Core health indicators in the WHO European Region 2014: special focus: Health 2020 targets indicators

Core Health Indicators in the WHO European Region Special focus: Health 2020 targets indicators Preface I am pleased to present the third edition of a key annual publication: Core health indicators in the WHO European Region 2014. This publication provides selected data on the health situation in the 53 Member States of the WHO European Region. The information is compiled from data generated nationally by health and statistical authorities and regionally by WHO and other international agencies. The data are presented in simple tables for quick reference. Core health indicators comprise a relatively short and succinct list of key health statistics broadly covering the main health domains: health status of the population, main determinants of health and risk factors and health system resources and utilization. The publication also includes background demographic and socioeconomic indicators. Although the health situation in the Region continues to improve in many aspects thanks to health promotion early in childhood and thereafter along the life-course, to preventing and controlling diseases and their risk factors and to improved health care, there are still important challenges ahead. To further scale up the gains, various approaches have been considered under the Health 2020 policy framework, including: the need to address the major health challenges causing premature and avoidable deaths; taking diverse opportunities to limit the accumulated effects along the life-course; improving the health and well-being of the population by dealing with the social and environmental determinants that create health inequalities; and improving leadership and governance for health by stimulating the participation of the whole of government and the development of health in all policies to deal with health matters. Member States recognize that timely and high-quality health information is essential to monitor trends and evaluate the Health 2020 policy. Core health indicators in the WHO European Region 2014 aims to satisfy these needs by providing basic country and regional information. Following the example of previous editions, Core health indicators in the WHO European Region 2014 presents a special theme. This time it displays the core indicators for the Health 2020 targets adopted by Member States last year. Some indicators are shown graphically and others in tables. We are pleased to present this publication and count on the continued collaboration with our Member States to generate the required high- quality information to monitor the progress on implementing Health 2020 targets. The WHO Regional Office for Europe is committed to carry out this work every year. Zsuzsanna Jakab WHO Regional Director for Europe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 HEALTH 2020 Mid-year population (thousands) Population aged ≥ 65 years (% of total) Total fertility rate Natural population growth per 1000 Urban population (%) Crude death rate per 1000 population Unemploy- ment rate (%) Real GDP, PPP$ per capita Annual growth rate of GDP (%) Life expectancy at birth (years) Country 2012 2012 2012 2011 2010 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 Albania 3227 … 1.6 b 6.1 52 … … 9403 1.6 … Andorra 77 … 1.2 … 88 … … … … … Armenia 3024 10.5 1.6 5.1 64 9.1 17.3 8417 7.2 74.6 Austria 8426 18.0 1.4 0.1 68 9.1 b 4.3 43 661 0.9 81.3 b Azerbaijan 9235 … 2.4 11.1 52 … 0.9 c 10 125 2.2 … Belarus 9464 13.9 c 1.6 -4.7 75 14.0 d 0.5 15 327 1.5 70.6 d Belgium 11 123 17.2 c 1.7 1.7 97 9.7 c 7.6 39 752 -0.1 80.3 c Bosnia and Herzegovina 3843 15.1 b 1.3 -1.1 49 9.1 b 27.6 b 9392 -0.7 76.7 b Bulgaria 7306 18.7 b 1.5 -6.2 71 15.0 12.3 16 044 0.8 74.3 b Croatia 4268 18.0 1.5 -2.9 58 12.1 15.8 20 964 -2.0 77.4 Cyprus 864 13.2 b 1.4 4.6 70 6.3 b 11.8 30 768 -2.4 82.0 b Czech Republic 10 509 16.5 1.5 0.4 74 20.3 7.0 26 698 -1.0 78.2 Denmark 5587 17.1 b 1.7 1.3 87 9.4 b 6.1 42 173 -0.4 80.1 b Estonia 1290 17.1 b 1.6 -2.8 69 11.4 b 10.2 23 631 3.9 76.6 b Finland 5397 17.8 b 1.8 1.6 85 9.4 b 7.7 38 271 -0.8 80.8 b France 63 937 16.8 c 2.0 3.4 85 8.6 c 9.9 36 104 0.0 82.0 c Georgia 4491 13.8 c 1.7 1.9 53 10.7 c … 5806 6.0 74.7 c Germany 81 917 20.7 1.4 -2.4 74 10.6 5.9 b 41 245 0.7 81.1 Greece 11 093 19.5 b 1.3 -0.6 61 9.8 b 17.7 b 25 331 -6.4 80.9 b Hungary 9920 17.0 1.3 -3.6 68 13.1 10.9 21 959 -1.7 75.3 Iceland 321 11.8 d 2.0 8.1 93 6.3 d 6.0 37 637 1.4 