Socioeconomic development in areas freed from onchocerciasis in the Ivory Cost

Onchocerciasis Control Programme in the Volta River Basin area Programme de Lutte contre I'Onchocercose dans la Rdgion du Bassin de la Volta JOINT PROGRAMME COMMI'TTEE Office of the Chairman JOINI PROGRA}IME COMMITTEE Fourth session PariS 12-15 December 1983 Provisional Agenda iten 9 MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND FINANCE INVESTMENT DEPARTI',IENT JPC.CCP COMITE CONJOINT DU PROCRAMMEBureau du Pr6sident JPC4.4A ORIGINAL: FRENCH October 1983 I. II. III. REPUBLIC OF IVORY COAST SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPI,IENT IN AREAS FREED FROM ONCHOCERCIASIS IN ITIE IVORY COAST CONTENTS Introduction . .. .. . Basic data . Development. of the Onchocerciasis Prograrmne Area Section I: Agricultural and rural development situation in the Onchocerciasis Prograune Area in the Ivory Coast l. Rural development policy General situation regarding development activities . Ttre sugar prograflIme 3.1 The sugar programne and onchocerciasis .... 3.2 Ihe effects produced by the sugar Programne 4. Itre rnarket garden progratune . . . . 4.1 Fruit-growing projects ..... 4.2 Fruit and vegetable progranmes and onchocerciasis . .. 5. The soya programne The manioc prograflIme The rice programme Ihe inland coconut programne the coffee and cocoa Ihe coffee prograllEne ..... The cocoa progra[me SATI{ACI activit.ies and onchocerciasis in the forest zone 10. The cotton prograrme Page 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 10 10 10 6 7 8 9 i i r, 9.1 9.2 9.3 10.1 Integrated Prograrmes in the savanna zone . JPC4.4A page 2 IV. Conclusions 2. Human water supplies 3. Hydroelectric power Page 11. Motorization and mechanization prograflEles ... L2. CIDT activities and onchocerciasis in the savanna agriculturaL area Section II: Development of stock-raising and fishing ... 1. Development of stock-raising 2. Continental fishing and fish-farming projects Section III: Infrastructure in public health, human water supply and energy sector s 1. Efforts in the public health sector 11 11 11 11 t7 v 18 18 L9 20 2L 22Annexes t t I JPC4.44 page 3 SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMEM IN AREAS IN IVORY COAST FREED FROM ONCHOCERCIASIS I. INTRODUCTION Before examining the economic and social achievements made in the onchocerciasis control area, it is useful to recall the major objectives set for the five-year period 1981-1985. The general aim of the development stratery is the transition from a growth economy whose bases have yet to be consolidated to an individual and collective Promotion society The three objectives reflecting this general aim are: - pursuit of rapid growth; - increased participation of Ivory Coast nationals in economic activities; and - individual and collective promotion of Ivory Coast nationals and action to meet their aspirations. The major permanent approaches chosen for achieving the major objectives are: - maintenance of a Liberal option; - maintenance of an outward-looking economy; - pursuit of a better balanced development of the national territory as a whole; - developmenE of regional cooperation with neighbouring countries. These options have been supplemented by four major approaches to finding ways and means of making good the main deficiencies and overcoming the major probl-ems. These approaches are: priority for modernization of agriculture; steps to increase the dynamism of action in the economic field; promotion and modernization of cottage industry and traditional activities; optimum use of national human resources. Lastly, these approaches place stress on: assistance to the rural population; education in the service of development. The various achievements in the onchocerciasis control prograflrrne area come within the aforementioned overall objectives but should be seen particularly in the context of the option for the pursuit of a better balanced development of the national territory as a whole. Apart from the general economic approaches to which reference has just been made, this rePort will comprise, in section I, physical and human data which characterize the national background, and, in section II, informati.on on the development of the onchocerciasis area subdivided into three sections. JPC4. 4A Page 4 The first section concerns the agricultural and rural development situation; the second, developrnent of stock-raising and fishing; and the third, infrastructural and equipment efforts in the public health, human water supply and energy sectors. A series of maps appended to the present documenE is designed to give a more concrete, globaI and regional view of the sectors recognized as the most significant indicators of the country' s development. II. BASIC DATA The onchocerciasis areas in the Ivory Coast cover a total of approximately 270 OOO km2 and extend from theGhanaianborder to the Guinea border and along the tributary basins of the Black Volta, the Como6, the Bandama and the Sassandra. The areas are bounded on the north by Mali and Upper Volta and on the south by the edge of the dense rain-forest area. The area concerned represents five-sixths of the total area of the territory. The onchocerciasis zones are to be found in granitic areas covered by alternate strata of schist and basic green rock. These strata of green rock correspond to the alignment of the country's hi11y areas. The main watercourses are comprised of schistic strata and represent the area of weakest resistance. The areas concerned are watered by the four great rivers referred to above, which cross the territory from north to south. The Bandama is the only river whose basin is situated entirely in Ivory Coast. Vegetation is distributed according to two types of landscape: a forest landscape, corresponding to the southern part of the onchocerciasis areas, and a savanna landscape, covering the entire northern part. Each Eype is in turn subdivided into major sectors: the mesophile and savanna sector of l-ower Ivory Coast, the intermediate or pre-forest sector and the savanna and forest-clearing sectors. The onchocerciasis areas cover approximateLy 4.5 million rural inhabitants out of the total of eight million inhabitants of Ivory Coast. The sector of the population engaged entirely in agricultural activities is distributed among some 7 OOO villages in sone 8OO rural districts. The vast hydro-agricultural potential promotes the comxercial cultivation of coffee, cocoa, cotton, tobacco and all the various food crops: millet, sorghum, maize, yams, rice, bananas and manioc. Stock-breeding in the onchocerciasis areas is progressing as a result of the Soci6t6 pour le d6ve loooement de 1a tion animale. The livestock c pigs and sheep. Fishing is aLso being developed around the large dam reservoirs. III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONCHOCERCIASIS PROGRAMME AREA Asricultural and rural development situation in the onchocerciasis sramme area the efforts of omprises cattle, Section I: of lrs_El__q_9e-9! 