Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) · Publications

Руководство получения диагностических изображений. Рентгенологические проекции и укладки. Книга 1, 2

31 décembre 2003 Organisation mondiale de la santé

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Texte intégral

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BPIOIIIHMI llOllOCTh 2 CHUMOK liPIOI..UHOH DOJIOCTU - AP. " BocnarreHHe 6plOWHOH nonocrH". Ilono>KeHHe cTo.si. B03hMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.uwMoi:f qyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOI.l.J,HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n. PaJMep KacceThi. 35-43cM(l4-l 7 .UIOHMOB) 24-30cM(10-12 )].IOHMOB) 06o3HatihTe nesyro HJIH npasyro cTopoHy. l.PacnOJIO>KHTe nau,HeHT3, K3K ll0Ka33HO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.YCTaHOBHTe U,eHTp. 3.IlonpocHTe nau,HeHTa Ja.uep>KaTb .ll.hixaHHe. C.uenaiiTe CHHMOK. 4.Pa3peWHTe nauHeHTY .UhiUJ3Tb. IJpH BbinOJIHeHHH CHHMK3 y MJia)].eHUeB H MaJieHbKHX )],eTeH BeCOM .UO 15 Kr, CMOYpHTe masy EPIOIIIHAJI nOJIOCTh 4.

3HatieHHe Bbl,Uep>KKH 80KB Cpe.uHee lllKarra Pe6eHOK 30 Kr

MAC CHHetiyscs. 200 e.u. 80 50-160 32

MAC 3eJieHOtiYBCTB. 400/450 e.u. 25 16-50 12.5

KoMMeHTapwi:f. ,[(Ha$parMa ,UOJI>KH3 6h1Tb BH.UHMa; eCJIH HeT, nposepbTe ueHYpaU.HlO HJIH cMeHHTe nneHKy.

EPIOIIIHA51 IIOJ10CTb 3 JiPIOIUHAA DOJIOCTL. CHHMOK 6oKOM. lloJIO)((eHHe- ne:>Ka Ha npasoii HJIH nesoii cTopoHe. BoJbMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.l(HMOH qysCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaJOI.UHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.u. PaJMep KacceThi. 35-43cM( 14-17 .l(K>HMOB) 06oJHallbTe nesyK> HJIH npasyK> CTOpoey. l.PacnOJIO:>KHTe nauHeHTa, KaK DOKaJaHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.YCT3HOBHTe UeHTp. 3.flonpOCHTe naUHeHTa Bbl.l(OXHYTb H Ja.uep:>KaTb .Uhtxauue. C.uenaihe CHHMOK. 4. PaJpeWHTe nauHeHry .UhiWaTb. 5. ITepesepHHTe nauHeHTa H c.uenaihe CJie.UyK>I.UHH CHHMOK.

3Ha"'euue Bhi.n.ep:>KKH 80KB Cpe.l(Hee lliKana

MAC CHHeqyscTB. 200 e.l(. 50 40-100

MAC 3eJieHOliYBCTB. 400/450 e.l(. 20 16-40

BepxH.SJJI "'aCTh 6pK>IIIHOH nonocTH .l(OJI:>KHa 6hiTb BH.l(HMa Ha nJieHKe.

BepxH.sur "13CTb .n.Hacl>parMbi .uon:>KHa 6biTb BH.UHMa Ha nneuKe•

. 16

EPIOlllHMIITOJIOCTh 4 liPIOWH~

llOJIOCTh- AP. CHHMOK BhinOJIH.sleTCH MJia.lleHQaM n Ma.neHbKHM

)J.eTHM secoM )J.O 15 Kr, c noMep)KKOH 3a pyKH. lloJIO)KeHHe - CTO.sr. Bo3hMHTe nJieHKY Heo6xo)J.HMOH 'IYBCTBHTeJihHOCTH. KacceTa c ycnJinsaiOUlHM )KpaHoM 200\400 e)].. l .PacnOJIO)KHTe nauHeHTa, KaK OOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.Pe6eHKa OOMep)KHBaiOT 3a pyKH, COHHa npH)1(3Ta K $poHTaJihHOH CTOpOHe KaCCeTO-,ll.ep)KaTeJIH. 3.PeHTfeH-Jia6opaHT OOMep)I(HBaiOIUHH pe6eHKa, ,lJ.OJI)I(eH Ha)J.eTh 3aUlHTHhiH <t>apTyK H 3aUlHTHbJe nep'IaTKH. 4.1.J:eHTp - nynoK. 5.C,ll.eJiaHTe CHHMOK, KOr,lJ.a pe6eHOK He )J.BHraeTC.sl.

PaJMep KacceTbl. 24-30CM( 10-12 ,ll.IOHMOB) 0603H3%Te JieByiO HJIH npasy10 CTOpOHY.

3Ha'!eHHe Bbl)J.ep)KKH 70KB Cpe)J.Hee lliKa.na

MAC CHHettyBCTB. 200 e,ll.. 20 8-32

MAC 3eJieH0'1YBCTB. 400e)J..

10 4-16

KoMMeHTapHH. PeHTreH-Jia6opaHT noMep)I(HBaJOmni:f pe6eHKa, )J.OJI)KeH Ha)J.eTh 3alUHTHhiH $apzyK.

EPIOlllHAJI fiOJIOCTh 5 0630PHLIH CHUMOK MQqEBhiBO,l.VIIIlHX UYTEH. nonomeHue - nema Ha cnuHe. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY ueo6xo.LJ;HMOH tiYBCTBHTeJlbHOCTH. KacceTa c ycunusaJOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.D;. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 35-43cM( 14-17 .LJ;IOHMOB) 24-30cM( 10-12 .Z:UOHMOB) 0603Ha'lbTe JleByiO HJlH npasyiO CTOpOHy. l .PacnoJJO)I(HTe nauHeHTa, KaK noKa3aHo Ha pucyHKe. 2.TIOJ10)1(HTe He60JiblllYIO no.nylllKY no.A ronosy nauneHTa. 3 .TionpOCHTe nauHeHTa Bbi.D;OXHYTb H 3a.nepmaTb .llhixamte. 4.C.LJ;e11aHTe CHHMOK. 5.Pa3pewuTe nauneHTY .llbiWaTb.

3HatieHHe Bbl,llep)I(KH KB 70 80 npH BBe,lleHHH KOHTpaCTa

MAC CuHetiyBcTB. 200 e.D;. 125 63

MAC 3eneHO'lYBCTB. 400/450 e.n. 63 32

KoMMeHTapuii. HnmHue pe6pa (sepxHwe noniOChi notieK) .AOJl)I(Hbi 6hiTb BH.llHMbi. Ecnu HeT - nposepbTe ueuTp H cMeHHTe nneuKy.

EPIOlllHA>l TIOJIOCTh 6 MOqEBOU IIY3h1Pb H OPrAHbl TA3A. nono>KeHHe - ne>Ka Ha cnHHe. Jlyq no.D. yrnoM 20°. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xO.D.HMon qyscTBHTenhHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJ1HBaK>lllHM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.D.. Pa3Mep KacceTLI. 24-30cM(l 0-12 .ll.IOHMOB) 0603HalfbTe JieByK> HJ1H npasy10 CTOpOHy. l.Pacnono>KHTe nauHeHTa, KaK noKa3aHo Ha pHCYHKe. 2.llono>KHTe no.D. ronoay nauHeHTa no.D.yiiiKy. L{eHTp- 4CM Ha,ll. CHMqlH30M. 3.nonpoCHTe nauHeHTa 3a.D.ep>KaTD .ll.hiXaHHe. 4.C,ll.eJiaHTe CHHMOK. 5.Pa3peiiiHTe nauHeHzy .ll.biiiiaTb.

3HatieHHe Bbl,ll.ep>KKH KB 70 80 npH BBe,ll.eHHH KOHTpaCTa

MAc(cpe.D.Hee) CHHeiiyscTB. 200 e.n. 200 100

MAc(cpe,nHee) 3eneHO'iYBCTB. 400/450 100 50

EPIOIIIHA51110JIOCTb 7.1 BHYTPUBEHHMI YPOrPAcDIDI. Hccne.n;osaHHe rroqeK, MoqeToqHHKOB, Moqesoro ny3bipg. l.Tiepe.a Hccne.aosaHHeM rrorrpocHTe rrauHeHTa orropmKHHTb MoqesoH: rry3bipb . EcnH CTOHT KaTeTep, OTKpoH:Te ero H orropO)((HHTe MoqesoH: rry3bipb. 2.<l>OT01, CHHMOK 6pJOIIIHOH ITOnOCTH H TaJa - ITOnO)((eHHe ne)((a Ha CIIHHe. 0603HaqhTe neByiO HnH rrpaByJO CTOpOHy. 3.EcnH H306pa>KeHHe TaJa He ITOnHOe- C.L(enaH:Te CHHMOK B ITOnO)((eHHe CTOji, <l>OTO lA, MoqesoH: rry3bipb H opraHbi TaJa (EpronJHag llOJIOCTb

6).

EpiOIIIHag rronocTb IIOJIOCTb 6

EpiOIIIHag

BPIOIIIHMI IIOJIOCTb 7.2 BHYTPHBEHHAJI 4.fl>OTO

YPOrPA<])IUI (npo.non)l(eH.ue).

1 (HJlH

fl>OTO

lA, npH He06XO)lHMOCTH) )lOJl)l(eH nOCMOTpeTb Bpati.

Bpaq BBO)J.HT naQHeHTY KOHTpaCTHhiH npenapaT. 5.3anHIIIHTe BpeMjl BBe.UeHHjl KOH1J!aCTHOf0 npenapaTa. 6.Bpaq He .ll.OJl)l(eH yxO,UHTh H3 peHTreH-Ka6HHeTa. C.nenaHTe CHHMOK (fl>OT02) MOI.feBbiBO)ljllUHX nyTeH naQHeHTa. 7.qepe3

10 MHHYT c.n.enaHTe cne.nyiDIUHH CHHMOK (fl>OT03).

8 .IJOKa)KHTe CHHMOK 2 H CHHMOK 3 Bpaiiy. IJOIIKH, MOIIeTOIIHHKH H MOIIeBOH ny3hlpb .liOJl)l(Hhl 6hiTb BH,UHhl.

Ilo3HQHji

BPIOIIIHMI IIOJIOCTb 5.

<l>OTO

EPIOiliHAJI llOJIOCTb 7.3 BHYTPHBEHHAJI YPOrPA(J)IUI (npo.uomKeHHe). (<l>OTO 2 H <l>OTO 3), CMO'fPHTe cne.uyJOIUYJO c-rpaHHUy.

86. EcnH spa'i y.uosneTBopeH CHHMKaMH

88. ECJIH Bpa'i

Hey,UOBJieTBOpeH CHHMKaMH:

9a. fiauHeHT HaXO,UHTC.R: B DOJIO)I(eHHH Jie)l(a Ha )I(HBOTe (KaK DOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe HH)I(e). Y6e.AHTeCb, LITO 4JoKyc Tpy6KH HanpaBJieH B ueHTp II03BOHOL!HOrO CTOJI6a. Y6e.AHTeCb, 1-ITO Bbl npaBHJibHO 0603HaL!HJIH JieByJO HJIH npaBHJibHYIO CTOpOHy. 96. qepe3

25 MHH. nocne sse.ueHH11 KOH-rpaCTHOro semecTsa c.uena:HTe CHHMOK ( 4JoTo 3A). 10. Y6e,UHTeCb B TOM, 1-ITO CHHMOK 'ieTKHH. fiepesepHHTe nauHeHTa Ha CIIHHy.

•z

IToJIO)I(eHHe - JJe)l(a Ha )I(HBOTe.

<l>oTO

EPIOlllHMI IIOJIOCTb 7.4 BHYTPHBEHH.ul YPOrPAcJ>UjJ (npo.non)KeHHe). CHHMOK Moqesoro ny3hip~.

11 a. C.nenaiire CHHMOK (Moliesoii ny3hipb nonHbiH), <l>OTO 4. 116. IlposepbTe Kal.JeCTBO CHHMKa. 12a. Ilpe.nnO)KHTe nauHeHTY onopO)KHHTb MOl.JeBOH ny3bipb. 126. C.nenaiire CHHMOK <t>OTO 4A. 13. IlOKa)KHTe CHHMKH Bpaqy; nauHeHT ne)KHT Ha CTOne .UO TeX nop, noKa Bpaq H3yqaeT CHHMKH.

