Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): situation report, 169

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Situation Report – 169 Data as received by WHO from national authorities by 10:00 CEST, 7 July 2020 Highlights WHO encourages Member States to invest in and build longer-term health emergency preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic. To support this goal, WHO has published guidance that maps COVID-19 preparedness and response actions; locates relevant supporting WHO resources; and advocates for the conscious and effective allocation of COVID-19 funds to also meet countries’ longer-term needs. A WHO survey has found that access to HIV medicines has been severely impacted by COVID-19. Seventy-three countries have warned that they are at risk of stock-outs of antiretroviral (ARV) medicines as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to the survey conducted ahead of the International AIDS Society’s biannual conference. The WHO Regional Office for America urges countries to continue the fight against malaria during the COVID- 19 pandemic, especially among vulnerable communities. In the Americas, 138 million people live in areas at risk of malaria, and some 765 000 cases and around 340 deaths were reported in 2018. In today’s ‘Subject in Focus’ below we present an update from the WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN) who have been holding a conference on exploring new interventions to tackle the infodemic. Situation in numbers (by WHO Region) Total (new cases in last 24 hours) Globally 11 500 302 cases (172 512) 535 759 deaths (3 419) Africa 382 563 cases (12 635) 7 139 deaths (165) Americas 5 915 551 cases (94 711) 266 736 deaths (1 712) Eastern Mediterranean 1 187 620 cases (16 900) 28 102 deaths (536) Europe 2 809 848 cases (18 688) 200 651 deaths (413) South-East Asia 974 389 cases (26 870) 25 619 deaths (583) Western Pacific 229 590 cases (2 708) 7 499 deaths (10) Subject in Focus: Developing trans-disciplinary science: infodemiology, the science behind infodemic management “We’re not just fighting an epidemic; we’re fighting an infodemic.” WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus at the Munich Security conference, 15 February 2020 Addressing the infodemic, that is, an over-abundance of information on COVID-19 is a crucially important part of responding to the pandemic. On 7-8 April, the WHO Information Network for Epidemics (EPI-WIN) held a two- day, online global consultation to crowdsource ideas on infodemic management from an interdisciplinary group of experts and over 1 300 participants. The meeting produced a WHO framework for managing the COVID19 infodemic and 50 action points, and committed to a follow-up consultation to explore science and evidence for new infodemic interventions, gathering insights and approaches from as wide a range of relevant disciplines as possible. This second scientific consultation opened with a public meeting on 29 June, followed by an invitation-only scientific conference and a series of remote consultations and parallel discussions between expert teams that will run throughout July, ending with a public webinar on 21 July at which the findings of these discussions will be presented (register for the public webinar here). The public meeting generated record-breaking attendance: there were 7 862 total connections to the video conferencing platform on which it was held, with a further 3 300 views of the parallel livestream of the event — over 11 000 connections in total. 11 of the talks are available online, along with the programme and graphic summaries of talks. David Nabarro, WHO COVID-19 Special Envoy, set the tone, emphasizing the importance of empathy during health emergencies and stressing the need to understand individual and community perspectives, and to centre the outbreak and infodemic response on their needs. Saad Omer of Yale University, USA, then highlighted the cognitive aspects of misinformation and what social science research tells us about the best approaches in a “fact-resistant world.” Rustam Haydarov, UNICEF Communication for Development Polio Lead, painted a picture of that resistance in real life, with the sobering example of a real-world infodemic catalysed by a fake video that devastated parents’ vaccine confidence in oral polio vaccine in Peshawar, Pakistan. Harry Sufehmi, founder of Mafindo, a hoax-busting civil society organization in Indonesia, gave an oral history of Mafindo’s 80 000-strong crowd-sourced efforts to fact check and push