Evaluation in troughs on S.damnosum s.l.larvae of 3 new formulations of Carbosulfan (Carbamate)

Ia EVALUATION IN TROUGHS ON S, DAI,INOSUM S.L. LARVAE oF 3 NElil FORMULATIONS OF GARBOSULFAN (GARBAIIATE ) Technlcal Report OCP/IRU 89.o4 Insecticlde Research Unlt Onchocerclasls Control Programme Programme de Luttte Contre l'Onchocercose World Health Organlzatlon Organlsatlon Mondiale de la Sante Bouak6 - December 1989 ,YoCI1 a- 5-' o + 've ,lr,\t l{orld H.alth Orgrntzrtion - OnchocerciasiB Control ProEruoe - Inscctlcldc Roscarch ltrllt oCP/IRU/E9.04Pego I EVALUATIOT{ IN TROUGHS ot{ S. DANNOSUT'I S.L. LARVAE OF 3 NEW FORMULATTO].IS OF CARBOSULFAN (CARBAMATE) T 1. INTROOUCTION Carbosulfan is one of the five operatlona! lnsectlcldes currently used by OCp to control Simulium damnosum larvae ln West Africa. The current formulation is a 25% a.i. emulsifiable concentrate, produced by FMC1 under the name of MarshalR; lt ls used at a dosage rate of 0.OS mg a.i.,/L for 10 min (0.12 L per m3ls of rlver dlscharge). Thls formulation was selected after testlng several alternative formulatlons proposed by FMC (Kurtak 1986, Renaud and Kurtak 1987). Because of a refatlvely low selectlvlty for S. damnosum, lts use ls llmlted to hlgh rlver dlscharges (>?O m3ls), which llmits the rlsk of overdosage, and lt ls used for a maxlmum of 10 cyctes, whlch reduces the envlronmental lmpact. The other relatlve dlsadvantages of carbosulfan are its high prlce and short carry (S 15 km) when compared to temephos. Three experlmental formulations were provlded by FMC with the aim of improvlng the selectlvlty and carry of carbosulfan. The flrst product u,as formulated as mlcro-capsules, relying on the fact that, as fllter-feeders, S- damnosum larvae might be more exposed to them than other non-target organisms, and that the degradation of carbosulfan associated with rlver transport might be reduced. The mlcro-emutsions were also devised with the expectatlon that they may be more selectlve, but mostly that reduced loss and degradation would lmprove the carrY of carbosulfan. o In a flrst step, these formulations were tested on S. damnosum larvae in troughs in Soubr6 to compare their performance with the current 25I EC formulation. 2. MATERIALS & METHOOS The experimental formulations provided by FMC were: - Carbosulfan 3Os W/W micro-capsule (16-036) - Carbosulfan 253 W/W micro-emulsion (15-188) - Carbosulfan 12% W/W micro-emulsion (15-1788) The trough tests were performed ln Soubr6 (9-11/08/89), according to the standard OCP protocol, which is provided in Annex 1. The larvae used for the test were taken form the Sassandra rlver at Kop6ragul; they are mostly S. sanctipaul;, a species of the S. damnosum complex. The Kop6ragui populations of a t Thia documcnt do€B not constitutc a fornal publication quotect or tmnBleted xithout th€ agreenent of world r€6pon3ible for viere oxpressed in signed articles' t fUC International AG, Agricultural Chenical Group. ParadiaBos, Anouroussion, GR-l5t 25 AthenB, Gr€ece. . It Bhould not bc revieHcd, abBtmcted, Health Organizrtlon. AuthorB a'lona lr. Agora Center, lO-t2 Kifis6ias Avenue, Uorld Harlth Orgrnlz.tlort - Onchoc.rclr.ls Control Progrrme - Ins.ctlcldo Rcs.rch Unlt ocP/rRu/t9.oaP.go { thls specles are used regularly for tests, and show normal susceptlblllty to all lnsectlcldes. 