentage) Countries reporting Sustainable Development Goals included in national health policies, strategies and plans (%) 52 37

Region

Countries in the process of including Sustainable Development Goals in national health policies, strategies and plans (%) 46 46

Countries yet to include Sustainable Development Goals in national health policies, strategies and plans (%) 2 18

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region

29 34 27 53

29 52 64 40

41 14 9 7

What we do

2.4.1 Integrating Sustainable Development Goals into the country cooperation strategies Similarly, work is in progress on integrating Sustainable Development Goals into country cooperation strategies and biennial collaborative agreements in case of the European Region. Globally, 68 (46%) countries, territories and areas with a WHO office reported this integration, and 65 countries (44%) were in process of aligning their country cooperation strategies or biennial collaborative agreements. Table 19 provides the status of this alignment by WHO region.

Table 19 Status of integrating Sustainable Development Goals into country cooperation strategies (biennial collaborative agreements) –number of country offices Number of country offices reporting that the Sustainable Development Goals have been integrated into country cooperation strategies/ biennial collaborative agreements 20 8

Region

Number of country offices reporting that the integration of Sustainable Development Goals into country cooperation strategies is in process/ biennial collaborative agreements 24 16

Number of country offices reporting that he Sustainable Development Goals are not integrated into country cooperation strategies/ biennial collaborative agreements 1 2

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

5 25 4 6 68

7 4 5 9 65

6 1 2 0 12

One WHO role is to facilitate the discussion among partners and accelerate momentum for implementing the health-related Sustainable Development Goals at the country level. Sixty countries that had reported that their national health policies, strategies and plans reflect the Sustainable Development Goals, and the main thrust of WHO support has been in providing leadership, advocacy and technical advice to enhance multisectoral collaborations, strengthen health information systems with contextualization of indicators, and mobilize domestic resources. Recognizing the significance of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals, WHO country offices are reaching out to diverse stakeholders to enhance their engagement in the planning, implementation and reporting processes for the Sustainable Development Goals at the country level. This outreach was reported from 103 countries (70%).

What we do

2.5 WHO support in health emergencies Worldwide, a record 130 million people need humanitarian assistance, and disease outbreaks are a constant global threat. Recognizing the magnitude of this challenge, WHO has established a new Health Emergencies Programme to provide more rapid and flexible responses to health crises and help the most vulnerable communities. The new Programme, announced in October 2016, places country work at the core of its functioning model. Seventy-seven per cent (114) of the countries, territories or areas with a WHO office reported facing a health emergency or disease outbreak during the survey coverage period. Country offices reporting health emergencies were especially from the Western Pacific Region (93%) followed by the South-East Asia Region (91%), the Region of the Americas (89%), the Eastern Mediterranean Region (88%), the African Region (87%) and the European Region (34%). The Global Health Cluster of the United Nations Inter-Agency Standing Committee was reported to be activated in 32% of these countries.

What we do

2.5.1 Grading of health emergencies Of the 114 countries, territories and areas in which WHO offices reported facing health emergencies, more than half (57%) of these emergencies were ungraded: 2 that is, did not require a WHO response at the time of occurrence. However, countries also faced both level 1 (17% on average) and level 2 (14% on average) emergencies during this time, requiring a WHO response. Eleven per cent (12 countries in 3 regions) reported having faced level 3 emergencies that required substantial response from WHO country teams and substantial international WHO response from its regional and headquarters teams (Fig. 8).

Fig. 08 Grading of the health emergencies reported by country offices in 2015–2016 (%) by WHO region 50 21 29 70 20 70 10 20 60 UngraDED Level 3 Level 2 Level 1 Eastern Mediterranean Region Region of the Americas 7 20 13 63 17 21 20 20 20 30 40 50 50

Western Pacific Region

South-East Asia Region

European Region

African Region 10 0 10

2.5.2 WHO country office support in emergencies In 2015–2016, WHO country teams provided support to a large number of countries, territories and areas in which WHO is physically present in effective preparedness and response to health emergencies including implementation of the International Health Regulations. Most of the country offices (132) reported support on implementation, capacity-building and monitoring of the International Health Regulations. This was followed by support on preparedness or readiness to 85% of the countries, technical and financial support for an early warning alert and response system or integrated disease surveillance and response to 74% of the countries and assistance in disaster risk management programmes for 71% of the countries. Table 20 provides the number of countries benefiting from different types of support provided by WHO country teams for health emergency preparedness and response.

For more information on the grading of emergencies under the Emergency Response Framework, http://www.who.int/hac/donorinfo/g3_contributions/en.

Table 20 Number of WHO country offices providing support for preparedness and response to health emergencies by WHO region

Region

Design and improve a disaster riskmanagement programme, including risk assessment and disaster risk reduction Implementing, capacity-building, and monitoring and evaluation of the International Health Regulations Setting up and leading the Humanitarian Health Cluster when necessary Providing financial support

Preparedness or readiness and core capacity-building, such as through training, stakeholder analysis, a national staff roster, drills and field simulation exercises Technical, material or financial support for an early warning alert and response system or integrated disease surveillance and response 41 40 45 33 39

Providing logistics support and supplies, equipment and/or commodities, such as emergency health kits and laboratory supplies

African Region

Region of the Americas 22 26 21 15

Eastern Mediterranean Region 16 18 14 22 25 10

European Region

South-East Asia Region 11 11

Western Pacific Region 14 12

Total

105

126

132

110

104

What we do

3. How we do it Addressing country needs: technical backstopping and financial resources

How we do it

At the country level, WHO provides technical support to catalyse change and build sustainable institutional capacity in health. This support is based on WHO leadership priorities, 1 and dedicated staff members among country teams are responsible for supporting the health ministry and other partners using their expertise in health systems, including universal health coverage, communicable diseases, health emergencies including implementing the International Health Regulations (2005), promoting health throughout the life-course and noncommunicable diseases. This section provides details on the backstopping support other levels of WHO provide to country teams and on the funding of country-level work.

3.1 Technical backstopping To effectively support Member States, WHO country offices receive technical backstopping in the form of technical and normative support from the six regional offices and headquarters. Staff members from all three levels engage in missions and other forms of technical support to collaborate with the countries, territories and areas in implementing national health policies, strategies and plans. The support reported was mainly in reviews, adapting global and regional guidelines to the national context and developing national documents, meetings, training and consultations. During the survey coverage period, all 148 country offices received missions and support from regional office and headquarters teams and also from joint teams. Among the 5400 missions conducted during the survey coverage period, regional office teams carried out 3445 (64%), headquarters 1442 (27%) and joint regional and headquarters teams 513 (9%). Compared with 2015, regional and headquarters backstopping missions to country offices have increased. However, joint missions of regional and headquarters teams have declined slightly. Backstopping support through joint missions is important to ensure work across programmes and sectors in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals and needs to be enhanced. Country offices initiated most of the missions carried out by regional and headquarters teams to meet a specific technical support need. Country offices initiated the request for 70% of the missions conducted by regional office teams. Similarly, country offices initiated the request for 44% of the missions by headquarters and 68% of the joint missions by regional and headquarters teams. Country offices in the African Region received more missions (23% of the total) from other levels of WHO than any other region. This is in accordance with the fact that the African Region has many country offices (32% of all country offices), faces a high burden of disease and health systems are complex in the African Region. The country offices in the African Region received almost equal numbers of missions from regional and headquarters teams and many joint regional and headquarters missions, which reflects on the priority WHO gives to the African Region. The high percentage of missions to the African Region was followed by the European Region (21%), Western Pacific Region (21%) and Region of the Americas (19%). The Eastern Mediterranean Region received 9% of the missions and the South-East Asia Region 7%. The large number of backstopping missions in the European Region is in accordance with the region-specific model of regional staff members providing technical assistance to countries rather than having an expert in each technical area in each country office, because limited resources are available and the need to serve many countries. The countries in the Western Pacific Region also received more missions than in the 2015 country presence report. The South-East Asia Region received the fewest joint regional and headquarters team missions among the regions.

WHO leadership priorities. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 (http://who.int/about/agenda/en, accessed 7 April 2017).

How we do it

Table 21 Number of backstopping missions by regional office and headquarters teams by WHO region Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Regional office 544 840

Headquarters 546 95

Joint headquarters and regional office 162 70

Total 1252 1005

Percentage 23 19

326

496

888 243 604

156 103 456

86 19 92

1130 365 1152 5400

21 7 21

How we do it

Fig. 9 shows that the backstopping missions carried out by the regional and headquarters teams focused primarily on communicable diseases (33%) followed by health systems and universal health coverage (20%). Of the total missions, 16% supported country offices on noncommunicable diseases, 14% on health emergencies and the International Health Regulations (2005), 13% on promoting health through the life-course and 4% on integrated or multisectoral response to the Sustainable Development Goals.

Fig. 09 Categories backstopping missions to country offices (%)

4% 14% Communicable diseases

33%

NonCommunicable diseases Life-course

20%

Health systems/UHC Health Emergencies Integrated/multi-sector responce to SDG s

13%

16%

How we do it

3.2 Funding WHO work at the country level In addition to technical cooperation, WHO provides financial support as a catalyst for normative work, technical support and operations in emergencies. WHO recognizes the significance of the financial resources required to strengthen its performance and achieve results at the country level. This subsection provides details on the funds available to support WHO programmes of technical cooperation in countries, territories and areas and on major areas of work in which funds are being spent and the status of expenditure during the report period.

3.2.1 Availability of money at the country level As of 31 December 2016, US$ 2.064 billion was available for the WHO country-level work under the WHO programme budget. This amount represents 84% of the total planned costs for the 2016–2017 biennium. It also reflects an 11% increase over the 2014–2015 biennium. Of this amount, 59% (US$ 1.2171 billion) was allocated for polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes and 41% (US$ 0.8475 billion) for the base programmes. Table 22 provides the distribution of total available money by WHO region. Country offices in the African Region and Eastern Mediterranean Region, combined, received US$ 1.6 billion (77%). Significant funding has been allocated to the African Region and Eastern Mediterranean Region because these regions include three polio-endemic countries

Table 22 Distribution of total funds (polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes and base programmes combined) by WHO region Region African Region Total Region of the Americas Total Eastern Mediterranean Region Total European Region Total South-East Asia Region Total Western Pacific Region Total Overall total Base Polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes Base Polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes Base Polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes Base Polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes Base Polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes

Segment Base Polio, outbreak and crisis response and special programmes

Total 390.7 million 552.5 million 943.2 million 41.7 million 7.0 million 48.7 million 101.1 million 538.2 million 639.3 million 64.0 million 40.2 million 104.2 million 132.3 million 66.2 million 198.4 million 117.7 million 13.0 million 130.7 million 2064.6 million

How we do it

and 11 priority countries 2 facing Grade 2 and 3 emergencies. This money was instrumental in providing support to polio-endemic countries towards eradicating polio as shown by the decline in the number of wild poliovirus cases from 213 in 2013 to 10 as of February 2017 in only three countries. In the other four regions, country offices in the South-East Asia Region received 10% of the money, Western Pacific Region 6%, European Region 5% and the Region of the Americas 2%, which is in accordance with the overall share of the regions in the total programme budget. Of the total base programme allocation (US$ 0.8475 billion), country offices in the African Region received 46% of the money, South-East Asia Region 15%, Western Pacific Region 14%, Eastern Mediterranean Region 12%, European Region 8% and Region of the Americas 5%. Higher funding for the African Region is consistent with the previous biennium and reflects organizational commitment to address the higher burden of disease and the challenges of fragile health systems in the African Region.

