Mekong malaria elimination programme: epidemiology summary, volume 13, January-March 2021

2021 QUARTER 1 OVERVIEW Cambodia Cambodia reported 1131 cases, a 66% decrease compared to the same time period in 2020. P. falciparum + mixed cases and P. vivax constituted 9% and 91% of cases, respectively. China (Yunnan Province) Yunnan reported 15 P. vivax cases and 0 P. falciparum + mixed cases. Among those, no indigenous cases were reported. Lao People's Democratic Republic Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) reported 596 cases, a 15% decrease compared to the same time period in 2020. P. falciparum + mixed cases and P. vivax constituted 42% and 58% of cases respectively. Myanmar Myanmar reported 4148 cases of which 13% were P. falciparum + mixed cases and 87% were P. vivax. It should be noted that only partial data was available for Myanmar during this period. Thailand Thailand reported 399 cases, a 29% decrease compared to the same time period in 2020. P. falciparum + mixed cases and P. vivax constituted 5% and 88% of cases, respectively. Viet Nam Viet Nam reported 93 cases, a 86% decrease compared to the same time period in 2020. P. falciparum + mixed cases and P. vivax constituted 56% and 44% of cases, respectively. From January to March 2021, Greater Mekong subregion (GMS) countries reported 6382 malaria cases. Volume 13 January–March 2021 EPIDEMIOLOGY SUMMARY MEKONG MALARIA ELIMINATION PROGRAMME 2021 GMS DATA AT A GLANCE (JAN-MAR)* 6382 cases -66% P. falciparum + mixed cases compared to the same period in 2020 1 083 943 tests conducted -37% P. vivax cases compared to the same period in 2020 -44% cases compared to the same period in 2020 *Only partial data was available for Myanmar during this period of 2021. -39% tests compared to the same period in 2020 CHANGES IN P. FALCIPARUM + MIXED CASES IN THE GMS FROM JAN-MAR 2020 COMPARED TO JAN-MAR 2021 CHANGES IN P. VIVAX CASES IN THE GMS FROM JAN-MAR 2020 COMPARED TO JAN-MAR 2021 -71% -1% -69% -51% -88% -66% -66% -23% -17% -30% -80% -37% 2879 -242 -3 -1235 -21 -400 978 Jan-Mar 2020 Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam Jan-Mar 2021 Nu m be r o f c as es 8494 -1971 -102 -747 -150 -163 5361 Jan-Mar 2020 Cambodia Lao PDR Myanmar Thailand Viet Nam Jan-Mar 2021 Nu m be r o f c as es % change in cases % change in cases 2 REGIONAL MAP OF P. FALCIPARUM + MIXED CASES BY DISTRICT (JAN-MAR 2021)* Number of P. falciparum + mixed cases * Data from Viet Nam is at the provincial level. The boundaries, names shown, and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. 2 REGIONAL MAP OF P. VIVAX CASES BY DISTRICT (JAN-MAR 2021)* Number of P. vivax cases *Data from Viet Nam is at the provincial level. The boundaries, names shown, and the designations used on this map do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. 4 NUMBER OF P. FALCIPARUM + MIXED CASES BY MONTH AND COUNTRY (2019–2021)* Cambodia Lao People's Democratic Republic Viet Nam Myanmar Thailand 5 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 100 200 300 400 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 50 100 150 200 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 100 200 300 400 500 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c *Data from 2021 covers January to March. NUMBER OF P. VIVAX CASES BY MONTH BY COUNTRY* (2019–2021) Cambodia Viet Nam Myanmar Thailand 6 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 200 400 600 800 1000 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0 50 100 150 200 Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c *Data from 2021 covers January to March. Lao People's Democratic Republic MONTHLY TEST POSITIVITY RATE (TPR) BY COUNTRY* (2019–2021) *TPR is calculated as number of confirmed cases divided by number of tested cases (including rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy) per month per country. *Data from 2021 covers January to March. 