MYANMAR (2007) Indicators for Global School Personnel Survey % 14.2 12.0 6.3 11.3
NEPAL (2007) % 4.6 3.7 0.8 3.4
SRI LANKA (2007) % 4.9 1.1 0.8 1.1
THAILAND (2009) % 3.7 2.3 0.6 2.0
TIMOR-LESTE (2009) % 6.7 2.9 1.4 1.8
Technical notes and definitions Article 20-22: Scientific and technical cooperation and communication of information
Total CI 12.0–16.6 8.5–16.7 4.2–9.5 8.0–15.9
% 66.7 57.2 36.4 54.8
Male CI 60.1–72.8 50.6–63.6 28.9–44.7 48.7–60.6
Female CI 2.9–7.0 2.6–5.4 0.4–1.9 2.4–4.9
% 37.7 27.1 17.0 21.4
Total CI 30.6–45.3 22.5–32.2 12.4–22.7 17.2–26.3
% 48.5 35.8 22.3 28.3
Male CI 39.7–57.3 29.7–42.4 15.9–30.4 23.2–34.1
Female CI 2.1–11.1 0.2–5.3 0.1–6.2 0.2–5.3
% 16.2 7.5 4.6 4.9
Total CI 13.1–19.8 5.4–10.3 3.5–6.2 3.1–7.8
% 48.9 20.5 14.6 11.9
Male CI 38.7–59.2 13.8–29.4 10.6–19.7 6.0–22.2
Female CI 2.5–5.4 1.4–3.9 0.2–1.7 1.1–3.6
% 23.1 10.8 9.2 5.2
Total CI 20.8–25.7 8.7–13.4 7.3–11.6 3.7–7.2
% 55.5 26.6 24.6 11.8
Male CI 51.1–59.8 21.6–32.1 19.8–30.1 8.1–16.9
Female CI 4.8–9.2 1.6–5.0 0.7–3.1 1.0–3.2
% 47.3 36.1 40.1 3.9
Total CI 41.0–53.7 29.3–43.5 33.4–47.2 1.8–8.7
% 66.7 49.4 57.6 3.8
Male CI 58.2–74.2 39.7–59.2 46.7–67.8 1.0–13.1
% 7.3 6.3 5.7 4.4
Female CI 2.6–18.9 2.1–17.5 1.8–16.8 1.2–15.2
Tobacco use Ever smoked cigarettes Current tobacco users Current cigarette smokers Currently using tobacco other than cigarettes Ever used tobacco on school property in the past year School personnel Smoked on school property in the past year Teachers Administrators Percentage of school personnel who are Teachers Administrators Schools should have a policy prohibiting tobacco use among Students School personnel Schools have a policy in place that prohibits tobacco use among Students School personnel Article 12: Education, communication, training and public awareness Schools enforce a policy on tobacco use among Students School personnel Schools have a policy declaring it tobacco-free School personnel Knowledge: smoke from others is harmful School personnel – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 98.2 97.4–98.7 96.8 95.0–98.0 98.8 98.1–99.3 73.9 64.2–81.7 73.3 59.9–83.5 73.9 64.9–81.2 77.9 73.6–81.6 67.7 56.6–77.0 79.7 75.9–83.1 63.7 51.6–74.3 60.9 48.9–71.7 72.3 54.3–85.1 57.4 49.3–65.1 59.9 49.7–69.2 56.6 47.9–64.9 – – – – – – – – – – – – 99.4 96.2 98.1–99.8 94.0–97.6 98.8 92.6 92.6–99.8 86.4–96.1 99.5 96.8 98.6–99.8 94.7–98.1 96.4 88.7 93.0–98.2 85.0–91.6 96.2 87.0 92.3–98.2 82.7–90.3 97.1 93.9 91.8–99.0 87.8–97.0 75.9 76.2 67.8–82.5 69.2–82.0 81.3 82.8 72.7–87.7 71.5–90.3 73.7 73.5 64.9–81.0 66.9–79.2 99.6 – 99.1–99.9 – 99.7 – 99.2–99.9 – 99.6 – 98.7–99.9 – 69.1 – 55.9–79.7 – 69.4 – 55.3–80.6 – 69.3 – 46.7–85.3 – 98.5 89.8 97.0–99.2 86.8–92.2 97.0 84.8 92.3–98.9 77.7–89.9 98.7 90.7 97.4–99.4 