ICP/TRM/005
31 July 1984
ENGLISH ONLY
REPORT ;REGIONAL CONSULTATION MEETING ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF ACUPUNCTURE NOMENCLATURE
Convened by the
REGIONAL OFFICE FOR THE WESTERN PACIFIC OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Tokyo, Japan, 28-31 May 1984
Not for sale Printed and Distributed by the
Regional Office for the Western Pacific of the World Health Organization Manila, Philippines July 1984
NOTE The views expressed in this report are those of the participants in the meeting and do not necessarily reflect the policies of the Organization.
This report has been prepared by the Regional Office for the Western Pacific of the World Health Organization for the governments of Member States in the Region and for the participants in the Regional Consultation Meeting on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature which ",as held in Tokyo, Japan, from 28 to 31 May 1984.
CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION .••....•...............•••••.............. AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE CONSULTATION MEETING ....... . 2.1 2.2 Aim ..................................................................................... Objectives ..........................................................................
1 1
2.
1 1
3.
PROCEEDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Opening session . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . • . Country / area reports .......•....••••............ Standardization of acupuncture nomenclature of extraordinary points (WPR/TRM/84.6) .......... Standardization of acupuncture nomenclature of the scalp points (WPR/TRM/84.10) .........•... Standardization of acupuncture nomenclature of the auricular points (WPR/TRM/84.11) ....•.... Explanation of acupuncture point names and meridians . • • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . • . . . • . • . • . . . Basic lines for the location of meridians and acupuncture points (WPR/TRM/84.l3) ..........
2
2 2
3 4 4 4
3.5 3.6 3.7
5 5
4.
GUIDELINES FOR FURTHER WORK RECOMMENDATIONS ANNEX 1 - LIST OF MEMBERS, CONSULTANT, TEMPORARY ADVISERS, OBSERVERS AND SECRETARIAT ........ ANNEX 2 - AGENDA ANNEX 3 - OPENING REMARKS BY DR LIU GUO-BIN, DIRECTOR, DRUG POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ••••••••••••••• ANNEX 4 - PROGRESS REPORT ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF ACUPUNCTURE NOMENCLATURE •••••••••••••••• ANNEX 5 - STANDARD NOMENCLATURE OF THE 31 EXTRAORDINARY POINTS .....•••••.•••..••••... ANNEX 6 - STANDARD NOMENCLATURE OF SCALP ACUPUNCTURE LINES .................................................... ANNEX 7 - THE BASIC LINES FOR LOCATING MERIDIAN AND ACUPUNCTURE POINTS ••••••••••••••• 0...... ANNEX 8 - BRIEF EXPLANATION OF POINT NAMES OF 14 MERIDIANS ....................•......•....
s.
6
9 13
17 21
23 27
35 41
1.
INTRODUCTION
With a view to establishing a standard acupuncture nomenclature in the Western Pacific Region, which contains the majority of acupuncturists in the world, the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific organized a Working Group on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature, which met in Manila from 14 to 20 December 1982. The Group recommended a standard nomenclat.ure, consisting of an alphameric code, the Chinese phonetic (Pinyin) alphabet name, and the Han characters of the meridians and 361 classical acupuncture points, which has since been accepted by the Regional Office. Ten thousand copies of this nomenclature have been published and are being distributed to Member States in the Region as well as interested parties throughout the world through WHO Headquarters in Geneva and the Regional Offices. With a view to further developing standardization of acupuncture nomenclature in respect of extraordinary points, new points and points related to the micro-systems, and ensuring a global acceptance of the standard acupuncture nomenclature, a Regional Consultation Meeting on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature was held at the Sasakawa Memorial Hall, Tokyo, from 28 to 31 May 1984. 2. 2.1 Aim AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE CONSULTATION MEETING
The overall aim of the Consultation Meeting was to make practical recommendations on WHO's collaborative role in the development of a standard acupuncture nomenclature. To this end, the Consultation Meeting was to review the progress made on standardization to consider whether further standardization of nomenclature could be achieved and to indicate in the form of recommendations and guidelines how further standardization could be achieved: 2.2 Objectives The objectives of the Consultation Meeting were; (1) to review the progress in the development of the standardized acupuncture nomenclature for the classical 361 acupuncture points; (2) to consider whether the nomenclature for any of the new points, extraordinary points and points related to the micro-system (e.g. auricular, scalp, etc.) could be standardized in the manner used for the classical 361 acupuncture points; (3) to discuss how the acupuncture points could be described and located scientifically; and (4) to plan for future activities aimed at further developing the standardization of acupuncture nomenclature.
- 2 -
3.
PROCEEDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1
Opening seSSlon
The Consultation Meeting was opened by Dr Liu Guo-bin, Director, Drug Policy, Environmental Health and Health Technology, on behalf of the Regional Director, Dr H. Nakajima. In welcoming the members, he noted the progress made to date and the need for further standardization, particularly in regard to the extraordinary points, new points and the points related to the micro-systems. He was followed by Mr K. Naito, Director of the International Affairs Division, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan, who noted the important role of traditional medicine in general and acupuncture in particular in regard to the delivery of health care. The following were elected officers: Chairman - Dr Yukio Kurosu (Japan); Vice Chairmen - Dr Wang Xuetai (China) and Dr Gerald Gibb (New Zealand); Rapporteur - Dr C.T. Tsiang (Australia). In addition to the country/area reports prepared by the members of the Consultation Meeting, working papers were prepared. The progress report prepared by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific on the standardization of acupuncture nomenclature, was tabled before the meeting. 3.2 Country/area reports
In presenting the Australian country report, Dr Tsiang welcomed the initiative taken by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific for the standardization of acupuncture nomenclature, and looked forward to an early and fruitful conclusion of the task. Dr Wang Xuetai, in presenting the Chinese report, indicated that the explanations of the Pinyin names of acupuncture points had been drafted and were being presented to the meeting. He also briefly outlined the highlights of some recent meetings in China concerned with the selection of the extraordinary and new points as well as the scalp and auricular points. Dr M. Yang presented the Hong Kong report and noted that the standard nomenclature was being well accepted. In presenting the Japanese country report, it was noted that the Han character for B8 Luoque was inappropriate. During the discussion that followed, it was agreed that a small group composed of Dr H. Kinoshita, Dr Wang Xuetai and Dr S.K. Kang should look into this problem and report to the Meeting on the most appropriate Han characters to be used for B8. Dr Gibb, in presenting the New Zealand report, observed that it was important to obtain international acceptance of any standard nomenclature proposed.
- 3 -
Dr Kang noted that the standard nomenclature developed at the last Working Group was finding acceptance in the Republic of Korea. However, it was important to standardize the nomenclature of the six extra meridians. Dr Aquino, presenting the Philippine report, noted that acupuncture was relatively new in the Philippines and that an understandable system of acupuncture nomenclature would hasten the propagation of acupuncture in his country. Professor Nguyen Tai Thu reported that the standard nomenclature was acceptable to Viet Nam and that, as far as extraordinary and new points are concerned, Viet Nam would like to offer its own list of fifteen acupuncture points. 3.3 Standardization WPR/TRM/84.6 oints
The working paper on extraordinary points was tabled by Dr Wang Deshen. He noted that out of about 1500 extraordinary and new points, only 42 had been carefully selected for discussion at the meeting. He pointed out that of the 42, 31 were extraordinary points while 11 were new points, all of which had been selected on the basis of efficacy and frequency of appearance in a number of books. After careful consideration, the Meeting decided; (1) (2) to accept the Pinyin and Han character names of all the 31 extraordinary points presented in the working papersj that the alphabetic component of the code for extraordinary points should be according to anatomical sites as follows; Head and neck Chest and abdomen Back of trunk Upper extremities Lower extremities (3) ExHN ExCA ExB ExUE ExLE
that the numeric component of the code would be deferred to a later date when the majority of the most important extraordinary acupuncture points had been identifiedj that a sub-group, under the chairmanship of China and consisting of experts from China, Japan, Republic of Korea and Viet Nam, should be formed to identify other important extraordinary points and to report within twelve months to the Regional Director with a final list of the most important extraordinary and new points for adoption, the sub-group being guided in its selection by the following criteria: All important books and documents from China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Viet Nam and elsewhere were to be consulted. Each acupuncture point selected should be clinically efficacious and frequently used.
(4)
- 4 -
3.4
Standardization
oints
WPR/TRM/84.l0 This working paper was presented by Dr Huang Xianming, who noted that it had been prepared by experts who had originally discovered and formulated . scalp acupuncture and that the working paper had the support of the All ChIna Acupuncture and Moxibustion ~ociety • . H7 al~o noted that scalp acupuncture had been widely used and its effIcacy verIfIed In recent years, and that :he scalp points in the form of lines were often near or connected to the claSSIcal meridians. The Meeting, after careful consideration, decided: (1) that the alphabetic code name of scalp acupuncture lines should be MS (this code name being derived from the terms micro-system and scalp points); that the Pinyin and Han character names should be accepted, subject to corrections which were to be received from members of the Working Group within the next 12 months; that the measure units should be changed from centimeters to "cun"; that the final corrected version should be published by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. oints
(2)
(3) (4) 3.5
Standardization of acu uncture nomenclature of the auricular
WPR/TRM/84.1l) This working paper was tabled by Dr Wang Xuetai, who noted that it was a provisional working paper for the consideration of the Meeting. After careful consideration, the Meeting decided that, as auricular acupuncture points were very new and complicated matter, it would not be possible at this stage to select which points should be included or excluded. However, it recommended that: (1) (2) the alphabetic code name should be MA (this code name being derived from the terms micro-system and auricular points); the selection and nomenclature of the auricular points should be reconsidered by a special sub-group, which should include experts from countries of other WHO regions.
3.6
Explanation of acupuncture point names and meridians
The Meeting noted with satisfaction the contents of the working paper prepared by the All China Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society and decided: (1) To adopt the explanations of acupuncture point names and meridians, subject to the following revisions: The All China Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society should be permitted to revise the explanations of those points they would like to verify, and to correct the English explanations as may be required.
- 5 -
The nomenclature should consist of the alphameric code, Pinyin name, and Han characters as set out in the publication Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature approved by the Working Group in 1982. A note should be added to indicate that the English explanations selected were the most acceptable interpretations available. (2) To recommend that the final revised version of the explanations of acupuncture point names and meridians should be published by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. the location of meridians and oints
3.7
This working paper was presented by Dr A. Debata. After considerable discussion, it was agreed that the nomenclature of the 12 basic lines set out in the working paper should be as follows; 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Median Basic Lines .•.••...•..••.••••••••. Thoracic Lateral Line (L2-SpI7) •••••••••• Thoracic Intermediate Line (513-S18) ••••• Thoracic Medial Line (K22-K27) ••••••••••. Abdominal Lateral Line (Liv14-5p16) •••••• Abdominal Intermediate Line (519-S30) •••• Abdominal Medial Line (KII-K21) ••••••••• Dorsal Lateral Line (B4l-B54) •••••••••••• Dorsal Medial Line (Bll-B30) ••••••••••••• Cranial Lateral Line •••••••••••••••••••• Cranial Intermediate Line (G15-G19) •••••• Cranial Medial Line (B4-B8) •••••••••••••• Zh~ngzh~ngxian
Xiongwlixian Xiongjianxian Xiongneixian Fuwlixian Fujianxian Fun~ixian
Beiwaixian Beineixian T6uwlixian T6ujianxian T6uneixian
The actual locations of these 12 basic lines as set out were adopted with the rider that the Abdominal Lateral Line needed to be further investigated and studied. The Meeting noted that the proposed basic lines would facilitate the location of meridians and acupuncture points and agreed that it would be very valuable to: (1) (2) (3) include an Introduction clearly indicating how these basic lines were to be used; include a full set of illustrations indicating the locations of these basic lines; publish the revised document. 4. GUIDELINES FOR FURTHER WORK
The Meeting, noting that a considerable amount of work remained to be carried out in regard to the standardization of acupuncture nomenclature, agreed as follows:
- 6 -
4.1 The sub-group on extraordinary and new points under the chairmanship of China, and consisting of experts from China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Viet Nam, as well as the sub-group on extra meridians under the co-chairmanship of China and New Zealand, and consisting of experts from Australia, China, Japan, Republic of Korea and New Zealand, would: (1) (2) (3) set out a time schedule for their respective tasks to be completed within the time frame of twelve months; carry out most of the work through correspondence; keep the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific informed of their activities and progress.
4.2 The following working papers would be revised as soon as convenient and returned to the WHO Regional Office by the country shown: (1) (2) (3) (4) Standard nomenclature of 31 extraordinary points (WPR/TRM/84.6) Standard nomenclature of the scalp acupuncture lines (WPR/TRM/84.l0) The basic lines for locating meridians and acupuncture points (WPR/TRM/84.13) Explanations of acupuncture point names and meridians (WPR/TRM/84.9) - China - China - Japan - China
4.3 After taking into consideration the printing errors noted in the publication entitled Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature, Dr Masayuki Yoshikawa would produce a complete list of errata for circulation with copies of the Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature. 5. RECOMMENDATIONS
Bearing in mind the importance of and urgent need for the further development of a standard acupuncture nomenclature to facilitate the teaching, research and practice of acupuncture on an international basis, the WHO Regional Consultation Meeting on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature recommends to the Regional Director of the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific as follows: 5.1 Recommendations 5.4 (regarding a global meeting of acupuncture specialists) and 5.S (regarding development of further standardization of acupuncture nomenclature) of the Working Group on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature held in Manila in December 1982, should be further implemented.