81.9 d Ireland 4585 11.1 c 2.0 9.1 62 6.1 c 14.4 b 43 683 0.2 80.8 c Israel 7911 10.1 b 3.1 15.0 92 5.2 b 6.9 31 869 3.4 82.3 b Italy 59 685 20.3 c … -0.9 68 9.7 c 10.7 33 134 -2.5 82.5 c Kazakhstan 16 791 6.7 c 2.6 10.4 59 8.9 c 5.3 13 667 5.0 68.6 c Kyrgyzstan 5464 4.5 c 3.1 b 19.9 35 6.6 c 2.5 b 2370 -0.9 69.5 c Latvia 2034 18.7 1.4 -4.8 68 14.3 15.0 21 905 5.0 74.1 Lithuania 2988 16.3 c 1.6 -2.7 67 12.8 c 13.4 24 374 3.7 73.6 c Luxembourg 531 14.0 1.6 3.7 85 7.2 b 4.9 b 88 286 -0.2 81.7 b Malta 420 16.1 b 1.4 0.9 95 7.9 b 6.4 29 030 1.0 81.0 b Monaco 36 … … … 100 … … … … … Montenegro 622 12.9 d 1.7 1.3 61 9.3 d 19.7 14 358 -0.5 75.6 d Netherlands 16 755 15.9 b 1.7 2.1 83 8.1 b 5.3 43 105 -1.2 81.5 b Norway 5019 15.5 1.9 4.1 79 8.4 3.2 65 640 2.9 81.7 Poland 38 534 13.6 b 1.3 0.3 61 9.8 b 13.4 22 162 1.8 77.0 b Portugal 10 515 19.2 1.3 -1.5 61 9.8 b 15.7 25 389 -3.2 80.7 b Republic of Moldova 3560 9.9 1.3 -1.9 47 11.1 2.8 3368 -0.8 71.1 Romania 21 397 14.9 c 1.3 c -2.2 57 11.7 b 7.0 17 005 0.4 73.8 c Russian Federation 142 668 12.8 c … … 73 14.2 c 6.6 b 23 501 3.4 69.0 c San Marino 29 … 1.5 b -3.7 94 … 4.8 b … … … Serbia 7199 17.5 1.4 -2.6 56 14.2 24.6 11 801 -1.7 74.9 Slovakia 5408 12.4 c 1.3 0.3 55 9.8 c 14.0 25 175 1.8 75.7 c Slovenia 2056 16.6 c 1.6 0.3 50 9.1 c 8.9 27 474 -2.5 80.0 c Spain 46 757 17.2 1.3 1.8 77 8.4 b 25.0 32 043 -1.6 82.5 b Sweden 9519 18.3 c 1.9 2.3 85 9.7 c 7.7 43 021 0.9 81.8 c Switzerland 7724 16.9 c 1.5 2.2 74 8.0 c 4.1 b 53 281 1.0 82.8 c Tajikistan 7987 … … 26.7 26 … … 2192 7.5 … MKD* 2066 11.7 c 1.5 1.1 59 9.3 c 31.0 11 834 -0.3 75.1 c Turkey 75 627 7.3 b 2.1 11.3 70 5.1 b 9.3 18 349 2.2 77.2 b Turkmenistan 5164 … … 13.7 50 … … 10 412 11.1 … Ukraine 45 413 15.2 1.3 b -6.0 69 14.6 8.1 c 7298 0.2 71.3 United Kingdom 62 807 16.6 c … 2.8 80 9.0 c 8.0 b 37 456 0.3 80.8 c Uzbekistan 29 774 … 2.2 14.9 36 … … 3533 8.2 81.8 c WHO European Region 902 367 15.3 1.6 -0.8 70 10.5 9.3 26 813 0.1 76.8 b Demographic and socioeconomic context Note: a=2013 b=2011 c=2010 d=2009 * The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia GDP = gross domestic product PPP = purchasing power parity … = No data available Health status: mortality and morbidity indicators * The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 HEALTH 2020 LIFE EXPECTANCY MDG 4 MDG 5 AGE-STANDARDIZED DEATH RATES (SDR) Life expectancy at birth (years) Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births Child mortality before age 5 years per 1000 live births Maternal mortality ratio per 100 000 live births All cause mortality Circulatory system Malignant neoplasms Diseases of the respiratory system Males Females Country 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 Albania … … … … 5.8 b … … … … Andorra … … … … … 0.0 … … … … Armenia 71.3 77.8 10.8 12.1 23.5 908 432 188 54 Austria 78.4 b 84.0 b 3.6 b 4.3 b 1.3 532 b 197 b 155 b 26 b Azerbaijan … … … … 14.9 … … … … Belarus 64.8 d 76.6 d 4.7 d 6.3 d 0.9 1161 d 601 d 161 d 36 Belgium 77.5 c 83.0 c 3.6 c 4.4 c 6.2 c 577 c 159 c 166 c 54 c Bosnia and Herzegovina 74.2 b 79.0 b 5.8 b 6.6 b 9.4 804 b 427 b 157 b 28 b Bulgaria 70.8 b 77.9 b 7.8 10.2 b 4.3 933 b 592 b 156 b 36 b Croatia 74.0 80.7 3.6 4.4 7.2 754 b 351 b 210 29 Cyprus 80.1 b 83.9 b 2.8 b 3.6 b 10.2 c 499 190 b 114 b 32 b Czech Republic 75.1 b 81.2 b 2.6 3.2 5.5 708 b 331 b 184 37 Denmark 78.0 b 81.3 b 3.4 b 3.9 b 1.7 597 b 139 b 186 b 61 b Estonia 71.3 b 81.4 b 2.4 b 3.1 b 7.1 760 b 369 b 186 b 22 b Finland 77.5 b 84.0 b 2.4 b 3.0 b 0.0 b 554 b 204 b 135 b 22 b France 78.4 c 85.4 c 3.5 c 4.2 c 8.5 c 501 c 114 c 162 c 25 c Georgia 70.2 c 79.0 c 11.2 c 13.0 c 22.8 859 c 248 c 56 c 10 c Germany 78.7 83.4 3.6 3.9 4.6 545 195 155 35 b Greece 78.6 b 83.2 b 3.4 b 4.1 b 3.8 b 548 b 220 b 147 b 47 b Hungary 71.7 78.8 4.9 5.6 10.0 871 401 239 45 b Iceland 79.9 d 83.9 d 1.8 d 2.2 d 22.3 b 507 d 173 d 156 d 42 d Ireland 78.5 c 83.0 c 3.8 c 4.5 c 1.4 554 c 181 c 172 c 61 c Israel 80.4 b 84.1 b 3.5 b 4.4 b 4.7 487 b 118 b 136 b 36 b Italy 79.8 c 85.0 c 3.4 c 3.9 b 2.9 c 478 c 160 c 157 c 28 c Kazakhstan 63.7 c 73.5 c 16.5 c 19.9 b 13.7 1270 c 621 c 156 c 60 c Kyrgyzstan 65.5 c 73.7 c 22.3 c 26.1 b 47.5 b 1196 c 702 c 114 c 93 c Latvia 68.9 79.0 6.6 7.1 20.1 911 471 195 25 b Lithuania 68.0 c 79.0 c 4.3 c 5.4 c 9.9 951 c 495 c 187 c 28 c Luxembourg 79.2 b 83.9 b 2.8 b 3.3 b 16.6 520 b 164 b 157 b 41 b Malta 78.8 b 83.1 b 6.3 b 7.1 b 0.0 539 b 231 b 149 b 35 b Monaco … … … … 0.0 … … … … Montenegro 73.3 d 78.0 d 5.8 c 6.2 d … 846 d 462 