3.2.2 Distribution of base funds by programmatic priorities and operations The distribution of money by programmatic priorities and operations shows that country offices received 29% of the base funds for communicable diseases followed by corporate services and enabling functions (23%), health systems (18%), promoting health through the life-course (13%), health emergencies (10%) and about 8% for noncommunicable diseases. This is consistent with the data on backstopping missions from other levels of WHO, which shows that the missions received by country offices primarily focused on communicable diseases and health systems.

Fig. 10 Distribution (%) of assessed contributions and voluntary contributions in the total founding for country-level work between 2012 and 2017 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 00 2012 2015 2017

voluntary contributions assessed contributions

The polio-endemic countries are Afghanistan, Nigeria and Pakistan. The priority countries facing Grade 2 and 3 emergencies are Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Iraq, Libya, Niger, Nigeria, South Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic and Yemen.

How we do it

3.2.3 Sources of funding for WHO country-level work WHO’s programme budget is funded through a mix of assessed and voluntary contributions. Assessed contributions are dues Member States pay to be a member of WHO. Member States (and other partners) may make voluntary contributions in addition to the assessed contribution. These are fully flexible at the level of the programme budget or highly flexible at the category level. Most funding (84%) for the work of WHO country offices comes from voluntary contributions (US$ 1739 million). This includes 41% from the Member States (other than their assessed contribution), 13% philanthropic foundations, 9% United Nations organizations, 7% nongovernmental organizations, 5% partnerships and 9% other sources. Sixteen per cent of overall funds were from the assessed contributions (US$ 324.6 million). Over the last three bienniums, the distribution between voluntary and assessed contributions, as sources of funding for WHO, has remained reasonably consistent (Fig. 10).

3.2.4 Distribution and expenditure of planned funds at the country level Regarding the distribution of funds versus planned budget among regions, the European Region received 91% of the total planned budget, the Eastern Mediterranean Region 90%, the African Region 86%, the South-East Asia Region 80%, the Western Pacific Region 79% and the Region of the Americas 41%. Overall, as of December 2016, 56% of the funds distributed for the 2016–2017 biennium had been spent at the country level (Table 23).

Table 23 Planned costs, distribution and expenditure at the country level (mid-biennium)

Region

2016–2017 planned costs (millions of US dollars)

Distribution (millions of US dollars)

Percentage of the planned costs funded 86 41

Expenditure (millions of US dollars)

Percentage of distributed funds spent 59 51

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

1098.6 118.3

943.2 48.7

554.8 25.0

713.1

639.3

347.1

114.5 247.3 164.8 2456.5

104.2 198.4 130.7 2064.6

91 80 79 84

52.6 118.3 68.8 1166.6

50 60 53 56

The expenditure on staffing and activities by WHO country offices varies in the regions. The country offices in the Region of the Americas spent 75% on staff followed by the European Region 55%, Western Pacific Region 45%, African Region 26%, South-East Asia Region 25% and Eastern Mediterranean Region 14%.

4. Who we work with Working together to build a better, healthier future for people all over the world

Who we work with

Partnership is at the core of WHO work. WHO promotes partnership and collaboration on health at the national and international levels, which is one of its six core functions. Specifically, at the country level, WHO works with governments, development partners – including bilateral and multilateral agencies – the United Nations System, nongovernmental organizations and civil society organizations. The aim of this collaborative work is to promote and achieve better health outcomes for populations in countries. This partnership approach of WHO at the country level can be categorized into: • engagement with government; • engagement with the United Nations System; • engagement with non-state actors and global health initiatives; and • South–South and triangular cooperation.

4.1 WHO engagement with government WHO extends collaborative support and works with the health ministry as the key government ministry for promoting and protecting the health of people in the country. However, Article 33 of the WHO Constitution provides for direct access of the Director-General and his or her representative (the HWO) to the various departments and ministries of the government, thereby ensuring a whole-of-government approach. HWOs are always advised to keep the health ministry informed of their engagement with other government departments. WHO engagement with the health ministry is primarily executed through the following key areas: • contributing to national health policies, strategies and plans; • supporting health sector coordination; • participating in joint annual health sector reviews; and • mobilizing resources for health.

Who we work with

4.1.1 Contributing to national health policies, strategies and plans WHO country offices are at the front line of supporting the health ministry by engaging in developing, implementing and monitoring national health policies, strategies and plans. Country teams facilitate, convene and provide guidance on policy dialogue around national health policies, strategies and plans. WHO tools and instruments play an important role in shaping the national dialogue as well as policy documents. During the survey period, the presence of up-to-date national health policies, strategies and plans was reported in 105 (71%) countries, territories or areas in which WHO is physically present. WHO country offices are involved in initiating the process and developing these national health policies, strategies and plans. Country teams extend this support through various means. Sharing WHO guidelines, global and regional strategies and best practices with governments and stakeholders is one form of such support. The survey reported that 114 (77%) countries, territories and areas in which WHO is present have a mechanism to routinely share guidelines, strategies and best practices with multiple sectors of the government, partners and stakeholders. Thirty-seven country offices reported the presence of such a mechanism in the African Region, 20 in the European Region, 19 in the Region of the Americas, 16 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and 11 each in the South-East Asia Region and the Western Pacific Region (Fig. 11).

Fig. 11 Number of country offices reporting using guidelines, strategies and best practices 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 05 00 African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Developing their country-level strategies and programme planning Capacity-building and training packages Monitoring, assessment and reporting Other

Governments and stakeholders are using these tools in key areas including: developing the national health policies, strategies and plans of the country; capacity-building; monitoring; and assessments. In most (95%) of the countries that confirmed the existence of such a mechanism, this support is used in capacity-building and training. Countries are also using this support for developing country strategies and programme planning (91%) and in monitoring, assessment and reporting (72%). This illustrates the important role WHO plays in initiating, developing and monitoring the national health policies, strategies and plans.

Who we work with

4.1.2 Supporting health sector coordination One important role of WHO country-level support is to act as a broker among partners and to support the government in effectively coordinating the health sector. WHO country offices from different regions reported the existence of a government-led health sector coordination mechanism at the country level in 113 (76%) countries, territories and areas. This is consistent with the 2015 country presence report in which the same percentage of countries reported the presence of such a mechanism. Country offices execute this role by chairing or co-chairing the health sector coordination mechanisms or participation. In 60 (53%) countries, territories and areas, WHO staff members chair or co-chair such coordination mechanisms. In the remaining 53 countries, WHO country teams participate and/or facilitate as a secretariat. The number of countries in which WHO has a leadership role in coordinating the health sector increased by 5% between 2015 and 2017, suggesting a growing role of WHO in coordinating health development partners at the country level.

4.1.3 Participation in joint annual health sector reviews To promote adherence to the principles of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness and the Busan Partnership principles, WHO country offices actively participate in joint annual health sector reviews to monitor the effective implementation of health policies, strategies and plans. Eighty-four joint annual health sector reviews (including those in the International Health Partnership – IHP+) were reported in which WHO country teams contributed during the survey coverage period. The government and partners performed the reviews, either jointly or separately. WHO chaired or co-chaired 56% of these reviews (Fig. 12). The number of country offices reporting participation in joint reviews increased by 7% compared with the 2015 country presence report.

Fig. 12 WHO role as chair or co-chair in joint annual health sector reviews by WHO region (No of country offices)

6 2

African Region Region of the Americas

Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region

South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region

Who we work with

4.1.4 Mobilizing resources for health WHO country offices provide critical support to the health ministry in mobilizing resources for health programmes and effectively implementing national health policies, strategies and plans. WHO country teams play this role in two ways: providing technical advice and input in developing funding proposals to be submitted to donors and partners and conducting advocacy to mobilize financial resources or mobilizing resources on its own. During the survey period, 117 (79%) country offices reported supporting the health ministry and partners for mobilizing resources for the health sector through various means, mainly by developing funding proposals. Seventy-eight per cent of the country offices (116) also reported supporting the government on building national capacity for mobilizing resources. However, among country offices that reported mobilizing resources, 83% mobilized less than US$ 500,000 and only 17% reported mobilizing more than US$ 1 million. This requires increasing investment in the WHO country offices to strengthen in-country capacity to further mobilize resources, since most funds from major donors have been decentralized to the country level. Most of the mobilized funds were for the communicable diseases including HIV, tuberculosis (TB), malaria and immunization; health emergencies and implementing the International Health Regulations (2005); and strengthening health systems. Promoting health throughout the life-course and noncommunicable diseases received the least money.

4.2 Collaboration with the United Nations System WHO collaborates with the United Nations System (Box 2). This engagement is becoming more important especially in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals. Through various United Nations coordinating mechanisms at the three levels of the Organization, WHO continues to support its Member States in achieving national health priorities and promoting better health outcomes. This collaboration approach also reflects WHO’s efforts to increase coherence, effectiveness and efficiency in delivering results. WHO states its commitment to closely work with the United Nations System in its 12th General Programme of Work, and this is especially visible at the country level, in which platforms such as UNDAF, ONE United Nations Programme and health clusters in emergencies provide avenues to position health as well as catalyse multisectoral approaches for health outcomes.

Box 2. WHO collaboration with the United Nations System Key elements of WHO collaboration with the United Nations System include: • positioning health in the debates and decisions of United Nations intergovernmental bodies; • contributing to a coherent and effective United Nations System at the global, regional and country levels; • providing leadership in health-related humanitarian efforts, including as the health cluster lead; and • promoting alliances and interagency approaches to address health issues.

Who we work with

4.2.1 WHO and United Nations country teams WHO’s efforts to maximize coherence in delivering results are reflected in WHO being actively engaged in the United Nations country teams. The presence of United Nations country teams was reported in 134 (91%) 1 of 148 countries, territories and areas in which WHO is physically present (Table 24).

Table 24 Number of WHO country offices reporting the presence of United Nations country teams and other United Nations mechanisms at the country level United Nations country teams 45 25

Region

UNDAF or equivalent 44 24

Operations management team 38 24

Thematic working groups or result groups 44 25

Joint programmes 36 17

Political peacekeeping missions 10 2

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

22 11 14 134

18 10 14 126

18 10 11 118

21 10 12 128

12 4 11 91

2 0 1 23

In the European Region, eight countries in which WHO is physically present have no United Nations country teams.