- 7 -
5.2.1 The alphameric code of the standard nomenclature of the extraordinary points should be based on anatomical sites as follows: Head and neck Chest and abdomen Back of trunk Upper extremities Lower extremities Ex Ex Ex Ex Ex HN CA B
UE LE
5.2.2 The Pinyin and Han character names of the 31 extraordinary points approved by the Consultation Meeting should be accepted by WHO. 5.2.3 A sub-group under the chairmanship of China and consisting of experts from China, Japan, the Republic of Korea and Viet Nam should be formed to identify other important extraordinary points and report within twelve months to the Regional Director with a final list of the most important extraordinary and new points for adoption, the sub-group being guided in its selection by the following criteria: (1)
All important books and documents from China, Japan, Republic of Korea, Viet Nam and elsewhere should be consulted. Each acupuncture point selected should be clinically efficacious and frequently used.
(2)
5.3.1 The standard acupuncture nomenclature of the 14 scalp acupuncture lines approved by the Consultation Meeting should consist of the alphameric code of MS 1 to MS 14, and of the Pinyin name and Han characters as set out. 5.3.2 WHO should publish the standard acupuncture nomenclature of the 14 scalp acupuncture lines as approved by the Consultation Meeting. 5.4.1 The alphabetic code of the standard nomenclature of the auricular points should be MA (this code name being derived from the terms of micro-system and auricular points). 5.4.2 A special sub-group, including experts from countries of other WHO regions, should be set up to study and select the most important auricular points for consideration by the Consultation Meeting.
5.S WHO should publish the "Explanations of acupuncture point names and meridians" as approved by the Consultation Meeting after it has been revised by the All China Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society, taking into consideration the following: (1)
The nomenclature should consist of the alphameric code, Pinyin name and Han characters as set out in the Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature (WHO Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series No. 1). The explanations should be verified and presented in simple and concise English. The explanations selected should be among the most acceptable interpretations.
(2) (3)
- 8 -
5.6 A sub-group under the co-chairmanship of China and New Zealand and consisting of experts from Australia, China, Japan, Republic of Korea and New Zealand should be set up to define the English equivalent names of the six extra meridians. 5.7 WHO should publish the basic lines for locating meridians and acupucture points, with the footnote that the abdominal lateral line needs further investigation and study.
- 9 ANNEX 1 LIST OF MEMBERS, CONSULTANT, TEMPORARY ADVISERS, OBSERVERS AND SECRETARIAT
1. Australia
MEMBERS
Dr C.T. Tsiang Immediate Past President Australian Medical Acupuncture Society 8 Raheen Drive, Kew Victoria Dr Wang Xuetai Vice President Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Dr Huang Xianming Director and Professor Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Shanghai Mr Cao Guoliang Translation and Clinical Manipulation Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing
China
Hong Kong
Dr Mabel Yang Department of Physiology Medical Faculty Hong Kong University Dr Haruto Kinoshita Past President Japan Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association Tokyo Dr Akio Dehata Committee Member Japanese Acupoints Research Committee Tokyo Dr Masayuki Yoshikawa Vice Director International Affairs Division Japan Society of Acupuncture Tokyo
Japan
- 10 -
Annex 1
New Zealand
Dr Gerald Gibb Immediate Past President Medical Acupuncture Society of New Zealand Auckland Dr Benjamin P. AQuino President Philippine Acupuncture Society Singson Building Plaza Moraga, Binondo Manila Dr Sung Keel Kang Assistant Professor Oriental Medical Hospital Kyung Hee lIniversity Seoul Dr Nguyen Tai Thu Director National Institute of Acupuncture Hanoi 2. CONSULTANT
Philippines
Republic of Korea
Viet Nam
Professor Paul C.Y. Chen Social and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 3. TEMPORARY ADVISERS
Dr Yukio Kurosu Vice President Japan Society of Acupuncture Tokyo Dr Wang Deshen Director Department of Acupuncture Literature Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing
- 11/12 -
Annex 1
Dr Rokuro Fujita Chairman Japanese Acupoints Research Committee Tokyo Dr Koji Sakamoto Professor Department of Pharmacology Showa University Tokyo 4. OBSERVERS
Dr Takeaki Matsumoto Committee Member Japanese Acupoints Research Committee Tokyo Dr Tomoyuki Ikari Committee Member Japanese Acupoints Research Committee Tokyo Dr Takashi Ito Committee Member Japanese Acupoints Research Committee Tokyo Dr Harumichi Ogawa President Japan Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association Tokyo Dr R. Okamoto WHO Representative and Programme Coordinator Seoul 5. WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific SECRETARIAT
Dr Liu Guo-bin Director Drug Policy, Environmental Health and Health Technology Dr C.O. Akerele Programme Manager Traditional Medicine
WHO Headquarters
- 13 -
ANNEX 2
AGENDA Monday. 28 May
9:00 a.lD. 9:30 a.m.
Registration Opening Ceremony Opening Address Self-introduction by participants E\ection of Officers
10:30 a.m.
Group photograph Coffee Break
11:00 a.m.
Objectives of the Meeting Adoption of the Agenda
11: 30 a.lD.
Plenary Session "Progress report on the standardization of acupuncture nomenclature" - WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific Country/area reports; - Australia - China - Hong Kong Discussion
12:30 p.m.
Lunch Plenary Session Country/area reports: Japan New Zealand Republic of Korea Philippines Viet Nam
2:30 p.m.
Discussion ~:en
p.m.
Coffee Break
- 14 -
Annex 2
4:15 p.m.
Working Group Discussions "To consider the standardization of the nomenclature of the extraordinary points" Dr Wang Deshen Discussion
5:30 p.m. 6:30 p.m. Tuesday, 29 May 9:00 a.m. 9:30 a.m.
Adjournment Reception by Japan Acupoint Committee
Executive Committee Meeting Working Group Discussions "To consider the standardization of the nomenclature of the head (scalp) points" Dr Huang Xianming
11:00 a.m. 11:20 a.m.
Coffee Break Working Group Discussions Discussion (continued)
12:30 p.m. 2:30 p.m.
Lunch Working Group Discussions "To consider the standardization of the nomenclature of the ear acupuncture points" - Dr Wang Xuetai
4:00 p.m. 4:15 p.m.
Coffee Break Working Group Discussions Discussion (cointinued)
5:30 p.m. Wednesday, 30 May
Adjournment
9:00 a.m. 9:30 a.m.
Executive Committee Meeting Working Group Discussions "To consider the scientific location of meridians and acupuncture points" - Dr A. Debata
- 15/16 Annex 2
Discussion
11: 00 a.m. 11:20 a.m.
Coffee Break Working Group Discussions Discussion (continued)
12:30 p.m. 2:30 p.m.
Lunch Plenary Session Working Group Report on Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature
4:00 p.m. 4:15 p.m.
Coffee Break Plenary Session "To plan for future activities and to draft recommendations"
5:30 p.m. Thursday, 31 May
Adjournment
9:00 a.m. 9:30 a.m.
Executive Committee Meeting Plenary Session Discussions (continued)
11:00 a.m. 11: 15 a.m. 11:45 a.m. 12:00 a.m.
Coffee Break Acceptance of recommendations Closing Session Finish
f - 17 ANNEX 3 OPENING REMARKS BY DR L1U GUO-BIN, DIRECTOR, DRUG POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGY Ladies and Gentlemen: First of all, I would like to extend to all of you the best wishes of Dr Hiroshi Nakajima, Regional Director, of the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Dr Nakajima is on a mission and unable to attend this meeting. On his behalf, therefore, I have pleasure in welcoming you to this Regional Consultation Meeting on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature. I wish in particular to welcome my colleague, Dr Akerele, Programme Manager for Traditional Medicine at WHO HoadQuarters. I also wish to welcome to this opening ceremony the distinguished representatives from the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. I would like to take this opportunity to extend our gratitude to the Ministry of Health and Welfare for their kind support and to the Sasakawa Memorial Health Foundation for making available all the necessary facilities for holding this meeting in this beautiful hall. As you are aware, during the last decade, WHO has given, and for good reasons, increasing attention to the potentialities of traditional medicine and to the importance of mobilizing its resources for the attainment of health for all by the year 2000. It was in this context that the WHO Regional Working Group on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature was convened in Manila in December 1982 with a view to further promoting and developing acupuncture as one of the most effective techniques of traditional medicine. At the Manila Working Group meeting, a consensus on a standard acupuncture nomenclature of 361 classical acupuncture points was reached and a number of valuable recommendations were made. The purpose of this Regional Consultation - which is actually a sequel to the Manila Working Group - is to review the progress achieved by the Member States concerned as well as by the Organization in implementing the recommendations of the last Manila meeting. You will also have to consider the standardization of nomenclature in respect of the head (scalp) and ear acupuncture points and to recommend how the acupuncture points can be described and located scientifically. The tasks before you will not be easy and there will doubtless be considerable differences and difficulties as you examine these Questions and try to determine how further standardization can be developed. Your t~sk during the coming week will be to examine these differences and to identify common grounds for mutual agreement. With the experience gained at the Manila meeting, I am very confident that you, the experts, have a valuable contribution to make. I look forward therefore with keen interest to receiving your recommendations on how the standardization of acupuncture nomenclature can be further developed.
- 18 -
Annex 3
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Dr Paul Chen, Consultant, and Dr Kurosu and Dr Wang Deshen, Temporary Advisers, for their important contributions to the preparation of this meeting. I also wish to thank Dr Sakamato and Dr Fujita for their kind support. I thank you all for your participation and wish you a stimulating and rewarding meeting and an enjoyable stay in Tokyo.
- 19/20 Annex 3
CLOSING REMARKS BY DR LIU GUO-BIN, DIRECTOR, DRUG POLICY, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND HEALTH TECHNOLOGY
Ladies and Gentlemen: Over the past three and a half days, you have actively participated in your deliberation and discussion, which have covered all aspects in relation to the meeting's terms of reference. You have also made several valuable suggestions and recommendations for further development and action. I am very pleased to say that the meeting had achieved its planned objectives and proved it a very interesting and successful one. It is really another big step forward towards the ultimate goal to achieve a global standardization of acupuncture nomenclature. I also note that due to the limited time available, several problems remain unsolved and a lot of work still needs to be done after the meeting, for example, the identification of other important extraordinary points and new points, the study and selection of other important auricular points, etc. We should continue our efforts to complete our work. I can assure you that WHO will continue to support you in all your endeavours to that end. Regarding the recommendations you made, I will request the Regional Director to give favourable consideration. Now, before closing this meeting, I should like to express my thanks to the Chairman, Dr Kurosu, the Vice Chairmen, Dr Wang and Dr Gibb and the Rapporteur, Dr Tsiang, for their leadership, guidance and hard work. I would like also to thank Dr Paul Chen, our consultant, Dr Sakamoto and his two studentts for their assistance. I wish to thank you all for the various roles you have played and the contribution you have made for the success of this meeting. I would also like to express my gratitude and appreciation once again to the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare and the Sasakawa Memorial Health Foundation for their kind support to this meeting. I wish you all a pleasant journey, to those who are leaving us, a safe journey home, to those who are going to Kyoto, an enjoyable time to Kyoto.
- 21 -
ANNEX 4
PROGRESS REPORT ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF ACUPUNCTURE NOMENCLATURE
1.
INTRODUCTION
With a view towards establishing a standard acupuncture nomenclature in the Western Pacific Region, which contains the majority of acupuncturists in the world, the '-Iorld Health Organization for the Western Pac.ific organized 2 Working Group on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature which met in Manila from 14 to 20 December 1982. The overall aim of the Working Group was to make practical recommendations on WHO's collaborative role on the development of a standard acupuncture nomenclature. To this end, the Working Group reviewed the level of agreement and the problems that remained, and recommended that: 1. The standard acupuncture nomenclature should consist of three essential elements, namely, an alphameric code, the Chinese phonetic alphabet name, and the Han characters of the merididans and acupuncture points. 2. WHO should publish this standard acupuncture nomenclature of the classical 361 acupuncture points and disseminate it around the world. 3. WHO should collect, collate, verify and publish lists of the equivalent names and code names of the acupuncture points as used in various count ries, together wi th the standard acupuncture nomenclature recommended above, so as to facilitate the further acceptance and use of this standard nomenclature. 4. WHO should arrange a global meeting of acupuncture specialists in 1984 to consider the standard acupuncture nomenclature recommended by the '''estern Pacific Regional Working Group on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature, with a view to the development of a standard international acupuncture nomenclature. 5. WHO should look into the possibility of developing further standardization of acupuncture nomenclature in respect of the new points, extraordinary points, and points related to the micro-systems (e.g. auricular, scalp, etc.), and of any other remaining standardization problems .