3. RESULTS ? I Carh aerrl f an R69 I^l/l^l mi ^r^--2n<rrl a l'Ratn A f1z.<\ Thls formulation is so thick (not unllke paste) that it ls difflcult to suck lt ln a plpette, and ldeally It should be welghed. When added to water the product sank stralght to the bottom and strong and prolonged shaklng was ne€ded to obtaln a unlform and smooth mlxture. Once well mlxed, lt sedlmented heavlly wlthln 2 hours when left undlsturbed ln lts contalner Data from the 2 tests wlth thls formulatlon are presented ln Table 1 together wlth the results of probit analysls (Flg. t ). The average LC50 was 0.0150 .mglLxlo mln and the average LC95 0.036 m9/Lx10 mln- Even at low concentratlons there was a strong lrltant effect on larvae, whlch started detachlng after 6 mln of exposure; by the end of the 10 mln exposure most larvae had detached. It was observed, however, that many larvae were stlll allve more than 5 hours after exposure in the collectlng nets. 3-2- Carbosulfan 25u W/W mlcro-emulsion (Batch 15-1881 o Thls product ls a thick emulslon whlch sank as droplets to the bottom wlthout mlxlng in water, and stayed at the bottom. However, when glven a vlgorous shaklng at mixed well with water, forming a flne off-yellow coloured solution, wlth a layer of foam floating on the surface. The solution remained stable for at least 24 hours. The results of 2 tests (Table 1) show that the "r".ud" LCSO was 0.0011 mg,/Lxl0 min, and the average LC95 O.@57 mglLxl0 mln (Flg. 2). Exposed larvae were strongly lrritated within a few mlnutes of exposure, glvlng the lmpression that the formulation acted more by contact than by ingestion. Both young and mature larvae detached wlthin 3 to 4 minutes of exposure and most had detached into the collecting nets by the end of the 10 min exposure period. Again, it was observed that many of the larvae were still alive in the nets 4 to 5 hours during the holdlng period. 3-3. Carbosulfan 12? W'W micro-emulslon (Batch 15-l78Bl It ls a very thick formulatlon but unlike Batch 15-188, thls product settled on the surface of the water and there was a clear-cut separation between water and formulatlon. There was no spontaneous mixing. After shaking, a very clear light-yellowish solution, with slight foaming on the surface, was obtalned. The solution remained clear and stable more than 3 days after preparation. The average Lc50 for the 3 tests was 0'0o18 mg/uxtO min and the Lc95 was 0.0069 mglLxlO min (Table 1 and fig. 3) It also appeared to be acting more by contact from observing the reaction of larvae. There was intense agitation of larvae of all stages, resulting in detachment of 20% of larvae 3 to 4 mlnutes from llorl<t lteelth orgtnlzrtlon - onchocorclrsis control Progreaoo - In.octlcldo R.lcrrt r unlt OCP/Iru/eg.0'lPrgo 5 the start of exposure. At the hlgher concentratlons, all larvae had detached at the end of the 10 mln exposure. 