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B CBOe1i crpaTerl3H AOCTHNCeHHn 3J1OpOBb51 ,IIJIn Bcex K 2000 r. PerHOHanbHOe 6iop0 OcyuIeCTBJIneT jl,enTenbHOCTb n0 TpeM OCHOBHbIM HanpasneHHSiM: nponaraHlia cTHneïi NC143H4, cnoco6cTSyloujHx COXpaHeHHIO H yxpennellHiO 3Aoposbx; npeuoTBpauleHHe 6one3Heit, noAAaioLgHxcn npoclH- naKTHKe; H O6ecnetieHHe aAeKBaTHOH H O6uIeAOCTyIIHO13 McAHxo-CaHHTapxoi3 nOMOIII1i. pJISI EBpOneHCKOrO perxona xapaKrepxo HanlitlHe 6onbluoro LLIIcna H3bIKOB, Ha KOTOpbIX rOBOpnT HacenniolllHe ero Hapoj$I, H CBn3âHHbIMH C 3THM TpyAHOCTeH B nOnytleHliH HHCpOpMâIOiH sCeMH, KTO B HeH HyNCAaeTCJI. PerHOHanbHOe 6iopo ny6Jnixyer CBOH H3Aa.H1in Ha tierblpex n3bIKaX - aH- rJIHHCKOM, CipaHIIy3CKOM, HeMeIIKOM H pyCCKOM - H OXOTHO yJJ,osnerBOpneT npOcb6bI o pa3peLUeHHH nepeBOAa 3THX Ii3AaHHÂ Ha ApyrHe 313bIKH. a Aix-rpm, An6aensl, Besibrlul, Bonraplui, Benrpltsi, repMancxasl ,IZeniolcpaTHisecxasi Pecny6m4xa, rpewin, j>;antin, 143paxilb, HpnaHwisi, 13cnanAnn, IdcnanHn, Lirannsl, JlloxceM6ypr, Manbra, Moaalco, Hsi,qepnanRbl, HopBérnsu, nonbula, IIorryramul, PyMbnHisl, CaH Mapsnlo, CoeAsnlesilloe Koponescrso, CCCP, Typwisl, (DeRepaznsxasl Pecny6nnxa repMaHSni, Q>HHIIHiIjIAn, ()Valium, IIexocasosaxnsl, lIIBeffulapHn, IIIsewia n lOrocnaBHSI. Si,T[FPHASi 3HEPI'ETHKA ABapHiiHble BbI6pOCbI - IIpaKTHmeCKOe pÿKOBOACTBO rio OpI'aHH3auIiH AeHCTBHIi OÔweCTBeHHOtO 3gpâBOOXpaHCHIiSI MaKeT 061103u'KU: OoTO na o6no.licxe: Michael J. Suess LlepHo6bLabCKHii a epHbIli peaKTop (Hej aJIeKo OT Kxesa, CCCP) nocne asapux 26 anpena 1986 r. IIeyaTaeTca c paapeutelu a POLFOTO, Copenhagen. BceMHpxasi opraxH3aru3si 3upaBOOxpaxexHa EsponeHcxoe perxoxaribxoe 6wpo KoneHrareH 51,1(EPHASi 3HEPI'ETHKA ABapHHxbie Bbi6p0cbi - npaxTHUecxoe pyxosOAcTBO no opraxnsai.u3H ReHCTBHH o6ruecTBexxoro 3Apasooxpaxexxsi OTtIeT o coseuiaam B03 Mon, r enbrHx, 1-4 oxzx6px 1985 r. Perxoxanbxbie ny6nHxaru3H B03, EBponeHcxasi cepHSi, N° 21 ICP/CEH 005/m35 ISBN 92 890 4112 9 ISSN 0258 -4972 c BceMHpi-taA opraHH3auHA 34pasooxpaHeHH2, 1989 r. Ha ny6nHKauHH BceMHpxoH opraHFi3auHH 34pasooxpa- HeHHA paCnpoCTpaHAIOTCA nOJIOA(eHHA npoTOKOna N° 2 Bce- MHpHOH KoxsexuHH o6 oxpaHe aBTOpcKHx npa6. 3aABne- HidA Ha gacTFiLiHyro HnH no1IHyF0 nepeneHaTKy HJIH nepesotl ny6nHKauHN EBponeNcKoro perHOHaJIbHOro 6ropo B03 cne- LIyeT HanpasnATb B 3Ty opraHH3auH10 no atipecy: Regional Office for Europe, Scherfigsvej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark. PerHoxanbHoe 6ropo OXOTHO yLIOBneTBOpAeT TaKHe npocb6bl. 