7 0,0% 1,0% 2,0% 3,0% 4,0% 5,0% Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov 0,0% 0,2% 0,4% 0,6% 0,8% 1,0% 1,2% 1,4% Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0,0% 0,5% 1,0% 1,5% 2,0% 2,5% 3,0% 3,5% Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c 0,0% 0,2% 0,4% 0,6% 0,8% 1,0% 1,2% 1,4% Ja n Fe b M ar Ap r M ay Ju n Ju l Au g Se p Oc t No v De c Cambodia Viet Nam Myanmar Thailand Lao People's Democratic Republic MONTHLY MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS BY COUNTRY IN 2020 (JAN–DEC) Country Surveillance indicator1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Ca m bo di a2 Deaths 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Suspected cases tested 57 370 65 816 69 868 60 348 65 063 72 663 76 507 79 384 81 672 76 985 72 487 72 642 850 805 Confirmed cases 1 361 1 096 887 708 669 920 851 819 586 557 528 508 9 490 P. falciparum cases 174 102 44 41 55 162 104 113 53 32 47 63 990 P. vivax cases 1 180 983 840 665 610 754 737 704 531 523 480 425 8 432 Mixed cases 7 11 3 2 4 4 10 2 2 2 1 20 68 Other cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Imported cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ch in a3 Deaths 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Suspected cases tested 7 350 6 639 7 074 8 286 9 411 10 846 11 904 10 643 11 211 10 717 9 548 9 616 113 245 Confirmed cases 7 6 7 8 17 39 22 6 8 10 2 5 137 P. falciparum cases 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 P. vivax cases 5 6 7 8 17 39 22 6 8 10 2 5 135 Mixed cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Imported cases 7 6 7 8 15 38 22 6 7 9 2 3 130 La o Pe op le ’s De m oc ra tic Re pu bl ic Deaths 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Suspected cases tested 46 534 44 059 47 927 36 677 39 958 47 092 50 721 53 728 53 373 57 038 51 249 48 147 576 503 Confirmed cases 322 206 173 143 139 115 260 304 408 489 410 536 3 505 P. falciparum cases 118 62 63 32 44 48 126 147 212 280 201 218 1 551 P. vivax cases 198 139 108 111 94 67 131 157 194 206 199 312 1 916 Mixed cases 6 5 2 0 1 0 3 0 2 2 10 6 37 Other cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Imported cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M ya nm ar Deaths 1 0 0 1 1 0 4 0 1 1 1 0 10 Suspected cases tested 260 415 291 356 300 912 232 859 255 938 325 075 372 332 374 653 344 459 298 889 286 585 268 341 3 611 814 Confirmed cases 2 559 1 854 1 717 2 551 4330 9432 11 617 7 201 4 674 3 873 4 534 3 790 58 132 P. falciparum cases 889 500 348 517 901 1 756 2 400 2 025 1 516 1 304 1 722 1 133 15 011 P. vivax cases 1 641 1 345 1 355 2 020 3 418 7 623 9 148 5 126 3 133 2 533 2 761 2 614 42 717 Mixed cases 29 9 14 14 11 53 69 50 25 36 51 43 404 Other cases 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Th ai la nd Deaths Data not available4 Suspected cases tested 69 090 68 858 67 471 50 500 64 390 86 543 81 946 75 482 61 149 53 810 54 102 48 636 781 977 Confirmed cases 209 171 179 198 526 915 772 367 186 145 143 193 4 004 P. falciparum cases 14 12 10 6 39 50 25 13 11 6 3 5 194 P. vivax cases 189 150 162 183 477 846 728 341 170 132 132 182 3 692 Mixed cases 2 2 1 0 2 5 4 1 0 1 3 0 21 Other cases 2 5 5 8 6 10 10 2 1 2 4 5 60 Imported cases 38 39 34 25 53 173 183 93 34 12 11 20 715 Vi et N am Deaths 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Suspected cases tested 107 335 128 121 139 800 128 144 153 905 170 206 167 131 168 788 181 778 163 644 162 321 140 214 1 811 387 Confirmed cases 219 272 167 106 128 70 62 78 95 84 73 67 1 421 P. falciparum cases 155 192 97 54 55 29 29 33 61 52 36 27 820 P. vivax cases 60 76 68 51 71 40 33 45 33 32 37 39 585 Mixed cases 3 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 11 Other cases 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Imported cases 0 64 52 27 34 27 18 29 14 21 8 9 303 8 1 Mixed cases include cases identified with more than one Plasmodium species. Other cases refer to P. malariae, P. ovale, P. knowlesi and unknown cases. Data in the table includes microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). 