Cytotaxonomy of Simulium damnosum complex: March-October 1997

)oNCIIO. Co]ITROL PnOcnA]rUE RESEARCTI REPORTII{G: SUBJEGI: Clrtotaxonoqr of Sinruliun aagrry compler rIISTIII,TIow : t&tO/Oncrro PERSOIINE,I Yajime G.G. ffPE OF RtrORT: Qgarterly. PEAIOD COVEEID: llarch - October t 1977 SIOIAIT'RE OF RESPONSIBLE OTFICER:. aaaaataaaaaaa a CONT NT 1 2 3 4 , 6 7 a a a a a a a furuu4r Qrcrations during period. under review Itlateriale ard Mcthod.s Sesults and. Corments Tables tlork planned. for nert quarter Aclstowledgements. I i it' , :r-1 .Vrr',. ' 'r-r r i.ilr ' 3., t,i i / f .i J-iq . ,i \;' ,i'i ' i' ..- ii' i '"? ': -1Ii1 s u'r.l Ir a R Y:# - ,,rr14,,,. i.i, , - -, r,:.li -l{Jr1. AII tfie eix mhih species of,.the dasriostifu cotple# hYave',Qireen fornd in/ -. .. ._\/' i i'; arr ar?ea peripheral .to.the s$rth tueBderii limht'"tJrt4trE'trei :?,bid'a'i'rrr -'.' . ,thip a?ea afe sit-uated the upBey reaohes.r.of the Sassa:d.ra, the Band.ama and. the l(oqroe" rivei'syd+ein8. :: - l " I :' I ; -' r'' rr i.l':t.; 2. New fooi of @ and sirbanuth iaere'i6Cord'e& frbm the1"[olt'd'rgCioii sorth of Control.Zone If. 3. Data on species distribution in parts of Control Zone f,II Us SbesentlCd' 4. $.c[e@osUm BoB.,wEIE iclentified for the'time in Niger rdrere gillg wao - . ir ,'th#.'{fit to be the sole species i'' "^ 1' ;:r"'i"" 5rl,lpata ,;[ gpeoi'es identification in Northern Cameroon is included.. these i,rfinillngg arose from collaborative work with Mr. Alphonee Renz (tfitO Scientist). OmniEIONS UJRtrNc PEBIOD UllDm REYIEIf : ': "'t' In April worlc was resumed on the chromogomal analysis of larva1 sarples fronrithe Volta Region south of 0ontrol Zone If. Both field sanples ard those fn l,lay l.lb. V.L. Asigri and I{r. M.D. Wilson of the Grarra !,Iinistry of Hdalthiar$fvrid. in,the S0ctor for an in-aervice trainihg; tr{f-5 G. Zerbo arrl' rnilself aTranged a programme for them. they spent the first three .weeks on '\ t' an irifiorfliuetfop, tj. p:*flp".6 * t{:]ogr with emphasis on the collection ard iii,t'esbfilatiUrt of tnbtefial and th6'pidparation bfr!.arval; salivarXr Ehrom6sunes. they ehowed. great interest in the work arrd within the short period. were able to reedgillse.3irn6 6'f'-the Chrotrosomal land.marke a,aed. in id.entifying specieeo t,. i''t '--,,'i sAf 'abotrtr'the'$iiire.tirirU s$IUe were amiving frorb partg of'Phase'III erid f,rom.idreag withln an&.'oritbtoc thE'bCP'Aon" trhcre the vCt, waa sttldSing the phenomenon of reinvaglon. Collaborative work was done with lh. Alphonse Renz (rmO Scientist) tUro ie studgring the transmission of onchocer:ciasis in }lorthern Ca$eroon. Dhr Renz provicled material for