34. Carbosulfan 25I EC Thls is the operational formulation used by OCP. It mixed spontaneously in water, forming a whltish emulsion which was stable for more than 3 days. The LCSO of 0.0023 mg/LxlO min and LC95 of O.OO84 mg,/Lx1o mln were superior to those of the 30S micro-capsule formulation, but were about the same as for the 25X and 12S micro-emulsions (Table 1 and Fig. 4). The exposure to the operatlonal formulation did not result in immediate detachment of larvae ln troughs. A few larvae started detaching only after I mln of exposure, suggesting that lngestlon has a more important role than contact. 3.5. Aoed solutlons of 25I mlcro-emulslon and 3()f, mlcrocapsules. Mother solutlons of the 25% mlcro-emulslon and 3Ox mlcro-capsule formulations were kept tor 24 h and used for later tests (Flgs. 5 and 6). The LCSo and LC95 values (Table 1) show that while the 255 mlcro-emulslon was three times less efflcient (O.OO55 and 0.O153 mglLxl0 min), the 30X mlcro-capsule formutatlon retained the same level of efficacy (0.0137 and 0.0335 mg/LxlO mln). These results indicate that the micro-capsule formulatlon provldes a more stable carbosulfan solution. c 4. DISCUSSION The trough tests performed in Soubr6 showed that the micro-emulslon formulatlons have the same level of efficacy as the current operational formutatlon, whlle the micro-capsule formulatlon is 5 to 12 (lmes less efflcient. Slnce many larvae drifted and remained alive for several hours, and since the drlfted larvae are counted as dead ln the standard protocol, lt may be concluded that the new formulatlons are ln fact less toxlc to S. damnosum larvae than the operatlonal formulation. In comparison, wlth most other larvicides detached larvae die wlthln 2 h of exposure, suggesting a toxlc effect due mostly to lngestion of the lnsectlcide (Kurtak et hl. 1987). But the strong irritant effect of the new formulations is an lmportant characteristlc; there ls an hypothesls that most tarvae that drift in the river eventually die, partly because they follow the insectlclde-treated mass of water. If the lrritant effect is selective for S. damnosum larvae, the new formulatlons are an improvement over prevlous ones; thls can be tested by gutter tests wlth non-target fauna. The stability of the micro-capsule formulatlon might be a factor for a longer carry in river conditions, provlded that the particulate nature of this formulatlon does not increase the loss of lnsecticide through physlcal trapping or sedimentation of the particles. The low density and stability of the 12% micro- emulsion might also