87.9–92.9 84.8 80.0 80.0–88.6 74.9–84.3 82.8 78.1 78.0–86.8 71.3–83.6 90.7 86.3 81.7–95.5 78.6–91.5 71.7 62.3 65.1–77.4 53.1–70.6 76.3 67.4 70.0–81.6 54.9–77.8 69.7 60.1 61.6–76.7 50.8–68.7 91.0 82.3 89.0–92.7 79.8–84.6 89.0 81.0 85.3–91.9 77.5–84.0 92.1 83.0 90.0–93.7 80.0–85.7 92.2 68.5 87.6–95.2 59.0–76.7 92.8 69.5 87.5–95.9 56.1–80.2 90.3 64.3 79.1–95.8 52.4–74.7 98.8 98.4 96.3–99.6 97.5–99.0 93.9 99.2 79.8–98.3 97.1–99.8 99.7 98.3 99.4–99.9 97.2–99.0 98.5 94.1 96.9–99.2 88.3–97.1 98.0 93.8 95.8–99.0 88.8–96.7 100.0 94.8 – 78.7–98.9 92.0 91.0 90.4–93.3 88.5–93.0 92.4 91.2 88.1–95.3 86.9–94.2 91.9 91.0 89.7–93.6 88.4–93.1 96.8 95.8 95.7–97.6 94.5–96.7 96.1 93.5 93.6–97.6 90.9–95.4 97.1 96.9 96.1–97.9 95.7–97.7 88.5 87.8 82.2–92.8 80.5–92.7 87.6 85.3 80.8–92.2 76.2–91.3 90.0 93.2 77.6–95.9 82.6–97.5 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 94.5 5.5 93.5–95.4 4.6–6.5 86.9 13.1 84.9–88.8 11.2–15.1 98.3 1.7 97.5–98.9 1.1–2.5 85.9 14.1 80.2–90.1 9.9–19.8 83.7 16.3 76.5–89.0 11.0–23.5 90.3 9.7 81.2–95.3 4.7–18.8 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 8.3 16.6 6.8–10.1 9.2–28.1 21.6 20.1 17.0–27.1 11.1–33.7 2.4 2.4 1.0–5.5 0.9–6.5 23.9 40.5 16.8–32.9 23.6–59.9 35.2 36.4* 23.8–48.6 18.2–59.5 0.3 56.7* 0.0–2.8 13.9–91.4 5.4 3.0–9.4 27.8 17.7–41.0 1.3 0.8–1.9 7.3 4.5–11.5 9.0 5.4–14.7 1.9 0.6–6.4 1.8 1.3–2.6 3.0 1.4–6.3 1.1 0.6–1.9 8.8 7.3–10.5 21.4 17.3–26.2 2.4 1.0–5.4 26.2 19.1–34.9 35.4 24.1–48.6 5.8 1.9–16.2
The Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) is a school-based survey of administrators, teachers and school personnel intended to collect information among these professionals. It will help Member countries to monitor tobacco control efforts and to better school personnel training regarding tobacco control. Also, GSPS can be used to evaluate the implementation of the provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control regarding training and awareness among school personnel. GSPS is composed of a core questionnaire designed to gather data on tobacco use, knowledge and attitudes of school personnel toward tobacco, existence and effectiveness of tobacco control policies in schools, and training and materials available for implementing tobacco prevention and control interventions. This document presents data from school personnel employed in schools. Ten Member States of the WHO South-East Asia Region participated in the survey and provided data from 2006 to 2009. GSPS has the following domains: l l l l l n
Prevalence of tobacco use among school personnel. Attitudes and knowledge of school personnel towards smoking. Facilities and support available for smoking cessation. Role and perception of school personnel toward cessation. Tobacco curriculum in schools.