id,entification. In September I went to Bouake for two days to hold. disousdrions witb Dr. D. Quillevere(occcr,/oRsToll), fire pu:pose of the meeting was to compare data on species oonposition in potential reinvasion a.reas, especially the Sassardra and the Bandama river systems. lBre great interest stroun by Dr.Qrillevere as well as Dr. B. Ptrilippon, Director of the Instituter resulted ln verXr usefuI discussions. 1,.. ''.. , . '.] -3- Illne period urder review d.id. not perrnit me to go on any of the field. trips that had been planned. for the Vo1ta. region uhere coLLeotlons are being made for a seasonal stu{y of the darrmosum cqmxrlex. ldr. Stephen Tei, Laboratory Assista.nt", took -this..-responsibility and successf\rlly sampled Kintampo, Tafiang ang Asubende. . ,,., i,1 .. , t I r' _r "i ualmlAlis {st t",EtItroDs r !,"- -. tarft},e6[lp.1ei! "'io'J fro* sburcgs sulnmarised below: ;.' ' ''::' l)ii.^.'1.'\':' L\ I'-' ':r'. i'|'ri'i:'sassardra rivei eybtem, S.W.l of the OCP qrea i-;i;l;,-.'-r1.,t-'- '1'- P'JrPsvrrt -"".,--. r-v r , <.... '.,',-. t'.; " -i Barila.rna river syetem, S..W-.of,- tho OCP area oj ;-i, r,,,':'u;;'$ai and. Komoe rivers, S.tJ. of the OCP area 1r:.-.r!. :rii 'U\iol'di reg.ion souttr of '(IontroL Zone TTi"l''' ,r',,.,.,'j('1."',,,r, i.' r'' (l;5fi,t"'ai 19t9,,I,r, and other OcP areas ,*lr6#ed, larvae . .*: .. L'.: :'r j1. -,ror"*';.,&--tlr=uru., i - \' ,......-g*arffainct *"+rr.a; liJr"triluu in preparing chromosome srides.li,ri:r;: ti ..lr: , i ;.ir 1,,i? "irr'' ,-!r RESULTS: - t,..,, ,,., Ihe regtrtts sirimarised +?a,T*lgs'L td 6 can be orga"nised to represent data rrom :":T;::ijl*n*., to the south,r*dr"*'ti*.i; t"r"rn]tJ* -; Volta ,'6gion south of Control Zone II ..\r',.?i,i, ".:tr'.''.rjrr. * .,, * .ordas *1lf,fn the.gcP po4e, .pHali6 frf in particulartfl'ii" anangeineft e*ditdu" "u"oltsifgorn-fi8ered. naterial; these are available lreae "oer iahetal t o tfu-iqeq-th LseFt eln 1 ilql ts__o | lb_e=lgQP_Eone .Dt:'r'',l "-' .. aii'l:-;7 El,ve of *tgtpb{rc lheitr'species of tho *gglgg con4:Iex vrere record.ed from the SassanllflatBffdy'as shown in Ilat1d0!.'tt!ig$ yahonse was not found. but $rillevere'fign; pth.'bo*.) has iderdi:ilTiidtl the species from the atrea. [he dominant spe&{bs i.id tir[ locality seem-t0lbt,'damnosum a^nd soubrense. Records of sitbaag$ oid$eoitu" nurgerrinrs.;bW thc -}AirB" J *uo species was wid.e. this also applies'tdY$h$eT&re"or*iVp$, ratersa]qgliiegli. Breeding by soqa,moqum appeared r.estricted'tb tiit 'sl;r. i,lrr;rn*n*i" Sassandra is rvithin the :i Savann€l-r.Zoae'bttt ts par+'-of the Odienne region wrrilh is lmor,m for high rainfa1l. rhi1.