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O6y4eHNe a4MNHNCTpaTNBHbIX pa6OTHHKOB H NOOPMNPOBaHNe HaCeneHNR 55 CnNcoK nNTepaTypbl 61 fipNno>tceHNe 1. tIneHbi noLtrpynn 65 flpNnoAeHNe 2. Y4aCTHNKx 67 v 3AME4AHN51 no TEPMFiHOJ10FHFC CIO_RHTHKa B03 B OTHOWeHFiM TepMMHO.ROrHIß COCTOHT B TOM, 4TO6b1 C,IIelIOBaTb O44)HUHaJIbHbIM peKOMeHIlauMaM aBTO- pIMTeTHblx MeAcrlyxapoAHblx OpraHOB, H 4aHHaa ny6AMK auMa COOTBeTCTByeT TaKHM peKOMeHllaui-[aM. B HaCTOAWee BpeMa nO4TH ace Me,i(4yHap011Hb1e Hay4- Hble opraHbf peKOMeH!_IyIOT nOJTb3OBaTbCa CHCTeMON e1iHHHU CH (Systéme international d'unités), pa3pa6oTaHHOH FeHepaJlbxoH KoHcOepeHuHeR no MepaM H BecaM ( rKMB )' . BOJIb30BaHFie 3THMH e11HHHuaMH 6bLAo TaKiKe peKOMeH4O- BaHO TpHlzuaTOl%I ceccHel BceMHpHoIt accaM6_neH 311paso- oxpaxeHHa B 1977 r. B HM1KecJlellytOWel-t Ta6AMue npMBo- 1ISITCa TpH np0H3B01IHble e11HHHUbI cF[cTeMbl C{9, 4aCTO HC- nOJlb3yeMble B 4aHHOM 2IOKJIa1Ie, BMeCTe C MX CHMBOJIaMH, COOTBeTCTByK)IüHMH e1lHHMUaMH B ApyroH CHCTM H K0341- (l1mLIHeHTaMH nepec4eTa. BeiHyHHa EaHHHUa CH H CTapaa K030HUNeHT ee 0603HaveHHe e11HHHua nepec4eTa PaaHOaKTHBHOCTb 6eKKepeAb, SK KIOpH, KH 1 KH = 3,7X1010 SK (37 r6K ) IlornoueHHaa rpeH, FA paa 1 paa = 0,01 FA 1SO3a 3KBHBaAeHTHafl 3HBepT, 3B peM 1 peM = 0,01 3B ao3a ABTopHTeTHbie caeaeHHa o CHCTM C11 coaep- A(aTCa B KHHre "EI.IHHHUbi CH B MeaHUNHe", BbinyueHHOH BCeMHpHOH OpraHH3auHeH 3apaBOOXpaHeHHA. 3Ty KHHry MOA(HO npHo6pecTH B KHH)KHbIX Mara3HHaX, y areHToB B03 n0 C6bITy HJIH HenOCpeaCTBeHHO B OTaeAe paCnpeae_9eHNA H c6biTa B03, 06paTHBWHcb no aapecy: Distribution and Sales, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. vi IIpuKcloBKe Esponeilcxoe perNoHanbxoe 6ropo B03 yxe B Te4eHNe pRtla neT BbinycKaeT CepNro ny6nNKauNN, nocsSillleHHblx pa3nN'i- HbIM acneKTaM 06lllecTBeHHOrO 31IpaBOOXpaHeHNR B CBN3N C pa60TON aTOMHbIX 3neKTpOCTaHUNN H yllaneHNeM palNoaK- TNBHbIX OTXOJIOB. BCnen 3a Ony6JINKOBaHNeM OT4eTa O npNHUNnaX lIeNCTBNN OpraHOB 31IpaBOOXpaHeHN2 npN aBa- pHFtHbIx Bb16pocax ( 1984 r.) 6bino npoBelleHo coBeWaHNe pa6o4eil rpynnbl B Mane (6enbrNR) B oKT26pe 1985 r.c uenblo Bblpa6oTKN 6onee nollpo6Hblx npaKTNReCKNX yKa3a- HNN B CB23N C TaKNMN aBapNRMN. I{epHo6binbcKaR aBapNR B CCCP B anpene 1986 r. co BCeM ZlpaMaTN3MOM nOKa3ana He06X04NMOCTb KOMnneKCHOrO nnaHNpOBaHNR 4pe3BbI4aNHbIX Mep Ha cny4ail raKNx aBapNil H COOTBeTCTByFOWNX 11eNCTBNil B KpNTN`ieCKNX CNTyaUNRX. TaKoe nnaHNpOBaHNe LIOn)KHO HOCHTb MHOrOceKTOpanbHblil xapaKTep H OTnN4aTbC2 TWaTe.,nbHOil KoopllNHauNeFi ,4eNC- TBNN, OXBaTbIBaR WNpOKNN CneKTp LIeNCTBNN opraHOB yn- paBneHNSi Ha ueHTpa.,nbHOM, perNOHanbHOM H McCTHOM ypO- BHRXe He06X04NMO TaK)Ke npN3HaTb, 4TO He McHbWee 3Ha4eHNe NMeeT N 4eTKOe pyKOBO1ICTBO lleilCTBNRMN HaCe- neHNR. B CBR3H C 3THM BO3HNKaeT H HaCTORTe.nbHaR He- o6xouNMOCrb o6ecne4eHNR TecHoro coTpyuHN4ecTBa co- CeuHNx cTpaH. Heo6x04NMO npN3HaTb, 4TO npON3OWe..n Cepbe3HbIN KpN3NC lloBepNH B OTHOWeHHN 6e300aCHOCTN R1IepHblx yC- TaHOBOK, H B03, B CBOro o4epeztb, HanpaBnReT ceil4ac