ITo3HUJ1jj (EpiOIIIHaH

nonocTb 6)

<l>OTO 4

<t>OTO 4A

EPIOlllHAJI ITOJIOCTb 8 liOKOBOH CHHMOK y 6epeMeHHbiX *eHWHH. llOJIO)I(eHHe - CTO.ll. TaKOH CHHMOK BbinOJIH.lleTCji npH ITO.II.03peHHH Ha HenpOXO.IJ.HMOCTb KHIIIetfHHKa. CpoK 6epeMeHHOCTH - ne pauee 37 ue.n.enh. He .n.enauTe peuTreuoscKHH CHHMOK, ecnu MO)I(HO c.n.enaTb Y3H. J.Ilepe.D. CHHMKOM nauHeHTKa .II.OJI)I(Ha OITOpO)I(Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.n.nMou qyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. HHTb MOtfeBOH ny3blpb. KacceTa c ycHJIHsaJOW.HM 3KpaHOM 200\400 e.n.. 2.PacnOJIO:>KHTe nauHeHTI<y, I<aK ITOI<a3aHO Ha pHCYHI<e. 3.nonpocnTe nauHeHTKY npH)I(aTb nesy10 cTopouy K KacceTo-.n.ep:>KaTeJIJO. PaccTO.liHHe Me:>K.IlY uoraMH, I<aK noi<aJauo ua pHcyui<e. 4.IlonpOCHTe nauHeHTKY 3a.Ilep:>KaTb .IlhiXaHHe. PaJMep I<acceTLI. 35-43cM(l4-17 .IliOHMOB) C.IleJiaHTe CHHMOI<. 5.Pa3peiiiHTe nauHeHTKe .IJ.bJIUaTb. 3HaqeHHe Bhi.n.ep)l(l(u 90 I<B Cpe)luee illI<ana MAC CuueqyscTB. 200 e.n.. 160 100-200 MAC 3eJieHO'I{YBCTB. 400/500 e.n.. 63 40-80

·.

KoMMeHTapHH. Y6e)lHTeCb, lJTO CHM{j>H3bl Ha CHHMKe BH.D.HMbl. JhMepuTeJibHa.ll JIHHeHKa

EPIOII1HA51 IlOJIOCTh 9 CHHMOK Y JiEPEMEHHbiX JKEHUJ,HH- PA HJIH AP. llono)KeHHe- ne)Ka ua )I(HBOTe c 11pHI10.llH51TbiM Ta30M. .l(aHHOe HCCJie,llOB3HHe BbinOJIH51eTC51 11pH 110.ll03peHHH H3 KHllle~IHYIO HeiipOXO.llHMOCTb, HO He pauee cpoKa 37 ue.uenb. He .uena:Hre peurrenoBCKHH CHHMOK, ecnH MO)KHO c.uenaTb Y3H. Bo3bMHTe rrneuKy ueo6xo.UHMOH t~yBCTBHTenLHOCTH. Kaccera c ycmmsaromHM 3KpanoM 200/400 e.u. Pa3Mep KacceTLI. 35-43 CM (14-17 .UIOHMOB) 06o3HallbTe nesyro HJIH rrpasyro cropouy. J.ilepe,ll HCCJie,llOB3HHeM 113UHeHTK3 ,ll0JI)KH3 onopO)I(HHTb Mot~esou rryJLipL. 2.PacnOJI0)KHTe 113I..{HeHTKy, K3K 110Ka33HO Ha pHCYHKe. 3.ECJIH 113I..{HeHTKa He MO)KeT Jie)I(3Tb Ha )KHBOTe, BbiilOJIHHTe CHHMOK 8 IIOJIO)KeHHH Jie)l(a Ha CilHHe. 4.ilOIIpoCHTe nau,HeHTKY 3a,llep)K3Tb .llbiX3HHe. C.uenanTe CHHMOK. 5 .p a3 peUIHTe 113U,HeHTKe .llblll13Tb.

3HatfeHHe Bhl,llep)KKH. 90KB C _pe.uuee lllKana

MAC CHnet~yscrs.

MAC 3eJieHOllyBCTB. 400/500 e.u. 63 40-80

200 e.u. 160 100-200

fOJIOBA 1 rOJIQBA. fiOJIO)KeHHe - Jie)Ka. Jlyq HanpaBJieH OO,ll, yrJIOM 20°, KaK 00Ka3aHO Ha pHCyHKe. HeJib3}1 ,lJ,eJiaTb CHHMOK npH OO,lJ,03peHHH Ha nepeJIOM KOCTeH qepena HJIH KOr,lJ,a nauHeHT 6e3 C03HaHH}I. Bo3hMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo,ll,HMOH qyscTBHTeJihHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,ll. 1.PacnoJIO)KHTe nauHeHTa, KaK noKa3aHo Ha pHCYHKe. 2.fionpOCHTe nauHeHTa CH11Tb cepbrH, 3aKOJIKH H ,li,pyrHe npe,li,MeTbJ. fiOJIO)KHTe no,ll, nauHeHTa Marpau. PyKH CKpemeHhi s o6JiaCTH rpy,ll,H. Jio6 conpHKacaeTC}I CO CTOJIOM. 3.C,lleJiai1Te CHHMOK.

Pa3Mep KacceThl. 24-30 CM(10-l2 ,lJ,lOHMOB) 0603Ha"'hTe JieByiO HJIH npaByiO CTOpOHY. 3Ha"JeHHe Bbl,ll,ep)KKH 70 KB Cpe,ll,Hee IliKana MAC CHHeiJyscTB. 200 e,ll. 100 63-125 MAC 3eJieHO"'YBCT 400 e,ll,. 50 32-63

fOJIOBA2 rOJIOBA. IlJIO:>KeHHe - Jie:>Ka Ha CllHHe. Jlyq HanpaBJieH no,n yrnoM 20° , KaK nOKaJaHO Ha pHCYHKe. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.n;HMOH qyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBalOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n. 2.IlonpOCHTe nal(HeHTa CWITb cepbm, 3aKOJIKH H .npyrHe npe.n;MeTbi. 3.Ilono>KHTh no.n ronosy nJIOTHy_ no,nylllKY He Hcnonb3YHTe o6biKHOBeHHYIO no.nyruKy. 4.QeHTp- o6naCTb nepeHOCHIJ.bi. 5.C.LJ.eJiaHTe CHHMOK. l.PacnOJIO:>KHTe naU.HHTa, KaK nOKaJaHO Ha pHCYHKe

PaJMep KacceTbi. 24-30 CM(I0-12 )l;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieBylO HJIH npasy10 CTOpoHy. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,neQ_>KKH 70KB Cpe.nHee lilKana MAc

MAC 3eJieHoqyBCTB. 400 e.n. 50 32-63

CHHe'lyscrs. 200 e.n. 100 63-125

JlHHH.R yxo-rnaJ.

fOJIOBA 3 rOJIOBA. floJIO:>KeHHe- Jie:>Ka Ha cmme. Jlyq HanpasJieH nO)J. yrJIOM 30°, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pwcyHKe. BoJhMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.LJ.HMOH qyscTBHTeJihHOCTH. l.PacnoJIO)f(HTe nauHeHTa, KaK noKa3aHo KacceTa c ycHnwsaJOIUHM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.LJ.. Ha pwcyHKe. 2.TionpocwTe nauweHTa CH~Tb cephm, JaKoJIKH H .LJ.pyme npe)J.MeTbi. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 3.TIO.LJ. fOJIOBOH nauweHTa )J.OJI:>KHa HaXO.LJ.HTC~ 24-30 CM(l0-12 )J.IOHMOB) neHOnJiaCTOBa~ q>HKCHpyJOIU~ no.LJ.ylllKa. 4.l(eHTP- 7-8CM OT 6J1aCTH nepeHOCHUhi. 0603HalfbTe JieByJO HJIH npasyJO CTOpOHy. 5.C)J.eJiaihe CHHMOK. 3HalfeHHe Bbl)J.ep)f(KH 70 KB Cpe.LJ.Hee llJKana MAc CwHelfyBcTB. 200 e.LJ.. 80 63-100 MAC 3eJieHOlfyBCTB. 400 e.LJ.. 40 32-50

JlHHH~

yxo-ma3.

fOJIOBA4 JiOKOBOH CHHMOK

'tepena. Jlyq HanpaBJieH ropH30HTaJibHO. 1.PacnoJIO)l(HTe nauHeHTa, KaK noKa3aHo Ha pHCYHKe. 2.fionpoCHTe nauHeHTa CHSITh cephrH, 33KOJIKH. 3.fiO)l roJIOBOH nauHeHT3 )1;0Jl)l(H3 HaXO)J;HTCSI neHonnaCTOBaSI cpHKCHpYIOI.l.lrul no.uyrnKa. 4.YCJIOBHO npOBe)lHTe JIHHHIO OT KpaSI rmna qepe3 yxo, nepneH.UHKynSipHo K crony. 5 J.J;eHrp, KaK nOK33aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 6.C.uenaiiTe CHHMOK.

Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.UHMOH '-lYBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. Kaccera c ycHJUfBaiOW.HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n.

Pa3Mep KacceThl. 24-30 CM(l0-12 )liOHMOB) 0603Hai.JbTe JieByiO HJIH npasy10 CTOpOHy, Heo6XO)J;HMYIO )lJUI CHHMKa. 3HalfeHHe Bhl,nep)l(KH 70KB Cpe.nHee lllKarra MAc CimeqyBCTB. 200 e.n. 32 25-40 MAC 3eJieHOlfYBCTB. 400 e.n. 16 12.5-20

JlHHH,. yxo-ma3.

rOJIOBA 5 CHHYCbl. DOJIYAKCHAJibHbiH CHHMOK JIHU.A - PA. IlpwMeHsreTC'I TOJibKO npw L(warHOCTWKH cwHycos. He aKTy~eH B so3pacTe .no 7 neT (cHHYCbi He pa3BHTbi). Bo3bMHTe nneHey Heo6xo,nHMOH qyscTBwTeJibHOCTH Kaccera c ycHJIHBaiOIUWM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-IO .l{IOHMOB) 24-30 CM( 10-12 .l{IOHMOB) 06o3HalfbTe nesy10 HJIH npasy10 CTopoHy. 3Hal.JeHHe Bbl.nep)I(!(H. 80KB Cpe,nHee illKana MAC CwHel.fyscTB. 200 e.n. 63 50-80 MAC 3eneHOlJYBCTB. 400/450 e.n. 25 20-32 l.Pacnono:>~mTe nai.J.HeHTa. 2.IlonpocwTe naQHeHTa CHSITb cepbrH, 3aKOJIKH 11 .npyme npe,nMeTbi. 3.IlonpocwTe naQHeHTa wwpoKo OTKpbtTb poT 11 HaKJIOHHTe ronosy Ha3a,n, no.n yronoM 45°. 4J..{eHTP, KaK nOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 5.CL(eJiaHTe CHHMOK.

r rr

Ll L

fOJIOBA 6 CHHYCLI. CHHMOK JIHIJ,EBOH OliJIACTH rOJIOBLI- PA. Ecml spaq Tpe6yeT TOJihKO CHHMOK CHHYCOB, CMOTpHTe pa3,uen (f0JI08A 5). 803hMHTe nneHKY He06XO.llHMOH liYBCTBHTeJibHOCTH l.PacnonmKHTe nauHeHTa. KacceTa c ycHJIHBalOIUHM 3KpauoM 200/400 e.u. 2.llonpocHTe nau.HeHTa CIDITh cepLrH, JaKOJIKH H .upyrHe npe.nMeTLI. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 3.JlHHHjJ npOBO.llHTCjJ OT yxa qepe3 HH)I(HHH Kpaii 18-24 CM(8-1 0 .lllOHMOB) rJia3HHUhl, nepneH.UHKYJijJ:pHO K KaCCeTO·,llep)l(aTe24-30 CM(l0-12 ,UlOHMOB) JllO. 06o3HatibTe nesyfO HJIH npasyfO CTopouy. 4.QenTp uanpasneu K nepeuocHue, Me)l(_uy rna3. 5 C.uenaiiTe CHHMOK. 3uaqeuHe BLIMAC MAC ,uep)I(KH. 80 KB CHHelfyscTB. 3eneHOlfYBCTB. 200 e.u. 400/450 e.u. Cpe.uuee 50 20 1 40-63 16-25 lllK.aiia

fopH30HTaJibH3jl JIHHHjJ Me)l(.llY HH)I(HHM KpaeM op6HThl H YXOM.