Who we work with

4.3 Coordinating actions at the country level 4.3.1 WHO participation in joint national or United Nations steering committees Several countries have joint national or United Nations steering committees to provide strategic guidance on the collaboration between the government and United Nations agencies to effectively support the achievement of national development goals. The health ministry and WHO country offices participate in such committees. The existence of these committees was reported in 51 countries, territories or areas.

4.3.2 United Nations Development Assistance Framework The UNDAF is the strategic framework that describes the collective response of the United Nations System in supporting national development priorities. It contributes to increasing United Nations coherence and the complementarity and coordination of United Nations country operations. An UNDAF is sometimes referred to as a United Nations Development Plan or a One United Nations Plan. WHO actively engages in developing, implementing and monitoring the UNDAF. An UNDAF exists in 126 (85%) of the countries, territories and areas where WHO is physically present. During the survey period, WHO country offices participated in the UNDAF process in 125 (99% of the countries with an UNDAF) countries to ensure that the WHO country cooperation strategy, biennial collaborative agreements and the health dimension of the UNDAF are linked and harmonized to ensure a more coordinated and integrated support to countries in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Engaging with partners and providing leadership on health issues is a core function of WHO. In this regard, WHO works to ensure that the UNDAF reflects health well, promoting policy dialogue, providing technical support and mobilizing United Nations support for implementing health national goals (Table 25). WHO country offices played a leadership role in developing the UNDAF health component as leader or co-leader of the development group or mechanism in 98% of the countries, territories or areas in which the UNDAF has a health component. This shows an increase of 7 percentage points compared with the 2015 country presence report.

Table 25 Number of WHO offices in countries, territories and areas reporting leadership or participatory role in the UNDAF Region African Region Participation Leadership Region of the Americas Participation Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region Participation South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Participation Total 2 125 Leadership Leadership 1 10 11 Leadership Leadership 2 17 16 4 22

Role of WHO Leadership

Number of countries 40

Who we work with

Other United Nations agencies such as the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) also contribute as co-leaders in several countries. Survey respondents also mentioned the participation of several other United Nations organizations and non–United Nations partner organizations such as World Food Programme, UN Women, International Organization for Migration (IOM), Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees (UNRWA) and the World Bank. Health was reported to be reflected in the UNDAF at the outcome level, output level, results group or as a joint work plan. Globally, health is incorporated in an UNDAF at the outcome level in 67% of the countries, 34% at output level, 62% results group and 54% in joint work plans. The national priorities of the United Nations System in a country are organized within pillars of the UNDAF. These pillars reflect the national situation, priorities and needs. In some countries, the UNDAF has specific health pillars such as communicable diseases or noncommunicable diseases. Priority health areas identified in UNDAF included communicable diseases (83%), reproductive, maternal, newborn and adolescent health (80%), noncommunicable diseases (78%), health systems and universal health coverage (77%); nutrition and food security (71%), social determinants of health (66%); and health emergencies (62%). Antimicrobial resistance; ageing and population; and implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control were identified as health priorities in relatively fewer UNDAF.

4.3.3 WHO participation in the thematic groups of United Nations country teams To promote an integrated approach, the United Nations country teams establish thematic or results groups as a mechanism of coordination at the operational level to contribute to achieving UNDAF outcomes. WHO actively participates in these mechanisms. The presence of health thematic groups was reported in 108 (81%) countries. The number of country offices reporting participation in United Nations thematic groups increased by 6 percentage points compared with the 2015 country presence report. WHO country offices play a leadership role by chairing or co-chairing these thematic groups in 66% of the countries, territories or areas. United Nations agencies other than WHO also chair or co-chair the health-related thematic groups at the country level (Fig. 13).

Fig. 13 Number of countries in which other United Nations organizations have a leadership role at the country level Participation (but not leadership) co-Leadership role

UNAIDS UNDP UNICEF UNFPA

Leadership role 0 20 40 60 100 120

WHO

Who we work with

WHO country offices also participate in non-health-related thematic groups including gender, human rights, emergency, environment, nutrition and food security, access to social services, monitoring and evaluation, water and sanitation and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. In some countries, WHO chairs or co-chairs these non-health thematic groups (Table 26).

Table 26 Number of country offices reporting that WHO has a role in the non-health-related thematic groups of United Nations country teams

WHO role

Gender

Human rights

Emergency

Environment

Nutrition and food security 11 84

Chair or co-chair Participates

— 108

— 80

31 73

7 71

WHO role

Access to social services 4 65

Monitoring and evaluation 6 77

Water and sanitation 11 74

Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals 8 84

Chair or co-chair Participates

In the Region of the Americas, the United Nations Multi-country Sustainable Development Framework in the Caribbean, 2017–2021 covers Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Barbados, Belize, British Virgin Islands, Curaçao, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, St Maarten, Suriname and Trinidad and Tobago. National consultations were held in developing the Framework. The four priority areas are aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals and seek to accelerate progress towards their attainment.

Who we work with

4.3.4 WHO participation in resource mobilization activities by United Nations country teams WHO country offices actively participate in joint resource mobilization activities organized by the United Nations country teams to mobilize additional resources to fulfil United Nations commitments reflected in the UNDAF. Various mechanisms are in place to jointly mobilize resources at the country level. A total of 69 (51%) country offices reported participating in such activities. Forty-four (30%) of the WHO country offices also reported participating in multi-donor trust fund mechanisms in all regions showing a slight increase of 3 percentage points compared with the 2015 country presence report.

Table 27 Number of WHO country offices participating in resource mobilization activities in United Nations country teams

Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Number of country offices 32 8 7 10 5 7 69

4.3.5 WHO participation in harmonized United Nations operations and opportunities WHO country offices participate in harmonized business practices at the country level to enhance efficiency, enhance links between programmes and operations, reduce costs and increase cooperation among United Nations agencies. Seventy per cent of the country offices reported participating in at least one of the services under the United Nations harmonized operations and business processes during the survey coverage period. This participation is in activities such as banking (24%), travel services (35%), procurement systems (37%), information and communication technology (20%), human resources (13%) and logistics and transport (28%). Table 28 provides details on this participation by WHO region.

Table 28 Number and percentage of WHO country offices participating in United Nations harmonized operations and business processes

Region

Banking

Travel

Procurement

Information technology

Human resources

Administration services

Logistics and transport

Security services

Information and communication technology 19 4

Others

African Region 28 5 5 2 4 4 13 16 11 18 16 40

7 3

Region of the Americas 6 3 2 3 5 11

Eastern Mediterranean Region 10 3 3 55 37% 20% 13% 29 19 38 26% 1 0 3 1 2 2 3 3 41 28% 3 2 8 10

European Region

19 9 11 103 70%

5 1 1 33 22%

3 4 1 19 13%

South-East Asia Region

Western Pacific Region

Total

24%

35%

Who we work with

Table 29 compares WHO participation in at least one United Nations common service between previous country presence reports and the 2017 report.

Table 29 Percentage of country offices participating in United Nations harmonized operations in 2012, 2015 and 2017 Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region

2012 (%) 97 59 79 63 100 44

2015 (%) 92 46 94 60 82 53

2017 (%) 85 48 61 63 82 73

4.3.6 United Nations resident coordinator system WHO support to the United Nations resident coordinator system is reflected in its financial contribution, the role HWOs play as acting United Nations resident coordinator as and when required and by the participation of country teams in joint activities organized by the resident coordinator office in a country. Since the establishment of the centralized cost-sharing mechanism to support the functioning of the United Nations resident coordinator system, WHO has been contributing to the mechanism not just financially but also by HWOs assuming the role of acting resident coordinator. During the survey period, similar to the 2014–2015 biennium, WHO maintained its contribution of US$ 5.2 million per biennium to the cost-sharing mechanism for the United Nations resident coordinator system, as approved in the respective programme budgets. Some WHO country offices (26) have also provided additional financial contributions to United Nations resident coordinator joint activities. Another contribution of WHO country offices to the United Nations resident coordinator system is the role of HWOs as interim United Nations resident coordinator. The 2016 country presence survey showed that 86 (64%) HWOs in countries, territories and areas assumed the role of the acting United Nations resident coordinator, for a limited time (mostly less than three months). This contribution of HWOs to the United Nations resident coordinator system is across all regions. The percentage of participation is almost at the same level as presented in the 2015 country presence report (65%), showing a consistent pattern of HWOs playing this role in the resident coordinator system (Table 30).

Who we work with

Table 30 Number, percentage and duration of HWOs acting as interim United Nations resident coordinator by WHO region Number of HWOs acting as interim United Nations resident coordinator Duration of the HWO acting as the interim United Nations resident coordinator <3 months n African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total 36 16 11 8 7 8 86 30 15 9 8 7 7 76 % 83 94 82 100 100 88 3–6 months n 6 0 1 0 0 1 8 % 17 0 9 0 0 13 > 6 months n 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 % 0 6 9 0 0 0

Region

4.3.7 WHO participation in joint activities of the United Nations resident coordinator office WHO country offices actively participate in joint activities organized by the office of the United Nations resident coordinator in a country. A total of 129 (96%) country offices across regions reported participating in joint activities such as participating in United Nations country team retreats, joint assessments, communication products and multi-donor trust funds. In the 2015 country presence report, 88% of country offices reported this participation, showing an increase of 8 percentage points in 2017 (Table 31).

Table 31 WHO country office participation in certain United Nations resident coordinator activities Communication activities (such as media campaigns and United Nations days)

Region

United Nations country team retreats

Joint assessments

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region 2 South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

45 25 17 19 11 12 129

21 7 6 5 3 3 45

42 23 14 19 11 12 121

In the European Region, one third of the countries with WHO country offices do not have other United Nations agencies present at the country level.

Who we work with

4.4 Integrated strategic frameworks The United Nations–led peacekeeping and political missions in certain countries have developed integrated strategic frameworks. WHO is actively involved in developing and implementing these frameworks since the United Nations System needs to give priority attention to the health of the population in countries facing political crisis or unstable security situations. Thirty-one WHO country offices reported having an integrated strategic framework in the country, of which 28 (90%) were actively contributing in the process of developing and implementing an integrated strategic framework (Table 32).

Table 32 Number of country offices reporting the presence of integrated strategic frameworks and WHO participation by WHO region Number of countries with integrated strategic frameworks 16 3 8 2 — 2 31

Region

Number of countries in which the WHO country office participates in an integrated strategic framework 14 3 7 2 — 2 28

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

4.5 Delivering as ONE United Nations Secretary General launched the Delivering as One initiative in 2006. The initiative strives to ensure that the United Nations System Delivers as One at the country level, with the objective of promoting the coherence, relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of the United Nations System and increasing national ownership and leadership at the country level. Under Delivering as One, 54 country offices reported engaging in Operating as One, 37 in One Programme, 17 in One Fund, 46 in One Leader, and 72 in Communicating as One. Table 33 provides details on WHO country offices participating in Delivering as One pillars by WHO region.