back against misinformatio. Claire Wardle of First Draft, an organization working to empower people with resilience against misinformation, provided practical tips on how to talk with family members and friends who spread misinformation: “don’t mute your uncles.” In the final session, Catherine Gicheru reflected on Kenya’s COVID-19 infodemic, and how misinformation is only part of the problem: too much information of any kind, if not properly contextualized, can trigger frustration and confusion in the general public. Public trust is built on transparent communication and a media landscape that amplifies accurate information. Finally, Camille Francois discussed the development of an online “cartography” of the infodemic, attempting to understand the channels through which misinformation is spread, and how different social networks offer important clues for infodemic response planning. People joined the meeting from all around the world: in the online polls and Q&A sessions held in parallel with the talks, there were participants from every WHO region and 158 different countries and territories. There was broad professional representation as well, with respondents spread across a wide range of sectors —such participation was encouraging, given how many of the speakers emphasised the crucial importance of a multidisciplinary approach to infodemic response. At the end of the pre-conference, poll results suggested that the consultation had increased listeners’ knowledge of infodemic management. Surveillance Figure 1. Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in the last seven days by country, territory or area, 1 July to 7 July ** **See Annex 1 for data, table and figure notes. Figure 2. Number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, by date of report and WHO region, 30 December through 7 July** **See Annex 1 for data, table and figure notes. Table 1. Countries, territories or areas with reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, by WHO region. Data as of 10 AM CEST, 7 July 2020** Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Africa South Africa 205 721 8 971 3 310 111 Community transmission 0 Nigeria 29 286 575 654 9 Community transmission 0 Ghana 20 085 0 122 0 Community transmission 1 Algeria 16 404 463 959 7 Community transmission 0 Cameroon 14 524 487 342 12 Community transmission 0 Côte d’Ivoire 10 966 722 75 5 Community transmission 0 Kenya 8 067 181 164 4 Community transmission 0 Senegal 7 478 78 136 3 Community transmission 0 Democratic Republic of the Congo 7 431 21 181 0 Community transmission 0 Ethiopia 6 666 280 119 3 Community transmission 0 Gabon 5 743 123 46 2 Community transmission 0 Guinea 5 610 0 34 0 Community transmission 1 Mauritania 4 879 0 130 0 Clusters of cases 1 Central African Republic 4 033 64 52 4 Community transmission 0 Madagascar 3 250 309 33 1 Clusters of cases 0 Mali 2 331 1 119 0 Community transmission 0 South Sudan 2 098 5 40 0 Clusters of cases 0 Malawi 1 818 76 19 0 Clusters of cases 0 Guinea-Bissau 1 790 25 25 0 Community transmission 0 Zambia 1 632 0 30 0 Community transmission 5 Congo 1 557 0 44 0 Community transmission 3 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Sierra Leone 1 547 5 62 0 Community transmission 0 Cabo Verde 1 463 12 17 0 Clusters of cases 0 Benin 1 199 0 21 0 Community transmission 6 Rwanda 1 113 8 3 0 Sporadic cases 0 Niger 1 093 0 68 0 Community transmission 1 Equatorial Guinea 1 043 0 12 0 Community transmission 44 Mozambique 1 012 25 8 0 Clusters of cases 0 Eswatini 1 011 23 13 0 Clusters of cases 0 Burkina Faso 1 000 0 53 0 Community transmission 1 Uganda 953 14 0 0 Sporadic cases 0 Liberia 891 17 39 2 Community transmission 0 Chad 872 0 74 0 Community transmission 1 Zimbabwe 734 18 9 1 Sporadic cases 0 Togo 680 0 15 0 Community transmission 1 United Republic of Tanzania 509 0 21 0 Community transmission 60 Namibia 485 73 0 0 Sporadic cases 0 Sao Tome and Principe 401 1 11 0 Clusters of cases 0 Angola 353 0 19 0 Clusters of cases 1 Mauritius 342 1 10 0 Clusters of cases 0 Botswana 314 39 1 0 Clusters of cases 0 Comoros 311 0 7 0 Community transmission 1 Eritrea 215 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 4 Burundi 191 0 1 0 Clusters of cases 3 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Lesotho 91 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 1 Seychelles 81 0 0 0 Clusters of cases 7 Gambia 61 4 3 1 Sporadic cases 0 Territoriesii Mayotte 2 679 11 36 0 Clusters of cases 0 Réunion 550 3 2 0 Clusters of cases 0 Americas United States of America 2 877 