··-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CIIHYChl, JIIIUO If KOCTII HOCA. 11CCJie,llOBaHHe He IIpOBO)J,HTC.H )J,eT.HM B B03paCTe )1,0 7 neT, KpOMe cnyqaes TpaBMbl HJIH IIO,ll03peHHH Ha onyxonb. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xonHMoif qyscTBHTenbHOCTH 1.PacnoJIO)I(HTe nauHeHTa. 2.f1onpOCHTe nauHeHTa CH.R:Tb cephrH, 3aKOJIKH KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiDU{HM 3KpaHOM I 00/200/400 en. H .n.pyrHe npenMeThl. 3.ITpasa.H cTOpoHa ronoBhl npH)I(aTa K KacceTO.nep)l(aTeJIIO. Pa3Mep KaCCeThi. 18-24 CM(8-] 0 ,lliDHMOB) 4.l.J.eHrp, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 24-30 CM(l0-12 )J.IOHMOB) S.CnenaifTe CHHMOK. 3Ha'leHHe Bblnep:>KKH. 80 KB CpenHee Hoc 53 KB lliKana MAC CHHe'llyBCTB. 200 e.n.. 12.5 CHHe'lyacTa. 200 en. 4 MAC 3eneHO'IYBCTB. 400/450 eJJ.. 5 3eJieHO'IYBCTB. 100/63 en. 8

fOJIOBA 7

r r r r

.., r r

..,

L L

rOJIOBA 8 HH:IKIDUI liEJIIOCTh- PA. Bo3hMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.n:uMoH ttyacTBHTeJII>HOCTH KacceTa c ycunusaiOW.HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n:. Pa3Mep Kaccenl. 24-30 CM(l0-12 Jl:IOHMOB) 06o3HattbTe nesyro HJIH rrpaayro cTopoHy. l.PacrronmKHTe rrau:ueHTa. 2.norrpocuTe nauueHTa CH~Tb cephrH, 3aKOJIKH :u .n:pyrue rrpe.nMeTbJ. 3.llOIIpOCHTe rrauueHTa WHpOKO OTKpbiTb pOT. JlHHH~ yxo-rJia3 IIpOXOJl:HT IIO.U IIp~MbiM yrJIOM K KacceTo-.uep:>KaTeJIIO. 4.~eHTP, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 5.C.uenaHTe CHHMOK.

3Hal.JeHHe Bbl,nep:>KKH 70KB

CuHet.IyBcTB. 200 e.n:. 63MAC

3eneHOtiYBCTB. 400 e.n:. 32MAC

r rr r

fOJJOBA 9 HHJKH.H.sl 'IEJIIOCTh. CHHMOK 6oKOM. Jlyq HanpasneH no.n yrnoM 15°. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.nHMOH qysCTBHTenhHOCTH KacceTa c ycrmHBalOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n. l .Pacnono)f<HTe nauHeHTa. 2.nonpocHTe nauHeHTa cH»Tb cephrH, 3aKonKH H .L{pyrHe npe.nMeThJ. 3.PeHTreHOBCKa» Tpy6Ka pacnOJIO)KeHa no,n ymoM 15°. Pa3Mep KacceTbr. 4. ronosa no.n yrnoM 15°, nneqo H 18-24 CM (8-10 ,nlOHMOB) ronosa npH)KaThi K KacceTo-.nep)KaTemo. 06o3HalfhTe nesy10 HJIH npasy10 CTopoHy. S.YcTaHOBHTe ueHrp. 6 C,nenaHTe CHHMOK. 3Half.CHHe BblCHHel.fyscTs. 3eneHOt.tyBCTB. ,nep)KKH. 200 e.L{. 400 e.n. 6.3 MAC 70KB 12.5 MAC

r r

L L

fOJIOBA 10 HHJKIUI.SI qEJIIOCTh. Jlyq HanpasneH no.u yrnoM 30°. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.uHMoi-l l.IYBCTBHTeJibHOCTH KacceTa c ycHnHsaJOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.u. l.PacnonO)f(HTe nauHeHTa. 2.flonpOCHTe nauHeHTa CH~Th cepbrH, 3aKOJ1KH H .upyme npe.uMeTbi. 3.flonpOCHTe nauHeHTa WHpOKO OTKpbiTb pOT. EcnH nauHeHT He MO)f(eT .uep)f(aTb poT OTKpbiTbiM BCTaBbTe Me)f(,lly 3y6aMH KnHH H3 M$1TKOfO MaTepHana HnH npo6Kosoro .uepesa. 4.l.l,eHTp - KaK llOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 5.flocne CHHMKa BbiHbTe KJlHH . 3Hal.leHHe ,Llep)f(KH. 70 KB Bhl-

PaJMep KacceThi. 24-30 CM( 10-12 .ZUOHMOB) 0603Ha'1bTe nesyJO HJlH npasyJO CTOpOHY.

CwHe'1yscTB. 200 e.n. 63 MA

3eneH0'1YBCTB. 400 e.u. 32MA

fOJIOBA 11 HlliKHJUI qEJIIOCTb. CHHMOK 6oKOM. Jly tt HanpaBneH no.u yrnoM 15°. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo,uHMOH ttyBCTBHTenbHOCTH KacceTa c ycHnHBaiOIUHM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e,u. 1.PacnonO)KHTe nauHeHTa. 2.f1onpOCHTe naQHeHTa CHj{Tb cepbrH, 3aKOflKH H .upyrHe npe,uMeTbi. 3.PeHTreHOBCKaj{ Tpy6Ka- no,u PaJMep KacceTbi. yrnoM 15°. 4.HaKnOHHTe ronoBy nauHeHTa Ha 18-24 CM(8-10 ,UIOHMOB) 15°, KaK Ha 06oJHattbTe nesyro HnH npaayro cTopoHy. pHCYHKe. 5.YcTaHOBHTe ueHTp. 6.C,uenaifTe CHHMOK. 3HatteHHe BblCHHettyscTB. 3eneHOttyBCTB. ,llep)KKH. 200 e.u. 400 e.u. 70KB 12.5 MAc 6.3 MAC

II03BOHOqHHK I rPY.LJ:HhiE 1103BOHKH - PA HJJH AP. Bo3bMHTe rrneHKY ueo6xo.nnMoii ttyBCTBHTeJlbHOCTH. KacceTa c ycnnnsaromnM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.II.. l.Pacrrono)I(HTe naimeHTa. 2.llonpOCHTe rrauHeHTa CHSITb JIHWHHe npe.II.MeThi. 3.HH)I(HH Kpaif 3aTbiJ10lJHOH KOCTH J];QJI)I(eH 6biTb Ha OJ];HOM ypOBHe C rro.n6opo.a;KOM. 4.llorrpocnTe rrauHeHTa 3a.nep)l(aTb JlbiXaHHe. 5.C,lleJiaHTe CHHMOK. Pa3peiiiHTe nauneHzy )lbJIIIaTb.

Pa3Mep KacceThl. 18-24 CM(8-J 0 JllOHMOB) 06o3HatthTe nesyro nnn npasyro CTopoHy. 13HatfeHHe Bbl.nep)I(KH 70KB Cpe.nuee lliKana MAC CnueqyscTB. 200 e.n. 25 20-50 MAC 3eneHOtfYBCTB. 400 e.n. 12.5 10-25

r r

qemOCTb 3aTbiJ10ttHaSI o6naCTb ttepena

rPY.ll:HhiE D03BOHKU. CHHMOK 6oKOM. B03bMHTe nneHKY ueo6xon.HMOH qyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. Kaccera c ycHJIHBaiOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 en.. l.PacnonmKHTe nauHeHTa. 2.DonpocHTe nauHeHTa CHJITh JIHWHHe npen.MeTbi c weH. 3.fiJie'IH ,D.OJDKHbl 6biTb onymeHhi,KaK MO)KHO HH)Ke. EcnH nauHeHT He TpaBMHposaH, BJIO)KHTe s Ka)K.D.YIO PYKY npen.MeThi Maccoi1 1 Kr. 4.DonpocHTe nauneHTa 3an.ep)f(8Tb .D.biXaHne. 5.C,nenaihe CHHMOK. Pa3pelliHTe nauHeHTy ,Ubi~ lll8Tb. MAC CHHe'!yBCTB. 200e.u. 25 20-50 MAC 3eJieHO'!yBCTB. 400 e.u. 12.5 10-25

PaJMep KacceThi. 18-24 CM(8-10 .D.IOHMOB) r--

3Ha'!eHHe Bbl,Uep)KKH. 70KB Cpe.uHee lliKana

II03BOHQqHI1K 3 rPY,L(HbiE 003BOHKH. 0630pHbiH CHHMOK. He pa3pewaeTC51 npOBO.l{HTb HCCne)J.OBaHHe .IJ.eT51M. I .PacnonmKHTe nauHeHTa. 2.IJonpOCHTe nauHeHTa CH51Tb flHlliHHe npe.l{MeTbl. 3.IToaepHHTe nauHeHTa Ha 45° K KacceTO-.LJ.ep)l(aTemo. 4.ITonpoCHTe nau:HenTa Ja.l{ep)f(aTb .D.bixanHe. 5.C.LJ.enai:fTe CHHMOK. 6.Pa.JBepHHTe nauHeHTa Ha .LJ.pyryiO CTOpOHY H nOBTOpHTe CHHMOK.

Bo3hMHTe nnenKy neo6xo.LJ.HMoi:f qyacTBHTenhHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHnHBaiOW.HM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.LJ..

Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-1 0 )J.IOHMOB) 06o3Hat.JbTe neay10 HnH npaay10 cTopoHy.

3HatieHHe Bhl)J.ep)f(KH. 70KB Cpe.LJ.Hee lliKana

MAC CHneqyscra. 200 e.LJ.. 25 20-50

MAC 3eneHOI.JYBCTB. 400 e.l{. 12.5 10-25

ll03BOHOqHHK 4 ~ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

rPY,li;HhiE ll03BOHKII. Hccne):(oBaHue nposo):(HTC.SI nocne TpaBMhl. Bo3hMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo~HMOH qyscTBHTelihHOCTH. Kaccera c ycunusaiOJllHM JKpaHOM 200/400 e~.. 1.PacnonoJKuTe nauueHTa. 2.lloMoruTe nauueHTY CH.SITh liHIIIHUe npe,nMeTbi rneu. 3.QeH1'p, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha puCyHKe. 4.llonpocuTe nauueHTa Ja):(epJKaTb ):(hiXaHue. 5.C,nenaifTe CHUMOK. 6.Pa3pernuTe nauueHzy ):(hilliaTb.

Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 24-30 CM(l0-12 ):(IOHMOB) 18-24 CM(8-1 0 ):(IOHMOB) ):(li.SI ):(eTeH. 0603HaqhTe lieByiO UliU npasy10 CTOpOHY. 3HaqeHue Bhi,nepJKKU. 70 KB Cpe,nHee lliKana MAC CuHeqyscTB. 200 e):(. 25 20-50 MAC

3eJJeHoqyBCTB. 400 e,n. 12.5 10-25

ll03BOHQqHHK 5 ECJJH ecn. no,llo3penHe ua nepeJioM, DO.ll.lma.ll.biBaTb DO.llYWKY DO.ll rOJIOBY

nauHeHTa HeJib3H Oe3 pa3pemeHHH

l.Pacnono>KMTe nauMenTa. 2.CHMMMTe C WeM IIaUMeHTa JHIWHMe npe.n:MeTbl. 3.fonosa .n:on>KHa 6LITL B nono>KeHHH, rrpu MeHLweM 6onesoM 3<fl<fleKTe .una rrauneHTa. PyKH .uon>KHbi 6LITL onyw.eHbi HH>Ke nnetJ. 4.TiorrpocMTe rrauuenTa Ja.uep>KaTL .ULixanMe. UenTp, KaK noKaJaHo Ha pHcynKe. 5.C.uenaHTe CHHMOK. 6.Pa3peWMTe nauHeHTY ,llbiWaTb.

naMspa'la.

Bo3hMHTe nnenKy ueo6xo.unMoH qyscTBHTenLHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJmBalOW.HM 3KpanoM 200/400 e.u. PaJMep KacceThi. 24-30 CM(l 0-12 ,lllOHMOB) 3HatJeHMe Bbl,llep>KKH. 70KB Cpe)lUee lliKana MAC CnnetJyscTs. 200 e.u. 25 16-63 MAC

r 3eJieHOtJYBCTB. 400 e.u. 12.5 8-32

I<;f>MMeHTapHH. Penueu-na6opaHT, uaxo.uaw.nilca pa.uoM c nauMeHTOM so speMa CHHMKa, ,llOn>KeH 6biTb O,lleT B 3aJ..QHTHbiH <flapTyK M 3allJ,HTHbie neptiaTKH.

fi03BOHQqHHK 6 ~--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

O,ll;OHTOH,ll,HhiH llPOI(ECC- AP. Jlyq HanpaBJieH no.n yrnoM 10°. Bo3LMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.nHMOH qyaCTBHTenLHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHnHaawmuM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n.

PaJMep KacceTLI. 18-24 CM(8-1 0 ,niOHMOB) 06o3Ha'iLTe nesyw HnH npasyw CTopoHy.

