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Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts: interim guidance, 20 January 2020

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1 Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts Interim guidance 20 January 2020 Preamble WHO has developed this rapid advice note to meet the need for recommendations on the safe home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and public health measures related to management of asymptomatic contacts. The document is informed by evidence-based guidelines published by WHO, including Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: WHO interim guidance (1), and based on the current information available regarding the 2019-nCoV infection. This document is adapted from the original version addressing MERS-CoV, which was published in June 2018. This rapid advice is intended for public health and infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals, health care managers, and health care workers. WHO continues to monitor the situation closely for any new data that may warrant revision of the contents of this rapid advice note. Please refer to the following document for 2019-nCoV case definition.: https://www.who.int/publications- detail/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human-infection- with-novel-coronavirus-(ncov) Home care for patients with suspected 2019- nCoV infection presenting with mild symptoms In view of the currently limited knowledge of the disease caused by 2019-nCoV infection and its transmission patterns, WHO recommends that suspected cases of 2019- nCoV infection be isolated and monitored in a hospital setting. This would ensure both safety and quality of health care (in case patients’ symptoms worsen) and public health security. However, for several possible reasons, including situations when inpatient care is unavailable or unsafe (i.e. limited capacity and resources unable to meet demand for health care services), or in a case of informed refusal of 1 These includes home settings. 2 Low-grade fever, cough, malaise, rhinorrhoea, sore throat without any warning signs, such as shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing, increased respiratory (i.e. sputum or haemoptysis), gastro-intestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea and without changes in mental status (i.e. confusion, lethargy). 3 A sample checklist is available on page 53 of Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: (1). hospitalization, alternative settings1 for health care provision may need to be considered. If such a reason exists, patients with mild symptoms2 and without underlying chronic conditions such as lung or heart disease, renal failure, or immunocompromising conditions that place him/her at increased risk of developing complications may be cared for in the home environment. The same principle of care in the home environment applies to symptomatic patients no longer requiring hospitalization. This decision requires careful clinical judgment and should be informed by assessing the safety of the patient’s home environment3. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the full duration of the home care period until the patient fully recovers. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status for the progression of symptoms3of contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. In addition, the patients and the household members should be educated on personal hygiene, basic infection prevention and control measures, on how to care for the suspected infected member of the family as safely as possible, and to prevent spread of infection to household contacts. The patient and family should be provided with ongoing support, education and monitoring. They should adhere to the following recommendations. • Place the patient in a well-ventilated single room. • Limit the number of caretakers of the patient, ideally assign one person who is in a good health without risk conditions. No visitors. • Household members should stay in a different room or, if that is not possible, maintain a distance of at least 1 m from the ill person (e.g. sleep in a separate bed)4. • Limit the movement of the patient and minimize shared space. Ensure that shared spaces (e.g. kitchen, bathroom) are well ventilated (e.g. keep windows open). • The caregiver should wear a medical mask fitted tightly to the face when in the same room with the ill person. Masks should not be touched or handled during use. If the mask gets wet or dirty with secretions, it must be 4 An exception may be considered for a breastfeeding mother. Considering the benefits of breastfeeding and insignificant role of the breast milk in transmission of other respiratory viruses, the mother could continue breastfeeding. The mother should wear a medical mask when she is near her baby and perform careful hand hygiene before close contact with the baby. She would need also to apply the other hygienic measures described in this document. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 2 changed immediately. Discard the mask after use and perform hand hygiene after removal of the mask. • Perform hand hygiene (2) following all contact with ill persons or their immediate environment. Hand hygiene should also be performed before and after preparing food, before eating, after using the toilet, and whenever hands look dirty. If hands are not visibly soiled, alcohol- based hand rub can be used. Perform hand hygiene using soap and water when hands are visibly soiled. Address safety concerns (e.g. accidental ingestion and fire hazards) before recommending alcohol-based hand rubs for household use. • When using soap and water, disposable paper towels to dry hands is desirable. If not available, use dedicated cloth towels and replace them when they become wet. • Respiratory hygiene should be practiced by all, especially ill persons, at all times. Respiratory hygiene refers to covering the mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing using medical masks, cloth masks, tissues or flexed elbow, followed by hand hygiene. • Discard materials used to cover the mouth or nose or clean them appropriately after use (e.g. wash handkerchiefs using regular soap or detergent and water). • Avoid direct contact with body fluids, particularly oral or respiratory secretions, and stool. Use disposable gloves to provide oral or respiratory care and when handling stool, urine and waste. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Gloves, tissues, masks and other waste generated by ill persons or in the care of ill persons should be placed in a lined container in the ill person’s room before disposal with other household waste.4 • Avoid other types of possible exposure to ill persons or contaminated items in their immediate environment (e.g. avoid sharing toothbrushes, cigarettes, eating utensils, dishes, drinks, towels, washcloths or bed linen). Eating utensils and dishes should be cleaned with either soap or detergent and water after use and may be re-used instead of being discarded. • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as bedside tables, bedframes, and other bedroom furniture daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach5 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean and disinfect bathroom and toilet surfaces at least once daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach6 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean clothes, bedclothes, bath and hand towels, etc. of ill persons using regular laundry soap and water or machine wash at 60–90 °C with common household detergent, and dry thoroughly. Place contaminated linen into a laundry bag. Do not shake soiled laundry and avoid direct contact of the skin and clothes with the contaminated materials. • Use disposable gloves and protective clothing (e.g. plastic aprons) when cleaning or handling surfaces, 4 Countries may consider measures to ensure that the waste is disposed at a sanitary landfill, and not at an unmonitored open dump, wherever possible. Additional measures may be needed to prevent unhygienic reuse of gloves, masks, clothing or linen soiled with body fluids. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Persons with symptoms should remain at home until their symptoms are resolved based on either clinical and/or laboratory findings (two negative RT-PCR tests at least 24 hours apart). • All household members should be considered contacts and their health should be monitored as described below. • If a household member develops symptoms of acute respiratory infection, including fever, cough, sore throat and difficult breathing, follow public health recommendations below. Healthcare workers providing home care should do risk assessment to select the appropriate PPE. Management of contacts In view of the limited evidence of human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV, persons (including health care workers) who may have been exposed to individuals with suspected 2019-nCoV infection should be advised to monitor their health for 14 days from the last day of possible contact and seek immediate medical attention if they develop any symptoms, particularly fever, respiratory symptoms such as coughing or shortness of breath, or diarrhoea. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the duration of the observation period. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status of the contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. The healthcare provider should give advance instructions on where to seek care when a contact becomes ill, what should be the most appropriate mode of transportation, when and where to enter the designated health care facility, and what infection control precautions should be followed. • Notify the receiving medical facility that a symptomatic contact will be coming to their facility. • While traveling to seek care, the ill person should wear a medical mask. • Avoid public transportation to the health care facility, if possible; call an ambulance or transport the ill person with a private vehicle and open the windows of the vehicle if possible. • The ill contact should be advised to always perform respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene; stand or sit as far away from others as possible (at least 1 m), when in transit and when in the health care facility. • Appropriate hand hygiene should be employed by the ill contact and caregivers. • Any surfaces that become soiled with respiratory secretions or body fluids during transport should be cleaned and disinfected with regular household containing a diluted bleach solution6 (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). syringes and other items, and other hazards occurring from scavenging at waste disposal sites. 5 Most household bleach solutions contain 5% sodium hypochlorite. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 3 Acknowledgements This rapid guidance is based on the MERS-CoV document which was developed in consultation with the WHO Global Infection Prevention and Control Network and other international experts. WHO thanks those who were involved in the development and updates of IPC documents for MERS- CoV. References 1. Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory diseases in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6; https://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/infection_control/pu blication/en/, accessed 14 January 2020). 2. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44102, accessed 13 June 2018). Further References Management of asymptomatic persons who are RT-PCR positive for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.2 Rev.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/manag ement_of_asymptomatic_patients/en/, accessed 13 June 2018). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/Clinical/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/case- management-ipc/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control during health care for probable or confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: interim guidance: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.1; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/174652, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory infections in health care: WHO guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112656, accessed 14 June 2018). Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, Jensen P, Li Y, Seto WH, editors. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings: WHO guidelines 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44167, accessed 14 June 2018). Laboratory testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: interim guidance (revised). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/LAB/15.1/Rev1/2018; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- laboratory-testing/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Investigation of cases of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.2; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- investigation-cases/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Surveillance for human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/surveil lance-human-infection-mers/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, Al-Rabeeah AA, Stephens GM. Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(26):2487–94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718156). Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(24):ii (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787161, accessed 13 June 2018). Hijawi B, Abdallat M, Sayaydeh A et al. Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(Suppl 1):S12–8 (http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/v19/Supp1/EMHJ_201 3_19_Supp1_S12_S18.pdf, accessed 13 June 2018). Health Protection Agency (HPA) UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team. Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections, United Kingdom, February 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(11):20427 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517868, accessed 13 June 2018). Guery B, Poissy J, el Mansouf L, Séjourné C, Ettahar N, Lemaire X et al. Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission. Lancet. 2013; 381(9885):2265–72 doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)60982-4. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, Price CS, Al Rabeeah AA, Cummings DA et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):407–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742. Omrani AS, Matin MA, Haddad Q, Al-Nakhli D, Memish ZA, Albarrak AM. A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case. Int J Infect Diseases. 2013;17(9):e668-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.001. Ki M. 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to-hospital transmission. Epidemiol Health. 2015;37: e2015033. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2015033. Drosten C, Meyer B, Müller MA, Corman VM, Al-Masri M, Hossain Ret al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:828-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405858. WHO MERS-CoV summary and literature updates - 2013- 2017. (http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/archiv e_updates/en/). Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 4 ISBN 978-92-4-000083-4 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000084-1 (print version) © World Health Organization 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO licence.