d 129 d 39 d Netherlands 79.5 b 83.2 b 3.6 b 4.2 b 3.4 528 b 139 b 181 b 48 b Norway 79.7 83.7 2.5 3.0 0.0 519 146 152 49 Poland 72.7 b 81.2 b 4.7 b 5.5 b 2.3 b 748 b 318 b 191 b 38 b Portugal 77.4 b 83.9 b 3.1 b 3.9 b 5.2 b 556 b 152 b 154 b 56 b Republic of Moldova 67.2 75.1 9.8 12.1 30.4 1135 659 163 50 Romania 70.2 c 77.6 c 9.4 b 11.7 c 11.4 948 c 540 c 180 c 49 c Russian Federation 63.1 c 75.0 c 7.6 c 9.8 c 16.9 c 1223 c 674 c 176 c 46 c San Marino … … … … 0.0 … … … Serbia 72.4 77.3 6.2 7.0 14.9 929 478 201 43 Slovakia 71.8 c 79.4 c 5.7 c 6.8 c 3.6 850 c 440 c 197 c 52 c Slovenia 76.6 c 83.2 c 2.5 c 3.4 c 4.6 d 600 c 218 c 196 c 32 c Spain 79.4 b 85.5 b 3.2 b 3.9 b 3.0 b 481 b 132 b 152 b 46 b Sweden 79.7 c 83.7 c 2.5 c 3.1 c 4.4 514 c 182 c 141 c 27 c Switzerland 80.4 c 85.0 c 3.8 c 4.3 c 3.7 b 464 c 145 c 138 c 25 c Tajikistan … … … … 32.9 … … … … MKD* 73.0 c 77.3 c 7.6 c 8.4 c 4.2 940 c 533 c 172 c 34 c Turkey 74.5 b 80.0 b 11.7 b 14.8 b 16.3 718 b 244 b 125 b 63 b Turkmenistan … … … 3.8 … … … … Ukraine 66.2 76.0 8.4 10.1 12.7 1087 667 161 29 United Kingdom 78.8 c 82.7 c 4.3 c 5.1 c 5.0 c 553 c 164 c 170 c 68 c Uzbekistan … … … 20.2 … … … … WHO European Region 73.1 b 80.3 b 6.9 8.8 b 10.5 788 b 368 b 161 b 43 b 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 HEALTH 2020 SDR PER 100 000 POPULATION MDG 6 CANCER INCIDENCE PER 100 000 External causes of injury and poisoning Infectious and parasitic diseases Mental and behavioural disorders Ill defined** causes of death (%) Newly diagnosed HIV cases per 100 000 TB incidence per 100 000 All forms Female breast Cervix uteri 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 … … … … 2.8 12.6 107.8 b 20.8 c 5.9 c … … … … 2.6 10.4 … … … 44 10 0 2.8 7.5 40.1 260.5 71.2 16.5 37 b 5 b 8 b 2.6 b 3.6 5.0 441.9 b 124.4 b 9.1 b … … … … 5.6 68.9 93.0 31.0 7.2 134 d 12 d 9 d 11.4 d 12.9 50.5 456.8 76.6 17.7 47 c 13 c 18 c 4.8 c 11.0 5.9 582.2 b 186.7 b 11.1 b 28 b 7 b 4 b 7.1 b 0.7 36.7 232.1 44.8 15.2 33 b 6 b 1 b 3.0 2.2 28.5 432.4 95.2 26.2 52 5 18 1.1 1.7 12.6 476.5 b 101.3 b 14.1 b 28 b 8 b 7 b 3.4 b 6.7 6.3 353.7 d 105.4 d 7 d 46 10 6 1.1 2.0 5.4 804.5 c 121.3 c 18.6 c 31 b 9 b 33 b 8.3 b 3.6 6.1 657.5 b 164.3 b 14.2 b 77 b 9 b 8 b 2.0 24.4 20.1 528.2 d 84.2 d 26.3 d 57 b 4 b 19 b 0.6 b 2.9 4.8 552.3 b 177.5 b 6.1 b 43 c 10 c 15 c 8.4 c 6.4 4.1 555.2 147.9 9.1 22 c 4 c 0 c 55.0 c 11.7 87.7 94.2 34.5 8.0 27 11 18 2.8 3.6 4.2 … … … 26 b 5 b 1 b 11.0 b 10.7 4.1 … … … 52 7 18 0.1 2.2 11.7 957.1 148.9 20.6 35 d 3 d 12 d 0.8 d 5.9 3.1 452.2 c 130.9 c 12 c 35 c 5 c 12 c 0.3 c 7.4 5.5 718.7 122.3 11.2 25 b 23 b 13 b 5.0 b 6.2 6.4 354.4 b 118.1 b 6.3 b 25 c 9 c 10 c 1.6 c 6.5 2.7 572.7 b 168.5 b 5.5 b 116 c 17 c 2 c 11.3 c 12.0 107.2 190.6 45.5 18.7 87 c 20 c 2 c 1.6 c 13.3 113.4 90.4 b 21.7 b 15.3 b 82 11 10 3.8 16.7 47.1 567.0 99.4 22.4 113 c 13 c 2 c 1.3 c 5.4 54.7 593.6 94.7 26.7 40 b 12 b 12 b 2.9 b 15.6 0.2 454.1 c 146.7 c 10.2 c 20 b 4 b 21 b 0.4 b 7.2 9.8 431.9 150.0 3.3 … … … … 0.0 2.9 c … … … 35 d 1 d 6 d 14.2 d 2.1 15.8 … … … 26 b 8 b 25 b 3.7 b 5.8 5.5 681.4 b 190.2 b 8.9 b 36 12 24 5.2 4.8 6.6 603.8 b 125.1 b 12.3 b 55 b 7 b 4 b 6.4 b 2.6 18.3 364.9 c 79.4 c 15.5 c 29 b 14 b 1 b 9.5 b 6.9 23.7 … … … 85 15 3 0.7 21.3 122.6 230.5 46.5 16.9 53 c 10 c 1 c 0.8 b 2.3 75.3 274.0 53.1 c 28.9 c 141 c 22 c 4 c 5.1 c … 74.1 368.6 74.5 c 19.2 c … … … .. . 17.0 … 549.5 b 0.0 b 0.0 b 37 4 11 4.5 1.7 26.0 515.8 b 123.8 b 32.9 b 50 c 6 c 0 c 1.2 c 0.9 5.6 … … … 56 c 3 c 5 c 1.5 c 2.2 6.5 628.8 c 121.1 c 13.8 c 23 b 9 b 15 b 2.7 b 6.9 11.4 … … … 35 c 10 c 24 c 4.7 c 4.6 5.9 610.9 b 176.8 b 8.9 b 32 c 6 c 27 c 3.4 c 8.3 3.8 471.3 c 140.3 c 6.1 c … … … … 10.4 72.8 36.7 9.0 7.2 28 c 3 c 1 c 6.5 c 0.7 16.6 … … … 20 b 9 b 1 b 3.4 b 1.4 18.7 157.1 d 33.4 d 4.9 d … … … … 0.0 64.1 c 73.3 15.9 c 10.4 c 83 29 3 2.2 37.2 78.0 349.3 b 66.3 b 20.4 b 26 c 6 c 19 c 1.9 c 10.1 12.3 531.7 b 156.9 c 9 c … … … … 13.2 c 49.7 64.5 17.6 8.9 60 b 13 b 10 b … 12.1 31.9 419.2 b … … ** See technical notes for more information TB = tuberculosis Note: b=2011 c=2010 d=2009 Health system coverage and utilization and the environment 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 HEALTH 2020 HEALTH 2020 AS % OF TOTAL HEALTH EXPENDITURE PER 100 000 POPULATION Total health expenditure as % of GDP Government expenditure on health as % of total government expenditure Public sector health expenditure Private households’ out of pocket expenditure Total inpatient expenditure Total pharma- ceutical expenditure