1. Rural devel oDment policy In L977, a thorough rural development policy reform took place, together with a reform in the structure of activities. JPC4.4A Page 5 The emphasis in development activities is now p1-aced on a coordinated and coherent set of activities, covering: rural animation; agricultural support services; provision of means of Production; distribution of credit; marketing through the formation of Pre-cooPerative ErouPs; agronomic research; establishnent or improvement of road networks; village \rater suPplies. An initial integrated development project was undertaken in 1980 in the north-east savannas (Bouna and Bondoukou Departments). Two other Projects of the same tyPe began in 1981 and 1982 respectively in the west-central area (Daloa and Gagnoa Departments) and in the north-north-western re gion. The following reforms of developtrEnt institutions took pl-ace: - SODERIZ, which specialized in rice growing and processing, was closed down, paddy processi,ng activities were privatized in 1982. and - CIDT resumed responsibility for all developrEnt activities in the savanna regions except for fruit and vegetable cultivation, and is leading the regional developnrent Projects of concern to these areas (in the north-east and north-north-west). - SATMACI assumed responsibility for development of the forest area outside the coastal departments and is leading the integrated develoPment Project in the west-central area' - SODEPALM, which relinquished responsibility for industrial plantations and processing activities with the establishrnent of PALMINDUSTRIE, has become responsible for the lower coastal area. With respect to the design, surveillance and control of development activities, note shoul-d be taken of : the establishuent of a nr:mber of new departments in the Ministry of Agriculture in 1981- - the Department of Studies and Planning planification (DEP) ), - the Direction de la mutualit6 et de 1a coop6ration (DMC), irection tudes et de - the ction de aIIErat a bud 6tisa et du contr d sestion (DPBCG), - the Direct de 1'action ionale (DAR). - the establishment, in 1-981, of a State agricultural- secretariat, with particular responsibil-ity for food crop promotion, - the existence, in the Ministry of Economics and Finance, of an investment departrEnt bringing together the triennial public investment and budget progrannning of activities. I JPC4.4A Page 6 2. General situation regarding development activities With respect to integrated development activities, it should be noted that there has been a substantial increase in the number of planters trained by CIDT. In the forest area, activities for the modernization of coffee, cocoa, palm oil and coconut cultivation are being continued. Because of the rssrrmption of rice-growing promotion activities by the development societies, there has been a temporary slow-down in Ehe pace of development of rice-growing activities. Future efforts will be focused mainly on promotion of rain-fed cultivation and on Low-investment rice-growing in marshland. The difficulties encountered in market gardening in the large irrigated cul-Eivation complexes have Ied to a restriction in the nuriber of projects planned, pending a better definition of management techniques and nethods. In the stock-breedi and a special dffort is n8 se to be ctor, the modernization progrannre is being carried out as planned made in raising smal1 ruminants. Lastly, the Sugar Plan is being carried out in accordance with the prograrrne. 3. The sugar Prograflme In 1971-1972, the Ivory Coast Governrnent began the construction of the Ferkess5dougou 1 complex, covering an irrigated area of 5 OOO ha, wiEh a production capacity of 5O OOO tonnes of refined sugar. The Sugar Plan, launched in 1974, provides for the creation of t2 complexes, of an average unit capacity similar to that of Ferk6 I-. In L977-L978, the Sugar Plan was reduced to the construction of five complexes, in addition to Ferk6 1 (Ferk6 2, Borotou, S6r6bou, Katiola and Zuenoula), and the overall production objective was reduced to 28O OOO tonnes. SODESUCRE, which was established in 1971, is responsible for implenentation of the sugar ProSrarrme. Production in 1983 will probably amount to 18O OOO tonnes of sugar. Investments for L976-L982 amount to 224 billion CFA francs (current value), of which 17O billion have been financed by loans. 3. 1 The susar progranue and :erc ]-as1s Being siEuated along major rratercourses, most conplexes are in areas moderately or heavily infested with onchocerciasis. The inter-State control programne has been beneficial for the savanna region considering that the Sugar Plan will provide a direct or indirect livelihood for a semi-urban population of sone 25o OOo. Localized control programmes would undoubtedly have been useful, but they would not have given the same security against reinfestation and would not have permitted such a widespread regional redistribution of the effects of the Sugar P1an. JPC4.4A Page 7 3.2 The effects Dro duced by the s Droqrantrne In 19g3, SODESUCRE employs 12 5OO persons, excluding temPorary workers employed particularly at harvest time. The training requirements resulting from this mass job creatlon have been estimated as affecting 5 600 Persons. Total wages for the jobs created on the sugar complexes amount to 11 billion CFA francs in 1983. The vast supply of jobs on the complexes, and related job creation checks the drift of population from the rural areas. The toqrns in the vicinity of the sugar-growing areas, such as Ferkess6dougou, have made a significant leap forvard. In the case of the more isolated complexes, such as Borotou, S6r6bou and Zuenoula, veritable new towns are being created. Over and above their production function as such, the sugar complexes play an important environmental- role throrgh such activities as: establishuent of social and administrative infrastructures; developnent of village sugar-cane cultivation; developuent of food croPs; use of sugar by-products, such as molasses and vegetable waste for animal fattening; creation of a large number of temporary jobs at harvest Eime. 4. The market garden progranune Following the creation of the initial mechanized and irrigated market gardening areas at N'Zi Bandama (10 ha), Rubino (17 ha), N'Dakro (1.3 ha) and Ferkess6dougou (9O ha), the market garden plan, which was l-aunched in L974-1975, was linked to tlro objectives: supplying the national market and reducing disparities by the promotion of a modern and organized farming connnunity in the savanna region. SODEFEL used the funds available to make investments in the vegetable sector, on the one hand in a number of urban areas (p.ti*at."" ".U.i"" (PPU)), and, on the other' in severalmajor market garden zones. Two areas are at present in production: the market garden zone of Marabadiassa and the Sinematiali agro-industrial area. The Marabadiassa market eardenine zone mai.n ly produces the following vegetables: The zone, with a cultivable area of 3OO haaubergine n'dowa, cabbages, carrots and tomato. is cultivated by 600 rural families having an annual net income of sone 4OO OOO CFA francs. Investments amounted to 2.3 billion CFA francs, of which 1.3 bilLion were financed by a loan from CCCE. The operation of the Programne is proceeding according to Plan. The Sinematial-i a o-industrial area i s largely designed to provide for a tomato canning industry, which, in l-983, is producing 2 OOO tonnes of concentrate from 10 OOO tonnes of fresh tomatoes. Various other vegetables and food crops will be gror^ln in rotation with tomatoes. The cannery has also produced mango preserves for export (1 OOO tonnes in L982). In 1983, the complex includes 600 market gardening families and approximately 2OO industrial workers and support personnel. The income produced by the market gardeners is estimated at 2OO million CFA francs. Investments amounted to 5.6 billion CFA francs (current value), of which 3 billion was in the form of 1oans from French banks. JPC4.4A page 8 Studies have been or are to be made on new agro-industrial vegetable-growing areas lrlith respect to vegetable-growing areas for the supply of fresh produce, it is thought that sma11 units covering one or more village entities would be less costly in invesLment and could be taken over more rapidly by the people concerned than larger units. Two or three such enterprises are planned for the central region in L983/L984. 