2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand

2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Last updated July, 2018 Public spending on health³ is determined by the capacity of the government to raise revenues and allocate it to health. Financial protection is measured through two indicators: (1) impoverishment, and (2) catastrophic health expenditure. Impoverishment: Insufficient data Catastrophic expenditure on health: 1.9% of people spent more than 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care¹⁷. A summary measure of essential health services coverage, a composite service coverage index, is used:16 indicators are derived from four main areas of work: (1) reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; (4) service capacity, access and health security. Family planning coverage⁵ Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking behaviour suspected pneumonia⁵ Child immunization coverage (DPT3)⁶ 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 89 91 80 99 Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health Out-of-pocket expenditure³ In most cases, high percentage of out-of-pocket expenditure out of the total health expenditure is associated with low financial protection. UHC services coverage index of essential health services Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth⁴ provides an indication of overall mortality of a country's population. In Thailand, from 2000 (71.1 years) to 2016 (75.5 years), the life expectancy at birth has improved by 4.4 years. Healthy life expectancy⁴ reflects overall health for the country's population. In Thailand, from 2000 (63.4 years) to 2016 (66.8), healthy life expectancy has improved by 3.4 years. Thailand Universal health coverage: At the centre of the health goal The goal of universal health coverage (UHC) is that all people and communities receive the health care they need, without suffering financial hardship. Monitoring UHC requires measuring health service coverage and financial protection (SDG target 3.8). Population (000s)¹ 69 183 Monitoring the health SDG goal: Indicators of overall progress Urban population² 49.2% Poverty³ 0.1% GDP per capita³ (Current US$) 6593.8 Current health expenditure as share of GDP³ 3.8% 2000 2007 2015 2016 0 50 100 Ag e (y ea rs ) 63 67 71 75 Life expectancy at birth Healthy life expectancy FINANCIAL PROTECTION To provide a summary measure of coverage, an index of national service coverage is computed by averaging service coverage values across the 16 tracer indicators.The UHC coverage index ranges from 0% to 100%, with 100% implying full coverage across a range of services. UHC services coverage Index 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 85 UHC services coverage index Latest available data (2010-2017) Out-of-pocket expenditure, as % of the health expenditure (2014) HIV antiretroviral therapy coverage⁷ Insecticide-treated bednets/indoor residual spray coverage for malaria prevention⁸ Access to basic sanitation⁹ (%) Tuberculosis treatment coverage¹⁰ 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 100 69 95 59 Infectious diseases HEALTH SERVICE COVERAGE (ppp < $1.90 a day) This profile provides an overview of the current status of achieving better health towards the 13 targets under the Sustainable Development Goal #3 (SDG3): Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected health-related indicators are presented where data is available. Prevalence of normal blood pressure level in population⁹ Cervical cancer screening Tobacco non-use¹¹ Prevalence of normal fasting glucose level⁹ 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 78 73 91 Noncommunicable diseases Health security: IHR compliance⁹ Density of hospital beds¹², expressed as % of global threshold, 18/10 000 Heath worker density¹³, expressed as % of new global threshold, 44.5/10 000 Access to essential medicines 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 10097 86 Service capacity, access and health security 12% 15.6% ( p < . a day) 15.3% GDP 2015 Estimated total government expenditure, 2015 or latest available year Estimated government expenditure on health, 2015 or latest available year 2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Variation by wealth SDG 3: Health targets Maternal and child mortality (SDG target 3.1, 3.2) Maternal mortality ratio¹⁵ 2000 2005 2015 0 250 500 750 M M R [1 00 0 00 li ve b irt hs ] 25 20 Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵ 2005-2006 2012 2015-2016 0 50 100 10097 99 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 0 50 100 150 M R [1 00 0 liv e bi rth s] 13 7 23 12 Child mortality¹⁶ Children under-five Neonatal Equity: Leave no one behind SDGs emphasis on equity SDG target 17.18 emphasizes the need for disaggregated data. By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts. Variation by residence SDG emphasis on mortality statistics More reliable vital statistics on births, deaths and causes of death from civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems are required for reporting on 14 health-related SDG mortality indicators. Understanding better what people are dying from can lead to stronger health policies and plans, and improve monitoring of the health-related SDGs. 