238 43 686 129 643 235 Community transmission 0 Brazil 1 603 055 26 051 64 867 602 Community transmission 0 Peru 302 718 3 638 10 589 177 Community transmission 0 Chile 298 557 3 025 6 384 76 Community transmission 0 Mexico 256 848 4 683 30 639 273 Community transmission 0 Colombia 117 110 3 721 4 064 122 Community transmission 0 Canada 105 536 219 8 684 10 Community transmission 0 Argentina 77 815 2 439 1 523 33 Community transmission 0 Ecuador 62 380 422 4 821 40 Community transmission 0 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 39 297 1 226 1 434 56 Community transmission 0 Panama 38 149 1 166 747 27 Community transmission 0 Dominican Republic 38 128 703 804 10 Community transmission 0 Honduras 23 943 1 022 639 10 Community transmission 0 Guatemala 23 248 747 947 27 Community transmission 0 El Salvador 8 027 250 223 6 Community transmission 0 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 7 169 419 64 2 Community transmission 0 Haiti 6 333 39 113 0 Community transmission 0 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Costa Rica 4 996 375 19 1 Clusters of cases 0 Paraguay 2 456 29 20 0 Community transmission 0 Cuba 2 380 8 86 0 Clusters of cases 0 Nicaragua 2 182 0 83 0 Community transmission 5 Uruguay 956 1 28 0 Clusters of cases 0 Jamaica 732 4 10 0 Clusters of cases 0 Suriname 604 21 14 0 Clusters of cases 0 Guyana 273 1 15 1 Clusters of cases 0 Trinidad and Tobago 133 2 8 0 Sporadic cases 0 Bahamas 104 0 11 0 Clusters of cases 21 Barbados 98 1 7 0 Clusters of cases 0 Antigua and Barbuda 68 0 3 0 Clusters of cases 4 Belize 30 0 2 0 Sporadic cases 2 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 29 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 19 Grenada 23 0 0 0 Clusters of cases 41 Saint Lucia 22 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 3 Dominica 18 0 0 0 Clusters of cases 24 Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 0 0 0 No cases 1 Territoriesii Puerto Rico 8 585 669 155 0 Community transmission 0 French Guiana 5 054 141 20 4 Community transmission 0 Martinique 249 0 14 0 Clusters of cases 2 Cayman Islands 201 0 1 0 Clusters of cases 4 Guadeloupe 184 0 14 0 Clusters of cases 2 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Bermuda 146 0 9 0 Sporadic cases 16 United States Virgin Islands 112 1 6 0 Clusters of cases 0 Aruba 105 1 3 0 No cases 0 Sint Maarten 78 0 15 0 No cases 3 Turks and Caicos Islands 48 1 2 0 Clusters of cases 0 Saint Martin 44 0 3 0 Sporadic cases 2 Curaçao 25 0 1 0 No cases 6 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 13 0 0 0 No cases 72 Montserrat 11 0 1 0 No cases 84 British Virgin Islands 8 0 1 0 No cases 52 Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba 7 0 0 0 No cases 42 Saint Barthélemy 6 0 0 0 No cases 98 Anguilla 3 0 0 0 No cases 94 Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1 0 0 0 No cases 90 Eastern Mediterranean Iran (Islamic Republic of) 243 051 2 613 11 731 160 Community transmission 0 Pakistan 234 509 2 691 4 839 77 Clusters of cases 0 Saudi Arabia 213 716 4 207 1 968 52 Clusters of cases 0 Qatar 100 345 546 133 5 Community transmission 0 Egypt 76 222 969 3 422 79 Clusters of cases 0 Iraq 62 275 1 796 2 567 94 Community transmission 0 United Arab Emirates 52 068 528 324 1 Community transmission 0 Kuwait 50 644 703 373 5 Clusters of cases 0 Oman 47 735 1 557 218 5 Community transmission 0 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Afghanistan 33 384 320 920 33 Clusters of cases 0 Bahrain 29 821 454 98 1 Clusters of cases 0 Morocco 14 379 164 237 2 Clusters of cases 0 Sudan 9 894 127 616 8 Community transmission 0 Djibouti 4 822 30 55 0 Clusters of cases 0 Somalia 3 006 9 92 0 Sporadic cases 0 Lebanon 1 885 12 36 0 Clusters of cases 0 Yemen 1 294 25 346 7 Community transmission 0 Tunisia 1 199 11 50 0 Sporadic cases 0 Jordan 1 167 3 10 0 Clusters of cases 0 Libya 1 046 57 32 5 Clusters of cases 0 Syrian Arab Republic 372 14 14 1 Community transmission 0 Territoriesii occupied Palestinian territory 4 786 64 21 1 Clusters of cases 0 Europe Russian Federation 694 230 6 368 10 494 198 Clusters of cases 0 The United Kingdom 285 772 352 44 236 16 Community transmission 0 Spain 251 789 1 244 28 388 3 Clusters of cases 0 Italy 241 819 208 34 869 8 Community transmission 0 Turkey 206 844 1 086 5 241 16 Community transmission 0 Germany 196 944 390 9 024 8 Clusters of cases 0 France 159 568 834 29 831 23 Community transmission 0 Sweden 73 061 1 642 5 433 13 Community transmission 0 Belarus 63 804 250 429 6 Community transmission 0 