improve the carry of carbosulfan, with the restrlction that a density close to that of water is necessary for good mixing at the point of application. The carry performance of the new formulations has to be evaluated in small-scale river tests, in parallel with operational carbosulfan, in order to fully assess their potential advantages. torld Hcrlth Orgnnlzrtlon - Onchoc.rclrilt Control Programe - Ins.ctlcld. Rerarch Unlt 5. CONCLUSION AND RE@MMENDATTONS The new formulatlons of carbosulfan proposed by FMC are clearly different from the current operationa! one because of their irrltant effect on S. damnosum larvae. The level of efficacy of the micro-emulsions is about the same as for the operatlon al 25% EC, but the micro-capsule formulation ls less efflcient. As tested by IRU, only the 12I micro-emulsion presents acceptable physlcal characterlstlcs for rlver use. It is therefore recommended that further trough tests, gutter tests on non- target fauna, and small-scale river tests be performed by IRU/OCP to further evaluate the potentlal of new carbosulfan formulations. 6. LITERATURE CITED Kurtak, D. 1986. Operatlonal trlal of Carbosulfan (OMS 3022, MarshalR, 25O g/L Industrial lot OO19). IRU Report 2/86, 5 pp. Kurtak, 0., H. Jamnback, R. Meyer, M. Ocran and P. Renaud. 1987. Evaluation of larvlcldes for the control of Simulium damnosum s./, (Diptera: Slmullidae) ln West Africa J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 3: 201 -210. Renaud, P., and D. Kurtak. 1987. Evaluation of larvicides against larvae of Slmullum damnosum s.l. ln West Afrlca: Carbosulfan (ptarshalR). IRU Report 6/97, 7 PP. ocp/IRU/89.0a * Prgo G. 3 -l I-llorl<t Horlth orgsnlzrtlon - onchoc.rclr.is control ProEramlc - Ins.cticidc R.Eeerch unlt ANNEX ocP/rRU/69. Or Pego 7 OCP PROTOCOL FOR CLOSED-CIRCUIT TROUGH TESTS BRIEF DESCRIPTION. Thls rcthod, nhich Hes dcvcloped for oCP by 0r. H. Jaonbeck, iE ba6ed on a 3yst.o thet he end ]lr. R. Gauglcr uaed cxten3iv.ly in Neu York State. It has be€n further modifi€d by the OCP InBecticid€ Re- acarch Tcam in Loe, Togo. Larvae coll€cted in the field ar€ alloHed to ettach on a rsmovablc plate lyinE ln thc bottqn of a trough yhcrc rater i3 rccircqlat€d by a puop. The plat. lB trrnafemcd to e iocond trough xh.re the inBecticide has alr€acty been mixed into th€ recirculatlng ietcr. Aftcr tO rlnutca thc plrto la tmnrfemcd to . third trough xith clern rrator. l{ortrlity ls countcd rfter 2a llour3. TECHNICAL OETAILS. The trot€h3 u!.d rr. cqt3tructcd of rlu.iniui rnd printad uhita. Thc trought rro 80 cn long, 15 cr rl<tr rnd I cr d.op. Thcy ro cloeed et the upper end. At thc loilcr ond, a conatrlctlon or llP, 15 cr long, 8.8 c. rida rnd 2 cr <tccp 13 rttsched. A rc.ovablc rctrl plrto r.at3 ln thc bottc of thlt llp. ilatcr ls pLltpcd lnto thc clorcd cnd of the trough end floirs ov.r thc plrt ln thc llP into r ratarvolr, to bo rspirrt.d by thc punp rgain. Soall clectric