•
- 22 Annex 4 _._-".-"2. 2.1 FOLLOW-UP ACTION TAKEN BY THE REGIONAL OFFICE
Publ.ication of Standard Acupuncture Nomenclature of the classical 361 Acupuncture Points
Ten thousand copies of the standard acupuncture nomenclature of the classical 361 acupuncture points, consisting of the three essential elements of an alphameric code, the Chinese phonetic (Pinyin) alphabet name, and the Han characters of the meridians and acupuncture points were published in early 1984 after the draft had been approved by the members of the Working Group. These are being distributed to Member States in the Region as well as to interested parties throughout the world through the WHO Headquarters and Regional Offices. 2.2 Publication of lists of equivalent names and code names of acupuncture points as used in various countries
In pursuit of the above, the Regional Office, assisted by Dr Wang Deshen of the Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Academy of Traditional Chinese medicine, Beijing, China, and several others, has compiled and published 3000 copies of the equivalent names and code names of acupuncture pOints as used in English, French, German, Japanese, Korea, Russian and Vietnamese, the purpose of the publication being to facilitate the quick comparison of the standard nomenclature with those previously used in older documents. 2.3 Further development of the standardization of acupuncture nomenclature
The WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, after consultatl on with Member States concerned, has organized the Regional Consultation Meeting on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature in Tokyo, Japan during the period 28 t.o 31 May 1984 to consider further standardization of acupuncture nomenclature and how acupuncture points can be described and located scientifically. Members of the Working Group wi 11 meet and discuss a number of working papers especially prepared to look into the standardization of head (scalp) acupuncture points and ear acupuncture points, as well as the standardization of localities of acupuncture points. 2.4
II
Global standardization of acupuncture nomenclature
.As a first step towards a global meeting, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific has set into motion action to disseminate information and exchange views with other regions on the standard acupuncture nomenclature recommended by the Working Group of the Western Pacific Region. It is planned that a global meeting will be held in 1986, and efforts are being made towards this end.
j 1
J
- 23 -
ANNEX 5
STANDARD NOMENCLATURE OF THE 31 EXTRAORDINARY POINTS
Introduction
Extraordinary points refer to the points which~e not attributed to the 14 meridians, including traditional extraordinary points and new pOints discovered in recent years. In December 1982, the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific held a meeting on the international standardization of the point names of acupuncture and moxibustion in Manila, Philippines, which laid down the standard point names of 14 meridians. The meeting also suggested that extraordinary points and ear (auricular) acupuncture points should be collected and sorted out for working out an international standardization. There is a great difference in the number of extraordinary points and newly emerged points recorded in acupuncture books. published in recent years, the minimum number is 20, 35-50 in general, in some books over 200, even more than 1500 in a book. For the sake of prudence, we selected 31 points used frequently both at home and abroad as the first batch of standardized nomenclature of extraordinary points. Just like the standard point names of 14 meridians, this plan also consists of three essential elements, namely, English alphameric code, Chinese phonetic alphabet (Pinyin) name and Han character. The extraordinary points are listed according to the parts of the body from up downwards (head, neck, chest, abdomen, upper extremities and lower extremities). The extraordinary points and areas where they are located are abbreviated as follows:
- 24 -
Annex 5 Hend
and
Neck, Ex-HN
TouJingbu
iifl (l): ) ~fl (:ij) )# ~ ~:~
Siahenc0ng yinte.ng Ex-ll Ex-ll Ex-I!
l&'E/!!9 f4t Ie
Yuyao 'l'aiy&ng NeiYlngxiang Jinjin
En :iii: fi.l. III (tB Jl'I ) ;t;: ~~ (;t ~ , iP3:i!E.~ ~~ 3Li~
Ex-Il Ex-H Ex-II Ex-l!
Yuye Juquan HaiquDn
~7'R
~& Ij:~
Erjian Che.s t Cl1Id
I. bdomen,
J~x-6' A
Xio~.9rilbU ~Ri-W Ex-G,
Zlgoog
Back , Be;bu 3L ~
[",-8
3J.p p
Ex-nw
Jiajl
*=;q. ~1!l
Ex-nw Ex-BW EX-Ell Ex-Ell
Pigeo Yioyao SlUqlzhuI
ftUa
+-tfft BUr
Yaoqi
1
j
I I
- 25 -
Annex 5
Upper F:xtremities, F.x-UE 3hangzhI
.l~
;':x-UE Fx-UE ?x-UE
ZhOujiiln . , F.rbal
Ex-UE r.x-uE EX-UE'
Zhongquan Zhongkui
M5J..: =9 4t 7'il tf>%i
!'x-UE Ex-liE
Dagukong XiaogUkong Dixie 51-fang
*f(~ IJ"t~ J\~ 119~
Ex-UK
shixuSn
i-1I Lower Xinzhi Extremltle~,
P.x-LE
1'1!t Ex-LE Ex-LE Ex-LE F.x-LE Hecung IIllli (
ill
m)
Xiyan NeihuB.1jian k'fdhuaijian
lUi PJ.~
*~~ I'd'&. ( 1\ lXI. )
Ex-LE Ex-LE
Bifeng
DuyIn
~~P*~Jlij)
- 26 Annex 5
~~?\..,'\
Jinglil tixu8 Toujln gbu
Xxtra ordin ary point Head
Ex (JW, HM, CL)
.\tl-J f~-t~ ~~ gl~\l :J t.. .±.n F) t' \Q
Qf\J. (l'f\c{
\~ Lek
HN
Xi oro'\fu.. bu. .!
,Che.s-t Back
Abdomen
LA Ej
Balbu Shangzhl
l.JR r Bt
Upper Extre mitie s Lower Extrem itie:.;
UE LE
Iiazh i
, )
~ ; 1
- 27 -
ANNEX 6
STANDARD NOMENCLATURE OF SCALP ACUPUNCTURE LINES
Introduction
Since 1970, scalp acupuncture therapy has been initiated in China wi th which diseases are treated by needling on certain areas of the head. This therapy was soon introduced into some foreign countries. At present it is becoming one of the therapeutic methods frequently used by medical doctors. In order to facilitate the academic exchange of head acupuncture internationally and promote its further development, it is high time that a plan for standardization of the point names of head acupuncture be formulated. Head acupuncture has developed on the basis of traditional Zhen-jiu (acupuncture and moxibustion) medicine. Its points are closely related to Jingluo (meridians and collaterals), points and Zang-fu (interna] organs). So its nomenclature should reflect the theory and characteristics of meridians and points. To answer the suggestion and requirement of WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, and after discussion in the meeting, this plan was formulated on the principle of selection of points on the meridians which are chosen according to various regions in combination with ancient point penetration method (one needle penetrating two or three points). Just like the Standard Point Names of 14 Meridians the plan for nomenclature of head acupuncture consists of three essential elements, namely, English alphameric code, Chinese phonetic alphabet (Pinyin) name and Han character. The corresponding English equivalent is given after the Chinese phonetics, so as to facilitate the study and understanding of those who don't know Chinese characters and their pronunciation. The point names and English alphabetical code of head acupuncture are described as follows: Scalp acupuncture points, MS.
LOCALIZATION OF LINES OF SCALP ACUPUNCTURE
M5 HPJ
5" )<
:;I,
m C/'
Ezhon gxiBn
~«(liJ{ 1J;~($'i)
MIddl e Line of the Foreh ead
From Shent ing (Gv24 ), I cun anter iorly along the me ridi an. Frolll Mcich ong (B3) I 'CUll anter iorly IIl0ng the me ridllll l.
IIPl
'
... 1'.pallgxiill1 J ~ (
;t~ (f~ilX' I t:~ (t\) :t~( /iji}J;-
Lille I l'ltenJ .i to Foreh ead
liP)
Epang xinn II
U,\' (~)
LIne 2 latera l to Forell ead
From Toult n'li (G41) I cun anter iorly along the merid ian.
I
I
HP4
Epangx Hlll II I
,
{
~ ( /,'i!)J) 3 t>\ (~\) ~ (I~OII'J~ (t\.)
I HPS
Line 3 later al' to forehe ad
Starti ng O.S cunm edial to Towei : ' (58). 1 cun anter iorly . At the Centr al Line on the top of the head. From Faihu i (CV20) to Qiand ing (GV21). I cun anter ior to Baillll i (GV20 ) to Xuanl i (G6).
N
otngzh ongxii lll
Middl e Line of the Parie tal
00
HP6
nlngni ':-
<"1;\l1xli~xian ~~rrl'~(~) J~( V~! }j;; l.,!;~ <.MJ
Anter ior OblIq ue Line of the Parlet o-Tem poral
From
111'7
Orn[l,n ie lIouxi exian
Poste rior ObHq\ le Line of Pa rie to-Tem po rill Line 1 besid e Parie tal
From Baihu i (GV20 ) to Qul'ill (G7). Later al to Middl e Line of tile parIe tal, 3 em long from Toneti llll (n7) backw ard along tile merld iall
liP 8
OIngp angxla ll I
-
.-.
-~.
-_ .. -
....
-
-_... _...
MS
DIngpangxiiin 2
J~ ( M»;; 2~(~)
Line 2 beside the Parietal
Lateral to Line I beside the Parietal. l' nun long from Zhengying (GI7) backward along the meridian.
HPlO
Nieqianxiiin
HPll HPl2 HP13
Niehouxiiin
M(llii)iiiJ~(~ ~~'-i~(~ .~.t
Anterior Tempural Line
From Ilanyan (GiV to Xuanll (G6).
Posterior Temporal Line
From Shuaigu (GB) to Qubin CG7). From Qiangjian (GVIS) to Naohu (GVI7).
Zh~nshang ZhEmzhongxian
It .1: iEI"t~~Middle Line of Occiput
ZhEmshang Pangxiiin
J:
j,\t~~)
Upper-Side Line of Occiput
1 cm lateral and Parallel to the Middle Line of Occiput.
HPl4
Zhenxiii Pangxiiin
ltF :t.\~(~) Lower-Side Line of Occiput
4 cm straight downward from Yuzhen (B9) N \0
g (1)
>:
'"
-
30 -
/
-~
( ,
~)
--
\
Ci~
."
- 31 Annex 6
-o 0>
<:
-'
...... -0
CII
...... If1 ~
:x Q/';:' .... ..<:
~-:
_t::.
\
\ \
0-''---0 \
\ \ \
\
:(
" .-
,.,
:-' .' .. ~
....,. :> L')
r-
,-. ::0
:> ..c:: <.!>
.... 0
00 ;:
""'0
P! '-'
.",
s:
0' '-'"
-
32 -
d -...J
~ _
".< -
"3'
OI~"'-
,"'i'=-
.-Q..o:E (l 0..--
-
.:.""' "d
~::
:::1
\...,
L ,'.)
E. ~ 0
C~ ' oj ~
/-/ \
-'
\ \
/--
Iy
}/ ./~ ......,. > <.!) .... 0 ."
\
,''~
..::..~
..c ;::Q
--
''"d
=
'-"
'" "....J
-
<:>
- 33 -
Annex 6
.... Q
.j ~
~
,-... -<IS
!.D <.:)
)(
'-' ~ ;~
""" :3 -~ \
'-" :-' ..... '-'
'r-><..!) , ; -0;
" -"" ~
~ ""
.=:
U>
N '-"
:-' :."-
'.-= '"-
.-
I; '-'
....... ... '" =-.:.::. ..,., ::::l '0
.'''
'" t-
.~
., .....
-,, ,
'-' ~
51 ..... . '~
-"
~
.... ... . ~
,..... :s: QI
.~
I ~
~
-'''''i
~ '"lr
'.:or
~ ~
c:! I:
....
... ..... .~ ~
s
,'-'" -~
:.; .....
f
d! 01 ~
-J ,,-,'
.., '.. '- = ... ... .: ..... '-"
...
IX):'!? c.!)
'::r
"" ....::. -~
~
iii: =
= ........
-1 --= .,.,
--:s.. 'i:
:.a .~
I:'
rI.!)
.......
~ ;:-
0-
~ l.0
""
~ "-
~
c...
.... u
- 34 -
Annex 7
-'
'" '"
V1..,
~r""\ ~
...
:::>
0..."
c.. 'at 0 v
."
, ... <II
~
o
.. u
A..
-J
... ;:. :lS
o 0' Qf
I:
::i
-../
JS-"" \
'-"
"
i=I
-
'
, , .....,
~
:.:s
"
,
\ \ \
""
" ,
\ \
\
""
\ \
""
\
\
I
\ ./ ./ ./
<'
'.~
'-' / /
,=/ / '-'
-,'
- 35 ANNEX 7
THE BASIC LINES FOR LOCATING MERIDIAN AND ACUPUNCTURE POINTS by Japan Acupoint Commdttee In order to clarify locations of acupoints, and to simplify description of the same, it is necessa~y to settle basic lines in thoracic, abdominal, dorsal and cranial regions. The necessity of which was already agreed at the Conference for International Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature held between China and Japan, May 1981. Since then, Japan Acupoint Commdttee has endeavoured to collect necessary data for the matter, referring to many source books and actual measurements of human bodies. And the resume of which is stated hereinafter as a Japanese suggestion to be discussed at the Consultation Meeting of the World Health Organization for the Western Pacific Region in Tokyo. NAMES OF BASIC LINES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Median Basic Lines •••........•...•.••........... Thoracic Lateral Line (L2-Sp17) .•..••..........•. Thoracic Intermediate Line (S13-S18) ..•.......... Thoracic Medial Line (K22-K27) ..•.••••••••...••.. Abdominal Lateral Line (Liv14-Sp16) .............• Abdominal Intermediate Line (S19-S30) •..•......•. Abdominal Medial Line (Kll-K2l) .•..•.•..•.••..... Dorsal Lateral Line (B4l-B54) ................... . Dorsal Medial Line (Bl1-B30) ................•.... Cranial Lateral Line .....•...••.....•..........•. Cranial Intermediate Line (G15-G19) ••.•.......... Cranial Medial Line (B4-BB) .....•..•.......•..... Zhengzhongxian Xi on gw iii xi an Xiongj ianxian Xiongneixian Fiiwiiixian Fiijianxian Filneixian Beiwaixian Be iniHxian Touwaixian Touj ianxian Touneixian
B. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Basing on the agreement between China and Japan at the said Conference in 19B1, localization of acupoints should be made in accordance withfue descriptions of authentic source books like (SOMON) (REISUU) (KOUITSUKYOU), and if there is no description or the description found out is not clear enough, then other source books are to be looked up in chronological order. In this suggestion, locations of the basic lines and acupoints are mentioned using fractional numbers, because one Cun of ancient Chinese measure in the field of acupuncture is of relatively proportional, and thus, a geometrical same length may be expressed sometimes 5 Cun and some other times 6 Cun, which is indeed inconvenient in actual practice.
-
36 -
Annex 7
MEDIAN BASIC LINES
1. 2.
Conception Vessel Meridian Line: ventral medial line (CV24-CVl) Governor Vessel Meridian Line: dorsal medial line (GV28-GVl)
THORACIC BASIC LINES
3.
Thoracic Lateral Line: Locate L2 point in the adjacent concavity to the medial margin of the coracoid, and the vertical line that passes the L2 point is this one. (L2-Sp17) Thoracic Intermediate Line: the vertical line that passes lateral 1/3 distance between the Conception Vessel and the L2 point. (S13-Sl7) Thoracic Medial Line: the vertical line that passes medial 1/3 distance between the Conception Vessel and the L2. (K27-K-22)
4.