Hospitals Physicians General practitioners Nurses Country 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 Albania 6.0 9.9 47.6 52.2 48.0 b … 1.4 115 50 … Andorra 8.3 … 76.6 17.5 … … 2.4 d 316 d 49 d 369 d Armenia 4.5 7.9 41.9 54.6 … … 4.2 276 51 504 Austria 11.5 16.9 75.6 15.2 40.2 b 11.7 b 3.3 b 484 b 78 b 794 b Azerbaijan 5.4 3.9 22.8 69.0 74.0 d … 5.8 a 350 29 682 Belarus 5.0 13.2 77.2 19.5 50.0 21.0 6.9 b 379 b 45 b 1062 b Belgium 10.8 15.0 75.9 19.7 42.3 b 15.5 b 1.7 291 b 111 b 1566 c Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.9 16.6 71.2 27.8 32.5 b 27.4 b 1.0 c 173 c 28 c 529 c Bulgaria 7.4 11.8 56.3 42.3 … … 4.7 b 386 b 64 b 475 b Croatia 6.8 15.1 82.3 13.9 … … 1.3 b 284 b 51 b 579 b Cyprus 7.3 6.9 43.1 49.5 … … 10.3 b 298 b … … Czech Republic 7.7 14.6 84.8 14.2 32.6 b 20.0 b 2.4 b 364 b 70 b 846 b Denmark 11.2 16.1 85.5 12.6 37.9 b 6.8 b … 348 d … 1573 d Estonia 5.9 11.7 79.9 18.4 32.2 21.5 4.1 b 326 b 74 b 647 b Finland 9.2 12.3 75.4 18.6 35.1 b 13.2 b 5.1 b … … 1072 c France 11.8 15.9 77.0 7.4 37.1 b 15.6 b 4.3 b 316 159 963 Georgia 9.2 5.2 18.0 64.7 16.3 b 41.2 b 4.9 406 93 314 Germany 11.3 19.1 76.3 12.1 34.8 b 14.1 b 4.0 b 382 b 66 b 1154 b Greece 9.3 11.4 67.5 29.7 36.4 b 28.5 b 2.8 d 614 b 30 b 354 d Hungary 7.8 10.3 63.6 27.1 26.9 b 33.4 b 1.7 b 296 b … 638 b Iceland 9.1 15.7 80.7 17.9 43.7 b 15.4 b 2.5 356 57 1596 Ireland 8.1 12.4 64.5 15.0 … 17.5 b 2.1 272 72 1215 b Israel 7.5 10.4 61.7 25.0 33.4 c 14.7 b 1.2 326 b 26 502 b Italy 9.2 14.2 78.2 20.2 46.6 16.2 2.0 b 419 b 78 b 673 b Kazakhstan 4.2 10.9 57.8 41.7 … … 5.5 350 31 805 Kyrgyzstan 7.1 12.2 60.1 34.8 … … 2.6 196 32 611 Latvia 6.0 8.9 56.7 37.4 26.5 c 24.2 c 3.4 b 313 b … 515 b Lithuania 6.7 12.7 70.8 28.5 24.1 b 24.9 b 3.5 b 410 b 71 783 b Luxembourg 6.9 13.5 84.5 11.2 … … 2.3 278 83 1229 Malta 9.1 13.3 65.6 32.3 … 28.0 1.9 349 80 708 Monaco 4.4 18.8 88.6 7.0 … … 8.3 703 39 1614 b Montenegro 7.6 10.0 59.7 36.7 … ... 1.8 b 202 b 30 b 535 b Netherlands 12.4 19.7 79.8 5.6 46.4 b 9.4 b 1.6 b 296 c 73 c … Norway 9.0 17.8 85.1 13.4 44.9 6.6 1.3 b 372 b 90 b 1332 b Poland 6.7 11.1 70.1 22.8 32.0 b 22.5 b 2.5 b 219 b 20 b 580 b Portugal 9.5 12.5 62.6 31.7 19.8 b 17.9 b 2.1 b 398 b 51 b 633 b Republic of Moldova 11.7 13.3 45.5 45.3 24.4 32.9 2.4 283 52 642 Romania 5.1 11.3 77.7 21.8 … … 2.3 b 239 b 68 b 551 b Russian Federation 6.3 10.3 61.0 34.3 … … … … … San Marino 6.5 13.1 87.2 12.3 … … 3.4 556 … 963 Serbia 10.5 13.4 61.2 37.1 31.3 b 31.3 b … 310 71 632 Slovakia 7.8 14.7 70.5 22.8 21.0 b 27.4 b 2.6 b … … 628 b Slovenia 8.8 13.1 73.3 11.9 35.7 b 19.5 b 1.4 250 b 45 b 839 b Spain 9.6 15.0 73.6 20.3 30.2 b 17.4 b 1.7 b 370 75 b 548 b Sweden 9.6 15.1 81.7 16.1 28.4 b 12.1 b … … 63 c … Switzerland 11.3 20.6 61.7 28.1 45.2 b 9.4 b 3.9 b 394 b … 1738 b Tajikistan 5.8 6.8 29.7 60.1 … … 5.7 b 170 b 24 b 400 b MKD* 7.1 13.6 64.1 35.9 … … 3.2 b 274 b … 421 b Turkey 6.3 12.8 73.9 16.8 … … 1.9 b 170 b 56 b 238 b Turkmenistan 2.0 8.7 63.2 36.8 … … 2.3 228 58 459 Ukraine 7.6 11.5 54.9 42.4 32.6 d 4.2 d 5.2 349 37 752 United Kingdom 9.4 16.1 82.5 9.9 … … … 279 81 883 Uzbekistan 5.9 9.7 53.1 44.1 … … 2.6 c 225 27 1129 WHO European Region 8.3 13.4 69.1 24.2 … … 3.3 b 334 b 61 b 766 b * The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 HEALTH 2020 HEALTH 2020 MDG 4 MDG 6 ENVIRONMENT Outpatient contacts per person per year Inpatient care discharges per 100 population Abortions per 1000 live births Children immunized (%) against: Treatment success rate (%) for new laboratory- confirmed TB cases Population reporting noise as a problem in the living environ- ment (%) Air quality PM10 in capital (µg/m3) Population with improved drinking water sources (%) Population with improved sanitation (%) Melanoma of skin incidence, all ages, both sexes per 100 000 populationDTP measles 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2.2 b 7.5 205 b 98.9 98.5 93.3 … 38.5 d 82 b 94 b 0.9 … … … 99.0 b 98.0 100.0 … … 100 b 100 b … 3.5 b 12.4 323 94.9 97.2 62.6 … … 96 b 90 b … 6.9 b 27.5 b … 83.0 b 76.0 71.0 19.5 22.6 100 b 100 b 9.9 4.5 6.4 165 a 92.8 97.3 77.8 … … 51 b 82 b … 12.9 31.2 247 97.5 97.9 60.0 … 20.0 91 b 93 b 4.1 7.4 b 16.8 c 152 b 98.0 b 96.0 77.3 11.5 24.9 100 b 100 b 12.1 5.4 11.1 … 89.4 91.4 69.6 … 48.5 d 82 b 96 b 1.9 … 26.7 b 434 95.3 93.7 86.4 12.0 44.8 97 b 100 b 3.4 6.0 b 17.0 b 85 95.8 94.8 75.1 b 9.8 … 88 d 98 b 8.9 2.3 b 9.0 b … 99.0 b 86.0 63.6 25.7 36.4 100 b 100 b 3.2 11.1 b 20.5 b 212 99.0 b 98.0 68.7 14.3 24.3 95 d 100 b 12.6 4.6 c 13.6 c 