Coordination meeting economic development Unit : first meeting Ouagadougou, 15-16 - October 1984: an approach for the socio-economic impact study of the oncho programme in the protect zones (project prepared by ECO (JBZ))

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION ORGANISATION MONDIALE DE LA S/iNTE OIOHffiIIIC l,\S IS C Or ITROL PILOGRr4Ji'm -- ir'r rrm voLTA RrfER BASrI{ /\nEA COORDINITIOI{ }MTIrc ECOI']O1'rIC DEVE LOP}itri{T UMIT First meeting Or:a.qa.dorrgou" 15-'l'6 Oclqber 1984 ANAPFROACHITORTIIESOCIO-ECOI{O],f,CI}PACTSI,uDYOFTHEO}ICHOPR0GRA}048 IN TIIE PROTICTtrD ZOi'ES (mo5ect prepared' bv ECO ('tlz)) APPROACHFOiIflft]SOCI0-ECCNO},iICIuP,lcTSTUDY0FT[mOIICHOPROGRAT,T,E IN flm IR.OffiC'ED zol$S (project prepared by ECO ('lsz)) r oil.flc II\IE [heaimofthisstudyistotrytofindananswertothetermsof reference of devolved- upt,n the Economic Developrnent Unit of the Onchocerciasis Control Progamrie. It is a question of anallrsirrg th,cro:ghlg the chaqqes withinthePrograilulEarea.fheevaluationofthesechangescanbed'onetakirg into account the following elements : f ) f,ana occuPation bY the Peasants Z ) fana develoPment 1) Liv:'ng and working conditio.ns 4) Special conditions of the states within the zone Thisstud.ywi]lhaveattaineditscbjectivejfitproposed.pratical suggestions on a mod-eI for the rational use of liberated- lands for the economies of the Pa'rticipating Countries' 1r. gITI{ODOr,OGY Beforepresentirrgthemethod.ologyproposeditisnecessarytobring outa]lthe.fifficu]tiesthatoneencountersinapostevaluationexercice. T'l:e d-ifficulties are explained in part by the existence of an i-rnporta;rt mass of diverse data, the collection of which has not always been motivated. by the objectivesofthisstud;..(rt,isisthecaseoftheclataonthesample vi}1a31es of VCU/,]1,I), ,Itre risk that exists in an attempt to use these d-ata foro.bhermeanscanbeseriousandd.angerouE.tllrisitisa,d.visableand this d_esprte some arguments against (cost, length of tine of realisat'ion) to establish a basis by sampre survey enabling us to implement the recomren- d.ation of the last csa concerning the socio-economic d'evelopment in the protected.zonesoastoprovidea,suitablesofutiontothemainpro+:lems thatareposedbytheeva]-uationofthesocio-economicimpactofthe Prosrarnme (see OCP/CSA/I9 point 1l)' -2 - This will give us a se:ries of information (and ind.ications) rrhich will be upd,ated from tin'e to ti:re' Unfortunatelysincenoupdated.]-istofthecultivatorsr,rithin.r,he Progra.nr,eareaj-savailableitisnecessarytoprepareonebefored.ecidingon the sample crrlti-yations to be fol]-owed. i{ov'rever in order to minimise ope]?a- tional costs, sampling will be done a.i; h^ro djfferent levelg' f) - at the first level the Prjmary Units (P'U') se'llctca fromalistofvillageshavingthesanecharacteristicsoftheOnchozone in the serection cf sample-vi11a6es will concern only the villages with rural vocation taking into consideration the a6aicul-tr:ra1 and' agxo-ind'ustrial predomirranceofprojectsandactionsundertakeninthezonesprotectedfrom onchrcerc iasis ' Inpracti.ca].tenus,arla]]eashallbedefinedasruraljfithasless than].0OOinhabi.bants'Basedonthedataofvil}a6esvrhichhelped'inthe e].abo::ation of the PAG report, r/rotrr of the total rnrmber of villages in each vill-age will be retained' i'e' a total of about 241 villages' 2)- unit (s.u. ) At the second leveI, the criteria for the selection ofa s666nCary is the number of active people in each exploitation' Ineachvilla6ethereforewillbeselectedanavera$e,b:gand"small a6ricultural exPloitat ion' fhe proposed- approach could atterapt the follcnuirg 2 t) - ccverrulent actions =;------- 1.1. Inventory of projecis completed' and in the course of execu-b ion 1.2. 'fi4e of Projects t !.1. EYal-uation of allforest galleries ln4. E\raluation of the need's in land for the listed trrojects 1.5. EValuation of displ-aced populations (d.ifferent aspects of the projects) culbivable land and the liberated- This will enable us to Prepa;re economic impact of the Oncho Proigamme analysis having been d-one accord-ing to -1- 2 wqs 1:r cf avaluatirrg thc sccio- in the divers types of migration i;he the foIlor^rirrg P1an. 1.6. EValua-tion of socio-economic real-i'sations 1.5.1. Health (w"-ter, health cenl:':es " ' ) 1.5.2. Soc iaI (electricity, education) . L.6.3. Ec onomic z ) - Ag!le!e-el-!Ee-Pels13!:el:-eeBesr!99 2.1. Census of the populai;ion of the sample villages 2.2. lYpes of migration (spontaneous/organised ) 2.2.1. Mode of l-ancl mcuPation 2.2.2. I'IobilitY 2.2.1. ftcploitations/ini;e'gration of the peasant in his new rnilieu, cultivationry perf orinancet equipment, integration of livestock ?-.2.4. Relations with tha surroundings 2.3. Analysis of the resettlement exercice 2.4. Conclusion and suggestions' i-;""t.r I -- *_"J ocP l- -*d suggestio';:s I I I1 Programre t< \ dens'fy popula-'\ tea plains r (*,"i.,) \ oncho zone //\ 1 Indicator \i Oncho zone I .