5.
(Bases of the Localizations)
We measured 115 men localizing L2 point, adopt tng 9 . .5 Cun between the two mammillae> from the source book (REISUU-KOTSUDOHEN) and 6 Cun between the Conception Vessel and L2 point> from the source book (KOUITSUKYOU), respectively as their reference measurements.
<
<
As the result, average location of L2 point is 10mm medial from the medial margin of the coracoid at the sitting position, and 6mm lateral from the same edge, i.e., right in the ventral plane of the coracoid at the supinate position. Consequently, Japan Acupoint Committee (JAC) concluded that the localization of L2 point is at the adjacent concavity medial to the coracoid, and subclavia
>.
<
Now, for the Thoracic Intermediate Line, we adopted 4 Cun lateral to the Conception Vessel> of the (KOUITSUKYOU), thus JAC concluded lateral 1/3 distance between the Conception Vessel Meridian and L2 point>. And for the Thoracic Medial Line 2 Cun lateral to the Conception Vessel Meridian> of the (KOUITSUKYOU), and the JAC's conclusion was medial 1/3 distance between the Conception Vessel Meridian and L2 point>
<
<
<
<
Fjnally, according to the data obtained, average location of the Thoracic Intermediate Line is medj_al to the mammillary line, in which the mean of 115 men at sitting pOf;1tion is 10 mm. This fact well corresponds to the description of the (REISUU), that is to say, the flow of the Stomach Meridian descends through the medial of the mammilla> .
<
-
37 -
Annex 7
NOTE
Although we have collected the data on 98 women, the difference between one another was so lnrge due to their individual topographical features of the breast that we had to give up adoption of the data, thus resulted to use only men's data here. Now, if we adopt the description in the (TAISEI), 8 Cun between both mammillae>, average location of the L2, of male, will be right on the ventral plane of the coracoid itself when sitting, and right on the head of humerus when supinating, and of female, right on the head of humerus in both sitting and supination. Anyway, if we adopt the distance between both mammillae as reference measurement, the location of the L2 will be different between the 2 sexes, and as a consequence of which, so will be the Thoracic Basic lines. Therefore, JAC concluded upon the basis of the said data that the < 6 Cun between the Conception Vessel Meridian and the L2 is more reliable because it depends on the bone-coracoid.
<
>
ABDOMINAL BASIC LINES 1. Abdominal Lateral Line: the vertical line that passes lateral 1/8 of the distance between the medial margin of antero-superior iliac spine and the Conception Vessel Meridian. (Liv14-Sp12) Abdominal Intermediate Line: the vertical line that passes halfway between the medial margin of antero-superior iliac spine and the Conception Vessel Meridian. (S19-S30) Abdominal Medial Line: the vertical line that passes medial 1/8 of the distance between the medial margin of the antero-superior iliac spine and the Conception Vessel Meridian. (K21-KII) (Bases of the localizations) We measured 42 male and 59 female in order to know whether the same reference measurement 6 Cun between the Conception Vessel and the L2 ~ is applicable or not.
2.
3.
<
Measured distances are one between the both coracoids, one between the both antero-superior iliac spines, and one between the both Sp 12 points. Apropos, the Sp12 was localized at the junction of the inguinal sulcus and the horizontal line that passes superior margin of the symphisis pubis in accordance with the description of (KOUITSUKYOU).
- 38 -
Annex 7 Now, using the thoracic reference measurement of 6 Cun between the Conception and the L2, we localized the abdominal three basic lines spanning from the Conception Vessel Meridian, respectively 0.5 Cun distance the Kidney, basing on the description of (KOUITSUKYOU), 2 Cun distance the Stomach, basing on the description of (SENKIMPOU), and 3.5 Cun distance the Spleen, basing on the description of (KOUITSUKYOU) and (SENKIMPOU), in order to get an average location of each basic line. As a result, the Spleen Meridian Line of male was averagely 40 mm, of female 45 mm medial from the iliac spine, both of which seemed to us relatively too medial to those of the clinical practice.
Now again, we came to realize that the ratio of the distances between the both iliac spines and the both coracoids, of male 9:10 and of fema:E9.7:l0, owing to which, male and female were to have different abdominal basic lines, in connection with the iliac spine as a referential point. Next, we tried to localize the abdominal basic lines using the SPl2 described in (KOUITSUKYOU) as a referential point. However, the location of the SP12 was so different from one subject to another, especially in cases of female, as many as 9 out of 52 (16.4%) had their Stomach Basic Line passing in the ventral plane of the anterosuperior iliac spine. Now, in view of the average locations of the abdominal basic lines localized basing upon the Spl2 as referential point, it was noted that the Abdominal Intermediate Line passes at about half the distance between the Conception Vessel Meridian and the antero-superior iliac spine. More precisely, of male 3mm, and of female lmm both medial from the middle of the distance. Hence the conclusion: the location of the Abdominal Intermediate Line is the vertical line that passes at the midpoint between the Conception Vessel Meridian and the antero-superior iliac spine> . Accordingly, the Spleen (3.5 Cun, KOUITSUKYOU and SENKIMPOU) lateral 1/8 between the Conception and the iliac spine> , and the Kidney (0.5 Cun) medial 1/8 between the Conception and the iliac spine> .
<
<
<
DORSAL BASIC LINES 1.
Dorsa 1 Lateral Line: the vertical line that passes <. the mos t medial point of the medial margin of the scapula> (we abbreviate this expression hereinafter the SCAPVLA), (B4l-B54). Dorsal Medial Line: the vertical line that passes the point halfway between the Governor Vessel Meridian and the SCAPVLA. (B11-B30)
2.
J
- 39 -
Annex 7
(Bases of the localizations) Only description which clearly expresses the locations of these basic lines, though indirectly, is encountered in the (KOUITSUKYOU), which states that the B45 can be located at the medial side of the rim of scapula. However, if we define it as'::: the vertical line that passes B45> ' there is a risk of hiding those superior acupoints like B44 and B43 underneath the scapula depending on the individual difference of its shape. Because it seems like most scapula has its medial margin slanting medially from the B45 upwards. Now, we radiographed 8 male persons in order to know the relativity between the B45 and the scapula, and found out that 4 out of the 8 have B45 underneath the scapula. Basing on the above data, JAC concluded to describe the location of Dorsal Lateral Line the vertical line that passes the scapula> , making use of the description to localize B45 in the (KOUITSUKYOU) adj acent spot to the medial rim of the scapula> , but not too much concerned with the location of the B45 itself.
<
<
< laterally 1.5 Cun from the Governor Vessel Meridian> , which means 1/2 of the 3 Cun where the Dorsal Lateral Line passes. Thus, they inductively add up to be expressed the Dorsal Medial Line is at the midpoint between the Governor Ves~el Meridian and the scapula> CRANIAL BASIC LINES 1. Cranial Medial Line: the saggittal line that passes medial 1/3 of the distance between the Governor Vessel Meridian and S8 point. (B4-B8) Cranial Intermediate Line: the saggittal line that passes halfway between the Governor and the S8. (Bases of the Localizations) The location of the Cranial Medial Line is described in the (KOUITSUKYOU) <laterally 1. 5 Cun from the Governor Vesse 1 Me ridian and also described in the same book <. the distance between the Governor and the 58 is 4.5 Cun ;> , which means the former is 1/3 of the latter, hence the above conclusion.
Dorsal Medial Line is, in accordance with the (KOUITSUKYOU),
<
2.
>,
- 40 -
Annex 7
The location of the Cranial Intermediate Line is not described clearly neither in (SOMON) (REISUU) (KOUITSUKYOU) nor in any other real old classics, thus we have to resort to a description from (SHINKYTJUJUEI-1546), in which it is said< right up above the pupilla). Upon observation of the distance between the two basic linES of 114 male, age from 20 to 59, selected were the persons whose hair least retreated from the forehead, we found out, measuring the distance between the both S8 points and the distance between the both pupillae, that in many cases the distance between the two lines is considerably too close, including 8 cases (out of 114, i.e., 7%) less than 5 mm, and 1 closest case 1.5 mm. Then we tentatively projected the average Cranial Intermediate Line obtained on the basis <: right up above the pupilla>, on the distance between the Governor Vessel Meridian and the S8. We thus found out that the average Cranial Medial Line is approximately at the midpoint between the Conception Vessel Meridian and the S8, more exactly, at 2 rom medial from the midpoint. In accordance with the data obtained hereabove, hypothetically defying it as ~ a sagittal line that passes halfway between the Governor Vessel Meridian and the S8 we calculated and attained the distance between the Cranial Intermediate Line and the Cranial Medial Line of each individual subject. The results: the closes 8.5 mm, the widest 16 mm, and average 12 mm.
>,
The Cranial Intermediate Line thus projected with above hypothesis was judged far more appropriate in its location from the clinical point of view than the other line of right up above the pupilla>. Hence the conclusion: the saggittal line that passes halfway between the Governor Vessel Meridian and the S8;> depending both on the (SHINKYUUJUEI), and on our observational data.
<
<
- 41 -
ANNEX 8
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF POINT NAMES OF 14 MERIDIANS by Shisijing Xueming Jianshi
The following brief explanatjons of the meaning of the names of acupuncture points and meridians have been compiled at the request of the Working Group on the Standardization of Acupuncture Nomenclature which was convened in Manila, Philippines in 1982 by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. The aim of this publication is to contribute to a better understanding of the meaning of the phonetic names of acupuncture points particularly to those who cannot read Chinese. With a view to enabling more people to understand the meaning of each acupuncture point, explanations have been made on the basis of the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (yin-yang, five elements, channel and collateral, zang-fu, qi blood and anatomy) and the clinical effect of acupuncture and moxibustion. However, as several interpretations are possible, only the most acceptable interpretations have been included in this publication. The first paragraph under the name of each acupuncture point is the explanation of the meaning of the word, and the second paragraph is a brief account of the most acceptable interpretation of the name of the acupuncture point. The present explanation was compiled by the Acupoint Research Committee of the All China Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Since some names defy interpretation, further research and study may be needed. We therefore welcome any suggestions and revisions.
- 42 -
Annex 8
Lung Meridian
L
Zh6ngfU
Zhong, middle;
fu,
place.
Zhong refers to the middle jiao. The Lung Channel starts from the middle jiao. The point is in the place where qi of the spleen and stomach in the middle jiao is gathered in the Lung Channel. L
2
Yunmen Yun, cloud; men, door. Yun refers to the lung qi. The point 15 above the chest,
like a door of the lung qi. L
3
Tianfil
Tian, heaven; fu,
place.
The point 1S 1n the upper arm, which is a confluence of the lung q i . L 4
Xiabai X ia,
~S
same as "xie lf
;
bai, white.
White colour pertains to the lung. With both arms hanging freely, L
this point is located on both sides of the lung. Chize Chi, a unit of length, 10 cun constitute
5
one chi;
ze, marsh. elbo~
Chi refers to the ulnar aspect
(from the wrist to the
,.
The point is in the depression at the elbow fossa at the ulnar aspect. The channel qi is infused here, marsh. L
like water flowing into the
6
K6ngzul Kong, opening; zui, adverb. The opening of this point is deepest.
L
7
Lie,
arrangement; que, depression.
The lightning and the heavenly rift in ancient times are
- 43 Annex 8
called Lieque. The Channel of Hand-Taiyin to
deverg~s
from this point
the Channel of Hand-Yangming. The point
IS
In the depression
superior to the styloid process of the radius. L
8
Jlngqu Jing, passing; qu, ditch. A ditch where the channel qi passes.
L
9
Taiyuan Tai, maximum; yuan, abyss. Tai means abundance. The channel qi in the local part of
the point L 10
IS
abundant as an abyss.
Yuji
Yu,
fish;
ji, border. prominent (thenar)
The muscular flexor pollicis In the palm is
as fish and the point is just located at its border. Yuji is used as an anatomical word at present. L
11
Shaoshiing
Shao, immaturity; shang, one of the five sounds, pertaining to metal. ShaD means less and the lung pertains to metal at shang sound. This is the end point of the Lung Channel where qi is less.
Large Intestine Meridian
Sh6uyangm1ng Dachangjing Xue ~1IB1!ij*.&1\
L1
Shangyang
Shang, one of the five sounds, pertaining to metal; yang, the opposite of yin. The large intestine pertains to metal at shang sound. Yang refers to the Yang Channels. LI 2 Erjian
Er,
second;
jian, clearance. IS
Jian refers to the point. This Large Intestine Channel.
the second point of the
- 44 -
Annex 8 LI
3
Sanjian San, third; jian, clearance.
Jian refers to the point. This is the third point of the Large lntestine Channel. LI
4
Hegu
*:a. and the 2nd metacarpal depressive as a valley.
He, junction; gu, valley. This point 1S in between the 1 s t bone s . Local region of the point 1S LI 5 YangxI
Yang, the opposite of yin; xi, ditch. Yang refers to the Yang Channels. The local depression is like a ditch 1n the mountains. L1 6
Pianli Pian, divergence; Ii, passway. The Large Intestine Channel separates a collateral from here
and diverges to the Lung Channel. L1 7
Wenliii Wen, warming; liu, circulation.
This point is able to promote the channel circulation by warming and good at treating cold-pain of the elbow and arm. 11
8
Xialian
Xia,
inferior; lian, edge.
The point 1S inferior to Shanglian at the dorsal side of the forearm,close to the radial aspect. LI 9
Shanglian Shang, superior; lian, edge. The point is superior to Xialian at the dorsal side of the
forearm ,close to the radial aspect. LI 10
Shousiinli Shou, upper limbs; san, numeral; Ii, used as cun in ancient
times. The point 1S 1n the upper limbs'. With the arm stretched, the point is 3 cun below Quchi.