257 c 91.0 87.0 60.7 17.5 17.4 b 100 b 19.2 6.3 b 18.0 b 433 94.2 93.6 59.4 12.8 11.7 90 d 98 b 7.4 4.2 b 17.6 b 169 99.0 b 97.0 67.4 14.2 11.2 99 b 100 b 12.6 6.8 b d 264 b 98.7 89.4 … 17.0 26.6 100 b 100 b 10.2 2.3 8.0 688 87.0 88.0 76.3 … … 78 b 93 b … 9.7 b 24.3 b 159 c 99.0 b 96.6 74.1 26.1 21.7 100 b 100 b 11.4 … … … 99.0 b 99.0 … 25.1 … 99 b 99 b 2.4 11.8 b 20.4 b 400 99.0 b 99.0 73.0 10.2 28.9 94 d 100 b 7.1 6.1 b 13.5 d 216 89.0 90.0 68.9 b 11.1 8.7 100 b 100 b 12.1 3.8 c 13.1 b … 95.0 92.0 64.1 9.0 14.2 100 b 99 b 13.7 6.2 d 19.1 b 117 94.0 b 96.0 77.3 … … 100 b 100 b … … 12.0 202 c 96.0 b 90.0 … 17.7 29.1 100 b … 11.4 6.9 15.9 251 99.8 95.9 61.3 … … 55 b 97 b … 3.5 b 15.7 b … 96.1 98.0 78.1 … … 54 b 93 b … 6.3 b 19.0 b 311 92.0 90.3 73.2 15.4 22.8 82 d 79 d 5.6 7.2 b 24.6 b 198 92.8 93.4 72.8 13.3 19.5 90 b 87 d 5.2 6.6 b 15.2 b … 99.0 b 96.0 0.0 b 17.0 17.8 100 b 100 b 11.4 … 14.6 b 0 98.7 92.7 58.3 29.7 … 100 b 100 b 6.2 … 46.0 … 99.0 b 99.0 … … … 100 b 100 b .. 4.4 c 13.3 102 94.3 90.3 85.7 … … 91 b 90 b 4.7 6.6 b 11.7 c 154 b 96.7 96.1 81.5 24.2 21.0 100 b 100 b 19.4 5.2 d 18.7 d 253 95.0 94.0 84.3 10.8 18.4 100 b 100 b 18.8 6.8 b 16.2 b 2 b 98.7 97.9 60.5 14.2 37.6 98 b … 4.1 4.2 b 10.8 b 211 97.0 b 97.0 80.5 23.8 24.0 100 b 100 b 6.7 6.5 b 18.4 376 90.3 93.6 62.0 … … 53 b 86 b 2.3 4.5 b 21.6 b 438 89.0 b 94.0 85.7 27.1 38.3 62 b … 3.5 9.5 b 21.9 599 c 97.3 98.1 53.9 … 26.0 d 82 b 70 b 4.1 … 12.5 b … 96.2 87.1 … … … … … … 7.6 15.7 302 95.9 90.3 86.8 … 45.2 86 b 97 b 7.1 11.0 b 18.7 b 152 98.7 99.0 91.3 16.0 26.2 94 d 100 b 9.9 6.5 b 17.5 b 189 96.0 b 95.0 80.8 13.8 25.4 100 b 100 b 16.2 7.4 b 11.3 b 252 b 96.7 97.4 73.3 15.0 22.7 99 b 100 b 6.9 3.1 b 16.5 b 338 b 98.0 b 97.0 83.0 12.9 13.4 100 b 100 b 18 … 17.5 b 132 95.0 b 92.0 … 18.7 17.4 100 b 100 b 20.3 4.5 11.9 38 d 94.4 94.5 79.7 … … 48 b 95 b … 6.1 b 11.4 b 229 c 94.7 96.1 94.6 … 71.0 90 b 91 b 4.8 8.2 b 15.2 b 62 97.0 b 98.0 90.5 … 73.7 99 b 91 b … 3.5 18.0 116 97.3 98.8 … … … 45 b 99 b … 10.7 b 22.6 b 224 c 75.5 79.2 57.7 … … 66 b 94 b 4 5.0 d 13.6 b 243 95.0 92.0 80.3 18.2 18.9 100 b 100 b 14.6 9.1 15.7 57 99.2 99.9 78.4 … … 47 b 100 b … 7.7 b 17.9 b 271 95.7 94.6 … … … 89 b 92 b … DTP = diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis PM = particulate matter, measured as particles with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) or < 10 µm (PM10) Note: a=2013 b=2011 c=2010 d=2009 Health 2020 targets indicators: tools for monitoring progress 49 50 51 52 53 BURDEN OF DISEASE AND RISK FACTORS PREMATURE MORTALITY TOBACCO ALCOHOL OVERwEIGHT AND OBESITY EXTERNAL CAUSES OF INjURY AND POISONING Premature mortality Age-standardized mortality rate from 4 NCD selected causes** per 100 000 Age-standardized prevalence (%) of current tobacco smoking** among adults ≥ 15 years Yearly con- sumption per adult ≥ 15 years (litres of pure alcohol equivalent) Age-standardized prevalence (%) among adults ≥ 20 years Age-standardized mortality rate from external causes of injury and poisoning, all ages, per 100 000 BMI≥25 BMI≥30Total Males Females Males Females Total Males Females Country 2012 2012 2012 2011 2011 2012 2008 2008 2012 2012 2012 Albania … … … 48.0 5.0 5.0 54.2 21.1 … … … Andorra … … … … … 13.3 … … … … … Armenia 509.0 713.8 344.5 47.0 2.0 3.9 55.1 23.4 44.0 72.4 19.7 Austria 256.8 b 332.8 b 186.2 b 46.0 47.0 12.1 49.6 18.3 36.9 b 55.2 b 20.7 b Azerbaijan … … … 34.0 <1 1.4 57.4 24.7 … … … Belarus 724.2 d 1161.2 d 397.3 d 50.0 11.0 14.4 … … 134.0 d 233.8 d 50.8 d Belgium 266.8 b 335.6 b 201.0 b 31.0 23.0 10.6 51.5 19.1 47.0 c 65.5 c 30.3 c Bosnia and Herzegovina 408.2 b 544.3 b 289.3 b 44.0 27.0 4.3 57.6 24.2 28.1 b 48.3 b 10.1 b Bulgaria 573.3 b 797.4 b 365.1 b 48.0 31.0 10.2 54.3 21.4 32.7 b 53.0 b 13.8 b Croatia 407.2 b 572.0 b 260.7 b 36.0 30.0 10.7 53.2 21.3 52.0 78.8 27.7 Cyprus 200.8 b 265.1 b 139.9 b 41.0 18.0 8.7 55.9 23.4 28.1 b 43.2 b 14.7 b Czech Republic 365.5 b 500.5 b 249.4 b 40.0 32.0 12.7 61.7 28.7 46.0 70.9 22.6 Denmark 262.9 b 305.4 b 221.3 b 30.0 27.0 10.4 48.4 16.2 30.5 b 43.5 b 18.2 b Estonia 416.9 b 641.5 b 244.8 b 43.0 21.0 11.4 51 18.9 77.2 b 135.8 b 27.8 b Finland 250.0 b 335.0 b 168.4 b 27.0 20.0 9.7 53 19.9 57.3 b 88.8 b 28.4 b France 242.2 c 329.3 c 160.8 c 39.0 32.0 11.7 45.9 15.6 43.0 c 63.2 c 25.5 c Georgia 262.5 c 381.1 c 168.2 c 55.0 3.0 5.3 53 … 22.0 c 39.0 c 7.1 c Germany 260.6 332.0 191.7 35.0 25.0 11.2 54.8 21.3 27.0 38.2 16.4 Greece 259.2 b 364.5 b 160.9 b 46.0 34.0 7.9 49.1 17.5 26.3 b 41.9 b 10.9 b Hungary 