yCNnNR Ha OCyWeCTBneHNe paCWNpeHHON nporpaMMbl, CBR- 3aHHON CO 31IpaBOOXpaHNTenbHblMN CI1KTMH pallNauNOH- HON 3aWNTbI, C TeM 4TO6bI O6eCne4NTb BCeCTOpOHHIOK) oUeHKy H NCnOnb3OBaHNe OnblTa, HaKOnneHHOrO B CB23N C HeAaBHeFt aBapNeil. XOTR 1IaHHaR ny6niiKauNR 6bina nollroTOSneHa ao 4epH06binbcKOil aBapHH, couepAaWNeCR B Heil BbIB011bl COXpaHRIOT npaKTN4eCKyro UeHHOCTb 1InR BCeX, KTO 3aHN- MaeTCR pa3nN4HbIMN aCneKTaMN npNHRTNR HeOTnO)KHbiX Mep B KpNTN4eCKNX CNTyaUNRX. vii XOTenocb 61,49 1-1Onb3yRCb CnyRaeM, sblpa3HTb 6nar0- AapHOCTb H npH3HaTenbHOCTb npasHTenbCTSy benbrHH 3a noAUepxxy, oxa3aHHyro nouroTOSxe aTOH cepHH ny6nHxa- üHH. J.I. Waddington aHpexTop, rHrHeHa oxpy*aromeH Cpetibl EsponeHcxoe perHoxanbHoe 6ropo B03 viii BBe4eHKe B 1984 F. 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JOBepHe o6lueCTBexxocTH MOAHO HaH- ny4wHM 06pa30M o6ecne4NTb s TOM Cny4ae, eC.,RH peweHHR no TaKHM BOnpOCaM, KaK 3BaKyaUH2, yKpbiTHe B noMewe- HHRX H npO(OHnaKTH4eCKaH 6JIOKaaa IuHTOBHaHOH )i(e.11e3bl, OCHOBbIBaIOTCR Ha peKOMeHaaUHH OTBeTCTBeHHOrO opraHa 3apaBOOXpaHeHHR, nOCKOJIbKy BCe 3TH peweHHR CaMH no ce6e CB23aHb1 C pHCKOM H, npHHHMaR HX, Heo6XOaHMO CO- nocTaBnRTb ero C pHCKOM nony4eHHR nporHo3HpyeMOfi ao- 56 3bl pa1I,NaUHoHHoro o6JIy4eHNA . CBeaeHNH o paLlNauNOHHOM B616pOCe 6yAyT npellcTaBJIATbcA B pacnopAH(eHNe ALZepHOrO areHTCTBa rum y4peN(LIeHNA , opraHN3yF0lllero asapNNHble MeponpNATNA, KaK npasNno, nNi60 pyKOBO4cTBOM ALIepHOR ycTaxoBK N, nN6O MeCTHbIMN y4pe)KLIeHNAMN , BeLlyrolüNMN 3KOJIOrN4eCKNMN NJIN 31IpaBOOXpaHNTe.,RbHbIMFI BonpocaMN. Y4peH(LIeHHe 31IpaBOOXpaHeHN2 1IOn)KH0 y4acTBOBaTb Ha OLINHaKOBbIX npasax C yKa3aHHbIMN opraHN3aUNAMN B OUeHKe nOCneLICTBNii N pa3pa6oTKe Mep no NCnpaBJIeHNIO nOJtO)KeHNA. O4HaK0, nOCKOnbKy OKOH4aTenbHOe pewee 06 OCyWeCTBneHNN TaKHX NCnpaBNTeAbHbIX Hep 6yAeT NMeTb nOCneLICTBNA IInA 3LI0p0BbA HaCeJieHNA , npN ero npNHATNN nOcneLlHee CJIOBO 1I0JI)KHO 6bITb 3a y4peALIeHNeM 31IpaBOOXpaHeHN2 . Ponb OpraHOB 31IpaBOOxpaHeHNA B BBeLIeHNN TaKNX KOHTpMep HAN npNHATNN peWeHNA o6 3BaKyaUHN LIOJI)KHa 6b1Tb OnpeLlenArolllel-t, nocKQlIbKy CBA3aHHOe C 3BaKyauHeN HapyWeHHe pNTMa HOpManbHON )KN3H14 3BaKyHpyeMblX - cpeLiN KOTOpbIX MOryT 6bITb 6epeMeHHble, NHBa.,RNLtbI NJIN naUNeHTbI 60nbHNu - nOTpe6yeT OpraHN3aUNN COOTBeT- CTByrolüer0 MeLINUNHCKOr0 o6cJIyN(IisaHNA B 3BaKOnyHKTaX NJIN MeCTaX HOBOr0 noceneHNA . ECJIN K TOMy xce 3TH nroLIN nOLIBeprHyTCA O6JIy4eHNFO B XOLte 3BaKyaUNN, MeLINUNHCKOMy nepCOHany He06XOLiNMO 6bITb rOTOBbIM K BbIIIOJIHeHNIO 4e3aKTNBauNOHHbIX pa6oT nOMNMO LlpyrNX 0623aHHOCTeN, CBA3aHHbIX C OKa3aHNeM MeLINUNHCK011 nOMOWm. B nyTN H B McCTaX nepeceJieHNA nOTpe6yeTC2 OpraHN3oBaTb O6eCne4eHNe .RfOLIeN nHllleN , BOLION N CaHNTapHbIMN yCJlyraMN, H 3T0 TaK)Ke BXOLINT B 06A3aHHOCTN