1.PacnonO)I.(HTe nauueHTa. 2.TiorrpoCHTe naQHeHTa CHUL nHillHHe npe,nMeTLI c IlleH. 3.TiorrpOCHTe naQHeHTa IllHpOKO OTKp.blTb pOT. EcnH rraQHeHT He MO)I.(eT OTKpblTL pOT, BCTaB.bTe eMy a poT KnHH H3 wrrKoro .nepesa. 4.TiorrpocuTe rrauneHTa Ja,nep)f(aT& ,n&IxaHHe. 5.C.nenaihe CHHMOK. Pa3pelllHTe rrauHeHTY ,nLIIllaTL. BbiHbTe KnHH H30 pTa.

3Ha'ieHHe Bbl.uep)f(KH. 70KB Cpe.nHee lllKana

MAC CuHe'iyBCTB. 200 e.n. 40 20-80

MAC 3eneHO'iYBCTB. 400 e.n. 20 12.5-32

·.

O):(OHTOH)J;HhiH

DPOQECC- AP. Jlytt HanpasneH no.r. yrnoM 10°. l.PacnoJIO>KHTe nauHeHTa. 2.llonpOCHTe nauHeHTa CHUb JIHillHHe npe,ll.MeTbl c IlleH. 3.llonpOCHTe nauHeHTa liiHpOKO OTKpbiTb pOT. EcJIH nauHeHT He MO>KeT OTKpbiTh pOT, BCTaBbTe eMy B poT KJIHH H3 MHrKoro .nepesa. 4.IIonpoCHTe nauHeHTa 3a.Qep>KaTb .ll.hiXaHHe. 5.C,ll.eJiaHTe CHHMOK. Pa3pelllHTe nauHeHry ,ll.blIll3Tb. BbiHbTe KJIHH H30 pTa.

Bo3bMHTe nJieHKY Heo6xo.QHMOH ttyBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.Q.

Pa3Mep KacceTbl. 18-24 CM(8-10 .QIOHMOB) 0603HatibTe JieByiO HJIH npasyiO CTOpoHy.

3HatteHHe Bhl.nep>KKH. 70 KB Cpe.nHee illKana

MAC CJ.mettyacTB. 200 e.n. 40 20-80

MAC 3eJieHOtiYBCTB. 400e.n. 20 12.5-32

I103BOHO~I1K

IUEHHLIH OT,l(EJI. CHHMOK 60KOM. Bo3bMHTe nJieHKY Heo6xo.D.HMon ttyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBatOW.HM 3KpaHoM 200 e.LJ.. Pa3Mep KacceTLI. 24-30 CM(10-12 )J.IOHMOB) 3HatteHHe Bbl)J.ep:>KKH. 80 KB Cpe.D.Hee illKaJJa MAC CHHe"lyacTB. 200 e.LJ.. 100 50-160 MAC 3eJieHOttyBCTB. 400/450 e.LJ.. 50 25-80 1.Y CTaHOBHTe nauHeHTa. 2.f103HUH11 nauHeHTa, KaK llOKa3aHo Ha pHCYHKe. 3.ITonpocHTe nauHeHTa 3anep:>KaTb .llbiXaHHe. 4.YCTaHOBHTe UeHrp, C,ZJ,eJiaUTe CHHMOK. 5.Pa3peiiiHTe nauHeHTY )J.LJIIIaTb.

rPY.lJ:HbiE U03BOHKH. 803bMHTe nneHKY He06XO.l(HMOH t~yBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaJOlli.HM 3KpanoM 200 e.n:. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-43 CM(7-1 7 ,ZJ,IOHMOB) nesy10 HJIH npasy10 CTopony. 3nat~eHHe

0603nat~bTe

}, Y CT3HOBHTe nauHeHT3. 2.TI03HUH~ nauHeHTa, KaK Ha pHCYHKe. 3.YCTaHOBHTe ueHT}J, nonpOCHTe nauHenTa 3a.uep:lKaTb .UblxanHe. 4.C.uenaifTe CHHMOK. 5.Pa3peumTe nauHeHTY .llbilllaTb.

Bbi-

MAC CHnet~yBCTB.

MAC 3enenot~ysCTs.

.nep:lKKH. 70KB Cpe.unee lliKana

200 e.n. 80 63-200

400 en. 40 32-100

rPY,lJ;HhiE rro3BOHKH. CHnMoK 6oKoM. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.uuMoH. qyscTBHTe.llbHOCTH. KacceTa c ycH.IlHBaiOlllHM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.u. PaJMep KacceTbJ. 18-43 CM(7-17 .lliOHMOB) l.Pacno.llO)KHTe nauHeHTa. 2.COrHHTe KO.IleHH nauueHTa ,llml CTa6H.IlbHOfO nono)KeHHjl rynosHma. JlHHHjl no3BOHOtiHoro CTO.Il6a ,D;O.Il)KHa 6b1Tb ropH30HTa.llbHOH. 3.YCT8HOBHTe QeHTP. 4.C..UeJiaHTe CHHMOK, .llbiX8HHe nauHeHTa 06bltiHOe.

3HatieHHe Bbl,n;ep)KKH. 70KB Cpe..uHee lliKana

MAC CHueqyacTB. 200 e..u. 160 40-200

MAc 3eJieHOtiYBCTB. 400 e..u. 80 32-160

ll03BOHQqHJ1K I 0 II0$1CHHqHLIU OT)J;EJI - AP HJlH PA. Bo3hMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.IJ.HMOH qyncTBHTenhHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHnHBaiOw,HM 3KpaHOM 200 /400 e.IJ.. PaJMep KacceTbi. 18-43 CM(7-17 .D.IOHMOB) 0603HallbTe JleByiO HJIH npanyiO CTOpOHy. l.Pacnono:>KHTe nal.(HeHTa, KaK noKaJaHo Ha pHCYHKe. 2.CorHHTe HOrH nauHeHTa TaK, liTOfibi CnHHa nnOTHO npHnerana K CTOJly. 3.ITonpocHTe nauHeHTa 3a.D.ep)((aTb )J.hiXaHHe. 4.C)J.eJ1aHTe CHHMOK. Pa3pe11IHTe nauHeHTY )J.biillaTb.

3HalleHHe Bbi)J.ei))((KH. 70KB Cpe)J.Hee IIIKana

MAC CHHeqyncTB. 200 e)].. 100 50-160

MAC 3eneHOliYBCTB. 400 e.IJ.. 50 25-80

TI03BOHOtiHHK 11 ' llO.HCHU-qHhiH OT.ll.EJI. CHHMOK 6oKoM. llpu no.uo3peHHH Ha nepenoM. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.uuMOH qyacTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycunuaaiOIUHM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.u. PaJMep KacceThl. 18-43 CM(7-17 .lliOHMOB) l.Pacnono:>KHTe rrauueHTa. 2.COrHHTe KOJieHH nauHeHTa, qT06bi 3aQJHKCHpoBaTb UOJIO:>KeHHe TeJia. 3 .florrpOCHTe nauHeHTa B.llOXHYTb H Ja.aep:>KaTb .llbiXaHue. C.uenai1Te CHHMOK. 4.Pa3peiiiHTe nauHeHTY .llbiiiiaTb.

3HatieHHe Bbl.aep:>KKH. KB

MAc cpe.aHee 3HatieHHe CuHeqyscTB. 200 e.u. 3eJieHOtiYBCTB. 400/450/500 e.u. 100(50-200) ( 160-250)

80 90 120

160( 100-250) ( 125-250)

TI03BOHOqHJ1K 12 DO.HCHHlJ:HbiH OT.L{EJI. CHu:MoK 6oKoM. Ilocne -rpasMLI. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.uu:MoH: t~yBCTBHTeJibHOcTu:. KacceTa c ycu:JIHBaiOI..I.lHM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.u. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-43 CM(7-17 .UIOHMOB) HJIU: 20-40 CM 3Hat~eHHe

l .PacrroJIO)I(HTe nauHeHTa. 2. Y CTaHOBU:Te UeH-rp, KaK Ha pu:cyHKe. 3.IIonpocHTe rrauHeHTa 3a,uep)l(aTb .n;biXaHHe. 4.C,uenaH:Te CHHMOK. 5.Pa3peumTe nauHeHTY .UbiiiiaTb.

Bbl-

MAc cpe.uHee 3Hat~eHHe CHHet~yscTB. 3eJieHOt~yBCTB.

,uep)I(KH. KB 80 90 120

200 e.n;.

160(100-250) (125-250)

400/450/500 e.u. 100(50-200) (160-250)

I103BOHQqHHK 13 UO.JICHHliHO-KPECTIJ.OBhiH OT~EJI- AP. Jlyq HanpasneH no.n:yrnoM 15°. TaKoe Hccne.n;osaHHe He npoBOAHTcg .n:eTgM. 803bMHTe nneHKY Heo6XOAHMOH 'IYBCTBHTenbHOCTH. Kaccera c ycHnHBaiOLI.lHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n:. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 24-30 CM(l0-12 ,l{IOHMOB) 06o3Ha'lbTe nesyw HnH npasyw cTopoHy. 3HalleHHe Bbl.o:ep)KKH. 70K8 Cpe.o:Hee liiKa.Jia -

l.PacnonmKHTe nauHeHTa. 2.QeHrp- 3 CM Ha.n; CHM~H30M. 3.Tpy6Ka liYTb no.n; yrnoM K pyKe naQHeHTa. 4.C.n;enaH:Te CHHMOK.

MAc CHHeqyscrs. 200 e.o:. 125 80-250

MAC I

3eneHO'IYBCTB. 400 e.o:. 63 40-125

1103BOHOl!HMK 14 DO.SICHH'IHO-KPECTI(OBhiH OT,llEJI. CHHMOK 60KOM. TaKoe HCCJie,noaaHHe He nposo.z:tHTCH.z:teTHM. 1.Pacnono>KHTe nauHeHTa. 2.COrHHTe KOJleHH nauHeHTa, t{T06bJ 3aqmKCHpOBaTb nonoJKeHHe Tena. I.J;eHT})- 3 CM HHJKe KpecTua. 3.IlonpocHTe nauHeHTa Ja,nepJKan .llbJXaHHe. 4.C.aenaif:Te CHHMOK. PaJpeUIHTe nauHeHTY .!lbiW3Tb.

Bo3bMHTe nJieHKY Heo6xo.z:tHMoH: qyacTBHTenbHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHnHBaiOIUHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n. PaJMep KacceTbi. 24-30 CM(10-12 ,z:tiOHMOB)

3Ha'!eHHe Bhl,llepJKKH.

MAc cpe.nHee 3HaqeHHe CHHeqyacTB. 200 e.n. ( 100-250) 125(125-250) 3eJieHO'IYBCTB. 400/500 e.n. 125(50-250) ( 125-160)

KB 90 125

PYKA 1 KJIIOqHUA - AP. Hanpasnemte nyqa sapbHpyeTc.R OT +20° .ZJ.O -20°. )],sa BH.ZJ,a. BoJbMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.ZJ,HMOH qyscTBHTenbHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHnHsaiOUJ,HM )KpaHoM 200/400 e.ZJ,. ilpH CHHMKe pe6eHKa, KaCCeTa HaXO.ll,HTC$1. Ha CTOJle. PaJMep KacceThi. 24-30 CM( 10-12 .ll,IOHMOB) 18-24 CM(8-1 0 .ll,IOHMOB) 0603Ha'lbTe 11esy10 HJlH npasy10 CTOpOHy. 3Ha'leHHe Bhl.ZJ,ep>KKH. 70KB Cpe.ZJ,Hee lliKana .ll,eTH 53 KB Cpe.ZJ,Hee MAC CHHe'lyBCTB. 200 e.ZJ.. 25 20-50 CHHet:tyscTs. 200 e.ZJ.. 6.3 MAC 3eneHot:tyBCTB. 400 e.ZJ.. 12.5 10-25 3eJieHOt:tyBCTB. 400/250 e.ZJ.. 5 1.PacnonmKHTe nau.HeHTa. 2.HanpaBbTe peHTreHOBCKyiO Tpy6Ky no.ZJ, He06XO.ZJ,HMbiM yrnOM. 3.YcTaHOBHTe U.eHTp. 4.C.ZJ,enaifTe CHHMOK. 5.iloMeH$1.HTe Kaccery H yron HanpasneHH$1. Tpy6KH, C.ZJ,enaifTe nOBTOpHbiH CHHMOK.

[(eHTp- cepe.ZJ.HHa KJIIO'IHIJ;hi.