- 45 Annex 8
11
Qiichi
Qu, With 15
crooked;
chi,
pool. the elbow, a depression like a pool
the arm flexed at the point
found and 12
is just in it.
L1
Zh6uliao Zhou, elbow; ~s
liao,
seam.
The point
at the elbow and close to the seam.
:.r
13
Sh6uwuli Shou,
=¥liJI! upper limbs; wu, numeral; Ii, used as cun ~n
ancient
:::imes.
The point
~s
~n
the upper limbs,
5 cun below Tianfu.
LI
14
Bin!lO Bi,
ffJll upper limbs; nao, 1S
muscle prominence of
the arm.
The point !.1
on the muscle prominence of the arm.
15
Jianyu Jian, shoulder; yu, corner. the shoulder.
The point :"1
is at the corner of
16
Jugu Ju, big; gu, bone. ~n
The clavicle is called Jugu lS
ancient times.
The point
close to the acromial end of the clavicle. 17
LI
Tianding Tian, heaven; to ding, name of an ancient utensil. like a utensil. Tian refers the heaven. The head looks
The point 11 18
is at Futii
the neck below the ear.
Fu,
nearby;
tu,
prominence. The point is by the
Tu refers
to prominentia laryngea.
side of the prominentia laryngea. LI 19
K6uheJia.o Kou, m'outh;
lJ~1IJ
he,
grain;
liao,
seam. the mouth. The point
The grain enters the stomach through 1 S
1n
the seam beside the mouth.
- 46 -
Annex 8 ---
L1
20
Yingxlang Ying, welcome; x1ang, fragrance. This point is close to the nose and is able to treat nose
disorders to improve the sense of smell and welcome the fragrance.
Stomach Meridian
s
Chengqi Cheng, receiving; qi, tears. like a region to The point is below the pupil of the eye,
rece1ve tears. 5 2
Sibai
5i, four directions; bai, brightness. This point is below the eye and able to treat eye disease to improve the vision so that brightness is seen in all directions. the four
s
3
Jilliao
Ju, great; 1iao, seam. The point is in the great seam at the junction of the superior maxillary bone and the zygomatic bone.
s
4
Dicang Di, earth; cang, granary. The five cereals grow on the earth. The grain enters into
the stomach through the mouth,
like entering into the granary. The
point 1S at the corner of the mouth.
s
5
DAying Da, the opposite of small; ying, welcome. (the extramaxil-
The point is by the side of Daying vessel laryartery).
s
6
Jiache
Jia, cheek; che, vehicle. Che refers to the mandible. The point is at the cheek, close to the mandibular angle.
i
-47. -
Annex 8
s
7
Xiaguan
xia,
lower;
guan,
pass. below where the point is
Guan refers to the zygomatic arch, located. S
8
T6uwei
Tau, head; wei, corner. The point is at the frontle corner of the head. S
9
Renying Ren,
Ai!!!. ying, welcome. (cephalic artery).
man~ind;
The point is by the side of Renying vessel S 10
Shuitii
*~
Shui, water-grain;
tu, passing. The point is at the neck, close
Water-grain refers to food.
to the esophagus where the food passes.
s
11
Qishe Qi, air; she, res idence.
Qi refers to the lung and stomach qi. The point is by the side of the trachea, S
like a residence of qi.
12
Quepen Que, depression; pen, name of a utensil. 1n where the Quepen refers to the supraclavicular fossa,
point
is located.
s
13
Qihu Qi, air; hu, door. The point is at the Qi refers to the lung and stomach qi.
superior part of the chest, door of q iS 14 Kufang Ku,
that's why the point is likened to a
$Jh side room.
storehouse; fang,
The respiratory qi stores in the lungs as if in the storehouse and runs from above to below, from the door. like entering into the side room
- 48 -
Annex 8
s
15
Wiiyi
Wu,
room; y1,
screening. where the
The point is at the middle part of the chest, respiratory qi looks as if screened Ln a deep room.
s
16
Yingchuang Ying, chest; chuang, window.
The point is in the chest,
S
17
Riizhong Ru, nipple;
11.
*
like a window of the chest.
zhong, middle. the nipple.
The point is in the middle of S
18
Rugen Ru, nipple;
.flAI gen, root.
The point 1S 1n the root of the nipple.
s
19
Bi1r6ng Bu, do not; The point
~~
rong,
containing. indicating that no more
1S
in the upper abdomen,
containing when the water-grain in the stomach reaches to this height. S
20
CMngman Cheng,
:iltillt standing; man, fullness. indicating that the water-
The point is in the upper abdomen, grain in the stomach has been full.
S
21
Liangmen Liang,
~n
grain; men,
door. indicating a door of the
The point is
in the upper abdomen,
grain into the stomach.
s
22
Guanmen Guan, pass; men, door. the stomach, the
The point is close to the lower region of
corresponding to a pass at ihe junction between the stomach and intestines, like a door.
- 49 -
Annex 8
S
23
Taiyi Tai, maximum; yi, one of the ten Heavenly Stems. The middle is considered as Taiyi in ancient times. Taiyi
is the Middle Palace of Hetu (the Eight Diagrams). The splcen is in the middle and the middle of the abdomen is likened to Taiyi. The point is in the lower part of the stomach, corresponding to the middle of the abdomen.
S
24
H~roumen
Hua,
fine;
rou, muscle; men,
door. The
Huarou refers to the preliminarily digested fine food.
point is 1 cun above the navel in where the food is distinguished into clearity and turbidity, like a door where the fine food passes through. S 25
Tianshii Tian, heaven; shu, pivot. The region above the navel is considered as the heaven,
pertaining to yang, while the region below the navel as earth, pertaining to yin. The point is level with the navel, correspondin3 to the pivot between the Heaven and the Earth.
S
26
WAiling Wai,
M-~
--
the opposite of interior; ling, hill.
The local prominence of the point is like a hill. S
27
Diljil
Da,
the opposite of small;
ju, great.
The point is at the greatest prominence of the abdominal wall. S 28
Shuidao
*1Il intestine
Shui, water; dao, passage. The deep region of the point corresponds to the small a water passage.
and close to the urinary bladder, pertaining to the lower jiao, like
- 50 -
Annex 8
S
29
Giiihii
Gui,
return;
lai,
arrival.
This point
is able to trea.t prolapse of uterus and hernia,
functioning in recovery.
s
30
QichOng Qi, channel qi; chong, pass.
The point is in the Qi Street and is a pass where the channel qi S
is 31
infused.
BiguAn Bi, thigh; guan, joint. joint.
The point is at the femoral
S
32
Futu Fu, sleeping posture; tu, rabbit. The prominence of the local muscle of the point looks like
a sleeping rabbit. S 33 Yinshi
Yin,
the opposite of yang;
shi, market. and shi means removal. The
Yin refers to pathogenic cold.
point is able to remove the pathogenic cold from the knee. S
34
Li<ingqiii
Liang, ridge of a hill; qiu. mound. The prominent muscle abobe the knee looks like the mound at the ridge of a hill, where the point S
is located.
35
Dubi Du. small cow; bi, nose.
The depression on both sides below the kneecap looks like a nostril of the small cow and the point S
is at the external nostril.
36
Zusanli
Zu, times.
lower limbs; san. ~umeral;
n
Ii. used as cun 1n ancient
The point 1S ln the lower limbs.
3 cun below the knee.
- 51 -
Annex 8
S
37
Shangjuxu Shang, upper; JU, great; xu, void. The point
Great void is formed between the tibia and fibula. is above the void. S
38
Tiaokou Tiao, long strip; kOUi clearance.
The point is in the clearance of the long strip between the fibula and S
tibia.
39
Xiajuxii Xia, lower: ju, great: xu, void.
Great void is formed between the tibia and the fibula. The point is below the void.
S
40
Fengl6ng·
*I!I
Feng, plentiful;
long, abundance. is plentiful and overflows
The grain qi of the Stomach Channel into the major Luo at this point. S
41
Jiexi lie, separation; xi, stream.
Xi refers to the minor depression on the body surface. The point is in the depression of the separated bone joints in the front of the articulatio ta10cruralis. S
42
ChOngy{mg Chong, pass: yang, the opposite of yin. is
The point is in the place where the Chongyang Channel located (arteria dorsalis pedis). S 43
Xiangu
~~
Xian, depression: gu, valley. Gu refers to the depression on the body surface. The point is in the depression of the second metatarsal bone. S
44
Neitlng Nei, interior: ting, court. like an indoor court.
This point is in the interior of Lidui,
- 52 Annex 8
S
45
Lidui
Li, stomach; dui, door. This point Stomach Channel. is at the end of the toe, like a door of the
Spleen Meridian
Zutaiyin Pljing Xue
Sp
Yinbili Yin, hidden; is bai, white. ~n
The point Sp 2
a hidden region, where the
flesh
~s
white.
Dadii Da,
the opposite of small;
*ill
du,
gathering. is infused.
The point
is at the big toe,
where the channel qi
SP
3
Taibai Tai, maximum; bai, The point is at white. flesh of the big toe, where the
the white
white flesh Sp
is wider.
4
G6ngsiin Gong, connection; sun, reticular collateral. from where the Spleen Channel
Sun refers to collaterals, connects with the Stomach Channel.
Sp
5
Shangqiii Shang,
ifti'E: one of the five sounds, pertaining to metal; qiu,
mound. This The point Sp 6 1S
a point of
the Spleen Channel and pertains
to metal.
is below the mound-like medial malleolus.
Sanyinjiao Sanyin, This 1S
three yin channels; a crossing point of
jiao,
crossing. the Liver
the Spleen Channel,
Channel Sp 7
and the Kidney Channel. Lougu Lou, point opening; gu, valley.
- 53 -
Annex 8
The point is in the valley-like depression at the posterior margin of the tibia. Sp
8
Diji Di, earth; ji, improtance. Di refers to the lower limbs where the point is located.
The local muscle is very thick and is an important region of the leg movement. Sp 9
Y-mlingquan Yin, the opposite of yang; ling, hill; quan, spring.
The interior is yin. The point is in the depression at the inferior margin of the epicondyle of the tibia as a spring at the bottom of the hills.
S P 10
Xu~hii
Jtn. if! sea.
Xue, blood: hai,
This point is good at treating blood diseases, like the gathered blood returning to the sea. SP 11
Jimen J i,
dustpan: men, door.
Sitting with both legs stretched is like a dustpan. The point is at the medial aspect of the thigh and symmetrical bilaterally, Sp 12 just like a door of the dustpan. Chongmen
/!fin
Chong, pass; men, door. The point is in the Qi Street and is an important door where channel qi passes. SP 13 FiishC:
Fu,
zang-fu: she. dwelling.
The deep region of the point is the abdominal cavity. which is a dwelling of zang-fu organs.
Sp 14
Fujie Fu,
11M abdomen; jie. stagnation.
This point is good at treating abdominal stagnation.
- 54 -
Annex 8
Sp 15 Da, the opposite of small; heng, the opposite of vertical. intestin~.
The point is internally horizontal to the large SP 16
Fu'ai
Fu, abdomen; ai, pain. This point is good at treating all kinds of abdominal pain. S P 17
Shidou
Shi, food; dou, hole. The point is infero-lateral to the nipple and 1S
provided
with a hole for storing milk in the deep region. This point is able to promote absorption of food nutrient and used for tonification. S P 18 Tianxi
T ian, he a v en; xi, s t ream. Tian refers to the heaven. The point space,like a stream. SP 18 1S
in the intercostal
Xi6ngxlang
I&J ~
Xiong, chest; xlang, region. This point is 1n the chest and able to treat chest diseases. Sp 20 Zh6ur6ng
Hll ~
Zhou, general; rong, nourishment. This point is able to harmonize nutrient qi and to nourish the general body. Sp 21
Dabao
*12
Da,
the opposite of small; baa, containing.
The point pertains to the Major Luo of the Spleen Channel. The spleen earth is in the middle and widely related to zang-fu organs.
Heart Meridian H
Shoushaoyin Xinjing Xue
Jjquan J i,
s u mm it; qua n, s p r in g . and the local depression lS
The point is below the armpit, like a spring.
- ss Annex 8
H
2
Qingling
it Jt ling, deity.
Qing, origination;
The heart is the officer of the monarch and functions in resustation and housing the mind, and originating the channel qi. H 3 ShAohii
-
~l¥
Shao, immaturity; hai, sea. Shao refers to Hand-Shaoyin Channel. This is the He-Sea Point of the Herat Channel. The channel qi, when arriving here, looks as if the water flowing into the sea. H 4
Lingdao
Xii
Ling, mind; dao, pathway. The heart dominates mind. The point 1S in the depression of the ulnar flexor muscle, like a pathway toward the God.
H
S
Tongli
Tong, relation; Ii,
interior. is diverged
From this point the collateral of this channel and related to the Small Intestine Channel. H 6
Y1nxl. Yin, the opposite of yang; xi, cleft.
This is the Xi-Cleft Point of the Heart Channel.
H
7
Sh~nm~n
:jill
n
Shen, mind; men, door. The heart houses the mind. This point is a door of the heart mind. H 8 Shaofli ~ Irf
Shao, youthful; fu, place. The point pertains to the Heart Channel, where the channel q1 is infused. H 9 Shaochong ~
lIP impulse.
Shao, youthful; chong,
The point is at the impUlsing place of the Heart Channel, where the channel qi is originated.
- S6 Annex 8 Small Intestine Meridian Shoutaiyang Xiaochangjing Xu~
:lJ'.:t JIB 11\ Ii ~ 1t Sl Sh~lOze
Shao, youthful; ze, marsh. The point pertains to the Small Intestine Channel, where the channel qi is originated, like a small marsh. Sl 2 Qi{lDgu
Qian,
the opposite of back;
gu, valley.
The depression of the 5th metacarpophalangeal joint on the front is Sl 3 HOllXi
deep as a valley, where the point is located.