centrlfugal pllpi rlth e dlachffgc of rbout 22 L/[in ar. uiod, rnd thc vclocity of n8ter ovcr thc rttactmnt plat. ls .bo{Jt 70 c./4. For thc rttrclrrcnt .rld obceryrtion ty.t.ra, the rea.rvolr is r Plrstlc rrst -btrck.t holdlng 60 L of iatar. For tho expo3urc ayatom, e tO L cnatrelFare pot i6 u8cd la a ro3crvolr to rcducc tho uount of ln8€ctlcide no.d.d. Riv.r xeter ia ured et .ll Bt.9e8 for routinc testB. Its ch.rlct.riatica(teop.r.turc, Dll, turbidity .nd conductlvity) .r. leasur.d .nd trctcd. Lrvrc rr. coll.ct.d by rcnoving their n tur.l .upport. frd the rivcr. Thcy ar. tmnBportcd ln plratlc brg. plrced ln rn lccbox. Car. l. t.kcn to .eprat. the l.rvre fror thc lc. by a leyer of frcsh lcrvcs or grrtE. Although th. cquipm.nt can be uB.d at th. rivcrsidc uBing r port.blc Enrlcm- tor, thl! typ. of tcBt lB uBually done ln a laboratory rhtch oay be 8t aoote dittrncc frqr thc col- l.ctlng Polnt. Th. vca.trtlon nlth the .ttachcd larvec la pl.ccd ln thc rttectmcnt trough. Th. larvr. natu- r6lly lceve th. vagctttlon to .c€k . stroriEcr curr.nt and thua lttrch to thc plat. of thc lip, ihich he3 thc hlgtr3t voloclty ln the troqgh. The l.rvae 8rc left lo? 21 h to antur. firi attrchrcnt. Lrr- vr. rhlch puptt. durinE thi3 pcriod arc elimineted just b.?or. cxpoaurc. Thc pl.tc usuelly conteint rbout IOO natura larvra end tovertl hundrcd young lervae. Thc lrrvlclde for.ulrtlon3 rre .pproprietely dtlutcd t ith diatlll.d r[t.r ifin.dtrtely prior to tho t.3t. Tlr. quentlty ncccaaffy for thc loneEt cotEcntretlon 13 .dded by pipctt. to th€ rcs.rvolr of thc oxpo3ur. trough rlth tlr prrp running. Thc in..cticldc i3 .llotrcd to run for 5 rin to obtrln r unlforn dleperlrl. Adclltionel ln8€ctlcide iB added to the !ryno systcr to obtsln tho hlghcr conccntrl- tlona in e toctr .arlca. The plrt frdt thc rttrchoent trough is nor carcfully liftcd out end placcd in the .xposurc trough for r d.fln d pcrlod, u3ullly lO n{n- Lrrvlc d.trchlng durlng thc expoaure perlod .rc cought ln a net attlched to thc lip of tllc trough. A?tor tho axposura pcrlod the pletc end the nct .rc tnnBfcrred to e holding trough. At tho and of r 2{ h obaarvrtion pcriod, thc dgtsch€d larvae ln thc nat, a3 r,cll a8 any d,eed onca atill et- tech.d to th. pl.t. erc prcaervect ln alcohol for counting. A ftrst collcction ir gencrelly rad€ 2 h aftcr oxpoaura rlncc rcrat lervre d€tech in this period and thc ltrvec [tay d.cdlposc if le?t deed too long. Ths livlng lrvae rro killod r,ith hot xrtcr and alco prc€.rvcd in rlcoho'llhfotrcountlng. The numbar of gxp9Fcd, llvlng, rnd d€ad larvae is eat.blishad saprrataly for 0ntur. (65'r-7sr' in3tare) and young (irat-bch) lervee. Larvac cxporad to ineecticide and Pupating during thc teBta ar€ not count€d Cxccpt for tlrO Control rrhere thcy lre includ€d in the nuobcr Eurvlving. The uiutl conforartlon of r te8ta iB a rangc of 5 concantrationa and an untreated control tith 2 rcpllcrtca at aech conccntrttion. Percent