565.6 795.9 373.5 35.0 27.0 10.8 57.7 24.8 52.0 82.1 27.0 Iceland 213.8 d 268.9 d 157.7 d 19.0 18.0 6.3 56.4 21.9 35.0 d 48.8 d 20.1 d Ireland 254.3 c 303.4 c 205.4 c … … 11.9 60.9 24.5 35.0 c 50.7 c 20.1 c Israel 198.8 b 240.7 b 161.1 b 35.0 17.0 2.7 60.1 25.5 24.7 b 36.5 b 13.9 b Italy 224.1 c 288.6 c 164.2 c 31.0 18.0 6.1 49.2 17.2 25.0 c 37.1 c 14.3 c Kazakhstan 756.4 c 1100.3 c 494.3 c 40.0 9.0 6.6 56.7 24.4 116.0 c 198.1 c 48.9 c Kyrgyzstan 661.1 c 908.8 c 455.4 c 45.0 2.0 2.4 c 46.6 17.2 87.0 c 144.9 c 34.3 c Latvia 564.8 877.1 331.9 46.0 20.0 9.8 53.6 22.0 82.0 141.0 32.5 Lithuania 535.0 c 847.4 c 303.8 c 43.0 25.0 12.9 56.9 24.7 113.0 c 197.9 c 42.9 c Luxembourg 241.1 b 294.3 b 187.8 b 22.0 25.0 11.4 56.7 23.4 40.4 b 54.3 b 27.2 b Malta 245.5 b 303.7 b 189.4 b 31.0 20.0 7.6 61.6 26.6 19.5 b 32.0 b 7.8 b Monaco … … … … … … … … … … … Montenegro 446.8 d 565.8 d 344.1 d … … 6.6 54.6 … 35.0 d 53.7 d 18.7 d Netherlands 254.9 b 286.2 b 223.9 b 29.0 23.0 9.3 47.8 16.2 26.3 b 34.6 b 18.6 b Norway 212.4 248.2 176.0 28.0 26.0 6.6 55 19.8 36.0 48.7 23.5 Poland 427.8 b 600.5 b 277.8 b 38.0 27.0 10.7 55.7 23.2 54.9 b 92.4 b 20.4 b Portugal 240.6 b 331.9 b 159.5 b 30.0 15.0 10.8 55.3 21.6 29.2 b 46.1 b 14.3 b Republic of Moldova 621.9 872.6 419.8 43.0 5.0 6.1 49.2 20.4 85.1 139.8 38.3 Romania 513.9 b 730.6 b 326.2 b 38.0 18.0 9.0 48.6 17.7 53.0 c 87.1 c 22.2 c Russian Federation 746.7 c 1154.6 c 448.7 c 59.0 25.0 11.1 57.8 24.9 141.0 c 246.3 c 57.3 c San Marino … … … … … … … … … … … Serbia 502.9 658.4 362.7 38.0 27.0 9.7 55.9 23.0 37.0 59.9 16.4 Slovakia 458.8 c 666.4 c 283.7 c 39.0 19.0 11.0 58.4 … 50.0 c 84.3 c 19.5 c Slovenia 289.5 c 393.1 c 189.6 c 28.0 21.0 10.3 61.3 … 56.0 c 87.0 c 28.7 c Spain 227.7 b 318.2 b 143.5 b 33.0 27.0 9.8 58.2 24.1 22.6 b 33.5 b 12.2 b Sweden 209.2 c 243.4 c 175.0 c 25.0 24.0 7.3 50 16.6 35.0 c 50.7 c 21.1 c Switzerland 198.9 c 248.2 c 151.3 c 31.0 22.0 10.0 44.3 14.9 32.0 c 45.6 c 20.4 c Tajikistan … … … … … 0.3 c 33.8 9.9 … … … MKD* 492.1 c 625.6 c 366.9 c … … 4.0 c 52.8 20.3 28.0 c 41.9 c 15.5 c Turkey 319.7 b 433.0 b 213.3 b 42.0 13.0 1.4 63.6 29.3 20.3 b 29.7 b 11.7 b Turkmenistan … … … … 2.2 43.6 14.3 … … … Ukraine 669.6 1019.0 415.3 49.0 14.0 8.4 51.8 20.1 83.0 145.2 31.8 United Kingdom 266.2 c 320.8 c 214.3 c 22.0 22.0 10.3 61.5 24.9 26.0 c 36.8 c 16.1 c Uzbekistan … … … 22.0 3.0 … 48.1 17.3 … … … WHO European Region … … … … … 9.8 … … 60.4 b 99.2 b 27.4 b * The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia ** Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory diseases. *** Smoking of any form of tobacco (e.g. cigarettes, cigars and pipes and excluding smokeless tobacco) at the time of the survey including daily and non-daily smoking. **** See Technical Notes for description and sources Note: a=2013 b=2011 c=2010 d=2009 * OOP = out-of-pocket health expenditure 54 55 56 57 58 UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE DETERMINANTS AND wELL BEING UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE HEALTH PROTECTION INFANT MORTALITY INEqUITY SOCIAL DETERMINANTS wELL BEING Children immunized (%) against: Private households’ OOP* as % of total health expenditure Total health expenditure as % of Gross Domestic Product Infant mortality rate per 1000 live births Unemployment rate (%) Population with improved sanitation (%) poliomyelitis measles Male Female Rural Urban 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012 98.9 98.5 52.2 6.0 … … … 93.9 94.7 99.0 98.0 17.5 8.3 … … … 100.0 100.0 96.3 97.2 54.6 4.5 11.7 9.7 17.3 90.4 95.9 83.0 76.0 15.2 11.5 4.36 b 2.8 b 4.3 100.0 100.0 95.9 97.3 69.0 5.4 … … 0.9 c 100.0 100.0 97.8 97.9 19.5 5.0 5.34 d … d 0.5 93.0 91.6 99.0 96.0 19.7 10.8 4.15 c 3.0 c 7.6 100.0 100.0 87.9 91.4 27.8 9.9 6.71 b 4.8 b 27.6 b 95.8 99.7 95.3 93.7 42.3 7.4 9.17 6.3 12.3 100.0 100.0 95.8 94.8 13.9 6.8 3.69 3.5 15.8 98.2 98.6 99.0 86.0 49.5 7.3 3.48 b 2.1 b 11.8 100.0 100.0 99.3 98.0 14.2 7.7 2.9 2.3 7.0 100.0 100.0 91.0 87.0 12.6 11.2 3.34 b 3.4 b 6.1 100.0 100.0 94.2 93.6 18.4 5.9 2.38 b 2.4 b 10.2 97.9 99.7 99.0 97.0 18.6 9.2 2.59 b 2.1 b 7.7 100.0 100.0 98.7 89.4 7.4 11.8 3.86 c 3.2 c 9.9 100.0 100.0 87.0 88.0 64.7 9.2 12.5 c 9.8 c … 93.4 95.6 94.7 96.6 12.1 11.3 3.49 3.0 5.9 b 100.0 100.0 99.0 99.0 29.7 9.3 3.59 b 3.1 b 17.7 b 98.6 99.4 99.0 99.0 27.1 7.8 4.73 5.0 10.9 100.0 100.0 89.0 90.0 17.9 9.1 1.95 d 1.6 d 6.