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Belgium 62 058 42 9 774 3 Community transmission 0 Netherlands 50 602 36 6 119 1 Community transmission 0 Kazakhstan 49 683 1 109 264 4 Clusters of cases 0 Ukraine 49 607 564 1 283 21 Community transmission 0 Portugal 44 129 232 1 620 6 Community transmission 0 Poland 36 155 205 1 521 4 Community transmission 0 Switzerland 32 230 46 1 685 0 Community transmission 0 Israel 30 055 819 331 1 Pending 0 Armenia 29 285 349 503 12 Community transmission 0 Romania 29 223 250 1 768 18 Community transmission 0 Ireland 25 531 4 1 741 0 Clusters of cases 0 Azerbaijan 20 837 513 258 8 Clusters of cases 0 Austria 18 326 57 706 0 Community transmission 0 Republic of Moldova 17 906 92 598 10 Community transmission 0 Serbia 16 420 289 317 6 Pending 0 Denmark 12 878 46 607 1 Community transmission 0 Czechia 12 566 51 350 2 Clusters of cases 0 Uzbekistan 10459 316 38 3 Clusters of cases 0 Norway 8 930 35 251 0 Clusters of cases 0 Kyrgyzstan 8 141 450 99 7 Clusters of cases 0 Finland 7 257 4 329 0 Pending 0 North Macedonia 7 124 78 346 5 Clusters of cases 0 Tajikistan 6 262 49 53 0 Pending 0 Bulgaria 5 914 174 250 4 Clusters of cases 0 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 393 0 193 0 Community transmission 1 Luxembourg 4 542 20 110 0 Clusters of cases 0 Hungary 4 189 6 589 0 Community transmission 0 Greece 3 562 43 192 0 Clusters of cases 0 Croatia 3 220 69 113 0 Sporadic cases 0 Albania 3 038 74 81 2 Clusters of cases 0 Estonia 1 994 1 69 0 Clusters of cases 0 Iceland 1 866 3 10 0 Community transmission 0 Lithuania 1 841 5 79 0 Community transmission 0 Slovakia 1 765 1 28 0 Clusters of cases 0 Slovenia 1 716 16 111 0 Clusters of cases 0 Latvia 1 127 3 30 0 Sporadic cases 0 Cyprus 1 004 1 19 0 Clusters of cases 0 Georgia 958 5 15 0 Sporadic cases 0 Andorra 855 0 52 0 Community transmission 18 Montenegro 841 60 14 0 Clusters of cases 0 San Marino 713 0 42 0 Community transmission 17 Malta 672 0 9 0 Sporadic cases 3 Monaco 99 0 1 0 Sporadic cases 30 Liechtenstein 85 1 1 0 Pending 0 Holy See 12 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 61 Territoriesii Kosovo[1] 3 660 195 69 4 Community transmission 0 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Isle of Man 336 0 24 0 Pending 46 Jersey 320 0 31 0 Community transmission 2 Guernsey 252 0 13 0 Community transmission 65 Faroe Islands 187 0 0 0 Pending 74 Gibraltar 179 1 0 0 Clusters of cases 0 Greenland 13 0 0 0 Pending 39 South-East Asia India 719 665 22 252 20 160 467 Clusters of cases 0 Bangladesh 165 618 3 201 2 096 44 Community transmission 0 Indonesia 64 958 1 209 3 241 70 Community transmission 0 Nepal 15 964 180 35 1 Sporadic cases 0 Thailand 3 195 0 58 0 Clusters of cases 1 Maldives 2 491 23 12 1 Clusters of cases 0 Sri Lanka 2 078 2 11 0 Clusters of cases 0 Myanmar 316 3 6 0 Clusters of cases 0 Bhutan 80 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 1 Timor-Leste 24 0 0 0 No cases 74 Western Pacific China 85 345 25 4 648 0 Clusters of cases 0 Philippines 46 333 2 079 1 303 6 Community transmission 0 Singapore 44 983 183 26 0 Clusters of cases 0 Japan 19 981 206 978 1 Clusters of cases 0 Republic of Korea 13 181 44 285 1 Clusters of cases 0 Reporting Country/ Territory/Area Total confirmed cases Total confirmed new cases Total deaths Total new deaths Transmission classificationi Days since last reported case Malaysia 8 668 5 121 0 Clusters of cases 0 Australia 8 586 137 106 2 Clusters of cases 0 New Zealand 1 186 2 22 0 Clusters of cases 0 Viet Nam 369 14 0 0 Clusters of cases 0 Mongolia 220 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 7 Brunei Darussalam 141 0 3 0 No cases 60 Cambodia 141 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 8 Fiji 19 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 1 Lao People's Democratic Republic 19 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 85 Papua New Guinea 11 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 11 Territoriesii Guam 293 13 5 0 Clusters of cases 0 French Polynesia 62 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 9 Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the) 31 0 2 0 Pending 4 New Caledonia 21 0 0 0 Sporadic cases 27 Subtotal for all regions 11 499 561 172 512 535 746 3 419 Other* 741 0 13 0 Not applicable - Grand total 11 500 302 172 512 535 759 3 419 **See Annex 1 for data, table and figure notes. Technical guidance and other resources – To view all technical guidance documents regarding COVID-19, please go to this webpage. – Updates from WHO regional offices – WHO AFRO – WHO