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Sanitation⁹ Rural Urban 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 Pe rc en ta ge Under five mortality⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 Pe rc en ta ge Antenatal care coverage⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Contraceptive (modern) prevalence rate⁵ Quintile 1 (poorest) Quintile 5 (richest) 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Stunting⁵ Variation by education No education Secondary school + Primary school 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Full Immunization⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0.0 50.0 100.0 Pe rc en ta ge 99.599.499.4 Birth registration⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge 100.0 84.9 70.1 Death registration¹⁴ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge 81.0 Cause of death⁴ No Data No data 2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Malaria incidence⁸ 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 5 10 15 20 M al ar ia IR [1 00 0 po p. a t r is k] Total alcohol per capita (age 15+ years) consumption⁴ 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016 0 3 6 9 Li tre s 5.6 8.3 New HIV infections among adults 15 to 49 years⁷ 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0.0 0.2 0.4 H IV IR [1 00 0 un in fe ct ed p op .] Indicators Year Thailand Regionalestimate Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalance among children under 5 years (%)⁴ 2015 0.17 Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases⁴ 2016 64,094 0.70 671,797,672 Communicable diseases (SDG target 3.3) TB incidence¹⁰ 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 100 200 300 400 500 TB in ci de nc e [1 00 ,0 00 p op .] Indicators SDGtarget Year Thailand Regional estimate Mortality between 30 and 70 yrs of age from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases⁴ (%) 3.4.1 2016 14.5 23.1 Noncommunicable diseases and injuries Proportion of married or in-union women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods⁵ (%) 3.7.1 2016 89.2 Adolescent birth rate¹⁷ (per 1000 women aged 15 to 19 years) 3.7.2 2016 51.0 - - Sexual and reproductive health Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.9.1 2016 61.5 Mortality rate attributed to exposure to unsafe WASH services⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.9.2 2016 3.5 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning⁴ (per100 000 population) 3.9.3 2016 0.4 164.0 15.4 1.8 Mortality due to environmental pollution Tobacco use among persons (15+ yrs) and older - Female 3.a.1 2011 8 Tobacco use among persons (15+ yrs) and older - Male 3.a.1 2011 47.2 - - Tobacco use Proportion of the population with access to affordable medicines and vaccines on a sustainable basis 3.b.1 - - Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health per capita⁴ 3.b.2 2016 0.37 - 0.47 Essential medicines and vaccines Health worker density¹³ (per 10 000 population) 3.c.1 2017 38.2 - Health workforce Malaria incidence is calculated for confirmed malaria cases International Health Regulations Core Capacity Index⁴ 3.d.1 2017 97 73 National and global health risks Note: A dash (-) implies relevant data are not available 0.3 0.19 176 172 0.98 1.4 Suicide mortality rate⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.4.2 2016 14.4 Total alcohol per capita (age 15+ years) consumption⁴ 3.5.2 2016 8.3 Mortality rate from road traffic injuries⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.6.1 2013 36.2 13.2 4.5 17 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁷ 2012 2015-2016 0 50 100 150 Ad ol es ce nt b irt h ra te (w om en a ge d 15 -1 9 yr s) 60 51 Female Male Total NCD mortality⁹ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 250 500 750 1000 To ta l N C D m or ta lit y ra te (p er 1 00 0 00 p op .) 2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who are wasted⁵ 2005-06 2012 2015-2016 0 25 50 Pr op or tio n (% ) Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who are stunted⁵ 2005-06 2012 2015-2016 0 50 100 Pr op or tio n (% ) Other health-related SDGs Proportion of population using improved drinking water sources⁴ 6.1 2015 - Proportion of population using improved sanitation⁴ 6.2 2015 - - - Drinking water services and sanitation Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuel⁴ 7.1 2016 74 41 Clean household energy Air pollution level in cities (PM 2.5) (µg/m³) 11.6.2 2016 26.6 57.3 Ambient air pollution Number of deaths by disaster⁴ .. 13.1.2 2012-16 <0.1 0.2 Natural disasters Mortality rate due to homicide⁴ (per 100 000 population) 16.1.1 2016 5 Estimated direct deaths from major conflicts⁴ (per 100 000 population) 16.1.2 2015 0.7 4.1 0.1 Homicide and conflicts Birth registration coverage⁵ 16.9.1 2016 99.5 - Birth registration 18.1 10.5 4.7 5.8 Note: A dash (-) implies relevant data are not available Indicators SDGtarget Year Thailand Regional estimate General government health expenditure as % of general government expenditure⁴ 1.a 2015 16.6 8.5 General government health expenditure Children under 5 years who are stunted⁵ 2.2.1 2015-2016 10.5 Children under 5 years who are wasted⁵ 2.2.2 2015-2016 5.8 Children under 5 years who are overweight⁵ 2.2.3 2015-2016 8.2 33.0 15.2 3.4 Child nutrition Completeness of cause-of-death data⁴ (%) 17.19.2 2007-16 85 10 Cause-of-death data Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who are overweight⁵ 2005-06 2012 2015-2016 0 7.5 15 Pr op or tio n (% ) 8.0 8.2 References 1.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects, the 2017 Revision, 2017. http://esa.un.org/wpp/ -accessed 20 Jun 2018. 2.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision - https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/DataQuery/ - accessed 20 June 2018. 3.World Health Organization. Global health expenditure database. June 2016. http://apps.who.int/nha/database - accessed 20 June 2018. 4.World Health Organization. World health statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva, 2018. http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018 5. Thailand multiple indicator cluster survey 2015-16. Bangkok: National Statistical Office and United Nations Children’s Fund; 2016 (https://www.unicef.org/thailand/Thailand_MICS_Full_Report_EN.pdf, accessed 13 July 2018). 