{ae$rt r,ry-6fi.ior4i" presence of squaposuJnl a retSpical forest'r species, in the gtr@er i ..,. _ 'l '' '" r,,. ., ,. I '.i ';- | i)'t' l' ], r l"lllli-Ir: -''r-'1 :: ':.1 ! : .r I n;'l _l 4- llhe so,irbiense d.amnosum the dprninar* sPecies;.;)1t,, -';1, and. s apart 'the r_ecord. sofe, wple pOof r",l ',' I r.., -r. . . ,Al1 sile3. !-o,nnIed frori' the Nzi feattned aflrylFsBm predominantly as sllbryn in Table 3. Ere iletrsiw of q.UlE#um was }ow but the ralge was tiid.e. E.,!!gUlIW !: wae found in onl.y'twb'sitesr .,.., - ,, ., ' ' i,'::i,;; ':' ' ; .-' lDris contrasts with the situart:ton -bn the Komoe (tatfe 3,) where's6iitriinsg was abourdant trut si-rbanrn ra,re. Here too d.al4relryun was the most prevalent,.E'pocies. i. it-. Consid.ering species distribrrtion in the entire 'atrea vshich lies within the Savannab, the presence of *uno:osl:m and Ei,rbaprm is normal. {[he remaihlrrg species a,re usually associF.ted.,lyith forest country. lltre presence of these s1g.e-ci,es in the SAtanlatr.addg we,ight to previous obser'vations that the instnreion of forest species into tho savarmah is real. In'the lvor'5r Coast Quil1evere forest speeies invail'e ad'joinine savaritialr sappear from the a^reas as thc dry season (U-t.,2, per cormiillhg" obsgnved that a.reas fluring lh;e rb.itly' d'eason but .d..i '; i : \ti\ approathes. ': ! t'')i' .,' r;1. ,.,. -. . E ddfJ'iiry"$Peg'i;bs 'atJi i -U,l:-{ lEre Vo1ta reeion south of Contfo'l Zone II! "): ", Besultp from thi$ Iooality q,r.e.gugmarised. i.:r Table 4. ls shomr ffi':tFhe repor! of Octoter, 1976t it has alread.y been lsronn that,the:F *"ih Bpecies of the d.am+osum complex exist in the or€d,r - Srlbstalitial numbers of r?forest speciesrt - particularly yalrepse. eflramesum and sa*ilirlal$i - havg always been l ,l Nerf foci gf de0qgsrrm'aar['sirbapr+m were fotrnd in the present sfirdy. , .,..)..!.11 - t .\t . -.- _ E.gSpESeS "na Sg4glig_ {i.I"ru identif,ied. for the ffust time at.AiutiirikAfu anaAtinpoklregpectivelSl,, i,. ,)l Areas within the OCP Zonez 'i'-- Results are shown in Tablcs 5 arrd. 6. ttre d.ata in Table 5 came.from ' sarples oollected. after spraying' operatfl.ons lrere interrgBted to monitor the effecte of treatment. Hesults in Tabte 5 represent pretreatment data fron parts of Phase III. llhe most irportant finding in the eastern section of Phase III is the id.entification of da^rnnosu-m at Ibpoa on the River }triger in }triger. tt'1 ... f ) -5- j, lEtis a,ncl Bandiagara in l,iali represent the most arid. areas vrhere this species has been found. i.rr West Africa. Results from the western section of Phase III provid.e a classical illustration of the