1 Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts Interim guidance 20 January 2020 Preamble WHO has developed this rapid advice note to meet the need for recommendations on the safe home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and public health measures related to management of asymptomatic contacts. The document is informed by evidence-based guidelines published by WHO, including Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: WHO interim guidance (1), and based on the current information available regarding the 2019-nCoV infection. This document is adapted from the original version addressing MERS-CoV, which was published in June 2018. This rapid advice is intended for public health and infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals, health care managers, and health care workers. WHO continues to monitor the situation closely for any new data that may warrant revision of the contents of this rapid advice note. Please refer to the following document for 2019-nCoV case definition.: https://www.who.int/publications- detail/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human-infection- with-novel-coronavirus-(ncov) Home care for patients with suspected 2019- nCoV infection presenting with mild symptoms In view of the currently limited knowledge of the disease caused by 2019-nCoV infection and its transmission patterns, WHO recommends that suspected cases of 2019- nCoV infection be isolated and monitored in a hospital setting. This would ensure both safety and quality of health care (in case patients’ symptoms worsen) and public health security. However, for several possible reasons, including situations when inpatient care is unavailable or unsafe (i.e. limited capacity and resources unable to meet demand for health care services), or in a case of informed refusal of 1 These includes home settings. 2 Low-grade fever, cough, malaise, rhinorrhoea, sore throat without any warning signs, such as shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing, increased respiratory (i.e. sputum or haemoptysis), gastro-intestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea and without changes in mental status (i.e. confusion, lethargy). 3 A sample checklist is available on page 53 of Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: (1). hospitalization, alternative settings1 for health care provision may need to be considered. If such a reason exists, patients with mild symptoms2 and without underlying chronic conditions such as lung or heart disease, renal failure, or immunocompromising conditions that place him/her at increased risk of developing complications may be cared for in the home environment. The same principle of care in the home environment applies to symptomatic patients no longer requiring hospitalization. This decision requires careful clinical judgment and should be informed by assessing the safety of the patient’s home environment3. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the full duration of the home care period until the patient fully recovers. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status for the progression of symptoms3of contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. In addition, the patients and the household members should be educated on personal hygiene, basic infection prevention and control measures, on how to care for the suspected infected member of the family as safely as possible, and to prevent spread of infection to household contacts. The patient and family should be provided with ongoing support, education and monitoring. They should adhere to the following recommendations. • Place the patient in a well-ventilated single room. • Limit the number of caretakers of the patient, ideally assign one person who is in a good health without risk conditions. No visitors. • Household members should stay in a different room or, if that is not possible, maintain a distance of at least 1 m from the ill person (e.g. sleep in a separate bed)4. • Limit the movement of the patient and minimize shared space. Ensure that shared spaces (e.g. kitchen, bathroom) are well ventilated (e.g. keep windows open). • The caregiver should wear a medical mask fitted tightly to the face when in the same room with the ill person. Masks should not be touched or handled during use. If the mask gets wet or dirty with secretions, it must be 4 An exception may be considered for a breastfeeding mother. Considering the benefits of breastfeeding and insignificant role of the breast milk in transmission of other respiratory viruses, the mother could continue breastfeeding. The mother should wear a medical mask when she is near her baby and perform careful hand hygiene before close contact with the baby. She would need also to apply the other hygienic measures described in this document. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 2 changed immediately. Discard the mask after use and perform hand hygiene after removal of the mask. • Perform hand hygiene (2) following all contact with ill persons or their immediate environment. Hand hygiene should also be performed before and after preparing food, before eating, after using the toilet, and whenever hands look dirty. If hands are not visibly soiled, alcohol- based hand rub can be used. Perform hand hygiene using soap and water when hands are visibly soiled. Address safety concerns (e.g. accidental ingestion and fire hazards) before recommending alcohol-based hand rubs for household use. • When using soap and water, disposable paper towels to dry hands is desirable. If not available, use dedicated cloth towels and replace them when they become wet. • Respiratory hygiene should be practiced by all, especially ill persons, at all times. Respiratory hygiene refers to covering the mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing using medical masks, cloth masks, tissues or flexed elbow, followed by hand hygiene. • Discard materials used to cover the mouth or nose or clean them appropriately after use (e.g. wash handkerchiefs using regular soap or detergent and water). • Avoid direct contact with body fluids, particularly oral or respiratory secretions, and stool. Use disposable gloves to provide oral or respiratory care and when handling stool, urine and waste. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Gloves, tissues, masks and other waste generated by ill persons or in the care of ill persons should be placed in a lined container in the ill person’s room before disposal with other household waste.4 • Avoid other types of possible exposure to ill persons or contaminated items in their immediate environment (e.g. avoid sharing toothbrushes, cigarettes, eating utensils, dishes, drinks, towels, washcloths or bed linen). Eating utensils and dishes should be cleaned with either soap or detergent and water after use and may be re-used instead of being discarded. • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as bedside tables, bedframes, and other bedroom furniture daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach5 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean and disinfect bathroom and toilet surfaces at least once daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach6 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean clothes, bedclothes, bath and hand towels, etc. of ill persons using regular laundry soap and water or machine wash at 60–90 °C with common household detergent, and dry thoroughly. Place contaminated linen into a laundry bag. Do not shake soiled laundry and avoid direct contact of the skin and clothes with the contaminated materials. • Use disposable gloves and protective clothing (e.g. plastic aprons) when cleaning or handling surfaces, 4 Countries may consider measures to ensure that the waste is disposed at a sanitary landfill, and not at an unmonitored open dump, wherever possible. Additional measures may be needed to prevent unhygienic reuse of gloves, masks, clothing or linen soiled with body fluids. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Persons with symptoms should remain at home until their symptoms are resolved based on either clinical and/or laboratory findings (two negative RT-PCR tests at least 24 hours apart). • All household members should be considered contacts and their health should be monitored as described below. • If a household member develops symptoms of acute respiratory infection, including fever, cough, sore throat and difficult breathing, follow public health recommendations below. Healthcare workers providing home care should do risk assessment to select the appropriate PPE. Management of contacts In view of the limited evidence of human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV, persons (including health care workers) who may have been exposed to individuals with suspected 2019-nCoV infection should be advised to monitor their health for 14 days from the last day of possible contact and seek immediate medical attention if they develop any symptoms, particularly fever, respiratory symptoms such as coughing or shortness of breath, or diarrhoea. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the duration of the observation period. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status of the contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. The healthcare provider should give advance instructions on where to seek care when a contact becomes ill, what should be the most appropriate mode of transportation, when and where to enter the designated health care facility, and what infection control precautions should be followed. • Notify the receiving medical facility that a symptomatic contact will be coming to their facility. • While traveling to seek care, the ill person should wear a medical mask. • Avoid public transportation to the health care facility, if possible; call an ambulance or transport the ill person with a private vehicle and open the windows of the vehicle if possible. • The ill contact should be advised to always perform respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene; stand or sit as far away from others as possible (at least 1 m), when in transit and when in the health care facility. • Appropriate hand hygiene should be employed by the ill contact and caregivers. • Any surfaces that become soiled with respiratory secretions or body fluids during transport should be cleaned and disinfected with regular household containing a diluted bleach solution6 (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). syringes and other items, and other hazards occurring from scavenging at waste disposal sites. 5 Most household bleach solutions contain 5% sodium hypochlorite. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 3 Acknowledgements This rapid guidance is based on the MERS-CoV document which was developed in consultation with the WHO Global Infection Prevention and Control Network and other international experts. WHO thanks those who were involved in the development and updates of IPC documents for MERS- CoV. References 1. Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory diseases in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6; https://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/infection_control/pu blication/en/, accessed 14 January 2020). 2. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44102, accessed 13 June 2018). Further References Management of asymptomatic persons who are RT-PCR positive for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.2 Rev.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/manag ement_of_asymptomatic_patients/en/, accessed 13 June 2018). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/Clinical/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/case- management-ipc/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control during health care for probable or confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: interim guidance: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.1; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/174652, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory infections in health care: WHO guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112656, accessed 14 June 2018). Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, Jensen P, Li Y, Seto WH, editors. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings: WHO guidelines 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44167, accessed 14 June 2018). Laboratory testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: interim guidance (revised). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/LAB/15.1/Rev1/2018; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- laboratory-testing/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Investigation of cases of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.2; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- investigation-cases/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Surveillance for human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/surveil lance-human-infection-mers/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, Al-Rabeeah AA, Stephens GM. Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(26):2487–94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718156). Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(24):ii (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787161, accessed 13 June 2018). Hijawi B, Abdallat M, Sayaydeh A et al. Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(Suppl 1):S12–8 (http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/v19/Supp1/EMHJ_201 3_19_Supp1_S12_S18.pdf, accessed 13 June 2018). Health Protection Agency (HPA) UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team. Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections, United Kingdom, February 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(11):20427 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517868, accessed 13 June 2018). Guery B, Poissy J, el Mansouf L, Séjourné C, Ettahar N, Lemaire X et al. Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission. Lancet. 2013; 381(9885):2265–72 doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)60982-4. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, Price CS, Al Rabeeah AA, Cummings DA et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):407–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742. Omrani AS, Matin MA, Haddad Q, Al-Nakhli D, Memish ZA, Albarrak AM. A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case. Int J Infect Diseases. 2013;17(9):e668-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.001. Ki M. 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to-hospital transmission. Epidemiol Health. 2015;37: e2015033. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2015033. Drosten C, Meyer B, Müller MA, Corman VM, Al-Masri M, Hossain Ret al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:828-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405858. WHO MERS-CoV summary and literature updates - 2013- 2017. (http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/archiv e_updates/en/). Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 4 ISBN 978-92-4-000083-4 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000084-1 (print version) © World Health Organization 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO licence.

1 Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts Interim guidance 20 January 2020 Preamble WHO has developed this rapid advice note to meet the need for recommendations on the safe home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and public health measures related to management of asymptomatic contacts. The document is informed by evidence-based guidelines published by WHO, including Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: WHO interim guidance (1), and based on the current information available regarding the 2019-nCoV infection. This document is adapted from the original version addressing MERS-CoV, which was published in June 2018. This rapid advice is intended for public health and infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals, health care managers, and health care workers. WHO continues to monitor the situation closely for any new data that may warrant revision of the contents of this rapid advice note. Please refer to the following document for 2019-nCoV case definition.: https://www.who.int/publications- detail/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human-infection- with-novel-coronavirus-(ncov) Home care for patients with suspected 2019- nCoV infection presenting with mild symptoms In view of the currently limited knowledge of the disease caused by 2019-nCoV infection and its transmission patterns, WHO recommends that suspected cases of 2019- nCoV infection be isolated and monitored in a hospital setting. This would ensure both safety and quality of health care (in case patients’ symptoms worsen) and public health security. However, for several possible reasons, including situations when inpatient care is unavailable or unsafe (i.e. limited capacity and resources unable to meet demand for health care services), or in a case of informed refusal of 1 These includes home settings. 2 Low-grade fever, cough, malaise, rhinorrhoea, sore throat without any warning signs, such as shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing, increased respiratory (i.e. sputum or haemoptysis), gastro-intestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea and without changes in mental status (i.e. confusion, lethargy). 3 A sample checklist is available on page 53 of Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: (1). hospitalization, alternative settings1 for health care provision may need to be considered. If such a reason exists, patients with mild symptoms2 and without underlying chronic conditions such as lung or heart disease, renal failure, or immunocompromising conditions that place him/her at increased risk of developing complications may be cared for in the home environment. The same principle of care in the home environment applies to symptomatic patients no longer requiring hospitalization. This decision requires careful clinical judgment and should be informed by assessing the safety of the patient’s home environment3. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the full duration of the home care period until the patient fully recovers. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status for the progression of symptoms3of contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. In addition, the patients and the household members should be educated on personal hygiene, basic infection prevention and control measures, on how to care for the suspected infected member of the family as safely as possible, and to prevent spread of infection to household contacts. The patient and family should be provided with ongoing support, education and monitoring. They should adhere to the following recommendations. • Place the patient in a well-ventilated single room. • Limit the number of caretakers of the patient, ideally assign one person who is in a good health without risk conditions. No visitors. • Household members should stay in a different room or, if that is not possible, maintain a distance of at least 1 m from the ill person (e.g. sleep in a separate bed)4. • Limit the movement of the patient and minimize shared space. Ensure that shared spaces (e.g. kitchen, bathroom) are well ventilated (e.g. keep windows open). • The caregiver should wear a medical mask fitted tightly to the face when in the same room with the ill person. Masks should not be touched or handled during use. If the mask gets wet or dirty with secretions, it must be 4 An exception may be considered for a breastfeeding mother. Considering the benefits of breastfeeding and insignificant role of the breast milk in transmission of other respiratory viruses, the mother could continue breastfeeding. The mother should wear a medical mask when she is near her baby and perform careful hand hygiene before close contact with the baby. She would need also to apply the other hygienic measures described in this document. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 2 changed immediately. Discard the mask after use and perform hand hygiene after removal of the mask. • Perform hand hygiene (2) following all contact with ill persons or their immediate environment. Hand hygiene should also be performed before and after preparing food, before eating, after using the toilet, and whenever hands look dirty. If hands are not visibly soiled, alcohol- based hand rub can be used. Perform hand hygiene using soap and water when hands are visibly soiled. Address safety concerns (e.g. accidental ingestion and fire hazards) before recommending alcohol-based hand rubs for household use. • When using soap and water, disposable paper towels to dry hands is desirable. If not available, use dedicated cloth towels and replace them when they become wet. • Respiratory hygiene should be practiced by all, especially ill persons, at all times. Respiratory hygiene refers to covering the mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing using medical masks, cloth masks, tissues or flexed elbow, followed by hand hygiene. • Discard materials used to cover the mouth or nose or clean them appropriately after use (e.g. wash handkerchiefs using regular soap or detergent and water). • Avoid direct contact with body fluids, particularly oral or respiratory secretions, and stool. Use disposable gloves to provide oral or respiratory care and when handling stool, urine and waste. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Gloves, tissues, masks and other waste generated by ill persons or in the care of ill persons should be placed in a lined container in the ill person’s room before disposal with other household waste.4 • Avoid other types of possible exposure to ill persons or contaminated items in their immediate environment (e.g. avoid sharing toothbrushes, cigarettes, eating utensils, dishes, drinks, towels, washcloths or bed linen). Eating utensils and dishes should be cleaned with either soap or detergent and water after use and may be re-used instead of being discarded. • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as bedside tables, bedframes, and other bedroom furniture daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach5 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean and disinfect bathroom and toilet surfaces at least once daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach6 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean clothes, bedclothes, bath and hand towels, etc. of ill persons using regular laundry soap and water or machine wash at 60–90 °C with common household detergent, and dry thoroughly. Place contaminated linen into a laundry bag. Do not shake soiled laundry and avoid direct contact of the skin and clothes with the contaminated materials. • Use disposable gloves and protective clothing (e.g. plastic aprons) when cleaning or handling surfaces, 4 Countries may consider measures to ensure that the waste is disposed at a sanitary landfill, and not at an unmonitored open dump, wherever possible. Additional measures may be needed to prevent unhygienic reuse of gloves, masks, clothing or linen soiled with body fluids. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Persons with symptoms should remain at home until their symptoms are resolved based on either clinical and/or laboratory findings (two negative RT-PCR tests at least 24 hours apart). • All household members should be considered contacts and their health should be monitored as described below. • If a household member develops symptoms of acute respiratory infection, including fever, cough, sore throat and difficult breathing, follow public health recommendations below. Healthcare workers providing home care should do risk assessment to select the appropriate PPE. Management of contacts In view of the limited evidence of human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV, persons (including health care workers) who may have been exposed to individuals with suspected 2019-nCoV infection should be advised to monitor their health for 14 days from the last day of possible contact and seek immediate medical attention if they develop any symptoms, particularly fever, respiratory symptoms such as coughing or shortness of breath, or diarrhoea. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the duration of the observation period. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status of the contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. The healthcare provider should give advance instructions on where to seek care when a contact becomes ill, what should be the most appropriate mode of transportation, when and where to enter the designated health care facility, and what infection control precautions should be followed. • Notify the receiving medical facility that a symptomatic contact will be coming to their facility. • While traveling to seek care, the ill person should wear a medical mask. • Avoid public transportation to the health care facility, if possible; call an ambulance or transport the ill person with a private vehicle and open the windows of the vehicle if possible. • The ill contact should be advised to always perform respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene; stand or sit as far away from others as possible (at least 1 m), when in transit and when in the health care facility. • Appropriate hand hygiene should be employed by the ill contact and caregivers. • Any surfaces that become soiled with respiratory secretions or body fluids during transport should be cleaned and disinfected with regular household containing a diluted bleach solution6 (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). syringes and other items, and other hazards occurring from scavenging at waste disposal sites. 