The GSPS indicators are categorized by domains and then coupled to the related Articles of the Framework Convention, thus providing contextual information. All related indicators are grouped according to their domains. However, Member States were free to adapt the questionnaire according to their needs and resources. Hence, a dash (-) in a cell denotes the absence of certain indicators in those countries. Percentages reflect the prevalence of each indicator in each group, and not the distribution across groups. * (star) indicates an estimate based on a sample size (n) less than 35 individuals. CI refers to 95% confidence interval.
n
n n n
Definitions of Indicators: School personnel Current cigarette smoking Current use of tobacco products other than cigarettes Support for a ban on smoking Knowledge Tobacco education in schools Training for school personnel n
School personnel refer to teachers and administrators who were employed by a participating school during the survey. School personnel who smoked cigarettes on at least one day during the month preceding the survey. School personnel who used tobacco products other than cigarettes on at least one day during the month preceding the survey. School personnel who reported that they support a ban on smoking for students and school personnel. School personnel who knew about the harmful effects of smoking and a policy that prohibits tobacco use in schools. School personnel who responded "yes" to having been trained in preventing tobacco use among youth. School personnel who thought specific training is required to prevent tobacco use among students.
Had access to teaching-learning materials on tobacco use among youth and its prevention School personnel Ever received training in preventing tobacco use among youth Teachers School personnel – 32.1 – 26.0–39.0 – 23.4 – 13.8–36.8 – 33.7 – 26.9–41.3 – 12.6 – 8.6–18.1 – 12.3 – 8.3–17.8 – 13.5 – 7.6–22.9 – 8.4 – 6.2–11.4 – 12.0 – 8.2–17.1 – 6.9 – 5.1–9.3 34.6 35.6 31.0–38.4 32.2–39.1 41.1 42.5 36.1–46.2 38.1–47.0 31.6 32.0 27.6–35.9 28.3–36.1 19.6 19.5 12.9–28.7 12.8–28.5 18.0 16.3 10.7–28.5 9.6–26.4 19.2 23.4 10.0–33.5 13.1–38.3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 45.9 43.1–48.7 45.7 41.7–49.7 46.0 42.5–49.6 47.6 37.8–57.7 43.2 33.5–53.5 55.4 39.3–70.5
n
The WHO FCTC Indicators: Global School Personnel Survey, 2006–2009
n
n
Schools have nonclassroom programme for students on prevention of tobacco use School personnel Concerned about tobacco use among youth School personnel Schools included the prevention of tobacco use in their curriculum – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 82.8 80.1–85.2 80.2 76.2–83.6 84.2 81.0–87.0 50.5 40.9–60.1 49.7 39.0–60.4 55.4 42.6–67.5 77.5 69.8–83.6 71.4 61.2–79.8 78.6 71.0–84.6 45.0 39.4–50.7 41.5 32.5–51.0 56.0 46.1–65.4 43.3 33.6–53.5 50.4 39.6–61.1 40.4 30.4–51.3 73.1 69.5–76.3 72.3 66.6–77.3 73.5 70.1–76.7 48.3 36.1–60.7 43.3 27.1–61.1 58.3 39.3–75.2
n
n
n
School personnel Specific training to help students avoid tobacco use is needed School personnel
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
82.7
79.3–85.7
81.5
76.4–85.7
83.3
80.1–86.1
29.9
22.6–38.4
24.9
16.2–36.2
38.8
23.2–57.1
Acknowledgement: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta for their technical and financial support.