distribution of 4arlgqElrm ard s_iflaBu!. llhe former spcriias predominates in the more humid. Ivorian and the adjacent l,naLian sectors while sirbanum occurs almost exclusively in the more northernly, drier parts of Mali, on: Results of the material from northern Camoroon (zummarised. in Table l) are includ'ed. to provid.e some corearison with the situation in t{est Africa. - Camerooniarr larvae were characterised. by large ild.orsaI bumpsrr, much }arger than those observed on west Africall species. - s.d.eLmnsllun s.s. from cameroon showed strong, intraapecific, chromosomal variat ion. tt)RK PLANNM FOR THE I{EXS SUANTIN - tr\rther a^nalysis of samples from phaee III - .Analysis of material rearcd by Dr. Raybould - A contimration of the scasonal stud.y still in progress - rdentification of species in the volta area to facilitate ItIr. Zerbots studies on transmission. - Ibaining of Dr. Gassouma (a HIIO Visitor) in CytotaroryW. ACrODr.II@CTEMEMS: I am most gratef\rl to Dr. R. Carms (ttUO Constrltant) ana members of the vGU sta.ff who gencrously providl.ed. ryecimens for this studSr. --6L TABLE 1 RESULTSlinotl THE SA,SSATIDnA Dat 2e/,6 ecLe 10 airb 3 12 15 6 1 1e/5n 30/6fi 26/6h s/s/n 13nh 13fi /1 4/>/tt t,/s/tt to/6n7 s/stn w/efi1 s/>/n 1fi fil 's/n e fi/tt e /s/n e /s/tt t/t /n t/t /n 30/5ft6 2 3 I 10 Location SampleSize squa sartct soub d.am Tienba 8z'* 2 40 z5 Sien II 11 B Sien III 47+ 19 2 1 SicnAassad.orgou 26 8 3 Boa IV 23 7 15 Boe V 10 10 Boa near Borotou 39 9 R. tr'eredougouba 2 2 Bagbe III 4 2 Sagbe IV 5 2 Bagbe V 3 3 Bagbe VI 15 t 8 5 Ba6be VI 15 9 6 Sassandra 1III 12 2 Sassand.ra VII 22+ 2 12 3 Saesald.ra 1l1[II 7 1 Sassandra IX 14 14 Sassard.ra X 25 7 18 3a"fin6 XI 1B 2 15 Bafing VIII 20+ I 2 Bafing IX 25 20 5 SassandrarTayabouri S.E. of },larrn 5z 1 5t SassandlarForest de Semiarr N.E,. of Harur fil q- t3 1 30/6fi6 * sanple includee sanctipauLi or qqrlr-e&s_e_ individuals which carry a relic arrang"mffi-ii-T6?-rr t6.: 30 RESIJLTS FBOT,I IIIE BANDA}IA c Date 24/6fiT 10/6fi6 26/6h1 24/6/11 2e/5/17 6/6n7 o/a/tt $/>/te e /efit e/e/n t/t /t e 8/t/te 8/t /te tt/>/tt ,/eht 8/3fi6 7 /o/tt e/tna 1 sirb 1 G soub d.amL.o c a t i o n Sample Size sanct Amont Boundiou, 3ou upper reaches q6 45 15R. Bou S.W. of lGdioha t5 R. Bou/Band.ama Confluence fr 50 21 21 t9Yani( Yarani)r Gite I, Bou 23 2 2I I I{aratroue a 4 4 Marahoue b 2 10 Marabque d ovnrstream Makono 12 19 15 4 Baneroni c 11 11 Marahoue d 5 5 I'tarahoue at Kongasso bridge 64 1 63 irfirrftotiA f I :r: ''r'i -*- I I 44 1 -,- . . -1,- Maraholre rI I 5r 61 _t iMdrahoue II . , 'i+"-r=:-:t* 1:l{- n 17 Uaratroue _-?'t. .-' . h f3 1 12 harahoue near Danarrgoro N.W.of Botrafle 30 L.