OpraHOB 31IpaBOOXpaHeHNA. flpH cepbe3HON ALIepHOH aBapNN paLINOaKTNBHOCTb B aTMOCikpe MO)KeT pacnpOCTpaHATbcA Ha LIeCATKN KNJIOMeT- p0B OT McCTa paCnoJION(eHNA ALIepHo4i yCTaHOBKN, N Hace- neHNe, np0)KNBarolllee B npeLlenaX TaKoro paHoHa, MON(eT npN onpeLIeneHHbIX 06CTOATeJIbCTBaX 11OJIy4NTb He6oJlbWyro LI03y 06ny4eHNR . no3TOMy MeLINUNHC K NII nepCOHan B TaKOM palloHe 40n)KeH 3HaTb, KaK LIe4iCTBOBaTb npN paLINaUNOHHbIX aBapNNHbIX cNTyaUNAX BKJIIO4a51 o6ny4eHNe HaCeneHHA . 57 OpraHbl 34paBOOXpaHeHli2 TaKN(e 1IO11H(Hbl 6b[Tb noLlroroBneHbl ,qJJIS{ coBMecrxoï-{ pa6oTbl c opraHaMN , 3aHNMaIOtllNMNC2 BonpocaMN npO1IOBOnbcTBN2 H cenbcKOrO xo353%[CTBa, 1In2 Toro 4TO6b1 OnpeLlenNTb CTeneHb Bo3LleN- CTBNfi pallNOaKTNBHb1x Bbl6pocoB Ha npollyKTbl nNTaHNSï, MOJIOKO H BoLly B HanpaB.ReHNN pacnpocTpaHeHNR pallNoaK- TNBHOCTN C BO31IywHbIMN nOTOKaMN B nepNOLI aBapHH. 3TO o3HaHaeT, peKOMeH.LIaL(NN no 3auilNTe oT paLlNauNN LiO- n)KHbI COCTasnHTbCSI LIO aBapNN N BK.1ïklHaTbC2 B nJIaH aBa- pNk{HbIX MeponpNaTNH. B Nueane npN pa3pa60TKe TaKNX peKOMeH1IauNN He06XO4NMO y'{NTbIBaTb nOLI06Hble peKOMeH- LIaUHN, COCTaBneHHble COOTBeTCTByK)wNMN opraHaMN B CO- CeLiHNX cTpaHax, C TeM 4T06b1 npellnpNHNMaeMbie LIeNCTBNA B cJly4ae asapNN HOCN.IIN noC.,ReLIOBaTeAbHbIN xapaKTep. IIpN pa3pa6oTKe TaKHX peKOMeHLIauNH opraHbl 3Llpaso- OXpaHeHNSI LIOn)KHbI on{ipaTbcSi Ha 3HaHN2 O MacwTa6ax nOTeHUNanbHON OnaCHOCTN. B n03LIHeN (1)a3e aBapNN 40..R)KHO npNHNMaTbCS{ pewee o npeKpalüeHNN IIpNMeHeHNft KOHTpMep, N 311eCb opraH 31IpaBOOXpaHeHN2 TaKN(e HaN6OJlee KOMneTeHTeH LIaTb OT NMeHN ynpaBJls{FOweH B..RaCTN o60CHOBaHNe cyTN H nocJIeLICTBNFi TaK0r0 peweHNSi. CooTBeTCTByrolüNe CseLle- HNS{ N OueHKN, He06XOLINMble 4.112 npNHATNA TaKOrO pewe- HNFI , 6y4yT nOny4eHbl B pe3yJIbTaTe N3MepeHNN H nOLIC4e- TOB , npOBeLIeHHbIX nepCOHanOM ALIepHON yCTaHOBK N N COOTBeTCTBy011INMN roCyLlapCTBeHHbIMN opraHN3auNHMN. Ha BOCCTaI-{OBNTenbHON CTa4NN asapNN CyweCTByeT nOTeHUNanbHaS{ OnaCHOCTb 1I0110nHNTe..RbH0r0 o6ny4eHN2 HaCeneHNS{ B 3aBNCNMOCTN OT MaCWTa60B H xapaKTepa nOBpe)KLieHNS{ stLlepHOH yCTaHOBKH. MOryT NMeTb MeCTO H cny4aN BbIXOLIa paLIN0aKTNBHOCT1i B aTMoccpepy NnN rNnpoccloepy nN60 HenpellyMblwnexxoro xapaKTepa, nN60 CneuNanbHO npellyCMOTpeHHble H S{Bn5{FOUNeC2 COCTaBHOFI 4aCTblO BOCCTaHOBNTenbHON 03m. 3annaHNpOBaHHbIil C6pOc MO)KeT 6bIT b Heo6XOLINM , HanpNMep , 11n2 CHNN(eHNA BbICOKOrO LIaB.,ReHNA BHyTpN peaxropa, H B CB23N C 3THM 4OnN(Hb1 y4NTbIBaTbC2 BCe COOTBeTCTBylO{IINe (1)aKTOpbI, KOTOpbie nOB.7INRFOT Ha ypOBHN 403, nO.11y4eHHbIX Hacene- HNeM ( BpeMA CyTOK , MeTeopOnOrN4eCKNe yCJ1OBN5I H T.11 ) . TaKNe C6pOcb1 MOryT B613bIBaTb O6eCnOKOeHHOCTb Cpe111i HaceneHNH H conpoTNBneHNe HX OCyweCTBneHNK). 