PAHO – WHO EMRO – WHO SEARO – WHO EURO – WHO WPRO – Research and Development – Online courses on COVID-19 and in additional national languages – The Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP) outlining the support the international community can provide to all countries to prepare and respond to the virus – WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard – Weekly COVID-19 Operations Updates Recommendations and advice for the public – Protect yourself – Questions and answers – Travel advice – EPI-WIN: tailored information for individuals, organizations and communities Case definitions WHO periodically updates the Global Surveillance for human infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) document which includes surveillance definitions. Definition of COVID-19 death A COVID-19 death is defined for surveillance purposes as a death resulting from a clinically compatible illness in a probable or confirmed COVID-19 case, unless there is a clear alternative cause of death that cannot be related to COVID-19 disease (e.g. trauma). There should be no period of complete recovery between the illness and death. Further guidance for certification and classification (coding) of COVID-19 as cause of death is available here and here. Annex 1: Data, table and figure notes Caution must be taken when interpreting all data presented. Differences are to be expected between information products published by WHO, national public health authorities, and other sources using different inclusion criteria and different data cut-off times. While steps are taken to ensure accuracy and reliability, all data are subject to continuous verification and change. Case detection, definitions, testing strategies, reporting practice, and lag times differ between countries/territories/areas. These factors, amongst others, influence the counts presented, with variable underestimation of true case and death counts, and variable delays to reflecting these data at global level. The designations employed, and the presentation of these materials do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. Countries, territories and areas are arranged under the administering WHO region. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. [1] All references to Kosovo should be understood to be in the context of the United Nations Security Council resolution 1244 (1999). In the map, number of cases of Serbia and Kosovo (UNSCR 1244, 1999) have been aggregated for visualization purposes. Counts reflect laboratory-confirmed cases and deaths, based on WHO case definitions, unless stated otherwise (see Country, territory, or area-specific updates and errata), and include both domestic and repatriated cases. Other*: includes cases reported from international conveyances. Due to the recent trend of countries conducting data reconciliation exercises which remove large numbers of cases or deaths from their total counts, WHO will now display such data as negative numbers in the “new cases” / “new deaths” columns as appropriate. This will aid readers in identifying when such adjustments occur. When additional details become available that allow the subtractions to be suitably apportioned to previous days, graphics will be updated accordingly. Prior situation reports will not be edited; see covid19.who.int for the most up-to-date data. Additional table notes i Transmission classification is based on a process of country/territory/area self-reporting. Classifications are reviewed on a weekly basis and may be revised as new information becomes available. Differing degrees of transmission may be present within countries/territories/areas; classification is based on the highest category reported within a country/territory/area. Categories: • No cases: with no confirmed cases • Sporadic cases: with one or more cases, imported or locally detected • Clusters of cases: experiencing cases, clustered in time, geographic location and/or by common exposures • Community transmission: experiencing larger outbreaks of local transmission defined through an assessment of factors including, but not limited to: large numbers of cases not linkable to transmission chains; large numbers of cases from sentinel lab surveillance; and/or multiple unrelated clusters in several areas of the country/territory/area • Pending: transmission classification has not been reported to WHO ii “Territories” include territories, areas, overseas dependencies and other jurisdictions of similar status. Country, territory, or area-specific updates and errata • None