-ts-- - Itl,arahoue e I -F.. 3 5 Ba,ndama at 'Tiassale ( rttzi-Ava1 ) I23 .P 18 4 'Bdndairra at., Tiagsale 65 s ? 1 1., '1 It- I --.+--. .- -+. I t- I ---I----" --- T'--' ---l--*-+- / ir ^.;'\-l\rlr -----.-.\'. ., i -, ir.i-e''f*-- t) -7- TABLE 2 - - - - 30 E '"1 '" '-' 'l , [] (,lY L €TABI,E 3 NESITTTS TNOU ffiE }.IzI AIID THE IO}DE Location: IIIE NZI LDatd 21/1fi7 14/1/'t7 7hfi' 1fift6 7 /1ft6 7 /t /td 7fitt6 7ntt6 27 /8h5 tz/tt/t 26/3fi6 fitt6 efi/ta 5/1t?6 tz/ttn tt/sltt L 2 1 4 1 1 l1 Sarple Size ,al'E fl Aan I{si at Nanrbayeredougou N. of Sienbe 5 3 Nzi at Tienbe 23 22 Nzl I 7 1 6 Nzi II 65 ft Nzi III 15 15 lizi Y 5 5 Nzi VI, ! lor dovmbtrean llibe brid,6e 36 11 24 llzi VI, domretream lPibe brictge 24 23 Dan by Katiola 66 66 IGmoe at lftrfiguela ItsE rcIOE 121 121 Komoe at Ihrfiguela 11 I(omoel lntrranou Rapids $.8. of pribo 22 I 14 Konoe I - just south of control 48 32 16 Kome II - just eoutb of control bornd.a,ry M 34 10 Komoe III; between Dabakala and Abengounou. 14 14 &omoe Xlllybetween Dabakala a.nd. Abengourou 19 19 ilii:!,;,l--,, ',jiil'' t tliI .jiltli l'^::o Zi i 5'.',1{i r.[.ir;reii ;;..,r, I ii-r,-' -Ci'..--r.-- ti ,[---+-^.--. .. L../., -i:'::J': i 'i", i 1i)' I '.11'.! 1i -P-s+r- .n \-\ 1'\. I -'i \i i.". t- !.'"ff:)ti --! .. -q i- i ir)i, I r -'; .' r;'-r,1 .- ' ,-; " j Cdrg i,|'iri,'i .,:.: .:,:i,:. -"-r'i 4'..1 ri.[.'rl.':liirul -i-* ' r' Ir/\r lr .:';,lrl' l ll ilt'1r\ a. IF (-l i. .t :i t'i I I ...-":,-..F.i'-- I L .1, r'r' r +) t -t r--d-#-! r+" i ui i, i lri{ d i \ 1 \ j li\i\.7 i) I\ i\. i I il 8\. t.: ...F- rI i -,:.f It .r. rr, . i .iijr l.i.,"ritori\'i.'rfi Ft':; 4 ,i.ir iui'l i ai\It\iirl.! .1, j (1..1 '.1i'r ,,: ll{ '." . l'1':r'i'i: ;: r:'}'}r l i'i/ ^: r-fi 'r i'. ! ! --.^+-,-.."^- ,;i''jll:;: "i l ..;.i..;i;':;; t't'^.-X j'n" l)':',TlnX i5T' t i t sltF('i ('r !. I r' ",: i:i j.'!'l .:ll i ;. '3 r':1"r'- ''1' ,i,fii'r, 'I ., .::i ': li .-. *::''l rr'l:t:.'rt,!{l , '- nrtcli i ':t i\il r.'i { ;) fl,.,t.\,;1 1''. -::\ a I 4- 1------,- li 1., J : t1r -J--*.-.; ,, i :ir,'.-.li ' -l : t_):') lr '.'.": ir:,itJi:d l,:,''|.i{i:- '1.; :i "'".: i:., 1 ;-Irr',.r;,1'rlX.',::. .:f'r-- .:J.,':.1-fC,i(i'"iil'tri' , ii.),{ .t,.;; l'l.i i ' t;",1] \:- i I -..-.. ...-.-L--..*. ''r.'1',. 't' ii. t ---1- li l, RESULTS FRoM ['HE VoLTA REGToN SOUTE 0F C0]1180L ZqEll Sanple Size c]'e Date _ 1e/1?/16 . q/nfif zlz/tt t/l/tt'' - 1 /tt,- ,t3/?/tt al?jtt irbs 8 21 lltn t+,1.'14fi6 ,liti . NfiM." 25 22lPJrt ts/7/77 a/zht tt/t/n z5/tfit - zs/t 4. 1 3 damyah' sdrc 6pubLocation 9gqa +5Asukawkaw 16 t7 1 r.77'Alavargro fi11s r8 i- -' --t-'.Alevarryd-faIls - 19 Atravarrgb-.falIs 4z - .t --' 42 -l' 56 56- .Alavargro . f alis .a I N 2 18--.Alavarqyo fa1ls ^.