58 ECJIK opraH 3apaBOOxpaHeHKS npKHHMaeT y4acTHe B nJIaHKpOBaHKK TaKOro poila Cneuma_RbHOrO c6poca H 06JlaaaeT HH(loopMauHeK o ero MacWTa6aX K nOC,ReACTBKRX, TO B 3TOM c.Ry4ae WaHc CBeCTK K MKHHMyMy 06ecnOKOeH- HOCTb O6WeCTBeHHOCTH 6yAeT 60JIbWHM. HeJIb3R Hea0y4HTbIBaTb nCHXOJIOrH4ecKoe Bo3aeKCT- BKe aBapHH Ha HaceJieHF[e . H B 3TOM C.,Ry4ae opraHbl 3apaBOOXpaHeEiKR KMeK)T JIy4WKe BO3MO)KHOCTK aJIR TOTO, 4TO6b1 He aaTb pa3paCTHCb 3THM cTpaXaM B nepCneKTHBe H o6ecne4KTb HaCeJIeHKe aoCTOBepHOH HH(POpMauHeK. KaK y)Ke paHee yKa3bIBaJI0Cb, He06XOLlNMO y4KTb1- BaTb, 410 MHOrKe H3 TeX, KTO, BepORTH0,3a60JIeeT paKOM, 6yayT npHnHCbIBaTb npH4HHy ero B03HKKHOBaHHR aBapHH, He3aBHCNMO OT TOrO, noasepraJlNCb OHH 06JIy- 4eHHK) H.,RH HeT. JAR Toro 4TO6bl yCTaHOBHTb O60CHO- BaHHOCTb JI106oN TaKON N(a.Ro6bl, Heo6XOaKMO 6yaeT o6na- aaTb aaHHbIMH 060 BCeX OKTOpaX, KMeBWKX McCTO BO BpeMR asapKH. K KX 4KCJIy 6yayT OTHOCHTbCR He TOJIbKO I-iaK60Jlee Haae)KHble aaHHble O nOJIy4eHHbIX a03aX , HO H HOOpMaul-iR O TOM, rae HaXOAHJIHCb 3TH J1K)aH H KaK aOJlro, C TeM 4T06b1 B 6y4yWeM MO)KHO 6blJlo OI.[eHHTb BepORTHOCTb JI1060r0 KOHKpeTHOr0 CAy4aR 3a6o.neBaHHR paKOM no npH4KHe RaepHOFt asapHK. OpraHbl 3apaBo- OXpaHeHKR 40JIN(Hbi y4HTblBaTb 3Ty BO3MO)KHOCTb H co6HpaTb KOopMauKIO BO BpeMR aBapHH, C TeM 4TO6b1 HMeTb BO3MO)KHOCTb B 6yAyWeM AaTb 3nHaeMHOJIOrH4eCKyK) OueHKy aBapKH. ROMHMO yaeAeHHR aOJI)KHOr0 BHHMaHHSi poJIK ynpa- BJIRIOWKX OpraHOB Ha pa3JIK4HbIX CTaAKRX aBapKH He06X0- AHMO 00060 BbtaeAHTb H pOJIb nJIaHKpOBaHKR H nOarOTOBKK KaLlpOB. TOAbKO C nOMOWbK) COOTBeTCTByK)WHX MeponpH- RTHK n0 nJiaHHpOBaHHK) H nOJIeBbIX HCnbITaHHK TaKHe npo6- JleMbl , K aK HaJIa)KHBaHHe yCTOK4HBOH CBR3K , 6y4yT Bb1R- BJIRTbCR H pewaTbcR. B npouecce n.,RaHKpOBaHKR , pa3pa- 60TKH CueHapHeB H npoBeaeHHR nO_ReBbIX HCnbITaHHN He06- XOAHMO y4HTbIBaTb nOCJIeaCTBHR BO313eKACTBHR asapHH Ha nCHXK4eCKOe H (1)H3K4eCKOe 3aopOBbe 4eJIOBeKa. OpraH 3ApaBOOXpaHeHHR AOJIM(eH y4aCTBOBaTb HapRAy c apyrKMH OpraHaMH BO BCeX CTaAHRX 3TOK pa60Tbl. 59 Y4acTHe MeaNUHHCKaro nepCOHana H pa6oTHHKOs 34paBOOXpaHeHHR B 3THX MepOnpHRTHRX HMeeT Ba*HOe 3Ha4eHHe, H COOTBeTCTByK1wHN opraH 34pasooxpaxeHHR HMeeT BCe BO3MOAHOCTH dnR TOrO, 4T06bi KOOp4HHHpOBaTb 06R3aHHOCTH, KOTOpble OHH 6y4yT BbInOnHRTb BO BpeMR aBapHH. nOCKOnbKy TaKON Me4HUHHCKHH nepcoHan cKopee BCerO He 6yAeT HMeTb COOTBeTCTByIDweH 11O41-OTOBKH B 06naCTH pailHauHOHHOrO MOHHTOpHHra H 3awHTbl, ero Heo6xoaHMO 6yueT nOCTOAHHO 4ep)KaTb B Kypce co6bITHH H KOHCynbTHpOBaTb n0 3THM BonpocaM. nodAep(aHHe CBR3H C MecTHbIM HaceAeHHeM (B 4aCT- HOCTH, C OTBeTCTBeHHbIMH pa6oTHHKaMH, MeRHUHHCKHM CO- o6wecTBoM H cpeacTBaMH MaCCOBOH HOopMauHH) AO aBa- pHH RBnReTCR 344eKTHBHbIM CI1oCO6oM 06eCne4HTb HX HH- cpOpMHpOBaHHOCTb OTHOCHTenbHO CTeneHH nOArOTOBKH nna- Ha Ha Cny4aH asapHNHoN cHTyauHH. RpNBne4eHHe 3THX nK)4eN K y4acTHK) B MeponpHRTHRx HnH nepecMoTpy nnaxoB 6y4eT warOM Ha AonroM nyTH yKpenneHHR aOSepeHHR K o6ecne4eHHK) 6e3onacHocTH RuepHOri ycTaHOBKH. 