---- t,spontane ous.i lndaca-EoI \-(out of Oncho\ i zone) of the I d.er:sly popula-' ted. plains i Standarcl treatment -4- 1st tlrpe sggg3Iig-9.!tri}levaluateLheind.icato::sretainedinbheaTea'iorrtofthe zone,, in the heavily popu1ated' unorganised plains' Pgl*:ig-l.Evaluationoftheinc'-icatcncsofthearea'OrtoftheOrphozone" in the plains of, organised migration sggB:ie.?. Evaluation of, the ind'icators retained. in the Programire area, but ofspontaneousmigrantsuithoutanysupervisionorspecifj.c action from the Governrnents' scenario l. Eraluation of 'che inrlicatons retained' in the fuog'ramre zone with organised. migration by tire Gcnrernmenis around specific lrojects' Thistypeofappnoach,althoughinterestirrgjsd.ifficulttocoreby in the rrrograrnme anea. In cerbain }.articipating Countries the a::ea 'rOu't of the Oncho zone,, is either almost inexistent (Ourtina lO % of the territcry) or so d.ifferent from the clirnatic and. migratory view points that scenario 0 cannot be correctlY evaluated. 2nd. hrpe Asecorrdhrpeofscenariocanbeapplied.inthesocio.econom-icstud"y of vi11a6es in certain zones, all of lrhich are in the Progranux3 ar€a' Here the selection j-s d.one takirrg into account on one b'and' the existing pop:lation (urban or:,,ra1 character) and on tire other the clistance between the populationandthenearestriver,thisisthemaj-npreoccupationofthe Pro6Sramme.,Ihisclassofvillageswi,c]r-:;heezceptionofscenariosOand.l will have the sarne resttlernent cltarapteri'stics as before' frre villagps of scenarios o and. 1 will be d.efined. as belonging to a densely populated- zone just neighbo:rirrg the zones of the selected- valleys and constitutirel scenarios 2 and. 1. \,/e could then bring forrard. the folloring elements z l/ frhe impact of techni-ca1 superrision, the use of inp:ts' living stand.ards 2/ The impact of the quality of land's thus protected' jsuggro, r Organised- mi{pation va11e5rs Developqeqb. _te&-l.sl of the oqcho Pto#a,nry1 Spo:rtane ous villages and valleye \ I Spontaneous migration plains Synthesis of the other two brlrgg together the elements linked. to the Iand. tech- nology, supervi- s ion Elements lini<ed. - to the quali'cY of the protecte{ land and to the - structure of agricultural exploitatiors tElements i Organised. migration linked. to thequality of supervi-sion - use of iniiuts - inrlroved- technology - ecluiprrent fnd-ications on - the specJfic differences between the valleys and. plains and - struciure of 4gricul-buraI exploitations Performance of the pea- sants on the plains linked. to - the wil1 of the mipants and their - motivations Villages of spontane ous nigration plains iOrganised. tivillages and- valleys I tnAications onI - tt" qualitYOrganised. I of organisa- resettlement I tion Spontaneous uri6ration I I I i I I I I I I -6- Thissecondapproachappearstobemoreapprolxi.btefclrtheevaluation ofthesocio-economieimpactofthePro8rammetenyears.afteritslaunching. ft enables us to solve a vely imporianb trroblerc posed' j'.e' the preparation of the report on the s@i-o-economic impact of the oncho Programre in the protected. zones. A shrdy dorre at the village 1evel (fst aegre P'U') can prorid.e elements for the appraisal of the situation whilst a more thorrough stpd.y d.one at the level of the agricultr:ra] exploitations (see tirnetable above ) will give mo::e precise inf crnation' In a.d-d-ition, thJ-s aplroach can be used to prepare the evaluation of, the socioeconomio impact of the Programne in the western extension zone by simp\r modifying the questionnajre already prepared' an6 proposed' ( OCP/LCC/ 84.F.08-1). Thisrethodologya.d.aptsperfectlytotheneed.sortireccmstlaints of the unit. The stud.y can be done at two 1eve1s for a study programre in the western extension zone and for the realisati'on of remote-sensing operat iors or photo-interp::etation Ad-aPtation to tire c on'straj:Ibs: Inord.ertorespectthed.ead.-]ine,Decemberlg15forthereporton the socio-economic imFact, to make a study using only the villa8e samples whilst pzeparirg the cond-itions for a suruey at the leve1 of the exploitations in 1g86 or after this second stage taking on cartographic studies. Adapta'Lion to the westemex-Lension Proprarc 'v/ith a sljght mod.ificatj.on of the draft questionnaLre, the apmoach lroposed. could allor for the preparation of the good follow up of the s@io-econonic impact j-n this zone, -7 - Adap tqLl.on t> Je m-ote:s-q ns-itli In its second phase, this rethod.ology can be used. as a technical support in remote sensing or photo-interpretation. It can be used in land verif icationo IIf " l^iilAT ABE qE 2.IFFI-CULTIES -po Simj{0lir[I ? If this answess the problem posed. by ECO this nlethod' will give the expected. resuLts only if together we try to understand. the notion of organised. village (lxesence of supervisors, % of peasants under supervision,