-a 40IQedze, R.'faIe' 40 -.17 I 't I I I@ed,re I 'R. -llb1e Site I I t7 - ..-.,........f, i I It I f -. -I$e&aerr* t; t'ile Sit e II 34 -.1", -34 30 3CI..Kped.ze';'R. fble 35i t I Kpedzc'; -R:-Tal-e 5i 1 16 --W]'e .faIIs '-- - .. ) 25 10 ... 1.5, W1e-4a!1n' 44 3g 5. UIe falls 4 4 t.l. J I .i , ..Atramatrsu.'c1fniC " " 7 1 Dodipase 53 fr 3 qB 48 -t - .Holuta; -Ri Zio 14 13 . .:$olutar' R. Zid 25 ,24 1 -'15 , .A*i.rnpolo Site I 28 1 11 ,Atimpohlr -Sit€;'II 32 a0 9 Atiryoior site III 26 8 1825/1fil 7 l' t --+ A$r-kawlciw 10 TABLE 5 -5 RESTJLTS T+TOI: PIlASXS I A1TD II ec ort Datc S $/q/tt $/a/n $/+ftl )8 /5fi 6 te/s/15 rt/sft6 n /z/n zz/6/n 22/6h7 9 1 3? 20 7 4 14 12 't5 Sample Size Pland.i, near Bobo, Uppor Volta Location 11 Yolta lfoire, near BoborUpper Volta Dienkoarheilr Bobo rUpper Volta 37 1 Gite ^tvaI II(BIack Vo1ta)at Sirasoa near Dobo 20 16 funt Leraba, Uppcr Volta/Ivory Cbast border. 9 Leraba at Orechan, Ivory Coast 14 4Leraba at Grechen, Ivory Coast 12Red Volta at Po, Upper Volta Rect Volta'at Dir*aye, Upper Volta 15 2 TAEI,q."6 EESULTS IlTrOLPilAsrl TTT * E[frP.A].Q lfrHT Date 25h n7 zofi fi1 g/t/tt tt /t/tt 17 /1/17 /tlrt 18/2fil 17 /3/17 zz/z/n z+/zht zz/zfit zt/z/tt zt/6/17 ia/5/tt t8/>fi1 bl'cr ns irb 14 3z 41 16 12 7 t9 ]6 7 1 4 32 23 5 1 6 58 ts/s/tt 24/6n5 Daoutefaad.ina, l.Ia1i zs/o/te to/6/t6 1B 1 Seimple Siae JtllLY4.YE scua Locationl #E3HU--qEq,['rgr. d.am 29R.Sota at lionkassa Benin 20 1 36 R. Iliger a.t Tapoas lliger R. Oti at Koumongou, [ogo 49 42 12 & 11R. Kpelou at Sarakawa, Togo R. tGra at Sarakar,la, Togo 8 I 2 2Lad.a Pozartda near Lama-I(ara, llogo 19B. I,Io at Ba6[anr llogo I.JESTERN SECTION rj.+ 51 23 1 4 E. Itrigerl l.[arkala Barra.ge Nr of Segpirl liali R. Bani 50 lxn W of San, Ib1l 5 II R.Banifi-ng II at Kotie, Itr.E. of )..iougounir I'la1i R. Baniflrls III at Kolondieba, I.ia1i 6B. Niger at DJinkoni 3O lcm E of Bamako, Iilali tR. IGnkela'ba at Gite Ihnkela Pont I }la1i 33 41 68 R. Baoule at l,ladina-Diassa, Mali R. Baotrle between ldarlina and l;ladina Diassal I{aIi 10 10Iburo-Kele, [iaIi 2 19Sagpe/tiadinani, Ivory Coa.st 7 9 R. Ba4oe at Sa^1rcrosto I[. of Bour:d.ialarlvory Coa.st R. Bagoe S.E. of }lgapie-<rear Iladinanirlvory Coast 11 I 210/6fi6 31 I La Date @-l- NESIJLTS FROIT CAI.IEFOON 12 cci ions squamosum d.amnosum sirbarmm 14n /z/n ao/11h6 29/1/t7 21/ 11h6 21/11h 6 25/2fi7 n/stn tt/t2fi6 1 2 3 2 1 Sample SizeLocation 822lfiayo Galke 101 I 11 9 Ilayo Gal&e Mayo 01d iri 2 1418Benoue I Pont d.e Boulcna 7Benoue I Pont d.e Boulona 10 16Vina Brid.ge 18 10Vina [buboro 11 56Vina fbuboro -