Road Safety in the African Region 2015

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Printed by the WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland. Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies 1ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Contents Road safety in the African Region: key facts 2 Background: the international road safety context 3 Methodology 3 Findings 4 Conclusions and recommendations 17 Country profiles 18 ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20152 Road safety in the African Region: key facts • The African region has the highest estimated road traffic fatality rate of 26.6 per 100 000 population, despite having the lowest level of motorization in the world. • Half of all road traffic deaths in the region occur among vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists). The African region has the highest proportion of deaths among pedestrians at 39%. This indicates an urgent need for policymakers to ensure the prioritisation of interventions specifically targeted at improving the safety of these vulnerable road users. • While the majority of countries in the region have enacted national laws on key behavioural risk factors (speed, drink–driving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints), in very few countries in the region do these laws meet best practice. • In order for road safety legislation to be effective, there needs to be sustained and strong enforcement. In most countries in the region, enforcement of key road safety laws is weak, thus limiting the ability of legislation to achieve its full potential. • Developing intermediate indicators is important in order to measure changes in road user behaviour, and thus allow an assessment of programmes that include legislation and enforcement. However, to date there are few countries in the region report data on helmet-wearing rates, seat-belt wearing rates, or the proportion of deaths attributed to alcohol. • Vehicle safety is a key component for road safety. Only one country in the region applies 4 of the 7 UN priority vehicle safety standards. • Road traffic fatality data are vastly underreported in the region, with estimated figures almost 4 times that of the official reported figures, while the quality of data on non-fatal injuries is also of concern. • While a number of countries in the region have adopted policies to encourage walking and cycling, there is concern that if these are not accompanied by additional safety measures – notably speed reduction, they will not achieve the desired effects, and may indeed make roads more dangerous for vulnerable road users. 3ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Background: the international road safety context Globally, road traffic injuries claim approximately 1.25 million lives each year and have a huge impact on health and development. They are the leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 and 29 years, and cost governments approximately 3% of GDP (and up to 5% in low- and middle- income countries). In addition to the deaths, millions of people suffer non-fatal injuries each year as a result of road traffic crashes, while there are additional indirect health consequences that are associated with this growing epidemic (for example, respiratory problems associated with high emissions, as well as reduced physical activities such as walking and cycling and the associated negative health consequences). In 2010 the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 64/2551, which proclaimed 2011–2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety. The resolution called on countries to implement the measures identified internationally to make their roads safer. The UN General Assembly also invited WHO to monitor progress through its Global status report on road safety series, and as such, serve to highlight gaps and guide action on road safety in countries. In September 2015, road safety was included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, the health goal, has an ambitious target of reducing by half the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. In addition, SDG11 related to providing access to sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, and expanding public transport1. Methodology The objectives of this third report are to describe the road safety situation in all Member States; identify gaps in road safety at national level and thereby stimulate road safety action; and monitor countries’ progress in implementing measures identified in the Global Plan of Action2. The current overview of road safety in the African region is developed with data from the Global status report on road safety 2015. Forty-three of the Region’s 47 countries participated, representing 97.5% of the regional population. This comprises 20 middle-income countries and 23 low-income countries. Data collection began in May 2014 and was completed by December 2014, validated with the National Data Coordinators and cleared by the government. New aspects to the methodology of this third report were the collection and analysis of all legislative documents from participating countries, and the inclusion of information on 7 key priority standards for vehicle safety. For more information on the methodology of these components please see Explanatory Notes 1-3 in the main report. 1 http://www.globalgoals.org/ 2 Ref global plan ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20154 Findings Every day, about 650 deaths occur on the Africa’s roads Almost a quarter of a million people were (246 718) killed on the region’s roads in 2013, approximately a fifth of the global total number of deaths. This means about 675 people die each day on the region’s roads. This is in addition to the burden of non-fatal injury, material damage and costs incurred. The African region has the highest road traffic fatality rate, despite being the region with the lowest level of motorization The African Region has the highest estimated road traffic death rates of 26.6 per 100 000 population, relative to a global rate of 17.4. However, the region is the least motorized, with 46.6 vehicles per 1000 people – relative to 510.3 vehicles per 1000 people in European region. In terms of absolute numbers of deaths and vehicles, Africa is over represented in terms of the number of road traffic deaths that occur on its roads, relative to its vehicle fleet: it contributes to 20% of the world’s road traffic deaths but has only 2.3% of the world’s vehicles. © J en ny M at th ew s Rank Estimated fatality rate/100 000 population 1 African Region (26.6) 2 Eastern Mediterranean Region (19.9) 3 Western Pacific Region (17.3) 4 South East Asia Region (17) 5 Region of Americas (15.9) 6 European Region (9.3) FIGURE 1 Road traffic fatalities and motorization, by WHO region. Rank Number of vehicles per 1000 persons 1 European region (510.3) 2 Region of Americas (502.8) 3 Western Pacific Region (250.5) 4 South East Asia Region (168.9) 5 Eastern Mediterranean Region (126.0) 6 European Region (46.6) 5ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Half of road traffic deaths are among vulnerable road users, while the region has the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths Half of all deaths on the region are among those with the least protection – motorcyclists pedestrians and cyclists. The African region has the highest proportion of pedestrian-related deaths at 39%. While the region has the lowest proportion of road traffic deaths among motorcyclists, at 7%, this may be a result of poor data quality, because most of the participating countries were unable to provide detailed data on deaths broken down by road user type. Indeed, data reported from many countries point to a large influx of motorcycles into the region, suggesting that preventing injuries among this group may become an increasing priority. FIGURE 2 Proportions of road traffic deaths by type of road users and WHO region 60 40 30 10 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 Car occupants African Region 40 7 4 39 11 Eastern Mediterranean Region 45 11 3 27 14 Western Pacific Region 22 34 7 23 14 South East Asia Region 16 34 3 13 34 Region of Americas 35 20 3 22 21 European Region 51 9 4 26 10 Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrains Others/unspecified (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20156 Car occupants and pedestrian related deaths are higher in middle-income countries while motorcyclist- and cyclist-related deaths are higher in low-income countries Although road traffic fatality rates are higher in low-income countries (29.2/100 000 population, compared to 23.3 in middle income countries and 22.9 in high income countries), there are variations between type of road users by income groups. Deaths among car occupants and pedestrians are higher in middle-income countries while motorcyclists and cyclist’s related deaths are higher in low-income countries (Figure 3). Multisectoral action is needed for effective national road safety strategies Coordination of road safety efforts across multiple sectors and stakeholders is critical for success. In many countries this role is fulfilled by a lead agency that ideally should have the authority and resources needed to coordinate the implementation of a national strategy. Car occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrains Others/ unspecified 8 12 60 40 30 10 FIGURE 3 Proportion of deaths by road users and income groups in the African region 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 Low-income Middle-income 34 43 12 3 7 2 39 40 (% ) 7ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Currently 40 countries in the African region report having an agency that leads national road safety efforts. In some countries these take the form of a designated stand-alone agency while in other countries, the lead agency is situated within a government ministry. Achieving sustained reductions in road traffic injuries requires countries to have a long-term vision and strategy for road safety, and to define the objectives to be attained within the strategy’s time period. The process for developing such a national strategy should involve a considerable degree of stakeholder engagement at the national level so that all relevant sectors – health, transport, police, and nongovernmental agencies – invest in a strategy that is itself based on the best possible evidence. Currently 29 countries have a national strategy for road traffic safety that is fully or partially funded, with a further 5 that have road safety in multiple strategies. While a national strategy is essential to defining the vision behind a road safety programme, its implementation requires tangible objectives and, in particular, intermediate targets. Target-setting is a valuable means to get – and keep – traffic safety on the political agenda. Most high- performing countries articulate time- bound reduction targets for road traffic fatalities and serious injuries. This survey found that 26 countries in the region have set out fatality targets in their national strategies, but only 19 have targets for non-fatal injuries. More work is needed to bring road safety laws into line with best practice Road safety laws improve road user behaviour and can be an effective tool in reducing road traffic crashes, injuries and deaths. The most positive changes to road user behaviour happen when road safety legislation is supported by strong and sustained enforcement, and where the public is made aware of the reasons behind the new law and the consequences of noncompliance. This section reports on an assessment of countries’ current legislation to meet five key behavioural risk factors for road traffic injuries: speed, drink–driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints. There is a strong evidence base showing the positive impacts that legislation on each of these risk factors can have on reducing crashes, injuries and deaths. A summary of the region’s legislation on the 5 risk factors is shown in Figure 4. It indicates that while the majority of countries have national laws to regulate speed, drink-driving, motorcycle helmet and seat belts, these laws frequently fail to meet criteria for best practice. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20158 Reducing speeding Although the majority of countries in the region (93%) have a national speed limit law, very few of them meet WHO’s two criteria for best practice on speed legislation in urban areas: only half of countries have a law that allow local authorities to modify the local speed limits, while just 44% have their maximum urban speed limits lower or equal than 50 km/h, as is considered best practice. Seven countries, (Algeria, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe) meet both these 2 criteria. Drink-driving WHO recommends that drink-driving laws should be based on blood alcohol concentration limits no more than 0.05g/dl, with lower limits for young and novice drivers who constitute a high risk group. While 95% of countries in the region have some type of national drink-driving law, only 33 countries base this law on breath or blood alcohol concentration, and only 8 have a BAC limit of less than or equal to 0.05 g/dl as is recommended. Only one country in the region, Algeria, meets WHO’s criteria for best practice on drink-driving laws, namely having a law based on a BAC of less than or equal to 0.05g/dl and having a limit of less than 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers. Motorcycle helmet Wearing a motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death by almost 40% and the risk of severe injury by approximately 70%. Effective enforcement of motorcycle helmet laws can increase helmet-wearing rates and thereby reduce head injuries. Most (93%) countries in the African region have a motorcycle helmet law but only 11 have a law that meets WHO’s standards of best practice, that is it applies to both drivers and adult passengers, all road types, all engine types, and stipulates that Seat-belts Drink-driving Speed Motorcycle helmets Child restraints 34.8 20.9 60 40 30 10 FIGURE 4 Legislation on key behavioural risk factors 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 With a national law With a national law that meet best practice legistlative criteria 88.3 39.5 95.3 2.3 93 16.3 93 13.9 (% ) 9ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 the helmet be properly fastened. The effectiveness of national helmet legislation in reducing injuries also depends on the quality of helmets worn: 40% of countries specify a national or international standard. Only 6 countries (Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Swaziland) meet all these best practice criteria, i.e. have both a comprehensive law and specify a standard, with this figure higher among middle income countries (20%) than among low-income countries (9%). Seat-belt law Wearing a seat-belt reduces the risk of a fatality among drivers and front-seat occupants by 45–50%, and up to about 25% among rear-seat occupants. Seat- belt legislation, when combined with strong and sustained enforcement, is an effective mechanism for increasing seat-belt wearing rates. While 38 countries (88%) in the region have a seat-belt law, only 17 (40%) have a seat-belt law that meets best practice, meaning it applies to drivers, front seat passengers and rear- seat passengers, with this figure higher among middle income countries (45%) than among low-income countries (35%). Child restraints Children in appropriate restraints are significantly less likely to be killed or injured than unrestrained children, and are also less likely to be killed or injured than children using adult seat-belts. Furthermore, young children are safer sitting in the rear seat than in the front seat. Fifteen countries (35%) in the region have a national child restraint law while 17 countries (40%) restrict children from sitting in the front seat. Nine countries have laws in line with best practice with regard to child restraints, specifically that restricts children under a certain age from sitting in the front and have a child restraint law based on age, weight and-or height. Risk factor Best practice legislative criteria as defined by WHO for this report Countries meeting legislative criteria for best practice Speed Setting national speed limits with maximum urban speed limits lower than or equal to 50 km/h and local authorities are allowed to reduce speed limits 7 countries (16%) Algeria, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe Drink-driving National drink-driving law based on BAC or equivalent BrAC- BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl 1 country (2%) Algeria Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers, all road types, all engine types, requires helmet to be properly fastened and meet a national or international standard 6 countries (14%) Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Swaziland Seat-belts National seat-belt law applies to drivers, front seat and rear seat passengers 17 countries (40%) Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Togo, Uganda and Zambia Child restraints National child restraint law based on age- weight- height or a combination of these factors and restrict children under a certain age-height from sitting in front seat 9 countries (21%) Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Guinea, Mozambique and Zambia TABLE 1 Best practice legislative criteria met by countries of the African region ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201510 More enforcement of laws on key risk factors is needed While there is clear evidence that enforcement is critical to the success of road safety laws, the levels of enforcement that are needed for maximum impact are often insufficient. In countries where legislation has not previously been accompanied by enforcement, particularly visible and high levels of enforcement may be needed to persuade the public that breaking the law in future may result in a penalty. The report assessed levels of enforcement of the existing laws on key road safety risk factors in the Region, and reveals that across all 5 risk factors; the potential impact of these laws to save lives is vastly unattained. Seat-belt and motorcycle helmet laws appear better enforced but still only 23% and 19% of countries respectively report good enforcement of their existing laws (Figure 5). More effort is needed to collect data on intermediate indicators In order to assess the effectiveness of efforts to improve road user behaviour, countries need to collect regular data on intermediate indicators. This will given an indication on the effectiveness of the implemenation and enforcement of the law. Data from this report show that most countries in the region lack this data, specifically on helmet wearing, seat-belt wearing rates, use of child restraints and © C ris p in H ug he s 11ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 the proportion of deaths attributable to alcohol (Table 2). This indicates the need for countries to strengthen data collection on these indicators, a crucial step to allow monitoring of on going efforts to address road user behaviour. TABLE 2 Availability of intermediate indicators that measure law enforcment in African region Risk factor Indicator Number of countries with data (%) Range Drink-driving Proportion of annual road traffic deaths attributable to alcohol impairment 21% 1.3–60% Motorcycle helmet wearing rate Drivers 14% 15.3–90% Passengers 16% 1–90% All riders 16% 9–95% Seat belt wearing rate Drivers 19% 17.6–93.8% Front seat occupants 21% 4.9–97.4% Rear seat occupants 14% 0.2–15% All occupants 14% <1–63.8% Child restraint wearing rate 0 — It should be noted, however, that a high proportion of countries in the region include targets on these behavioural risk factors in their national road safety strategies: for example, 70% have targets to reduce drink–driving, 72% to reduce speed,and 35% to increase child restraint use. While specifying targets within a national strategy is an important method of motivating success, to be effective, this needs to go hand in hand with implementing ways of collecting this information. Speed Drinkdriving Motorcycle Helmets Seat Belt 20 15 5 FIGURE 5 Proportion of countries reporting their enforcment of key risk factors as good* 10 25 0 30 *Good enforcement considered as 8 or above on a scale of 0 to 10 6.9 4.6 18.6 23.2 Child Restraints 0 (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201512 Policymakers must make vehicles and roads safer Only one country in the region applies any of the 7 priority UN safety standards for new cars Safe vehicles play an important role in averting a crash and reducing the likelihood of serious consequences in the event of a crash. At the international level, there are efforts to harmonize the different national systems of regulations, ultimately facilitating the roll-out of best practice and making practices such as de-specification of safety features more difficult. The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations is the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards and its regulations provide a legal framework covering a range of vehicle standards for UN Member States to apply voluntarily. There are a set of 7 international standards that are increasingly accepted as basic minimum standards for vehicle manufacture/assembly for passenger vehicles. Rapid motorization in low- and middle-income countries/areas, where the risk of a road traffic crash is highest, and the increasing production of vehicles that is taking place in these emerging economies, means there is an urgent need for these priority vehicle standards to be implemented globally. © S ve n To rfi nn 13ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Data on vehicle standards revealed that all countries in the region fail to apply the 7 UN priority safety standards (relating to seat-belts fixtures and anchorages, frontal impact and side impact, electronic stability control, child restraint fixtures and pedestrian protection). Indeed, only South Africa applies standards for electronic stability control, pedestrian protection, seat belt anchorages and child restraints.1 Safer roads and sustainable transport With respect to the importance of sustainable transport and the movement of safe public transport, shift to non-motorized modes and separating vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists) is increasing around the world. Within the African region, however, while there has been a reported increase in countries with national polices to encourage walking and/or cycling and to invest public transport between 2013 and 2015, the proportion of countries with national policies to separate vulnerable road users declined over the same period (Figure 6). However, it is important to mention that these strategies if planned in isolation can exacerbate a road safety problem. For example, encouraging walking and cycling strategies, if not accompanied by other measures – such as effective speed management and the provision of pedestrian and cycling safety measures – could actually lead to increases in road traffic injuries. This is particularly important in this region with the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths, and where speed is such a critical factor in improving road safety. 1 Vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle and data was analysed and interpreted by Global NCAP4 PEDESTRIANS ACCOUNT FOR 39% OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS in the African region, yet only one African country has signed up to the UN safety standard that protects pedestrians in the event of a crash. Encourage walking and cycling Investment of public transport Separate vulnerable road users 27.3 23.3 80 60 20 FIGURE 6 Proportion of countries with national policies to support sustainable transport , African region, 2013 and 2015 40 0 100 2013 2015 4.5 11.6 25 39.5 (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201514 Safety through design and review Decisions made at the design stage of a road infrastructure project can have a significant impact on the level of death and injury of the road. Specifying safety standards and acting on findings of a road safety design audit can all identify if further design modifications can increase safety. Currently 33 countries, (77%) in the region require some type of road safety audit on new roads, although these vary greatly in what they cover, and thus in quality. Existing road infrastructure should also be regularly assessed for safety, with a focus on roads with the highest crash risk: 74% countries currently assess parts of existing road safety networks. Getting the injured to quality care In high-income countries, delivering emergency care at the scene of the collision and getting crash victims quickly to a health-care facility is often performed by professionally trained providers using sophisticated equipment and designated vehicles. However, in low- and middle-income countries, laypeople such as community leaders, police, or taxi drivers who are trained in basic injury care and the coordination of transportation to a health-care facility can also fulfil these roles. The most efficient way to activate an emergency response is through a universal, centralized access number with a central dispatch system. However, when universal access numbers are unavailable (under development or during disasters), partial measures to facilitate access, including simple mechanisms to advise patients on the nearest facility and transport options, such as public broadcasts, mobile phone applications, electronic billboards or other mechanisms that provide real-time updates on available care resources are utilised. In the African region, 14 countries (33%) have an emergency access number, while 18 countries have multiple numbers and another 11 have no such numbers. Health-care staff must be trained in emergency care Once at a health-care facility, a systematic clinical approach to the management of road traffic victim’s injuries can improve outcomes. Hospitals in low- and middle- income countries are often staffed by general practitioners and nurses who treat a high volume of trauma patients every day, frequently without the support of dedicated trauma care training. Implementing accredited courses on trauma care for doctors and nurses in hospitals receiving a high-volume of trauma victims is an effective way of improving this care. In this assessment, while 25 of 43 (58%) of the region’s participating countries report having some type of emergency specialty for doctors, only 14 (33%) have equivalent programmes for nurses. Data on road traffic injuries need to be strengthened Data on road traffic fatalities are essential for monitoring country-level trends, tailoring prevention efforts, assessing progress and comparing the scale of road traffic deaths relative to deaths from other causes. ONLY 14 COUNTRIES IN THE REGION have an emergency access number, which can be important in activating an emergency response system. 15ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Vital registration data fulfil these needs best as they are a record of all officially registered deaths and are not time-limited. For example, a person who dies from injury complications a few months after a road traffic crash may or may not be issued with a death certificate showing the road traffic injury as the contributing cause of death. Such deaths will therefore not be coded as road traffic death, leading to distortions in the overall official numbers. In addition, not all countries have vital registration systems that provide cause of death information: although 35 countries have a vital registration system in place, only 15 of them (35%) could provide a figure from this source on the number of road traffic deaths. Where countries do not have vital registration data of good quality, police data is often an unreliable source of information on road traffic fatalities. However, countries still have no consistent definition of a road traffic death for use in police databases: of the 43 participating African countries, 22 (51%) now use a 30-day definition for their official road traffic fatality data. In addition the definitional issues related to fatality data, official data, largely from police sources, vastly underestimate the extent of road traffic deaths and injuries. In the African region, 40% of countries have a five-fold increase between the estimated and reported figures, while in some countries this difference is over 30 fold. At a regional level, while there are an estimated 246 718 deaths in the African region, only 65 8882 of these were reported. The extent of underreporting of fatality data is most significant in the African and Western Pacific regions, where official estimates comprise just under a third of the estimated Global status report figure (27% and 30% respectively). Linking data sources (i.e. vital registration records, police data, insurance data) can improve official road traffic fatality estimates, but this process is not widely adopted. While 79% of the region’s countries use police data as their official estimates, only 4 countries link health and police data, suggesting that there is a need to strengthen the health-police linkages as one way of making the data more robust. As well as data on the number of deaths, countries need information on who is dying on the world’s roads in order to provide better opportunity for better understanding the epidemiological pattern of road traffic deaths among countries and best target their prevention efforts. Sixteen countries still do not have data on the breakdown of deaths by sex, while 28 of the 43 participating countries do not collect information on the age of road traffic victims. For every person that dies in a road traffic crash there are at least 20 others that sustain non-fatal injuries. These injuries can have considerable impact on quality of life, and often carry with them significant economic costs. While progress has been made in allowing international comparisons of fatality data using comparable methods, it is much harder to make cross-country comparisons of non-fatal injuries. 2 Reported number adjusted to 30 days. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201516 Most official data for road traffic injuries are collected by police, yet not all crashes are reported to – or recorded by – the police. Furthermore, accurate assessment of injury severity requires specialized training. Absence of such training means police often rely on proxy indicators such as whether the injured person required hospital admission. However, severity indicators such as this are not standardized across countries – a situation further complicated by issues related to access to care. In the African region, 42% of countries have no classification system for non- fatal injuries, suggesting a need to build capacity in this area towards the use of international classification systems. As a result, many countries now use hospital data as the basis for figures on non-fatal injuries. On their own, hospital data are not a substitute for police data, but using hospital data in addition to police data can provide valuable in-depth information on outcomes and costs. Approximately 37% of countries in the region currently report having a national emergency room-based injury surveillance system from 27% in countries in 2011 to 37% of countries in 2013. 17ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Conclusions and recommendations • Over 246 000 road traffic deaths occur each year in the African region. The region has the highest fatality rate in the world, at 26.6 per 100 000 (relative to the global rate of 17.4 per 100 000). • Vulnerable road users comprise 50% of these deaths. The region has the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths, at 39%, suggesting that this group must be at the core of governments efforts to make their roads safer. • This regional summary highlights a number of areas in which progress needs to be made. Promulgating and enforcing laws based on best practice that relate to key behavioural risk factors is essential to realizing such change. But this factsheet shows that most countries in the region have multiple areas of their legislation that need to be improved. • The data presented here also suggest that lack of enforcement is undermining the potential of existing road safety laws to reduce injuries and deaths. Strengthening legislation would not be complete without strengthening the enforcement. Data from the report indicated the low enforcement among key risk factors. In order to monitor the enforcement, conducting routinely observational studies is crucial • The factsheet shows that only one country has applied some of the international vehicle standards. While levels of motorization are low in the region, a number of countries it the region are undergoing rapid motorization. Governments must urgently sign up to the minimum international vehicle standards as requirements for manufacturers and assemblers, and limit the importing and sale of sub-standard vehicles in their countries. • The factsheet also highlights that countries need to do more to ensure that road infrastructure is safe. Road safety audits should be conducted on both new and existing roads, assessing the safety as it relates to the needs of all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists. Making walking and cycling safer will also have other positive co-benefits if these non-motorized forms of transport become more popular, including more physical exercise, reduced emissions, and the health benefits associated with such changes. • In most countries in the region, official road traffic injury data are vastly underreported. There is a need to strengthen the reporting and quality of traffic data in order to provide evidence based information for policy makers. • The number of road traffic deaths that occur each year in the African region has increased slightly over the past 3 years, although with increasing population growth this corresponds to a slight decrease in rate per 100 000 population. The region has the world’s highest road traffic fatality rate. If the international road safety targets set for the Sustainable Development Goals – a halving of deaths by 2020 – are to be met, then strong political will and rapid action is needed by governments within the African Region. For references or more information on the methodology, please see http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_safety_ status/2015/en/ ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201518 C ou nt ry p ro fil es © G eo rg e O so di 19ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 © G eo rg e O so di 7 ALGERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2013–2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 7 308 539 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 677 596 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 102 Heavy trucks 526 133 Buses 125 161 Other 1 959 547 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 540b (82% M) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 9 337 (95%CI 7 985–10 689) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.8 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Note: There are no data on % deaths of females. Population: 39 208 194 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 330 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Driversc, 90% Front seatsc National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR) (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f F or eig n A ffa irs . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201520 81 ANGOLA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Traffic Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Yes (not specified) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 581 530 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 403 794 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 103 104 Heavy trucks 68 530 Buses 1 477 Other 4 625 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 305b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 769 (95%CI 4 626–6 912) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Road Traffic Directorate (DNVT)/ General Command of Traffic Polic (CGPN). Defined as died at scene of crash. Population: 21 471 618 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 170 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 60% Driversc, 40% Passengersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seatsc, 15% Rear seatsc National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Weight/Height Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 2013, DNVT/CGPN. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 500 1000 Source: DNVT/CGPN. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: DNVT/CGPN (data from 2013). Pedestrians (35%) Other (63%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) 21ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 95 BENIN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 34 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 28 156 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 Heavy trucks 1 209 Buses 1 278 Other 3 443 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 658b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 2 855 (95%CI 2 398–3 312) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b CNSR Database. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 10 323 474 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 790 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law No BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement — % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 15% Driversd, 1% Passengersd National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No d 2013, Study by Handicap International and Alinagnon. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 Source: CNSR and INSAE (institut national statistique analyse economique) DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: CNSR database (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (9%) Pedestrians (21%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%) Other (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (56%) Cyclists (2%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201522 99 BOTSWANA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011– 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Subnational Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 520 793 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 454 093 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 649 Heavy trucks 29 654 Buses 2 023 Other 31 374 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple Numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 411b (74% M, 26%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 477 (95%CI 412–542) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Records. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 2 021 144 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 770 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 10%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Police Records (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y D ep ar tm en t o f R oa d T ra ns po rt an d S afe ty. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (24%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (44%) Pedestrians (27%) Drivers/passengers buses (5%) 10 23ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015102 BURKINA FASO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Office (ONASER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 1 545 903 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 702 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 706 Heavy trucks 24 139 Buses 9 615 Other 31 741 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 18 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 125b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 072 (95%CI 4 064–6 080) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 30.0 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Police and National Gendarmerie. Defined as died at scene of crash. Population: 16 934 839 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 670 Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f in fra str uc tu re an d T ra ns po rts . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 200 400 Source: National Police and National Gendarmerie. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All ridersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No c Not based on BAC. d 2008, Report on the Contextual Study of Hemet use for Developing a National Strategy on the use of Helmets in Burkina Faso. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201524 103 CABO VERDE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2013–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 56 690 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 292 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 207 Heavy trucks 9 088 Buses 103 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 41b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 130 (95%CI 113–147) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 498 897 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 620 Le gis lat ive an aly sis co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE 29 . O th er da ta co lle cte d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f In te rn al Ad m ini str at ion . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age/ Weight/Height Enforcement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes 25ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 105 CAMEROON INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 119 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 095b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 136 (95%CI 5 035–7 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.0% c b Police Records. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. c 2008, Ministry of Transport, National Strategy Report, p. 10. Population: 22 253 959 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 290 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit Nod Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d There are no motorways in Cameroon. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P 2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d T ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 1400 200 400 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201526 107 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 995 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 32 480 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 118 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012–2013) 45b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 495 (95%CI 1 169–1 821) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Service of Transport Statistics. Defined as died at scene of crash. Data apply only to Bangui. Population: 4 616 417 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt an d C ivi l A via tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 27ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015108 CHAD INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target From 4.41% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 622 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 5.0% of total accidentsb b Division of Occupational Medicine, Public Health Ministry (data from 2012). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 420c WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 089 (95%CI 2 420–3 758) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c Police records. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 12 825 314 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 020 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: Commission of Road Accident Observation (National Police). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201528112 CONGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 110 438 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 967 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 83 563 Heavy trucks 2 449 Buses 1 459 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 206b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 174 (95%CI 976–1 373) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Directorate General for Land Transport (DGTT). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 4 447 632 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 590 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P 2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 150 200 250 300 50 100 Source: Combined sources (DGTT and CNSEE). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 29ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 115 CÔTE D'IVOIRE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Office of Road Safety (OSER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% among pedestrians fatalities (2012–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 594 071 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 445 553 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53 468 Heavy trucks 71 288 Buses 23 762 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 844b (75% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 4 924 (95%CI 4 043–5 805) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 0.5%c b Office of Road Safety (OSER). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2012, OSER/National Institute of Statistics/UEMOA. Population: 20 316 086 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 450 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100 200 Source: Office of Road Safety. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Office of Road Safety (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (35%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (10%) Drivers/passengers buses (9%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%) Cyclists (2%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201530120 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2010 350 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 463b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 22 419 (95%CI 17 966–26 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 33.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Road Traffic Police of the city province of Kinshasa (PCR). Definded as died within 7 days of crash. Data only apply to Kinshasa. Population: 67 513 677 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 430 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.05 0.1 Source: Road Traffic Police (PCR). Data only apply to Kinshasa. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Police (PCR) (this was from the 2nd GSRRS, where data refer to 2010). Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (70%) Pedestrians (5%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (6%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (15%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (1%) 31ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015128 ERITREA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communication/ Land Transport Authority/Control and Safety Division Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2nd Quarter 2014 70 319 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 49 040 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 321 Heavy trucks 13 240 Buses 4 718 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 148b (76% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 527 (95%CI 1 249–1 805) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Eritrean Traffic Police. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 6 333 135 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All ridersc, 90% Passengersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 60% Front seatsc, 10% Rear seatsc National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Eritrean Police Traffic Report (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive an aly sis co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Source: Ministry of Transport and Communication and Eritrean Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Eritrean Traffic Police (data from 2013). Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (26%) Pedestrians (40%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (18%) Drivers/passengers buses (9%) Cyclists (7%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201532130 ETHIOPIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Office Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Subnational Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012/2013 478 244 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 280 886 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 58 006 Heavy trucks 92 118 Buses 47 234 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012/2013) 3 362b (79% M, 21%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 23 837 (95%CI 18 528–29 146) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 0.8–0.9%c b Ethiopian Federal Police Commission. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2008, UNECA ''Road Safety in Ethiopia Case Study". Population: 94 100 756 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 470 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 4%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupantse National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Ethiopian Federal Police Commission (data from 2012/2013). e Ethiopian Federal Police Commission (data from 2013/2014). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y N at ion al Ro ad Sa fet y C ou nc il O ffi ce . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 | 2003– 2004 | 2004– 2005 | 2005– 2006 | 2006– 2007 | 2007– 2008 | 2008– 2009 | 2009– 2010 | 2010– 2011 | 2011– 2012 | 2012– 2013 0.5 1 Source: Ethiopian Federal Police Commission. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 33ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015134 GABON INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects — Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure — Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2010 195 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 45b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 383 (95%CI 316–450) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 22.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR). Data from 7 out of 10 provinces. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 1 671 711 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 650 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.05 0.1 Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201534 135 GAMBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure — Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005 to 2013 54 471 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 564 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 420 Heavy trucks 1 691 Buses 6 796 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 112 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 115b (69% M, 31%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 544 (95%CI 438–650) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 29.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit. Defined as there is no specific legislation on defining road traffic death, however road traffic deaths are confirmed by a medical practitioner. Population: 1 849 285 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 500 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 2%d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. d The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt, W or ks an d I nf ra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Source: The Gambia Police Accidents Statistics Unit. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 35ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015138 GHANA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 532 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 876 143 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 349 809 Heavy trucks 120 468 Buses 173 651 Other 12 009 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 193 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 2 240b (77% M, 23%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 789 (95%CI 5 877–7 701) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.6%c b National Accident Statistics 2012 produced by CSIR-BRRI for NRSC. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2004, Journal of Building & Road Research Vol. 11, Dec 2008. Population: 25 904 598 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 770 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 34% Driversd, 2% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Driverse, 5% Front seatse National child restraint law Nof Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No d 2010, Traffic Injury Prevention, Vol. 11; 522–525. e 2010, Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community Vol 38:4; 280–289. f Children in front seats under 5 have to be held in an appropriate restraint. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: National Accident Statistics 2012. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Accident Statistics 2012 (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (42%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (8%) Drivers/passengers buses (8%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (14%) Cyclists (4%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201536 141 GUINEA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Programme on Trauma Care Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011 33 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 927 Heavy trucks 369 Buses 38 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 629b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 211 (95%CI 2 640–3 781) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police Directorate. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. Population: 11 745 189 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 460 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e Year Number of road traffic deaths 2010 503 2012 298 2013 629 Source: Traffic Police Directorate. 37ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015142 GUINEA-BISSAU INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate for Traffic and Land Transport (DGVTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011–2014 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 60 297 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 942 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 5.0%b b National Health Service (data from 2013). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 96c WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 468 (95%CI 387–548) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c DGVTT/National Transport Group. Defined as died within 48 hours of crash. Population: 1 704 255 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 590 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 5%e National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No d Not based on BAC. e DGVTT/National Transport Group (data for 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e Year Deaths per 100 000 population 2011 6.2 2012 4.2 2013 5.7 Source: National Transport Group. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201538158 KENYA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009–2014) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 2 011 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 962 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 738 219 Heavy trucks 157 306 Buses 95 644 Other 58 803 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 999 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 3 191b (65% M, 35%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 12 891 (95%CI 10 809–14 974) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 29.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Kenya National Police Service. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 44 353 691 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 160 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: Kenya National Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Kenya National Police Service (data from 2013). Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (34%) Pedestrians (47%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%) Cyclists (14%) 39ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 165 LESOTHO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 122 997 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 327b (33% M, 14%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 584 (95%CI 491–677) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Report. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 2 074 465 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 500 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 15 20 25 5 10 Source: Police Reports. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police Report (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (17%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (40%) Pedestrians (30%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (1%) Other (7%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201540166 LIBERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy — Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) — WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 448 (95%CI 1 144–1 752) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 33.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — Population: 4 294 077 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 410 Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial W elf ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 41ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015170 MADAGASCAR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Commission for Road Safety (CISR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2014–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 219 576 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 122 641 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44 129 Heavy trucks 22 589 Buses 30 217 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 609b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 506 (95%CI 5 361–7 650) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Combined sources. Defined as died within 24 hours of crash. Population: 22 924 851 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/hc Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 50km/h but can be modified up to 80km/h. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.5 1 Source: Police and Hospital Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201542 171 MALAWI INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2014–2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles until June 2014 437 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 332 542 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24 943 Heavy trucks 51 518 Buses 28 413 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 977b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 732 (95%CI 4 606–6 858) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 35.0 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Malawi Traffic Police Services. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 16 362 567 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 270 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Source: National Statistics Office. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Accident Database (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (27%) Pedestrians (49%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (17%) 43ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015174 MALI INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency of Road Safety (ANASER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 289 828 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 162 481 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 369 Heavy trucks 18 220 Buses 26 150 Other 34 608 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 20 23 99 86 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 529b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 920 (95%CI 3 193–4 648) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Agency of Road Safety. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 15 301 650 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 670 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 18% All ridersd National seat-belt law Noe Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. d Result of Polls conducted by ANASER (data from 2012). e Seat-belts are only required outside cities. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f E qu ipm en t a nd Tr an sp or t. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Source: ANASER/Direction National des Transports/Police/ Gendarmerie/INSTAT. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Agency of Road Safety (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (11%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Pedestrians (27%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (16%) Drivers/passengers buses (18%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (21%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201544 177 MAURITANIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 416 190 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 204b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 952 (95%CI 788–1 116) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Ministry of Equipment and Transport. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 3 889 880 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 060 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc,d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Noe Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. d Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. e Seat-belts on rear seats only required outside urban areas. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 150 200 250 300 50 100 Source: Ministry of Equipment and Transport. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 45ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015178 MAURITIUS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 443 495 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 055 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 785 Heavy trucks 14 061 Buses 2 963 Other 8 631 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 114 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 136b (78% M, 22%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 152 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 12.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, April 2014. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 1 244 403 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 290 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 24%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seatsd, <1% Rear seatsd National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Police Road Safety Unit (data from 2013). d Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit (data from 2011). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic In fra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, Issue No. 1102, April 2014. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, Issue No. 1102, April 2014 (data from 2013). Drivers (4+ wheels) (4%) Passengers (4+ wheels) (18%) Pedestrians (35%) Other (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (31%) Cyclists (10%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201546 185 MOZAMBIQUE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport (INATTER) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 542 336 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 459 604 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 64 987 Heavy trucks 12 944 Buses 0 Other 4 801 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 744b (80% M, 20%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 8 173 (95%CI 6 502–9 843) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police of Mozambique. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 25 833 752 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 610 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/hc Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age/ Weight/Height Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 60km/h within towns and 120km/h outside of towns. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d N at ion al In sti tu te of La nd Tr an sp or t ( IN AT TE R) . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 Source: National Institute of Land Transport (INATTER). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 47ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 187 NAMIBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 280 583 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 257 378 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 854 Heavy trucks 7 842 Buses 3 984 Other 5 525 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system — Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 308b (72% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 551 (95%CI 474–628) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Road Safety Council. Defined as died within 24 hours of crash. Population: 2 303 315 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 870 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 12% All ridersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 55% Front seats d, 1% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c National Road Safety Council (data from 2009). d Global Road Safety Partnership (commissioned by National Road Safety Council) (data from 2007). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y N at ion al Da ta Co or din at or. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 Source: National Road Safety Council. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Road Safety Council (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (31%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (30%) Pedestrians (32%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (1%) Other (1%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201548192 NIGER INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Traffic and Road Safety (DC/SR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 315 600 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 190 067 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 109 499 Heavy trucks 7 519 Buses 8 515 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 806b (69% M) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 4 706 (95%CI 3 741–5 670) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.0%c b Ministry of Transport (DC/SR). Defined as died at scene of crash. Note: There are no data on % deaths among females. c Ministry of Transport, Study conducted by Global Road Safety Partnership in 2007 (data from 2006). Population: 17 831 270 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0.5 1 Source: Ministry of Transport (DC/SR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Ministry of Transport (DC/SR) (data from 2007). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (20%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (47%) Pedestrians (33%) 49ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 193 NIGERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in crash fatalities by 2015 (Accra Declaration); Reducing RTC fatalities by 2020 (UN Decade of Action); 25% annually for 2014 reduction in fatalities and 15% in RTC (-) (FRSC Nigeria) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 5 791 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 267 139 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 524 307 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 6 450b (75% M, 25%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 35 641 (95%CI 27 949–43 332) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 20.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 3.0%c b FRSC. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2011, National Road Safety Strategy (NRSS). Population: 173 615 345 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 710 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 1%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 87% Front seatsd, 10% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Federal Road Safety Corps (data from 2013). d Federal Road Safety Corps and Observatory (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y F ed er al Ro ad Sa fet y C or ps (F RS C) . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Source: Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201550210 RWANDA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2008–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 107 411 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 43 395 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 622 Heavy trucks 3 849 Buses 12 545 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 912 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 526b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 782 (95%CI 3 022–4 541) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 11 776 522 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 630 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f In fra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 300 400 500 600 100 200 Source: Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 51ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 215 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 112 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 33b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 60 (95%CI 47–73) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Hospital Statistics Service Dr. Ayres de Menezes. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 192 993 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 470 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law No BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement — % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 15 20 25 30 35 5 10 Source: General Command of the National Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: General Command of the National Police (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (25%) Riders motorized 2- or 3- wheelers (32%) Pedestrians (43%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201552 217 SENEGAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2012–2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 401 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 299 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 34 197 Heavy trucks 21 897 Buses 16 925 Other 29 838 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple Numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 367b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 844 (95%CI 3 214–4 474) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1%c b National Gendarmerie. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. c Directorate of Land Transport (data from 2012). Population: 14 133 280 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 050 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd,e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 54% Driversf, 14% Passengersf National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. e Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. f 2011, Review Medicine in Black Africa, Study on the Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Scooter Accidents in Dakar (Study conducted on 246 patients) (data from 2007/2008). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial Ac tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100 200 Source: National Gendarmerie (data for 2002–2007) and Bulletin of Analysis of Physical Accidents (BAAC) (data for 2008–2011). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 53ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 219 SEYCHELLES INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transport (DOT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Subnational Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 18 606 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 773 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 307 Heavy trucks 68 Buses 458 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 999 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 8b (88% M, 13%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 8.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police and Health Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 92 838 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 210 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 65 km/h Max motorway speed limit 85 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 60%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Driversd, 90% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seatsd, 2% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Police report (data from 2013). d DOT/Police report/SLTA (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d M ini str y o f H om e A ffa irs an d T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 Source: Health/ Police/ Department of Transport. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police record (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Pedestrians (75%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201554220 SIERRA LEONE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Sierra Leone Road Safety Authority Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 68 802 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 685 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 969 Heavy trucks 703 Buses 469 Other 2 976 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 2244 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 220b (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 661 (95%CI 1 334–1 988) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.3%c b Hospital Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2013, Government of Sierra Leone National Road Safety Strategy 2013–2015, p. 9. Population: 6 092 075 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 40%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use No Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d Sierra Leone Police Statistics (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 55ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015226 SOUTH AFRICA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Traffic Management Corporation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 9 909 923 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 894 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 367 231 Heavy trucks 350 498 Buses 54 494 Other 243 461 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2010–2011) 13 802b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 13 273 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 7.8%c b Road Traffic Management Corporation. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c Road Traffic Management Corporation and iRAP (data from 2013). Population: 52 776 130 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 190 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 58%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Driverse, 31% Front seatse National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) (data from 2010). e Traffic Offence Survey RTMC (data from 2010). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y R oa d T ra ffi c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 0 15 20 25 30 35 5 10 Source: Road Traffic Management Corporation. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Management Corporation (data from 2010–2011). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (29%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (38%) Pedestrians (33%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201556 231 SWAZILAND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swaziland Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 180 103 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 140 941 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 014 Heavy trucks 11 279 Buses 10 402 Other 13 467 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 197b (67% M, 33%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 303 (95%CI 263–343) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Royal Swaziland Police Service. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. Population: 1 249 514 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 990 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 Source: Royal Swaziland Police Service. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Royal Swaziland Police Service (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (21%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (42%) Pedestrians (33%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Cyclists (2%) 57ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015238 TOGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Office of Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011 58 111 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 11 739 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41 838 Heavy trucks 4 440 Buses 94 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 118 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 971b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 2 123 (95%CI 1 719–2 526) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Ministry of Public Works and Transport. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 6 816 982 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 530 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 200 400 Source: Ministry of Transport (note: figures for 2007, 2008, 2009 do not include data from Ministry of Security). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201558244 UGANDA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 1 228 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 2.8%b b Community Survey in Mokuno (data from 1999). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 2 937c (79% M, 21%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 10 280 (95%CI 7 820–12 739) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c Annual Traffic Report. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 37 578 876 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 550 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Driversd, 1% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Source: Police Report, Statistical Abstract. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Annual Traffic Report 2013 (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (3%) Pedestrians (40%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%) Other (14%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (30%) Cyclists (8%) 59ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 247 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget - National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy - Fatality reduction target - SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 1 509 786 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 511 604 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 808 984 Heavy trucks 85 931 Buses 48 698 Other 54 569 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 002b (80% M, 20%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 16 211 (95%CI 13 116–19 307) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 3.4%c b Traffic Police. Defined as died within one year and a day. c 2007, Bureau of Industrial Cooperation (BICO) Report. Population: 49 253 126 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 630 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial W elf ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 500 1000 Source: Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Traffic Police (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Passengers (all vehicles) (28%) Pedestrians (31%) Other (1%) Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%) Cyclists (11%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201560 255 ZAMBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Transport and Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 534 532 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 911 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 851b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 586 (95%CI 2 914–4 257) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Zambia Police Records. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 14 538 640 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 810 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 500 1000 Source: Zambia Police and Health Facilities. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Zambia Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (37%) Pedestrians (37%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Cyclists (12%) | 2012 61ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015256 ZIMBABWE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Traffic Safety Council of Zimbabwe Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 927 129 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 787b (61% M, 39%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 985 (95%CI 3 319–4 652) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Zimbabwe Republic Police Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 14 149 648 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 860 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d C hil d C ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 500 1000 Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (8%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Pedestrians (16%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (50%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (6%) Cyclists (4%) WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_traffic/en/ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION-REGIONAL OFFICE FOR AFRICA Disability, Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Environmental Health (NDE) Cité du Djoué P.O.Box 06 Brazzaville Republic of CongoFo r fu rt he r de ta ils p le as e se e: ht tp :/ /w w w .w ho .in t/ vi ol en ce _i nj ur y_ pr ev en ti on /r oa d_ sa fe ty _s ta tu s/ 20 15 /e n/

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Printed by the WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland. Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies 1ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Contents Road safety in the African Region: key facts 2 Background: the international road safety context 3 Methodology 3 Findings 4 Conclusions and recommendations 17 Country profiles 18 ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20152 Road safety in the African Region: key facts • The African region has the highest estimated road traffic fatality rate of 26.6 per 100 000 population, despite having the lowest level of motorization in the world. • Half of all road traffic deaths in the region occur among vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists). The African region has the highest proportion of deaths among pedestrians at 39%. This indicates an urgent need for policymakers to ensure the prioritisation of interventions specifically targeted at improving the safety of these vulnerable road users. • While the majority of countries in the region have enacted national laws on key behavioural risk factors (speed, drink–driving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints), in very few countries in the region do these laws meet best practice. • In order for road safety legislation to be effective, there needs to be sustained and strong enforcement. In most countries in the region, enforcement of key road safety laws is weak, thus limiting the ability of legislation to achieve its full potential. • Developing intermediate indicators is important in order to measure changes in road user behaviour, and thus allow an assessment of programmes that include legislation and enforcement. However, to date there are few countries in the region report data on helmet-wearing rates, seat-belt wearing rates, or the proportion of deaths attributed to alcohol. • Vehicle safety is a key component for road safety. Only one country in the region applies 4 of the 7 UN priority vehicle safety standards. • Road traffic fatality data are vastly underreported in the region, with estimated figures almost 4 times that of the official reported figures, while the quality of data on non-fatal injuries is also of concern. • While a number of countries in the region have adopted policies to encourage walking and cycling, there is concern that if these are not accompanied by additional safety measures – notably speed reduction, they will not achieve the desired effects, and may indeed make roads more dangerous for vulnerable road users. 3ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Background: the international road safety context Globally, road traffic injuries claim approximately 1.25 million lives each year and have a huge impact on health and development. They are the leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 and 29 years, and cost governments approximately 3% of GDP (and up to 5% in low- and middle- income countries). In addition to the deaths, millions of people suffer non-fatal injuries each year as a result of road traffic crashes, while there are additional indirect health consequences that are associated with this growing epidemic (for example, respiratory problems associated with high emissions, as well as reduced physical activities such as walking and cycling and the associated negative health consequences). In 2010 the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 64/2551, which proclaimed 2011–2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety. The resolution called on countries to implement the measures identified internationally to make their roads safer. The UN General Assembly also invited WHO to monitor progress through its Global status report on road safety series, and as such, serve to highlight gaps and guide action on road safety in countries. In September 2015, road safety was included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, the health goal, has an ambitious target of reducing by half the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. In addition, SDG11 related to providing access to sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, and expanding public transport1. Methodology The objectives of this third report are to describe the road safety situation in all Member States; identify gaps in road safety at national level and thereby stimulate road safety action; and monitor countries’ progress in implementing measures identified in the Global Plan of Action2. The current overview of road safety in the African region is developed with data from the Global status report on road safety 2015. Forty-three of the Region’s 47 countries participated, representing 97.5% of the regional population. This comprises 20 middle-income countries and 23 low-income countries. Data collection began in May 2014 and was completed by December 2014, validated with the National Data Coordinators and cleared by the government. New aspects to the methodology of this third report were the collection and analysis of all legislative documents from participating countries, and the inclusion of information on 7 key priority standards for vehicle safety. For more information on the methodology of these components please see Explanatory Notes 1-3 in the main report. 1 http://www.globalgoals.org/ 2 Ref global plan ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20154 Findings Every day, about 650 deaths occur on the Africa’s roads Almost a quarter of a million people were (246 718) killed on the region’s roads in 2013, approximately a fifth of the global total number of deaths. This means about 675 people die each day on the region’s roads. This is in addition to the burden of non-fatal injury, material damage and costs incurred. The African region has the highest road traffic fatality rate, despite being the region with the lowest level of motorization The African Region has the highest estimated road traffic death rates of 26.6 per 100 000 population, relative to a global rate of 17.4. However, the region is the least motorized, with 46.6 vehicles per 1000 people – relative to 510.3 vehicles per 1000 people in European region. In terms of absolute numbers of deaths and vehicles, Africa is over represented in terms of the number of road traffic deaths that occur on its roads, relative to its vehicle fleet: it contributes to 20% of the world’s road traffic deaths but has only 2.3% of the world’s vehicles. © J en ny M at th ew s Rank Estimated fatality rate/100 000 population 1 African Region (26.6) 2 Eastern Mediterranean Region (19.9) 3 Western Pacific Region (17.3) 4 South East Asia Region (17) 5 Region of Americas (15.9) 6 European Region (9.3) FIGURE 1 Road traffic fatalities and motorization, by WHO region. Rank Number of vehicles per 1000 persons 1 European region (510.3) 2 Region of Americas (502.8) 3 Western Pacific Region (250.5) 4 South East Asia Region (168.9) 5 Eastern Mediterranean Region (126.0) 6 European Region (46.6) 5ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Half of road traffic deaths are among vulnerable road users, while the region has the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths Half of all deaths on the region are among those with the least protection – motorcyclists pedestrians and cyclists. The African region has the highest proportion of pedestrian-related deaths at 39%. While the region has the lowest proportion of road traffic deaths among motorcyclists, at 7%, this may be a result of poor data quality, because most of the participating countries were unable to provide detailed data on deaths broken down by road user type. Indeed, data reported from many countries point to a large influx of motorcycles into the region, suggesting that preventing injuries among this group may become an increasing priority. FIGURE 2 Proportions of road traffic deaths by type of road users and WHO region 60 40 30 10 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 Car occupants African Region 40 7 4 39 11 Eastern Mediterranean Region 45 11 3 27 14 Western Pacific Region 22 34 7 23 14 South East Asia Region 16 34 3 13 34 Region of Americas 35 20 3 22 21 European Region 51 9 4 26 10 Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrains Others/unspecified (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20156 Car occupants and pedestrian related deaths are higher in middle-income countries while motorcyclist- and cyclist-related deaths are higher in low-income countries Although road traffic fatality rates are higher in low-income countries (29.2/100 000 population, compared to 23.3 in middle income countries and 22.9 in high income countries), there are variations between type of road users by income groups. Deaths among car occupants and pedestrians are higher in middle-income countries while motorcyclists and cyclist’s related deaths are higher in low-income countries (Figure 3). Multisectoral action is needed for effective national road safety strategies Coordination of road safety efforts across multiple sectors and stakeholders is critical for success. In many countries this role is fulfilled by a lead agency that ideally should have the authority and resources needed to coordinate the implementation of a national strategy. Car occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrains Others/ unspecified 8 12 60 40 30 10 FIGURE 3 Proportion of deaths by road users and income groups in the African region 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 Low-income Middle-income 34 43 12 3 7 2 39 40 (% ) 7ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Currently 40 countries in the African region report having an agency that leads national road safety efforts. In some countries these take the form of a designated stand-alone agency while in other countries, the lead agency is situated within a government ministry. Achieving sustained reductions in road traffic injuries requires countries to have a long-term vision and strategy for road safety, and to define the objectives to be attained within the strategy’s time period. The process for developing such a national strategy should involve a considerable degree of stakeholder engagement at the national level so that all relevant sectors – health, transport, police, and nongovernmental agencies – invest in a strategy that is itself based on the best possible evidence. Currently 29 countries have a national strategy for road traffic safety that is fully or partially funded, with a further 5 that have road safety in multiple strategies. While a national strategy is essential to defining the vision behind a road safety programme, its implementation requires tangible objectives and, in particular, intermediate targets. Target-setting is a valuable means to get – and keep – traffic safety on the political agenda. Most high- performing countries articulate time- bound reduction targets for road traffic fatalities and serious injuries. This survey found that 26 countries in the region have set out fatality targets in their national strategies, but only 19 have targets for non-fatal injuries. More work is needed to bring road safety laws into line with best practice Road safety laws improve road user behaviour and can be an effective tool in reducing road traffic crashes, injuries and deaths. The most positive changes to road user behaviour happen when road safety legislation is supported by strong and sustained enforcement, and where the public is made aware of the reasons behind the new law and the consequences of noncompliance. This section reports on an assessment of countries’ current legislation to meet five key behavioural risk factors for road traffic injuries: speed, drink–driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints. There is a strong evidence base showing the positive impacts that legislation on each of these risk factors can have on reducing crashes, injuries and deaths. A summary of the region’s legislation on the 5 risk factors is shown in Figure 4. It indicates that while the majority of countries have national laws to regulate speed, drink-driving, motorcycle helmet and seat belts, these laws frequently fail to meet criteria for best practice. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20158 Reducing speeding Although the majority of countries in the region (93%) have a national speed limit law, very few of them meet WHO’s two criteria for best practice on speed legislation in urban areas: only half of countries have a law that allow local authorities to modify the local speed limits, while just 44% have their maximum urban speed limits lower or equal than 50 km/h, as is considered best practice. Seven countries, (Algeria, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe) meet both these 2 criteria. Drink-driving WHO recommends that drink-driving laws should be based on blood alcohol concentration limits no more than 0.05g/dl, with lower limits for young and novice drivers who constitute a high risk group. While 95% of countries in the region have some type of national drink-driving law, only 33 countries base this law on breath or blood alcohol concentration, and only 8 have a BAC limit of less than or equal to 0.05 g/dl as is recommended. Only one country in the region, Algeria, meets WHO’s criteria for best practice on drink-driving laws, namely having a law based on a BAC of less than or equal to 0.05g/dl and having a limit of less than 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers. Motorcycle helmet Wearing a motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death by almost 40% and the risk of severe injury by approximately 70%. Effective enforcement of motorcycle helmet laws can increase helmet-wearing rates and thereby reduce head injuries. Most (93%) countries in the African region have a motorcycle helmet law but only 11 have a law that meets WHO’s standards of best practice, that is it applies to both drivers and adult passengers, all road types, all engine types, and stipulates that Seat-belts Drink-driving Speed Motorcycle helmets Child restraints 34.8 20.9 60 40 30 10 FIGURE 4 Legislation on key behavioural risk factors 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 With a national law With a national law that meet best practice legistlative criteria 88.3 39.5 95.3 2.3 93 16.3 93 13.9 (% ) 9ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 the helmet be properly fastened. The effectiveness of national helmet legislation in reducing injuries also depends on the quality of helmets worn: 40% of countries specify a national or international standard. Only 6 countries (Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Swaziland) meet all these best practice criteria, i.e. have both a comprehensive law and specify a standard, with this figure higher among middle income countries (20%) than among low-income countries (9%). Seat-belt law Wearing a seat-belt reduces the risk of a fatality among drivers and front-seat occupants by 45–50%, and up to about 25% among rear-seat occupants. Seat- belt legislation, when combined with strong and sustained enforcement, is an effective mechanism for increasing seat-belt wearing rates. While 38 countries (88%) in the region have a seat-belt law, only 17 (40%) have a seat-belt law that meets best practice, meaning it applies to drivers, front seat passengers and rear- seat passengers, with this figure higher among middle income countries (45%) than among low-income countries (35%). Child restraints Children in appropriate restraints are significantly less likely to be killed or injured than unrestrained children, and are also less likely to be killed or injured than children using adult seat-belts. Furthermore, young children are safer sitting in the rear seat than in the front seat. Fifteen countries (35%) in the region have a national child restraint law while 17 countries (40%) restrict children from sitting in the front seat. Nine countries have laws in line with best practice with regard to child restraints, specifically that restricts children under a certain age from sitting in the front and have a child restraint law based on age, weight and-or height. Risk factor Best practice legislative criteria as defined by WHO for this report Countries meeting legislative criteria for best practice Speed Setting national speed limits with maximum urban speed limits lower than or equal to 50 km/h and local authorities are allowed to reduce speed limits 7 countries (16%) Algeria, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe Drink-driving National drink-driving law based on BAC or equivalent BrAC- BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl 1 country (2%) Algeria Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers, all road types, all engine types, requires helmet to be properly fastened and meet a national or international standard 6 countries (14%) Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Swaziland Seat-belts National seat-belt law applies to drivers, front seat and rear seat passengers 17 countries (40%) Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Togo, Uganda and Zambia Child restraints National child restraint law based on age- weight- height or a combination of these factors and restrict children under a certain age-height from sitting in front seat 9 countries (21%) Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Guinea, Mozambique and Zambia TABLE 1 Best practice legislative criteria met by countries of the African region ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201510 More enforcement of laws on key risk factors is needed While there is clear evidence that enforcement is critical to the success of road safety laws, the levels of enforcement that are needed for maximum impact are often insufficient. In countries where legislation has not previously been accompanied by enforcement, particularly visible and high levels of enforcement may be needed to persuade the public that breaking the law in future may result in a penalty. The report assessed levels of enforcement of the existing laws on key road safety risk factors in the Region, and reveals that across all 5 risk factors; the potential impact of these laws to save lives is vastly unattained. Seat-belt and motorcycle helmet laws appear better enforced but still only 23% and 19% of countries respectively report good enforcement of their existing laws (Figure 5). More effort is needed to collect data on intermediate indicators In order to assess the effectiveness of efforts to improve road user behaviour, countries need to collect regular data on intermediate indicators. This will given an indication on the effectiveness of the implemenation and enforcement of the law. Data from this report show that most countries in the region lack this data, specifically on helmet wearing, seat-belt wearing rates, use of child restraints and © C ris p in H ug he s 11ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 the proportion of deaths attributable to alcohol (Table 2). This indicates the need for countries to strengthen data collection on these indicators, a crucial step to allow monitoring of on going efforts to address road user behaviour. TABLE 2 Availability of intermediate indicators that measure law enforcment in African region Risk factor Indicator Number of countries with data (%) Range Drink-driving Proportion of annual road traffic deaths attributable to alcohol impairment 21% 1.3–60% Motorcycle helmet wearing rate Drivers 14% 15.3–90% Passengers 16% 1–90% All riders 16% 9–95% Seat belt wearing rate Drivers 19% 17.6–93.8% Front seat occupants 21% 4.9–97.4% Rear seat occupants 14% 0.2–15% All occupants 14% <1–63.8% Child restraint wearing rate 0 — It should be noted, however, that a high proportion of countries in the region include targets on these behavioural risk factors in their national road safety strategies: for example, 70% have targets to reduce drink–driving, 72% to reduce speed,and 35% to increase child restraint use. While specifying targets within a national strategy is an important method of motivating success, to be effective, this needs to go hand in hand with implementing ways of collecting this information. Speed Drinkdriving Motorcycle Helmets Seat Belt 20 15 5 FIGURE 5 Proportion of countries reporting their enforcment of key risk factors as good* 10 25 0 30 *Good enforcement considered as 8 or above on a scale of 0 to 10 6.9 4.6 18.6 23.2 Child Restraints 0 (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201512 Policymakers must make vehicles and roads safer Only one country in the region applies any of the 7 priority UN safety standards for new cars Safe vehicles play an important role in averting a crash and reducing the likelihood of serious consequences in the event of a crash. At the international level, there are efforts to harmonize the different national systems of regulations, ultimately facilitating the roll-out of best practice and making practices such as de-specification of safety features more difficult. The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations is the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards and its regulations provide a legal framework covering a range of vehicle standards for UN Member States to apply voluntarily. There are a set of 7 international standards that are increasingly accepted as basic minimum standards for vehicle manufacture/assembly for passenger vehicles. Rapid motorization in low- and middle-income countries/areas, where the risk of a road traffic crash is highest, and the increasing production of vehicles that is taking place in these emerging economies, means there is an urgent need for these priority vehicle standards to be implemented globally. © S ve n To rfi nn 13ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Data on vehicle standards revealed that all countries in the region fail to apply the 7 UN priority safety standards (relating to seat-belts fixtures and anchorages, frontal impact and side impact, electronic stability control, child restraint fixtures and pedestrian protection). Indeed, only South Africa applies standards for electronic stability control, pedestrian protection, seat belt anchorages and child restraints.1 Safer roads and sustainable transport With respect to the importance of sustainable transport and the movement of safe public transport, shift to non-motorized modes and separating vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists) is increasing around the world. Within the African region, however, while there has been a reported increase in countries with national polices to encourage walking and/or cycling and to invest public transport between 2013 and 2015, the proportion of countries with national policies to separate vulnerable road users declined over the same period (Figure 6). However, it is important to mention that these strategies if planned in isolation can exacerbate a road safety problem. For example, encouraging walking and cycling strategies, if not accompanied by other measures – such as effective speed management and the provision of pedestrian and cycling safety measures – could actually lead to increases in road traffic injuries. This is particularly important in this region with the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths, and where speed is such a critical factor in improving road safety. 1 Vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle and data was analysed and interpreted by Global NCAP4 PEDESTRIANS ACCOUNT FOR 39% OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS in the African region, yet only one African country has signed up to the UN safety standard that protects pedestrians in the event of a crash. Encourage walking and cycling Investment of public transport Separate vulnerable road users 27.3 23.3 80 60 20 FIGURE 6 Proportion of countries with national policies to support sustainable transport , African region, 2013 and 2015 40 0 100 2013 2015 4.5 11.6 25 39.5 (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201514 Safety through design and review Decisions made at the design stage of a road infrastructure project can have a significant impact on the level of death and injury of the road. Specifying safety standards and acting on findings of a road safety design audit can all identify if further design modifications can increase safety. Currently 33 countries, (77%) in the region require some type of road safety audit on new roads, although these vary greatly in what they cover, and thus in quality. Existing road infrastructure should also be regularly assessed for safety, with a focus on roads with the highest crash risk: 74% countries currently assess parts of existing road safety networks. Getting the injured to quality care In high-income countries, delivering emergency care at the scene of the collision and getting crash victims quickly to a health-care facility is often performed by professionally trained providers using sophisticated equipment and designated vehicles. However, in low- and middle-income countries, laypeople such as community leaders, police, or taxi drivers who are trained in basic injury care and the coordination of transportation to a health-care facility can also fulfil these roles. The most efficient way to activate an emergency response is through a universal, centralized access number with a central dispatch system. However, when universal access numbers are unavailable (under development or during disasters), partial measures to facilitate access, including simple mechanisms to advise patients on the nearest facility and transport options, such as public broadcasts, mobile phone applications, electronic billboards or other mechanisms that provide real-time updates on available care resources are utilised. In the African region, 14 countries (33%) have an emergency access number, while 18 countries have multiple numbers and another 11 have no such numbers. Health-care staff must be trained in emergency care Once at a health-care facility, a systematic clinical approach to the management of road traffic victim’s injuries can improve outcomes. Hospitals in low- and middle- income countries are often staffed by general practitioners and nurses who treat a high volume of trauma patients every day, frequently without the support of dedicated trauma care training. Implementing accredited courses on trauma care for doctors and nurses in hospitals receiving a high-volume of trauma victims is an effective way of improving this care. In this assessment, while 25 of 43 (58%) of the region’s participating countries report having some type of emergency specialty for doctors, only 14 (33%) have equivalent programmes for nurses. Data on road traffic injuries need to be strengthened Data on road traffic fatalities are essential for monitoring country-level trends, tailoring prevention efforts, assessing progress and comparing the scale of road traffic deaths relative to deaths from other causes. ONLY 14 COUNTRIES IN THE REGION have an emergency access number, which can be important in activating an emergency response system. 15ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Vital registration data fulfil these needs best as they are a record of all officially registered deaths and are not time-limited. For example, a person who dies from injury complications a few months after a road traffic crash may or may not be issued with a death certificate showing the road traffic injury as the contributing cause of death. Such deaths will therefore not be coded as road traffic death, leading to distortions in the overall official numbers. In addition, not all countries have vital registration systems that provide cause of death information: although 35 countries have a vital registration system in place, only 15 of them (35%) could provide a figure from this source on the number of road traffic deaths. Where countries do not have vital registration data of good quality, police data is often an unreliable source of information on road traffic fatalities. However, countries still have no consistent definition of a road traffic death for use in police databases: of the 43 participating African countries, 22 (51%) now use a 30-day definition for their official road traffic fatality data. In addition the definitional issues related to fatality data, official data, largely from police sources, vastly underestimate the extent of road traffic deaths and injuries. In the African region, 40% of countries have a five-fold increase between the estimated and reported figures, while in some countries this difference is over 30 fold. At a regional level, while there are an estimated 246 718 deaths in the African region, only 65 8882 of these were reported. The extent of underreporting of fatality data is most significant in the African and Western Pacific regions, where official estimates comprise just under a third of the estimated Global status report figure (27% and 30% respectively). Linking data sources (i.e. vital registration records, police data, insurance data) can improve official road traffic fatality estimates, but this process is not widely adopted. While 79% of the region’s countries use police data as their official estimates, only 4 countries link health and police data, suggesting that there is a need to strengthen the health-police linkages as one way of making the data more robust. As well as data on the number of deaths, countries need information on who is dying on the world’s roads in order to provide better opportunity for better understanding the epidemiological pattern of road traffic deaths among countries and best target their prevention efforts. Sixteen countries still do not have data on the breakdown of deaths by sex, while 28 of the 43 participating countries do not collect information on the age of road traffic victims. For every person that dies in a road traffic crash there are at least 20 others that sustain non-fatal injuries. These injuries can have considerable impact on quality of life, and often carry with them significant economic costs. While progress has been made in allowing international comparisons of fatality data using comparable methods, it is much harder to make cross-country comparisons of non-fatal injuries. 2 Reported number adjusted to 30 days. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201516 Most official data for road traffic injuries are collected by police, yet not all crashes are reported to – or recorded by – the police. Furthermore, accurate assessment of injury severity requires specialized training. Absence of such training means police often rely on proxy indicators such as whether the injured person required hospital admission. However, severity indicators such as this are not standardized across countries – a situation further complicated by issues related to access to care. In the African region, 42% of countries have no classification system for non- fatal injuries, suggesting a need to build capacity in this area towards the use of international classification systems. As a result, many countries now use hospital data as the basis for figures on non-fatal injuries. On their own, hospital data are not a substitute for police data, but using hospital data in addition to police data can provide valuable in-depth information on outcomes and costs. Approximately 37% of countries in the region currently report having a national emergency room-based injury surveillance system from 27% in countries in 2011 to 37% of countries in 2013. 17ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Conclusions and recommendations • Over 246 000 road traffic deaths occur each year in the African region. The region has the highest fatality rate in the world, at 26.6 per 100 000 (relative to the global rate of 17.4 per 100 000). • Vulnerable road users comprise 50% of these deaths. The region has the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths, at 39%, suggesting that this group must be at the core of governments efforts to make their roads safer. • This regional summary highlights a number of areas in which progress needs to be made. Promulgating and enforcing laws based on best practice that relate to key behavioural risk factors is essential to realizing such change. But this factsheet shows that most countries in the region have multiple areas of their legislation that need to be improved. • The data presented here also suggest that lack of enforcement is undermining the potential of existing road safety laws to reduce injuries and deaths. Strengthening legislation would not be complete without strengthening the enforcement. Data from the report indicated the low enforcement among key risk factors. In order to monitor the enforcement, conducting routinely observational studies is crucial • The factsheet shows that only one country has applied some of the international vehicle standards. While levels of motorization are low in the region, a number of countries it the region are undergoing rapid motorization. Governments must urgently sign up to the minimum international vehicle standards as requirements for manufacturers and assemblers, and limit the importing and sale of sub-standard vehicles in their countries. • The factsheet also highlights that countries need to do more to ensure that road infrastructure is safe. Road safety audits should be conducted on both new and existing roads, assessing the safety as it relates to the needs of all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists. Making walking and cycling safer will also have other positive co-benefits if these non-motorized forms of transport become more popular, including more physical exercise, reduced emissions, and the health benefits associated with such changes. • In most countries in the region, official road traffic injury data are vastly underreported. There is a need to strengthen the reporting and quality of traffic data in order to provide evidence based information for policy makers. • The number of road traffic deaths that occur each year in the African region has increased slightly over the past 3 years, although with increasing population growth this corresponds to a slight decrease in rate per 100 000 population. The region has the world’s highest road traffic fatality rate. If the international road safety targets set for the Sustainable Development Goals – a halving of deaths by 2020 – are to be met, then strong political will and rapid action is needed by governments within the African Region. For references or more information on the methodology, please see http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_safety_ status/2015/en/ ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201518 C ou nt ry p ro fil es © G eo rg e O so di 19ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 © G eo rg e O so di 7 ALGERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2013–2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 7 308 539 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 677 596 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 102 Heavy trucks 526 133 Buses 125 161 Other 1 959 547 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 540b (82% M) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 9 337 (95%CI 7 985–10 689) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.8 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Note: There are no data on % deaths of females. Population: 39 208 194 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 330 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Driversc, 90% Front seatsc National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR) (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f F or eig n A ffa irs . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201520 81 ANGOLA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Traffic Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Yes (not specified) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 581 530 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 403 794 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 103 104 Heavy trucks 68 530 Buses 1 477 Other 4 625 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 305b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 769 (95%CI 4 626–6 912) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Road Traffic Directorate (DNVT)/ General Command of Traffic Polic (CGPN). Defined as died at scene of crash. Population: 21 471 618 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 170 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 60% Driversc, 40% Passengersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seatsc, 15% Rear seatsc National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Weight/Height Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 2013, DNVT/CGPN. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 500 1000 Source: DNVT/CGPN. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: DNVT/CGPN (data from 2013). Pedestrians (35%) Other (63%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) 21ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 95 BENIN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 34 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 28 156 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 Heavy trucks 1 209 Buses 1 278 Other 3 443 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 658b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 2 855 (95%CI 2 398–3 312) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b CNSR Database. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 10 323 474 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 790 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law No BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement — % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 15% Driversd, 1% Passengersd National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No d 2013, Study by Handicap International and Alinagnon. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 Source: CNSR and INSAE (institut national statistique analyse economique) DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: CNSR database (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (9%) Pedestrians (21%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%) Other (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (56%) Cyclists (2%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201522 99 BOTSWANA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011– 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Subnational Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 520 793 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 454 093 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 649 Heavy trucks 29 654 Buses 2 023 Other 31 374 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple Numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 411b (74% M, 26%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 477 (95%CI 412–542) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Records. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 2 021 144 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 770 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 10%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Police Records (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y D ep ar tm en t o f R oa d T ra ns po rt an d S afe ty. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (24%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (44%) Pedestrians (27%) Drivers/passengers buses (5%) 10 23ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015102 BURKINA FASO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Office (ONASER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 1 545 903 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 702 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 706 Heavy trucks 24 139 Buses 9 615 Other 31 741 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 18 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 125b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 072 (95%CI 4 064–6 080) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 30.0 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Police and National Gendarmerie. Defined as died at scene of crash. Population: 16 934 839 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 670 Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f in fra str uc tu re an d T ra ns po rts . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 200 400 Source: National Police and National Gendarmerie. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All ridersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No c Not based on BAC. d 2008, Report on the Contextual Study of Hemet use for Developing a National Strategy on the use of Helmets in Burkina Faso. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201524 103 CABO VERDE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2013–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 56 690 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 292 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 207 Heavy trucks 9 088 Buses 103 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 41b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 130 (95%CI 113–147) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 498 897 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 620 Le gis lat ive an aly sis co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE 29 . O th er da ta co lle cte d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f In te rn al Ad m ini str at ion . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age/ Weight/Height Enforcement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes 25ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 105 CAMEROON INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 119 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 095b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 136 (95%CI 5 035–7 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.0% c b Police Records. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. c 2008, Ministry of Transport, National Strategy Report, p. 10. Population: 22 253 959 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 290 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit Nod Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d There are no motorways in Cameroon. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P 2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d T ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 1400 200 400 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201526 107 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 995 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 32 480 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 118 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012–2013) 45b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 495 (95%CI 1 169–1 821) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Service of Transport Statistics. Defined as died at scene of crash. Data apply only to Bangui. Population: 4 616 417 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt an d C ivi l A via tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 27ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015108 CHAD INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target From 4.41% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 622 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 5.0% of total accidentsb b Division of Occupational Medicine, Public Health Ministry (data from 2012). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 420c WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 089 (95%CI 2 420–3 758) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c Police records. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 12 825 314 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 020 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: Commission of Road Accident Observation (National Police). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201528112 CONGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 110 438 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 967 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 83 563 Heavy trucks 2 449 Buses 1 459 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 206b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 174 (95%CI 976–1 373) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Directorate General for Land Transport (DGTT). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 4 447 632 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 590 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P 2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 150 200 250 300 50 100 Source: Combined sources (DGTT and CNSEE). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 29ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 115 CÔTE D'IVOIRE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Office of Road Safety (OSER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% among pedestrians fatalities (2012–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 594 071 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 445 553 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53 468 Heavy trucks 71 288 Buses 23 762 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 844b (75% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 4 924 (95%CI 4 043–5 805) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 0.5%c b Office of Road Safety (OSER). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2012, OSER/National Institute of Statistics/UEMOA. Population: 20 316 086 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 450 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100 200 Source: Office of Road Safety. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Office of Road Safety (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (35%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (10%) Drivers/passengers buses (9%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%) Cyclists (2%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201530120 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2010 350 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 463b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 22 419 (95%CI 17 966–26 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 33.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Road Traffic Police of the city province of Kinshasa (PCR). Definded as died within 7 days of crash. Data only apply to Kinshasa. Population: 67 513 677 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 430 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.05 0.1 Source: Road Traffic Police (PCR). Data only apply to Kinshasa. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Police (PCR) (this was from the 2nd GSRRS, where data refer to 2010). Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (70%) Pedestrians (5%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (6%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (15%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (1%) 31ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015128 ERITREA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communication/ Land Transport Authority/Control and Safety Division Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2nd Quarter 2014 70 319 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 49 040 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 321 Heavy trucks 13 240 Buses 4 718 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 148b (76% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 527 (95%CI 1 249–1 805) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Eritrean Traffic Police. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 6 333 135 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All ridersc, 90% Passengersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 60% Front seatsc, 10% Rear seatsc National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Eritrean Police Traffic Report (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive an aly sis co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Source: Ministry of Transport and Communication and Eritrean Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Eritrean Traffic Police (data from 2013). Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (26%) Pedestrians (40%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (18%) Drivers/passengers buses (9%) Cyclists (7%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201532130 ETHIOPIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Office Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Subnational Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012/2013 478 244 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 280 886 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 58 006 Heavy trucks 92 118 Buses 47 234 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012/2013) 3 362b (79% M, 21%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 23 837 (95%CI 18 528–29 146) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 0.8–0.9%c b Ethiopian Federal Police Commission. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2008, UNECA ''Road Safety in Ethiopia Case Study". Population: 94 100 756 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 470 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 4%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupantse National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Ethiopian Federal Police Commission (data from 2012/2013). e Ethiopian Federal Police Commission (data from 2013/2014). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y N at ion al Ro ad Sa fet y C ou nc il O ffi ce . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 | 2003– 2004 | 2004– 2005 | 2005– 2006 | 2006– 2007 | 2007– 2008 | 2008– 2009 | 2009– 2010 | 2010– 2011 | 2011– 2012 | 2012– 2013 0.5 1 Source: Ethiopian Federal Police Commission. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 33ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015134 GABON INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects — Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure — Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2010 195 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 45b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 383 (95%CI 316–450) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 22.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR). Data from 7 out of 10 provinces. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 1 671 711 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 650 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.05 0.1 Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201534 135 GAMBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure — Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005 to 2013 54 471 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 564 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 420 Heavy trucks 1 691 Buses 6 796 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 112 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 115b (69% M, 31%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 544 (95%CI 438–650) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 29.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit. Defined as there is no specific legislation on defining road traffic death, however road traffic deaths are confirmed by a medical practitioner. Population: 1 849 285 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 500 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 2%d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. d The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt, W or ks an d I nf ra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Source: The Gambia Police Accidents Statistics Unit. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 35ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015138 GHANA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 532 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 876 143 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 349 809 Heavy trucks 120 468 Buses 173 651 Other 12 009 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 193 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 2 240b (77% M, 23%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 789 (95%CI 5 877–7 701) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.6%c b National Accident Statistics 2012 produced by CSIR-BRRI for NRSC. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2004, Journal of Building & Road Research Vol. 11, Dec 2008. Population: 25 904 598 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 770 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 34% Driversd, 2% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Driverse, 5% Front seatse National child restraint law Nof Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No d 2010, Traffic Injury Prevention, Vol. 11; 522–525. e 2010, Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community Vol 38:4; 280–289. f Children in front seats under 5 have to be held in an appropriate restraint. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: National Accident Statistics 2012. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Accident Statistics 2012 (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (42%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (8%) Drivers/passengers buses (8%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (14%) Cyclists (4%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201536 141 GUINEA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Programme on Trauma Care Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011 33 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 927 Heavy trucks 369 Buses 38 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 629b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 211 (95%CI 2 640–3 781) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police Directorate. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. Population: 11 745 189 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 460 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e Year Number of road traffic deaths 2010 503 2012 298 2013 629 Source: Traffic Police Directorate. 37ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015142 GUINEA-BISSAU INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate for Traffic and Land Transport (DGVTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011–2014 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 60 297 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 942 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 5.0%b b National Health Service (data from 2013). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 96c WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 468 (95%CI 387–548) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c DGVTT/National Transport Group. Defined as died within 48 hours of crash. Population: 1 704 255 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 590 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 5%e National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No d Not based on BAC. e DGVTT/National Transport Group (data for 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e Year Deaths per 100 000 population 2011 6.2 2012 4.2 2013 5.7 Source: National Transport Group. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201538158 KENYA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009–2014) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 2 011 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 962 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 738 219 Heavy trucks 157 306 Buses 95 644 Other 58 803 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 999 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 3 191b (65% M, 35%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 12 891 (95%CI 10 809–14 974) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 29.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Kenya National Police Service. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 44 353 691 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 160 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: Kenya National Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Kenya National Police Service (data from 2013). Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (34%) Pedestrians (47%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%) Cyclists (14%) 39ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 165 LESOTHO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 122 997 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 327b (33% M, 14%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 584 (95%CI 491–677) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Report. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 2 074 465 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 500 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 15 20 25 5 10 Source: Police Reports. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police Report (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (17%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (40%) Pedestrians (30%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (1%) Other (7%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201540166 LIBERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy — Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) — WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 448 (95%CI 1 144–1 752) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 33.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — Population: 4 294 077 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 410 Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial W elf ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 41ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015170 MADAGASCAR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Commission for Road Safety (CISR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2014–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 219 576 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 122 641 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44 129 Heavy trucks 22 589 Buses 30 217 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 609b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 506 (95%CI 5 361–7 650) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Combined sources. Defined as died within 24 hours of crash. Population: 22 924 851 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/hc Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 50km/h but can be modified up to 80km/h. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.5 1 Source: Police and Hospital Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201542 171 MALAWI INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2014–2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles until June 2014 437 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 332 542 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24 943 Heavy trucks 51 518 Buses 28 413 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 977b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 732 (95%CI 4 606–6 858) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 35.0 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Malawi Traffic Police Services. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 16 362 567 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 270 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Source: National Statistics Office. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Accident Database (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (27%) Pedestrians (49%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (17%) 43ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015174 MALI INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency of Road Safety (ANASER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 289 828 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 162 481 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 369 Heavy trucks 18 220 Buses 26 150 Other 34 608 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 20 23 99 86 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 529b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 920 (95%CI 3 193–4 648) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Agency of Road Safety. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 15 301 650 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 670 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 18% All ridersd National seat-belt law Noe Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. d Result of Polls conducted by ANASER (data from 2012). e Seat-belts are only required outside cities. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f E qu ipm en t a nd Tr an sp or t. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Source: ANASER/Direction National des Transports/Police/ Gendarmerie/INSTAT. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Agency of Road Safety (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (11%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Pedestrians (27%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (16%) Drivers/passengers buses (18%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (21%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201544 177 MAURITANIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 416 190 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 204b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 952 (95%CI 788–1 116) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Ministry of Equipment and Transport. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 3 889 880 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 060 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc,d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Noe Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. d Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. e Seat-belts on rear seats only required outside urban areas. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 150 200 250 300 50 100 Source: Ministry of Equipment and Transport. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 45ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015178 MAURITIUS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 443 495 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 055 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 785 Heavy trucks 14 061 Buses 2 963 Other 8 631 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 114 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 136b (78% M, 22%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 152 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 12.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, April 2014. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 1 244 403 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 290 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 24%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seatsd, <1% Rear seatsd National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Police Road Safety Unit (data from 2013). d Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit (data from 2011). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic In fra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, Issue No. 1102, April 2014. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, Issue No. 1102, April 2014 (data from 2013). Drivers (4+ wheels) (4%) Passengers (4+ wheels) (18%) Pedestrians (35%) Other (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (31%) Cyclists (10%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201546 185 MOZAMBIQUE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport (INATTER) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 542 336 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 459 604 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 64 987 Heavy trucks 12 944 Buses 0 Other 4 801 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 744b (80% M, 20%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 8 173 (95%CI 6 502–9 843) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police of Mozambique. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 25 833 752 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 610 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/hc Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age/ Weight/Height Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 60km/h within towns and 120km/h outside of towns. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d N at ion al In sti tu te of La nd Tr an sp or t ( IN AT TE R) . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 Source: National Institute of Land Transport (INATTER). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 47ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 187 NAMIBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 280 583 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 257 378 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 854 Heavy trucks 7 842 Buses 3 984 Other 5 525 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system — Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 308b (72% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 551 (95%CI 474–628) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Road Safety Council. Defined as died within 24 hours of crash. Population: 2 303 315 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 870 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 12% All ridersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 55% Front seats d, 1% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c National Road Safety Council (data from 2009). d Global Road Safety Partnership (commissioned by National Road Safety Council) (data from 2007). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y N at ion al Da ta Co or din at or. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 Source: National Road Safety Council. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Road Safety Council (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (31%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (30%) Pedestrians (32%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (1%) Other (1%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201548192 NIGER INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Traffic and Road Safety (DC/SR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 315 600 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 190 067 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 109 499 Heavy trucks 7 519 Buses 8 515 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 806b (69% M) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 4 706 (95%CI 3 741–5 670) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.0%c b Ministry of Transport (DC/SR). Defined as died at scene of crash. Note: There are no data on % deaths among females. c Ministry of Transport, Study conducted by Global Road Safety Partnership in 2007 (data from 2006). Population: 17 831 270 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0.5 1 Source: Ministry of Transport (DC/SR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Ministry of Transport (DC/SR) (data from 2007). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (20%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (47%) Pedestrians (33%) 49ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 193 NIGERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in crash fatalities by 2015 (Accra Declaration); Reducing RTC fatalities by 2020 (UN Decade of Action); 25% annually for 2014 reduction in fatalities and 15% in RTC (-) (FRSC Nigeria) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 5 791 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 267 139 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 524 307 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 6 450b (75% M, 25%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 35 641 (95%CI 27 949–43 332) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 20.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 3.0%c b FRSC. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2011, National Road Safety Strategy (NRSS). Population: 173 615 345 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 710 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 1%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 87% Front seatsd, 10% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Federal Road Safety Corps (data from 2013). d Federal Road Safety Corps and Observatory (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y F ed er al Ro ad Sa fet y C or ps (F RS C) . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Source: Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201550210 RWANDA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2008–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 107 411 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 43 395 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 622 Heavy trucks 3 849 Buses 12 545 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 912 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 526b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 782 (95%CI 3 022–4 541) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 11 776 522 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 630 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f In fra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 300 400 500 600 100 200 Source: Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 51ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 215 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 112 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 33b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 60 (95%CI 47–73) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Hospital Statistics Service Dr. Ayres de Menezes. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 192 993 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 470 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law No BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement — % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 15 20 25 30 35 5 10 Source: General Command of the National Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: General Command of the National Police (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (25%) Riders motorized 2- or 3- wheelers (32%) Pedestrians (43%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201552 217 SENEGAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2012–2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 401 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 299 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 34 197 Heavy trucks 21 897 Buses 16 925 Other 29 838 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple Numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 367b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 844 (95%CI 3 214–4 474) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1%c b National Gendarmerie. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. c Directorate of Land Transport (data from 2012). Population: 14 133 280 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 050 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd,e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 54% Driversf, 14% Passengersf National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. e Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. f 2011, Review Medicine in Black Africa, Study on the Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Scooter Accidents in Dakar (Study conducted on 246 patients) (data from 2007/2008). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial Ac tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100 200 Source: National Gendarmerie (data for 2002–2007) and Bulletin of Analysis of Physical Accidents (BAAC) (data for 2008–2011). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 53ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 219 SEYCHELLES INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transport (DOT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Subnational Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 18 606 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 773 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 307 Heavy trucks 68 Buses 458 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 999 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 8b (88% M, 13%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 8.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police and Health Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 92 838 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 210 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 65 km/h Max motorway speed limit 85 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 60%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Driversd, 90% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seatsd, 2% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Police report (data from 2013). d DOT/Police report/SLTA (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d M ini str y o f H om e A ffa irs an d T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 Source: Health/ Police/ Department of Transport. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police record (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Pedestrians (75%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201554220 SIERRA LEONE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Sierra Leone Road Safety Authority Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 68 802 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 685 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 969 Heavy trucks 703 Buses 469 Other 2 976 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 2244 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 220b (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 661 (95%CI 1 334–1 988) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.3%c b Hospital Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2013, Government of Sierra Leone National Road Safety Strategy 2013–2015, p. 9. Population: 6 092 075 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 40%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use No Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d Sierra Leone Police Statistics (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 55ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015226 SOUTH AFRICA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Traffic Management Corporation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 9 909 923 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 894 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 367 231 Heavy trucks 350 498 Buses 54 494 Other 243 461 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2010–2011) 13 802b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 13 273 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 7.8%c b Road Traffic Management Corporation. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c Road Traffic Management Corporation and iRAP (data from 2013). Population: 52 776 130 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 190 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 58%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Driverse, 31% Front seatse National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) (data from 2010). e Traffic Offence Survey RTMC (data from 2010). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y R oa d T ra ffi c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 0 15 20 25 30 35 5 10 Source: Road Traffic Management Corporation. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Management Corporation (data from 2010–2011). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (29%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (38%) Pedestrians (33%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201556 231 SWAZILAND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swaziland Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 180 103 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 140 941 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 014 Heavy trucks 11 279 Buses 10 402 Other 13 467 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 197b (67% M, 33%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 303 (95%CI 263–343) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Royal Swaziland Police Service. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. Population: 1 249 514 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 990 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 Source: Royal Swaziland Police Service. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Royal Swaziland Police Service (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (21%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (42%) Pedestrians (33%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Cyclists (2%) 57ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015238 TOGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Office of Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011 58 111 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 11 739 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41 838 Heavy trucks 4 440 Buses 94 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 118 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 971b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 2 123 (95%CI 1 719–2 526) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Ministry of Public Works and Transport. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 6 816 982 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 530 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 200 400 Source: Ministry of Transport (note: figures for 2007, 2008, 2009 do not include data from Ministry of Security). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201558244 UGANDA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 1 228 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 2.8%b b Community Survey in Mokuno (data from 1999). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 2 937c (79% M, 21%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 10 280 (95%CI 7 820–12 739) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c Annual Traffic Report. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 37 578 876 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 550 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Driversd, 1% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Source: Police Report, Statistical Abstract. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Annual Traffic Report 2013 (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (3%) Pedestrians (40%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%) Other (14%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (30%) Cyclists (8%) 59ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 247 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget - National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy - Fatality reduction target - SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 1 509 786 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 511 604 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 808 984 Heavy trucks 85 931 Buses 48 698 Other 54 569 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 002b (80% M, 20%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 16 211 (95%CI 13 116–19 307) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 3.4%c b Traffic Police. Defined as died within one year and a day. c 2007, Bureau of Industrial Cooperation (BICO) Report. Population: 49 253 126 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 630 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial W elf ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 500 1000 Source: Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Traffic Police (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Passengers (all vehicles) (28%) Pedestrians (31%) Other (1%) Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%) Cyclists (11%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201560 255 ZAMBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Transport and Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 534 532 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 911 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 851b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 586 (95%CI 2 914–4 257) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Zambia Police Records. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 14 538 640 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 810 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 500 1000 Source: Zambia Police and Health Facilities. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Zambia Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (37%) Pedestrians (37%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Cyclists (12%) | 2012 61ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015256 ZIMBABWE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Traffic Safety Council of Zimbabwe Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 927 129 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 787b (61% M, 39%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 985 (95%CI 3 319–4 652) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Zimbabwe Republic Police Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 14 149 648 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 860 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d C hil d C ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 500 1000 Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (8%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Pedestrians (16%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (50%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (6%) Cyclists (4%) WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_traffic/en/ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION-REGIONAL OFFICE FOR AFRICA Disability, Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Environmental Health (NDE) Cité du Djoué P.O.Box 06 Brazzaville Republic of CongoFo r fu rt he r de ta ils p le as e se e: ht tp :/ /w w w .w ho .in t/ vi ol en ce _i nj ur y_ pr ev en ti on /r oa d_ sa fe ty _s ta tu s/ 20 15 /e n/