PYKA2

Bo3bMHTe nneuKy ueo6xo.nHMOM 'iYBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBSJOIUHM 3KpauoM 200/400 e.n. npH BbinOJIHeHHH CHHMKS y ,lJ.eTeM, KSCCeTa H8XO,LJ.HTCjl Ha CTOJie. Pa3Mep KSCCeTbl. 24-30 CM(l0-12 .UJOMMOB) 18-24 CM(8-1 0 .llJOMMOB) )J.JISI ,lJ.eTeM 06o3HS'ibTe nesyJO HJIH npasyJO CTopouy. 3uaqeuHe Bbl,llep)I(KH. 70 KB Cpe.nuee lllKana ,[(eTH 53 KB Cpe.n.uee MAC CHueqyscTs. 200 e.n. 25 20-50 CHHe'iyscTB. 200 e.n.. MAc 3eJieHOliYBYCTB. 400 e.n.. 12.5 10-25 3eJieHO'IYBCTB. 400/250 e.u. 5

l.PacnoJIO)I(HTe nauHenTa. 2.noJIO)I(HTe no.u;yiiiKY no.u; .u;pyryJO KJIJO'IHUY· 3.C.u;eJiaHTe CHHMOK.

6.3

PYKA3 UPE,LI:UJIElJLE. CHHMOK 6oKOM. Mccne.n;oaaHHe He BhinOJIWieTC}I)l;eT}IM .n;o 10 neT. Bo3LMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.n;HMOH qyacTBHTenLHOCTH. Kaccera c ycHnHBaJOm:HM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e.n;. PaJMep KacceTLI. 24-30 CM(l0-12 J(IOHMOB) 0603HaqLTe JieByiO HJIH npaByFO CTOpOHy. 3HaqeHHe Bhl.n;ep)((KH. 70KB Cpe.n;Hee lliKaJia MAC CHHeqyscrs. 200 e.n;. 50 40-125 MAC 3eneHOqyBCTB. 400 e.n;. 25 20-64 1.PacnoJIO)((HTe naQHeHTa. 2.3aJIO)((HTe pyKy nauHeHra 3a ronoay .n;o rex nop, noKa OH He noqyacrsyer 6onL. CMOTpHTe aJihTepHaTHBHYIO no3HQHIO, Kor.n;a pyKa onym:eHa. 3.C.n;enaure CHHMOK.

., ,

PYKA4 DJIEIJO- AP- .nsa BH,na. PeHTreHOBCKM Ypy6Ka HanpasneHa no.n yrnoM 10°. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo,nHMOH qyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJ1HBaiOil.lHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n. llpH HCCJie,li;OBaHHH ,neTeH, KaCCeTa HaXO,AHTCSI Ha CTOJ1e. 1.PacnoJIO)I(HTe nal.\MeHTa. 2.lloJIO)I(HTe no,nyiiiKY no.n .npyroe nneqo. fiJietiO naQHeHTa ,AOJI)I(HO llJ10THO npHJieraTb K cTony. llosepHHTe PYKY KHCTbiO ssepx. 3.YCTaHOBHTe 1.\eHYp. 4.C,nenaihe CHHMOK, noMeHSJ:HTe Kaccezy. 5.llosepHHTe pyKy KHCTbiO BHH3, c,nenaiiTe CHHMOK.

PaJMep KacceTbi. 24-30 CM(10-12 ,AIOHMOB) 18-24 CM(8-1 0 ,AIOHMOB) ,AJISI ,neTeH 0603Ha'lbTe JieByiO HJIH npaByiO CTOpoHy. 3HatieHHe Bbl,ne )I(KH. 70KB C e.nHee lliKana ,lJ;eTH 53 KB lliKana MAc CMHeqyscrs. 200 e.n MAC

3eneHO'liYBCTB. 400 e.n.

12.5 10-25 CHHe'llyscTB. 200 e.n.

6.3 5-12.5 3eJieHOtiYBCTB. 400/250 e.n. 3.2

'{\

PyKa KHCTbiO ssepx.

·,

PyKa KHCTbiO BHH3.

PYKA5 ll.JIEqEBAjf KOCTh - AP. Jle)l(a Ha cnHHe. l .PacnoJIO)I(HTe nauHeHTa. 2.PacnoJIO)I(HTe pyKy, KaK nOKa3aHo Ha pHCYHKe. llpH HCCJie)lOBaHHH )leTeH, KaCCeTa HaXO)lHTC11 Ha CTOJie. 3.YCTaHOBHTe UeHTp. 4.C.uenaihe CHHMOK. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-10 )J.IOHMOB) 06o3Ha'ibTe JieByiO HJIH npaByiO CTOpOHy. 3Ha'!JeHHe Bbl)J.ep)I(KH. KB B3pOCJibiH 70 Pe6eHoK 53 MAC C~oiHe'iyBcTB.

Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo.uHMoii "~YBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaromHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.u.

MAC 3eJieHO'iYBCTB. 400/250 e.IJ..

200 e.u. 12.5

6.3 3.2

•.

The WHO manual of diagnostic imaging Radiographic Technique and Projections Editors

RECEIVED IMD

Harald Ostensen M.D. Holger Pettersson M.D.

2 0 JAN 2005 Author Staffan Sandstrom M .D.

In collaboration with

K. Akerman R.T., T. Chakera M.D., P. Corr M.D.. K Eklund R.T. , L. Frostgard R.T. , C. Fy edai-Kastberg R.T., R. Garcia Monaco M.D., R. Gunther M D.. T. Holm M.D., V Jackson M.D .• M. Joshi M.D .. P. Palmer M.D., M. Watnick M D.

Published by the World Health Organization in collaboration with the International Society of Radiology

BCEMIIPHMI OPrAHH3AQIDI 3)1,PABOOXP AHEHIDI PYKOBO)J,CTBO ITO~YqEHMR )J,JIArHOCTJiqECKHX H306P AJKEHHH

PEHTfEHOfPA<DHLIECKI1E ITPOEKIJ}1I1 l1 YKJIA~KH.

KHHfA 2

PYKA6 llJIEqEBAJI KOCTh - AKCHAJibHbiH CHHMOK. 1.PacrronmKHTe rrau,HeHTa. TionmKHTe KacceTy rro,IJ, pyKy Ha BhiCOTe 12-15 cM oT KacceTo,IJ,ep)l{aTemr. 2.TI0311ll,l15I rraiJ,HeHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha p11CYHKe 3.YcTaHOBI1Te ll,eHTp. 4.C,IJ,eiiaHTe CHI1MOK.

~03bMI1Te

ITJieHKy He06XO)J,l1MOH qyBCTBI1TeJibHOCTI1. ~acceTa c ycHJIHBaiOIIJ;HM 3KpaHOM 100/200 e,IJ,.

'a3Mep KacceThi. 8-24 CM(8-1 0 )J,IOHMOB) )603HaqbTe JieByiO 11JII1 rrpaByiO CTOpOHy. MAC CHHeqyBcTB. 200 e,IJ,. 10 MAC 3eiieHoqyBCTB. 400 e,IJ,. 25

3HaqeHHe Bbi,IJ,ep)l{Kl1. 53 KB

Cpe,IJ,Hee

PYKA 7 IIJIEqo

- AP. CHHMOK rrocne T}JaBMbi.

Bo3I>MHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,[(HMOH qyacTBHTeJII>HOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOw;HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,[(. Pa3Mep KacceTI>I. 24-30 CM(10-12 ,[(IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH rrpaayiO CTOpOHy. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,[(ep)I(KH. 70KB Cpe,[(Hee lliKana MAc CHHeqyacTB. 200 e):(. 12.5 10-32 MAC

1.PaCITOJio:>KHTe ITaiU~eHTa, KaK I10Ka3aHO Ha pHI 2.PyKa coreyTa ITO,[( rrpMMbiM yrJIOM. 3.YCTaHOBHTe lleH'I'p. 4.C,[(eJiaiiTe CHHMOK.

3eJieHOtJYBCTB. 400 e,[(. 6.3 5-16

PYKA8 nJIEqo, S:::HHMOK 6oKOM. IIocrre TpaBMhi. I.PacrrorrmKHTe rrau;neHTa. 2.TI0311IJ,l1~ rrau;neHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pncyHKe.

Bo3hMHTe nrreHKY Hco6xo,n:HMoi1 qyscTBI1TeJThHOCTI1.

KacceTa c ycHrrnBaiDW:HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,n:.

3.YCTaHOBHTe u;eHTp. 4.C,n:erraiiTe CHI1MOK.

Pa3Mep KacceThi.

24-30 CM(l0-J2 AIDHMOB)

0603Ha%Te JTCBYIO l1Jll1 I1pasyiO CTOpOHy. 3HaqeHHe Bhi,n:ep)f{KH. 70 KB Cpe,n:Hee lllKarra CnHeqyscTB. 200 e,n:. 32 20-50 3erreHoqyBCTB. 400 e,n:. MAc MAC

16 10-25

PYKA9 IIJIEqEB.Aj_[ KOCTh - AP. CHHMOK 6oKoM . .ll:aa BH,ZJ;a. 1.PacnoJIO:>KHTe na:u;HeHTa. 2.IloaepHHTe pyKy na:u;HeHTa KHCTbiO BBepx. 3.YcTaHOBHTe :QeHTP. 4.C,n;enaiiTe CHHMOK. 5.IloMeiDiiiTe KacceTy. 6.IloaepHHTe PYKY na:u;HeHTa KHCTbiO BHH3. 7. C,n;enaiiTe CHHMOK. Bo3bMHTe nneHKY Heo6xo,n;HMoii qyBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOI:QHM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n;. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 18-43 CM(7 -17 ,li;IOHMOB) 06o3HaqhTe neayro HJIH npaayro cTopoey.

3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep:>KKH. 70KB Cpe,n;Hee lliKana

MAC CHHeqyacTB. 200 e.n;. 12.5 8-16

MAc 3eJieHOqyBCTB. 400 e.n;. 6.3 4-8

PYKA 10 nJIEqEBA51 KOCTh - AP. CmiMOK nocne TpaBMbl.

l.PacnOJIO)I(IITe nau,HeHTa, KaK OOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 303hMIITe nJieHKY Heo6XO,ll,IIMOH 4YBCTBIITeJihHOCTII. CacceTa c ycHJIIIBaiOI_[(IIM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,LJ,. 2.PyKa nau,HeHTa corHyTa no,LJ, np51MhiM yrnoM. 3.YCTaHOBIITe IJ,eHTp. >a3Mep KacceThi. 4.C,LJ,eJiai:JTe CHIIMOK. 8-43 CM(7-17 ,LJ,IOHMOB) )603Ha4hTe JieByiO IIJIII npasyiO CTOpOHy. 3Ha4eHIIe Bhl,LJ,ep)I{KII. 70 KB Cpe,LJ,Hee illKana MAC CHHeqyscTB. 200 e,LJ,. 12.5 8-16 MAC 3eneH04YBCTB. 400 e,LJ,. 6.3 4-8 !

PYKA 11 IIJIEqEBA51 KOCTh. CHHMOK 6oKoM. llocne rpasMI:.I. 1.Pacrrorro:>KMTe rra~MeHTa. KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 3.YcTaHOBHTe ~eHrp. 4.C,n;erraifTe CHHMOK. 2.ll03H~IDI rra~MeHTa,

Bo3bMMTe rmeHKY Heo6xo,n;MMoif qyscTBMTeJII:.HOCTH. KacceTa c ycmmsaiOrn;MM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e,n;. Pa3Mep KacceTI:.I. 18-43 CM(7-17 ,ll;IOHMOB) HJIH 20-40 CM 0603HaqJ:.Te rresy10 MJIH rrpasy10 CTOPOHY. 3HaqeHMe Bhl,n;ep:>KKH. 70KB Cpe,n;Hee lliKarra MAc CMHeqyscTB~-

MAC

200 e,n;. 25 20-40

3erreHoqyscTB. 400 e,n;. 12.5 10-20

PYKA 12 JIOKOTb- AP. Tiono)l{eHHe rrau,HeHTa CH,L\51, pyKa BbiT~IHyTa Brrepe,L~. 1.PacnOJIO)l{HTe naU,HCHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe 2.PyKa rrau,HeHTa ITOBepHyTa KHCTblO BBepx. TipH Hccne,L~oBaHHH pe6eHKa, pyKy rroJIO)l{HTb Ha KacceTy Ha BbiCOTe I 0-12 cM OT KacceTo- ,L~ep)l{aTe JI5!, ,[(Jl5! T04HOH ycTaHOBKH U,eHTpa. 3.YcTaHOBHTe U,eHTp. 4.C,L~enai:JTe CHHMOK.

303bMHTe ITJieHKY He06XO,[(HMOH 4YBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. CacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOW,HM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e,L~.

>a3Mep KacceThi. 8-24 CM(8-1 0 ,LIIOHMOB) )6o3Ha4hTe neByiO HJIH npasy10 cTopoHy.