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 92.0 15.0 8.1 4.17 c 3.4 c 14.4 b 99.0 99.6 95.0 96.0 25.0 7.5 3.79 b 3.3 b 6.9 100.0 100.0 97.0 90.0 20.2 9.2 3.63 c 3.1 c 10.7 … … 98.5 95.9 41.7 4.2 18.4 c 14.5 c 5.3 97.3 96.8 94.0 98.0 34.8 7.1 c 24.79 c 19.7 c 2.5 b 93.3 93.6 92.1 90.3 37.4 6.0 7.02 5.5 15.0 … … 92.8 93.4 28.5 6.7 4.66 c 3.9 c 13.4 … 95.4 99.0 96.0 11.2 6.9 4.12 b 1.5 b 4.9 b 100.0 100.0 98.7 92.7 32.3 9.1 5.92 b 6.7 b 6.4 100.0 100.0 99.0 99.0 7.0 4.4 … … … 100.0 100.0 94.2 90.3 36.7 7.6 6.31 c 5.2 c 19.7 90.0 91.9 96.7 96.1 5.6 12.4 4.06 b 3.2 b 5.3 82.0 85.9 95.0 94.0 13.4 9.0 2.84 2.1 3.2 100.0 100.0 95.3 97.9 22.8 6.7 5.14 b 4.3 b 13.4 … 95.5 98.0 97.0 31.7 9.5 3.52 b 2.7 b 15.7 100.0 100.0 92.0 93.6 45.3 11.7 9.57 10.1 2.8 86.1 89.0 92.0 94.0 21.8 5.1 10.57 b 8.2 b 7.0 … … 97.6 98.1 34.3 6.3 8.42 c 6.8 c 6.6 b 70.4 74.4 96.2 87.1 12.3 6.5 4.8 b … … 94.6 90.3 37.1 10.5 6.37 6.0 24.6 97.2 98.5 98.7 99.0 22.8 7.8 6.38 c 5.0 c 14.0 99.7 99.9 96.0 95.0 11.9 8.8 2.1 c 3.0 c 8.9 100.0 100.0 96.7 97.4 20.3 9.6 3.37 b 3.0 b 25.0 100.0 100.0 98.0 97.0 16.1 9.6 2.69 c 2.4 c 7.7 100.0 100.0 96.0 92.0 28.1 11.3 3.67 c 4.0 c 4.1 b 100.0 100.0 96.4 94.5 60.1 5.8 c … … … 94.7 95.4 96.9 96.1 35.9 7.1 c 8.23 c 6.9 c 31.0 91.3 97.0 97.0 98.0 16.8 6.3 12.25 b 11.1 b 9.3 91.0 97.2 97.8 98.8 36.8 2.0 … … … 99.1 100.0 73.5 79.2 42.4 7.6 9.29 7.4 8.1 c 94.3 96.5 95.0 92.0 9.9 9.4 4.63 c 4.0 c 8.0 b 100.0 100.0 99.8 99.9 44.1 5.9 … … … 100.0 100.0 95.4 94.6 24.2 8.3 8.28 6.7 9.3 91.9 94.1 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% No and not planned for the future No, but planned for the future Yes, another strategy Yes, comprehensive health policy 2013 2010 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% No, and not planned for the future No, but planned for the future Indicators defined Targets defined 2013 2010 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% No Yes, included elsewhere Yes, stand alone 2013 2010 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% No, and not planned for the future Yes, in process Yes, adopted 2013 2010 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% No, and not planned for the future Yes, in process Yes, adopted 2013 2010 y = 0.1779x - 7.8742 R = 0.47786 65 69 73 77 81 85 0 2 4 6 8 10 Li fe s at is fa ct io n sc or e Life expectancy at birth (years) European regional average European regional average DO HI/SDH* POLICIES STRATEGIES EXIST? ALL ANSwERS (N=31 AND 36 FOR 2010 AND 2013, RESPECTIVELY) TARGET SETTING PROCESS EXISTS? ALL ANSwERS (N=31 AND 36 FOR 2010 AND 2013, RESPECTIVELY) HEALTH POLICY ALIGNED wITH H2020? ALL ANSwERS (N=31 AND 36 FOR 2010 AND 2013, RESPECTIVELY) IMPLEMENTATION PLAN IN PLACE? ALL ANSwERS (N=31 AND 36 FOR 2010 AND 2013, RESPECTIVELY) ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISM IN PLACE? ALL ANSwERS (N=31 AND 36 FOR 2010 AND 2013, RESPECTIVELY) LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH AND LIFE SATISFACTION IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES** ** Only indicators that are reported by country to WHO are reported in the tables Health 2020: qualitative indicators * Health inequities/Social determinants of health 0 400 800 1200 Be la ru s Ru ss ia n Fe de ra tio n Ka za kh st an Uk ra in e Re pu bl ic o f M ol do va La tv ia Ky rg yz st an Hu ng ar y Li th ua ni a Bu lg ar ia Ro m an ia Se rb ia Ar m en ia Es to ni a Sl ov ak ia M KD * Po la nd Cr oa tia M on te ne gr o Bo sn ia a nd H er ze go vin a Cz ec h Re pu bl ic Tu rk ey Sl ov en ia Ge or gi a Gr ee ce Ge rm an y Fi nl an d Au st ria Po rtu ga l Be lg iu m Fr an ce Sp ai n Un ite d Ki ng do m De nm ar k M al ta Ne th er la nd s Ire la nd Lu xe m bo ur g Ita ly Cy pr us Ic el an d No rw ay Is ra el Sw itz er la nd Sw ed en Males Females Ag e- st an da rd iz ed m or ta lit y ra te fo r ca us es c om bi ne d, ag es 3 0- 69 y ea rs , p er 1 00 0 00 Min Max European average 0 70 80 1999 2003 2006 2009 2012 MORTALITY FROM SELECTED* NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, AGES-30-69 YEARS, BY SEX LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, LATEST AVAILABLE DATA, 2009-2012. PROPORTION OF CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE NOT ENROLLED IN THE EUROPEAN REGION, TRENDS, 1999-2012 MORTALITY FROM SELECTED NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASES IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, AGES-30-69 YEARS, BY SEX 0 4 8 12 16 20 1999 2003 2006 2009 2012 Min Max European average Ischaemic heart disease Cerebrovascular disease Diabetes mellitus Chronic obstructive respiratory disease