60 CIIKCOK IiKTepaTypbi 1. Nuclear power: accidental releases - principles of public health action. Copenhagen, WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1984 (WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 16). 2. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Recommen- dations of the ICR P. Annals of the ICRP, 1(3), 1977 (ICRP Publi- cation 26). 3. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Protection of the public in the event of major radiation accidents: principles for planning. Annals of the ICRP, 14(2), 1984 (ICRP Publication 40). 4. Kelly, G.N. & Clarke, R.H. An assessment of the radiological conse- quences of releases from degraded core accidents for the Sizewell PWR. London, H.M. Stationery Office, 1982 (NRPB Report R137). 5. Planning for off -site response to radiation accidents in nuclear facilities. 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A guide to the hospital management of injuries arising from exposure to /or involving ionizing radiation. Chicago, American Medical Association, 1984. 62 28. Manual on early medical treatment ofpossible radiation injury. Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 1978 (IAEA Safety Series No. 47). 29. Management of persons accidentally contaminated with radionuclides. Washington, DC, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 1980 (NCRP Report No. 65). 63 IIpuol IIAeHbf Ho4rpyHH Ilourpynna 1 (onpeueneHHR) 1--H F. Diaz de la Cruz r-H F. Luykx LI-p B.H. JIbiCKOs LI-p 0. Ilari (pyKosouHTeAb) [Iourpynna 2 (nocneA.cTBHR LIAR 3LI0pOBb51 H K OHTpMepbl ) LI-p A.K. Bhattacharjee LI-p L.B. Sztanyik (pyKOBOLIHTenb) il-p P.J. Waight Ilourpynna 3 (oueH K a HOCAeLICTBHiI LIAR npmerarolle}I MeCTHOCTH) LI-p G. Fieuw LI-p W. Jacobi (pyKoBoLIHTenb) r-H R. Kirchmann LI-p B.H. JlbicxOB nourpynna 4 (BOnpocbi ynpaBAeHHR, nOUroTOBKH Kaupos H HH(DopMHpoBaHHR 06LUecTBeHHOCTH) r-H J.C. Villforth 65 I-pynna 5 (peKoMeHUauHH no nnaHHpoBaHHEo uJISI pa6oTHHKOB 34pasooxpaxeHHSI H MeuH11HHCKOrO nepcoHa.na ) lI-p Celia T. Anatolio r-H J.E. Logsdon (pyKoBouHTe.nb) 1I-p S.E. Olsson r-H J.C. Villforth Ilourpynna 6, B cocTaBe: J-poB Clarke, IVénot, Suess H Wald, BbICTynaK)ll[HX KaK pyKOBOUHll1HFi KoMHTeT LIAR pacCMOTpeHHSI COBMeCTHO C LlpyrHMH nourpyn- naMH LiHHaMHKH H COLjepH(aHHSI HX COOTBeTCTBy- tolllHX o6SI3aHHOCTeH H uJISI 06be4HHeHHSI LIe5ï- TeJIbHOCTH . 