3Ha4eHHe Bbi,L~ep)l{KH.

MAC CHHeYyBCTB. 50 12.5 8-25

MAc 3eJieH04yBCTB. I 00/63 10 6.3-20

53 KB Cpe,L~Hee

lliKana

PYKA 13 JIOKOTb. CHHMOK 60KOM. 1.PaCIIOJIO)IQITe rra:QHeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.PyKa rra:u;HeHTa IIOBepHYTa 60JibiiiHM IIaJib:QeM BBepx. ,[(.rui ,n;eTeif- IIO,[(JIO)I(HTb IIO,[(CTaBKY 10-

Bo3bMHTe IIJieHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOH qyacTBHTeJibHOCTH. Kaccem c ycHJIHBaiOIIJ;HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e.n;.

Pa3Mep KacCeTbi. 18-24 CM(8-10 ,[(IOHMOB) 06o3HaqbTe JieayiO HJIH rrpaay10 cTopoey. 3HaqeHHe Bbl.n;ep)I(KH. 53 KB Cpe,n;Hee lliKaJia MAc_ CHHeqyacTa. 50 e.n;. 20 12.5-25

12 CM. 3.YCTaHOBHTe :QeHTp. 4.C,n;eJiaHTe CHHMOK.

MAC 3eJieHOtzyBCTB. 16 16 10-20

PYKA14

JIOKOTb-

AP.

Tiocrre TpaBMhi. TiorrycorHyToe rrorro)l(eHIIe. )],sa BII,IJ;a. 1. PacrroJIO)I(IITe rrau;IIeHTa, KaK rroKa3aHo Ha piiCYHKe. 2.PyKa rrau;IIeHTa IIOBepHyTa KliCThiO BBepx. )J,mr ,IJ;eTeH IIO,IJ;JIO)I(IfTe IIO,ll;CTaBKY 10-12 CM. 3.YcTaHOBIITe u,eHTp. 4.C,IJ;eJiaHTe CHIIMOK. 5.TioMemrilTe KacceTy, c,IJ;erra:HTe ,ll;pyro:H CHIIMOK.

HhMIITe IIJieHKY He06XO,ll;liMOH qyBCTBIITeJihHOCTll.

lCCeTa C YCIIJIIIBaiOlll,liM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,IJ;.

l3Mep KacceTbi. -24 CM(8-1 0 ,IJ;IOHMOB) )03HaqbTe rreByiO HJIII rrpasyiO cTopoHy. MAc CIIHeqyscTB. 50 e,IJ;. 20 12.5-25 MAC

HaqeHIIe Bblep)I(KII. 53 KB

:pe,IJ;Hee UKarra

3erreHoqyBCTB. 100/63 e,IJ;. 16 10-20

PYKA 15 OJi30PHbiH CHHMOK . KOCTEH IIPE,ll;IIJIEqb~- PA. Bo3hMHTe rmeHKY Heo6xo.n;HMOM qyBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaroru;HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e.n;. EcnH pyKa B rHrrce 200/400 e.n;. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 24-30 CM(10-12 ,l(IOMMOB) 18-24 CM(8-1 0 ,l(IOMMOB) IIpH HCCJie,l(OBaHHH ,n;eTeM. 0603HaqhTe JieByiO HJIH rrpaByiO CTOpoey. 3HaqeHHe Bhl,n;ep)I(KH. 53 KB Cpe,n;Hee lllKana C IIOBH3KOM 60KB Cp_e,n;Hee MAC CHeqyBcTB. 50 e.n;. 12.5 8-20 CHHeqyBCTB. 200 e.n;. 6.3 MAC 3eneHoqyBCTB. 100/63 e.n;. 10 6.3-16 3eJieHoqyBCTB. 400/320 e.n;. 4

llocn~ rpaBMbi.

1.PaCIIOJio:>KHTe rra:QHeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.PyKa rraQHeHTa IIOBepHyTa KHCTblO BHH3. JlOKOTb COrHyT IIO,l( yrJIOM 90°. 3.YCTaHOBHTe QeHrp. 4.C,n;enaii:Te CHHMOK.

PYKA 16 KOCTM IIPE)l,llJIEqh51. CmiMOK 6oKoM. ITocne TpaBMbi.

03bMIITC ITJlCHKy HC06XO,UIIMOH I.JYBCTBIITCJlbHOCTII.

l.PacrrOJlO)KIITC ITaQIICHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha piiCYHKC. 2.PyKa rraQIICHTa ITOBCpHyTa 60JlblliiiM llaJlbQCM ssepx. 3.YCTaHOBIITC IJ,CHTp. 4.C,UCJlaHTC CHIIMOK.

:acceTa c yciiJliiBaiOLQIIM 3KpaHOM 50/I 00 e,U.

cnii pyKa B riirrce 200/400 e,U.

a3Mep KacceTbi.

4-30 CM (I 0-12 ,UIOHMOB)

8-24 CM(8-l 0 ,UIOHMOB) rrpii IICCJlC,UOBaHIIII ,UCTCH.

1603Hai.JbTC JlCByiO IIJlii rrpaByiO CTOpoHy.

3Hai.JCHIIC Bbl-

MAC

'(Cp)I(KII. 53

CIIHCI.JYBCTB. 50 C,U. 12.5 8-20 CIIHCI.JYBCTB. 200 C,U. 6.3

3eJlCHOI.JYBCTB. 100/63 C,U. 10 6.3-16 3eneHOI.JYBCTB. 400/320 C,U. 4

::::pe,UHCC

liKana

=ITOB513KOH 60

::::pe,UHCC

PYKA 17 KHCTh. 063opHbiH CHHMOK - PA. IloJIO)I(eHHe pyKH, KaK rroKa3aHo Ha pHcyHKe. Bo3hMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOH qyBCTBHTeJihHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiO~HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,n;. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 18-24 CM(8-10 ,ll;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH rrpaByiO CTOpOHy.

1.PacrroJIO)I(HTe rra.u;HeHTa. 2.PyKa rran;HeHTa paCIIOJIO)I(eHa KHCTbiO BHH3. 3.YCTaHOBHTe n;eHTP. 4.C,n;enaifTe CHHMOK. 5 .Ilo rrpoch6e Bpaqa, 3aMeHHTe Kaccery, rroBef Te KHCTb, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pMCYHKe, C,D;eJiaH1 IIOBTOpHbiH CHHMOK.

3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep)I(KH. 53 KB Cpe,n;Hee lliKana

MAc CHHeqyBcTB. 50 e,n;. 8 5-16

MAc 3eJieHoqyBCTB. 100/63 e,n;. 6.3 4-12.5

PYKA 18 KU:CTh. CmiMOK 6oKoM. 1.PaciTOJIO"/KIITe naiJ,IIeHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha piiCYHKe. 2.PyKa nau.IIeHTa nosepHyTa 6onhiiiiiM nanhIJ,eM ssepx. 3.YCTaHOBIITe IJ,eHTp. 4.C,.[(eJiai1Te CHIIMOK.

lo3hMIITe nneHKY Heo6xo,.[(HMOH LJYBCTBIITeJihHOCTII.

:acceTa c ycHJIIIBaiOlll,IIM 3KpaHOM 501100 e,.[(.

'a3Mep KacceThi. 8-24 CM(8-1 0 ,.[(IOHMOB) )603HaLJbTe JieByiO IIJIH npaByiO CTOpOHy. MAc CHHeLJyBCTB. 50 KB 12.5 8-20 MAC

3HaLJeHIIe Bhln;ep)I(KII. 53 KB

Cpe,.[(Hee WKana

3eJieHOLJYBCTB. 100/63 e,.[(. 10 6.3-16

PYKA 19 IIAJIL:Qhl KHCTH. Ilocne 'TpaBMbi. Bo3bMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,ll;HMOii qyscTBHTennHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHnHBaiO:rn;HM 3KpaHOM 501100 e)J;. PruMep KacceThi. 18-24 CM(8-10 ,ll;IOHMOB) 06o3HaqbTe nesy10 HnH rrpasy10 cTOpony. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,ll;ep)I(KH. 53 KB Cpe,ll;Hee lliKana MAC MAC

1.PacrronmKHTe rran;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.KliCTb HaXO,ll;HTCH Ha IIO)J;yiiiKe, KaK IIOKa3aH HapncyHKe. 3.YcTaHOBHTe n;eH'Tp. 4.C,ll;enaihe CHHMOK. 5.C,ll;enaihe ,ll;pyroii BH,ll;.

CHHeqyscTB. 50 e,ll;. 10 6.3-20

3eneHoqyscTB. 100/63 e,ll;. 8 5-16

PYKA 20 KMCTh- PA. CmrMKH pa3JIHYHhiX BH)J,OB. l.PacrronmKHTe rrau,neHTa. 2.YCTaHOBl1TC U,eHTp, KaK IlOK3aHO Ha pncyHKe. KncTh- na)J,OHhiO BHI13. 3.C)J,eJiai1Te CHHMOK. 4.f10BTOpHTe CHHMOK Jia)J,OHhiO BBepx.

)3hMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo)J,HMoi1 YYBCTBHTCJihHOCTH.

1cceTa c ycHJIHBaiOUI,HM 3KpaHOM 50/ I 00 e)J,.

t3Mep KacceThi.

:-24 CM(8-10 )J,IOHMOB)

003HaYbTe JieByiO IIJIII npaByiO CTOpOHy. MAc CnHeYyBCTB. 50 e)J,. 8 5-12.5 MAC 3eJieHOYYBCTB.

:HaYeHHC Bhl46 KB

1ep)l(KII.

I 00/50 e)J,. 8 5-12.5

:pe)J,Hee

ilKana

--1 I I

r r

L _j

L L _j

PYKA21 TIAJihD;hl KHCTH- AP.

Bo3LMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,n;HMoii qyscTBHTeJILHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiDIIJ;HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,n;. Pa3Mep KacceTLI. 18-24 CM(8-1Q ,li;IOHMOB) 06o3HaqLTe nesy10 HJIH rrpasy10 CTOPOHY. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep:>KKH. 46KB Cpe,n;Hee IliKana MAC CHHeqyscTB. 50 e,n;. 16 12.5-25 MAc

1.PaCIIOJIO:>KHTe rran;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.TianLIJ;bi pacrrono:>KeHbl Ha KacceTe, KaK rroKa 3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 3.YcTaHOBHTe n;eHTP. 4.C,n;ena:iiTe CHHMOK.

3eneHoqyscTB. 100/50 e,n;. 16 12.5-25

PYKA22 llAJihll,hl. CHHMOK 60KOM. 1.PaCITOJIQ)Kl1Te rrau,IIeHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.KIICTb ITOBepHyTa Jia)J,OHblO BHl13, rraJiblJ,bi C)l(aTbl. 3.YCTaHOBIITe IJ,eHTP. 4.C)J,eJiaHTe CHHMOK.

03bMIITe ITJieHKY He06XO)J,l1MOH qyscTBHTeJibHOCTII.

acceTa c yciiJIIIBaiOlli,HM 3KpaHoM 501100 e)J,.

a3Mep KacceThi. ~-24 CM(8-1Q )J,IOHMOB) BbiMAC CIIHeqyscTB. 50 e)J,. 16 12.5-25 MAC

~HaqeHIIe

~ep)I(KII.

46 KB

=:pe)J,Hee llKarra

3erreHoqyscTB. 100/50 e)J,. 16 12.5-25

-~,

r r

L L

L _j

PYKA23 TIAJIE:Q. CHHMOK 60KOM.

Bo3bMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,n:HMoM: qyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiO:rn;HM 3KpaHoM 50/100 e,n:. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-10 ,LI;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH rrpaByiO CTOpOHy. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,LI;etl_:>KKH. 46KB Cpe,n:Hee lliKana MAc CHHeqyscTB. 50 e,n:. 8 6.3-12.5 MAC

1.PaCIIOJio:>KHTe rra:u;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO H~ pHCYHKe. 2.ECJIH He06XO,LI;HMO, OTOrHHTe rrane:u; C IIOMO:rn;biO IIaJIOqKH. 3. C,n:enaihe CHHMOK. ,[l;aHHbie rJiaBbl 21 HCIIOJib3YIOTC.si ,LI;JI.sl IIOJIO:>KeHH.si AP H BH,n:a B :u;eno

3eJieHoqyBCTB. 100/50 e,n:. 8 6.3-12.5

HOfA 1 CHIIMOK TA3A- AP. OoJIO)I(CHJie- Jie)l(a Ha cmme.