4,1 Fruit-growing proiects With a view to diversifying activities in the central region, an area of 1 OOO ha at the Ti6bissou leve1 in the Kan Valley has been established under State supervision with a view to developing the necessary techniques for producing pineapples and avocados for export via the Yamoussoukro international airport. The project provides for cultivation of vegetable crops in between the avocado trees. The cost of the project is estimated at 3.5 billion CFA francs. Financing is provided with assistance from private banks. SODEFEL also takes periodic action with pineapple producers (particularly in the eastern Como6 area) and with sma1l banana planters in the forest area. 4.2 Fruit and vegetable programrnes and onchocerciasis SODEFEL was established in l-968 to promote fruit and vegetabl-e grorrring. While its impact and achievements in the fruit sector are modest, this is far from the case in the market gardening sector. This sector developed considerabl-y during the latest p1an, particularly in the savanna area and - in view of the ruater requirements of vegetable crops - a1-ong the watercourses. The onchocerciasis control programme benefits these market gardening areas, in which 1 2OO market gardening families are concerned. 5. The soya progranme The objective of this prograture is initially to satisfy domestic needs, particularly in cattle feed, but also in time to supply the food industry and then the export trade. The first phase of the project is in course of implementation, with the establishment of six 2 OO0 ha seed farms at various points in the savanna region: Odienn6, Touba, Sirasso (south-west of Korhogo), Vavoua, Bouafl6 and Bondoukou. These farms will make it possible at a later stage to launch a village programne, which is not, however, expected to begin on a large scale before 1984. 6. The manioc prograrme With a view to obtaining additional income for growers in the central region, the GoverntrEnt has launched an experimental project for the development of intensive mechanized cultivation of manioc at Toumodi. Industrial manioc processing trials and the development of manioc cream production are also aimed at supplying urban markets. The project is being impl-emented by SODEPALM. The annual plantation target area has been brought down from 1 OOO to 600 ha for the industrial centre. The prospects for manioc processing into fl-our, starch, etc. are being assessed by the experimental treatrent of approximately 6 OOO tonnes of fresh manioc annual-1-y. The use of such nechanized cul-tivation in village areas is limited to aPProximately 1OO ha per annum, among sone 50 planters, and final arrangements yet to be made with regard to cul-tivation techniques. The revised project is expected to come into smooth operation during Ehe current year' at a total cost, engirely under State responsibility, of approximately 2 billion CFA francs(current value), including a CCCE loan of 1 O52 billion CFA francs. JPC4 .4A page 9 l. The rice prograrrne The forest area represents approximately 70% of the rice-growing area and 75% of Ivory Coast production. It may be estimated that half the rice-growing operations in the forest area and a1t such operations in the savanna area come wiEhin the onchocerciasis sector of Ivory Coast. This means that, of a total production of 4OO OOO tonnes of paddy in 1982' 250 OOO tonnes care from the area threatened by onchocerciasis. When SODERIZ was dissolved it L977, all the development programes under its control were shared between SODEPALM (the southern forest zone), SATMACI (the central forest zone) and CIDT (the savanna zone). At the sarp tinp, the collection and processing of paddy was taken over by the privaEe sector in 1982. The areas receiving support in 1982 were approximately 25 OOO ha under irrigated rice cul-tivation and 80 OOO ha under rain-fed rice cultivation. Renewed rice cul-tivation is envisaged in order to slow dor^rn the very rapid development of imports. Emphasis wl11 be placed on rain-fed cultivation, on preparing sma11 marshland areas for cultivation at little investnent cost and, above all, on improving the organization of collecting and marketing, which is an indispensable condition for guaranteeing production prices 8. The inland coconut aII[Ile This project began in 1978 and was executed by SODEPALM, which was resPonsible, in particul_ar, for supporting village palm and coconut plantations. The demand for planters and the promising results of coconut growing in richer areas than the sandy coastal strips are favourable aspects of the project. In 1982, 2 3OO ha of coconut palm were planted in village areas in the intermediate forest zone affected by onchocerciasis. 9. The coffee and cocoa programnes The producEion areas covered by the onchocerciasis control project may be taken Eo be - one-third for coffee; and - slightly less than half for cocoa 9.L The coffee prograsme Coffee takes a prominent place in the country's agriculture and economy. It is the predominant crop in the forest zone, where it covers an area of 1 350 OOO ha. This product takes first place among the major exports, accounting for about 25% of their total value. Production in l-982 amounted to 37O OOO tonnes. Operations recormpnded under the 1976-L980 plan were in t\.lo sectors: variefal reconversion and strucEural- reconversion. Varietal reconversion consists of distributing selected robust coffee plants to Planters receiving a sma1l amount of support in order to do away with non-selected plantings by 1980. It is likeIy, however, that very few of the planters in t:ne 25 OOO to 30 OOO ha of traditional plantations outside the progranue, establ-ished in l-980 with no State assistance, have used improved strains. JPC4.4A Page 10 Structural reconversi.on has nEt with varying degrees of success depending on the operations carried out. The plan recorrrended the intensive or semi-intensive planting of 83 OOO ha of selected coffee plants betrileen 1967 and 1980. By the end of 1980, approximatel-y 47 ha, or 60% of the target area, had been covered. Some success was achieved in the cooperative organization of pLanters, the GVCs representi-ng 20% of the total harvest. The real modernization activities in this sector began only in Lg79/Lg8O, with the establishrent of 14 cherry processing factories and the launching of an orchard reclanation project. This projecE provides for the payment to planters of a subsidy of 60 OOO CFA francs per hectare (including 20 OOO CFA francs for equipuent and products) for the cutting back, over a seven-year period, of approximately 1OO OOO ha of plants from 10 to 15 years old. The total cost is estimated at l-O billion CFA francs (current value), including over 6 billion CFA francs in subsldies. An experinental progra[Ele on a new variety of coffee is in progress at Soubr6. An Arabusta Study and Development Centre, 5OO ha of plantations and a factory have been established to enable processing tests to be carried out on the new variety. The cost of the operation in 1982 was 2 billion CFA francs (current value), for which the State was entirely responsible. During the 1976-198O planning period, the financing of coffee prograrnrcs cost the State over 10 billion CFA francs (current value). Three-quarters of the initlel objectives have been achieved. 