78.9
75.1–82.2
77.0
67.3–84.4
79.3
75.2–82.8
93.2
90.3–95.2
92.0
87.9–94.8
96.6
92.8–98.5
63.5
56.6–69.9
68.0
60.0–75.1
61.9
54.1–69.2
83.2
81.2–85.0
80.1
76.3–83.4
84.8
82.7–86.6
90.9
85.5–94.4
89.0
82.0–93.5
95.0
84.0–98.6
BANGLADESH (2007) Indicators for Global School Personnel Survey % 60.0 37.8 23.4 25.0
BHUTAN (2009) % 12.5 12.2 3.4 10.5
INDIA (2006) % 31.2 11.7 11.1 1.6
INDONESIA (2009) % 2.7 13.7 2.4 12.5
MALDIVES (2007) % 6.3 2.5 2.1 0.9
Total CI 51.9–67.5 30.9–45.2 18.2–29.6 19.5–31.5
% 71.2 43.7 28.2 28.1
Male CI 63.4–78.0 35.9–51.7 22.0–35.4 21.6–35.8
Female CI 5.6–25.8 7.0–20.6 0.8–12.9 5.9–18.0
% 40.0 20.5 14.9 9.2
Total CI 35.9–44.3 16.5–25.1 11.9–18.6 6.7–12.5
% 50.8 30.5 18.8 18.8
Male CI 42.6–58.9 23.4–38.5 13.7–25.1 13.7–25.4
Female CI 27.5–35.1 8.0–16.7 7.7–15.7 0.9–2.9
% 15.0 29.2 12.8 23.7
Total CI 13.0–17.2 27.0–31.5 11.1–14.7 21.7–25.9
% 19.9 35.0 16.9 28.0
Male CI 17.2–22.8 32.2–38.0 14.7–19.4 25.6–30.6
Female CI 1.8–4.1 10.6–17.6 1.6–3.8 9.6–16.2
% 31.6 21.3 21.2 2.6
Total CI 27.9–35.6 18.3–24.7 18.1–24.6 1.6–4.2
% 71.9 51.4 51.8 5.2
Male CI 65.0–77.9 43.7–59.0 44.2–59.3 2.9–9.3
Female CI 4.0–9.7 1.4–4.5 1.1–4.0 0.3–2.6
% 28.6 14.5 11.8 6.3
Total CI 24.4–33.3 11.9–17.6 9.0–15.2 4.5–8.8
% 55.6 26.3 24.3 7.2
Male CI 49.7–61.3 21.3–32.0 18.9–30.6 5.4–9.4
% 10.7 6.3 3.2 5.1
Female CI 7.3–15.5 4.1–9.5 1.5–6.7 3.1–8.4
Article 20-22: Scientific and technical cooperation and communication of information
Foreword The WHO FCTC Indicators: Global School Personnel Survey, 2006–2009 reflects the pattern of tobacco use by school personnel, their knowledge of and attitudes towards tobacco. It also examines the schools' policies with regard to tobacco use in the Member countries of the WHO South-East Asia Region. Schools are vital places for the development of positive lifestyles and the behaviours among young people. Attitudes of teachers towards harmful substances such as tobacco have a powerful impact on the minds of young people. Presenting and disseminating the findings of the tobacco survey for school personnel would invariably help school authorities to plan and promote tobacco control activities for their students. The Member States in the Region have conducted the Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) in order to make possible evidence-based policy planning and programme development for tobacco control in schools. It also demonstrates the great commitment that Member States have towards fulfilling their obligations to achieve the provisions of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. It is hoped that the information in The WHO FCTC Indicators: Global School Personnel Survey, 2006–2009 will provide impetus to the tobacco control efforts in the Member countries as it contains useful data on the important indicators of tobacco control. In addition to disseminating the survey findings, this document will offer useful direction to policy-makers and tobacco control managers to frame their activities and programmes effectively.