'3bMI1TC ITJTCHKY HC06XO)J,l1MOH 4YBCTBI1TCJlhHOCTI1.

l.PaCITOJIO'/I{JlTC rraiJ,HCHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha p11CYHKC. 2.ECJII1 rraiJ,HCHT HC TpaBMIIpOBaH, ITOBCpHIITC CIO CTOilhi, 60JibWI1Ml1 IlaJih!IaMI1 BHyTpb. 3.lJ,eHTp- 4 CM Ha)], Cl1Mcj)l130M. 4.C)J,eJTai1Te CHI1MOK. l1HCTPYKI!JUI )J,Jl5I )J,CTCH CM. rnasy 25

cceTa c ycHJTHBaiOmiiM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e)],.

3Mep KaCCCTbl.

-43 CM( 14-17 )J,IOHMOB)

103HaY.hTC JTeByiO 11JTII rrpaByiO CTOpOHy.

(HOr A).

1a'ICHI1C Bbl-

MAC

;:p)I(Kl1. 70 KB CHHC'IYBCTB. 200 e)],. 100 40-200 3eJTCHO'IYBCTB. 400 C)],. 50 20-100

pe)J,Hee

IKana

HOrA2 TA30liE,U:PEHHbiH CYCTAB- AP. IIono)l(eHHe- Jie)l(a Ha crrHHe. Bo3hMHTe IIJieHKY Heo6xo,n;HMoii qyacTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiO~HM 3KpaHoM 200/400 e,n;. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 24-30 CM(10-12 ,li;IOHMOB) 18-24 CM(8-10 ,li;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH rrpaByiO CTOpOHy. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep)I(KH. 70KB Cpe,n;Hee IllKana MAc CHHeqyacTB. 200 e,n;. 125 63-250 MAc 3eneHoqyacTB. 400 e,n;. 63 32-125

1.PaCIIOJI0)1(HTe rrau;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHc: 2.ECJIH rrau;HeHT rpaBMHpOBaH, He IIOBOpaqHaaif~ ero CTOIIbi 60JibillHMH rranbu;aMH BHYTPb. 3.YCTaHOBHTe u;eHrp. 4.C,n;eJiaifTe CHHMOK.

HOfA3 TA30J>E)l,PEHHbiH CYCTAB. CmrMOK 6oKOM. Tiono:tKemre - ne:tKa. l.PaCITOJIO:tKHTe rrau,HeHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha pncyHKe. 2.TiosepHnTe Hory rrau,HeHTa TaKHM o6pa3oM, Y.T06bi OHa ITJIOTHO rrpHJierana K CTOJiy. TaKoe rrono:tKeHHe rrpHMeH51IOT, ecnH HeT rro,[{03peHH51 Ha rrepenoM. 3.YCTaHOBI1Te U,eHTp. 4.C,[{CJiai:J:Te CHI1MOK.

03hMHTe ITJieHKY He06XO,[{I1MOH Y.YBCTBHTeJihHOCTH.

acceTa c ycHJIHBaiOIIJ,HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,[{.

l3Mep KacceThi. t- 3 0 CM (I 0-12 ,[{IOHMOB) 6o3HaY.hTe nesym HJIH rrpasy10 cTopoHy.

~HaY.emre

Bhi-

MAc CHHeY.yscTB. 200 e,[{. 125 63-250

MAC 3eneHOY.YBCTB. 400 e,[{. 63 32-125

~ep:tKKH.

70 KB

=pe,[{Hee liKana

HOrA4 TA306E,II;PEHHhiH CYCTAB. 063opHbiii CHHMOK 6oKoM. llpH rro,n;03peHHH Ha rrepeJIOM. Bo3hMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOii qyscTBHTeJihHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiO:rn;HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,n; Pa3Mep KacceThi. 24-30 CM(10-12 ,D;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH rrpasy10 CTOpoHy.

l.PaCIIOJIO)I(HTe rrau;HeHTa.3TO He CTaH,n;apTHb CHHMOK meifKH 6e,n;pa 60KOM. 2.llOJIO)I(eHHe rrau;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 3 .PaCIIOJIO)I(HTe peHTreHOBCKYIO Tpy6Ky 110,11; ) JIOM 25°, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 4.YcTaHOBHTe u;eHTp. 5.C,n;eJiaiiTe CHHMOK.

3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep)I(KH. 80KB Cpe,n;Hee lliKana

MAC

MAc 3eJieHOqyBCTB. 400/450 e,n;. 80 50-160

CHHeqyscTB. 200 160 100-250

HOfA5 TA30EE)l,PEHHhiM CYCT AB. CmiMOK 6oKOM. IIpii rro,IJ,o3peHIIII Ha rrepenoM. 03hMIITe IIJieHKY He06XO)J,IIMOH qyBCTBIITeJibHOCTII. acceTa C YCIIJIIIBaiOW:IIM 3KpaHOM 200/400 C)],. l.PaCIIOJIQ)KIITe naiJ,IIeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha piiCYHKe. 2.KOHCOJih KperrJieHII5I Tpy6KII II Tpy6Ka HarrpaBJieHhl IIO)J, ymOM 30°. 3 .PaCCT05IHIIe OT KaCCeThl )],0

a3Mep KacceThl.

8-43 CM(7-17 ,IJ,IOHMOB)

Tpy6KII-120 MM.

4-30 CM(l0-12 ,Il,IOHMOB) ,Il,JI51 ,IJ,eTeH

4.IIorrpciiTe rraiJ,IIeHTa rro,IJ,ep)l(aTh KacceTy. 5.CorHIITe TpaBMIIpOBaHHYIO Hory II 3aqJIIKCIIpyifTe ee, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha piiCYHKe. 6.Y CTaHOBIITe IJ,eHTp, C,IJ,eJiaHTe CHIIMOK.

1603HaqhTC JieByiO IIJIII npasyiO CTOpOHy.

3HaqeHIIe BhlKB

MAC CIIHeqyscTB. 90 KB, 200 e,IJ,. 160 100-250

MAC 3eneHoqyscTB. 80 KB, 400/450 e,IJ,. 125 80-200 .J .J .J .J .J .J

CJ,ep)I(KII.

:=pe,IJ,Hee

WKana

HOrA6 liE,II;PEHIIMI KOCTh - AP. Bo3:bMHTe rmeHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOH IJYBCTBHTeJII>HOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiO:m;HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,n;. llpH HCCJie,D;OBaHHH ,n;eTeif, KaCCeTa HaXO,D;HTCJI Ha CTOJie. Pa3Mep Kacceni. 18-43 CM(7-17 ,D;IOHMOB) 24-30 CM(l0-12 ,D;IOHMOB) ,D;JIJI ,n;eTeH 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH rrpaByiO CTOpOHy.

1.PacrrorrmKHTe rraqHeHTa. 2. TpaBMHpoBaHHDIH cycTaB, ,D;OJI)I(eH 6DITb BH,n;eH Ha CHHMKe. EcrrH rraqHeHT He TPaBMHpoBaH, rroBepHHTI ero CTOIIDI 6orri>mHMH rrarri>qaMH BHYTPI>. Be,n;peHHDIH cycTaB HJIH KorreHHDIH ,n;oJI)I(Hhi 6niTb BH,n;HMbiMH. 3. YCTaHOBHTe qeHTP, c,n;erraifTe CHHMOK.

3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep)I(KH. 70KB Cpe,n;Hee IliKarra Pe6eHoK 53 KB IliKarra

MAC CHHeiJYBCTB. 200 e,n;. 50 32-100 CHHeqyBCTB. 200 e,n;. 3.2-8

MAC

- 3eJieHoqyBCTB. 400 e,n;. 25 16-40 3erreHOIJYBCTB. 400/250 e,n;. 2.5-6.3

HOfA 7 EE)l,PEHHASI KOCTb. J1e)l{a. CmrMoK 6oKoM. 1.PacrrOJI0)1{11Te ITalllleHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha piiCYHKe. 2.I1ccne,IJ:yeMa5! Hora BbiT5!HyTa. 3.CorHIITe ;:J:pyryiO Hory rral1IIeHTa. 4.YCTaHOBIITe lleHTp. 5.C,IJ:eJiaHTe CHIIMOK.

Bo3hMIITe rrneHKY Heo6xo,IJ:IIMoi1 qyscTBIITeJihHOCTII. KacceTa c yciiJIIIBaiOlll,IIM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e,IJ:. IIpii Jiccne,IJ:osaHHH ,IJ:eTei1 KacceTa Haxo,IJ:IITC5! Ha cTone. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-43 CM(7-17 AIOHMOB) 24-30 CM(10-12 ,IJ:IOHMOB) ,IJ:JI5! ,IJ:eTeH 06o3HaYbTe nesy10 HJIII rrpasy10 cTopoHy. 3HaYeHIIe Bhl,IJ:ep)I{Kll. 70 KB Cpe;:J:Hee illKana ,[(eTII 53 KB illKana MAC CIIHeYyscTs. 200 e,IJ:. 50 32-100 CIIHeYyscTB. 200 e,IJ:. 3.2-8 MAC 3eneH04YBCTB. 400 e,IJ:. 25 16-40 3eneH04YBCTB. 400/250 e,IJ:. 2.5-6.3

HOrA8 liE,il;PEHILUI KOCTb. CHHMOK 6oKoM. Ilocne 1paBMhi. Bo3hMHTe IIJieHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOH qyscTBHTeJihHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOIIJ;HM 3KpaHOM 200/400 e.n;. IlpH HCCJie,[J;OBaHHH ,n;eTeif KaCCeTa HaXO,[J;HTCH Ha CTOJie. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 18-43 CM(7-17 ,ll;IOHMOB) 24-30 CM(l0-12 ,ll;IOHMOB) ,ll;JIH ,n;eTeif 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH npaBylO CTOpOHy. 3HaqeHHe Bhl,n;ep)I(KH. 70KB Cpe,n;Hee lliKana ,L(eTH 53 KB lliKana MAc CHHeqyscTB. 200 e.n;. 50 32-100 CHHeqyscTB. 200 e.n;. 3.2-8 MAC 3eneHoqyscTB. 400 e.n;. 25 16-40 3eJieHoqyBCTB. 400/250 e.n;. 2.5-6.3

1.PacnonmKHTe nau;HeHTa. 2.COrHHTe M ITO,[J;HHMHTe He HCCJie,n;yeMyiO HOry 3.YcTaHOBHTe u;eHT}J. KoneHHhiH cycTaB .n;omKeJ 6hiTh BH,[J;HMhlM. 4.CorHHTe H no.n;.n;ep)I(HTe .n;pyry10 Hory. 5.C,n;enaifTe CHHMOK.

HOrA9 KOJIEHO - AP. Jle)](a Ha cmme. Bo3bMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,.a:HMOi1 Y:YBCTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOIIJ;HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,.a:. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-10 AIOHMOB) 06o3HaY:bTe nesy10 HJIH rrpasyiO cTopoHy. 2.EcnH B03MO)](HO, rrosepHHTe cTorry HeMHoro BHYTPb H 3aQ)l1KCHpyi1Te ee MeiiioY:KOM C rreCKOM. 3.YcTaHOBHTe U,eHTp. 4.C,.a:enai1Te CHHMOK. ECJIH 06Hapy)](eH He60JiblllOH rrepeJIOM, spaY: MO)](eT Ha3HaY:HTb ,IJ:OIIOJIHHTeJlbHbiH 0630pHbiH CHHMOK (no,.a: ymoM 45°). 3HaY:eHHe Bbl,.a:ep)](KH. 53 KB Cpe,.a:Hee ll1Kana MAc CHHeLJyscTB. 50 e,.a:. 50 25-80 MAC 3eJieHOY:YBCTB. 100/63 e,.a:. 40 20-63 l.PaCIIOJIO)](IlTe rrau,HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. KacceTa Haxo,.a:HTC5! Ha cTone.

