Piperidine derivatives

76 H. ISBELL & T. L. CHRUSCIEL 288. Soria, J. (1967) Act. luso-esp. Neurol., 26, 32-45 (Sobre la anfetamina en psiquiatria) 289. Takacs, L. (1965) Orv. Hetil., 106, 1611-1613 (Gracidin intoxication-Pondex psychosis) 290. Teracka, A. (1967)Psychiat. Neurol.jap.,69,597-619 (Prognostic and criminological studies on the mental disorder caused by the chronic meth- amphetamine intoxication) 291. Tolentino, I. & D'Avossa, B. (1957) Arch. Psicol. Neurol. Psichiat., 18, 127-168 (Psychotic reactions and psychosis due to phenylisopropylamine and sympatho-mimetic drugs-amphetamine group) 292. Utena, H. (1966) Progr. Brain Res., 21B, 192-207 (Behavioural aberrations in methamphetamine- intoxicated animals and chemical correlates in the brain) 293. Vencovsky, E. & Nevole, S. (1965) Cs. Psychiat., 61, 411-414 (The problem of phenmetrazine addiction) 294. Masaki, T. (1956) The amphetamine problem in Japan. In: Wld Hlth Org. techn. Rep. Ser., No. 102, Geneva, pp. 14-21 295. Wilson, C. W. M. (1968) Adolescent drug dependence, Pergamon Press, Oxford PIPERIDINE DERIVATIVES Methylphenidate (S 195; Table XIV) is marketed as an antidepressant drug. It has limited usefulness in the treatment of narcolepsy. For many years cases of abuse were rare but recently abuse of methylphenidate has occurred in the USA, 297-299 the United Kingdom and Sweden.244 When methylphenidate is taken intravenously in a high dose, it produces a clinical picture quite similar or identical to that caused by intravenous use of meth- amphetamine or phenmetrazine. Accordingly, it must be regarded as having high dependence liability coupled with limited proven therapeutic usefulness. A few cases ofabuse ofpipradrol (S 196) occurred 244 a number of years ago, but in recent years no new cases have been reported. Thus it is difficult to rate the dependence potential ofpipradrol but it must be judged, pending additional information, as being definite if somewhat less than that of methylpheni- date. REFERENCES 296. Ditman, K. S. et al. (1969) Psychopharmacologia (Ber.), 14, 1-11 (Dimensions of the LSD, methylphenidate and chlordiazepoxide experi- ences) 297. McCormick, T. C. & McNeel, T. W. (1963) Texas State J. Med., 59, 99 (Acute psychosis and Ritalin abuse) 298. Pollack, B. (1964) Amer. J. Psychiat., 121, 189 (Report of an unusually large dosage of methyl- phenidate hydrochloride) 299. Rioux, B. (1969) Dis. nerv. Syst., 21, 346-349 (Is Ritalin an addiction-producing drug?) 0)04COC6 -0 04 04 co cc .0 4-o. 3c 0. 0 .-0 -J I -J cc 0 ascc Cn W LA C 0 E U c o~~~~~~~~~~~~0.cL .22 aoea C a) 0, 7* C. U°0) .2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~( coca4- cc cc o co o° .°-. .°cc o_ < o z 0wo L X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ E 0 0 0 E Eo 0 o ° o zC z.E ZC C. C. 0 0 0 2 E 0. 0- 02 zC z.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ez.E cc cc~~~~O-c 0 c cccc ccc0~c~ cccc ccccoCccocc ~~~~~~0:C<c- c) .' .= OE .C5.0. I 0 (N I I,, -U :2cc 1- .0 c0 a _ U D' O -S, S la E c cDo .S= ,~_ 0 .- E cc cc .C C 0)SQc .0 ._ c_ C- .0to ) cc -~c w S. WQ zD o E Un U- ccto a. 0\ /O-U \ZI 2 - 77- 0 c cc o c U,n LU > z 0. a. o 0 Cc 00 0 °c_o E (D c o ° U - C .C 2 - a- -Q > D , cc a. cc U' Q~ a-0 cc EU 0z- cc . coO 0cc CZ E.-O.- . .00 SE 0. o 2 Q W.0 c.) nU Ec--'- a0 co ax at1 o CZ0 co _.C 0.0. O0n CZU c O XE-a C> co czCL 0 CD cc._ -o U . cc cc@ =ccacc .C C I 0o c o- 0S G.z cc 3 .0z 0cC C o E onc 0gE ._ t c... cc CL e.=_X,c -C o0 c -aoo Ccc-Co cc.SoQ . .-0 0 C D' z g l 0 co E 0 >, .' E oE z .02E Cc ct WcC 1to2 0.c0E U0 0 6 z cn z -J U,<U F- Un (, W D 0 Qo LU z -j x W -j co C a) E ._ .0 0. Q04 cc C ._ 02 ._