66 IIpuoxceHKe 2 YUCTHKKK BpeMeHHble KOHCy.,RbTaHTbI u-p Celia T. Anatolio, nHpeKTop, cnyA6a paLlNauHoHHoll rNrNeHbl, MHHNCTepCTBO 34pasooxpaHeHNSi, MaHHna, (PNnNnnNHbl u-p A.K. Bhattacharjee, 3aMecT{ireJfb leHepanbHOrO uYipeKTOpa (no MeuNUNHCKNM BOnpOCaM), reHepanbHblN LINpeKTOpaT cnyx6 34paBOOXpaHeHNSI , MHHHCTepCTBO 34paBOOxpa- HeHY[Si N 6naronOnyvNH ceMbN , I.IenN , HH41142 u-p R.H. Clarke, ceKpeTapb, ocyuapcTBeHHOe ynpaBneHNe no paLlNonorNVecKoEi 3alüNTe, HNnTOH, /NLIKOT , COeLINHeHHOe KoponescTBO ( OLINH N3 cOCTaBNTeneN oTVeTa) r-H F. Diaz de la Cruz, TeXHHVeCKNH KOHCynbTaHT, COBeT no 6e30naCHOCTN ftLlepHblX yCTaHOBOK, MaupNu, HCnaHNA r-H G. Fieuw, pyKOBOLINTe.JIb, OTUeJI 143MepeHNN N paLINaUNOHHOrO KOHTpOnA, HayvHO-NCCneLIOBaTe.,Rb- CKHN UeHTp no f[uepHON 3HeprHl-t (CEN/SCK), MOnb, 6e.,RbrN9 u-p W. Jacobi, npocPeccop N LINpeKTOp, HHCTHTyT palNauHOHHON 3alllNTbl , O6lllecTBO pauNauNOHHbIX N 3KOnOrHVeCKNX HayvHblX NCCnei[OBaHNN, HoHep6epr, 0e4epaTNBHaSi Pecny6nNKa FepMaHHH 67 r-H R. Kirchmann, ynpaanRtoutHH, nporpaMMa pa,Q{ïauNOHHOFI 3alll4iTbl , lleHTp Hay4Hblx i4ccneZlOBaHi4Îd B o6naCTi4 RZIepHOFi 3HeprHH (CEN/SCK), Monb, BenbrHR ZI -p A. Lafontaine, npockeccop, J1yseHCKHH yH14BepcHTeT , 6ploccenb , BenbrHH r-H J.E. Logsdon, Bpa4-41N3FIK , OTZIen pa4t4aUt4oHHblx nporpaMM , AreHTCTBO no oxpaHe oKpyAaouteh cpeLlbl CWA, BaWHHrTOH, oKpyr KonyM614R , CHIA ZI-p B.H. JIbICKOS, tloueHT H Ha4aJIbHHK CeKUHN 6140(01.43F1Ki4 MOCKOBCKOrO (Pi43NK0-TexHN4eCK0r0 HHCTHTyTa, CCCP 4-p J.-C. Nénot, pyKosot[HTe_Rb, cnym6a pallxauHoHHOFi ri4rHeHbl, OTZZen oxpaHbl 340pOBb2, {'IHCTYiTyT R4epHO4[ 6e3onaCHOCTN H paZli4auHOHHON 3a1llLiTbi , KOMI4CCN2 no aTOMHON 3HeprHN ( CEA ) , (DoHTeHe-O-P03, OpaHuNR (COCTaBNTenb OT4eTa) 4-p S. E. Olsson, npo(peccop , Me414uHHa H pa4i4aui40HHaR 3aWi4Ta, HauNOHanbHblFi HHCTi4TyT paZll4aui40HHOi4 3aW14Tbl, CTOKrOJIbM, WBeuHR ZI-p L.B. Sztanyik, FeHepanbHblN 4&1peKTOp HauHOHa.RbHOrO Hay4HO-HcCne40BaTe.,RbCK0r0 HHCTFiTyTa pa4Ho6KOnorHH H pauHauHOHHOH rHrNeHbl , 6yZlaneWT , BeHrpHR ( 3aMeCTl4Tenb npeAceZlaTenR ) r-H J.C. Villforth, nHpeKTOp, IIeHTp no npH6opaM H paZlHauHOHHOR rHrHeHe, YnpaBneHiae RO npOZIyKTaM nFITaHHR N neKapCTBaM, lenapTaMeHT 31IpaBOOxpaHeHNR H o6cnyAH- BaHF1R HaceneHHR , POK BHnn , MepHneHZI , CWA ZI-p N. Wald, npo(kccop H K oBOttHTenb , KaPeZZpa pa4laauHOxxoH rHrHexbl, WKOna 34paBooxpaHeHNR, IIHTTC6yprCKHfi yH14BepCNTeT, WTaT ÏIeHcHnbBaHNH, CHIA (npeAceRaTenb) 68 IIpeacTaBHrenH apyrHx opraHH3auHA KOMHCCHS EBponeHCKHx coo6tuecTS (KEC) r-H F. Luykx, Ha4anbHHK oTaeJla oxpaHbl 340pOBb2 H o6tuecTBeHHoro 34pasooxpaHeHHR, J1HpexropaT no BonpocaM 3apaBooxpaHeHHR H 6e30nacHOCTH, JLoKCeM6ypr MeN(ayHapoaHaR KOMHCCHR no paaHauHOHHOH 3aIllHTe (MKP3) a -p W. Jacobi OpraHH3auHR 3KOHOMHtIeCKOrO COTpyaHHyeCTBa H pa3BHTHR (03CP) a-p 0. han, 3aMecTHTenb pyK OBo.LIHTe.,RR , OTaeneHHe paaHauHOHHOti 3aluHTbl H OpraHH3auHH yaa..ReHHR OTXOaOB, AreHTCTBO no RaepHOH 3HeprHH, RapH)K, (PpaHUHH BceMHpHaR opraHH3auHR 34pasooxpaHeHH2 