Tobacco use Ever smoked cigarettes Current tobacco users Current cigarette smokers Currently using tobacco other than cigarettes Ever used tobacco on school property in the past year School personnel Smoked on school property in the past year Teachers Administrators Percentage of school personnel who are Teachers Administrators Schools should have a policy prohibiting tobacco use among Students School personnel Schools have a policy in place that prohibits tobacco use among Students School personnel Article 12: Education, communication, training and public awareness Schools enforce a policy on tobacco use among Students School personnel Schools have a policy declaring it tobacco-free School personnel Knowledge: smoke from others is harmful School personnel – – – – – – 96.4 93.0–98.2 96.2 91.0–98.4 96.5 93.6–98.1 – – – – – – 97.1 95.7–98.1 95.5 92.5–97.3 98.1 96.1–99.1 – – – – – – 49.8 39.3–60.4 47.3 35.8–59.2 61.2 44.2–75.9 – – – – – – 38.1 34.5–41.9 38.7 34.9–42.6 36.7 30.6–43.4 – – – – – – 73.6 66.7–79.5 72.3 61.6–80.9 74.8 68.8–80.1 98.4 96.1 92.5–99.7 92.8–97.9 98.7 96.4 94.4–99.7 92.9–98.2 97.0 95.0 80.5–99.6 80.0–98.9 98.5 – 94.1–99.6 – 97.1 – 82.9–99.6 – 99.5 – 97.5–99.9 – 85.1 – 82.7–87.3 – 84.0 – 81.0–86.7 – 87.8 – 84.1–90.7 – 96.1 93.1–97.8 96.7 92.7–98.5 95.6 91.1–97.9 93.5 77.8 91.3–95.1 73.7–81.5 91.1 76.0 86.5–94.2 71.3–80.2 95.0 79.0 93.6–96.2 73.2–83.8 83.1 65.9 74.5–89.2 55.4–75.1 84.2 67.6 76.2–89.9 56.1–77.2 79.7 58.4 60.2–91.1 42.4–72.8 90.8 73.4 85.0–94.5 68.9–77.4 90.6 70.0 85.3–94.1 65.0–74.5 90.8 76.0 82.8–95.3 68.3–82.3 64.6 55.2 60.8–68.3 51.3–59.2 66.5 56.1 62.7–70.2 52.2–59.9 59.8 53.0 54.0–65.4 47.0–59.0 – – – – – – – – – – – – 93.0 88.7 90.3–95.0 84.3–92.0 91.3 86.9 88.0–93.7 81.7–90.8 94.3 89.9 91.3–96.3 85.0–93.3 97.9 97.0 95.2–99.1 94.2–98.4 97.8 96.6 93.9–99.2 92.7–98.5 98.3 98.4 89.7–99.8 89.3–99.8 95.7 90.7 92.9–97.4 86.8–93.5 93.7 87.4 89.5–96.3 81.7–91.5 97.2 93.2 94.1–98.7 89.0–95.9 94.9 95.2 93.4–96.1 93.8–96.3 94.9 95.9 93.1–96.2 94.1–97.1 95.1 93.7 91.9–97.1 90.9–95.6 95.5 84.9 93.3–97.1 80.0–88.8 92.9 80.2 88.2–95.8 71.3–86.9 97.2 88.0 95.1–98.4 82.4–92.0 96.2 96.0 94.9–97.1 94.7–97.0 95.8 93.5 91.3–98.0 91.1–95.3 96.8 97.7 94.8–98.1 96.3–98.6 – – – – – – – – – – – – 91.8 8.2 89.6–93.6 6.4–10.4 89.8 10.2 83.1–94.0 6.0–16.9 93.9 6.1 91.1–95.9 4.1–8.9 – – – – – – – – – – – – 80.4 19.6 76.7–83.6 16.4–23.3 73.8 26.2 66.9–79.7 20.3–33.1 84.4 15.6 79.7–88.1 11.9–20.3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 9.3 2.3 7.0–12.4 0.5–10.5 15.4 4.1* 10.4–22.4 0.7–19.5 4.4 * 2.9–6.7 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 14.7 24.7 11.7–18.4 16.1–36.0 39.8 44.4 32.4–47.6 29.7–60.2 0.7 3.8 0.2–2.1 1.2–11.7 – – – – – – – – – – – – 16.9 11.8–23.5 20.6 14.6–28.4 1.6 0.2–10.6 8.8 6.6–11.6 14.3 9.9–20.3 4.1 2.7–6.3 25.1 23.0–27.4 30.2 27.5–32.9 11.9 9.5–15.0 16.7 13.6–20.3 41.0 33.8–48.6 1.2 0.6–2.5 3.9 2.0–7.3 4.2 2.4–7.2 3.0 1.3–6.8
This WHO FCTC Indicators: Global School Personnel Survey, 2006–2009 contains Global School Personnel Survey data from ten Member States of the WHO SouthEast Asia Region. The rich data contained in this document will be useful to programme managers, researchers, advocates and any relevant organizations or individuals for generating credible evidence to promote tobacco control measures in the Region. In addition, these data can help the Member countries plan further epidemiological studies.