mortality is crlculated et a8ch concontration and the corrcentmtlo,n/oortellty rcletion ie catebli6hcd by probit rnrlysis. Rcport IRU 8S.04 ' 24h-old.olution Tablo 1. @mparatlve reeulb of bloaasrye utth carbculfan tormulaflone. Temperaturc: 25 - 2€.5'C 9H:7.2-7.3 FORMUIATION TEST CODE Turbl- dlty (Jru} Conduc- ttvlty 06) % MORTATITY FOR MATURE TARVAE (N) mg/Lxl0'cporur 0.0156 0IIB123 0.qE6 0.015 o.c6 cL50 (m/L) ($ofrc.l.) Ctr05 (mdL) (050fr c.l.) Nbr of Tcete CARBOSULFAN 30016 W/W micro-caPaule WW(Lot 16-030) T89-r7 T89-20 25- 35 94.3- 1@ 2.43 (7@) 32.9 (7e4) 77.4 (@0) 0.0163 (o.at39 - o.om) 0.0389 (0.02co - 0.6$) 2 CARBOSULFAN 25%WrW micro-emulaion Wrw(tot l5-t88) T89-r8 rgsr-21 'u, 25- 35 94.3- t08 e? a3.P, 8n.o(18) (115) 9!i.8(tlt5l 00.8(328) 99.8(305.) 0.0011(0.0010 - o.Nt3) 0.0057 (0.@s2 - 0.w) 2 CARBOSULFAN 12%WrW mlcro-cmulclon n ^V(tot t5-17881 T89-10 T@-2, T8e-25 %- 3ti 04.3- 108 39.0 81.6 (687t 02.5 (17"3) ca.2 (n50, r@.0 (170)(@0) 0.@t8 (0.0oto - 0.00?3) 0.0069(0.N5- 0.0@9) 3 CARBOSULFAN 25%EC (lnd.l T88-17 T88-3lt T87-34 8- % 88- lr3 2e.7 (@81 89.,1 (1127) 91. t (233t 99.0 (15fi1 0.0023 (0.0017 - 0.$30) 0.0084 (0.@03 - o.0135) 3 CARBOSULFAN' 3006 wrw mfio-capeulc Wrw(tot 1H36) T89-23 25- 35 94.3- 108 2.6 (32) 47.4 (95€'l 83.3 (527) 0.0137 0.0335 I CARBOSULFAN' 25% w/W mlcro-emublon ww(tot 1s-rryL T80-2't 25- 35 94.3- r08 59.1 (550) 90.3(eq 99.4@27) 0.0055 10.005t - 0.00591 0.0t53 (o.ot12 - 0.0t67) 1 Flg. l t 1i OEGF =CHI-2 =Probabi 1 ity : r'{ETER - T-VALUE: GFAC = TITLE: 9UBTITLE: 0oB€ unlts:Control : -1.538 < < -1.1580.029 ( < 0.070 -1.857 < < -1.6980.ota < < o.020 S.E.b = 0.163 LOC OOSE ( tn ttCzL , RESULTS OF PROEIT ANALYSIg 5 iterationB ctII-2 CRITERI9N = 0.1HETEROGEIIOUS OATAloc LO99 = -1.25356 -1.419 < ( -0.922-- r-6gg = 0.0557?5 0.038 ( < 0.120 loo LO95 : -1.t1O945 - LD95 : 0.038953 :o r.785?1. ol 6379 a:b= I 2. 8064.372 LO50 L050o9 t nt€rcept sloPo I t16. 1t0 o. 000 r r aa< 2. 780 0. 124 CAREOSULFAN KOPERAGUI R. t,lo/L0.o r (FHC) 30r W/W MICROCAPSULE BATCH 16-036 sAssANoRA O9lr0.08.89 i OATA TRANSFORMS I! r Loc coRR. coan. PREo. cttr-gQ.i oBs. DosE oEAo pRoBrr PRoBrr cotlrRr8. -1 .602 -r .602 -t .903 -t.903 -2.201 -2.20a OOSE TESTED DEAD CORR. PERC.OATAI I 2 3 1 5 6 at.0 o o. 0. 0. ozs o. 025 r. Ol 25 .01 25 00625 00625 322 26G 308 220 333 138. 461 122.147 t8.302 0. 266. 9 220.1 r38.I r22.9 t8. 7 o.5 5. 950 5.570 a.791 1.377 3. 2sO 2. 063 5.803 5. EO3 a. '1871.187 3. t71 3. 1?t 3. 08 9. 96 20.17 3. 04 0.34 9.51 I 6 7 7 E 2 82. 71 . at. 26. 3. 0. I a 9 9 ? 5 e2.?t. 26 3 o 9 6 7 7 8 2 :Fpg6ulrfi (Frc) 3€r: (l/u mcRocRFEULt BQTCH 16-036 k@EeAOJI R. SASsArOee 09/te.@.89 =o I\ n c ,I I I ? 6 J 1 3 o a 10 , ? -6 -4 I ti 1 Flg.2 {+. .t r. ': 't o RESULTS OF PROBIT ANALYSIS a it€ratlona CHI-2 CRITERION = 'log Lo99 = -L099 = o log LD95 = -LD95 = o a-b= loo LDSO : -2.9rt298 -3.008 ( < -2.889.