Table 33 Distribution of country offices reporting participation in Delivering as One by WHO region One Programme 22 4 3 6 1 1 37

Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

One Fund or common budgetary framework 9 2 1 3 1 1 17

One Leader 26 8 3 7 0 2 46

Operating as One 25 11 8 7 1 2 54

Communicating as One 28 15 9 13 3 4 72

Who we work with

4.6 WHO country-level engagement with global health initiatives Development partners play an increasingly important role in promoting and protecting health of the population in a country. Global health initiatives are humanitarian initiatives that raise and disburse additional funds for infectious diseases, such as AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria; for immunization; and for strengthening health systems in lowand middle-income countries. WHO recognizes the significance of these contributors to health and development in a country and gives priority to closely collaborating with them. One objective of this collaboration is to support the health ministry, and health sector in general, raise adequate financial resources for health programmes. Globally, 83 WHO country offices (56%) reported the existence of donor coordination mechanism in the country (Table 34). These coordination platforms include bilateral development partners, multilateral agencies, funds and philanthropic foundations, nongovernmental organizations and civil society, the private sector and academic institutions. The role of WHO has been reported in providing leadership in 69% of these countries (57), while in other countries, WHO offices provide secretariat and participation support. This pattern is consistent with the data of the 2015 country presence report.

Table 34 Distribution of the roles of WHO in donor coordination mechanisms by WHO region (number of countries) Chair, rotational chair 15 2 5 2 3 3 30

Region African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

Co-chair with the health ministry 14 1 6 3 0 3 27

Secretariat 12 2 3 1 2 3 23

Participant 7 3 2 3 4 2 21

Who we work with

4.6.1 WHO and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (Global Fund) is one of the leading funders of the prevention and control of HIV, TB and malaria. Recognizing the critical role of funding from the Global Fund in preventing and controlling diseases and strengthening systems, WHO country offices work in close partnership and collaboration with governments and partners to avail and use Global Fund funding. Globally, WHO country offices in 100 (68%) countries, territories and areas are engaged in providing technical support and/or capacity-building for disease control programmes and health system strengthening in connection with accessing, implementing and reporting on Global Fund grants (Table 35).

Table 35 Number of country offices reporting a WHO role in Global Fund grants by WHO region Procuring medical and public health supplies and equipment 30 8 8 6 6 8 66

Region

Updating disease epidemiology and key intervention coverage trends 42 13 11 6 7 9 88

Developing a concept note or proposal

Negotiating grants and implementing service delivery 40 14 11 11 9 9 94

Reporting on monitoring and evaluation of grant progress and performance 35 3 7 2 6 8 61

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

41 12 11 10 8 10 92

WHO country offices act as a subrecipient 3 for the implementation of 43 Global Fund grants. WHO uses these grants to strengthen national programmes for HIV, TB, malaria, health systems and reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health. TB is the primary area where WHO country offices are subrecipients of Global Fund grants (39%) in regions followed by HIV (24%) and malaria (21%). More country offices in the African Region (23%), Western Pacific Region (23%) and Eastern Mediterranean Region (19%) are subrecipients compared with the other WHO regions. WHO representation in the country coordinating mechanism, a Global Fund mechanism to facilitate coordination on grants at the country level, was reported in 84 countries, territories and areas. In 11 of these, the WHO co-chaired this mechanism (Fig. 14 and Box 3).

Subrecipients are legal entities that receive Global Fund funding through the principal recipient for implementing specific programme activities. Subrecipients are contracted by and report to the principal recipient.

Who we work with

Fig. 14 Distribution of Global Fund grants (number and %) with WHO as a subrecipient by WHO region

Global

Western Pacific Region

South-East Asia Region

Health system strengthening Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health Malaria TB HIV

European Region Eastern Mediterranean Region Region of the Americas

African Region

Box 3. Collaboration between WHO and the Global Fund WHO and the Global Fund have developed a long-term, sustainable partnership to promote prevention and control to end the epidemics of HIV, TB and malaria. Under this partnership, until June 2016, more than US$ 24.6 million had been mobilized and spent to strengthen countries’ ability to develop strategic, result-oriented grant proposals and effectively implement the approved grants. This collaboration is executed through the following key elements: • in-country technical assistance; • building the capacity of technical assistance providers through regional offices; and • assuring the quality of the technical assistance provided. WHO staff members at the country, regional and headquarters levels provide invaluable support to help attract critical financial resources from the Global Fund for government and civil society organizations. More than 400 WHO staff members directly and indirectly contribute meaningfully to Global Fund processes and supporting health ministries in effectively implementing grants.

Who we work with

4.6.2 WHO and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance is an international alliance that was created in 2000 to improve access to new and underused vaccines for children living in the world’s poorest countries. WHO is a key partner in Gavi, including at the country level. WHO country offices are involved in developing proposals, implementing grants and monitoring the financial resources provided by Gavi to countries to strengthen immunization services, introduce new vaccines and strengthen health systems (Table 36 and Box 4).

Table 36 Contribution of WHO country offices in Gavi grants by WHO region (number of countries) Member of a interagency coordination committee or equivalent 39 5

Region

Developing proposals

Supporting implementation

Reporting and monitoring

Chair an interagency coordination committee or equivalent 4 1

Channelling funding for cash grants

Other

African Region Region of the Americas Eastern Mediterranean Region European Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region Total

39 5

38 6

38 5

16 2

0 1

7 8 6 72

5 8 6 69

8 6 3 66

0 2 1 9

1 1 0 22

1 1 0 3

Box 4. WHO support for Gavi in the field In the field, Gavi depends on collaboration with WHO’s six regional offices and country offices in countries that receive Gavi support. This support is provided through: • regional working groups that coordinate support for country programmes working through a core group of partners usually led by WHO and UNICEF; • WHO country offices working closely with national health authorities and their partner organizations in identifying national health priorities, formulating policy and supporting immunization and health system development; and • WHO offices also assisting country health authorities in drafting applications for Gavi support and drawing up a plan of action for introducing vaccines. In addition, WHO staff members provide technical support for implementing immunization programmes, including storage and logistics, and monitoring and evaluating vaccines and equipment after they are introduced.

Who we work with

Globally, WHO country offices in 73 (49%) countries, territories and areas reported contributing to accessing, implementing, monitoring and delivering Gavi grants. The engagement of WHO country offices in Gavi grants has decreased by 9 percentage points compared with the 2015 country presence report because of the reduction in the number of Gavi-eligible countries and/or countries phasing out of the Gavi support.

4.7 South–South and triangular cooperation South–South cooperation refers to the exchange of expertise between actors (governments, organizations and individuals) in low- and middle-income countries. Through this model of cooperation, low- and middle-income countries help each other with knowledge, technical assistance and/or investment. Triangular cooperation refers to development partners, countries and international organizations providing financial or technical support to facilitate development activities between two low- and middle-income countries. Globally, WHO country offices in 112 (76%) countries, territories and areas in six regions reported providing support to South–South cooperation and/or triangular cooperation. This support was extended in the areas of WHO leadership priorities in the form of knowledge transfer, exchange of personnel, financial contributions and provision of supplies, equipment and commodities. Among regions, 100% of the country offices in the South-East Asia Region and Region of the Americas reported this cooperation followed by 85% in the African Region, 80% in the Western Pacific Region, 71% in the Eastern Mediterranean Region and 34% in the European Region.

5. What are the results of our work Delivering results: making a meaningful difference at the country level

What are the results of our work

Delivering results at the country level is at the core of country-focused policy anchored in WHO reform. The 12th General Programme of Work underscores the need for WHO to improve its performance, especially at the country level. WHO joined the International Aid Transparency Initiative in October 2016, and this has given further impetus to WHO’s efforts to promote value for money and demonstrate results at the country level. This section includes selected results in the priority areas of WHO work in countries, territories and areas. This does not provide a comprehensive picture of all the results achieved in countries. A separate report being presented to the World Health Assembly will provide more details on achievements. As part of the online survey in 2016, country offices were asked to provide the three most significant measurable results achieved in the country with WHO support during the survey coverage period. The survey responses from 136 offices were then classified into the main areas of work: communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases, promoting health through the life-course (such as reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health; social determinants of health; and health and environment), health systems and universal health coverage, health emergencies and the International Health Regulations and an integrated and multisectoral response to the Sustainable Development Goals (collaborating with sectors other than health). In addition to this survey, technical departments were also asked to share success stories in their respective areas of work. Reports and websites of headquarters, regional and country offices were scanned to extract information for this section. However, this is an initial attempt in a broader process to improve and expand reporting on WHO’s country-level results and will continue to be improved.

What are the results of our work

Health systems and universal health coverage

In brief In Somalia, the WHO country office has supported the development of a national health policy. Besides the policy, WHO provided experts to draft the health component of the national development plan and develop the national health sector strategic plans. In Bangladesh, the WHO country office provided technical assistance for comprehensively including health in the seventh five-year plan, a strategic development document of the government. In Czechia, the WHO country office assisted in drafting and obtaining parliamentary endorsement of Health 2020 – National Strategy for Health Protection and Promotion and Disease Prevention. The Strategy is a general set of measures for strengthening health systems and ensuring universal health coverage in the country. It aligns with the WHO Health 2020 European policy framework. In Mongolia, the government and WHO conceived and initiated an integrated screening programme for priority communicable and noncommunicable diseases with the support of partners. The initiative uses mHealth technology equipment and mobile health services to reach out to marginalized, underserved and disadvantaged populations with funding support from partners. In Peru, WHO teams helped national authorities to implement a survey on budgeting practices for health. The survey aimed to provide an internationally comparable set of data that will enable good practices in budgeting for health to be analysed and benchmarked. In Madagascar, WHO teams contributed to developing the National Strategy for Universal Health Coverage.

Brazil’s successful More Doctors initiative brought health care to 63 million people A ground breaking effort by Brazil in collaboration with PAHO/WHO has reached an estimated 63 million people in historically underserved communities since it was launched in 2013. The programme, known as Mais Médicos (More Doctors), has deployed more than 18 000 health-care professionals from Brazil and other countries to more than 4000 municipalities, mostly socioeconomically vulnerable areas in remote zones, on the outskirts of cities or in Brazil’s 34 special indigenous health districts. The programme has addressed the health-care access challenges by increasing the availability of medical training in Brazil’s national universities, improving incentives for health professionals to work in underserved areas and recruiting health professionals from outside the country when such incentives have failed to attract sufficient numbers of Brazilians. Given the success of the initiative, PAHO/WHO and the Minister of Health of Brazil signed an agreement in September 2016 that renewed the technical cooperation for Mais Médicos for a further three years. Cuba is also a key partner in this initiative. Mais Médicos is a triangular partnership involving Cuba, Brazil and PAHO/ WHO. This collaboration has added both strategic value in reducing gaps in health equity and has capitalized on the unique nature of the Cuba–Brazil South–South collaboration experience, triangulated through PAHO/WHO.