Hou,
the opposite of front;
xi, ditch. joint on the
The depression of the 5th metacarpophalangeal back is Sl 4
deep as a ditch, where the point is located. Wangii
Wan, wrist; gu, bone. The point is in between the bones of the wrist. Sl 5 Yanggi'i
Yang,
the opposite of yin; gu, valley.
The exterior is yang. The seam at the wrist is like a valley, where the point is located. Sl 6 Yiingliio
Yang, nourishing;
lao, old.
This point is, good at treating senile frequently encountered diseases such as blurring of vision, pain. 51 7 ZhIzheng
deafness,
lambago and shoulder
Zhi, divergence; zheng, regular channel. The collateral of the Small Intestine Channel from this point to the Heart Channel. 51 8 Xiiiohai
is diverged
Xiao,
small; hai, sea.
- 57 -
Annex 8
Xiao refers to the Small Intestine Channel. This is a He-Sea Point of the Small Intestine Channel and like water into the sea when qi and blood arrive at SI this point. flowin~
9
liinzhen Jian, shoulder: zhen, first. the Small Intestine Channel
This is the first point where enters the shoulder. SI 10
Naosbii
Sa shu, point. is
Nao, muscle prominence of the upper arm;
The point is in the upper arm, where the channel qi infused. S III
Tiiinzong Tian,
** the upper part; zong, respect. ~JiQ.
This is an important point in the upper part of the body. SI 12
Bingteng
Bing, receiving;
feng,
pathogenic wind.
The point is in the place where is easily attacked by the pathogenic wind. SI 13
Qiiyuan Qu,
M 1S
crooked; yuan, wall. as crooked as wall, where the
The spine of the scapula point is located. SI 14
liiinwaishii Jian, shoulder: wai, lateral aspect; shu, point.
The point is at the shoulder, aspect at SI 15
corresponding to the lateral
the medial margin of the scapula.
]iinzhongshD Jian,
II /fI* interior: shu, point. corresponding to the medial
shoulder; zhong,
The point is at the shoulder, margin of SI 16
the scapula.
Tianchuang Tian,
5ICW chuang, window.
upper part:
The point is at the neck and indicates ear disease and opens into the ear as the "heavenly window".
- 58 -
SI
17
Tianr6ng
7C$ abundance. is abundant.
Tian, upper part; rang, The point SI 18
is at the head, where the channel qi
Quinliao Quan, The point
•• cheek; ~s
liao,
seam. the zygomatic bone.
1n the seam of
SI
19
Tmggong
1JIj-1f palace. ~s
Ting, hearing; gong,
Tinggong refers to the ear. The point indicates ear disease.
at the ear and
Bladder Meridian
J!:tIlJ".R
B
Jiogming Jing, eye; ming, brightness. The point is at the eye region and able to clear the eyes.
B
2
CuAnzhu (ZAnzhu) Zan,
.17 zhu, bamboo.
gathered;
The point is at the eyebrow, which grows thickly as the gathered bamboo leaves. B
3
Meichong Mei, eyebrow; chong, upward.
The point is at the anterior hairline directly above the eyebrow.
B
4
QucM (Quchii) Qu, crooked; chai, unevenness. This channel gets crooked and lateral from this point and
then runs posteriorly and manifested in unevenness. B 5
WiichiJ Wu, This fifth; chu, place.
is the fifth place where the Urinary Bladder Channel
is located.
- S9 -
Annex 8
B
6
Ch~ngguang
Cheng, receiving; guang, brightness. The point is at the vertex where is easy to receive brightness. B
7
T6ngtiin Tong, reaching; tian, heaven.
The upper part is considered as the heaven. The point is at head and connects upward with the vertex. B
8
Lu6que Luo, relation; que, return. The channel qi enters into interior from this point to
relate to the brain a'nd then returns . .- ---.... _. .,..--- .. -. - B 9, YUzhen 3Ltt
__
Yu,
jade; zhen, pillow.
The ancient name of the occipital bone is "Yuzhengu" and the point is above it.
S
10
Tilnzhu
~tt
Tian, heaven; zhu, pillar. The upper part is considered as heaven. The cervical vertebra is called "Zhugu" in ancient times and the point is lateral to it. B
11
Dazhil Da, the opposite of small; zhu, reed.
The first thoracic vertebra is bigger, and the spinous process is like a reed, and the point is lateral to it. B
12
Fengmen Feng, pathogenic wind; men, door. The point is in the place where is easily attacked by the
pathogenic wind and the point is good at treating the diseases caused by the pathogenic wind, B 13 Feishil _.
therefore, the point is considered
as the door of the pathogenic wind.
Fei, back.
lung; shu, infusion.
This point is the place where the lung qi is infused on the
- 60 -
Annex 8 B
14
Jueyinshii Jueyin, the end of the two yin channels, referring to the
pericardium; shu,
infusion. LS
This point is the place where the pericardium qi on the body surface of the back. B 15
infused
Xinshil
b1ftr shu, infusion. LS
X in, heart;
This point 16
the place where the heart qi 1S infused on the
body surface of the back. B
Dilshii Du, Du Channel; shu, infusion. This point is the place where the Du Channel qi is infused.
B
17
Geshii Ge, diaphragm; shu, infus ion. This point is the place where the diaphragm q1 lS
infused
on the body surface of the back. B
18
Ganshil Gan, 1 iver; shu, infus ion. This point is the place where the liver qi is infused on
the body surface of the back. B 19
Danshil
/lIi ftr
Dan, ga-l bladder; shu, infusion. This point is the place where the gall bladder qi on the body surface of the back. B lS
infused
20
Pishii pi, spleen; shu, infusion. This point is the place where the spleen qi is infused on
the body surface of the back. B 21
Weishu Wei, stomach; shu, infusion. This is the place where the stomach qi 1S
infused on the
body surface of the back.
- 61 -
Annex 8
B
22
SiinV~ "shii
Sanjiao, sanjiao; shu,
infusion. 1S
This point is the place where the sanjiao qi the body surface of the back. B
infused on
23
Shenshii
~jtr
Shen, kidney; shu, infusion. This point is the place where the kidney qi the body surface of the back. B 24 Qihiishii Qihai, sea of the primary qi; shu, infusion. 1S
infused on
This point should be called Qihai, where the primary qi is infused on the body surface of the back. B 25 DacMngshil Dachang, large intestine; shu, infusion. 1S
This point is the place where the large intestine ql infused on the body surface of the back. B 26
Guanyuanshil
~jC* i~fusion.
Guan, storage; yuan, primary qi; shu,
This point should be called Guanyuan, where the primary yin and primary yang qi are stored and infused on the body surface of the back.
B
27
Xiiochangsbu
IJ'JUr shu, infusion.
Xiaochang, small intestine;
•
This is the place where the small intestine qi is infused on the body surface of the back. B 28
Pangguingshil If
Iff" --,
Pangguan, urinary bladder; shu,
infusion.
This point is the place where the urinary bladder qi is infused on the body surface of the back. B 29
ZhonglOsbii Zhong, middle; lu, spinal muscle; shu, infusion. This point is in the middle part of the body, where the
spinal muscle qi is infused on the body surface of the back.
- 62 Annex 8
B 30
Bflihuanshi! Bai, white; huan, ring; shu, point. This point may treat female leukorrhagia.
B 31
Shangliao
...t • liao, seam.
Shang, the opposite of lower;
This point is at the highest posterior sacral foramen. B 32
Ciliao Ci, second; liao, seam. The point is at the second posterior sacral foramen.
B 33
Zhongliao
I:j:IU
Zhong, middle; liao, seam. The point is at the third posterior sacral foramen, corresponding to the middle part. B 34
XiAliao
rU
Xia, the opposite of upper; liao, seam. The point is at the lowest posterior sacral foramen. B 35 H uiyilng ~ IIa
Hui, crossing; yang, the opposite of yin. This point pertains to yang channel and is crossed with the Du Channel which is considered as the sea of the yang channels. B 36 Cb6ngf'u' ~~
Cheng, receiving; fu,
support .
•
This point is on the upper section of the femur at the
midpoint of the buttock crease, functioning in receiving and supporting the body weight. B 37
Y-mmen Yin,
lin thickness; men, door. LS
The local muscle of the point B 38 Fuxi
thick, and the point is
a door where the Urinary Bladder Channel passes. Fu, downstream; xi, hole. The channel qi flows downward from the posterior aspect of the femur and enters into the hole.
- 63 -
Annex 8
B 39
Weiy{mg
~Ila
Wei, crooked; yang, the opposite of y1n. The exterior pertains to yang. The point is lateral to Weizhong on the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa. B 40
Weizhong
~ I:j:I
Wei, crooked; zhong, middle. The point is at the midpoint on the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa. B 41 Filten
Fu, appended; fen, separation. The Urinary Bladder Channel runs downward bilaterally from the neck. This point is at the head of the second line appending to the side of the first line. B 42 Pohu
Po, soul; hu, door. The lung stores the soul. The point is parallel with Feishu, like a door of the lung qi. B 43
GiiohuAog
••
Gao, fat; huang, membrane. Gaohuang refers to the fat and membrane below the heart, but above the diaphragm. Since this part is close to the pericardium. it is taken as the component of the pericardium. The point is parallel with Jueyinshu. -SMntAng
B 44
:tIP.
Shen, mind; tang, hall. The heart houses the mind. The point is parillel with Xinshu, like a hall where the mind is housed. B 45 Ylxi
Yixi. the sighing sound. Ask the patient to sigh during location of the point, and the local region of the point responds to the fingers.
- 64 -
Annex 8
B 46
Geguan
~;}C
Ge, diaphragm;
guan, pass.
The point is parallel with Geshu and therefore is likened to the pass for B 47 treating diaphragm disorders. ~n
Hunmen Hun,
soul; men, door. The point ~s
The liver stores the soul. like a door of the liver qi.
parallel with Ganshu,
B 48
Yangging Yang,
ISH iK gang, importance. The point ~s
the opposite of yin;
The gall bladder pertains
to yang.
parallel with
Dansh and is important to treat gall bladder diseases. B 49 Yishe
Yi,
emotion; she,
residence. The point 1S
The spleen stores emotion.
parallel with Pishu,
like a residence of the spleen qi.
B 50
Weicang Wei,
'I!J ft stomach; cang, storehouse. The stomach dominates
The point is parallel with Weishu. receiving of food, B 51
like a storehouse.
Huangmen Huang, membrane; men, door. The point is parallel with Sanjiaoshu, like a door of the
membrane qi. B 52 Zhlshi
Zhi, mind;
shi, dwelling. The point is parallel with
The kidney stores the mind. Shenshu, B 53
like a dwelling of the kidney qi.
Baohuang
JJe!l!i is parallel
Bao, bag; huang, membrane. Bao refers to the urinary bladder. The point with Pangguangshu.
- 65 Annex - -8 -
B 54
Zhibian
~:iZI
Zhi, order; bian, edge. The Back-Shu points of the Urinary Bladder Channel are arrallgcd In order. This point is at the lowest position. B 55
Heyang
i;- JlB
He, confluence; yang,
the opposite of yin. from where it IS
The channel runs downward from the neck,
separated into two lines, after meeting at Weizhong with the channel, it travels gradually down and up. B 56 Chengjin if( jlJj
The upper is considered as yang.
Cheng,
support;
jin, muscle.
The point is in the gastrocnemius muscle, which is an important muscle below the leg ,to support the upper muscles. B 57 Chengshan
*ill
Cheng, support, shan, mountain. The two bellies of the gastrocnemius muscle are prominent as the mountain and the point is below them for supporting purpose. B 58
Feiyang
tm the opposite of yin. the lateral aspect of
Fei, flying; yang,
The exterior is yang. The point is at
the leg and the channel flies out from this point to the Kidney Channel. B 59
Fuyang
ffl ru the opposite of yin. the
Fu,
tarsus; yang,
The exterior and superior are yang. The point is at L'f, ~
superior aspect of the tarsus at the lateral aspect of the leg. B 60
Kunlun
Kunlun, name of the mountain. The lateral malleolus is high and likened to a mountain, behind where the point is located.
- 66 -
Annex 8
B 61
Pucan (Pusbcn) Pu,
{~.
servant;
can,
paying respects. the heel, and is easy
The point is at the lateral aspect of
to be exposed when the servant pays respects.
B 62
Shenmai
IfI Jj channel.
Shen, extending; mai,
The point pertains to the Urinary Bladder Channel. From this point B 63 the channel extends Jinm~h
to the yangqiao Channel.
i: f1 name of yang; men, door.
Jin,
The point pertains to Urinary Bladder Channel and is a start point of Yangwei Channel, Channel. B 64
as if entered into the door of
the Yangwei
Jinggil Jinggu 1S
t\1It an ancient name of the tuberosity of the 5th
metatarsus. The point is at 5th metatarsus. B 65
the lateral aspect of
the tuberosity of the
Shugii Shugu is an ancient name of the head of the 5th metatarsus. The point is at the lateral and inferior aspect of the head of
the 5th metatarsus.
B 66
Zl1tolligQ Zu, foot; tong, passing; gu, valley. which is depressive
The point is as a valley,
in the depression of the foot,
through where the channel qi passes. M~
B 67
ZhlyIn Zhi,
reaching; yin,
the opposite of yang. This 19
Yin refers to the Foot-Shaoyin Channel.
the end point
of the Urinary Bladder Channel of Foot-Taiyang and from here reaching to the Foot-Shaoyin Channel.
- 67 -
Annex 8
Kidney l1eridian
Z~sh~oyin Sh~njing Xu,
K
Yongquan Yong, gushing; quan, spring. The point LS
The welled up water is called gushing spring. on the sole and spring. K 2 RAngu ~~
the channel qi flows
below to above as a gushing
Ran,
rangu;
gu, valley. tubercle of the
The point navicular bone,
is Ln the depression below the as staying in a valley.