5 Most household bleach solutions contain 5% sodium hypochlorite. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 3 Acknowledgements This rapid guidance is based on the MERS-CoV document which was developed in consultation with the WHO Global Infection Prevention and Control Network and other international experts. WHO thanks those who were involved in the development and updates of IPC documents for MERS- CoV. References 1. Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory diseases in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6; https://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/infection_control/pu blication/en/, accessed 14 January 2020). 2. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44102, accessed 13 June 2018). Further References Management of asymptomatic persons who are RT-PCR positive for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.2 Rev.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/manag ement_of_asymptomatic_patients/en/, accessed 13 June 2018). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/Clinical/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/case- management-ipc/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control during health care for probable or confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: interim guidance: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.1; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/174652, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory infections in health care: WHO guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112656, accessed 14 June 2018). Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, Jensen P, Li Y, Seto WH, editors. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings: WHO guidelines 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44167, accessed 14 June 2018). Laboratory testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: interim guidance (revised). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/LAB/15.1/Rev1/2018; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- laboratory-testing/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Investigation of cases of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.2; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- investigation-cases/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Surveillance for human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/surveil lance-human-infection-mers/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, Al-Rabeeah AA, Stephens GM. Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(26):2487–94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718156). Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(24):ii (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787161, accessed 13 June 2018). Hijawi B, Abdallat M, Sayaydeh A et al. Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(Suppl 1):S12–8 (http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/v19/Supp1/EMHJ_201 3_19_Supp1_S12_S18.pdf, accessed 13 June 2018). Health Protection Agency (HPA) UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team. Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections, United Kingdom, February 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(11):20427 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517868, accessed 13 June 2018). Guery B, Poissy J, el Mansouf L, Séjourné C, Ettahar N, Lemaire X et al. Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission. Lancet. 2013; 381(9885):2265–72 doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)60982-4. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, Price CS, Al Rabeeah AA, Cummings DA et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):407–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742. Omrani AS, Matin MA, Haddad Q, Al-Nakhli D, Memish ZA, Albarrak AM. A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case. Int J Infect Diseases. 2013;17(9):e668-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.001. Ki M. 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to-hospital transmission. Epidemiol Health. 2015;37: e2015033. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2015033. Drosten C, Meyer B, Müller MA, Corman VM, Al-Masri M, Hossain Ret al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:828-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405858. WHO MERS-CoV summary and literature updates - 2013- 2017. (http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/archiv e_updates/en/). Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 4 ISBN 978-92-4-000083-4 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000084-1 (print version) © World Health Organization 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO licence.

1 Home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts Interim guidance 20 January 2020 Preamble WHO has developed this rapid advice note to meet the need for recommendations on the safe home care for patients with suspected novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and public health measures related to management of asymptomatic contacts. The document is informed by evidence-based guidelines published by WHO, including Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: WHO interim guidance (1), and based on the current information available regarding the 2019-nCoV infection. This document is adapted from the original version addressing MERS-CoV, which was published in June 2018. This rapid advice is intended for public health and infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals, health care managers, and health care workers. WHO continues to monitor the situation closely for any new data that may warrant revision of the contents of this rapid advice note. Please refer to the following document for 2019-nCoV case definition.: https://www.who.int/publications- detail/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human-infection- with-novel-coronavirus-(ncov) Home care for patients with suspected 2019- nCoV infection presenting with mild symptoms In view of the currently limited knowledge of the disease caused by 2019-nCoV infection and its transmission patterns, WHO recommends that suspected cases of 2019- nCoV infection be isolated and monitored in a hospital setting. This would ensure both safety and quality of health care (in case patients’ symptoms worsen) and public health security. However, for several possible reasons, including situations when inpatient care is unavailable or unsafe (i.e. limited capacity and resources unable to meet demand for health care services), or in a case of informed refusal of 1 These includes home settings. 2 Low-grade fever, cough, malaise, rhinorrhoea, sore throat without any warning signs, such as shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing, increased respiratory (i.e. sputum or haemoptysis), gastro-intestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhoea and without changes in mental status (i.e. confusion, lethargy). 3 A sample checklist is available on page 53 of Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: (1). hospitalization, alternative settings1 for health care provision may need to be considered. If such a reason exists, patients with mild symptoms2 and without underlying chronic conditions such as lung or heart disease, renal failure, or immunocompromising conditions that place him/her at increased risk of developing complications may be cared for in the home environment. The same principle of care in the home environment applies to symptomatic patients no longer requiring hospitalization. This decision requires careful clinical judgment and should be informed by assessing the safety of the patient’s home environment3. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the full duration of the home care period until the patient fully recovers. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status for the progression of symptoms3of contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. In addition, the patients and the household members should be educated on personal hygiene, basic infection prevention and control measures, on how to care for the suspected infected member of the family as safely as possible, and to prevent spread of infection to household contacts. The patient and family should be provided with ongoing support, education and monitoring. They should adhere to the following recommendations. • Place the patient in a well-ventilated single room. • Limit the number of caretakers of the patient, ideally assign one person who is in a good health without risk conditions. No visitors. • Household members should stay in a different room or, if that is not possible, maintain a distance of at least 1 m from the ill person (e.g. sleep in a separate bed)4. • Limit the movement of the patient and minimize shared space. Ensure that shared spaces (e.g. kitchen, bathroom) are well ventilated (e.g. keep windows open). • The caregiver should wear a medical mask fitted tightly to the face when in the same room with the ill person. Masks should not be touched or handled during use. If the mask gets wet or dirty with secretions, it must be 4 An exception may be considered for a breastfeeding mother. Considering the benefits of breastfeeding and insignificant role of the breast milk in transmission of other respiratory viruses, the mother could continue breastfeeding. The mother should wear a medical mask when she is near her baby and perform careful hand hygiene before close contact with the baby. She would need also to apply the other hygienic measures described in this document. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 2 changed immediately. Discard the mask after use and perform hand hygiene after removal of the mask. • Perform hand hygiene (2) following all contact with ill persons or their immediate environment. Hand hygiene should also be performed before and after preparing food, before eating, after using the toilet, and whenever hands look dirty. If hands are not visibly soiled, alcohol- based hand rub can be used. Perform hand hygiene using soap and water when hands are visibly soiled. Address safety concerns (e.g. accidental ingestion and fire hazards) before recommending alcohol-based hand rubs for household use. • When using soap and water, disposable paper towels to dry hands is desirable. If not available, use dedicated cloth towels and replace them when they become wet. • Respiratory hygiene should be practiced by all, especially ill persons, at all times. Respiratory hygiene refers to covering the mouth and nose during coughing or sneezing using medical masks, cloth masks, tissues or flexed elbow, followed by hand hygiene. • Discard materials used to cover the mouth or nose or clean them appropriately after use (e.g. wash handkerchiefs using regular soap or detergent and water). • Avoid direct contact with body fluids, particularly oral or respiratory secretions, and stool. Use disposable gloves to provide oral or respiratory care and when handling stool, urine and waste. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Gloves, tissues, masks and other waste generated by ill persons or in the care of ill persons should be placed in a lined container in the ill person’s room before disposal with other household waste.4 • Avoid other types of possible exposure to ill persons or contaminated items in their immediate environment (e.g. avoid sharing toothbrushes, cigarettes, eating utensils, dishes, drinks, towels, washcloths or bed linen). Eating utensils and dishes should be cleaned with either soap or detergent and water after use and may be re-used instead of being discarded. • Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces such as bedside tables, bedframes, and other bedroom furniture daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach5 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean and disinfect bathroom and toilet surfaces at least once daily with regular household disinfectant containing a diluted bleach6 solution (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). • Clean clothes, bedclothes, bath and hand towels, etc. of ill persons using regular laundry soap and water or machine wash at 60–90 °C with common household detergent, and dry thoroughly. Place contaminated linen into a laundry bag. Do not shake soiled laundry and avoid direct contact of the skin and clothes with the contaminated materials. • Use disposable gloves and protective clothing (e.g. plastic aprons) when cleaning or handling surfaces, 4 Countries may consider measures to ensure that the waste is disposed at a sanitary landfill, and not at an unmonitored open dump, wherever possible. Additional measures may be needed to prevent unhygienic reuse of gloves, masks, clothing or linen soiled with body fluids. Perform hand hygiene before and after removing gloves. • Persons with symptoms should remain at home until their symptoms are resolved based on either clinical and/or laboratory findings (two negative RT-PCR tests at least 24 hours apart). • All household members should be considered contacts and their health should be monitored as described below. • If a household member develops symptoms of acute respiratory infection, including fever, cough, sore throat and difficult breathing, follow public health recommendations below. Healthcare workers providing home care should do risk assessment to select the appropriate PPE. Management of contacts In view of the limited evidence of human-to-human transmission of 2019-nCoV, persons (including health care workers) who may have been exposed to individuals with suspected 2019-nCoV infection should be advised to monitor their health for 14 days from the last day of possible contact and seek immediate medical attention if they develop any symptoms, particularly fever, respiratory symptoms such as coughing or shortness of breath, or diarrhoea. A communication link with a health care provider should be established for the duration of the observation period. Health care personnel should be involved in reviewing the current health status of the contacts by phone and, ideally and if feasible, by face-to-face visits on a regular (e.g. daily) basis, performing specific diagnostic tests as necessary. The healthcare provider should give advance instructions on where to seek care when a contact becomes ill, what should be the most appropriate mode of transportation, when and where to enter the designated health care facility, and what infection control precautions should be followed. • Notify the receiving medical facility that a symptomatic contact will be coming to their facility. • While traveling to seek care, the ill person should wear a medical mask. • Avoid public transportation to the health care facility, if possible; call an ambulance or transport the ill person with a private vehicle and open the windows of the vehicle if possible. • The ill contact should be advised to always perform respiratory hygiene and hand hygiene; stand or sit as far away from others as possible (at least 1 m), when in transit and when in the health care facility. • Appropriate hand hygiene should be employed by the ill contact and caregivers. • Any surfaces that become soiled with respiratory secretions or body fluids during transport should be cleaned and disinfected with regular household containing a diluted bleach solution6 (1-part bleach to 99 parts water). syringes and other items, and other hazards occurring from scavenging at waste disposal sites. 5 Most household bleach solutions contain 5% sodium hypochlorite. Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 3 Acknowledgements This rapid guidance is based on the MERS-CoV document which was developed in consultation with the WHO Global Infection Prevention and Control Network and other international experts. WHO thanks those who were involved in the development and updates of IPC documents for MERS- CoV. References 1. Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory diseases in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6; https://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/infection_control/pu blication/en/, accessed 14 January 2020). 2. WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44102, accessed 13 June 2018). Further References Management of asymptomatic persons who are RT-PCR positive for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.2 Rev.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/manag ement_of_asymptomatic_patients/en/, accessed 13 June 2018). Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS- CoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/Clinical/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/case- management-ipc/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control during health care for probable or confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: interim guidance: Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.1; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/174652, accessed 14 June 2018). Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic- prone acute respiratory infections in health care: WHO guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112656, accessed 14 June 2018). Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, Jensen P, Li Y, Seto WH, editors. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings: WHO guidelines 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44167, accessed 14 June 2018). Laboratory testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: interim guidance (revised). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/MERS/LAB/15.1/Rev1/2018; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- laboratory-testing/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Investigation of cases of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.2; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- investigation-cases/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Surveillance for human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/surveil lance-human-infection-mers/en/, accessed 14 June 2018). Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, Al-Rabeeah AA, Stephens GM. Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(26):2487–94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718156). Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(24):ii (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787161, accessed 13 June 2018). Hijawi B, Abdallat M, Sayaydeh A et al. Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(Suppl 1):S12–8 (http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/v19/Supp1/EMHJ_201 3_19_Supp1_S12_S18.pdf, accessed 13 June 2018). Health Protection Agency (HPA) UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team. Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections, United Kingdom, February 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(11):20427 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517868, accessed 13 June 2018). Guery B, Poissy J, el Mansouf L, Séjourné C, Ettahar N, Lemaire X et al. Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission. Lancet. 2013; 381(9885):2265–72 doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)60982-4. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, Price CS, Al Rabeeah AA, Cummings DA et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):407–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742. Omrani AS, Matin MA, Haddad Q, Al-Nakhli D, Memish ZA, Albarrak AM. A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case. Int J Infect Diseases. 2013;17(9):e668-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.001. Ki M. 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to-hospital transmission. Epidemiol Health. 2015;37: e2015033. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2015033. Drosten C, Meyer B, Müller MA, Corman VM, Al-Masri M, Hossain Ret al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:828-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405858. WHO MERS-CoV summary and literature updates - 2013- 2017. (http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/archiv e_updates/en/). Home care for patients with novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts 4 ISBN 978-92-4-000083-4 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000084-1 (print version) © World Health Organization 2020. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC- SA 3.0 IGO licence.

1 症状轻微的疑似新型冠状病毒(nCoV)感 染者的家庭护理和接触者管理 临时指导文件 2020年 1月 20日 序言 这份快速建议说明由世卫组织编写,以满足对症状 轻微的疑似新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染者的安全 家庭护理以及与无症状接触者管理相关的公共卫生措施 建议的需求。 本文件参考了世卫组织发布的循证指南,包括《世 卫组织关于卫生保健中的预防和控制感染流行和大流行 性急性呼吸道疾病的临时指南》(1),并以关于 2019- nCoV感染的现有信息为基础。 本文件改编自 2018年 6月发布的针对 MERS-CoV 的原始版本。 这项快速建议面向公共卫生和感染预防与控制专业 人员、卫生保健管理者和卫生保健工作者。世卫组织继 续密切监测情况,以寻找可能使得有必要修订本快速建 议说明内容的新数据。 请参考以下文件以了解 2019-nCoV 病例的定义: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/surveillance-case- definitions-for-human-infection-with-novel-coronavirus- (ncov) 症状轻微的疑似 2019-nCoV感染者的家 庭护理 鉴于目前对 2019-nCoV 感染引起的疾病及其传播模 式的了解有限,世卫组织建议在医院环境中隔离和监测 2019-nCoV 感染疑似病例。这将确保卫生保健的安全和 质量(以防患者症状恶化)以及公共卫生安全。 然而,出于若干可能的原因,包括住院诊疗无法获 得或不安全(即能力和资源有限,无法满足对卫生保健 1 其中包括家庭环境。 2 低烧、咳嗽、不适、流涕、喉咙痛,无任何危险信号,如呼吸急促或呼 吸困难、呼吸频率加快(咯痰或咯血)、胃肠症状,如恶心、呕吐和/或腹 泻,精神状态无变化(如意识模糊、昏睡)。 3 《关于卫生保健中的预防和控制感染流行和大流行性急性呼吸道疾病的 临时指南》第53页提供了一份样本清单:(1)。 服务的需求),或者在知情的情况下拒绝住院,可能需 要考虑在其它环境中1提供卫生保健。 如果存在这样的原因,症状轻微2且无会增加其患并 发症风险的基础性慢性疾病(如肺或心脏疾病、肾衰竭 或免疫功能低下)的患者可以在家庭环境中接受护理。 家庭环境中的护理原则同样适用于不再需要住院治疗的 有症状患者。这一决定需要审慎的临床判断,并应考虑 患者的家庭环境安全性评估3。 在整个家庭护理期间应与卫生保健提供者建立沟通 联系,直至患者完全康复。卫生保健人员应通过电话以 及,可行的话,最好是通过定期(如每天)的面对面探 视,参与审查接触者的健康现状,以了解症状进展情 况 3,必要时应进行特定的诊断检测。 此外,患者和家属应接受个人卫生、基本的感染预 防和控制措施、如何尽可能安全地护理疑似受到感染的 家庭成员以及防止感染扩散到家庭接触者方面的教育。 应向患者及其家庭提供持续的支持、教育和监测。他们 应遵循以下建议。 • 将患者置于通风良好的单间。 • 限制病患看护者的人数,最好指定一个健康状 况良好且无风险条件的人。谢绝访客。 • 家庭成员应住在另一房间,如果不可能,应与 病人保持至少 1 米的距离(例如睡在另一张床 上)4。 • 限制病人的行动,尽量减少共享空间。确保共 享空间(如厨房、浴室)通风良好(如开 窗)。 • 当看护者与病人同处一室时,应戴上紧贴面部 的医用口罩。在使用过程中不应触摸或摆弄口 4 对进行母乳喂养的母亲可作例外考虑。考虑到母乳喂养有好处并且母乳 在其它呼吸道病毒传播中的作用微不足道,母亲可以继续进行母乳喂养。 母亲在靠近婴儿时应佩戴医用口罩,并且在与婴儿密切接触前应仔细采取 手卫生措施。她还需要采取本文件中描述的其他卫生措施。 症状轻微的新型冠状病毒(nCoV)感染者的家庭护理和接触者管理 2 罩。如果口罩被分泌物弄湿或弄脏,必须立即 更换。使用后应丢弃口罩,取下口罩后应采取 手卫生措施。 • 在与病人或其周围环境接触后应采取手卫生措 施(2)。在准备食物前后、吃饭前、上厕所后以 及手显得脏的时候也应采取手卫生措施。如果 手没有明显弄脏,可以使用含酒精成分的免洗 洗手液。在手明显弄脏时,用肥皂和水采取手 卫生措施。在推荐家用含酒精成分的免洗洗手 液之前,先考虑安全问题(如意外摄入和火灾 隐患)。 • 在使用肥皂和水时,用一次性纸巾擦干手是可 取的。如果没有,可使用专用毛巾,并在毛巾 变湿时更换。 • 所有人,尤其是病人,应随时注意呼吸卫生。 呼吸卫生是指在咳嗽或打喷嚏时用医用口罩、 布口罩、纸巾或弯曲的手肘遮住口鼻,随后采 取手卫生措施。 • 丢弃用于遮住口鼻的物件,或在使用后适当清 洁这些物件(例如,用普通肥皂或洗涤剂和水 清洗手帕)。 • 避免直接接触体液,尤其是口腔或呼吸道分泌 物和粪便。使用一次性手套进行口腔或呼吸道 护理以及处理粪便、尿液和废物。脱手套前后 应采取手卫生措施。 • 在与其他家庭垃圾一起处置之前,病人产生的 或在护理病人中产生的手套、纸巾、口罩和其 他废物应放在病人房中有内衬的容器里4。 • 避免与病人或其周围环境中的被污染物品发生 其它类型的可能接触(例如,避免共用牙刷、 香烟、餐具、盘子、饮料、毛巾、面巾或床 单)。餐具和盘子在使用后应该用肥皂或洗涤 剂以及水进行清洗,并且可以重复使用而不是 丢弃。 • 每天用含有稀释的漂白5溶液(1份漂白剂兑 99 份水)的常规家用消毒剂对经常接触的表面进 行清洁和消毒,如床头柜、床架和其他卧室家 具。 4各国可考虑采取措施,确保尽可能地在卫生填埋场而不是不受监督的 露天垃圾场处置废物。可能需要采取更多措施来防止不卫生地重复使 • 用含有稀释的漂白 6溶液(1 份漂白剂兑 99 份 水)的普通家用消毒剂对浴室和厕所表面进行 清洁和消毒,每天至少一次。 • 使用普通洗衣皂和水清洁病人的衣服、床上用 品、浴巾和手巾等,或用普通家用洗涤剂在 60–90℃的温度条件下进行机洗,并彻底烘 干。将被污染的家庭日用织品放入洗衣袋。不 要摇晃要洗的脏衣服,避免皮肤和衣服与污染 物直接接触。 • 清洁或处理被体液污染的表面、衣物或家庭日 用织品时,使用一次性手套和防护服(如塑料 围裙)。脱手套前后应采取手卫生措施。 • 有症状的人应待在家里,直到根据临床和/或实 验室结果断定其症状已经消失(至少间隔 24小 时进行的两次 RT-PCR测试的结果为阴性)。 • 所有家庭成员都应被视为接触者,其健康状况 应受到如下所述的监测。 • 如果家庭成员出现急性呼吸道感染症状,包括 发烧、咳嗽、喉咙痛和呼吸困难,请遵循以下 公共卫生建议。 提供家庭护理的卫生保健工作者应进行风险评估, 以选择合适的个人防护装备。 接触者管理 鉴于 2019-nCoV 人际传播的证据有限,应建议可能 接触过疑似 2019-nCoV 感染者的人(包括卫生保健工作 者)从可能发生接触的最后一天起监测自身健康状况 14 天,如果出现任何症状,特别是发烧、咳嗽或气短等呼 吸道症状或腹泻,应立即就医。 在观察期内,应与卫生保健提供者建立沟通联系。 卫生保健人员应通过电话以及,可行的话,最好是通过 定期(如每天)的面对面探视,参与审查接触者的健康 现状,必要时进行特定的诊断测试。 卫生保健提供者应提前告知接触者发病时应去哪里 就医,最合适的交通方式是什么,什么时候和从哪里进 入指定的医疗机构,以及应遵循什么感染控制预防措 施。 用手套、口罩、注射器和其他物品,以及在废物处置场进行清理时发 生其他危险。 5 大多数家用漂白溶液含有 5%次氯酸钠。 症状轻微的新型冠状病毒(nCoV)感染者的家庭护理和接触者管理 3 • 通知接收的医疗机构有症状的接触者将来到该机 构。 • 病人前去就医时应佩戴医用口罩。 • 可能的话避免搭乘公交前往医疗机构;叫救护车或 用私家车运送病人,可能的话打开车窗。 • 应建议生病的接触者始终采取呼吸卫生和手卫生措 施;在前往医疗机构的途中和在医疗机构时,尽可 能站在或坐在远离他人(至少 1米)的地方。 • 生病的接触者和看护者应采取适当的手卫生措施。 • 用含有稀释的漂白溶液 6(1份漂白剂兑 99份水)的 普通家用洗涤剂对运送病人过程中被呼吸道分泌物 或体液污染的任何表面进行清洁和消毒。 致谢 这一快速指导基于与世卫组织全球感染预防和控制 网络及其他国际专家协商制定的 MERS-CoV文件。世卫 组织对参与为 MERS-CoV编写和更新感染预防和控制文 件的人表示感谢。 参考文献 1. 《卫生保健中的预防和控制感染流行和大流行性急 性呼吸道疾病》。日内瓦:世界卫生组织;2014 年 ( WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6 ; https://www.who.int/csr/ bioriskreduction/infection_control/publication/en/ , 2020年 1月 14日访问)。 2. 世卫组织《卫生保健中手部卫生准则》。日内瓦: 世界卫生组织;2009 年(WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01; http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44102,2018年 6 月 13日访问)。 更多参考文献 《中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)RT-PCR 反应呈阳性的无症状患者的管理:临时指南》。日 内瓦:世界卫生组织;2018年(WHO/MERS/IPC/ 15.2 Rev.1;http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ coronavirus_infections/management_of_asymptomatic_ patients/en/,2018年 6月 13日访问)。 《怀疑中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)感 染时严重急性呼吸道感染的临床处理:临时指 南》。