Had access to teaching-learning materials on tobacco use among youth and its prevention School personnel Ever received training in preventing tobacco use among youth Teachers School personnel – 6.4 – 3.6–11.1 – 5.3 – 2.8–9.8 – 11.1 – 4.2–26.2 6.8 6.9 5.1–9.0 5.0–9.5 7.5 8.0 5.3–10.5 5.2–12.1 6.3 6.1 4.6–8.7 4.4–8.4 – 16.3 – 14.4–18.5 – 17.3 – 14.7–20.2 – 13.9 – 10.7–17.9 18.3 21.3 12.2–26.5 15.0–29.2 15.3 20.3 9.1–24.6 12.8–30.8 19.9 21.8 13.0–29.1 15.3–30.2 – 11.3 – 8.6–14.7 – 10.8 – 7.9–14.7 – 11.7 – 8.7–15.6 – – – – – – 46.4 42.7–50.1 50.4 43.2–57.7 42.7 37.6–48.0 34.4 30.6–38.5 35.0 31.0–39.3 32.9 26.1–40.5 39.1 32.8–45.7 38.6 30.7–47.2 39.8 32.6–47.5 – – – – – –
Schools have nonclassroom programme for students on prevention of tobacco use School personnel Concerned about tobacco use among youth School personnel Schools included the prevention of tobacco use in their curriculum – – – – – – 69.8 66.6–72.8 70.9 64.3–76.7 68.6 64.8–72.2 72.5 69.7–75.1 71.9 68.5–75.2 73.9 69.3–78.1 85.5 82.0–88.4 79.0 71.6–85.0 89.5 85.7–92.3 – – – – – – S EA- To b a c c o - 4 2
45.3
36.2–54.8
47.3
35.3–59.5
38.3
24.0–55.0
81.7
76.8–85.7
80.6
74.0–85.9
82.8
78.4–86.4
34.3
30.6–38.1
33.9
30.1–38.0
35.0
29.2–41.3
25.1
20.7–30.2
22.2
16.3–29.4
26.9
21.0–33.9
58.0
51.6–64.2
61.0
54.2–67.4
56.8
48.6–64.6
Dr Samlee Plianbangchang Regional Director
School personnel Specific training to help students avoid tobacco use is needed School personnel
–
–
–
–
–
–
62.7
57.6–67.5
61.1
55.9–66.1
64.2
57.0–70.8
–
–
–
–
–
–
51.9
46.1–57.6
50.9
44.5–57.3
52.2
44.8–59.6
–
–
–
–
–
–
87.1
74.6–93.9
87.1
77.6–92.9
86.7
54.2–97.3
78.7
75.2–81.9
81.3
74.0–87.0
76.5
72.0–80.4
88.6
85.6–91.1
89.0
85.8–91.6
87.7
83.4–91.0
74.9
69.9–79.4
77.4
71.6–82.3
73.6
65.6–80.4
71.7
68.9–74.4
74.7
71.7–77.5
69.8
65.8–73.5
World Health House Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi - 110002, India Website: http://www.searo.who.int/en/section2666.htm