K
3
TAixi Tai, great: xi, The point is creek.
in the depression between the medial melleolus as staying in a big creek.
and
the Achille's tendon,
K
4
Dh/tong Da, The point
*4IP zhong, heel. 15
the opposite of small:
on the heel and is named Dazhong because the
calcaReous bone is big.
K
5
Shuiquan Shui,
**
water;
quan,
spring. The kidney dominates the Kidney
The water spring means water source. water metabolism. Channel and able This point
is a Xi-Cleft Point of
to treat dripping of urine.
K
6
Zhaohiii Zhao,
.lIt! 7i shining; hai, sea. is abundant
The point pertains to the Kidney Channel and qi as sea, indicating that the real
y.ng of the kidney may shine the
whole body.
K
7
FilliU Fu, deep;
1J[ II
I iu,
flowing.
- 68 -
Annex 8
The point is above Zhaohai,
refering to the channel qi flowing
into the "sea" and then coming out and continuing the flowing. K 8
Jiiloxm Jiao, crossing; xin, belief. (benevolence, loyalty, intelXin is one of the five elements
ligence and belief), pertaining to earth and refering to the spleen. The channel qi is crossed with the Spleen Channel at this point.
K
9
Zhubin Zhu, strong; bin, knee and leg. The point is on the medial aspect of the leg and able to
strengthen the knee and leg. K 10
Yin,
the opposite of yang;
gu, valley.
The interior is yin. The point is at the medial aspect of the knee joint and the local depression is like a valley. K 11 H~nggu
Hengu
15
the ancient name of the pubis.
The point is on the superior margin of the Hengu. K 12
Da,
the opposite of small; he,
illustrious.
Illustrious and great.
This point is the confluence of the
Chong Channel of Foot-Shaoyin and is a place where the primary qi in the lower jiao is plentiful. K 13
Qixue Qi, vital energy; xue, Qi refers room. The point is by the side of is stored. to the kidney qi.
Guanyuan, K 14
like a room where the kidney qi
Sim4n Si, This fourth; is man, fullness.
the 4th point of the Kidney Channel entering into the distension.
abdomen, and able to treat abdominal
I ,
I 1
- 69 Annex 8
K 15
ZhOngzhii
If it zhu, pouring.
Zhong, middle;
The Kidney Channel qi from this point pours into the middle j iao.
K 16
HuAngshii
_* shu, infus ion.
Huang, membrane;
The kidney qi infuses from this point into the Huang membrane. K 17
Sh4ngqil
__ dfJ
Shang, one of the five sounds, pertaining to metal; qu, bend. Shang is metal sound and the large intestine pertains to metal. This point is K 18
internally opposite to the intestinal bend.
Shiguan Shi, stone; guan, Stone means hard. importance. This is an important point to treat
abdominal hard diseases. K 19 ¥mdii Yin, the opposite of yang; du, gathering.
Yin refers to the abdomen and the yin channel. The point is jn the abdomen where the water-grain is gathered. K 20
Futonggu
Fu, abdomen;
tong,
passing; gu, water-grain. through where the water-grain
The point is in the abdomen, passes. K 21 Youmeo
an deep; men, door.
You,
The lower orifice of the stomach is called Youmen. The deep region of the point is close to Youmen. K 22 Billing Bu, step; lang, corridor.
The point is by the side of Zhongting. The channel qi, when arriving here, of the court. looks loke stepping in the corridor on both sides
- 70 -
Annex 8
K 23
Shenicng Shen,
:pjr~
heart;
feng,
pertaining. is located is the pertaining of
The region where the heart.
the point
K 24
LingxU Ling, heart; xu, mound. internally to the heart and locates like a mound.
The point relates
externally on the muscle prominence, which looks K 25
Shencang Shen, heart; cang, housing.
The point 1S the place where the mind is housed.
K 26
Yuzhong Yu,
!il$ zhong, middle. The point is at the place where the
luxuriance;
Yu means luxuriant. kidney qi K 27 Shiifii
is
lu~uriant
when running 1n the chest.
Shu,
infusion;
fu,
fu organ. from this point into the the fu organs.
The kidney qi infuses
Pericardium Meridian
Sh5uju~y!n Xinbiojing Xu~ ".lJlt'f!U!~
p
Tianchi Tian, heaven; chi, pool. to the nipple and the milk of the
The point is lateral nipple flows out as
if from the heavenly pool.
P
2
TianqUlin
:R7'ii quan, spring. from Tianchi flows downward as
Tian, heaven;
The channel qi originated
the spring water coming down from the heaven. P
3
Quze Qu, crooked; ze, marsh. infuses into the shallow depression of the the marsh.
The channel qi elbow as
the water running into
. f
,
I •
I
- 71 -
Annex 8
P
4
Ximen Xi, hole; men, door. This is a Xi-Cleft Point of the Pericardium Channel, and 1S
a door of the present channel qi coming in and going out. p
5
Jianshi Jian, space; shi, offical. The point pertains to the Pericardium Channel and is between
the spaces of the two tendons. Since the pericardium is the officer of the envoys, it is named Jianshi. P
6
Neiguan Nei, the opposite of outer; guan, pass. The point is in the important place at the medial aspect of
the forearm like a pass. p
7
DAling Da, the opposite of small, ling, mound. The protrusion of the palmar root is high as a big mound and
the point is 1n the depression at the medial aspect of the wrist. P 8
t.aogc;ng-
;y.*
Lao, labour; gong, centre. The hand is in charge of labour. Lao refers to the hand. The point is in the centre of the palm. p
9
Zhongchong Zhong, middle; chong, important place. The point is in the important place of the middle fingernail. Triple Energizer Meridian Shoushaoyang Sinjiaojing Xue .~JBE •• R
TE 1
Guiinchong
~lIP
Guan, same as bend; chong, important place. The ring finger can not be stretched alone. Guan refers to the ring finger and the point is in the important place of the ring fingernail.
-
72 -
Annex 8
n:
2
Yemen Ye, This water; men, door.
is a Rong-Spring Point of the present channel, pertaining and able to regulate water passages, like a door where
to water,
the water comes 1n and goes out. TE 3
ZhOngzhu Zhong, middle; The point is du, water margin.
in the middle of the Five-Shu Points and the
channel qi runs like water flowing along the water margin. TE 4
Yilngchi Yang,
ISH ilk the opposite of yin; is chi, pool.
The point the channel TE 5 Waiguan
in the depression on the back of the wrist and like water flowing into a pool.
qi runs ~~;k
Wai,
the opposite of inner; is
guan,
pass.
The point of the TE 6
in the important place on the lateral aspect
forearm like a pass. Zhigou Zhi, limbs; y:~
gou, ditch. to the upper limbs. The point is between the radius
Zhi refers
and ulna on the upper limbs. TE 7
Huizong
~*
Hui, meeting; This place where TE 8
zong, gathering.
is a Xi-Cleft Point of the present channel and 1S a the channel qi is gathered.
SanyanglUQ
Sanyang,
three yang channels of Hand;
luo,
connection.
TE
9
This point connects the Sidu 11Y~ Si , four'; du, river.
three yang channels.
The Yangze River,
the Yellow River, in ancient reaches
the Huaih~ River and
the is able
Jishui River are called Sidu to irrigate more
times. The channel qi to this point.
regions when it
II
- 73 -
Annex 8
TE
10
Tianjing
Tian,
heaven;
jing, well. to the heaven. The point is 1n the
The superior refers
olecranon of the upper limbs and TEll
is depressed as a well.
Qinglengyuiin
iWi'tiIIC leng, cold; yuan, deep water. the heat from Sanjiao as if
Qing,
cool;
This point is able to reduce
the patient entered into a cooling deep water. T~:
12
Xiaoluo
Wftat eliminating; luo, soreness, pain and weakness. pain and weakness is good at treating soreness,
Xiao,
This point of TE
the limbs. 13
Naohui
.~ hui, confluence.
Nao, muscle prominence of the arm;
The point is at the muscle prominence of the arm and 1S a confluence of the present channel with Yangwei Channel. TE
14
Jianli{1O
lian,
shoulder;
liao,
seam.
The point is in a seam on the shoulder. TEl 5
Tianliao
:;E. liao, seam. The point 1S 1n a
Tian, heaven;
The superior refers to the heaven. seam above TEl 6
the shoulder blade.
Tiiny6u
:;Ell
Tian, heaven; you, window. The superior refers to the heaven. Tianyou means heavenly
window. The point is superior to the neck and good at opening the upper aperture, TE 17
so it is likened to the heavenly window.
Yileng Yi. shielding; feng, pathogenic wind.
The point is behind the earlobe where 1S for shielding the pathogenic wind.
- 74 Annex 8 TE 18 Chlmlii (Qimai) .~
Qi,
convulsion; mai,
collateral.
The point is behind the ear where the collaterala are distributed and TE is good at treating convulsion.
19
Luxi Lu, skull; xi, ~s
relieving the mind.
The point TE
on the skull and able to relive the mind.
20
Jiaosiin Jiao, corner; sun, reticular collateral. corresponding to the upper
The point is in the temple,
corner above the ear where the reticular channels are distributed. TE 21
Ermen Er, v
-
ear; men, ~s
door. ~n
The point TE
the front
of ear like a door of the ear.
22
Erhelifio Er, ear; he, harmony; I iao, seam.
The point
is in the depression in the front of tragicus the sound.
and able to harmonize TE 23 Sizhukong
Sizhu,
thready bamboo; kong,
space.
The point in a
is at the lateral end of the eyebrow and shaped The local region of the point is in the
thready bamboo.
shallow depression.
Gall Bladder Meridian
G
T6ngziliflo Tongzi, pupil; is liao, seam.
The point and horizontal G
In a
seam on the outer canthus of the eye
to the pupil.
2
TInghui Ting, The hearing; hui, gathering. of the ear and is In charge of the ear is gathered.
point is
in front
hearing,
and
is a place where the channel qi at
- 75 -
Annex 8
G
3
Shangguan
Shang, upper; guan, border. Guan refers to the zygomatic arch. The point is at the upper margin of the zygomatic arch. G
4
Hanyan
Han, mandible; yan, obedience. The point is at the temple and obeys the mandible during chewing. G
5
XwinlU Xuan, suspended; lu, skull. The point is at the temple as if suspended on both sides
of the skull. G 6
XuAnli
••
Xuan, suspended; Ii, long hair. The point is at the temple among the suspended long hair. G 7
Qiibin
l1li.
Qu, crooked; bin, hair at the temple. The point is at the crooked hairline at the temple abobe the ear. G 8
Shuaigii
*~
Shuai, command; gu, valley. The point is above the ear and G Tianchong 15
the chief commander of
all the points with the name of gu (valley). 9
7i: /If!
Tian, heaven; chong, important place. Tian refers to the hend. The point is on the both sides of the head and is an important place where the present channel runs. G 10
Flibai Fu, superficial; bai, white. The point is on the superficial portion of the body and
functions in clearing the mind and brightening the eyes.
- 76 -
Annex 8 -----
G 11
T6uqiaoyin Tau, head; qiao, opening; yin, the opposite of yang.
The kidney and the liver pertain to yin and open into the ear and eye. eye diseases. G 12 Wangu ~1.f
The point
is at
the head and able to treat ear and
Wangu,
mastoid process of is at
the temporal bone.
The point the G 13
the lower margin of the mastoid process of
temporal bone behind the ear. BensMn
*l$ shen, mind.
Ben, essential;
The point is lateral to Shenting by the side of the anterior hairline. The interior is the region where the brain is located and the residence of the mind. The brain dominates the
is considered as mind and G 14
is the essential of the human body.
Yangbai
Yang,
the opposite of yin; The point
bai, brightness. is at the head and able to
The head is yang. brighten the eye. G 15
T6ulinqi Tau, head; lin, is at regulation; qi, tears. to treat lacrimation.
The point G 16
the head and able
Muchuang Xu, eye; chuang, window. is above the eye at the head and good at treating
The point eye disorders, G 17
like a window of
the eye.
Zhengying Zhengyifig, This point fright and fear. treating mental disorders such as
is good at
fright
and
fear.
- 77 -
Annex 8
Gl 8
Chengling
~X
Cheng, support; ling, mind. The brain dominates the mind, so the par~etal
bone is also
called crown bone and the point is just lateral and inferior tu it.
G 19
Niokong
.~
Nao, brain; kong, cavity. The point is lateral to the occipital bone and internally relates to the brain and is good at treating cerebropathy. G 20 Fengc:hi
JiG. ill!
Feng, pathogenic wind; chi, pool. The point is below the occipital bone and the local depression is deep as a pool, and is an important point to eliminate the pathogenic wind. G 21
JiinjiDg Jian, shoulder; jing, well. The point is on the shoulder and the local depression is
deep as a well.
G 22
Yulnye
••
Yuan, gulf; ye, armpit. The armpit is deep as gulf. The point is below the axilla.
G 23
Zhepn
.115
Zhe, ear of cart; jin, muscle. The ear of the cart is the wheel protection plate of the cart. The muscles on both sides of the flanks are·prominent as the cart ear, where the point is located. G 24
Riyue Ri,
BJJ sun; yue, moon. indicating the gall bladder, while yue is yin,
Ri is yang,
indicating the liver. This is an important point to treat liver and gall bladder diseases.
- 78 Annex 8
G 25
Jingmen Jing, same as "yuan"; men, ddor. the Kidney Channel, which
This is a Mu-Front Point of
dominates the primary qi of the general body. The point is located at the door where the kidney qi comes G 26 Daimai in and goes out.
'lll'Mchannel. Bladd~r
Oai, waist belt; mai,
The point pertains to the Gall the Oai Channel. G 27 Wushii
Channel and meets at
Ji.-l« five; shu, pivot. is a middle number and shaoyang governs nume~ali.~
Wu, The the pivot.
The point is in the important place at the middle part
of the body. G 28 Weidao
ttl!
