Contraception within the context of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive lives: country profile: Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe Contraception within the context of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive lives: Country profile SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS Both Sexes Female Male 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years Total population of adolescents (millions)1 (2020) 3.6 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 % of total population that are adolescents1 (2020) 24.0 12.3 10.6 13.6 11.5 % of adolescents that live in rural areas2 (2014) 73.1 75.0 67.1 76.8 73.2 % of total rural population that are adolescents2 (2014) 24.6 12.4 10.7 13.7 12.5 % of total urban population that are adolescents2 (2014) 18.9 9.3 11.8 8.0 8.9 % national monetary child poverty3 (2017) 78.0 Completion rate for lower secondary school4 (2015) Female 73.0 Male 72.2 Completion rate for upper secondary school4 (2015) Female 11.1 Male 14.5 Out of school rate4 (2013) Female 34.7 Male 29.4 CHILD MARRIAGE/UNION STATUS5 (2019) Female Male Adolescents, 15-19, who are married/ in union (%) 21.2 0.7 % married/in union before age 15 (aged 20-24) 5.4 0.0 % married/in union before age 18 (aged 20-24) 33.7 1.9 SEXUAL ACTIVITY5 (2019) Female Male 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years % of adolescents engaged in pre-coital physical behavior No data No data No data No data % of adolescents that ever- had sex No data 33.7 No data 27.7 % of adolescents having had sex by age 15 No data 3.2 No data 5.5 % of adolescents sexually active in the last month6(2015) No data 17.7 No data 5.4 FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION 10-14 years 15-19 years % of girls who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting No data No data CHILDBEARING % of adolescent girls who have begun child bearing6 (2015) 10-14 years No data 15-19 years 21.6 % of women (aged 20-24) who gave birth before 18 years5 (2019) 24.1 Number of births per 1,000 girls, 15-197 (2019) 71.7 % of adolescent girls (aged 15-19) with live births who received antenatal care (ANC4+ visits)5(2019) 70.9 % of births among girls (aged 15-19) attended by skilled health personnel5 (2019) 89.0 GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE5 (2019) % of girls who report experiencing: 10-14 years 15-19 years Physical violence in the last 12 months No data 9.4 Sexual violence in the last 12 months No data 2.6 % of adolescents (aged 15-19) who think a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife in certain circumstances6(205) Female Male 53.5 48.9 ABORTION 10-14 years 15-19 years Abortion rate per 1,000 girls No data No data FERTILITY INTENTIONS & CONTRACEPTIVE USE6,7 (2015) % of most recent pregnancies experienced by adolescent girls aged 15-19, including current pregnancies by planning status Married/ In union Unmarried/ not in union Last pregnancy wanted (<2 years) 64.6 36.2 Last pregnancy wanted later (>=2 years) 35.0 58.0 Last pregnancy not wanted at all 0.4 5.8 % of adolescent girls (aged 15-19) with an unmet need for modern methods of contraception 12.6 39.6* % of sexually active unmarried adolescent girls (aged 15-19) who currently use at least one method of modern contraception 38.7 Current use and non-use of contraception, 15-19 years 8 (2015) Contraceptive method mix, 15-19 years 8 (2015) Main reasons for not intending to use contraception, 15-19 years 8 (2015) Main sources of contraception, 15-19 years 8 (2015) 54.2 44.9 0.9 75.8 24.2 0.0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Not using Modern method Traditional In Union Not in Union 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Union Not in Union Implants/norplant Withdrawal Injectables Condoms IUD Pill 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% In Union Not in Union Private hospital/doctor/clinic Pharmacy/supermar ket/friend/workplace Mission hospital/clinic Rural/village health center Government 73.0% 16.0% 3.0% 3.0% 1.0% Not having sex Not married Other Infrequent sex Knows no source Not in Union 29.6% 24.1% 21.9% 8.4% 7.4% Infrequent sex Not having sex Breastfeeding Religious prohibition Other In Union WHO/SRH/20.28 © World Health Organization 2020. 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For more information, please contact: Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research; E-mail: srhavp@who.int Website: www.who.int/health- topics/adolescent-health/ HIV/AIDS, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STIs) AND HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) Female Male 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years 10-19 years 10-14 years 15-19 years Number of adolescents living with HIV9 (2020) 48,000 19,000 29,000 37,000 19,000 18,000 Number of new HIV infections among adolescents per year9 (2020) 4,400 No data 4,400 1,100 No data 1,100 % of adolescents with comprehensive knowledge about AIDS6 (2015) No data No data 41.4 No data No data 41.4 % prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents6(2015) No data No data 10.3 No data No data 10.3 % of sexually active adolescents who had an HIV test in the last 12 months and received the results5 (2019) No data No data 69.7 No data No data 35.6 % of girls, 15 or older, who have completed the full three dose vaccination schedule for HPV No data No data No data No data No data No data MENSTRUAL HEALTH5(2019) 10-14 years 15-19 years % of adolescent girls who were aware of menstruation before the onset of their first menstruation No data No data % of adolescent girls who did not participate in social activities, school, or work due to their last menstruation in the last 12 months No data 21.9 DATA SOURCES 1. World Population Prospects, 2019 Revision. Population data. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Available from: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ [Accessed 17th October, 2019]. 2. United Nations. World Urbanization Prospects, the 2014 Revision. New York: United Nations; Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division; 2014. 3. Keeley B, Little C. The State of the World’s Children 2017: Children in a Digital World. UNICEF: New York; 2017. 4. UNESCO Institute of Statistics. UIS Statistics. Available from: http://data.uis.unesco.org [Accessed 23rd September 2019]. 5. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) and UNICEF. Zimbabwe Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019, Survey Findings Report. Harare, Zimbabwe: ZIMSTAT and UNICEF; 2019. 6. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency and ICF International. Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2015: Final Report. Rockville, Maryland, USA: Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) and ICF: 2016. *Unmet need for modern methods of contraception for girls not married/in union is for the proportion that are sexually active in the last month. 7. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects. Fertility data- 2020-2025. Available from: https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Fertility/ [Accessed 30th October 2019]. 8. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency and ICF International. Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2015/ ZWIR71FL.DTA. Rockville, Maryland, USA: Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency (ZIMSTAT) and ICF: 2016. 9. UNAIDS. Trends of new HIV infections. Available from: http://aidsinfo.unaids.org [Accessed 9th October 2020].