日内瓦:世界卫生组织;2015年(WHO/ MERS/Clinical/15.1;http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ coronavirus_infections case-management-ipc/en/ , 2018年 6月 14日访问)。 《中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)感染的 可能或确诊病例医治期间的感染预防和控制:临时 指南》:日内瓦:世界卫生组织;2015年 (WHO/MERS/ IPC/15.1; http://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/174652,2018年 6月 14日访问)。 《卫生保健中易流行和大流行的急性呼吸道感染的 感染预防和控制:世卫组织指南》。日内瓦:世界卫 生组织;2014年(http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/ 112656,2018年 6月 14日访问)。 Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, Jensen P, Li Y, Seto WH, editors. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings: WHO guidelines 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009(http:// apps. who.int/iris/handle/ 10665/44167,2018年 6月 14日访问)。 《中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒的实验室检测:临时指 南》(修订版)。日内瓦:世界卫生组织;2018年 (WHO/MERS/LAB/15.1/Rev1/2018; http://www. who.int/csr/ disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- laboratory-testing/en/,2018年 6月 14日访问)。 《人感染中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV) 病例调查:临时指南》。日内瓦:世界卫生组织; 2015年(WHO/MERS/SUR/15.2;http://www. who.int/csr/ disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- investigation-cases/en/,2018年 6月 14日访问)。 《人感染中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV) 监测:临时指南》。日内瓦:世界卫生组织;2015 年(WHO/MERS/SUR/15.1; http://www.who.int/csr/ disease/coronavirus_infections/surveillance-human- infection-mers/en/,2018年 6月 14日访问)。 Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, Al-Rabeeah AA, Stephens GM. Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(26):2487–94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718156). Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(24):ii (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23787161, 2018年 6月 13日访问)。 Hijawi B, Abdallat M, Sayaydeh A et al. Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(Suppl 1):S12–8 (http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/v19/ Supp1/EMHJ_2013_19_Supp1_S12_S18.pdf,2018年 6月 13日访问)。 Health Protection Agency (HPA) UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team. Evidence of person- 症状轻微的新型冠状病毒(nCoV)感染者的家庭护理和接触者管理 4 to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections, United Kingdom, February 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(11):20427 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23517868, 2018年 6月 13日访问)。 Guery B, Poissy J, el Mansouf L, Séjourné C, Ettahar N, Lemaire X et al. Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission. Lancet. 2013; 381(9885):2265–72 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60982-4. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, Price CS, Al Rabeeah AA, Cummings DA et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):407–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742. Omrani AS, Matin MA, Haddad Q, Al-Nakhli D, Memish ZA, Albarrak AM. A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case. Int J Infect Diseases. 2013;17(9):e668-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.001. Ki M. 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to- hospital transmission. Epidemiol Health. 2015;37: e2015033. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2015033. Drosten C, Meyer B, Müller MA, Corman VM, Al- Masri M, Hossain Ret al. Transmission of MERS- coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:828-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405858. 世卫组织 MERS-CoV摘要和文献更新- 2013-2017 年。(http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_ infections/archive_updates/en/)。 ISBN 978-92-4-000089-6 (electronic version) ISBN 978-92-4-000090-2 (print version) ©世界卫生组织 2020。 部分版权保留。作品署名-非商业性使用-相同方式共享的政府间组织 3.0 版本适用 于该作品 (CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)。

1 Уход на дому за пациентами с легкой формой заболевания, предположительно вызванного новым коронавирусом (nCoV), и тактика ведения контактных лиц Временное руководство 20 января 2020 г. Преамбула ВОЗ разработала эти краткие положения для восполнения потребности в рекомендациях по безопасному уходу на дому за пациентами с легкой формой заболевания, предположительно вызванного новым коронавирусом (2019-nCoV), а также по мерам общественного здравоохранения, касающимся тактики ведения контактных лиц без клинической симптоматики. Данный документ составлен на основе научно обоснованных руководящих положений, опубликованных ВОЗ, включая руководство «Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care: WHO interim guidance» (Профилактика инфекций и борьба с острыми респираторными инфекциями, способными вызывать эпидемии и пандемии, при оказании медико-санитарной помощи. Временное руководство ВОЗ) (1), а также с учетом имеющейся на сегодняшний день информации в отношении инфекции, вызванной коронавирусом 2019-nCoV. Он представляет собой адаптированную версию исходного руководства, посвященного вопросам инфицирования коронавирусом ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (БВРС-КоВ), которое было опубликовано в июне 2018 г. Настоящие краткие рекомендации предназначены для специалистов в области общественного здравоохранения, работников службы профилактики инфекций и инфекционного контроля (ПИИК), руководителей системы здравоохранения, а также медицинских работников. ВОЗ продолжает внимательно следить за эпидемиологической ситуацией в целях выявления любых новых данных, которые могут послужить основанием для пересмотра содержания этих кратких рекомендаций. Определение случая заболевания, вызванного новым коронавирусом 2019-nCoV, дано в документе, размещенном по адресу: https://www.who.int/ publications-detail/surveillance-case-definitions-for-human- infection-with-novel-coronavirus-(ncov). 1 Включая оказание помощи на дому. 2 Субфебрильная температура тела, кашель, недомогание, насморк или боль в горле без каких-либо тревожных симптомов, таких как одышка или затруднение дыхания, увеличение секреции дыхательных путей (т.е. отделение мокроты или кровохарканье), желудочно-кишечные симптомы, например тошнота, рвота и (или) Уход на дому за пациентами с легкой формой заболевания, предположительно вызванного коронавирусом 2019-nCoV С учетом того, что знания о заболевании, вызываемом коронавирусом 2019-nCoV, и о путях его передачи в настоящее время ограничены, ВОЗ рекомендует госпитализировать всех пациентов с подозрением на эту инфекцию, чтобы изолировать и наблюдать их в условиях стационара. Эта мера обеспечила бы безопасность и качество оказания медицинской помощи данным пациентам (при ухудшении их состояния), а также позволила бы защитить население от распространения инфекции. Однако по ряду различных причин, в том числе при невозможности или небезопасности госпитализации (например, при ограниченности возможностей и ресурсов медицинских учреждений, не позволяющей предоставлять медицинские услуги в необходимом объеме) или в случае осознанного отказа пациента от госпитализации следует рассмотреть возможность оказания медицинской помощи в альтернативных условиях1. В таких случаях пациентам со слабо выраженными симптомами2 и отсутствием сопутствующих хронических заболеваний, таких как болезни легких или сердца, почечная недостаточность или иммунодефицитные состояния, повышающих риск развития осложнений, может быть предложено лечение в домашних условиях. Тот же самый принцип оказания помощи на дому применяется и к пациентам с наличием симптоматики, которые больше не нуждаются в стационарном лечении. Такое решение следует принимать на основе тщательного анализа клинической ситуации и оценки домашних обстоятельств пациента с точки зрения безопасности его лечения в домашних условиях3. Медицинским работникам необходимо поддерживать связь с пациентом в течение всего периода оказания помощи на дому до его полного выздоровления. В задачу медицинского персонала должна входить оценка текущего состояния здоровья контактных лиц для своевременного выявления прогрессирования симптомов3, которая должна проводиться посредством телефонных звонков и, в идеале и при возможности, диарея, а также без изменений в психическом состоянии (таких как спутанность сознания, заторможенность). 3 Образец контрольного перечня вопросов представлен на стр. 53 публикации ВОЗ «Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory diseases in health care» (1). Уход на дому за пациентами с легкой формой заболевания, предположительно вызванного новым коронавирусом (nCoV), и тактика ведения контактных лиц 2 посредством личных посещений врача на регулярной основе (например, ежедневно) с выполнением, по мере необходимости, специфических диагностических тестов. Кроме того, пациентов и членов их семьи следует обучить правилам личной гигиены и основным мерам профилактики и контроля инфекций, проинформировать их о наиболее надежных способах уберечься от заражения при уходе за членом семьи с подозрением на данную инфекцию и о том, как предотвратить распространение инфекции среди лиц, проживающих вместе с заболевшим. Пациенту и его семье необходимо оказывать непрерывную поддержку, проводить с ними санитарно-просветительскую работу и постоянно наблюдать за их состоянием. Они должны строго придерживаться следующих рекомендаций: • Поместите пациента в отдельную, хорошо проветриваемую комнату. • Ограничьте количество лиц, ухаживающих за пациентом, в идеале выберите одного человека с крепким здоровьем, наименее подверженного повышенному риску тяжелого заболевания. Не пускайте к больному никаких посетителей. • Члены домохозяйства должны оставаться в другой комнате или, при отсутствии такой возможности, находиться на расстоянии не менее одного метра от заболевшего (например, спать на отдельной кровати)4. • Ограничьте передвижения пациента и постарайтесь свести к минимуму его пребывание в одном помещении с другими людьми. Следите за тем, чтобы общие помещения (например, кухня, ванная комната) хорошо проветривались (например, держите окна открытыми). • Ухаживающий за больным должен носить медицинскую маску, плотно прилегающую к лицу, всякий раз, когда он находится в одной комнате с заболевшим. Не следует прикасаться к маске или поправлять ее во время использования. Если маска промокла или загрязнилась выделениями, ее следует немедленно сменить. Использованную маску следует выбросить, а после удаления маски необходимо выполнить процедуры, обеспечивающие гигиену рук. • Принимайте меры, обеспечивающие гигиену рук (2), после любого контакта с заболевшим или с окружающими его предметами. Кроме того, необходимо мыть или обрабатывать руки до и после приготовления пищи, перед едой, после посещения туалета, и всякий раз, когда они выглядят грязными. Если на руках нет видимых следов загрязнения, то их можно протирать спиртосодержащими средствами для обработки рук. Если руки заметно загрязнены, их следует мыть водой с мылом. Прежде чем рекомендовать применение в домашнем хозяйстве спиртосодержащих средств для обработки 4 Для кормящей матери может быть сделано исключение. Учитывая преимущества грудного вскармливания и незначительную роль грудного молока в передаче других респираторных вирусов, мать может продолжать кормить ребенка грудью. При этом она должна носить медицинскую маску, когда находится рядом с ребенком, и тщательно соблюдать гигиену рук перед тесным контактом с младенцем. Кроме того, она должна выполнять и другие правила гигиены, описанные в этом документе. рук, следует принять меры в отношении проблем безопасности (таких как возможность случайного проглатывания или опасность пожара). • Для вытирания рук после мытья водой с мылом желательно использовать одноразовые бумажные полотенца. Если их нет в наличии, следует использовать специально выделенные полотенца из ткани и заменять их, как только они становятся влажными. • Все лица, но в первую очередь заболевшие, должны все время строго соблюдать правила респираторной гигиены. Соблюдение респираторной гигиены подразумевает необходимость прикрывать нос и рот при кашле или чихании медицинской маской, марлей, салфеткой или согнутой в локте рукой, а затем обязательно выполнять меры по обеспечению гигиены рук. • Использованные для прикрывания рта или носа материалы после применения следует выбрасывать или очищать соответствующим образом (например, стирать носовые платки в воде с помощью обычного мыла или моющих средств). • Избегайте прямого контакта с биологическими жидкостями больного, особенно с выделениями из ротовой полости или дыхательных путей, и с калом больного. При осуществлении ухода за полостью рта или дыхательными путями больного и при обращении с его калом, мочой и другими отходами используйте одноразовые перчатки. До и после снятия перчаток тщательно мойте или обрабатывайте руки. • Перчатки, салфетки, маски и другие отходные материалы, которые находились в контакте с больным или использовались при