9.2 The cocoa progranrme Cocoa, which is often associated with coffee in forest areas cultivated by the rural popul-ation, has been planted over some 1 OOO OOO ha since 1978. The Ivory Coast took first place among world producers in 1982, with a production of 42O OOO tons. The areas planted with improved strains (hybrids) have shown Bpectacul-ar developroent: 10 OOO ha per annum in L97L-1975, 24 OOO ha per annum under the 1976-1980 plan and 10 OOO ha per annum in 198O-1985. The rate of spontaneous viLlage planting has correspondlngly diminished, from 18 OOO-20 OOO ha per annum over the period L97L-L975, to 5 000-6 OOO ha per annum ln 1976-198O The objectives of the L976-1980 plan were primerily to improve the productivity of plantations and the quality of cacao and to restructure the cacao plantation policy. On the latter point, it should be noted that individual plantations still play too l-arge a Part: 20 OOO ha of individual plots, or one-fifth of the area of plantations created under SATMACI, were established during the period 1976-1980, thus reducing the impact of cooperative groups by 20% of the harvest. In order to improve the distribution of early and productive hybrid cacao plants, a project for the establishment of three cacao seed-growing fields, each of 55 ha, was launched in L976. This project, which was compLeted in 1982, cost the State approximately 8OO million CFA francs, with the help of a CCCE loan of 4OO million CFA francs (current value). Action to restore the productivity of plantations through the systematic developurent of phytosanitary treatment is a constant objective of SATI.,IACI. A number of activities were begun during the last plan. A large-scale progranrre for the treatuent of 600 OOO ha by 1985 has been in operation since 1980. The total cost is estirnated at 22 billion CFA francs(current value), half of which is borne by the State and half by the farmlng population. Lastly, the project for improving the quality of cacao produced has met with some success in village areas, with the distribution of plastic bins and tubs used simply for the fermentation and drying of the harvested beans. The project, which was launched in 1979, will he completed in 1983, at a cost of 3.8 bilLion CFA francs (current value) over four years, 1 .6 billion being borne by the farming connnunity and 2.2 billion by the State. JPC4 .4A page 11 Over the planning period 1976-1980, the total cost of the cacao plantation policy was approximately 25 billion CFA francs (current value), including 3 billion in foreign loans(from IBRD, EDF and CCCE) and 4.5 billion for cacao subsidies, distributed at the rate of 60 OOO CFA francs per hectare planted in good condition. 9.3 SATI'IACI activitie s and onchocerciasis in the forest zone In the forest zone, there are 445 fami1-y cultivation units, distributed as follows: With coffee as the only cash crop 15O OOO With cacao as the only cash crop 25 OOO lt7ith coffee and cacao together 2OO OOO With crops other than coffee or cacao 70 O00 SATMACI is the regional development society responsible for all the agricultural activities in the intermediate forest zone; in this capacity, it is responsible for the development of coffee and cacao production throughout the territory, in which 375 OOO cultivation units are concerned, and also for the development of projects within an integrated rural development approach. Lastly, coffee and cacao cultivation has led to the devel-oPment of treatment industries, including l-4 coffee de-husking units and processing industries for bulk cacao' cocoa butter, chocolates, biscuits, etc. LO. The cotton programne The objective of the 1976-1980 pl-an was the cultivation of 95 OOO tons of cotton seed, including 30 OOO tons produced by animal traction or semi-mechanized cultivation. The programne was designed to meet the production objectives in the cotton sector while Eilting the balance of incomes in favour of the savanna areas. It was essentially the increased subsidies and increased prices paid to producers, rather than action on production structures, that made it possible to exceed the objectives established for cotton: in 1982, 12O OOO ha or 120 OOO tons of cotton seed, were harvested. This remarkable progress with respect to cotton in the savanna region was encouraged by a very costly production price support policy and by subsidies paid to 90 OOO-1OO 000 cotton planters. 10.1 Integrated programnes in the savanna zone The activities carried out were fornerLy of a sectoral nature but they have developed toqrards the broader objective of farm modernization in the savanna area. A rural development project in the cotton-growing areas, launched in 1975, provides for the development of cotton cultivation (from 57 OOO to 80 OOO ha) by CIDT over a five-year period, rotated food crop cultivation (from 9 OOO to 71 OOO ha), clearance of 38 OOO ha for animal traction cultivation, establishment of two 38 OOO ha clearance centres for animal traction cultivation, establishment of tloo oxen training centres, establishment of a maize seed farm and of tr,ro cotton-ginning works, and creation of a system of rural roads as well as weLls and village boreholes. While satisfactory results have been obtained in the developnrent of cotton cultivation, this does not apply to food crop cultivation or to mechanized cultivation. 0n its completion in 1982, the cost of the project amounted to L2 billion CFA francs (at current value), including 8 billion financed by foreign loans (IBRD and CCCE) and 2.5 billion by the 16 OOO new growers concerned. JPC4.4A page 12 Along with this integrated project, the State is financi.ng, from iEs own resources, an "acceleratedrr project designed to supplement and expand the activities of CIDT - the regional development society for the savannas. Under the current plan, the Government has already launched the rural development project for the north-eastern savannas (Bouna and Bondoukou), under CIDT runagement. Some 2 4OO Planters are involved in activlties for marshland rice and food crop cultivation, irrigated rice cultivation (at Kpoda), dry agriculture, research and developroent and construction of roads, we11s and shops. This project, at a total cost of 4 billion CFA francs (current value), is due for completion in 1984. Foreign grants of approximately 2.8 billion CFA francs have been received from IBRD, FAC and USAID. The project for the north-north-rrestern region is to begin in 1983. 