EBponef1cKoe perHoHanbHoe 6ropo a-p M.J. Suess, perHoHa.RbHbI{i CneuHa_rIHCT no BpeaHblM OKTOpaM oxpyAarotueH cpeabl (yqeHblH ceKpeTapb) I11Ta6-K BapTHpa a-p P.J. Waight, HayYHblFt COTpyaHHK no BonpocaM npeaynpe>ocaeHHR 3arpH3HeHH2 oKpymalouieN cpeabi, OTaen rHrHeHbl oKpyxafollleti Cpeabl (y{exblH ceKpeTapb) 69 ABapNR B MepHO6bine ( CCCP ) cTana npN4NHo1%I orpoMHOro KpN3NCa AOBepNR K 6e3O11aCHOCTN RAepxblX ycTaHOBOK N Co Bceti O4eBNAHOCTbw yKa3a.na Ha HeO6XOANMOCTb KOMnJ1eKCHOro n..RaHNpOBaBHNR 4pe3Bb14aAHbIX MepOnpNRTNIi Ha cnyla4l TaKNx asapNH AAR 6bICTpON JINKBNAaLINN NX 11OCJ1e11CTBHFI. B aaHHOM OT4eTe AawTCR npaKTN4ecKNe peKOMeHAaL1NN OTHOCNTeJ1bHO TOrO, KaK 11eMCTBOBaTb KOMneTeHTHbIM OpraHaM B cny4ae asapNH Ha Rllepxoï-t ycraHOBKe nw6oro BI3Aa , He3aBNCNMO OT TOTO, COnpOBON(AaeTCR .,RN OHa aBapNliHbIMN B616pOCaMN B aTMOCcOepy N,.RN B BO1IHyw CpeAy OT4eT OCHOBbIBaeTCR Ha npNHLINnaX , pa3pa60TaHHbIX B IIpe1IbIAyI1IeM OT4eTe B03, KOTOpbIN 6b1JI ony6nNKOSaH B 1984 F. B HeM KpaTKO XapaKTepN3ywTCR BNAbI aBapNliHbIX CNTyaL1NFt, Ha cJiyyaA BO3HNKHOBaHNR KOTOpbIX Heo6XO11NMO COCTaBNTb nJ1aHb1 AAR 3a1llNTbI HaCeJ1eHNR, Mepbl , K OTOpble 11oJ1)KHbI 6biT b npNHRTbI , a Ta K N(e ypOBHN 11O3b1, npN KOTOpbIX OHN AOJ1N(Hbi npNMeHRTbCR. B HeM yKa3blBaeTCR, KaKNM 06pa3OM N3MepNTb ypoBHN O6J1y4eHNA N K aK OBbI HaN60Jlee BepORTHble CnOCO6bI O6JIy4eHNR. B HeM yKa3blBawTCR npo6JleMbl, KOTOpbie aOmN(Hbl 6yayT pewaTb OpraHbl 34paBOOXpaHeHNR N npaKTNKywIllNe spa4N, N aAMNHNCTpaTNBHble peweHNR, KOTOpbie He06XOANMO 6y4teT npNHRTb. B Ka4ecTBe npNMepa B3RT CTaHAapTHblli JIerKOBOAHbIN peaKTOp, OXJIa)KAaeMbIN nOa aaBJleHNeM N OTHOCRIUN(-1CR K TOMy TNny, KOTOpblA NCnOJIb3yeTCR B HaCTORIIIee BpeMR AAR npON3BO4CTBa 3JIeKTp03HeprNN, XOTR MHOrNe ero XapaKTepNCTNKH cOBnaaawT c apyrNMN RAepHbIMN yCTaHOBKaMN. 4aHHbIFI OT4eT aapecyeTCR OpraHN3aL1NRM 17 OTAeJibHbIM JIHLIaM, OTBe4aroIlINM 3a aeRTeJ1bHOCTb CNCTeMbI 3ApaBOOxpaHeHNR B cny4ae RAepHoll aBapNN. OH 6yAeT TaKN(e nOJIe3eH AAR npaKTN4eCKNX MeaNLINHCKNX pa6OTHNKOB, Ha KOTOpbIX He BO3JIarawTCR KaKNe-JIN60 aAMNHNCTpaTNBHble O6R3aHHOCTN BO BpeMR aBapNN, OAHa K 0 K OTOpbIM , BO3MON(HO , Heo6XO4NMO 3HaTb O ee nocneACTBNRx N 0 AeNCTBNRX, KOTOpble AOJ1)KHbI 6bITb npeanpNHRTbI B CBR314 c asapNeH. Pewaro111ee 3Ha4eHNe NMeeT KOOpANHauNR Aei1CTBNil opraHOB 34paBOOxpaHeHNR N OpraHN3aLIN4i, KOTOpble HeCyT KOHKpeTHble O6R3aHHOCTN B cny4ae aBapNN, N AaHHbIM OT4eT 6y4eT, HeCOMHeHHO, nOJIe3eH 4J1R BCeX 3THX OpraHOB.
Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) · Publications
Ядерная энергетика: аварийные выбросы – практическое руководство по организации действий общественного здравоохранения: отчет о совещании ВОЗ, Мол, Бельгия, 1–4 октября 1985 г.
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