Wei, maintain; dao, passage. This point is the meeting point of the Gall Bladder Channel and the Oai Channel, which maintains all the channels.
G 29
JiiliAo
Ju,
reside;
liao, hipbone.
The point is in the depression above the hipbone. G 30 HuAntiao $~
Huan,
circumflexus;
tiao,
leap. LS
The point is
in the upper part of the buttock, which
the
leaping pivot of the circumflexus. G 31 Fengshi Feng, }5«. i1r
pathogenic wind;
shi, market. This LS an important
Market means gathering and dispersing. point G 32
to remove the pathogenic wind. Zhongdu
If! i~ du, small ditch. tendons at the lateral aspect of
Zhong, middle; The point tIle thigh, is
in between the
as if in a ditch.
- 79 -
Annex 8
G 33
Xiyangguan Xi, knee; yang, J!lUU~
the opposite of yin; guan,
joint.
The point is at the lateral aspect of the knee joint. G 34 Yanglingquan
Yang. the opposite of yin;
ling, mound; quan, spring.
The exterior is yang. The head of the fibula at the lateral aspect of the knee is prominent as a mound, below wherein the depression the point is located, like a spring. G 35 J!B~
Yfmgjiao
Yang, the opposite of yin;
jiao, crossing.
The exterior is yang. The point is at the lateral aspect of the leg, where crosses with the Urinary Bladder Channel. G 36
WaiqiO
M-.Ii
Wai, the opposite of inner; qiu, mound. The point is above the the lateral malleolus and the local muscle is prominent as a mound. G 37
Guangmlng
~~
Guangming, brightness. This is a Luo-Connecting Point of the Gall Bladder Channel and is good at treating eye disease to see the brightness. G 38
Yangfii
J!B$iI the opposite of yin; fu, auxilliary.
Yang,
The exterior is yang and fu refers to the fibula. The point is at the lateral aspect of the leg at the anteripr margin of the fibula. G 39
Xuflnzhong
A til' zhong, bell.
Xuan, hanging;
The point is above the lateral malleolus, where the children in ancieni times used to hand a bell. G 40
Qiiiltii
.liM
Qiu, mound; xu, big mound. The point is between the lateral malleolus and the calc is bone.
- 80 Annex 8
G 41
ZIWnqi Zu,
foot;
lin, regulation; qi,
tears.
The point is at the foot and is able to treat lacrimation. G 42 Diwuhul
:I!P..lii> five; hui, confluence. There are five indicating the foot.
Di, ground; wu,
The ground is inferior,
points of the Gall Bladder Channel on the foot. them and lower. 1S
This point is among
a confluence of the channel qi in the upper and in the
G 43
Xiaxi Xia, same as "jia"; xi, ditch. 1S
The point
in the space between the 4th and the 5th toes.
The local region is like a ditch. G 44
Zuqiil.Oyin Zu, foot; qiao, opening; yin, the opposite of yang.
The kidney and the liver pertain to yin and open into the ear and the eye. The point is on the foot and able to treat ear and eye disorders.
Liver Meridian
Zujueyin Ganjing Xue
tiv 1
Dadiin
*~
Da,
the opposite of small; dun,
thickness.
Da refers to the big toe.
The point is at the medial aspect
of the big toe and the muscle is thick.
Li v 2
Xingjian
fj fii]
Xing, walking;
jian, middle.
The point is in the web between the 1st and the 2nd metatarsophalangeal Li v 3 Taichong
joints. The channel qi runs between them.
j(/tl> important place. The channel qi is abundant and
Tai, same as "da"; chong, The point 1S
on the foot.
this is an important place of the present channel.
- 81 -
Annex 8
Liv
4
Zhongfeng
Zhong, middle;
feng,
earth gathered into a mound.
The point is between the two malleolus as if in the mound. Liv 5 Ligou .~
Li, shell: gou, ditch. The external shape of the gastrocnemius muscle looks like a shell and the point is in the ditch at the anterior aspect of it. Li v 6 ZhongdQ
*_
Zhong, middle: du, confluence. The point is in the middle on the medial aspect of the leg and is a confluence of the Liver Channel qi.
Li v
7
. Xiguiln
I/l~
Xi, knee: guan, joint. The point is in vicinity of the knee Liv 8
joint.
Qiiquan
db*
Qu, crooked; quan, spring. The point is at the medial end of the transverse crease of the popliteal fossa. With the knee flexed, like a spring. Liv 9 Ylnbao Yin, the opposite of yang: bao, same as "bao". the local depression is
The interior is yin. Bao refers to the uterus. The point is at the medial aspect of the thigh and indicates the uterus disease. Liv 10 Zuwi'ili
Zu, lower limbs; wu, numeral; times. The point is ~n
Ii, used as cun in ancient
the lower limbs, 5 cun above Qimen.
L i vII
V-mlian Yin,
J:lJI the opposite of yang; lian, edge. genitali~
The interior is yin. The point is at the edge of the on the medial aspect of the thigh.
- 82 Annex 8
Li v
12
Jimai li, urgent; mai, is at artery. the medial aspect of the thigh. The local
The point artery respond Li v 13
to the hand.
Zhiingmeo Zhang,
.n
screen; men,
door. like a door screen1ng
The point
is below the hypochondrum,
the internal organs.
Li v
14
Qimen Qi, period; men, door. The point it
The flanks on both sides are like the open door. 1S 1n the intercostal space.
When the channel qi reaches here, the point
is considered as one period. Therefore,
is named Qimen.
Governor Vessel Meridian
Dumai Xue
GV
Chimgqiang Chang, the opposite of short; column is q1ang, the opposite of weakness.
The spinal lower end of the GV 2 Yiioshfi
long and strong. The point
is at the
spinal column.
BUr low back; 1S
Yao,
shu,
infusion. low back, where the channel qi 1S
The point GV
1n the
infused.
3
Yiioyangguin
H:* the opposite of yin; guan, joint. is yang. The point pertains to the Du Channel the low back, like the lumbar
Yao,
low back; yang,
The Du Channel and locates at the
turning
region of
joint. GV
4
Mingmen Ming, life; men, is the door. source of the life. The point is 1n between
The kidney Shenshu,
corresponding to
the door of the kidney q1.
- 83 -
Annex 8
GV
5
Xuanshii
Am
Xuan, suspended; shu, pivot. The point is 1n the low back. When lying supine, the local region is suspended as a pivot for lumbar movement.
GV
6
JizlWng
• If:!
Ji, spine; zhong, middle. The spine consists of 21 vertebrae. The point is below the 11th vertebra and just 1n the middle.
GV
7
ZhOngshii
If:Im
Zhong, middle; shu, pivot. The point is below the 10th vertebra, corresponding to the pivot in the middle part of the spine.
GV
8
Jinsuo
•• spasm.
Jin, muscle; suo,
This point is able to treat all kinds of muscle spasms.
GV
9
Zhlyang Zhi, reaching; yang, the opposite of yin. the channel The point is level with the diaphragm, when
qi arrives, "yin "yang within yang" GV 10
within yang" below the diaphragm reaches to above the diaphragm.
Lfngtai
Jt it that's why this point
Ling, spirit; tai, platform. The point is below Shendao and Xinshu,
is likened to the spirit's platform of the heart. GV 11
ShendAo
'MIll
Shen, mind; dao, pathway. The heart houses the mind and the point is lateral to Xinshu, GV
like a pathway of the mind. Sbenzhu ~~ ~hu,
12
Shen, body;
pillar.
The point is below the 3rd thoracic vertebra and connects upward with the head and the neck and downward with the back and the lumbus. like a pillar of the general body.
- 84 -
Annex 8
GV
i j
rao, moulding; dao, way. Qi of zang-fu organs is gathered at the Du Channel and goes upward from this way. GV 14 DAzhui
*:fl
Da, big;
zhui, vertebra.
The prominence of the 7th cervical vertebra is clear and the point is below it. GV
15
Yarnen
I!lf.n
Ya, muteness; men, door. This point may either cause or treat muteness, and so is likened to a door of muteness. GV
16
Fcngfii
Feng, pathogenic wind; fll,
pI ace.
This point is able to eliminate the pathogenlc ,.i.nd. GV
17
NaohiJ
Nao, brain; hu, door. The Du Channel runs upward along the spine and enters into the brain. The point is below the occipital protuberance, corresponding to a door where the channel qi enters the brain. GV 1 8 Qiangjian
!l!i ra] jian, middle.
Qiang, stiffness;
The point is between the prietal bone and the occipital bone and able to treat stiff neck and headache. GV 19
Houding
Hou, back; ding, vertex. The point GV 20
is at the back of the vertex.
Saihui
Bai, numeral; hui, meeting. The point is at the vertex and is a meeting place of the three Foot-Yang Channels, the liver Channel and the Du Channel.
- 85 -
Annex 8
GV
21
Qianding
Qian, front; ding, vertex. The point is in front of the vertex. GV 22
Xinhui
Xin, fontanel; hui, closing. The point is in the closing place of the major fontanel. GV 2:3 ShAngxing
J:..II
Shang, upper; xin, star. The head is like the heaven. The point is at the head like a star in the sky. GV
24
Sb!ntlng
Shen, mind; ting, vestibule. "The brain is the house of the mind", which refers to the brain. The point is on the forehead like the ventricular vestibule . GV
25
Suliao
Su, nasal cartilage; liao, seam. The point is in a seam at the lower end of the nasal cartilage. GV
••
26
Shuigou
*tq
Shui, water; gou, groove. The point is in the philtrum, which looks like a water groove. GV 27
Duiduan·
Dui, mouth; duan, tip. The point is at the tip of the upper lip. GV 28
Ylnjiao
M3'C ~nC~S1ve
Yin, gum; jiao, junction. The point is above the and ~s
.
..
suture of the upper gum
a junction between the Du Channel and the Ren Channel.
Conception Vessel Meridian
- 86 -
Annex 8
CV
Iluiyin
HIli,
crossing; yin,
genital orifice.
The space between the orifice of genitalia and the orifice of the anus is called Huiyin, in where the point is located.
cv
2
Qiigu Qu, Qugtt
crooked; gu,
bone.
refers to the pubic bone, and the point IS at the
superior margin of the pubic symphysis.
cv
3
ZhOngji
Zhong, middle; The point
Jl,
just right.
is just in the middle of the general body.
CV
4
GUiinyuan
Guan,
storage; yuan, primary qi.
The point is 3 cun directly below the navel and is a reglon where the primary qi of the body is stored.
CV
5
Shimen Shi,
;fill stone; men, door. the stone
Shi means solid. The point is able to treat disease In the lower abdomen. Qihiii Q i,
CV
6
p rima r y q i; h ai,
sea. 1S
The point is below the navel and ql In the general body.
the sea of the primary
CV
7
Yinjiiio
Yin,
the opposite of yang; IS
J180,
crossing. and is the crossing place
The point
cun below the navel
of the Ren Channel,
the Chong Channel and the Kidney Channel.
CV
8
Sh':nque Shen, The
spirit; IS
que,
palace door.
point
in the middle of the navel, which is an important like a palace deor
way of
for circulating ql and blood of the fetus, the spirit.
- 87 -
Annex 8
cv
9
Shui/Cn shui, water-grain; fen, separation.
The point is 1 cun above the navel and related internally to the small intestine, at where the water-grain is separated into
turbidity and clearity. CV 10 Xiawan l'~
xia,
inferior; wan, stomach.
The point is at the inferior aspect of the stomach. CV 11
lianli
Jf:!I! the opposite of exterior.
Jian, establishing; Ii,
The point is in the epigastric region and helpful to establish the interior qi of the middle jiao. CV 12
ZhOngwin Zhong, middle; wan, stomach. The point 1S
1n the middle of the stomach.
CV
13
Shaogwan
Shang, superior; wan, stomach. The point is at the superior aspect of the stomach. CV 1 4
Juque Ju,
eH'J great; que, palace door.
This is a Mu-Front Point of the Heart Channel, like a palace door of the heart qi. CV 15 liliwei
Jiu, wild pigeon; wei,
tail.
The xiphoid process of the sternum looks like a wild pigeon's tail, and the point is below it. CV 16
ZhOngting The point
If! If! ting, court. 1n
Zhong. middle;
is below the heart, as if in the court
front of
the palace.
- 88 -
Annex 8
cv
T;lllzhong T;j n, The
.' :<1) 0 sur e;
~ h () 11 g,
mid d 1 e . the chest is callod Tanzhong ,n
exposed middl e p'art of The point 1S
ancient CV 18
times. Yutang
located there.
Yu, Yu
jade;
tang,
palace.
means expensive. The location of the point corresponds Since it is lmportant, it is likened to
to the pl:lce of the heart. Yutang. CV 1 Cj
Zigong
Zi,
purple; gong,
palace. refers to the emporer's
Zigong is the name of a star and
residence. The point corresponds to the heart, which 15 the officer of monarch, CV
so it
is called Zigong.
20
Huagai Hua, magnificient: Huagai refers gai, umbrella. The location of the
to the emporer's umbrella.
the point corresponds to heart, CV 21
the place of the lung, which 1S above
like an umbrella of the heart.
Xuanji Xuan, Xuanji rotation; LS ji, aX1S. 1st to the 4th stars of the Big the name of the
Dipper, CV 2 2
opposite to Zigong. Tiiintii
7'(* tu, chimney. to the upper end of 11
Tian, heaven;
The location of the point corresponds the trachea, Lianquan Lian, clear: quan, water spring. like the chimney toward
the heaven.
cv n
"
j
j
I
T1,e two channel S below the ancient time~.
tongue are called Li.1nquan
In
The point
IS
at
the superior margin of the pharynge,,:
prominence,
close to Lianquan channel.
- 89 -
Annex 8
CV
:! 4
Ch':ngji'ing Cheng, receiving; jiang, water fluid. the middle of the sulcus
The point is mentolabialis and from the mouth. IS
In tIle depression at
a place to receive the out flowing water fluid