2 Numbers of cases includes data from two systems: the malaria information system (MIS) and the health information system (HIS). 3 Numbers of cases in China refers to imported and relapsed cases in the 19 border counties of Yunnan Province. No indigenous cases were reported in 2020. 5 Malaria deaths from Thailand are officially reported annually. MONTHLY MALARIA CASES AND DEATHS BY COUNTRY IN 2021 (JAN–DEC) Country Surveillance indicator1 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total Ca m bo di a2 Deaths 0 0 0 0 Suspected cases tested 64 178 68 811 72 088 205 077 Confirmed cases 502 348 281 1 131 P. falciparum cases 54 30 14 98 P. vivax cases 448 317 267 1 032 Mixed cases 0 1 0 1 Other cases 0 0 0 0 Imported cases 0 0 0 0 Ch in a3 Deaths 0 0 0 0 Suspected cases tested 6 366 6 752 7 044 20 162 Confirmed cases 4 3 8 15 P. falciparum cases 0 0 0 0 P. vivax cases 4 3 8 15 Mixed cases 0 0 0 0 Other cases 0 0 0 0 Imported cases 3 3 5 11 La o Pe op le ’s De m oc ra tic Re pu bl ic Deaths 0 0 0 0 Suspected cases tested 40 325 39 029 44 207 123 561 Confirmed cases 286 155 155 596 P. falciparum cases 111 77 60 248 P. vivax cases 174 77 92 343 Mixed cases 1 1 3 5 Other cases 0 0 0 0 Imported cases 0 0 0 0 M ya nm ar 4 Deaths 0 0 0 0 Suspected cases tested 127 822 83 315 50 681 261 818 Confirmed cases 2 247 1 155 746 4 148 P. falciparum cases 391 110 33 534 P. vivax cases 1 840 1 043 711 3 594 Mixed cases 16 2 2 20 Other cases 0 0 0 0 Th ai la nd Deaths Data not available5 Suspected cases tested 50 217 49 479 56 846 156 542 Confirmed cases 127 132 140 399 P. falciparum cases 4 4 8 16 P. vivax cases 115 120 116 351 Mixed cases 2 2 0 4 Other cases 6 6 16 28 Imported cases 8 13 22 43 Vi et N am Deaths 0 0 0 0 Suspected cases tested 98 937 92 798 125 048 316 783 Confirmed cases 39 18 36 93 P. falciparum cases 19 10 22 51 P. vivax cases 19 8 14 41 Mixed cases 1 0 0 1 Other cases 0 0 0 0 Imported cases 5 6 7 18 9 1 Mixed cases include cases identified with more than one Plasmodium species. Other cases refer to P. malariae, P. ovale, P. knowlesi and unknown cases. Data in the table includes microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). 2 Numbers of cases includes data from two systems: the malaria information system (MIS) and the health information system (HIS). 3 Numbers of cases in China refers to imported and relapsed cases in the 19 border counties of Yunnan Province. No indigenous cases were reported in 2021. 4 The monthly data for 2021 reported under Myanmar is not final and may be subject to change. Data on imported cases is currently not available for Myanmar. 5 Malaria deaths from Thailand are officially reported annually. NOTES Data sources: Reported cases include cases reported from all sources of public health facilities, community health workers and the private sector. Disclaimer: The Mekong Malaria Elimination (MME) programme is an initiative aimed at supporting the countries in the Greater Mekong subregion towards the goal of malaria elimination by 2030. The World Health Organization (WHO) has compiled data for this publication based on reports from the countries in the Greater Mekong subregion. The data presented in this publication are based on available data as of May 2021. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this summary do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. WHO does not warrant that the information contained in this summary is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. This summary may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, transmitted, distributed, translated or adapted, in part or in whole, in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of WHO. WHO/UCN/GMP/MME/2021.01 © World Health Organization 2021. Some rights reserved. This work is available under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. Previous quarterly epidemiology summaries can be found on the MME programme website