What are the results of our work

Reducing surgical site infections in Uganda At Kisiizi Hospital in Kisiizi, south-western Uganda, a WHO programme to reduce the risk of life-threatening infections for people undergoing surgery is helping to turn the tide through some remarkably simple changes. Kisiizi is one of five African hospitals participating in WHO’s Surgical Unit–based Safety Programme, which aims to reduce surgical site infections at hospitals in Kenya, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. As part of the programme, Kisiizi has been twinned with the Countess of Chester Hospital in Chester, United Kingdom, which provides patient safety mentoring. In addition to reducing the number of infections, Kisiizi’s doctors have also reduced the unnecessary use of antibiotics after surgery, helping to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance. About 24% of the people undergoing surgery now receive postoperative antibiotics, down from 93% before the new measures were introduced. Closing the doors to operating theatres, reducing the number of people in the theatre, limiting traffic into and out of the theatre and ensuring that patients bathe before surgery are all helping to reduce the number of infections. “A few simple steps can prevent many of these infections,” says WHO’s representative in Uganda. “Not only does that spare people undergoing surgery needless suffering, it also saves substantial money for families, hospitals and Uganda’s health system.”

Samoa’s journey towards a paperless health system In Samoa, WHO has been supporting the Ministry of Health to move from a paper-based system of managing health information to a sector-wide electronic system. The WHO support has been informed by global and regional efforts to improve health information to meet country needs. At the subregional level, there is a Pacific Health Information Network and a Brisbane Accord Group of partners. The Division of Pacific Technical Support of the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific has been contributing to these groups and striving to improve civil registration and vital statistics in countries, including Samoa. The WHO country team in Samoa developed national health information policies and strategies and used health information tools (such as an electronic immunization registry) to guide the development of a new, nationwide comprehensive electronic health information system.

Health strategy for 2016–2019 for Kazakhstan In Kazakhstan, the WHO country office initiated the process of developing a health strategy in 2015 for 2016–2019 by convening a multistakeholder review of the previous programme using a Health 2020 lens for evaluation. The outcome informed the process of developing the new programme, including key priority areas. This was the first time a multistakeholder round-table in Kazakhstan reviewed the implementation of a health programme and identified the priorities for the next programme. It included nongovernmental organizations, United Nations agencies, the European Union, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, national health partners and non-health ministries (education and national economy). The advice of the WHO country office was also instrumental in selecting indicators transcending the traditional medical indicators.

Strengthening the health system in Nepal amid vulnerability and structural reforms Nepal is a landlocked country facing several health challenges amid vulnerability such as natural disasters. As the country moves towards a federal system, WHO and partners are working together to strengthen the health system to meet the country’s needs. Universal health coverage assumes a central strategic direction in these efforts along with four other pillars: quality, equity, a multisectoral approach and health sector reform. WHO plays a pivotal role and convenes the national steering committee on the quality of health services.

What are the results of our work

Support from WHO was instrumental in securing US$ 36.5 million from Gavi from 2015 to 2019 to strengthen health systems. The WHO country team led the efforts to streamline the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in Nepal’s current health sector strategy from 2015–2016 to 2020–2021. The WHO country team has worked closely with the government’s monitoring and evaluation working group and partners to adopt health-related indicators and establish baseline and targets. Realizing its growing needs in the country, the WHO country office has recruited seven more experts to its national team to effectively assist the Ministry of Health.

Communicable diseases

In brief In Equatorial Guinea, the WHO country office supported the development of a strategic plan to prevent and control multidrug-resistant TB. The WHO country office defined a mechanism for monitoring and preventing the spread of TB, and people with active TB were provided treatment. The country office strengthened infrastructure support by providing two rapid diagnostic tests, GeneXpert® MTB/RIF machines and training 36 health-care providers on preventing and clinically managing the people with multidrug-resistant TB. The WHO country office supported Timor-Leste in conducting a national measles, rubella and polio immunization campaign in 2015. The campaign achieved very high coverage, and the authorities duly acknowledged support from WHO. The WHO country office also successfully involved the Prime Minister in promoting routine immunization as five new vaccines were introduced in the country. Using assistance from the WHO country team, Fiji designed and piloted a national quality assurance programme for health laboratories and developed a national action plan for combating antimicrobial resistance. In Jordan, the WHO country office supported the Ministry of Health in establishing a nationwide electronic public health surveillance system covering data from the main health sector providers. Money from the Partnership Contribution of the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness led by WHO provided part of the initial support for the system. Cuba became the first country in the world to eliminate the mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in 2015. The WHO country office worked closely with national authorities and partners to achieve this success. The WHO country team led efforts, along with other partners, to certify Kyrgyzstan as a malaria-free country in 2016 after a decade of planning, stakeholder mobilization and action at the national and local levels.

Staying the course towards eradicating polio in Afghanistan Afghanistan’s long struggle to eradicate polio is showing strong signs that the country is closer than it has ever been to finally stopping the disease. The concerted efforts of the WHO country office, the government and partners resulted in only 13 cases in 2016, down from 20 in 2015 and 28 in 2014. Notably, 99% of all districts ended the year polio-free, with transmission localized to small geographical areas in the southern, eastern and south-eastern areas of the country.

What are the results of our work

The quality of immunization campaigns across the country improved notably in 2016 – especially in high-risk areas – with significantly more children being reached and protected than ever before. The proportion of areas achieving the required coverage standards in post-campaign lot quality assessment surveys increased from 68% in December 2015 to 93% in December 2016. Concurrently, the quality of campaign monitoring has improved, with new approaches including remote monitoring through mobile phone technology and independent third-party monitoring. Afghanistan and Pakistan comprise one epidemiological block, and reaching children on the move is another priority. In 2016, cross-border teams vaccinated more than 122 000 returning children with the oral polio vaccine and more than 32 000 with the injectable inactivated polio vaccine.

United against antimicrobial resistance in the Philippines The Philippines has taken significant steps to address the public health challenge of antibiotic resistance. Together with WHO, the Department of Health launched the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program and the Philippines Antibiotic Awareness Week in 2016. The initiative was part of efforts by the government linked with the Philippine Action Plan to Combat Antibiotic Resistance – One Health Approach announced at the first 2015 Antibiotic Resistance Summit. The campaign on antibiotic resistance is being carried out in partnership between the Department of Health, WHO, Department of Agriculture and other member organizations of the Inter-Agency Committee on Antibiotic Resistance in the Philippines. The misuse of antibiotics in the clinical and community settings has been regarded as a major driver of antibiotic resistance. The WHO country office has assisted the Department of Health in developing a set of operational tools that aim to help curb the rise of resistance. This package of tools includes an antimicrobial stewardship manual of procedures, national antibiotic guidelines and an antimicrobial consumption methods guide for the Philippines. The tools are expected to help guide health-care professionals in implementing hospital interventions that ensuring optimized antimicrobial treatment for all patients to address antibiotic resistance.

What are the results of our work

Noncommunicable diseases

In brief In Slovenia, the WHO country office played a critical role in developing and adopting one of the most comprehensive laws on tobacco control in the European Region, including standard packaging. In Bhutan, the WHO country office catalysed the completion of a nationwide WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance (STEPS) survey on noncommunicable diseases, development of a national action plan on noncommunicable diseases (2015–2020) and expansion of the WHO Package of Essential Interventions (PEN) for all primary health care facilities. In 2016, WHO piloted the use of two new technologies for collecting data through household surveys in Ecuador to implement the WHO STEPS survey at the subnational level. The successful use of web-based tablet computers for data entry and devices for biochemical measurements enabled more accurate monitoring of cholesterol levels and diabetes. In Angola, the government, with technical support and advocacy efforts from the WHO country office, approved an increase in the tobacco tax of 50% for imported products and 30% for consumption. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the WHO country office provided effective assistance in implementing a national action plan on noncommunicable diseases based on the WHO framework for preventing and controlling noncommunicable diseases. In Tonga, the WHO country office supported the multisectoral national noncommunicable diseases committee to develop a national strategy for preventing and controlling noncommunicable diseases for 2015–2020.

Sri Lanka NCD Alliance: whole-of-society approaches The government officially launched the Sri Lanka NCD Alliance in 2016 with support from WHO. The WHO country office has led the efforts in developing this alliance through advocacy, coordination and guidance. The Alliance is a major step in fighting noncommunicable diseases in Sri Lanka, providing a participatory platform for stakeholders from all sectors, including academia, communities and civil society, to combat this rising challenge. With a vision of creating healthy lifestyles and healthy communities through health promotion and advocacy to safeguard individuals from premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases, the Sri Lanka NCD Alliance is expected to be the model for many other multisectoral collaboration mechanisms.

Controlling tobacco and betel nut chewing through legislation in the Federated States of Micronesia and nearby countries Chewing tobacco and betel nut is common in the Pacific. WHO classifies betel nut as a carcinogen, and chewing betel nut with tobacco increases the risks of illness and death. The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia has taken the lead on this public health challenge with the support of the WHO country office and has made significant progress, as have other nearby countries. For example, in Pohnpei in the Federated States of Micronesia, the legislature passed a law regulating betel nut; in the Marshall Islands, an amendment to include import duties on betel nut was introduced; and in Palau, a portion of alcohol and tobacco taxes was allocated to support multisectoral noncommunicable disease prevention. The WHO country team provided support to the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia in drafting legislation in accordance with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. These laws are expected to curb the use of tobacco and betel nut in the northern Pacific.

What are the results of our work

Estonia tackles obesity with a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages Estonia, with support from WHO, has unveiled plans to tackle obesity by reducing sugar consumption and introducing a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages that is set to enter into force in 2018. The catalyst for this innovative step is Reducing the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and their negative impact in Estonia, an evidence brief for policy: a compelling body of global and local evidence prepared by Estonia’s policy-makers, public health experts and academic researchers. The WHO country team supported the evidence brief for policy, which was produced under the umbrella of the Evidence-informed Policy Network, a global WHO initiative. The tax is expected to raise €24 million in revenue per year, which is predicted to lead to lower intake of refined and added sugar and energy and thereby contribute to improving dental health and reducing the prevalence of obesity. Similarly, in Latvia, taxes were introduced in response to evidence presented in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children report produced by WHO in March 2016. There are successful examples of similar taxes in France, Hungary, Latvia and Mexico. Many other countries are examining the body of evidence supporting such taxation and are considering following suit.

Mexico’s experience with a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages In 2015, PAHO/WHO published Taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages as a public health strategy: the experience of Mexico, which documents Mexico’s experience with adopting a 10% excise tax on sugar-sweetened beverages in 2014. This report describes how supporters of the tax initiative overcame the active opposition of the soft drink industry and its allies in Mexico. The report cites the preliminary results of a study conducted jointly by Mexico’s National Institute of Public Health and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, which revealed an average 6% reduction in sales of the taxed beverages during the tax’s first year compared with the previous year. Mexico’s experience has informed similar efforts in Barbados, Dominica and Ecuador, which all implemented soda taxes in 2015 or 2016.