Female breast cancerAg e- st an da rd iz ed d ea th ra te , 0– 64 y ea rs , p er 1 00 0 00 Lung cancer 75 50 25 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH FROM NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IN EUROPE, TRENDS 1990–2012 Life expectancy (in years) 68.67 82.83 Health 2020: quantitative indicators * Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory diseases. The data for the core health indicators were compiled, validated and processed in a standard way by WHO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), EUROSTAT, other United Nations agencies and international networks, in order to improve the international comparability of the statistics. Nevertheless, many factors may influence the accuracy and comparability of national statistics, such as variation in definitions, incomplete registration, and other national specificities in data recording and processing. The international comparison of indicators should therefore always be interpreted with caution. Four mortality-based indicators (life expectancy and rates for infant, child (under 5 years) and maternal mortality) are presented, based on official mortality data from countries. Cause-specific mortality rates (indicators 15–21) are age-standardized death rates, calculated using the European standard population structure (see the European Mortality Database (http://data.euro. who.int/hfamdb/help/mTechnical.htm)). Age- standardization improves international comparability by removing the effects in mortality rates of intercountry differences in population age structures. The proportion of ill-defined causes of death is used as an indication of the quality of the certification and coding of causes of death. The bottom row in the data tables, the WHO European Region, gives the population-weighted average for all countries in the Region for which data are available. The exception is indicator 1, mid- year population, where the value is the sum of the countries’ populations. © world Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part if the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. world Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe UN City, Marmorvej 51, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Tel.: +45 45 33 70 00; Fax: +45 45 33 70 01 Email: contact@euro.who.int; Website: www.euro.who.int Indicators related to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are indicated as such. Data were retrieved from the WHO European Health for All Database (HFA-DB), unless specified in the tables. The range of data presented was limited to the years 2009–2012 for the sake of actuality and comparability. Additional indicators and more detailed data can be found in the databases on the websites of the WHO Regional Office for Europe (http://www.euro.who.int/ en/what-we-do/data-and-evidence/databases) and WHO headquarters (www.who.int). Technical notes and sources Indicator Data source 1, 2, 3, 4 The national data reported by countries directly to WHO or, when unavailable, World population prospects: the 2012 revision, from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 3 Reports of the World Bank, the United Nations Development Programme and country statistical yearbooks 5 World urbanization prospects: the 2011 revision from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division 7 Yearbook of labour statistics from the International Labour Organization, Department of Statistics 8, 9 The World Development Indicators database of the World Bank 29 The WHO Global Health Observatory 28, 30, 31 WHO estimates based on nationally reported data and data or estimates from the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the United Nations and OECD 32, 33 OECD Health Data 46, 47 Progress on sanitation and drinking-water. 2013 update from the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation 49-58 For definitions and data sources of the core Health 2020 targets indicators see: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Targets and indicators for Health 2020, version 2. Copenhagen, 2014, 63p. Data is taken from the WHO European Health for All family of databases Data on proportion of children of school age not enrolled is taken from the UIS Statistics, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Data on life satisfaction was taken from the Human Development Report, 2011, United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Document number: WHO/EURO:2014-6489-46255-66907