11. Motorization and mechanization prograrrmes Large-scale motorized land clearance operations have been taking place despite their heavy cost and their severe impact on the soil. A number of motorized or semi-motorized operations are also taking place in the savanna area (at Mankono, Katiola, Yamoussoukro, Bount6 and Ti6nigbou6 and at the Boundiali seed farm), but most of them have been a partial failure. Rather than dispersing its efforts, therefore, the Government has p1-anned to launch a large- scale Project for the uechanization and motorization of farming based on direct experiments among the rural conurunity, on training of the farming connnunity and craftsnren and on building up a chain of equipment from the equipnent installed among the farming cormnunity to regional machine bases. An initial three-year sector (1981-1983) will be completed in 1983 at a total cost of 2.3 billion CFA francs (current value), i.ncluding 1.5 billion on loan from CCCE. 12. CIDT activities and onchocerciasis in the savan@ Cotton is practically the only export crop in the savanna region, and its production val-ue amounts to 8 billion CFA frdncs. While cotton and itsderivatives (fibre, thread and cloth) have only a small share in exports (about 3% of the total), it must be pointed out that two industrial sectors have their origin in cotton production: the textile industry(weaving, spinning and manufacture of clothing and hosiery) and the oil extraction industry(Trituraf and Bouak6). CIDT - the regional development society for the savanna area - is the development society supporting the largest number of farmers, cotton producers and other producers. In all, its activities relate to 2OO OOO farmers, or an agricul-tural popuLation of about 1.4 million. CIDT's agricultural services employ approximate1-y 2 OOO persons, 1 4OO of whom are support workers in direct contact with the farming conmunity. Activities for Ehe harvesting, processing and marketing of cotton also provide about 5OO jobs. The onchocerciasis control programre will thus have a decisive impact on aLl these activities, and great attention should be paid to this programne in the savanna agricultural area, which is particularl-y threatened. Section II: Development of stock-raisl-ng and fishing 1. Development of stock-raising Ivory Coast is faced with a serious animaL protein supply problem. It produces on1-y 40% of its consumption of animal foodstuffs (by stock-raising and fishing). The rate of coverage for stock-raising production is only about one-third, although per capita consumption of animaL protein is still 1ow, at about 12 g per head per day. JPC4 .4A page 13 The traditional source of neat imports was from countries in the Sudano-Sahelian zone, from which 80% of the beef consumed was imported. Far from being able Eo meet Ivory Coast's increased demand, these countries have now reduced their supplies on account of the drought. This shows the importance of the development of stock-raising for the Ivory Coast The vast majority of existing livestock - most of them cattle - are in the savanna area, particularly the northern part. The stock-raising potential- in the savannas is one of the factors for a possible re-balancing of incomes betr^reen the savanna and forest areas. This explains the many stock-raising operations in progress or planned, which are being encouraged by the onchocerciasis control progranrne, whether in the initial control programne area or in the exterrslon zone. List of proiects The projects generall-y reflect the strategy adopted under the P1an, which may be sunmarized in the following principles: - to develop existing stock-raising among the rural connrunity and integrate it with agriculture; - to promote the establishment of medium-sized stock-raising enterprises suitable for allocation of credit; - to initiate sEock-raising enterprises with State funds, while seeking the earliest possible association of private partners providing capital and know-howl - to give overall support through structures situated both upstream and dorrnstream, providing: means of production: selection and breeding ranch, poultry and pig centres, national sheep centre, food factories, seed farm, etc. l marketing of production: SODEPRA trading service, and abattoir o octs si the sent o rc asis control1 1.1 Proiect for deve lopment of sedentary cattle-raising in the north or rural tion of stock-breedin less cattle Rural support operation - dissemination of technical knowledge. Obiective: to develop the loca1 bovind cattle population (trypanosomiasis-tolerant), increase its productivity and procure incomes for the Peasants. Locations Zone I of the Onchocerc iasis Progrartrne Departments of Korhogo, Boundiali, Ferk6ss6dougou, Odi6nn6 and Bouna Zor.e 2 of the Onchoce rc].asI.s Progranme: Departments of B6guela, Touba and Biankouma JPC4. 4A page 14 qgttle pepul4llolr cqncer4g!: 35O OOO head, of which 27L OOO, or 77%, "with support". Number of villages: l" 983, including 1 210 with support giving L 762 colLective or individual flocks and herds with support (about 15 OOO proprietors). Cost: from 1972 to L974: Ivory Coast budget: 257 million CFA francs From 1975: joint financing: Ivory Coast-Belgium-Federal Republic of C'ermany-France First phase L975-7979t 3 3OO million CFA francs approximately Second phase 1980-1984: 8 47O million CFA francs from the saure sources. 1.2 Proiect onne 1 over 4OO persons including 10 engineers or veterinarians, 38 intersEdiate stock-raising supervisors, 25O support workers trained on the project plus miscel-laneous personnel. Anticipated result of the project: Increase in livestock: t974 L984L979 258 000 360 000 455 000 Rate of internal profitability of the project over 2O years: Effects determined at end ot L982; Population i-ncreased from 258 OOO head Ln 1974 to 35O OOO in 1982. 1.3 Provision of cattle tracks and entry posts (4) First phase: from 1975 to 1980: total cost: 834 million CFA francs Second phase: from l-983 to 1984: total costt 285 mill-ion CFA francs Additional tracks for the Mali and Upper Vol-ta frontiers financed by USAID. 1.4 Badikaha seed farm Creation of means of production: fodder seeds , mainly leguminous (Styl-osanthes). 2 OOO ha: including 1 OOO ha of seed crop fields 1 OOO ha of grazing for young bovines. Started in L974 - End of invesEments: L976 Annual production: 7O-1OO tonnes of seed Cost: 151 million CFA francs Of which: l-O9 million USAID - Conseil de 1'Entente (regional project) 9 million from FAC Operates by self-financing Annual turnover: 1l-O million CFA francs 198 9 390 000 22.L% 1994 763 000 Number of employees: 50 JPC4.4A page 15 1.5 Industrial fat teninq. Ferkess6d ouqou IndusLrial establishment of the SOEDPRA Feed-Iot type. Fattening of imported or 1ocaL1y-raised zebus and bu1locks. Utilizes: by-products of the Ferk6 I sugar complex (mo1-asses) + cotton seed * fodder crops (600 ha). Studv: 1975 - start of implementation: 1976 L9772 3 OOO - bovines fattened: 3 5OO purchased L9792 8 OOO - bovines fattened: (4 OOO pLaces) L982: 9 OOO - bovines fattened: tal cost with extens 1 O8O million CFA francs Of which: 155 million from lvory Coast - the remainder from the Federal Republic of C,ermanY (KFW) Extension in progress To raise capacity from 16 OOO to 20 OOO oxen Per year (8 OOO to 10 OOO places). Other units are to follow. A private project is under study alongside the Borotou sugar producEion complex. Ferkess6dougou industrial slaughter-house Refrigerated slaughter-house plus jointing workshop - for despatching, coupled with Ferk6 Feed-Lot. Slaughter-house capacity' 2 5OO T carcass meat. Cost: 1 33O million CFA francs (Ivory Coast budget) 1. 