уходе за ним, до их утилизации вместе с другими бытовыми отходами следует помещать в пластиковый пакет, размещенный в мусорном контейнере, находящимся в комнате больного5. • Следует избегать и других типов контакта с заболевшим или с контаминированными предметами, которыми он пользуется (например, избегайте совместного пользования зубными щетками, сигаретами, столовыми приборами, посудой, чашками, полотенцами, мочалками или постельными принадлежностями). Столовые приборы и посуду каждый раз после использования следует мыть водой с мылом или моющим средством, и тогда их можно не выбрасывать, а использовать повторно. • Поверхности, к которым регулярно прикасается больной, такие как прикроватные тумбочки, спинки кровати и другие предметы мебели в комнате больного, необходимо ежедневно мыть и дезинфицировать с использованием обычных бытовых дезинфицирующих средств, содержащих 5 Страны могут предусмотреть принятие мер по обеспечению того, чтобы по мере возможности такие отходы поступали в места захоронения или переработки мусора, организованные с учетом санитарных норм, а не сбрасывались на открытые неконтролируемые свалки. Возможно, потребуется принять дополнительные меры в целях недопущения антисанитарной практики повторного использования перчаток, масок, шприцов и других предметов, а также для предотвращения других опасностей, которые могут возникнуть в результате сбора мусора в местах удаления отходов. Уход на дому за пациентами с легкой формой заболевания, предположительно вызванного новым коронавирусом (nCoV), и тактика ведения контактных лиц 3 разведенный раствор хлорной извести6 (1 часть хлорной извести на 99 частей воды). • Не реже одного раза в день следует мыть и дезинфицировать поверхности ванны и туалета с использованием обычных бытовых дезинфицирующих средств, содержащих разведенный раствор хлорной извести6 (1 часть хлорной извести на 99 частей воды). • Одежду, постельные принадлежности, полотенца для душа и для рук и т.д., которыми пользуется больной, следует стирать вручную с обычным хозяйственным мылом или в стиральной машине с обычным стиральным гелем или порошком при температуре 60–90 C, а затем тщательно просушивать. Грязное белье больного следует складывать в мешок для стирки. Его не следует встряхивать, при этом необходимо также избегать прямого контакта кожи или одежды с контаминированными материалами. • Очистку и обработку поверхностей, одежды или постельного белья, загрязненных жидкими выделениями больного, следует производить только в одноразовых перчатках и с использованием защитной одежды (например, пластиковых фартуков). До и после снятия перчаток принимайте меры по обеспечению гигиены рук. • При наличии клинической симптоматики заболевания больной должен оставаться дома до исчезновения симптомов, при этом соответствующее решение принимают на основании клинических признаков и (или) данных лабораторных исследований (получение двух подряд отрицательных результатов ОТ-ПЦР тестирования с интервалом не менее 24 часов). • Все проживающие в доме, где находился больной, должны рассматриваться как контактные лица и за состоянием их здоровья следует наблюдать согласно описанной ниже процедуре. • Если у лица, контактировавшего с больным в домашних условиях, развиваются симптомы острой респираторной инфекции, включая повышение температуры тела, кашель, боль в горле и затруднение дыхания, следуйте нижеприведенным рекомендациям в области общественного здравоохранения. Медицинские работники, оказывающие помощь на дому, должны провести оценку риска, чтобы выбрать надлежащие средства индивидуальной защиты (СИЗ). Тактика ведения контактных лиц Ввиду того, что фактические данные в отношении передачи коронавируса 2019-nCoV от человека к человеку ограничены, всем лицам (включая медицинских работников), которые могли контактировать с больными с предполагаемым инфицированием коронавирусом 2019-nCoV, следует рекомендовать контролировать состояние своего здоровья в течение 14 дней с момента последнего возможного контакта и немедленно обратиться к врачу, как только у них появятся какие-либо симптомы, 6 Обычно бытовые отбеливающие растворы содержат 5% гипохлорита натрия. особенно повышение температуры тела, респираторные симптомы, такие как кашель или одышка, или диарея. Медицинским работникам необходимо поддерживать связь с лицом, находившимся в контакте, в течение всего периода наблюдения. В задачу медицинского персонала должна входить оценка текущего состояния здоровья контактных лиц посредством телефонных звонков и, в идеале и при возможности, посредством личных посещений врача на регулярной основе (например, ежедневно) с выполнением, по мере необходимости, специфических диагностических тестов. Медицинский работник должен заранее дать инструкции о том, куда обратиться за помощью в случае заболевания контактного лица, на каком виде транспорта и когда необходимо прибыть в назначенное медицинское учреждение, где оформиться на госпитализацию, а также какие меры предосторожности следует применять. • Необходимо уведомить принимающее медицинское учреждение о том, что к ним должен прибыть человек, находившийся в контакте с больным. • Во время поездки в медицинское учреждение на заболевшем должна быть медицинская маска. • При перемещении заболевшего следует по возможности избегать пользоваться общественным транспортом; вызовите скорую помощь или перевезите больного на личном автомобиле, открыв окна автомобиля, если это возможно. • Контактному лицу, у которого появились признаки заболевания, следует рекомендовать всегда соблюдать правила респираторной гигиены и гигиены рук; в том числе стоять или сидеть как можно дальше от других людей (не ближе, чем в одном метре), как в транспорте, так и в медицинском учреждении. • Как заболевшему, так и лицам, осуществляющим уход, следует также применять надлежащие меры гигиены рук. • Все поверхности, на которые во время транспортировки могли попасть выделения из дыхательных путей или биологические жидкости пациента, следует вымыть с применением обычных бытовых дезинфицирующих средств, содержащих разведенный раствор хлорной извести6 (1 часть хлорной извести на 99 частей воды). Выражение признательности Настоящее краткое руководство составлено на основе методического пособия по проблеме инфицирования БВРС-КоВ, разработанного с учетом консультаций с Глобальной сетью ВОЗ по профилактике инфекций и инфекционному контролю и с другими международными экспертами. ВОЗ благодарит всех специалистов, принимавших участие в разработке и обновлении документов по мерам ПИИК в отношении БВРС-КоВ. Уход на дому за пациентами с легкой формой заболевания, предположительно вызванного новым коронавирусом (nCoV), и тактика ведения контактных лиц 4 Литература 1. «Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6; https://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/infection_control/pu blication/en/, по состоянию на 14 января 2020 г.). 2. Руководство ВОЗ по гигиене рук в здравоохранении. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2009 г. (WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01; http://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/44102, по состоянию на 13 июня 2018 г.). Дополнительная литература Ведение бессимптомных пациентов с положительным результатом ОТ-ПЦР тестирования на коронавирус ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (БВРС-КоВ). Временные рекомендации. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2018 г. (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.2 Rev.1; https://www.who.int/csr/ disease/coronavirus_infections/management_of_asymptomati c_patients/ru/, по состоянию на 13 июня 2018 г.). Клиническое руководство по ведению пациентов с тяжелыми острыми респираторными инфекциями при подозрении на инфицирование коронавирусом ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (БВРС- КоВ). Временные рекомендации. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2015 г. (WHO/MERS/Clinical/15.1; https://www.who.int/ csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/case-management-ipc/ru/, по состоянию на 14 июня 2018 г.). Профилактика инфекций и борьба с ними во время оказания медицинской помощи при вероятных или подтвержденных случаях инфицирования коронавирусом ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (БВРС-КоВ). Временное руководство. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2015 г. (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.1; http://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/174652, по состоянию на 14 июня 2018 г.). «Infection prevention and control of epidemic- and pandemic-prone acute respiratory infections in health care. WHO guidelines. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014 (http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112656, по состоянию на 14 июня 2018 г.). Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, Jensen P, Li Y, Seto WH, editors. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings: WHO guidelines 2009. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009 (http://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/44167, по состоянию на 14 июня 2018 г.). Лабораторное тестирование на коронавирус ближневосточного респираторного синдрома. Временные рекомендации (обновленная версия). Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2018 г. (WHO/MERS/LAB/15.1/Rev1/2018; https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- laboratory-testing/ru/, по состоянию на 14 июня 2018 г.). Investigation of cases of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): interim guidance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.2; http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/mers- investigation-cases/en/, по состоянию на 14 июня 2018 г.). Проведение эпиднадзора за инфекцией человека, обусловленной коронавирусом ближневосточного респираторного синдрома (БВРС-КоВ). Временные рекомендации. Женева: Всемирная организация здравоохранения; 2015 г. (WHO/MERS/SUR/15.1; https://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/survei llance-human-infection-mers/ru/, по состоянию на 14 июня 2018 г.). Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, Al-Rabeeah AA, Stephens GM. Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(26):2487–94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1303729. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23718156). Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, van der Werf S, Lina B, Caro V et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(24):ii (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/237871 61, по состоянию на 13 июня 2018 г.). Hijawi B, Abdallat M, Sayaydeh A et al. Novel coronavirus infections in Jordan, April 2012: epidemiological findings from a retrospective investigation. East Mediterr Health J. 2013;19(Suppl 1):S12–8 (http://applications.emro.who.int/ emhj/v19/Supp1/EMHJ_2013_19_Supp1_S12_S18.pdf, по состоянию на 13 июня 2018 г.). Health Protection Agency (HPA) UK Novel Coronavirus Investigation Team. Evidence of person-to-person transmission within a family cluster of novel coronavirus infections, United Kingdom, February 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18(11):20427 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/23517868, по состоянию на 13 июня 2018 г.). Guery B, Poissy J, el Mansouf L, Séjourné C, Ettahar N, Lemaire X et al. Clinical features and viral diagnosis of two cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a report of nosocomial transmission. Lancet. 2013; 381(9885):2265–72 doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(13)60982-4. Assiri A, McGeer A, Perl TM, Price CS, Al Rabeeah AA, Cummings DA et al. Hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(5):407–16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1306742. Omrani AS, Matin MA, Haddad Q, Al-Nakhli D, Memish ZA, Albarrak AM. A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case. Int J Infect Diseases. 2013;17(9):e668-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2013.07.001. Ki M. 2015 MERS outbreak in Korea: hospital-to-hospital transmission. Epidemiol Health. 2015;37: e2015033. doi: 10.4178/epih/e2015033. Drosten C, Meyer B, Müller MA, Corman VM, Al-Masri M, Hossain Ret al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:828-35. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1405858. Уход на дому за пациентами с легкой формой заболевания, предположительно вызванного новым коронавирусом (nCoV), и тактика ведения контактных лиц 5 WHO MERS-CoV summary and literature updates – 2013-2017. (http://www.who.int/csr/disease/coronavirus_ infections/archive_updates/en/). ISBN 978-92-4-000115-2 (Версия онлайн) ISBN 978-92-4-000116-9 (Версия для печати) © Всемирная организация здравоохранения, 2020. Некоторые права защищены. Данная работа распространяется на условиях лицензии CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO

فيروس بعدوى إصابتهم في المشتبه للمرضى المنزلية الرعاية خدمات تقديم علاجيا مخالطيهم حالات وتدبير بعدواه للإصابة خفيفة أعراضا يبدون مّمن المستجد كورونا مؤقتة إرشادات 0202 يناير /الثاني كانون 02 الديباجة الرعاية تقديم بشأن توصيات إلى للحاجة تلبية بسرعة الاستشارية المذكرة هذه )المنظمة( العالمية الصحة منظمة أعدت خفيفة أعراضا يبدون مّمن 9102-VoCn المستجد كورونا فيروس بعدوى إصابتهم في المشتبه للمرضى الآمنة المنزلية يبدون لا مّمن مخالطيهم لحالات العلاجي التدبير بشأن العمومية الصحة مجال في تدابير واتخاذ بعدواه، للإصابة .بها الإصابة أعراض نظمةالم عن الصادرة المؤقتة الإرشادات فيها بما المنظمة، نشرتها بالبينات مسندة توجيهية بمبادئ الوثيقة هذه وتسترشد ،)1( الصحية الرعاية مرافق في جوائح تسبب قد التي الحادة التنفسية والأمراض - الأوبئة عدوى من الوقاية بشأن .9102-VoCn المستجد كورونا فيروس عدوى بشأن حاليا المتوفرة المعلومات إلى وترتكز والتي التنفسية، الأوسط الشرق لمتلازمة بالمسب كورونا فيروس تتناول التي الأصلية النسخة من مقتبسة الوثيقة وهذه .8102 يونيو /حزيران في نشرت ومكافحتها الأمراض عدوى من والوقاية العمومية الصحة بشؤون المعنيين المهنيين إلى بسرعة المعّدة المشورة هذه وُتسدى الحصول أجل من للوضع ارصده عرى توثيق المنظمة وتواصل .فيها والعاملين الصحية الرعاية مرافق مديري وا لى .بسرعة المعّدة الاستشارية المذكرة هذه محتويات استعراض تستدعي قد جديدة بيانات أية على :9102-VoCn المستجد كورونا بفيروس الإصابة حالة تعريف على للاطلاع التالية الوثيقة إلى الرجوع وُيرجى snoitacilbup/tni.ohw.www//:sptth-ecnallievrus/liated-esac-snoitinifed-rof-namuh-noitcefni-htiw-levon-surivanoroc- )vocn( مّمن المستجد كورونا فيروس بعدوى بتهمإصا في المشتبه للمرضى المنزلية الرعاية خدمات تقديم بعدواه للإصابة خفيفة أعراضا يبدون المستشفيات بإحدى ورصدها 9102-VoCn المستجد كورونا بفيروس إصابتها في الُمشتبه الحالات بعزل المنظمة توصي من الذي الأمر نتقاله،ا وأنماط الفيروس هذا عدوى عن الناجم المرض عن حاليا المتاحة المعارف محدودية ضوء في وكذلك )المرضى يبديها التي الأعراض تفاقمت ما إذا( سواء حد على وجودتها الصحية الرعاية مأمونية يكفل أن شأنه .العمومية الصحة أمن المحتملة الأسباب من العديد وجود إلى نظرا الصحية الرعاية خدمات لتقديم بديلة 1أماكن إتاحة في النظر يلزم قد ولكن تلك فيها تكون أو بالمستشفى الراقدين للمرضى الرعاية خدمات فيها تتاح لا التي الحالات ومنها ذلك، إلى الداعية .الأماكن هذه من هو المنزل 1 أو ،)الصحية الرعاية خدمات على طلبال تلبية على القدرة وتعذر والموارد القدرات محدودية أي( مأمونة غير الخدمات .المستشفى إلى المريض لإدخال علم عن رفض إبداء حالة في غير من 2خفيفة أعراضا يبدون الذين للمرضى المنزل في ُتقدم قد الرعاية خدمات فإن الأسباب، تلك وجدت ما وا ذا مناعتهم تنقص مرضية حالات أو كلوي ال الفشل أو القلب أو الرئة أمراض مثل رئيسية مزمنة بأمراض المصابين المرضى على المنزل في الرعاية لتقديم نفسه المبدأ وينطبق .جرائها من بمضاعفات الإصابة لخطورة بشدة وتعرضهم سريري حكم إصدار القرار هذا لاتخاذ ويلزم .المستشفى دخول إلى حاجة في عادوا ما مّمن بأعراض حالتهم المصحوبة .المريض منزل بيئة مأمونية مدى بتقييم اتخاذه في سترشدي ُ أن ولابد دقيق للمريض المنزلية الرعاية خدمات تقديم مدة طوال الصحية الرعاية خدمات مقدمي بأحد تواصل صلة إقامة وينبغي فللوقو حاليا الصحي المريض وضع استعراض في الصحية الرعاية موظفي إشراك من ولابد .تماما للشفاء يتماثل حتى القيام على المواظبة أمكن، إن المفضل ومن بالهاتف، الاتصال طريق عن وذلك مخالطيه، 3أعراض تطور مدى على .اللزوم حسب التشخيص، اختبارات بعض وا جراء لوجه وجها )مثلا يومية( بزيارت الشخصية الصحية النظافة راعاةبم المتعلقة الأساسية التدابير بشأن أسرهم وأفراد المرضى تثقيف ينبغي ذلك، إلى وا ضافة بأقصى مأمونة رعاية الأسرة أفراد من بعدواه إصابتهم في المشتبه رعاية وبكيفية ومكافحتها المرض عدوى من والوقاية بخدمات وأسرته المريض تزويد من ولابد .الأسرة أفراد من المخالطين صفوف بين العدوى انتشار من والوقاية ممكن، قدر .بها الالتزام لهم ينبغي توصيات أدناه وترد .والرصد والتثقيف الدعم من كل مجالات في منقطعة غير .لوحده التهوية جيدة غرفة في المريض وضع • يعاني ولا جيدة بصحة يتمتع واحد شخص لرعايته ُيعين أن وُيفضل المريض، رعاية على القائمين عدد تحديد • .المريض رةبزيا ُيسمح وألا خطيرة، صحية حالات من بعيدا البقاء على ذلك، تعذر إذا يحرصوا، وأن غرفته، غير أخرى غرفة في المريض أسرة أفراد يقيم أن ينبغي • .4)منفصلة أسرة على مثلا يناموا كأن( واحد متر عن تقل لا مسافة عنه مثل( المساحات كتل تهوية وضمان حد، أدنى إلى معه المتقاسمة المساحات وتضييق المريض حركة تقليل • ).مفتوحة نوافذها إبقاء مثل( جيدة تهوية )والحمام المطبخ مع نفسها بالغرفة تواجده عند وجهه على التثبيت محكم طبيا قناعا الرعاية خدمات مقدم يرتدي أن ينبغي • اتسخ أو ابتل ما إذا فورا القناع ُيغير أن ويجب .استعماله أثناء ُيناول أو القناع هذا ُيلمس ألا وينبغي المريض، .الصحية اليدين نظافة صون على نزعه بعد ُيحرص وأن استعماله عقب منه ُيتخلص وأن بالإفرازات، .مباشرة بيئتهم ملامسة أو الملامسة، شكل كان مهما المرضى ملامسة عقب )2( الصحية اليدين نظافة صون • بدت وكلما المرحاض استعمال وبعد تناوله وقبل إعداده وبعد طعامال إعداد قبل الصحية اليدين نظافة صون ينبغي كما أية دون من الحلق والتهاب الأنف وسيلان بالضيق والشعور وبالسعال الدرجة متدنية أنها على ُتصنف بحمى الإصابة 2 مثل والأمعاء، المعدة اعتلال وأعراض ،)الدم نفث أو البلغم خروج مثل( وزيادته صعوبته أو التنفس ضيق مثل تحذيرية، علامات ).والخمول الارتباك أي( العقلية الفرد حالة على تغيرات تطرأ أن دون ومن الإسهال، أو /و التقيؤ أو /و الغثيان التنفسية الأمراض من ومكافحتها لعدوى ا من الوقاية :المعنون المنشور من 35 الصفحة في ترد مرجعية عينات قائمة ثمة 3 ).1( الصحية الرعاية في والجائحة للوباء المعرضة الحادة طبيعيا لأطفالهن إرضاعهن يواصلن أن يمكن اللاتي المرضعات بالأمهات المتعلقة كتلك الاستثنائية الحالات مراعاة يجوز 4 تصيب أخرى فيروسات نقل في حليبهن يؤديه الذي الأهمية لضئيلا والدور الطبيعية الرضاعة من المجنية الفوائد ضوء في الصحية يديها بنظافة العناية على وتواظب رضيعها بقرب تكون عندما طبيا قناعا المرضع الأم ترتدي أن وينبغي .التنفسي الجهاز .الوثيقة هذه في ذكرها الوارد صحيةال التدابير سائر تطبق أن أيضا عليها لزاما وسيكون .حميمة مخالطة له مخالطتها قبل متسختان، أنهما على للعيان تبدوان لم إن لفركهما أساسا الكحول قوامها مادة استعمال يمكن واللتان متسختان، اليدان المتعلقة المخاوف ديدوتب .الصحية لنظافتهما صونا كذلك أنهما على للعيان تبدوان عندما والماء بالصابون وغسلهما )الحرائق في تسببها ومخاطر الأساسي قوامها الكحول يؤلف التي اليدين فرك لمواد العرضي الابتلاع مثل( بالسلامة .المنزل في باستعمالها التوصية قبل .يناليد لتجفيف منها التخلص يمكن ورقية مناشف ُتوفر أن اليدين لغسل والماء الصابون استعمال عند ُيفضل • .تبتل عندما بأخرى ُتستبدل وأن الغرض لهذا مخصصة القماش من مناشف ُتستعمل أن فيتعين تتوفر، لم وا ن ويشير .المرضى وخاصة الأوقات، بجميع التنفسي للجهاز الصحية النظافة صون على الجميع حرص من لابد • طبية أقنعة باستعمال العطاس أو السعال ثناءأ والأنف الفم تغطية إلى التنفسي للجهاز الصحية النظافة صون تعبير .الصحية اليدين نظافة صون ثم ومن الكوع بطي أو الورقية المناديل أو القماش من أخرى أو المناديل غسل مثل( استعمالها عقب ينبغي كما تنظيفها أو الأنف أو الفم لتغطية المستعملة المواد من التخلص • ).والماء لمنظفاتا أو العادي الصابون باستعمال يمكن قفازات واستعمال .والبراز التنفسي الجهاز أو الفم إفرازات وخصوصا مباشرة، الجسم سوائل ملامسة تجنب • نظافة وصون .والنفايات والبول البراز مناولة وعند التنفسي الجهاز أو الفم رعاية بخدمات المريض لتزويد منها التخلص .نزعها وبعد القفازات ارتداء قبل الصحية اليدين تخلفها التي تلك أو المريض يخلفها التي الأخرى والنفايات والأقنعة الورقية والمناديل القفازات وضع من لابد • 5.بالمنزل الأسرة نفايات سائر مع منها التخلص قبل بغرفته مبطنة حاوية في رعايته تجنب قبيل من( مباشرة بيئتهم في الملوثة دواتالأ أو للمرضى المحتمل التعرض من الأخرى الأشكال تجنب • أو المشروبات أو الأطباق أو الطعام تناول أدوات أو السجائر تدخين في أو الأسنان فرشاة استعمال في معه التشارك أو بالصابون والأطباق الطعام تناول أدوات تنظيف وينبغي ).الأسرة فرش بياضات أو الحمام مناشف أو المناشف .منها التخلص عن عوضا استعمالها إعادة وبالإمكان استعمالها، بعد والماء المنظفات الأسرة وأطر الأسرة بجوار الموضوعة الطاولات مثل يوميا ، وتطهيرها لمسها يتكرر التي السطوح تنظيف • جزء بواقع( ففمخ 6مبيض محلول على يحتوي عادي منزلي مطهر باستعمال وذلك النوم، غرفة أثاث من وغيرها ).الماء من جزءا 99 لكل واحد مبيض يحتوي عادي منزلي مطهر باستعمال يوميا الأقل على واحدة مرة وتطهيرها والمرحاض الحمام سطوح تنظيف • ).الماء من جزءا 99 لكل واحد مبيض جزء بواقع( مخفف مبيض محلول على العادي الغسيل صابون باستعمال ذلك إلى وما واليدين مالحما ومناشف السرير وأغطية المريض ملابس تنظيف • مئوية درجة 09و 06 بين تتراوح درجة على فيها الغسيل حرارة درجة ضبط بعد الملابس غسالة بواسطة أو والماء سكي في الملوثة السرير فرش بياضات ُتوضع أن ويتعين .جيدا تجفيفها ثم ومن الشائعة، المنزلية المنظفات باستعمال .مباشرة والملابس للجلد الملوثة المواد ملامسة تجنب على ُيحرص وأن المتسخة الملابس ُترج وألا الغسيل، غير لها مفتوح آخر في وليس للنفايات، صحي مكب في النفايات من التخلص تكفل تدابير اتخاذ في البلدان تنظر قد 5 الأدوات من وغيرها والمحاقن والأقنعة القفازات استعمال إعادة لمنع أخرى تدابير اتخاذ يلزم وقد .أمكن حيثما للرصد، خاضع .النفايات من التخلص مواقع كسح جراء من تقع التي الأخرى المخاطر ولدرء صحية، غير بطريقة .الصوديوم هيبوكلوريت مادة من ٪5 نسبة على المنزلية التبييض محاليل معظم تحتوي 6 الملابس أو السطوح تنظيف عند )البلاستيكية الفوط مثل( منها التخلص يمكن واقية وملابس قفازات استعمال • القفازات ارتداء قبل الصحية اليدين نظافة وصون ا،مناولته عند أو الجسم، بسوائل المتسخة السرير فرش بياضات أو .نزعها وبعد أو /و سريرية نتائج على بناء أعراضه تزول أن إلى المنزل في المرض بأعراض المصابون يمكث أن ينبغي • تفاعل اختبارات من الأقل على ساعة 42 غضون في حدة على منهما واحد كل ُيجرى اختبارين من مستمدة( مختبرية )للعدوى حامل غير المريض أن ويثبتان المتسلسل، العكسي التنسخي البوليميراز على الصحي وضعهم رصد من ولابد المريض، مخالطي من أنهم على الأسرة أفراد جميع إلى ُينظر أن ينغي • .أدناه الموضح النحو الحلق والتهاب والسعال الحمى فيها بما حادة، تنفسية بعدوى الإصابة أعراض الأسرة أفراد أحد أبدى إذا • .العمومية الصحة مجال في أدناه الواردة التوصيات اتباع فيتعين التنفس، وصعوبة يناسبهم ما اختيار أجل من للمخاطر تقييما المنزلية الرعاية خدمات مقدمي من الصحية الرعاية عاملو يجري أن وينبغي .الشخصية الوقاية معدات من المخالطين لحالات العلاجي التدبير آخر، إلى إنسان من 9102-VoCn المستجد كورونا فيروس عدوى انتقال تثبت التي البينات محدودية ضوء في ينبغي الفيروس بعدوى إصابتهم في ُيشتبه لأفراد يتعرضون قد مّمن )الصحية الرعاية عاملو فيهم بمن( الأشخاص ُينصح أن يسعوا وأن الأفراد، أولئك فيه خالطوا قد يكونوا أن ُيحتمل يوم آخر من ارا اعتب يوما 41 لمدة الصحي وضعهم برصد أو الحمى، منها وخصوصا بالمرض، للإصابة أعراض أية عليهم بدت ما إذا طبية رعاية على الحصول إلى فورا .الإسهال أو التنفس ضيق أو السعال مثل تنفسية بعدوى الإصابة أعراض يشارك أن وينبغي .للملاحظة الخضوع فترة طوال الصحية الرعاية خدمات مقدمي بأحد صلتوا صلة إقامة من ولابد إن المفضل ومن بالهاتف، الاتصال طريق عن حاليا الصحي المخالطين وضع استعراض في الصحية الرعاية موظفو .اللزوم حسب التشخيص، اختبارات بعض وا جراء لوجه وجها )مثلا يومية( بزيارت القيام على يواظبوا أن أمكن، إلى فيها يسعى التي الأماكن بشأن مسبقة بإرشادات المريض مخالط الصحية الرعاية خدمات مقدم يزود أن وينبغي مرفق إلى دخوله وزمان لنقله، الأنسب الوسيلة ماهية وبشأن ما، باعتلال إصابته عند الرعاية خدمات على الحصول عدوى لمكافحة يتبعها أن ينبغي التي الاحتياطات ماهية وبشأن إليه، دخوله كانوم للعلاج المخصص الصحية الرعاية .المرض المرفق سيراجع المرض بأعراض مصابا مخالطا بأن للمرضى المستقبل الطبي المرفق إخطار • .الرعاية على الحصول إلى سعيا انتقاله أثناء طبيا قناعا المعتل الشخص يرتدي أن ينبغي • إسعاف سيارة واستدعاء أمكن؛ إن الصحية، الرعاية مرفق إلى الذهاب أثناء العام النقل وسائط استخدام تجنب • .الُمستطاع عند نوافذها، وفتح خاصة بمركبة المعتل الشخص نقل أو يقف وأن واليدين؛ التنفسي الجهاز من لكل الصحية النظافة دوما يصون بأن المعتل الشخص ُينصح أن ينبغي • الرعاية مرفق إلى نقله أثناء سواء ،)عنهم واحد متر عن تقل لا بمسافة( الإمكان قدر الآخرين عن بعيدا يجلس وأ .له مراجعته أم الصحية .الصحية اليدين نظافة صون مجال في مناسبة تدابير الرعاية خدمات ومقدم المعتل المخالط يتبع أن لابد • • يغبني نأ فظنت عيمج حوطسلا ةثولملا تازارفإب زاهجلا يسفنتلا صخشلل لتعملا وأ لئاوس همسج ءانثأ ،هلقن نأو رهطت لامعتساب رهطم يلزنم يداع يوتحي ىلع لولحم ضيبم ففخم6 (عقاوب ءزج ضيبم دحاو لكل 99 اءزج نم ءاملا.) تايآ ركش ريدقتو دنتست هذه تاداشرلإا ةّدعملا ةعرسب ىلإ ةقيثو نع سوريف انوروك لاببسم ةمزلاتمل قرشلا طسولأا ةيسفنتلا تّدعأ رواشتلاب عم ةكبشلا ةيملاعلا ةعباتلا ةمظنملل ةينعملاو ةياقولاب نم ىودع ضارملأا اهتحفاكمو عمو ءاربخ نييلود نيرخآ. برعتو ةمظنملا نع اهركش نمل اوكراش يف دادعإ قئاثولا ةقلعتملا ةياقولاب نم ىودع سوريف انوروك ببسملا لاتملةمز قرشلا طسولأا ةيسفنتلا ،اهتحفاكمو يفو ثيدحت كلت قئاثولا. عجارملا 1- ةياقولا نم ىودعلا اهتحفاكمو ءانثأ ةياعرلا ةيحصلا تلااحل ةباصلإا ةلمتحملا وأ ةدكؤملا ىودعب سوريف انوروك ببسملا ةمزلاتمل قرشلا طسولأا ةيسفنتلا. فينج: ةمظنم ةحصلا ؛ةيملاعلا 2014 (WHO/CDS/EPR/2007.6؛https://www.who.int/csr/bioriskreduction/infection_control/publication/en/ ، مت علاطلاا يف 14 نوناك يناثلا/ رياني 2020) 2- ئدابم ةيهيجوت ةرداص نع ةمظنملا نأشب ةفاظن نيديلا ةيحصلا قفارمب ةياعرلا ةيحصلا. فينج: ةمظنم ةحصلا ؛ةيملاعلا 2014 (WHO/IER/PSP/2009/01؛ http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44102، مت علاطلاا يف 13 ناريزح/ وينوي 2018) عجارم ىرخأ respiratory East Middle for positive PCR-RT are who persons asymptomatic of Management 2018 Organization; Health World Geneva: guidance. interim CoV):-(MERS coronavirus syndrome Rev.1; (WHO/MERS/IPC/15.2 ,t/csr/disease/coronavirus_infections/management_of_asymptomatic_patients/en/http://www.who.in 2018). 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