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Printed by the WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland. Made possible through funding from Bloomberg Philanthropies ISBN: 9789290315162 1ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Contents Road safety in the African Region: key facts 2 Background: the international road safety context 3 Methodology 3 Findings 4 Conclusions and recommendations 17 Country profiles 18 ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20152 Road safety in the African Region: key facts • The African region has the highest estimated road traffic fatality rate of 26.6 per 100 000 population, despite having the lowest level of motorization in the world. • Half of all road traffic deaths in the region occur among vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists). The African region has the highest proportion of deaths among pedestrians at 39%. This indicates an urgent need for policymakers to ensure the prioritisation of interventions specifically targeted at improving the safety of these vulnerable road users. • While the majority of countries in the region have enacted national laws on key behavioural risk factors (speed, drink–driving, motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints), in very few countries in the region do these laws meet best practice. • In order for road safety legislation to be effective, there needs to be sustained and strong enforcement. In most countries in the region, enforcement of key road safety laws is weak, thus limiting the ability of legislation to achieve its full potential. • Developing intermediate indicators is important in order to measure changes in road user behaviour, and thus allow an assessment of programmes that include legislation and enforcement. However, to date there are few countries in the region report data on helmet-wearing rates, seat-belt wearing rates, or the proportion of deaths attributed to alcohol. • Vehicle safety is a key component for road safety. Only one country in the region applies 4 of the 7 UN priority vehicle safety standards. • Road traffic fatality data are vastly underreported in the region, with estimated figures almost 4 times that of the official reported figures, while the quality of data on non-fatal injuries is also of concern. • While a number of countries in the region have adopted policies to encourage walking and cycling, there is concern that if these are not accompanied by additional safety measures – notably speed reduction, they will not achieve the desired effects, and may indeed make roads more dangerous for vulnerable road users. 3ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Background: the international road safety context Globally, road traffic injuries claim approximately 1.25 million lives each year and have a huge impact on health and development. They are the leading cause of death among young people aged between 15 and 29 years, and cost governments approximately 3% of GDP (and up to 5% in low- and middle- income countries). In addition to the deaths, millions of people suffer non-fatal injuries each year as a result of road traffic crashes, while there are additional indirect health consequences that are associated with this growing epidemic (for example, respiratory problems associated with high emissions, as well as reduced physical activities such as walking and cycling and the associated negative health consequences). In 2010 the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 64/2551, which proclaimed 2011–2020 the Decade of Action for Road Safety. The resolution called on countries to implement the measures identified internationally to make their roads safer. The UN General Assembly also invited WHO to monitor progress through its Global status report on road safety series, and as such, serve to highlight gaps and guide action on road safety in countries. In September 2015, road safety was included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3, the health goal, has an ambitious target of reducing by half the global number of deaths and injuries from road traffic crashes by 2020. In addition, SDG11 related to providing access to sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, and expanding public transport1. Methodology The objectives of this third report are to describe the road safety situation in all Member States; identify gaps in road safety at national level and thereby stimulate road safety action; and monitor countries’ progress in implementing measures identified in the Global Plan of Action2. The current overview of road safety in the African region is developed with data from the Global status report on road safety 2015. Forty-three of the Region’s 47 countries participated, representing 97.5% of the regional population. This comprises 20 middle-income countries and 23 low-income countries. Data collection began in May 2014 and was completed by December 2014, validated with the National Data Coordinators and cleared by the government. New aspects to the methodology of this third report were the collection and analysis of all legislative documents from participating countries, and the inclusion of information on 7 key priority standards for vehicle safety. For more information on the methodology of these components please see Explanatory Notes 1-3 in the main report. 1 http://www.globalgoals.org/ 2 Ref global plan ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20154 Findings Every day, about 650 deaths occur on the Africa’s roads Almost a quarter of a million people were (246 718) killed on the region’s roads in 2013, approximately a fifth of the global total number of deaths. This means about 675 people die each day on the region’s roads. This is in addition to the burden of non-fatal injury, material damage and costs incurred. The African region has the highest road traffic fatality rate, despite being the region with the lowest level of motorization The African Region has the highest estimated road traffic death rates of 26.6 per 100 000 population, relative to a global rate of 17.4. However, the region is the least motorized, with 46.6 vehicles per 1000 people – relative to 510.3 vehicles per 1000 people in European region. In terms of absolute numbers of deaths and vehicles, Africa is over represented in terms of the number of road traffic deaths that occur on its roads, relative to its vehicle fleet: it contributes to 20% of the world’s road traffic deaths but has only 2.3% of the world’s vehicles. © J en ny M at th ew s Rank Estimated fatality rate/100 000 population 1 African Region (26.6) 2 Eastern Mediterranean Region (19.9) 3 Western Pacific Region (17.3) 4 South East Asia Region (17) 5 Region of Americas (15.9) 6 European Region (9.3) FIGURE 1 Road traffic fatalities and motorization, by WHO region. Rank Number of vehicles per 1000 persons 1 European region (510.3) 2 Region of Americas (502.8) 3 Western Pacific Region (250.5) 4 South East Asia Region (168.9) 5 Eastern Mediterranean Region (126.0) 6 European Region (46.6) 5ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Half of road traffic deaths are among vulnerable road users, while the region has the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths Half of all deaths on the region are among those with the least protection – motorcyclists pedestrians and cyclists. The African region has the highest proportion of pedestrian-related deaths at 39%. While the region has the lowest proportion of road traffic deaths among motorcyclists, at 7%, this may be a result of poor data quality, because most of the participating countries were unable to provide detailed data on deaths broken down by road user type. Indeed, data reported from many countries point to a large influx of motorcycles into the region, suggesting that preventing injuries among this group may become an increasing priority. FIGURE 2 Proportions of road traffic deaths by type of road users and WHO region 60 40 30 10 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 Car occupants African Region 40 7 4 39 11 Eastern Mediterranean Region 45 11 3 27 14 Western Pacific Region 22 34 7 23 14 South East Asia Region 16 34 3 13 34 Region of Americas 35 20 3 22 21 European Region 51 9 4 26 10 Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrains Others/unspecified (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20156 Car occupants and pedestrian related deaths are higher in middle-income countries while motorcyclist- and cyclist-related deaths are higher in low-income countries Although road traffic fatality rates are higher in low-income countries (29.2/100 000 population, compared to 23.3 in middle income countries and 22.9 in high income countries), there are variations between type of road users by income groups. Deaths among car occupants and pedestrians are higher in middle-income countries while motorcyclists and cyclist’s related deaths are higher in low-income countries (Figure 3). Multisectoral action is needed for effective national road safety strategies Coordination of road safety efforts across multiple sectors and stakeholders is critical for success. In many countries this role is fulfilled by a lead agency that ideally should have the authority and resources needed to coordinate the implementation of a national strategy. Car occupants Motorized 2-3 wheelers Cyclists Pedestrains Others/ unspecified 8 12 60 40 30 10 FIGURE 3 Proportion of deaths by road users and income groups in the African region 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 Low-income Middle-income 34 43 12 3 7 2 39 40 (% ) 7ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Currently 40 countries in the African region report having an agency that leads national road safety efforts. In some countries these take the form of a designated stand-alone agency while in other countries, the lead agency is situated within a government ministry. Achieving sustained reductions in road traffic injuries requires countries to have a long-term vision and strategy for road safety, and to define the objectives to be attained within the strategy’s time period. The process for developing such a national strategy should involve a considerable degree of stakeholder engagement at the national level so that all relevant sectors – health, transport, police, and nongovernmental agencies – invest in a strategy that is itself based on the best possible evidence. Currently 29 countries have a national strategy for road traffic safety that is fully or partially funded, with a further 5 that have road safety in multiple strategies. While a national strategy is essential to defining the vision behind a road safety programme, its implementation requires tangible objectives and, in particular, intermediate targets. Target-setting is a valuable means to get – and keep – traffic safety on the political agenda. Most high- performing countries articulate time- bound reduction targets for road traffic fatalities and serious injuries. This survey found that 26 countries in the region have set out fatality targets in their national strategies, but only 19 have targets for non-fatal injuries. More work is needed to bring road safety laws into line with best practice Road safety laws improve road user behaviour and can be an effective tool in reducing road traffic crashes, injuries and deaths. The most positive changes to road user behaviour happen when road safety legislation is supported by strong and sustained enforcement, and where the public is made aware of the reasons behind the new law and the consequences of noncompliance. This section reports on an assessment of countries’ current legislation to meet five key behavioural risk factors for road traffic injuries: speed, drink–driving, failure to use motorcycle helmets, seat-belts and child restraints. There is a strong evidence base showing the positive impacts that legislation on each of these risk factors can have on reducing crashes, injuries and deaths. A summary of the region’s legislation on the 5 risk factors is shown in Figure 4. It indicates that while the majority of countries have national laws to regulate speed, drink-driving, motorcycle helmet and seat belts, these laws frequently fail to meet criteria for best practice. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 20158 Reducing speeding Although the majority of countries in the region (93%) have a national speed limit law, very few of them meet WHO’s two criteria for best practice on speed legislation in urban areas: only half of countries have a law that allow local authorities to modify the local speed limits, while just 44% have their maximum urban speed limits lower or equal than 50 km/h, as is considered best practice. Seven countries, (Algeria, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe) meet both these 2 criteria. Drink-driving WHO recommends that drink-driving laws should be based on blood alcohol concentration limits no more than 0.05g/dl, with lower limits for young and novice drivers who constitute a high risk group. While 95% of countries in the region have some type of national drink-driving law, only 33 countries base this law on breath or blood alcohol concentration, and only 8 have a BAC limit of less than or equal to 0.05 g/dl as is recommended. Only one country in the region, Algeria, meets WHO’s criteria for best practice on drink-driving laws, namely having a law based on a BAC of less than or equal to 0.05g/dl and having a limit of less than 0.02 g/dl for young-novice drivers. Motorcycle helmet Wearing a motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death by almost 40% and the risk of severe injury by approximately 70%. Effective enforcement of motorcycle helmet laws can increase helmet-wearing rates and thereby reduce head injuries. Most (93%) countries in the African region have a motorcycle helmet law but only 11 have a law that meets WHO’s standards of best practice, that is it applies to both drivers and adult passengers, all road types, all engine types, and stipulates that Seat-belts Drink-driving Speed Motorcycle helmets Child restraints 34.8 20.9 60 40 30 10 FIGURE 4 Legislation on key behavioural risk factors 20 70 80 50 0 100 90 With a national law With a national law that meet best practice legistlative criteria 88.3 39.5 95.3 2.3 93 16.3 93 13.9 (% ) 9ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 the helmet be properly fastened. The effectiveness of national helmet legislation in reducing injuries also depends on the quality of helmets worn: 40% of countries specify a national or international standard. Only 6 countries (Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Swaziland) meet all these best practice criteria, i.e. have both a comprehensive law and specify a standard, with this figure higher among middle income countries (20%) than among low-income countries (9%). Seat-belt law Wearing a seat-belt reduces the risk of a fatality among drivers and front-seat occupants by 45–50%, and up to about 25% among rear-seat occupants. Seat- belt legislation, when combined with strong and sustained enforcement, is an effective mechanism for increasing seat-belt wearing rates. While 38 countries (88%) in the region have a seat-belt law, only 17 (40%) have a seat-belt law that meets best practice, meaning it applies to drivers, front seat passengers and rear- seat passengers, with this figure higher among middle income countries (45%) than among low-income countries (35%). Child restraints Children in appropriate restraints are significantly less likely to be killed or injured than unrestrained children, and are also less likely to be killed or injured than children using adult seat-belts. Furthermore, young children are safer sitting in the rear seat than in the front seat. Fifteen countries (35%) in the region have a national child restraint law while 17 countries (40%) restrict children from sitting in the front seat. Nine countries have laws in line with best practice with regard to child restraints, specifically that restricts children under a certain age from sitting in the front and have a child restraint law based on age, weight and-or height. Risk factor Best practice legislative criteria as defined by WHO for this report Countries meeting legislative criteria for best practice Speed Setting national speed limits with maximum urban speed limits lower than or equal to 50 km/h and local authorities are allowed to reduce speed limits 7 countries (16%) Algeria, Burkina Faso, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Rwanda and Sao Tome and Principe Drink-driving National drink-driving law based on BAC or equivalent BrAC- BAC limit for general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl and BAC limit for young/ novice drivers ≤ 0.02 g/dl 1 country (2%) Algeria Motorcycle helmets National motorcycle helmet law applies to motorcycle drivers and adult passengers, all road types, all engine types, requires helmet to be properly fastened and meet a national or international standard 6 countries (14%) Botswana, Cabo Verde, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi and Swaziland Seat-belts National seat-belt law applies to drivers, front seat and rear seat passengers 17 countries (40%) Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Togo, Uganda and Zambia Child restraints National child restraint law based on age- weight- height or a combination of these factors and restrict children under a certain age-height from sitting in front seat 9 countries (21%) Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Guinea, Mozambique and Zambia TABLE 1 Best practice legislative criteria met by countries of the African region ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201510 More enforcement of laws on key risk factors is needed While there is clear evidence that enforcement is critical to the success of road safety laws, the levels of enforcement that are needed for maximum impact are often insufficient. In countries where legislation has not previously been accompanied by enforcement, particularly visible and high levels of enforcement may be needed to persuade the public that breaking the law in future may result in a penalty. The report assessed levels of enforcement of the existing laws on key road safety risk factors in the Region, and reveals that across all 5 risk factors; the potential impact of these laws to save lives is vastly unattained. Seat-belt and motorcycle helmet laws appear better enforced but still only 23% and 19% of countries respectively report good enforcement of their existing laws (Figure 5). More effort is needed to collect data on intermediate indicators In order to assess the effectiveness of efforts to improve road user behaviour, countries need to collect regular data on intermediate indicators. This will given an indication on the effectiveness of the implemenation and enforcement of the law. Data from this report show that most countries in the region lack this data, specifically on helmet wearing, seat-belt wearing rates, use of child restraints and © C ris p in H ug he s 11ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 the proportion of deaths attributable to alcohol (Table 2). This indicates the need for countries to strengthen data collection on these indicators, a crucial step to allow monitoring of on going efforts to address road user behaviour. TABLE 2 Availability of intermediate indicators that measure law enforcment in African region Risk factor Indicator Number of countries with data (%) Range Drink-driving Proportion of annual road traffic deaths attributable to alcohol impairment 21% 1.3–60% Motorcycle helmet wearing rate Drivers 14% 15.3–90% Passengers 16% 1–90% All riders 16% 9–95% Seat belt wearing rate Drivers 19% 17.6–93.8% Front seat occupants 21% 4.9–97.4% Rear seat occupants 14% 0.2–15% All occupants 14% <1–63.8% Child restraint wearing rate 0 — It should be noted, however, that a high proportion of countries in the region include targets on these behavioural risk factors in their national road safety strategies: for example, 70% have targets to reduce drink–driving, 72% to reduce speed,and 35% to increase child restraint use. While specifying targets within a national strategy is an important method of motivating success, to be effective, this needs to go hand in hand with implementing ways of collecting this information. Speed Drinkdriving Motorcycle Helmets Seat Belt 20 15 5 FIGURE 5 Proportion of countries reporting their enforcment of key risk factors as good* 10 25 0 30 *Good enforcement considered as 8 or above on a scale of 0 to 10 6.9 4.6 18.6 23.2 Child Restraints 0 (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201512 Policymakers must make vehicles and roads safer Only one country in the region applies any of the 7 priority UN safety standards for new cars Safe vehicles play an important role in averting a crash and reducing the likelihood of serious consequences in the event of a crash. At the international level, there are efforts to harmonize the different national systems of regulations, ultimately facilitating the roll-out of best practice and making practices such as de-specification of safety features more difficult. The UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations is the primary global body responsible for the development of passenger car safety standards and its regulations provide a legal framework covering a range of vehicle standards for UN Member States to apply voluntarily. There are a set of 7 international standards that are increasingly accepted as basic minimum standards for vehicle manufacture/assembly for passenger vehicles. Rapid motorization in low- and middle-income countries/areas, where the risk of a road traffic crash is highest, and the increasing production of vehicles that is taking place in these emerging economies, means there is an urgent need for these priority vehicle standards to be implemented globally. © S ve n To rfi nn 13ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Data on vehicle standards revealed that all countries in the region fail to apply the 7 UN priority safety standards (relating to seat-belts fixtures and anchorages, frontal impact and side impact, electronic stability control, child restraint fixtures and pedestrian protection). Indeed, only South Africa applies standards for electronic stability control, pedestrian protection, seat belt anchorages and child restraints.1 Safer roads and sustainable transport With respect to the importance of sustainable transport and the movement of safe public transport, shift to non-motorized modes and separating vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists) is increasing around the world. Within the African region, however, while there has been a reported increase in countries with national polices to encourage walking and/or cycling and to invest public transport between 2013 and 2015, the proportion of countries with national policies to separate vulnerable road users declined over the same period (Figure 6). However, it is important to mention that these strategies if planned in isolation can exacerbate a road safety problem. For example, encouraging walking and cycling strategies, if not accompanied by other measures – such as effective speed management and the provision of pedestrian and cycling safety measures – could actually lead to increases in road traffic injuries. This is particularly important in this region with the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths, and where speed is such a critical factor in improving road safety. 1 Vehicle standards were collected using information from the UN World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle and data was analysed and interpreted by Global NCAP4 PEDESTRIANS ACCOUNT FOR 39% OF ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS in the African region, yet only one African country has signed up to the UN safety standard that protects pedestrians in the event of a crash. Encourage walking and cycling Investment of public transport Separate vulnerable road users 27.3 23.3 80 60 20 FIGURE 6 Proportion of countries with national policies to support sustainable transport , African region, 2013 and 2015 40 0 100 2013 2015 4.5 11.6 25 39.5 (% ) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201514 Safety through design and review Decisions made at the design stage of a road infrastructure project can have a significant impact on the level of death and injury of the road. Specifying safety standards and acting on findings of a road safety design audit can all identify if further design modifications can increase safety. Currently 33 countries, (77%) in the region require some type of road safety audit on new roads, although these vary greatly in what they cover, and thus in quality. Existing road infrastructure should also be regularly assessed for safety, with a focus on roads with the highest crash risk: 74% countries currently assess parts of existing road safety networks. Getting the injured to quality care In high-income countries, delivering emergency care at the scene of the collision and getting crash victims quickly to a health-care facility is often performed by professionally trained providers using sophisticated equipment and designated vehicles. However, in low- and middle-income countries, laypeople such as community leaders, police, or taxi drivers who are trained in basic injury care and the coordination of transportation to a health-care facility can also fulfil these roles. The most efficient way to activate an emergency response is through a universal, centralized access number with a central dispatch system. However, when universal access numbers are unavailable (under development or during disasters), partial measures to facilitate access, including simple mechanisms to advise patients on the nearest facility and transport options, such as public broadcasts, mobile phone applications, electronic billboards or other mechanisms that provide real-time updates on available care resources are utilised. In the African region, 14 countries (33%) have an emergency access number, while 18 countries have multiple numbers and another 11 have no such numbers. Health-care staff must be trained in emergency care Once at a health-care facility, a systematic clinical approach to the management of road traffic victim’s injuries can improve outcomes. Hospitals in low- and middle- income countries are often staffed by general practitioners and nurses who treat a high volume of trauma patients every day, frequently without the support of dedicated trauma care training. Implementing accredited courses on trauma care for doctors and nurses in hospitals receiving a high-volume of trauma victims is an effective way of improving this care. In this assessment, while 25 of 43 (58%) of the region’s participating countries report having some type of emergency specialty for doctors, only 14 (33%) have equivalent programmes for nurses. Data on road traffic injuries need to be strengthened Data on road traffic fatalities are essential for monitoring country-level trends, tailoring prevention efforts, assessing progress and comparing the scale of road traffic deaths relative to deaths from other causes. ONLY 14 COUNTRIES IN THE REGION have an emergency access number, which can be important in activating an emergency response system. 15ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Vital registration data fulfil these needs best as they are a record of all officially registered deaths and are not time-limited. For example, a person who dies from injury complications a few months after a road traffic crash may or may not be issued with a death certificate showing the road traffic injury as the contributing cause of death. Such deaths will therefore not be coded as road traffic death, leading to distortions in the overall official numbers. In addition, not all countries have vital registration systems that provide cause of death information: although 35 countries have a vital registration system in place, only 15 of them (35%) could provide a figure from this source on the number of road traffic deaths. Where countries do not have vital registration data of good quality, police data is often an unreliable source of information on road traffic fatalities. However, countries still have no consistent definition of a road traffic death for use in police databases: of the 43 participating African countries, 22 (51%) now use a 30-day definition for their official road traffic fatality data. In addition the definitional issues related to fatality data, official data, largely from police sources, vastly underestimate the extent of road traffic deaths and injuries. In the African region, 40% of countries have a five-fold increase between the estimated and reported figures, while in some countries this difference is over 30 fold. At a regional level, while there are an estimated 246 718 deaths in the African region, only 65 8882 of these were reported. The extent of underreporting of fatality data is most significant in the African and Western Pacific regions, where official estimates comprise just under a third of the estimated Global status report figure (27% and 30% respectively). Linking data sources (i.e. vital registration records, police data, insurance data) can improve official road traffic fatality estimates, but this process is not widely adopted. While 79% of the region’s countries use police data as their official estimates, only 4 countries link health and police data, suggesting that there is a need to strengthen the health-police linkages as one way of making the data more robust. As well as data on the number of deaths, countries need information on who is dying on the world’s roads in order to provide better opportunity for better understanding the epidemiological pattern of road traffic deaths among countries and best target their prevention efforts. Sixteen countries still do not have data on the breakdown of deaths by sex, while 28 of the 43 participating countries do not collect information on the age of road traffic victims. For every person that dies in a road traffic crash there are at least 20 others that sustain non-fatal injuries. These injuries can have considerable impact on quality of life, and often carry with them significant economic costs. While progress has been made in allowing international comparisons of fatality data using comparable methods, it is much harder to make cross-country comparisons of non-fatal injuries. 