-- LOsO = O.O01140 0.001 ( < 0.001 1.95t5a -2.011 < < -1.879 .o11180 0.010<<0.o13 2.21198 -2.280 ( < -2.199 .o05728 0.OO5<<O.006 1 l .9062.346 S.E.b = 0.131 LOG OOSE CORR. DEAO o.1 GORR. PROEIT PREO. PROBIT cHr-30. COOITRIB CORR. PERC. i nt€rcept aloPe OEGF =CHI-2 =Probabi I ity : H:TE E t-VAL(JE: GFAC : o.025 o. ol 25 r. O0625 . 00625 003 I 25 .001 56 OATA TRAIISFORI.IS 1 2.471 0. 649i.c,l_ 1 .96i c.012 TITLE: CAREOSULFAII SUBTITLE:K@ERAGUI R. OoBe units:MG/LControl : O.O t (F].rC) 25: H,',u l.lICRC-EtIULSION BATCH 15-188 'sAssAr{oRA 9/ 10. 08. 89 OOSE TESTEO OEAO : oBsOATA a a -6 I 2 3 a 5 G 0 0 0. o 305 304. 326 325. e28 890. a87 46a.4il5 3?3. a29 271. 7. g'tO 7.gGr 0. 7,t8 6. 683 5.990 5.340 8 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 ? 5 3 6 99.8 -1.602 30a.599.8 -1.903 325.5 96.O -2.20a 890.795.. -2.20. 464.583.9 -2.505 373.363.3 -2.807 271.6 II 0 tl 9 3 99 99 96 95 83 63 21 51 0a 28 28 l1 o I 0 o o o ta6 tl,tO 73t ?34 o27 319 I ? CAReGJLFAH (FilC) a:Z uill t4tcRo-Erulslol BATCI{ 15-188 KmERmUt p. sASsiloRA 9,'10.(I}.99 I "r9 i ie5 I -9€ i I : .ize I I iC'4 ::-F-' I *t IIt I 'rl 6 J 3 2 1 a -4 0 LCC t('9E i :n tCrL , 6RESULTS OF PROBIT ANALYSIS a itarationB CHI-2 CRITERION : 0.1 HETEROGE]IOUS DATAloc L099 = -1.91970 -2.060 < < -1.681 - LO99 = 0.012O30 O.OO9 < < 0.021 Lo9 109 o9 5=-i5=O b= log 1050 1050 2.15906 -2.259 ( < -2.005 .006933 0.006<<0.010 = -2.73679 -2.886 < < -2.639 = 0.oo1833 0.oo1 < ( 0.002 12.7922.847 3.E.b = 0.098int€rceptalope OEGF :CHI-2 =ProbaE,ility: HETER =T-VALUE= GFAC = TITLE: CARBOSULFAN SUBTITLE:KOPERAGUI R O,o!c units:HG,/LControl : O.O I OOSE TESTEO a79 a78.885 87 271 921 522 280 505 182 630 2t wlw M.E. (Fr{c) SASSANORA 9/ 10/11 . 08. 89 : oATA TRANSFORUS i : LoG coRR. coRR. PRED. cnr-so. : oBS. OOSE OEAO PROBIT PROBIT @ilTRIB. .23r .374 .374 i .87288 000 696 360 08r 0 2 2 o OEAO CORR. PERC.OATAI I 2 3 1 5 6 7 8 9 0. 025 o. 01 25 o.01 25 o. 0062s o. 00625 0.0062s 0.o03125 0.o03125 0.001 56 2?O. 81 512. 269. 403. 1 52. 212. 9 -r .602 o -1 .903I -1 .9031-2.2012 -2.2011 -2.2018 -2. 5057 -2. 5055 -2.807 a78. 5 876. O 270. 58tl.o 512.5 269. 9{o3. 1 152.4 242. 4 I 7 7 6I 6 5 5 4 99 99 99 88 98 96 79 83 36 5 6 5 I 5I 1 1 4 51? 517 517 660 660 800 16 q o77 320 90a r78 092 798 835 984 707 I 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 a 9 oI I 2 1I 7 5 99 99 99 88 98 96 79 83 38 0. t'f o. t9 r .50 45. 85 rE.59 3.77 7 .17 8. 1{ 3. 38 CARBCSULFAII 12'Z UIU N.E. (FIT) xop€nAcul R. SFSSAHDRA fu 10,/r1.08.€9 I 7 6 j 1 h 3 2 :1 -ac -6 -.1 3 LCG CfSt . :n ttiri , ..ri.6rJl;E+*-. ;ftiffi1 Flg.tf RE$IILTS OF PROEII AIIAI.YSIS 5 iterrtions loo 1099 : -1.8{316 - t099 : 0.01{319 IIERI0II : I HETEROGEIIOUS OI .t TT Cl,ll.z CR -2.01 0.0r0 r .516 028 l((-( ( 0. oo 1095 - 1095 : -2.07308 :0.008{51 loo 1050 : -2.62801 - 1050 : 0.002351 -2.r8r ( 0.002 ( ( 0 0 -2.520 .003 i ntercept slope l2.l 2.9 90 6{ -2.199 ( ( -t.868 0.000 ( ( 0.0r1 0s.E.b t:!: 9r771 r{r63 r0609 {3068 ?83r8 3{tr? r8633 8,122 8.ofi 0.037{ 99 8.09r 0.0{t 0.0r60 99 r.29I 8.0{r 36.