6 Industrial cattle-raising Intensive breeding from imported females crossed with the local tryPanotolerant breeds: - zebu females from West Africa: alternate crossing with N'Dama breed' - half-breed N'Dama females produced in Europe by insemination. Aim: to increase the stock of breeder females - to obtain high-performance cattlejustifying intensive stock-raising nethods (use of by-products and fodder crops). Reception zones: Panya, Boundiali Department Norongu6, Ferk6 Department Badikala, Ferk6 Department These are the centres for half-breed production (crossing of zebus and taurines) and for zebu selection: 2 5OO head in 1982. 1.7 Support for and promotion of sEock farms Operation "SODEPTRA Centre" which covers zone 2 (extension) of the Onchocerciasis Control Prograrme, but overlaps into zone 1: Prefectures of Katiola and Dabakala, which are benefiting from the combined activities of the project. JPC4.4A page 16 1.8 Pastoral rilater supply Establishment of water points for the livestock of the villages receiving support from the project for development of sedentary cattle-raising in the North. 90 we1ls - 1O boreholes - 7 dams - 107 other watering facilities. Cost: L978-L9822 786 million CFA francs of which: 608 mi1lion subsidy, Netherlands - Conseil de 1'Entente 178 million lvory Coast. 1.9 Provision of pasture This new project is designed to provide sedentary stock-raising facilities for Peulh stock-breeders in the northern part of Ivory Coast, with livestock comprising 25O OOO zebus. It covers the Departments of Tingrela, Boundiali and Korhogo. During the period L982-L987, the project is to provide a number of facilities such as dams, pens and tracks and to establish improved grazitg areas. The total cost of the project is 8 billion CFA francs, of which 8OO million is to be met by Ivory Coast, the rest being financed by KFW and CCCE. 1.10 Proiect for support and promot n of stock farms in the centre Concerns all types of stock-raising of all species: cattle, sheep, goats, Pigs, Poultry and rabbits. Concerned with village stock-raising - l-ess intensive than in the North (42 OOO cattle), but aims above all at selecting and assisting suitable candidates for the estasblishment of specialized stock farms (poultry farms, Pi8 farms, etc.). Support less fragnented and more selective than in the north. Location: Zor.e 2 of the Onc rciasis Programe : Departments of Bondoukou, Katiola and Dabakala Engineers: 18 hlorks engineers: 20 Support workers: 95 Cost 19 76-L982 2 ooO million CFA francs, of which: UNDP 4oo million Ivory Coast 1 600 million The progranme is continuing in 1983 and is to be developed in 1984 with ADB financing. l_. 11 Deve l-oprnent of sheep- rai s ins in the centre Sma11 ruminants. Introduction of breeder ewes. Promoti.on of medium-sized sheep-raising undertakings. Creation of a national sheep centre (B6omi) comprising a training centre. Location of the support Zone I of cerciasis Pro Departments of Katiola and Dabakala Personne 1: JPC4 .4A page 17 Zorre 2 of the Onchocerciasi5 ?rogranure: Departments of Bouak6 (as a whole), Dimbokro (subprefectures of Dimbokro and Kouassi-Kouassikro) and Bouafl6 (subprefectures of Bouafl6 and Gohitafla). Number of rural inhabitants concerned: one million Present livestock population: 155 OOO sheep - 125 OOO goats Personnel: 1OO support workers assigned to the SEDEPRA and AVB structures Plus: retraining of support workers from other operations. Cost: EDF: period 1978-19822 521 million CFA francs Ivory Coast: period 1977-1982; l- 3OO million CFA francs Executing agency: SODEPRA L.L2 Marahoud Ranch State ranch managed by SODEPRA. Breeding ranch: Multi plication and selection of N'Dama cattle for delivery of male and female breeders to stock-raisers and of bul1 calves for fattening and for animal traction Location: Marahou6 Vall-ey between Mankono and S6gue1a, 80 ooo ha. Initial proiect: Capacity: 20 OOO units - tropical livestock - or about 32 OOO N'Dama. Intensification in pteClerq: 50 OOO to 60 OOO livestock units First phase: Cost: 1975-1981: of which EDF: Ivory Coast: EDF: Ivory Coast: 1 750 million CFA francs 925 million CFA francs 825 mi1]-ion CFA francs 2 25O million CFA francs 1 950 million CFA francs with intensification as from 1980 Second phase: (1982-1985) Trypanosomiasis is an obstacle to crossing with heavier breeds more susceptible to the disease. A Glossina eradication campaign, financed from the lvory Coast budget, is in progress, at Gst of 70 million CFA francs per annum. 1.13 Sipilou and Abokouamekro Ranches Ranches of the sane kind and with the same purpose as the foregoing, but older and smaller. Abokouamekro: Subprefecture of Toumodi: 11 5OO ha Sipilou: Subprefecture of Biankouma: 9 6OC ha Abokouamekro: 4 OOo head Sipilou: 5 OOO head Present livestock population: JPC4.4A Page 18 Production in 1982: Abokouamekro: 1 1OO head Sipilou: 1 600 head Cos t: USAID: 259 million CFA francs Ivory Coast: 157 million CFA francs 2. Continental Fishine and Fish farmins Proiects Average animal protein consumption is between 17 and 20 g per capita per day, with a high fish consumption (55%), while meat, milk and eggs represent on1ry 45% of the daily diet This rapid increase in fish consumption could, frozert fish imports. unfortunately, be met only by increased The Ministry of Water and Forestry is therefore endeavouring to develop continental fishing in order to reduce frozen fish imports. Two fishing and fish farming projects concern the onchocerciasis control programne: - Project for the developnent of fish farming and aquaculture in continental waters, and - Project for the developnent of fishing on Lake Buyo. 2.L Proiect for the development of fish farming and aquaculture in continental waters Proiect presentation - Project started in February 1978; prograrmred to 1984. - Location: Aboisso - Bondoukou - Bouak6 - Daloa - Korhogo - Man Gagnoa - Touba - Total cost: 1.5 billion CFA francs, financed by IIMP and Ivory Coast. - IINICEF is developing a simultaneous Drograrmre for the creation of oonds for school- chi 1dren. Obiectives: Training of fish farmers Construction of private or cooperative ponds Creation of fish nursery Training and retraining of support personnel. The progranure provided for the creation of 97 ares of ponds during the period L979-1982. In 1982, fish production from the 97 ates of ponds amounted to 2OO tonnes. 