2 Reported number adjusted to 30 days. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201516 Most official data for road traffic injuries are collected by police, yet not all crashes are reported to – or recorded by – the police. Furthermore, accurate assessment of injury severity requires specialized training. Absence of such training means police often rely on proxy indicators such as whether the injured person required hospital admission. However, severity indicators such as this are not standardized across countries – a situation further complicated by issues related to access to care. In the African region, 42% of countries have no classification system for non- fatal injuries, suggesting a need to build capacity in this area towards the use of international classification systems. As a result, many countries now use hospital data as the basis for figures on non-fatal injuries. On their own, hospital data are not a substitute for police data, but using hospital data in addition to police data can provide valuable in-depth information on outcomes and costs. Approximately 37% of countries in the region currently report having a national emergency room-based injury surveillance system from 27% in countries in 2011 to 37% of countries in 2013. 17ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 Conclusions and recommendations • Over 246 000 road traffic deaths occur each year in the African region. The region has the highest fatality rate in the world, at 26.6 per 100 000 (relative to the global rate of 17.4 per 100 000). • Vulnerable road users comprise 50% of these deaths. The region has the highest proportion of pedestrian deaths, at 39%, suggesting that this group must be at the core of governments efforts to make their roads safer. • This regional summary highlights a number of areas in which progress needs to be made. Promulgating and enforcing laws based on best practice that relate to key behavioural risk factors is essential to realizing such change. But this factsheet shows that most countries in the region have multiple areas of their legislation that need to be improved. • The data presented here also suggest that lack of enforcement is undermining the potential of existing road safety laws to reduce injuries and deaths. Strengthening legislation would not be complete without strengthening the enforcement. Data from the report indicated the low enforcement among key risk factors. In order to monitor the enforcement, conducting routinely observational studies is crucial • The factsheet shows that only one country has applied some of the international vehicle standards. While levels of motorization are low in the region, a number of countries it the region are undergoing rapid motorization. Governments must urgently sign up to the minimum international vehicle standards as requirements for manufacturers and assemblers, and limit the importing and sale of sub-standard vehicles in their countries. • The factsheet also highlights that countries need to do more to ensure that road infrastructure is safe. Road safety audits should be conducted on both new and existing roads, assessing the safety as it relates to the needs of all road users, including pedestrians and cyclists. Making walking and cycling safer will also have other positive co-benefits if these non-motorized forms of transport become more popular, including more physical exercise, reduced emissions, and the health benefits associated with such changes. • In most countries in the region, official road traffic injury data are vastly underreported. There is a need to strengthen the reporting and quality of traffic data in order to provide evidence based information for policy makers. • The number of road traffic deaths that occur each year in the African region has increased slightly over the past 3 years, although with increasing population growth this corresponds to a slight decrease in rate per 100 000 population. The region has the world’s highest road traffic fatality rate. If the international road safety targets set for the Sustainable Development Goals – a halving of deaths by 2020 – are to be met, then strong political will and rapid action is needed by governments within the African Region. For references or more information on the methodology, please see http://www.who.int/violence_ injury_prevention/road_safety_ status/2015/en/ ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201518 C ou nt ry p ro fil es © G eo rg e O so di 19ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 © G eo rg e O so di 7 ALGERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 10% (2013–2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 7 308 539 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 4 677 596 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 20 102 Heavy trucks 526 133 Buses 125 161 Other 1 959 547 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 540b (82% M) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 9 337 (95%CI 7 985–10 689) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.8 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Note: There are no data on % deaths of females. Population: 39 208 194 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 330 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.01 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.01 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Driversc, 90% Front seatsc National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR) (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f F or eig n A ffa irs . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: National Centre for Prevention and Road Safety (CNPSR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201520 81 ANGOLA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Council of Road Traffic Planning (CNVOT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target Yes (not specified) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 581 530 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 403 794 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 103 104 Heavy trucks 68 530 Buses 1 477 Other 4 625 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 305b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 769 (95%CI 4 626–6 912) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Road Traffic Directorate (DNVT)/ General Command of Traffic Polic (CGPN). Defined as died at scene of crash. Population: 21 471 618 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 170 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 60% Driversc, 40% Passengersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 90% Front seatsc, 15% Rear seatsc National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Weight/Height Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 2013, DNVT/CGPN. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 500 1000 Source: DNVT/CGPN. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: DNVT/CGPN (data from 2013). Pedestrians (35%) Other (63%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) 21ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 95 BENIN INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Centre for Road Safety (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 34 914 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 28 156 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 828 Heavy trucks 1 209 Buses 1 278 Other 3 443 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 658b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 2 855 (95%CI 2 398–3 312) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b CNSR Database. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 10 323 474 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 790 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law No BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement — % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 15% Driversd, 1% Passengersd National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No d 2013, Study by Handicap International and Alinagnon. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 Source: CNSR and INSAE (institut national statistique analyse economique) DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: CNSR database (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (9%) Pedestrians (21%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (5%) Other (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (56%) Cyclists (2%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201522 99 BOTSWANA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011– 2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Subnational Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 520 793 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 454 093 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 649 Heavy trucks 29 654 Buses 2 023 Other 31 374 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple Numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 411b (74% M, 26%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 477 (95%CI 412–542) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Records. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 2 021 144 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 770 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 10%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Police Records (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y D ep ar tm en t o f R oa d T ra ns po rt an d S afe ty. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (24%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (44%) Pedestrians (27%) Drivers/passengers buses (5%) 10 23ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015102 BURKINA FASO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Office (ONASER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 1 545 903 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 197 702 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 282 706 Heavy trucks 24 139 Buses 9 615 Other 31 741 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 18 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 125b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 072 (95%CI 4 064–6 080) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 30.0 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Police and National Gendarmerie. Defined as died at scene of crash. Population: 16 934 839 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 670 Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f in fra str uc tu re an d T ra ns po rts . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 200 400 Source: National Police and National Gendarmerie. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 9% All ridersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 1 2 3 4 6 5 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No c Not based on BAC. d 2008, Report on the Contextual Study of Hemet use for Developing a National Strategy on the use of Helmets in Burkina Faso. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201524 103 CABO VERDE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2013–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 56 690 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 41 292 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 207 Heavy trucks 9 088 Buses 103 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 41b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 130 (95%CI 113–147) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 498 897 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 3 620 Le gis lat ive an aly sis co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE 29 . O th er da ta co lle cte d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f In te rn al Ad m ini str at ion . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age/ Weight/Height Enforcement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes 25ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 105 CAMEROON INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 119 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 095b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 136 (95%CI 5 035–7 236) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.0% c b Police Records. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. c 2008, Ministry of Transport, National Strategy Report, p. 10. Population: 22 253 959 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 290 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit Nod Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d There are no motorways in Cameroon. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P 2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d T ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 1400 200 400 Source: Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201526 107 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Committee of Road Safety (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 37 475 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 995 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 32 480 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 118 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012–2013) 45b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 495 (95%CI 1 169–1 821) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Service of Transport Statistics. Defined as died at scene of crash. Data apply only to Bangui. Population: 4 616 417 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 320 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt an d C ivi l A via tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 27ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015108 CHAD INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport and Civil Aviation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target From 4.41% to 2% (by 2018) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 622 120 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 5.0% of total accidentsb b Division of Occupational Medicine, Public Health Ministry (data from 2012). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 420c WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 089 (95%CI 2 420–3 758) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c Police records. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 12 825 314 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 020 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: Commission of Road Accident Observation (National Police). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201528112 CONGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 110 438 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 22 967 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 83 563 Heavy trucks 2 449 Buses 1 459 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 206b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 174 (95%CI 976–1 373) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Directorate General for Land Transport (DGTT). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 4 447 632 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 590 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P 2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 150 200 250 300 50 100 Source: Combined sources (DGTT and CNSEE). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 29ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 115 CÔTE D'IVOIRE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Office of Road Safety (OSER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% among pedestrians fatalities (2012–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 594 071 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 445 553 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 53 468 Heavy trucks 71 288 Buses 23 762 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 844b (75% M, 11% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 4 924 (95%CI 4 043–5 805) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 0.5%c b Office of Road Safety (OSER). Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2012, OSER/National Institute of Statistics/UEMOA. Population: 20 316 086 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 450 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100 200 Source: Office of Road Safety. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Office of Road Safety (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (35%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (10%) Drivers/passengers buses (9%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%) Cyclists (2%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201530120 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Program for Road Safety (CNPR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2010 350 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 463b (83% M, 17% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 22 419 (95%CI 17 966–26 872) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 33.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Road Traffic Police of the city province of Kinshasa (PCR). Definded as died within 7 days of crash. Data only apply to Kinshasa. Population: 67 513 677 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 430 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.10 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.10 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.05 0.1 Source: Road Traffic Police (PCR). Data only apply to Kinshasa. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Police (PCR) (this was from the 2nd GSRRS, where data refer to 2010). Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (70%) Pedestrians (5%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (6%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (15%) Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (1%) 31ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015128 ERITREA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport and Communication/ Land Transport Authority/Control and Safety Division Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2012–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2nd Quarter 2014 70 319 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 49 040 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 321 Heavy trucks 13 240 Buses 4 718 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 148b (76% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 527 (95%CI 1 249–1 805) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Eritrean Traffic Police. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 6 333 135 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 490 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate 95% All ridersc, 90% Passengersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 60% Front seatsc, 10% Rear seatsc National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Eritrean Police Traffic Report (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive an aly sis co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Source: Ministry of Transport and Communication and Eritrean Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Eritrean Traffic Police (data from 2013). Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (26%) Pedestrians (40%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (18%) Drivers/passengers buses (9%) Cyclists (7%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201532130 ETHIOPIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Office Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Subnational Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012/2013 478 244 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 280 886 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 58 006 Heavy trucks 92 118 Buses 47 234 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012/2013) 3 362b (79% M, 21%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 23 837 (95%CI 18 528–29 146) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 0.8–0.9%c b Ethiopian Federal Police Commission. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2008, UNECA ''Road Safety in Ethiopia Case Study". Population: 94 100 756 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 470 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 70 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 4%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate <1% All occupantse National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Ethiopian Federal Police Commission (data from 2012/2013). e Ethiopian Federal Police Commission (data from 2013/2014). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y N at ion al Ro ad Sa fet y C ou nc il O ffi ce . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 | 2003– 2004 | 2004– 2005 | 2005– 2006 | 2006– 2007 | 2007– 2008 | 2008– 2009 | 2009– 2010 | 2010– 2011 | 2011– 2012 | 2012– 2013 0.5 1 Source: Ethiopian Federal Police Commission. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 33ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015134 GABON INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR) Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects — Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure — Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2010 195 000 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 45b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 383 (95%CI 316–450) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 22.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR). Data from 7 out of 10 provinces. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 1 671 711 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 10 650 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 110 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.05 0.1 Source: General Directorate of Road Safety (DGSR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201534 135 GAMBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Ministry of Transport, Works and Infrastructure Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure — Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2005 to 2013 54 471 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 564 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 420 Heavy trucks 1 691 Buses 6 796 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 112 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 115b (69% M, 31%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 544 (95%CI 438–650) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 29.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit. Defined as there is no specific legislation on defining road traffic death, however road traffic deaths are confirmed by a medical practitioner. Population: 1 849 285 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 500 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 2%d National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. d The Gambia Police Accident Statistics Unit (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f T ra ns po rt, W or ks an d I nf ra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 Source: The Gambia Police Accidents Statistics Unit. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 35ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015138 GHANA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Commission (NRSC) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 532 080 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 876 143 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 349 809 Heavy trucks 120 468 Buses 173 651 Other 12 009 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 193 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 2 240b (77% M, 23%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 789 (95%CI 5 877–7 701) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.6%c b National Accident Statistics 2012 produced by CSIR-BRRI for NRSC. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2004, Journal of Building & Road Research Vol. 11, Dec 2008. Population: 25 904 598 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 770 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 34% Driversd, 2% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 18% Driverse, 5% Front seatse National child restraint law Nof Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law No d 2010, Traffic Injury Prevention, Vol. 11; 522–525. e 2010, Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community Vol 38:4; 280–289. f Children in front seats under 5 have to be held in an appropriate restraint. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: National Accident Statistics 2012. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Accident Statistics 2012 (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (18%) Pedestrians (42%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (8%) Drivers/passengers buses (8%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (14%) Cyclists (4%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201536 141 GUINEA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Programme on Trauma Care Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011 33 943 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 26 609 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 6 927 Heavy trucks 369 Buses 38 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 629b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 211 (95%CI 2 640–3 781) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police Directorate. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. Population: 11 745 189 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 460 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e Year Number of road traffic deaths 2010 503 2012 298 2013 629 Source: Traffic Police Directorate. 37ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015142 GUINEA-BISSAU INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency General Directorate for Traffic and Land Transport (DGVTT) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011–2014 62 239 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 60 297 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 1 942 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 5.0%b b National Health Service (data from 2013). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 96c WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 468 (95%CI 387–548) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c DGVTT/National Transport Group. Defined as died within 48 hours of crash. Population: 1 704 255 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 590 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 5%e National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No d Not based on BAC. e DGVTT/National Transport Group (data for 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e Year Deaths per 100 000 population 2011 6.2 2012 4.2 2013 5.7 Source: National Transport Group. ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201538158 KENYA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2009–2014) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 2 011 972 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 962 000 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 738 219 Heavy trucks 157 306 Buses 95 644 Other 58 803 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 999 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 3 191b (65% M, 35%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 12 891 (95%CI 10 809–14 974) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 29.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Kenya National Police Service. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 44 353 691 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 160 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 2 4 Source: Kenya National Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Kenya National Police Service (data from 2013). Occupants 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (34%) Pedestrians (47%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (5%) Cyclists (14%) 39ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 165 LESOTHO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Safety Department Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 122 997 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Subnational Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 327b (33% M, 14%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 584 (95%CI 491–677) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police Report. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 2 074 465 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 500 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 15 20 25 5 10 Source: Police Reports. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police Report (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (17%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (40%) Pedestrians (30%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (1%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (1%) Other (7%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201540166 LIBERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget — National road safety strategy — Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 1 085 075 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 1 073 438 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 3 780 Heavy trucks 396 Buses 7 461 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) — WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 448 (95%CI 1 144–1 752) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 33.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — Population: 4 294 077 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 410 Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial W elf ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit ~40 km/h Max rural speed limit ~56 km/h Max motorway speed limit ~72 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law No Applies to drivers and passengers — Law requires helmet to be fastened — Law refers to helmet standard — Enforcement — Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 41ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015170 MADAGASCAR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Intersectoral Commission for Road Safety (CISR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2014–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 219 576 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 122 641 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 44 129 Heavy trucks 22 589 Buses 30 217 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 609b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 6 506 (95%CI 5 361–7 650) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Combined sources. Defined as died within 24 hours of crash. Population: 22 924 851 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 440 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/hc Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 50km/h but can be modified up to 80km/h. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 0.5 1 Source: Police and Hospital Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201542 171 MALAWI INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Traffic and Safety Services Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 20% (2014–2019) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles until June 2014 437 416 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 332 542 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 24 943 Heavy trucks 51 518 Buses 28 413 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 977b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 5 732 (95%CI 4 606–6 858) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 35.0 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Malawi Traffic Police Services. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 16 362 567 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 270 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Source: National Statistics Office. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Accident Database (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (6%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (27%) Pedestrians (49%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (17%) 43ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015174 MALI INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Agency of Road Safety (ANASER) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 289 828 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 162 481 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 48 369 Heavy trucks 18 220 Buses 26 150 Other 34 608 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 20 23 99 86 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 529b (82% M, 18% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 920 (95%CI 3 193–4 648) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Agency of Road Safety. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 15 301 650 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 670 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population < 0.03 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.03 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 18% All ridersd National seat-belt law Noe Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. d Result of Polls conducted by ANASER (data from 2012). e Seat-belts are only required outside cities. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f E qu ipm en t a nd Tr an sp or t. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 Source: ANASER/Direction National des Transports/Police/ Gendarmerie/INSTAT. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Agency of Road Safety (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (11%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Pedestrians (27%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (16%) Drivers/passengers buses (18%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (21%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201544 177 MAURITANIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Road Safety Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 25% (2012–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 416 190 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 204b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 952 (95%CI 788–1 116) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Ministry of Equipment and Transport. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 3 889 880 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 060 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 80 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc,d BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Noe Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. d Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. e Seat-belts on rear seats only required outside urban areas. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 150 200 250 300 50 100 Source: Ministry of Equipment and Transport. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 45ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015178 MAURITIUS INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 30% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 443 495 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 237 055 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 180 785 Heavy trucks 14 061 Buses 2 963 Other 8 631 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 114 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 136b (78% M, 22%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 152 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 12.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, April 2014. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 1 244 403 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 9 290 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 90 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 24%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 97% Front seatsd, <1% Rear seatsd National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Police Road Safety Unit (data from 2013). d Traffic Management and Road Safety Unit (data from 2011). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f P ub lic In fra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 4 Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, Issue No. 1102, April 2014. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Statistics Mauritius, Economic and Social Indicators on Road Transport and Road Traffic Accident Statistics, Issue No. 1102, April 2014 (data from 2013). Drivers (4+ wheels) (4%) Passengers (4+ wheels) (18%) Pedestrians (35%) Other (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (31%) Cyclists (10%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201546 185 MOZAMBIQUE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Institute of Land Transport (INATTER) Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2016) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 542 336 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 459 604 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 64 987 Heavy trucks 12 944 Buses 0 Other 4 801 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 744b (80% M, 20%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 8 173 (95%CI 6 502–9 843) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police of Mozambique. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 25 833 752 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 610 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/hc Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.06 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.06 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age/ Weight/Height Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c 60km/h within towns and 120km/h outside of towns. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d N at ion al In sti tu te of La nd Tr an sp or t ( IN AT TE R) . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 Source: National Institute of Land Transport (INATTER). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 47ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 187 NAMIBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 5% (2011–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 280 583 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 257 378 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 5 854 Heavy trucks 7 842 Buses 3 984 Other 5 525 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system — Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2012) 308b (72% M, 23% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 551 (95%CI 474–628) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 23.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b National Road Safety Council. Defined as died within 24 hours of crash. Population: 2 303 315 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 5 870 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.079 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.079 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 12% All ridersc National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 55% Front seats d, 1% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0  2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c National Road Safety Council (data from 2009). d Global Road Safety Partnership (commissioned by National Road Safety Council) (data from 2007). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y N at ion al Da ta Co or din at or. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 Source: National Road Safety Council. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: National Road Safety Council (data from 2012). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (31%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (30%) Pedestrians (32%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (2%) Drivers/passengers buses (2%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (1%) Cyclists (1%) Other (1%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201548192 NIGER INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Traffic and Road Safety (DC/SR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 315 600 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 190 067 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 109 499 Heavy trucks 7 519 Buses 8 515 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 806b (69% M) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 4 706 (95%CI 3 741–5 670) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 26.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.0%c b Ministry of Transport (DC/SR). Defined as died at scene of crash. Note: There are no data on % deaths among females. c Ministry of Transport, Study conducted by Global Road Safety Partnership in 2007 (data from 2006). Population: 17 831 270 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 400 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law No Applies to front and rear seat occupants — Enforcement — Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0.5 1 Source: Ministry of Transport (DC/SR). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Ministry of Transport (DC/SR) (data from 2007). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (20%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (47%) Pedestrians (33%) 49ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 193 NIGERIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Federal Road Safety Corps Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% reduction in crash fatalities by 2015 (Accra Declaration); Reducing RTC fatalities by 2020 (UN Decade of Action); 25% annually for 2014 reduction in fatalities and 15% in RTC (-) (FRSC Nigeria) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 5 791 446 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 3 267 139 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 2 524 307 Heavy trucks — Buses — Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 6 450b (75% M, 25%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 35 641 (95%CI 27 949–43 332) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 20.5 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 3.0%c b FRSC. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2011, National Road Safety Strategy (NRSS). Population: 173 615 345 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 710 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 1%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 87% Front seatsd, 10% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Federal Road Safety Corps (data from 2013). d Federal Road Safety Corps and Observatory (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y F ed er al Ro ad Sa fet y C or ps (F RS C) . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Source: Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201550210 RWANDA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Committee (CNSR) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2008–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2012 107 411 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 43 395 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 47 622 Heavy trucks 3 849 Buses 12 545 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 912 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 526b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 782 (95%CI 3 022–4 541) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Traffic Police. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 11 776 522 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 630 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9  Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f In fra str uc tu re. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 300 400 500 600 100 200 Source: Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 51ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 215 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles — Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 112 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 33b (85% M, 15% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 60 (95%CI 47–73) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Hospital Statistics Service Dr. Ayres de Menezes. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 192 993 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 470 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law No BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement — % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law No Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 15 20 25 30 35 5 10 Source: General Command of the National Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: General Command of the National Police (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (25%) Riders motorized 2- or 3- wheelers (32%) Pedestrians (43%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201552 217 SENEGAL INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Directorate of Land Transport Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 35% (2012–2022) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 401 910 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 299 053 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 34 197 Heavy trucks 21 897 Buses 16 925 Other 29 838 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple Numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 367b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 844 (95%CI 3 214–4 474) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1%c b National Gendarmerie. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. c Directorate of Land Transport (data from 2012). Population: 14 133 280 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 050 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit No Max rural speed limit 90 km/h Max motorway speed limit 110 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yesd,e BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 54% Driversf, 14% Passengersf National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes d Not based on BAC. e Alcohol consumption legally prohibited. f 2011, Review Medicine in Black Africa, Study on the Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Scooter Accidents in Dakar (Study conducted on 246 patients) (data from 2007/2008). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial Ac tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 0 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 100 200 Source: National Gendarmerie (data for 2002–2007) and Bulletin of Analysis of Physical Accidents (BAAC) (data for 2008–2011). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 53ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 219 SEYCHELLES INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Department of Transport (DOT) Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target No SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Subnational Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 18 606 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 17 773 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 307 Heavy trucks 68 Buses 458 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 999 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 8b (88% M, 13%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 8 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 8.6 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Police and Health Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 92 838 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 13 210 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 40 km/h Max rural speed limit 65 km/h Max motorway speed limit 85 km/h Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 60%c National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 90% Driversd, 90% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 40% Front seatsd, 2% Rear seatsd National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Police report (data from 2013). d DOT/Police report/SLTA (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d M ini str y o f H om e A ffa irs an d T ra ns po rt. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 Source: Health/ Police/ Department of Transport. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Police record (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Pedestrians (75%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201554220 SIERRA LEONE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Sierra Leone Road Safety Authority Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Not funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2013–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 68 802 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 44 685 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 19 969 Heavy trucks 703 Buses 469 Other 2 976 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 2244 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 220b (75% M, 25% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 1 661 (95%CI 1 334–1 988) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.3 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 1.3%c b Hospital Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c 2013, Government of Sierra Leone National Road Safety Strategy 2013–2015, p. 9. Population: 6 092 075 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 660 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 80 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 40%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on — Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use No Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d Sierra Leone Police Statistics (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHSDEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 d ata n o t ava i l a b l e 55ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015226 SOUTH AFRICA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Traffic Management Corporation Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Partially funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2011–2015) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 9 909 923 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 8 894 239 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 367 231 Heavy trucks 350 498 Buses 54 494 Other 243 461 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control Yes Pedestrian protection Yes a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2010–2011) 13 802b (76% M, 24% F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 13 273 WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 25.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 7.8%c b Road Traffic Management Corporation. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. c Road Traffic Management Corporation and iRAP (data from 2013). Population: 52 776 130 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 7 190 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol 58%d National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1  3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate 33% Driverse, 31% Front seatse National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS) (data from 2010). e Traffic Offence Survey RTMC (data from 2010). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y R oa d T ra ffi c M an ag em en t C or po ra tio n. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 0 15 20 25 30 35 5 10 Source: Road Traffic Management Corporation. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Road Traffic Management Corporation (data from 2010–2011). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (29%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (38%) Pedestrians (33%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201556 231 SWAZILAND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Swaziland Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 180 103 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 140 941 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 4 014 Heavy trucks 11 279 Buses 10 402 Other 13 467 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 197b (67% M, 33%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 303 (95%CI 263–343) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Royal Swaziland Police Service. Defined as unlimited time period following crash. Population: 1 249 514 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 2 990 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 100 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit 100 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.05 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.05 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 Source: Royal Swaziland Police Service. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Royal Swaziland Police Service (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (21%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (42%) Pedestrians (33%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Cyclists (2%) 57ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015238 TOGO INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Office of Road Safety Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects No Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Subnational SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2011 58 111 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 11 739 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 41 838 Heavy trucks 4 440 Buses 94 Other 0 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers 118 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 971b (84% M, 16%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 2 123 (95%CI 1 719–2 526) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 31.1 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Ministry of Public Works and Transport. Defined as died within 7 days of crash. Population: 6 816 982 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 530 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law No Max urban speed limit — Max rural speed limit — Max motorway speed limit — Local authorities can modify limits — Enforcement — National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones Yes National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 600 800 1000 1200 200 400 Source: Ministry of Transport (note: figures for 2007, 2008, 2009 do not include data from Ministry of Security). DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY d ata n o t ava i l a b l e ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201558244 UGANDA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency National Road Safety Council Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 1 228 425 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers Multiple numbers Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash 2.8%b b Community Survey in Mokuno (data from 1999). DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 2 937c (79% M, 21%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 10 280 (95%CI 7 820–12 739) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 27.4 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — c Annual Traffic Report. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 37 578 876 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 550 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate 49% Driversd, 1% Passengersd National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2  4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes d Uganda Helmet Vaccine Initiative (data from 2013). Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS De at hs pe r 1 00 00 0 p op ula tio n | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Source: Police Report, Statistical Abstract. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Annual Traffic Report 2013 (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (4%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (3%) Pedestrians (40%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (1%) Other (14%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (30%) Cyclists (8%) 59ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015 247 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency No Funded in national budget - National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy - Fatality reduction target - SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2014 1 509 786 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles 511 604 Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers 808 984 Heavy trucks 85 931 Buses 48 698 Other 54 569 Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 4 002b (80% M, 20%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 16 211 (95%CI 13 116–19 307) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 32.9 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes 3.4%c b Traffic Police. Defined as died within one year and a day. c 2007, Bureau of Industrial Cooperation (BICO) Report. Population: 49 253 126 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 630 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit No Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population ≤ 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers ≤ 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4  6 7 8 9 10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving No Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use — Law also applies to hands-free phones — National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d S oc ial W elf ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 500 1000 Source: Traffic Police. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Traffic Police (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (7%) Passengers (all vehicles) (28%) Pedestrians (31%) Other (1%) Drivers motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (22%) Cyclists (11%) ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 201560 255 ZAMBIA INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Road Transport and Safety Agency Funded in national budget Yes National road safety strategy Yes Funding to implement strategy Fully funded Fatality reduction target 50% (2014–2020) SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure Yes Policies to promote walking or cycling Yes Policies to encourage investment in public transport Yes Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs No SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 534 532 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system Yes Emergency access telephone numbers 911 Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 851b WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 586 (95%CI 2 914–4 257) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 24.7 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Zambia Police Records. Defined as died within a year of crash. Population: 14 538 640 • Income group: Middle • Gross national income per capita: US$ 1 810 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 50 km/h Max rural speed limit 100 km/h Max motorway speed limit No Local authorities can modify limits No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 National drink–driving law Yesc BAC limit – general population — BAC limit – young or novice drivers — Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers Yes Law requires helmet to be fastened No Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law Yes Restrictions on children sitting in front seat Yes Child restraint law based on Age Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5  7 8 9 10 % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes c Not based on BAC. Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth . TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 500 1000 Source: Zambia Police and Health Facilities. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Zambia Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (12%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (37%) Pedestrians (37%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (2%) Cyclists (12%) | 2012 61ROAD SAFETY IN THE AFRICAN REGION, 2015256 ZIMBABWE INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK Lead agency Traffic Safety Council of Zimbabwe Funded in national budget No National road safety strategy No Funding to implement strategy — Fatality reduction target — SAFER ROADS AND MOBILITY Formal audits required for new road construction projects Yes Regular inspections of existing road infrastructure No Policies to promote walking or cycling No Policies to encourage investment in public transport No Policies to separate road users and protect VRUs Yes SAFER VEHICLES Total registered vehicles for 2013 927 129 Cars and 4-wheeled light vehicles — Motorized 2- and 3-wheelers — Heavy trucks — Buses — Other — Vehicle standards applieda Frontal impact standard No Electronic stability control No Pedestrian protection No a UNECE WP29. POST-CRASH CARE Emergency room injury surveillance system No Emergency access telephone numbers None Permanently disabled due to road traffic crash — DATA Reported road traffic fatalities (2013) 1 787b (61% M, 39%F) WHO estimated road traffic fatalities 3 985 (95%CI 3 319–4 652) WHO estimated rate per 100 000 population 28.2 Estimated GDP lost due to road traffic crashes — b Zimbabwe Republic Police Records. Defined as died within 30 days of crash. Population: 14 149 648 • Income group: Low • Gross national income per capita: US$ 860 SAFER ROAD USERS National speed limit law Yes Max urban speed limit 60 km/h Max rural speed limit 120 km/h Max motorway speed limit 120 km/h Local authorities can modify limits Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6  8 9 10 National drink–driving law Yes BAC limit – general population < 0.08 g/dl BAC limit – young or novice drivers < 0.08 g/dl Random breath testing carried out Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3  5 6 7 8 9 10 % road traffic deaths involving alcohol — National motorcycle helmet law Yes Applies to drivers and passengers No Law requires helmet to be fastened Yes Law refers to helmet standard Yes Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  10 Helmet wearing rate — National seat-belt law Yes Applies to front and rear seat occupants No Enforcement 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7  9 10 Seat-belt wearing rate — National child restraint law No Restrictions on children sitting in front seat No Child restraint law based on — Enforcement — % children using child restraints — National law on mobile phone use while driving Yes Law prohibits hand-held mobile phone use Yes Law also applies to hands-free phones No National drug-driving law Yes Le gis lat ive re vie w co nd uc te d b y W HO . V eh icl e s afe ty da ta fr om U NE CE W P2 9. Ot he r d at a c oll ec te d b y q ue sti on na ire an d c lea re d b y M ini str y o f H ea lth an d C hil d C ar e. TRENDS IN REPORTED ROAD TRAFFIC DEATHS Nu m be r o f r oa d t ra ffi c d ea th s | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 0 1500 2000 2500 500 1000 Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police Records. DEATHS BY ROAD USER CATEGORY Source: Zimbabwe Republic Police Records (data from 2013). Drivers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (8%) Passengers 4-wheeled cars and light vehicles (13%) Pedestrians (16%) Drivers/passengers heavy trucks (3%) Drivers/passengers buses (50%) Riders motorized 2- or 3-wheelers (6%) Cyclists (4%) WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention (NVI) 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland Phone: +41 22 791 2881 http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_traffic/en/ WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION-REGIONAL OFFICE FOR AFRICA Disability, Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Environmental Health (NDE) Cité du Djoué P.O.Box 06 Brazzaville Republic of CongoFo r fu rt he r de ta ils p le as e se e: ht tp :/ /w w w .w ho .in t/ vi ol en ce _i nj ur y_ pr ev en ti on /r oa d_ sa fe ty _s ta tu s/ 20 15 /e n/