{83r 98 7.303 t.ll9 0.?8il 99 6.897 6.250 33.I32{ 9I 6. r{r 6.256 2.602r 8I 5.980 6.256 il.8121 83 1.671 {.170 8.59t3 3r 1.r05 t.t70 ll.226{ 20 0 -t.002 556 0 -r .602 500I -t.002 rst| -r .903 23t 1-2.20t 531I -2.201 {?3I -2.20{ 279 3 -2.807 il8 2 -2.801 65 r08.26 0.00 t5.16 2.36 0. r0 55r 557 r0050r 50t r00t62 15t 98233 23 r 99 553 53r 97 5r r r73 8r 333 219 83316 r 18 37322 65 20 I 9 0 I 0 0 OEGF CHI.2 Probabilitv llETER T-YALUE CFAC 025 025 025 r25 5 5 5 6 6 0062 0062 0062 00r5 00r5 EC r0T ' 00t9 t7. T88.35. I8t.rr OITT TRAilSFORIIS I 08s roc coRR. coRR. PRE0. Cflt-SQ. CoRR. OOST OEAO PROEIT PROEIT COIITRIE.PERC. II TTE SUSTIITE 0ose units Control I r023 90r38 OOSE IESTEO OEAO I 2 -6 CRR0oSULFnil ztz EC LoI r 0019 rmcRmJt: TtB.t?, T88.35, t87.74 { LOC 00SE ( tn rq71 x lO ttn ) OAIAI I 2 3{t50 c0708090 a 7 6 , .l F ao aro l!g H LJ c( , I 3 e-2 :CARE0SUIFA|| 251 :l(0PEflAGUI: I88. io/t.[ r0 rini -6 5 itorrtlona CHI-2 CRITERION = 0.1HETEROGENOT'S OATA '-r.80?((-2.086 0.016 < < 0.008 ERR ERR ERR ERR S.E.b = 0.195 Ftg.5 OEGF =CHI-2 =ProbabilitY =HETER = -t .3r33? 0. o48598 = -l . t37432 = O.033548 -t .86278 o. ot 37r 5 1 2.888 1.231 1 22.O12 o. oo0 22.O12 log L099 =LO99 = LOg5 L095 LO50 LO50 log log a=b:nt€rcePtaloPc T-VALUE= t2. ?10 GFAC = 7. 587 TITLE : CARBOSULFAN T.IICROCAPSULES SUBTITLE KOPERAGUI R. SASSANDRA 1 1lose un i ts ilG, [- [,ATA TFAUControl 1.1 f ; (FMC) 30: W,/W t{.E. BATC}I t6-036 . 08.89 3 i-r)Rf l--. ir DEAD ! O8S. LOG oosE CORR OEAO CORR. PREO. CHI.SQ PRoCii PRoBit cournii 5.966 6.lOa '1.68a.934 4.829 6.63q.058 3.sss ro.8r CORR PERCOATAt 1 2 3 .39.0 '151 .38.4 OOSE TESTEO o.o25 527o.o125 953o.00625 322 3 1 6 83 17 2 602 903 20a 5 -1. o -1.7 -2. 83 48 3 {40 457 12 1e 5 8 ? 6 , CRRBoSJLFATI IIICR0CRPSJLES (FlC) 30r{ Unr !l.8. BATCH 16{16 K(pERnCU! R. SASStr{DRA 11.08.89 o -4 LOC OGE ( rn ltG/L ) I {ze I ,l 3 a i II .l I I 2 0 I I FlE.6 RESULT3 OF PROEIT ANALYTTIS 3 ltcrrtlons ctII-2 CRITERIOII = loo LDB9 = -1.C3201 - LO99 = O.O23334 roq LD95 = -1.81G19 - LOgs = O.O|52C8 loe LO5O = -2.2GO71 - LO5O = O.OO5186 o.t -1.679 ( ( -1.5?a o.o21 ( < 0.027 -1.8t8 ( < -t.778 o.ot4 ( ( o.ol? -2.296 ( ( -2.23t o.oo5 ( ( 0.006 lntarc.pt rloP. r3.365 3. ?OO l= b= S.E.b = O.213 OEOF =G-HI-2 =ProbebllitY =TIETER =T.VALUE= OFAC = I o.322 o.564 1.O00 r.960 o.ot3 :CAnEOgULFAtl }{ICRO-EIIULSI(}I (Fl,lc) 25I t{/tl tllcRo-E}lt LEIO| EATCII t5- !l(,PERedrI R. SAS8AI{ORA t1.08.E9 :HO^/L ! DATA TRAIISFORTII : l.t t :t-! r L<xl ooRR. ooRR. pREo. ctrr-go. @RR. TEETEO..OEAD ! O8!T. OGIE OEAO PROEIT PROEIT OOITRIB. PERC. c27 C22 99.4 -t.CO2 821.9 7.502 '.a37 0.t? 3g.ac21 soa 90.a -t.903 563.3 G.297 G. 23 o.tC 00.3550 325 59.1 -2.204 322.1 5.2t8 5.209 0.02 5E.G TITLE 8T'BTITLEOor rlrltsGqrtrol DATA , I -6 OOSE 0.o25 o.ol25 o. 00625 2 3 2 I 3 2 cnn06runfi ilcno-ot tstfi (Rc) 25* r/u ]llcfiFgrrLslol Beru 1,.188kDmcut R. 6e86iloQc tt.s.g!) { LoC oGiC ( in lG/L ) 6 , 1 I I 0