HOrA 10 KOJIEHO. CHHMOK 6oKOM. Ilocne 1paBMhi. Bo3bMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,D;HMOH qyscTBHTenbHOCTH. KacceTa c ycnnnsaiOID;HM 3KpaHoM 50/100 e,D;. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-1 0 ,ll;IOHMOB) 06o3HaqbTe nesyro nnn rrpasyro cTopoffY. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,D;ep)I(KH. 53 KB Cpe,D;Hee IliKana MAc CnHeqyscTB. 50 e,D;. 50 25-80 MAc 3eneHOqyBCTB. 100/63 e,D;. 40 20-63 rrau;neHTa, KaK rroKa3aHo Ha pncyHKe. 2.llccne;zyeMYIO Hory cnerKa corHHTe B KoneHe . .l(pyrrur Hora corHYTa B KoneHe qyTh 6onhme H ne)I(HT Ha CTOne. 3.YCTaHOBHTe n;eH1p. 4.C,D;enaifre CHHMOK. 1.Pacrrono:>~mTe

HOfA 11 KOJIEHO. CHI1MOK 6oKOM. Jle)J{a Ha cm1He. Tiocne TpaBMhi. Bo3hMHTe rrneHKY Heo6xo,IJ,HMOH qyscTBHTCJlhHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJlHBaiOIIIHM 1KpaHoM 50/100 e,IJ,. Pa3Mep KacceThi. 18-24 CM(8-10 ,IJ,IOHMOB) 0603Ha'-lbTe JlCBYIO HJlH rrpaByiO CTOpoHy. l.PaCIIOJlO)J{HTe naiJ,HCHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.KacceTa <iJHKCHpyeTC5! C ThiJlhHOH CTOpOHhl HOrH IIO,IJ,YIIIKOif. 3.CorHHTe H IIO)J,HHMHTe 3,IJ,OpOBYIO HOry, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 4.YCTaHOBHTe IJ,CHTp. 5.C,IJ,eJlaHTe CHHMOK. 3Ha'-ICHHC Bbl,IJ,Cp)J{KH. 53 KB Cpe,IJ,Hee lllKana CHHC'-IYBCTB. 50 e,IJ,. 50 25-80 3eneHO'-IYBCTB. 100/63 e,IJ,. 40 20-63 MAC MAc

HOrA 12 KOJIEHHhiH CYCTAB. BHyT}JeHHSHI rroaepxHOCTb. lloJio)l(eHHe - Jie)l(a Ha crrHHe. Jlyq HarrpaaJieH rro,n; ymoM 30°. Bo3hMHTe rrJieHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOH qyacTBHTeJihHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiDrn;HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,n;. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-10 ,li;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiD HJIH rrpaByiD CTOpOHy. 3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep)I(KH. 53 KB Cpe,n;Hee lllKana MAC CHHeqyacTB. 50 40 20-63 MAC 3eJieHoqyacTB. 100/63 e,n;. 32 16-50 1.PacrroJIO)I(HTe rranHeHTa. lloJIO)I(HTe KacceTy Ha TBep,n;yro rro,n;,n;ep)I(HBarorn;yro rro,n;yiiiKY BbiCOTOH 12-15 CM. 2.YCTaHOBHTe neHT}J. 3.C,n;eJiaif:Te CHHMOK.

HOfA 13

Bo3hMHTe rrneHKY Heo6XOJJ:l1MOH qyscTBHTeJihHOCTM. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOlli,HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e):(. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-1 0 AIOHMOB) 0603Ha%Te JieByiO HJIH rrpasy10 CTOpoHy. 3Ha'feHHe BhlAep)KKH. 53 KB CpeAHee illKana MAc CHHe'fyBCTB. 50 32 16-50 MAC

1.PacrronmKHTe rrau:HeHTa, KaK rroKa3aHo Ha p11CYHKC. flOJIO)KJ1Te KaCCeTy Ha llO):(CTaBKY Bb!COTOH 25 CM. 2.Y CTaHOBHTe [(eHTp. 3. C):(enailTe CHMMOK.

3eneHOlfYBCTB. 100/63 eJJ:. 25 12.5-40

HOfA 14 rOJIEHb - AP. llOJIO)I(eHHe Bo3bMHTe IIJieHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOH qyscTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOIIJ;HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e.n;. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-43 CM(7 -17 ,D;IOHMOB) 35-43 CM(14-17 ,D;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiD HJIH rrpaByiD CTOpOHy. Jie)l(a Ha CIIHHe. 1.PaCIIOJI0)1(HTe rran;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.ECJIH B03MO)I(H0, IIOBepHHTe CTOrry HeMHOrO BHYTpb H 3a<PHKCHpyiiTe ee. 3.YcTaHOBHTe u;eHTp. Xont: 6bi O)J;HH cycTaB ,n;OJI)I(eH 6hiTb BH)J;HMbiM. BH,n;HMbiM ,n;OJI)I(eH 6biTb cycTaB, KOTOpbiH 6JIH)I(e K IIOBpe)l(,lJ;eHHOH qacTH KOCTH. EcJIH ecTb rroBH3Ka, yseJIHqbTe Bbi,n;ep)I(Ky. 4.C,n;eJiaHTe CHHMOK. 3HaqeHHe Bbl.n;ep)I(KH. 53 KB BKJiroqag KOJieHo BKJiroqag JIO,D;bi)I(KY CHHeqyscTB. 50 40 25 3eJieHoqyBCTB. 100/63 e.n;. 32 20 MAC MAc

HOfA 15 roJIEHh. CmiMOK 60KOM. ITonO)l(eHIIe ne)l(a. ITpii IlO,Il;03peHIIII Ha rrepenoM. 303hMIITe rrneHKY He06XO,IJ:IIMOH Y.YBCTBIITeiThHOCTII. {acceTa c yciinHBaiOll(IIM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,n:. 2.I1ccne,n:yeMa5! Hora Y.YTh corHyTa B KoneHe. )a3Mep KacceThi. l8-4 3 CM(7 -1 7 ,IJ:IOHMOB) )5-43 CM(14-17 ,IJ:IOHMOB) )6o3HaY.hTe nesyiO IIJJH npasyro cTopoHy. ~pyra5! Hora corHyTa B KoneHe II ne)l(IIT Ha

l.Pacnono)l(IITe rrauiieHTa, KaK noKa3aHo Ha piicyHKe. KacceTa Haxo,n:IITC5! Ha CTone.

cTone. 3.YcTaHOBIITe ueHTp. Xonr 6hi o,n:HH cycTaB ,n:on)l(eH 6biTb BII,n:eH. Ecnii ecTh ITOB}J3Ka yseniiY.hTe Bhi,n:ep)l(Ky. 4.C,n:enai1Te CHIIMOK.

3HaY.eHIIe Bbl,n:ep)l(KII. 53 KB BKniOYa}J KoneHo BKniOYa}J no,n:bi)l(KY

MAC (cpe,n:Hee) CHHeYyscTB. 50 e,n:. 40 25

MAC (cpe,n:Hee) 3eneHOY.YBCTB. 100/63 e,n:. 32 20

HOrA 16 rOJIEHb. CHHMOK 60KOM. Ilocne rpaBMbl. IlOJIO)I(eHHe - Jie)l(a. Bo3bMHTe rmeHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOii qyacTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiO:rn;HM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,n;. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-43 CM(7 -17 ,ll;IOHMOB) 06o3HaqbTe neay10 HJIH rrpaay10 cTOpoHy. 1.PaciiOJIO)I(HTe rran;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.EcnH B03MO)I(HO, rroaepHHTe cTorry HeMHoro BHYTIJb. EcJIH Ha HOre IIIHHa- CHHMHTe ee. CorHHTe ,n;pyry10 Hory, KaK rroKa3aHo Ha pHCYHKe. 3.YcTaHOBHTe n:eHrp. CycTaB oKoJio rpaBMbi ,n;OJI)I(eH 6I>ITb BH,ll;HMbiM. EcnH ecTb rroBH3Ka, yaenHqbTe Bbl,n;ep)I(KY. 4.C,n;enaiiTe CHHMOK.

3HaqeHHe Bbl,n;ep)I(KH. 53 KB BKJIJOqaH KOJieHo B KJIJOqaH no,n;bi)I(KY

MAC ( cpe,n;Hee) CHHeqyacTB. 50 e,n;. 40 25

MAC ( cpe,n;Hee) 3e.Ji:eHoqyacTB. 100/63 e,n;. 32 20

HOfA 17 rOJIEHOCTOIIHhiM CYCTAB- AP. 06lll,HH BH)l,. IloJIO)l{eHHe - Jie)Ka. Bo3hMHTe rrrreHKY Heo6xo)l,HMOH qyBCTBHTerrhHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiOlll,HM 3KpaHOM 501100 e)],. l.PaCIIOJIO)l{HTe rrau:HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2.)J:JI51 CHHMKa BHyTpeHHeH CTOpOHhi IIOBepHHTe CTorry BHYTPh Ha 15°. I1p11 BhiiiOJIHeHHH IIp51MOrO CHHMKa - CTOIIa HaT51HyTa BBepx. 3. Y CTaHOBHTe U:eHTp. 4.C)l,eJiaHTe CHHMOK. MAC 3erreHoqyBCTB. 100/63 e)],. 20 12.5-40

Pa3Mep KacceThi. 18-24 CM(8-10 )l,lOHMOB) 06o3HaqhTe rreByiO HJIH rrpaByiO cTopoHy. 3HaqeHHe BhiAep)l{KH. 53 KB Cpe)l,Hee lliKarra MAC CHHeqyBCTB. 50 25 16-50

HOrA 18 rOJIEHOCTOIIHbiH CTOpOHa) .. Bo3bMHTe IIJieHKY Heo6xo,n;HMOM qyacTBHTeJibHOCTH. KacceTa c ycHJIHBaiDmHM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e,n;. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-1 0 ,li;IOHMOB) 0603HaqbTe JieByiO HJIH rrpaay10 CTOpOHy. 1.PaCIIOJIO)I(HTe rran;HeHTa, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe. 2. CHHMOK 60KOM - IIOBepHHTe CTOrry B Hapy)I(HYIO CTOpoey. ,ll;IDI IIOJiyqeHIDI Hapy)I(HOM CTOpOHbl IIOBepHHTe CTOrry Ha 30°, KaK IIOKa3aHO Ha pHCYHKe (no Ha3HaqeHHIO apaqa). 3.YcTaHOBHTe n;eHrp. 4.C,n;enaiiTe CHHMOK.

CYCTAB (cHHMOK 6oKoM). rOJIEHOCTOIIHbiH

CYCTAB (Hapy)I(HIDJ:

3HaqeHHe Bbl.n;ep)I(KH. 53 KB Cpe,n;Hee lliKana

MAC CHHeqyacTB. 50 e.n;. 20/25 16-50

MAC 3eJieHOqyBCTB. 50/100 e.n;. 16/20 12.5-40

HOfA 19 CTOIIA- AP 11

nAJihll,hl CTOIIhl- AP.

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3Ha'-leHH51 MAc. 4.C,ll,eJiaHTe CHHMOK.

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HOrA 21 CTOIIA - P A. ITorro)I{CHIIC - JIC)I(a Ha )I{IIBOTC. Bo3bMHTC rrrrcHKY Hco6xo)J,IIMOH qyscTBHTCJlbHOCTII. KacccTa c yciiJIIIBaJOili,IIM 3KpaHOM 501100 C)],. 2.Y CTaHOBIITC ll,CHTp. Pa3Mep KacceTbi. 18-24 CM(8-1 0 )J,JOHMOB) 24-30 CM(l0-12 )J,JOHMOB) 06o3HaqhTe rresyJO IInH rrpasyfO cTopoHy. 3HaqeHIIC Bbl)J,Cp)I{KII. 46 KB Cpc)J,Hee lliKarra MAC CIIHeqyscTB. 50 C)],. 25 20-64 MAc 3erreHoqyscTB. 100/50 C)],. 25 20-64 3.C)J,eJiaHTC CHIIMOK. 1.PaCITOJ10)1(liTC rraiJ,IICHTa, KaK ITOKa3aHO Ha piiCYHKc. KacccTa Haxo)J,IITC51 Ha cTorre.

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Jlyy: HanpaBJieH TIO)l; yrJIOM 30°. l.PacnOJIO)I(IITe naiiiieHTa, KaK TIOKa3aHO Ha piiCYHKe. KacceTa Haxo)l;IITC51 Ha cTone . 2.CTOna TIO)l;T51HyTa K Bepxy npii TIOMOIIIII umypa. 3.YCTaHOBIITe I!eHTp. 4.ECJIII naiiiieHT TpaBMIIpOBaH, IICTIOJih3YHTe .D:pyryiO no3III!IIIO (HOr A 24). 5.C)l;eJiaHTe CHIIMOK. MAC 3eneHOY:YBCTB. 100/63 e)];. 20 12.5-32

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.CCeTa C yciiJIIIBaiOIIIliM 3KpaHOM 50/100 e)];.

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104

The -wHO manual

of diagnostic imaging '

Radiographic Technique and Projections Editors Harald Ostensen M.D. Holger Pettersson M.D.

Author Staffan Sandstrom M.D.

In collaboration with K. Akerman R.T., T. Chakera M.D., P. Corr M.D., K. Eklund R.T., L. Frostgard R.T., C. Fyledai-Kastberg R.T., R. Garcia Monaco M.D., R. Gunther M.D., T. Holm M.D., V. Jackson M. D., M. Joshi M.D., P. Palmer M.D., M. Watnick M.D>

Published by the World Health Organization in collaboratio{l with the International Society of Radiology

Informations clés

Organisation Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS)

Type de document Publications

Date d'adoption 31 décembre 2003

Source Organisation mondiale de la santé