2.2 Lake Buyo fishins deve lolrment project Proiect presentation Project sEarted in 1980. CompleEion planned for December 1985. Location: Buyo Dam lake, 600 lan; 3 support bases: Buyo - Guiglo - Guessabo. Total costz !.325 billion CFA francs, financed by CCCE and lvory Coast. Objectives: Organization of smaIl-scale fishing on the lake Dissemination of fishing techniques Support for 2OO rural fisherrnen Introduction of fish species of economic interest. JPC4 .4A page 19 Section III: nfrastructural and e efforts in the b1 a human water and energy sectors 1 Efforts in the oublic health sector Recapitularion: 5 priority objectives were established for 1981-1985(A) ]. - rural heal-th development - preservation and extension of the country's heritage - health and nutrition education - control and reduction of health system costs - qualitative and quantitative improvement of staff benefits (B) National achievenents in 197 6 - 1983 Total operations carried out since L976 have amounted to nearly 35 billion CFA francs(current value). Emphasis has been placed on renovation of the hospital sector. Some 30 inland hospitals have been covered by the renovation and extension progranrne. These hospitals include social medicine units, and play a similar role to that envisaged under the plan for sectoral bases, health centres and PMI centres. As regards social medicine, rural maternity capacity has increased by more than 7O%, and 55 new structures - health centres and sectoral dispensaries - have been built. A substantial renovation prografi[ne for these basic infrastructures has also been undertaken. Lastly, the establishment of 180 mobile units has considerably helped to strengthen rural medical capacity. The fol-I-owing tabl-e reflects the substantial- budgetary efforts made, both under the general operational budget and in investments. (Figures in mill-ion CFA francs) (C) A substantial investment effort has been made at the health level in the Onchocerciasis Control Progranune area since 1976, with a total credit allocation of 9 866 billion CFA francs. - BSIE z 6 989 million - CSSPPA: 2 627 million - EDF: 1 1OO million Year Operational, budget Amount provided(Investments) Percentage provided (Budge t ) 1 980 198 1 L982 1983 2L 423 26 366 28 9L5 32 853 8 308 7 653 3 460 4 609 (estirnate) 38.7% 29% t2% L4% JPC4.44 page 20 Eight new hospitals have been built (theKorhogo CHR and the Odienne, Ferkessedougou, Touba, Seguela, Mankono, Dabakala and Niakaramandougou hospitals), while the Bouak6 CHR and the Yamoussoukro Hospital have been renovated and extended. The number of maternity, general in-patient and specialized care beds rose from 973 in 1975 to over 2 OOO in 1983. As regards sociaL medicine, the constructi.on of 48 health units including two extensions was undertaken during the period (health centres, dispensaries, sector bases and maternity units). These new health units do not include the dispensaries and maternity units set up under FRAR projects. 2. Human water supplies (A) National wa ter supply proqrafirrE The human uTater supply programme covers all activities for the production, treatnrent and supply of drinking-rrater for the population. UP to 1973, hum:n l^rater suppLy activities were carried out in an uncoordinated way by various bodies, such as l-ocaI conununities and EECI. In 1973, on1-y a third of prefectures and subprefectures were equipped with water supply networks. In rural areas, aside from wells provided by private initiative, there rilere at that time about 1 OOO rilater points equipped with hand pumps. The national lrater supply programne formulated in 1973 defined the objectives to be achieved by 1-980 and the principles to be applied in the technical and financial- areas. An integrated institutional mechanism was established to provide for the production, maintenance and financial management of the prograrrne. (B) Objectives Urban rf,ater supplies: - renovation and extension of the 38 water supply netrcorks existing in 1973; - provision of elater supply networks for all prefectuces and subprefectures. Village water supplies: establishment of 7 2OO water points (weIls or boreholes) in order to provide all villages with over l-OO inhabitants with drinking-water on the basis of one water point per 60O inhabiEants; following the l-975 census, the number of water points to be established increased from 7 2OO to 11 5OO; according to the most recent forecasts, the establ-ishment of 2 5OO water points may be envisaged in the near future (1983-l-985), bringing the total number established by 1985 to 12 5oo. Of a total of 8 120 vill-age water supply installations provided from the time the national water suppl-y prograrrne was launched in L975, up to 31 December 1981, 7 27L water points were financed by the FNH. In 198L, 1 095 water points were established, of which 997 were financed through FNH. The number for L982 is estimated at about 1 OOO. JPC4.4A page 21 Total rilork carried out on urban and village water supplies up to 31 December 1981 represents a financial engagement by DCH of (47 564 + 24 648) 72 212 million CFA francs, to which should be added the cost of the studies carried out prior to the impl-ementation of these activities, amounting to 2 16O million CFA francs (excluding tax), or a total of(72 2L2 + 2 160) = 74 372 million CFA francs, of which: studies: 2.90% rural: 33 .14/" urban: 62.96% Aside from non-reimbursable assistance of 11 285 million CFA francs (15% of engagerents) obtained from developrnent assistance bodies, and the portion financed internally, financing of the programne is being net from foreign loans (51%) and internal credits (4O%). The internal loan covering the Ivory Coast quota largely corresponds to investment drawing facilities at the Central Bank (BCEAO) for a total of 30 million CFA francs. The foreign loan comprises, on the one hand, credits granted on highLy favourable terms by international contributors of funds for village water supplies and, on the other, private financing agreements representing approximately 15 OOO million CFA francs. At the end cf 1982, debt servicing by FNH up to 31 December 1981, and additional debt servicing in connection with the 1982-1985 investment prograrme, amounted to 7 194 million CFA francs. (c) Proqrarme for 1983-1985 Estimated requirements amount to 43.3 billion CFA francs. This amount is to provide for: the urban rrater supply programne (2O.8 billion CFA francs) completion of the energency programne in 1983 reinforcement, by 1985, of installations thus provided (in particular, financing of 2 13O IvC by IBRD, at a cost of 5.7 billion, for replacerent of equipment at Ab idj an) the village water supply programne (2O.1 billion CFA francs) completion of the emergency prograrme (12 5OO water points) sundry projects (2.4 billion CFA francs) The operation will be initiated with financing from IBRD (11.2 billion), CCCE (7 billion), EDF (3.2 billion) and KFW (1.6 billion), but 20 billion CFA francs will have to be found over the entire period. 