What are the results of our work

Health emergencies and the International Health Regulations

In brief In Ecuador, the WHO country office rapidly mobilized support to assist Ecuador in addressing the needs emerging from a 7.8-magnitude earthquake that struck the country in 2016, affecting more than 720 000 people. WHO provided staff and resources for coordinating the humanitarian response, assessing needs, managing and communicating information and managing logistics supply. In Nigeria, along with other key partners, the WHO country office supported the Ministry of Health in surveillance and response for Lassa fever outbreaks. The support included contact tracing, follow-up and community mobilization. In the Philippines, WHO led a successful emergency response for Typhoon Lando in Luzon in partnership with the Department of Health and local and international nongovernmental organizations including the Philippine Nurses Association, International Medical Corps and Action against Hunger (ACF). During the earthquake in Nepal in 2015, the WHO country office led the health cluster and provided leadership in coordinating the humanitarian and health emergency response using active support from WHO regional and headquarters teams. In Tunisia, the WHO country office worked with the government and successfully conducted a national-level service availability and readiness assessment survey in a most challenging environment. In Serbia, after the flooding emergency in May 2014, WHO initiated the development of the national health emergency response plan. The plan was drafted, and the development of the contingency procedures was ongoing.

WHO work during evacuations from eastern Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic Intensified fighting in eastern Aleppo, Syrian Arab Republic starting in July 2016 resulted in thousands of people being injured and killed and deprived the civilian population of essential services, including health care. In September 2016, the humanitarian community began negotiating with parties to the conflict to obtain approval for a medical evacuation and assistance plan. The WHO country office together with its on-the-ground partner organizations played a leading role in medical evacuation and providing assistance during this evacuation and assistance plan. WHO developed a full package of operational documents for medical evacuation, including the detailed concept of operations and agreements with local nongovernmental organization partners. Essential medical supplies, including life-saving medicines, were prepositioned in health facilities on possible routes of evacuation. Stand-by agreements for ambulance transport were finalized with local nongovernmental organization partners to enable medical evacuation. From 15–23 December, more than 36 086 people, including men, women, children, people with disabilities and older people, were successfully evacuated from eastern Aleppo. WHO supported the implementation of the medical evacuation plan for critically ill and injured residents and accompanying family members.

What are the results of our work

Delivering logistics successfully for the yellow fever vaccination campaign in the Democratic Republic of the Congo WHO and its partners carried out the largest emergency yellow fever vaccination campaign ever held in Africa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Given the high risk of transmission of the mosquito-borne disease in the densely populated capital city of Kinshasa, the vaccination campaign aimed to protect as many people at risk as possible and stop the outbreak before the rainy season begins in late September. The logistics involved in vaccinating more than 10.5 million people in 32 health zones in Kinshasa provinces and 15 health zones in the remote areas bordering Angola were complex and challenging. WHO deployed 15 logisticians to plan and transport more than 10 million syringes, vaccine doses in more than 38 000 vaccine carriers by truck, car, motorcycle and boat and often by foot to the targeted 8000 vaccination sites, many of them in remote and hard-to-reach areas. Delivering all the supplies for a vaccination campaign was a complex challenge. However, WHO and its partners, such as World Food Programme, made it possible.

More than 729 000 people successfully vaccinated against cholera in Haiti Haiti’s Ministry of Health, together with WHO teams and partners, successfully carried out a vaccination campaign against cholera, reaching more than 729 000 people with vaccines in Sud and Grand Anse departments, areas ravaged by Hurricane Matthew. With support from the WHO country office and other partners, vaccination teams fanned out across the two departments aiming to reduce the burden of cholera cases by immunizing people in 16 communes in which cholera cases had been reported and water and sanitation systems were damaged. Epidemiologists and immunization experts were mobilized to support the campaign, which was carried out with 1 million doses of oral cholera vaccine provided by Gavi through the Global Task Force for Cholera Control. Since Hurricane Matthew struck Haiti on 4 October 2016, the Ministry of Health reported more than 5800 suspected cholera cases.

Outbreak early warning system after Cyclone Pam in Vanuatu Vanuatu is very vulnerable to natural disasters and emergencies. Last year, Cyclone Pam was the strongest cyclone ever recorded in the southern Pacific. The cyclone travelled directly over the capital city of Port Vila. Initially, there was no electricity, no communication and no functioning air and sea transport, and many roads were blocked. Ninety per cent of the buildings were damaged, the WHO country office was flooded and many staff members’ homes were damaged or destroyed. While aiding the response, the country team also suffered. The WHO country team was able to respond immediately as a result of the existing operating procedures that linked them with the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific in Manila and the Division of Pacific Technical Support in Fiji. As soon as flights resumed, experienced staff from the WHO Regional Office arrived to help coordinate the health cluster activities. During this time, WHO teams together with the Ministry of Health expanded the existing syndromic surveillance system with additional syndromes and reporting sites in affected areas. It proved to be the key intervention for timely detection of and response to outbreaks and to map which areas needed to be given priority for relief and recovery operations. WHO teams also assisted in coordinating emergency activities and medical teams from other countries with mental health services and repairing health facilities.

Strengthening emergency preparedness and response in the Maldives In the Maldives, the WHO country office continues to give emergency preparedness and response high priority in its support to the Ministry of Health. Given the announcement of Zika as a public health emergency of international concern and reported positive cases in both tourists and the resident population, the WHO country team supported the Ministry of Health in its efforts to control the vector through nationwide vector control campaigns, strengthening surveillance and undertaking risk communication activities across the country. A multistakeholder International Health Regulations Committee already exists in the country and met periodically to review the preparedness. With a high level of commitment to strengthen the national core capacity; the Maldives made a

What are the results of our work

request for a joint external evaluation mission. To augment the surveillance capacity, the laboratory of the Indira Gandhi Memorial Hospital was provided with a new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) machine to detect pandemic influenza, Zika and other emerging pathogens. The WHO country team also undertook several capacity-building workshops to strengthen national capacity, ensuring effective preparedness and response.

Pakistan, the first in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to conduct joint external evaluation Pakistan became the first country in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region to conduct joint external evaluation in 2016. The WHO Country Office and the Government jointly facilitated the evaluation together with the WHO Regional Office for Eastern Mediterranean, the WHO Regional Office for Europe and WHO headquarters. This evaluation was a joint assessment of the core capacity of Pakistan in the International Health Regulations (2005) using the WHO International Health Regulations joint external evaluation tool. A multisectoral international external evaluation team comprising experts from several countries and international organizations conducted the assessment. The evaluation was based on completely collaborative, multisectoral discussions with country experts at both the national and provincial levels. The timing of the joint external evaluation was optimal given international attention to global health security and the scenario that, after health sector devolution, the country is on the verge of eradicating polio. The evaluation exercise identified five major cross-cutting themes from the review of the 19 technical areas that are required to fulfil the International Health Regulations requirements to prevent, detect and mount a comprehensive public health response to health threats, including: • a critical need for a sufficiently funded, widely supported five-year plan or roadmap for the country to strengthen International Health Regulations capabilities; • a need to establish strong, visible, active surveillance and a tiered public health laboratory system; • a need to develop and enhance regulations, standards and coordination mechanisms for food safety; and • a need for a national intersectoral approach. Following up on findings and recommendations of the joint external evaluation mission, Pakistan has moved forward and developed a national action plan for the International Health Regulations Global Health Security Agenda. So far only Pakistan and the United Republic of Tanzania have developed such plans after the assessments.

What are the results of our work

Promoting health through the life-course

In brief In Guatemala, the PAHO/WHO country team extended support to address the nutritional emergency caused by drought in priority municipalities. The PAHO/WHO country team jointly implemented two emergency projects funded by United Nations Central Emergency Response Fund and another funded by the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations of the European Commission to provide health and nutrition services to more than 250 000 children in need in these municipalities. In Romania, the President launched the Multiannual Plan on Health Promotion and Health Education. The WHO country team assisted in developing the Plan. In Kiribati, the WHO country office led the process of promoting community engagement in addressing risk factors and social determinants of health through initiatives under the Framework of Action for Revitalization of Healthy Islands in the Pacific and under Safe Communities. In Morocco, the WHO country office provided support in developing the 2017–2021 strategy to reduce deaths among children and mothers. The strategy is based on a WHO-funded comprehensive evaluation of strategies from 1990 to 2013. In Ethiopia, the WHO country office led a coordination and facilitation process that ended in the development of the joint programme in relation to the Global Health Partnership H6 for maternal, newborn and child health, including preventing the mother-to-child transmission of HIV. In Thailand, through the support of WHO, an integrated data system was developed to serve as a foundation for better national reporting on road traffic fatalities.

Reducing maternal and newborn mortality in Cambodia Cambodia is a success story in achieving the Millennium Development Goal of reducing deaths among mothers and children younger than five years by 2015. This was a key national achievement made possible with proactive contribution from the WHO country team backed by regional and headquarter input. Using the overarching guidance from WHO headquarters setting norms and standards on maternal and child health, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific tailored this guidance and developed an Action Plan for Healthy Newborn Infants in the Western Pacific Region for 2014–2020. As part of this Plan, new ways of teaching and coaching were introduced. Cambodia was one of the first countries in the Western Pacific Region to test this new approach. Later other countries adopted it, and it is now widely used across the Region. The WHO country team supported the Ministry of Health in harmonizing the use of national guidelines, training health workers and developing standards. With this support, the WHO country office contributed to the Ministry of Health’s focus on maternal and child health and assisting the country in achieving the Millennium Development Goal.

WHO contributes to reducing maternal morbidity and mortality in Tajikistan Tajikistan, like other countries in the WHO European Region, has seen great progress towards improving maternal and perinatal health. However, the maternal morbidity and mortality rates remain high. In 2015, the WHO country office and the United Nations Population Fund, together with the Ministry of Health and Social Protection devel-

What are the results of our work

oped and approved a package of guidance on reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in the country. This was part of the efforts ongoing since 2008 when Tajikistan, along with other countries in the Region, began implementing the WHO method Beyond the Numbers. Between 2008 and 2015, the Ministry, with support from WHO and partners, conducted several activities aimed at reducing maternal morbidity and mortality in the country. In 2015, a WHO-supported roundtable was organized with representation from representatives of the Ministry, managers and staff of health institutions, development partners and members of the Association of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. The roundtable reviewed the confidential enquiry into maternal deaths method, an analysis of the maternal death cases, including medical and nonmedical factors leading to adverse outcomes, and recommendations on improving the quality of services provided to pregnant women, mothers and new born.

Strengthening road safety in Thailand Thailand has the second highest road traffic fatality rate in the world, at 36.2 per 100 000 population, with an annual estimate of more than 24 000 deaths or 66 every day. The WHO country office has supported the country in improving road safety. It commissioned Thailand’s Road Safety Institutional and Legal Assessment with financial support from the Bloomberg Philanthropies. The assessment revealed legislative improvement needs for speed, drink-driving, enforcement, helmets, seat-belts and child restraints. WHO also successfully advocated for establishing the Working Group to Review Road Safety Legislation under the national Road Safety Directing Center. The WHO country office works with the national counterparts under its country cooperation strategy to develop an integrated national system for road safety data. WHO collaborated with the Bureau of Noncommunicable Diseases to strengthen the capacity of regional and provincial surveillance rapid response teams in carrying out road crash injury investigations across the country. The collaboration led to improved investigation guidelines and a set of recommendations for community measures to tackle road crash injuries at the provincial level. To enhance Thailand’s ability to comply with international safety standards, the WHO country office supported the Ministry of Health in implementing a pilot project to promote the use of child restraints in four regions of Thailand.