3. Hydroelectric power Onchocerciasis control acEivities have played an important role in the electricity supply policy of Ivory Coast. Prior to the construction of dams, preventive activities such as those now envisaged for the future Soubr6 dam area are undertaken through studies on foci of Larvae and through the distribution of larvicides. JPC4 .4A Page 22 In the case of Soubr6, this control operation, which is integrated with the developnent project as a whoIe, will- be the responsibility of the Onchocerciasis Research Institute at Bouak6. Buvo Hvdroelectrici ty Dam Brought into operation: 1980 3 billion m3Reservoir capacity: 8 - Power: 165 MI^I - Production: 9OO G^IH Displacenents, vil_I_age and plantation reconstruction - Total cost: 21 billion CFA francs Soubr6 Hvdroelectricitv Dam: projected - To be brought into operation: 1986 3Reservoir capacity: 1 billion m Ponrer: 328 M^l Producti.on: 1 60O G'tlH Total costz 22L bl11ion CFA francs Integrated devel-opment at Soubr6: of which 26% fitanced by Ivory CoasE 11.3 bill-ion CFA francs IV. CONCLUSIONS Substantial socioeconomic projects closely linked to the new perspectives opened up by the effects of the onchocerciasis control progranrne in the infested areas have been successfully implemented and have produced substantial results. A11 sectors have benefited from the inv,ssfrrent policy pursued al-ong with the programtre act ivitie s. The socioeconomic activities carried out in the areas concerned, which have been identified and described exhaustively in this report, deserve to be continued and intensified together with a consolidation of the results already achieved in the context of eradication of the disease, in the interest of the harmonious and balanced development of the areas concerned and the ultimate we1_I-being of the people. \. AL\t\L,\t.:) .TPC4 .44 page 23 HYDROCRAPHICAL MAP ONCHOCERCIASIS AREA o TF a:: Nlo Onchocercrasrs zone Zone onchocercos6e Non-onchocercrasrs zone Zone non onchocercos6e 1 '.- j- o 50 lO0 Km i =?,-tt@ t \ ) JPC4.4A PaBe 24 ONCHOCERCIASIS CONIROL MAY 1981 rl O 5O IOO Kra Low infestation rate Taux d'infestation faible Reinvasion - B6invasionffi +J:ffie, itl::i:?r,#'fl'j,!r fl#Yfl?r io,ut i on r I +;tx'[{ffi,1:i,#',', 0o,,, n, Trial village - Village-test tf, Treated river - Riviere traitde D. O . R -ffi -t JPC4.4A page 25 RT]RAL DISMNSARIES ON 31 JANUARY 1982 loundisli 'rf.^." luoR ) a..t nhrkorsddougouOdbnnlo l 1\llA a Iocbc X6tiol! a ' .i'i'.lr lcPl.F,l. t_t_i suD ndro t^t- rr_::r, o 50 IOOKm Number of inhabitants per dispensary in operation (thousand) Nombre d'habitants par dispensaire en fonctionnement (milliers) (National average 11)(Moyenne nationale 11) ry ,) "'. Projected dispensary - Dispensaire en proiet a Closecl dispensary - Dispensaire ferm6 '.'.'.ldukd. 't', ,",.)r'O.' . l-gvllot t.t. .JPC4.4A Page 26 POPULATION DENSITY BY DEPARTMENI 1980 ESTI},{ATE ABIDJA aar aa aa 0 50 l00Km al ORA Less than 5 rnhabitants per km2 Moins de 5 habitants/km2 5 -10 inhabitants per km2De5dl0habitants/km2 10 -2O inhabitants per km2 De 10 i 20 habrtants/km2 20-50 rnhabrtants per km2 De 20 d 50 habitantsTkm2 Lrmrt of non-onchocercrasrs zone' frorn the lrne to the coast Limrte zone non onchocercosrie: du trart au lrttoral a D.D.R 1983 BOUNA a a a a aa aa a a aa a a a a aaa aaa aa aa a a a a a a a a a a a a aa a a aa a a aa a aa *H a a a a a a KE a aa aa aaa a aaa aa aaaa a a aa aa a aa aa a a o a a aa a aa a aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa aa a aaa aa aa aa a aa t:g-:J aa a a a a a a a JPC4 .4A Page 27 RURAL MAIERNITY UNITS ON 31 JANUARY 1982 A o 50 'too Km t -,--- -L^_-)l-*r- Number of maternrty beds in use per'10000 women of child-bearing age Nombre de lits des maternitds en fonctionnement pour 10000 femmes en 3ge de procrder U 0,5 1,5 2r5 3rS (National average 1.2) (moyenne nationale 1,2) I Proiected maternity units - Maternit6 en proiets I Closed maternity unit - Maternit6 ferm6e JPC4.4A page 28 PMI CENTRNS AND SCHOOL AND UNI\IERSITY I{EALTH SER\TICES 1981 a hrl{rrldougou fouoibli$o{r"a' NOR a od, xotltooo Ioubr X.otl.lr a Drtrrkrh Icrr$r llrnlor "o O lhnk E8T AY iorDoul(ouoo CETTRE OT.'E3T DALOAocl t s'" o or a o.t"#o '*-r-/CE]TTREMAilo t';," AIG , lpo I Adr.ta -otoUErn Oivoi SUD , ooAlolrro suD llorrotdr s 3tl{ - rfoPo tt o 60 tOOKm O PMr t sssu olourlll oomi oOagroooi JPC4.4A page 29 HOSPITAL CAPACITY 198 1 a Tang..lo !VOR loundiali o aDrlohh CE]UTBE tlgurilo o OATOA o OUEAT il a aAlolrrc 5ct.ndra lttorAit ll*-rt0ro o 50 tOU Km F----- -l---*---{ -rlllr, Number of b€ds per 10000 inhabitants (excluding maternity beds) Nombre de lits pour 10000 habitants (non compris les lits de maternit6) 0 3 5 7 9 l3 (National average: 5.81 (Moyenne nationale: 5,8) 1 -1t") 1 )', .1 I t ,8#*,, Efifi[iTl ffi JPC4.4A Page 30 HOSPITALS ON 31 JANUARY 1981 oafrn;rrlo ca frrk6rrldougou*o rorHoGo E8T louna Co a a l(ol lol o oa 3a foubo l/lonhonoO o llon roNDOuxou oo i[a ou CENTRE DATOA *o Sigullo - a OUEST lrrlaO o a ca oa a a CENTRE Co Dobokrb @louAxt a aof"io ).( o a a Oumc ao (, (, Gulglo o o 3oub16 a Aber,go "{c lllc e O Adropl Dlvo{ a SUD a oa Abolrro SUD.O Sorrondrq a A s^N-PIDRLo/_- --/' a/ o 50 1O() Krn t$ CHU * CHR O H1 Hospital - Hdpital Hl o H2 Hospital - H6pital H2 loundloli oa c JPC4 .4A Page 31 PROGRESS OF THE NATIONAL VILLA@ WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME BY DEPARTMENI AUDJAil ASSAiIDRI A O 50 .OOlrn -. aa aa o-25% 25 - 50% 50-75% aaa aaaar aa .OaaaaSOUBRE a ,ll m 75-100% a 3 oo a aa a aa a a a aa o aa O aaa aaa a 5 oo aoana a oa 5:l n a oo ..' aa o n ao5 o a na5 aa a 3 oa aao n 5 aa..!a oa5a a aaaaa ataaa :ta 5a aa a a5 oa a a5aon:t :t aaa"a aaoa a oa aa aaa t a5oa a :.I oa:t oa 3a5 ar1a a a oo a5a oano3 nacaaaaa O aa a a aa :t na ao a aa a :t:! aon aoa n aa a ca aa :lna a -a:l fa aaaa a - a ao aaa a aaa aa a aaaa 3aa a 35 ao 5 aaa anOa a :l aaaaa aaa aaaaao o a I ltl JPC4.4A paSe 32 SPATIAL DISTRIBUIION OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN IVORY COAST rN 1983 Souhrd 0ivo a tr oai A AAA oo AA tr!tr ZZZ III tr AU0JAX SAI{- PTDBO ooooooooooooo Dtrtrtr!trtrtrtrtrtrtr V}I,4ZZZZ,ZZZ7IZZa IIIIIIITIIIIIIIiriillrtlrlllrr!lrr A AAAAAAAAAA AAAA A A *trtirtffi ****ff 6 a 0 D Z I A A A + * Social Centres - Centres sociaux Public kindergartens - Jardins d'enfants publics Semi-public kindergartens - Jard ins d'enf ants semi-publics Private kindergartens - Jardins d'enfants privds Lcgal - Justice Health - Santd School - Scolaire State enterprises and societres - Enlreprises et soci6t6s d'6tats 0ther administrations - Autres Administrations Specialized social centres Centres sociaux spdcialisds Departemental boundary - Limite de ddpartement - Regional boundary - Limrte de r6gion t Chief town of Department - Chef lieu de d6partement e Regronal Plan Belegation Headquarters - D o R Siige de Ddldgatron H6gional du Plan ltls O tr Za t l Boundtrlr0drnni aa a Far lrssGdougou oo trtr2 * e , x08H0G0 Ctr! A trZ a foulr o^ Sdgu6ta a MrIlono a DD EST Lcm a l0ID0l,I0u a) OD A O tJtrtr IAA 0rmri a tr r)lz A Z' 0Ar.0A o AA aA 0rb.k.l. l(rtrol. CENTRE looe3rrou a a00 ZZAZ a Sourlli AA -- ---+.- EOUA( E * tr AA Dt]E * IIIIII A OflZea Gurglo, a On Aboiu on a IttitE. IIT11ffn lrrigated rice cultivation receiving supportllllllll Riziculture irrigu6e encadrde MAJOR AGRICULTTJRAL DE\ELOPMEM OPERATIONS 1983 NON-ONCHOCE RCIASIS ZONE ZONE NON ONCHOCERCOSEE Area supported by monitor (cotton) P6rimdtre d'encadrement par moniteur (coton) lndustrial sug.r canc plantation Plantation industrielle de canne A sucre Mechanized or manual cultivation Culture m6canisde ou manuelle Markctgarden cultivation Culture maraichCre Tobacco growing area Zone de culture du tabac Coffee plot Bloc caf6 Cpcoa Plot Bloc cacao ffi ffi E JPC4.4A page 33 O 5O DOlm# a 6 Qt L/A a0s a, !,6 c *t0 ogg 'ib a ,ff - t=l\a tt a E- D. D.R. tgt 5 .i.