What are the results of our work

Integrated and multisectoral response to the Sustainable Development Goals: collaboration with sectors other than health Promoting intersectoral partnerships for health and sustainable development in India In India, the WHO country office has built strong partnerships with United Nations agencies and created the United Nations Health Group and Health Partners Group for information and experience sharing. The efforts aim to promote intersectoral partnerships for health and to bring coherence to achieve the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in the country. The United Nations consolidated framework has been developed to demonstrate a joint work plan, for example, with UNICEF on immunization and nutrition; UNAIDS on HIV; UNFPA on reproductive health; UN Women on violence against women and gender equity; and World Food Programme on nutrition for TB and wheat fortification for young children. In addition, the country office has been working closely with WHO collaborating centres, educational and research institutions and civil society to deliver health programmes. The collaboration has expanded to include the Bloomberg Initiative to Reduce Tobacco Use and the Bloomberg Global Road Safety Initiative; the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on the global health security agenda, polio surveillance, antimicrobial resistance, TB and wheat fortification; the Bill & Melinda Gate Foundation on neglected tropical diseases; the Sasakawa Foundation on eliminating leprosy; and the Public Health Foundation of India on noncommunicable diseases and health systems.

Successful localization of Sustainable Development Goals in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia In the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, the process of localization of the Sustainable Development Goals attracted high-level political commitment and was led by the Deputy Prime Minister. This high level of involvement helped enable health and well-being to be placed squarely within the country’s development agenda. WHO’s leadership role in convening and facilitating the formulation of the national health strategy was crucial to the developments that led to the finalization of this process. The national health strategy of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia is the country’s first overarching national health policy since independence, and its vision and strategic direction are coherent with the government’s National Strategy for Development as well as the WHO European policy framework for health and well-being, Health 2020, and the Sustainable Development Goals.

What are the results of our work

Multisectoral partnership in the Philippines on water safety to prevent waterborne diseases Access to safe water prevents diseases and saves lives. The New Water Safety Plan Policy of the Government of the Philippine requires all water supplies to develop and implement water safety plans. The Department of Health and WHO are leading a multi-partner water safety planning project. At a cost of less than US$ 0.04 cents per beneficiary, the project will deliver 90 water safety plans for 24 million people. This multisectoral partnership includes government departments such as health, interior and local government; environment and natural resources along with local water utilities administrations, metropolitan waterworks and sewage systems and the National Water Resources Board. Development partners and other United Nations agencies are also part of this initiative, including the Asian Development Bank, Oxfam International, Sustainable Development Goals Fund, UNICEF and the United States Agency for International Development. In 2006, WHO introduced the concept of water safety plans in the Philippines, with support from the Australian Agency for International Development. This was later included in the 2007 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water. Water safety plans minimize the outbreaks of waterborne diseases that still confront the country, despite high coverage of water supply (92%).

Annexes

Annex 1 List of WHO Member States and Associate Member States Member States Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cabo Verde Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo (the) Cook Islands Costa Rica Côte d’Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czechia Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Fiji Finland France Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Greece Grenada Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Honduras Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People’s Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Lithuania Luxembourg Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Mexico Micronesia (Federated States of) Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal

Annexes

Associate Member States: Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Portugal Qatar Republic of Korea Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan Thailand The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland United Republic of Tanzania United States of America Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) Viet Nam Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Tokelau Puerto Rico

Annexes

Annex 2 WHO offices in countries, territories and areas African Region Country, territory, area Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo(the) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho

African Region Office location Algiers Luanda Cotonou Gaborone Ouagadougou Bujumbura Praia Yaoundé Bangui N’Djamena Moroni Brazzaville Abidjan Kinshasa

Country, territory, area Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania (the) Zambia Zimbabwe

Office location Monrovia Antananarivo Lilongwe Bamako Nouakchott Port Louis Maputo Windhoek Niamey Abuja Kigali Sao Tome Dakar Victoria, Mahé Freetown Pretoria Juba Mbabane Lomé Kampala Dar es Salaam

Malabo Asmara Addis-Ababa Libreville Banjul Accra Conakry Bissau Nairobi Maseru

Lusaka Harare

Annexes

Region of the Americas Country, territory, area Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Eastern Mediterranean Region Office location Buenos Aires Nassau, New Providence Bridgetown Belize City La Paz

Country, territory, area Afghanistan Djibouti Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Pakistan Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia West Bank & Gaza Strip Yemen

Office location Kabul Djibouti Cairo Tehran Baghdad Amman Beirut Tripoli Rabat Muscat Islamabad Riyadh Nairobi Khartoum Damascus Tunis Jerusalem Sana’a

Brasilia Santiago Bogotá San Jose Havana Santo Domingo Quito San Salvador Guatemala City Georgetown Port-au-Prince Tegucigalpa Kingston Mexico City Managua Panama City Asunción Lima Paramaribo Port-of-Spain Montevideo Caracas

Annexes

European Region Country, territory, area Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czechia Estonia Georgia Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Montenegro Poland Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Tajikistan The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan

South-East Asia Region Office location Tirana Yerevan Baku Minsk Sarajevo Sofia Zagreb Prague Tallinn Tbilisi Budapest Astana Bishkek Riga Vilnius Podgorica Warsaw Chisinau Bucharest Moscow Belgrade Bratislava Ljubljana Dushanbe Skopje

Country, territory, area Bangladesh Bhutan Democratic People’s Republic of Korea India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

Office location Dhaka Thimphu Pyongyang

New Delhi Jakarta Male Yangon Kathmandu Colombo Nonthaburi Dili

Ankara Ashgabat Kyiv Tashkent

Annexes

Western Pacific Region Country, territory, area Cambodia China Kiribati Lao People’s Democratic Republic (the) Malaysia Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Solomon Islands South Pacific Tonga Vanuatu Viet Nam

Office location Phnom Penh Beijing Tarawa Vientiane

Kuala Lumpur Palikir

Ulaanbaatar Port Moresby Manila Apia Honiara Suva Nuku’alofa Port Villa Hanoi

Annexes

Annex 3 Number and categories of staff members working in WHO offices in countries, territories and areas African Region Total workforce 16 89 24 15 34 21 33 8 41 58 17 25 35 125 12 20 153 16 19 32 106 13 51 15 86

Country Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo (the) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia

International professional staff members 2 13 1 1 2 2 3 1 9 15 1 1 4 10 0 1 8 3 2 3 7 2 7 2 8

National professional staff members 7 24 10 6 10 7 14 3 11 10 5 9 11 45 4 6 74 4 6 11 11 3 19 4 7

General service staff members 7 52 13 8 22 12 16 4 21 33 11 15 20 70 8 13 71 9 11 18 88 8 25 9 71

Annexes

African Region Total workforce 23 26 27 23 8 26 17 41 371 25 8 23 6 133 22 50 17 21 47 45 34 38

Country Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania (the) Zambia Zimbabwe

International professional staff members 1 2 4 4 1 3 4 6 29 2 0 2 0 59 4 23 2 3 2 6 2 3

National professional staff members 9 12 9 8 1 11 3 15 118 11 3 9 3 9 6 17 5 5 22 16 17 10

General service staff members 13 12 14 11 6 12 10 20 224 12 5 12 3 65 12 10 10 13 23 23 15 25

Annexes

Region of the Americas Total workforce 1 1 12 3 26 4 13 53 10 17 7 1 1 10 11 8 1 16 8 16 8 8 15 10

Country Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua

International professional staff members 0 0 4 2 17 2 4 18 2 6 3 1 0 6 3 5 0 6 3 9 2 4 7 3

National professional staff members 1 1 3 1 1 1 4 21 2 6 1 0 1 1 3 0 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 4

General service staff members 0 0 5 0 8 1 5 14 6 5 3 0 0 3 5 3 0 7 2 6 4 2 6 3

Annexes

Region of the Americas Total workforce 9 9 24 1 1 1 5 9 11 13

Country Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

International professional staff members 6 6 15 0 0 0 3 5 5 3

National professional staff members 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 3 2

General service staff members 2 3 7 0 0 0 1 3 3 8

Annexes

Eastern Mediterranean Region Total workforce 91 20 16 18 42 13 8 6 9 10 115 6 45 52 53 16 12 61

Country Afghanistan Djibouti Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Jordan Lebanon Libya Morocco Oman Pakistan Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen

International professional staff members 23 9 2 1 15 5 0 0 1 0 33 1 17 6 5 4 2 7

National professional staff members 15 0 6 4 9 1 2 2 2 1 21 1 9 6 15 1 4 22

General service staff members 53 11 8 13 18 7 6 4 6 9 61 4 19 40 33 11 6 32

Annexes

European Region Total workforce 5 6 5 5 8 2 2 2 2 2 6 3 2 4 9 2 3 2 2 12 2 9 12 2 1 4 27 12 5 22 13

Country Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czechia Denmark Estonia Georgia Greece Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Montenegro Poland Republic of Moldova Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovakia Slovenia The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkey Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan

International professional staff members 1 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 14 2 0 5 0

National professional staff members 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 7 1 5 5 1 0 1 5 5 2 8 5

General service staff members 2 3 3 2 5 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 4 1 3 6 1 1 3 8 5 3 9 8

Annexes

South-East Asia Region Total workforce 68 14 6 75 66 19 64 46 29 23 23

Country Bangladesh Bhutan Democratic People's Republic of Korea India Indonesia Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

International professional staff members 13 2 6 11 13 3 14 6 3 6 7

National professional staff members 24 3 0 30 22 3 11 11 7 3 3

General service staff members 31 9 0 34 31 13 39 29 19 14 13

Western Pacific Region Total workforce 48 33 43 2 48 7 2 17 36 27 9 11 4 11 49

Country Cambodia China Fiji Kiribati Lao's People’s Democratic Republic (the) Malaysia Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Vanuatu Viet Nam

International professional staff members 14 8 16 1 12 1 1 2 14 6 1 5 1 5 8

National professional staff members 12 12 6 0 12 1 0 6 4 8 2 0 0 1 16

General service staff members 22 13 21 1 24 5 1 9 18 13 6 6 3 5 25

Annexes

Annex 4 Global Fund grants in which WHO is a subrecipient

Region African Region

Country Chad South Sudan

HIV

Malaria

Total 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Afghanistan Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Yemen

European Region

Armenia Belarus Kyrgyzstan The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia Turkmenistan Ukraine

South-East Asia Region

Bangladesh India Indonesia Myanmar

Western Pacific Region

Cambodia Fiji Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Lao People’s Democratic Republic (the) Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands

Multiple country

Multiple country, East Asia and Pacific Multiple country, Western Pacific Multiple country, World East Asia and Pacific

Annexes

Annex 5 List of countries eligible for Gavi support

Region African Region

GAVI Eligible Countries Benin Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Eritrea Ethiopia Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mozambique Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe

Region African Region

GAVI Eligible Countries Senegal Sierra Leone South Sudan Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania (the) Zambia Zimbabwe

Region of the Americas

Haiti Nicaragua

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Afghanistan Djibouti Pakistan Somalia Sudan Yemen

European Region

Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan

South-East Asia Region

Bangladesh Democratic People's Republic of Korea India Myanmar Nepal

Western Pacific Region

Cambodia Lao People's Democratic Republic (the) Papua New Guinea Solomon Islands

Annexes

Annex 6 Planned costs and available funds for WHO work in countries, territories and areas Proportion of Planned costs received 84% 76% 91% 85% 94% 140% 71% 103% 93% 90% 67% 69% 58% 83% 95% 65% 71% 72% 71% 76% 100% 86% 75% 56% 76% 90% 105% 92%*In 2016

Region

Country, area or territory

16-17 Planned costs 3,049,497.00 29,318,576.00 7,137,230.00 2,553,349.00 12,215,391.00 5,007,757.00 3,433,463.00 22,104,361.00 21,944,565.00 30,788,792.00 3,547,504.00 8,236,707.00 14,943,227.00 74,785,432.00 5,011,128.00 6,457,111.00 76,346,749.00 5,229,789.00 3,952,813.00 11,794,820.00 51,232,986.00 5,906,213.00 35,376,597.00 3,732,998.00 53,323,072.00 14,570,671.00 7,181,199.00 16,131,478.00

Distribution (as at 31 Dec 2016) 2,572,000.00 22,367,332.00 6,507,762.00 2,182,912.00 11,459,308.00 6,999,773.00 2,438,434.00 22,745,249.00 20,369,790.00 27,602,885.00 2,385,404.00 5,680,705.00 8,733,005.00 62,180,994.00 4,771,701.00 4,205,683.00 53,991,638.00 3,770,187.00 2,788,325.00 8,978,614.00 51,417,542.00 5,073,244.00 26,426,580.00 2,108,167.00 40,390,944.00 13,178,259.00 7,543,732.00 14,866,340.00

African Region

Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo (the) Côte d'Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali

Annexes

Region

Country, area or territory

16-17 Planned costs 5,767,636.00 2,009,406.00 9,701,770.00 9,815,834.00 18,599,414.00 291,785,182.00 6,424,074.00 204,000.00 2,624,020.00 8,367,912.00 1,778,000.00 55,457,132.00 9,762,321.00 57,474,404.00 4,173,009.00 6,163,809.00 24,410,978.00 22,725,735.00 12,976,792.00 13,074,645.00 368,000.00 1,854,000.00 995,000.00 413,000.00 682,000.00 4,564,000.00 8,180,000.00 226,000.00 1,944,000.00 3,804,000.00 1,948,000.00

Distribution (as at 31 Dec 2016) 4,608,943.00 1,345,946.00 9,634,154.00 7,683,590.00 16,931,834.00 271,311,786.00 4,682,756.00 204,000.00 1,647,192.00 5,780,107.00 1,330,056.00 43,250,253.00 9,130,860.00 53,902,917.00 2,857,136.00 5,223,982.00 21,526,091.00 19,280,926.00 10,642,876.00 8,491,629.00 210,000.00 1,169,082.03 285,052.71 223,246.30 256,669.00 2,967,253.61 2,547,731.60 50,000.00 1,296,165.37 2,329,233.60 1,014,006.76

Proportion of Planned costs received 80% 67% 99% 78% 91% 93% 73% 100% 63% 69% 75% 78% 94% 94% 68% 85% 88% 85% 82% 65% 57% 63% 29% 54% 38% 65% 31% 22% 67% 61% 52%

African Region

Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Saint Helena Sao Tome and Principe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa South Sudan Swaziland Togo Uganda United Republic of Tanzania (the) Zambia Zimbabwe

Region of the Americas

Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Bahamas Barbados Belize Bolivia (Plurinational State of) Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica

100

Annexes

Region

Country, area or territory

16-17 Planned costs 2,799,000.00 215,000.00 2,529,000.00 3,822,000.00 2,627,000.00 272,000.00 8,117,000.00 2,375,000.00 11,633,000.00 5,043,000.00 2,499,000.00 4,112,000.00 4,272,000.00 2,142,000.00 3,333,000.00 5,178,000.00 238,000.00 355,000.00 303,000.00 1,909,000.00 1,630,000.00 215,000.00 1,279,000.00 3,005,000.00 108,666,146.00 401,200.00 7,556,333.00 17,076,267.00 7,236,691.00 84,466,431.00 5,231,665.00

Distribution (as at 31 Dec 2016) 972,834.00 46,001.00 1,437,163.90 2,868,037.77 1,639,410.07 50,650.00 3,745,442.22 981,733.00 5,880,651.21 1,879,700.49 660,664.36 2,766,669.17 1,991,729.96 943,130.71 1,336,425.25 2,633,578.84 61,000.00 61,000.00 76,236.46 1,361,645.74 853,186.21 20,000.00 724,159.22 1,622,600.00 99,915,735.00 59,600.00 5,801,098.00 10,524,526.00 4,291,087.00 81,171,697.00 4,513,724.00

Proportion of Planned costs received 35% 21% 57% 75% 62% 19% 46% 41% 51% 37% 26% 67% 47% 44% 40% 51% 26% 17% 25% 71% 52% 9% 57% 54% 92% 15% 77% 62% 59% 96% 86%

Region of the Americas

Cuba Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States of America (the) Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Afghanistan Bahrain Djibouti Egypt Iran (Islamic Republic of) Iraq Jordan

101

Annexes

Region

Country, area or territory

16-17 Planned costs 350,200.00 12,878,064.00 8,634,519.00 4,747,848.00 15,698,137.00 2,302,018.00 190,101,151.00 437,286.00 3,059,460.00 43,861,721.00 49,699,762.00 63,504,573.00 3,667,067.00 493,200.00 82,981,242.00 1,198,633.00 1,446,552.00 1,466,710.00 2,568,533.00 3,198,706.00 781,257.00 691,737.00 77,708.00 663,595.00 707,295.00 2,013,367.00 3,048,018.00 1,325,918.00 2,667,644.00 5,089,458.00 683,973.00

Distribution (as at 31 Dec 2016) 58,500.00 12,009,455.00 10,445,885.00 3,099,202.00 16,041,362.00 1,649,747.00 178,498,498.00 192,513.00 2,718,381.00 33,619,749.00 34,526,596.00 55,921,172.00 2,453,583.00 100,000.00 81,565,668.00 846,058.00 1,024,090.00 1,144,488.00 2,211,862.00 3,038,211.00 473,837.00 583,581.00 55,388.00 532,820.00 598,331.00 1,928,425.00 2,614,601.00 897,413.00 2,800,991.00 3,215,107.00 303,314.00

Proportion of Planned costs received 17% 93% 121% 65% 102% 72% 94% 44% 89% 77% 69% 88% 67% 20% 98% 71% 71% 78% 86% 95% 61% 84% 71% 80% 85% 96% 86% 68% 105% 63% 44%

Eastern Mediterranean Region

Kuwait Lebanon Libya Morocco West Bank and Gaza Strip Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen

European Region

Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czechia Estonia Georgia Greece Hungary Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia

102

Annexes

Region

Country, area or territory

16-17 Planned costs 780,798.00 2,090,292.00 48,144.00 6,998,838.00 1,120,524.00 716,497.00 1,488,361.00 5,866,544.00 3,868,214.00 696,419.00 657,890.00 5,831,402.00 31,247,740.00 1,950,817.00 17,375,731.00 6,103,831.00 25,922,306.00 5,225,466.00 86,774,088.00 26,158,774.00 13,114,127.00 4,168,450.00 35,136,664.00 24,274,634.00 7,772,539.00 9,741,653.00 9,031,081.00

Distribution (as at 31 Dec 2016) 620,149.00 1,673,772.00 48,144.00 6,460,715.00 732,750.00 521,062.00 1,087,928.00 4,945,512.00 2,820,843.00 471,342.00 599,069.00 4,480,328.00 34,772,036.00 1,885,532.00 16,483,540.00 4,361,698.00 24,138,851.00 3,769,565.00 72,319,853.00 22,170,625.00 10,218,293.00 3,249,047.00 30,770,609.00 13,092,290.00 5,447,861.00 5,412,625.00 7,859,494.00

Proportion of Planned costs received 79% 80% 100% 92% 65% 73% 73% 84% 73% 68% 91% 77% 111% 97% 95% 71% 93% 72% 83% 85% 78% 78% 88% 54% 70% 56% 87%

European Region

Lithuania Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Malta Moldova (Republic of) Montenegro Poland Romania Russian Federation Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Tajikistan Turkey Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan

South-East Asia Region

Bangladesh Bhutan India Indonesia Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Maldives Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand Timor-Leste

103

Annexes

Region

Country, area or territory

16-17 Planned costs 36,000.00 17,520,206.00 20,509,533.00 451,125.00 22,754,705.00 36,000.00 46,000.00 34,000.00 1,240,883.00 22,242,485.00 1,686,271.00 267,868.00 1,227,199.00 5,987,846.00 101,000.00 87,198.00 120,000.00 18,520,407.00 13,418,295.00 2,872,312.00 37,000.00 10,109,981.00 91,295.00 1,515,725.00 124,000.00 4,222,037.00 19,499,441.00

Distribution (as at 31 Dec 2016) 36,000.00 12,349,588.00 14,210,083.00 476,165.00 14,777,566.00 36,000.00 46,000.00 34,000.00 1,053,631.00 17,868,807.00 1,468,721.00 267,868.00 1,132,714.00 4,274,242.00 101,000.00 96,000.00 120,000.00 15,947,296.00 11,155,983.00 2,634,455.00 41,500.00 9,464,809.00 109,323.00 1,434,350.00 128,621.00 3,883,133.00 17,539,180.00

Proportion of Planned costs received 100% 70% 69% 106% 65% 100% 100% 100% 85% 80% 87% 100% 92% 71% 100% 110% 100% 86% 83% 92% 112% 94% 120% 95% 104% 92% 90%

Western Pacific Region

Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China Cook Islands Fiji French Polynesia Guam Japan Kiribati Lao People's Democratic Republic (the) Malaysia Marshall Islands Micronesia (Federated States of) Mongolia Nauru Niue Palau Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Viet Nam

104

WHO/CCU/17.04

World Health Organization Department of Country Cooperation and Collaboration with the United Nations System 20, Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Tel: +41 22 791 21 11 Fax: +41 22 791 31 11 www.who.int

Informations clés

Organisation Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS)

Type de document Technical Documents

Date d'adoption 16 mai 2017

Source Organisation mondiale de la santé