6. World Health Organization. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage: DTP3. Geneva. http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/countries?countrycriteria%5Bcountry%5D%5B%5D=TLS&commit=OK -accessed 20 June 2018.See for DTP3 coverage: a proxy for immunization coverage. 7. UNAIDS 2016 estimates for coverage of people receiving ART. http://aidsinfo.unaids.org - accessed 20 June 2018. 8. World Health Organization. Global Malaria Report 2017. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/ - acessed 20 June 2018. 9. Global Health Observatory: http://www.who.int/gho/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018 10. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2017.Geneva,2017 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516 - accessed 20 June 2018 11. Factsheet 2018: Thailand. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272690/wntd_2018_thailand_fs.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 13 July 2018). 12. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2013. Geneva, 2013. 13. Decade for health workforce strengthening in the South-East Asia Region 2015—2024: Second review of progress, 2018. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2018. 14. CRVS regional action framework reporting 2013-2017. Bangkok: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific; 2018 (unpublished document). 15. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015 http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/ - accessed 9 July 2018) 16. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2015 Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York (NY), Geneva and Washington (DC) http://www.childinfo.org/-accessed 20 June 2018 17. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Fertility Data 2017 http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/fertility/index.shtml - accessed 20 June 2018

2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Last updated July, 2018 Public spending on health³ is determined by the capacity of the government to raise revenues and allocate it to health. Financial protection is measured through two indicators: (1) impoverishment, and (2) catastrophic health expenditure. Impoverishment: Insufficient data Catastrophic expenditure on health: 1.9% of people spent more than 10% of their household's total expenditure on health care¹⁷. A summary measure of essential health services coverage, a composite service coverage index, is used:16 indicators are derived from four main areas of work: (1) reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health; (2) infectious diseases; (3) noncommunicable diseases; (4) service capacity, access and health security. Family planning coverage⁵ Pregnancy care⁵ Care seeking behaviour suspected pneumonia⁵ Child immunization coverage (DPT3)⁶ 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 89 91 80 99 Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health Out-of-pocket expenditure³ In most cases, high percentage of out-of-pocket expenditure out of the total health expenditure is associated with low financial protection. UHC services coverage index of essential health services Life expectancy Life expectancy at birth⁴ provides an indication of overall mortality of a country's population. In Thailand, from 2000 (71.1 years) to 2016 (75.5 years), the life expectancy at birth has improved by 4.4 years. Healthy life expectancy⁴ reflects overall health for the country's population. In Thailand, from 2000 (63.4 years) to 2016 (66.8), healthy life expectancy has improved by 3.4 years. Thailand Universal health coverage: At the centre of the health goal The goal of universal health coverage (UHC) is that all people and communities receive the health care they need, without suffering financial hardship. Monitoring UHC requires measuring health service coverage and financial protection (SDG target 3.8). Population (000s)¹ 69 183 Monitoring the health SDG goal: Indicators of overall progress Urban population² 49.2% Poverty³ 0.1% GDP per capita³ (Current US$) 6593.8 Current health expenditure as share of GDP³ 3.8% 2000 2007 2015 2016 0 50 100 Ag e (y ea rs ) 63 67 71 75 Life expectancy at birth Healthy life expectancy FINANCIAL PROTECTION To provide a summary measure of coverage, an index of national service coverage is computed by averaging service coverage values across the 16 tracer indicators.The UHC coverage index ranges from 0% to 100%, with 100% implying full coverage across a range of services. UHC services coverage Index 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 85 UHC services coverage index Latest available data (2010-2017) Out-of-pocket expenditure, as % of the health expenditure (2014) HIV antiretroviral therapy coverage⁷ Insecticide-treated bednets/indoor residual spray coverage for malaria prevention⁸ Access to basic sanitation⁹ (%) Tuberculosis treatment coverage¹⁰ 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 100 69 95 59 Infectious diseases HEALTH SERVICE COVERAGE (ppp < $1.90 a day) This profile provides an overview of the current status of achieving better health towards the 13 targets under the Sustainable Development Goal #3 (SDG3): Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. 25 SDG3 indicators plus other selected health-related indicators are presented where data is available. Prevalence of normal blood pressure level in population⁹ Cervical cancer screening Tobacco non-use¹¹ Prevalence of normal fasting glucose level⁹ 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 78 73 91 Noncommunicable diseases Health security: IHR compliance⁹ Density of hospital beds¹², expressed as % of global threshold, 18/10 000 Heath worker density¹³, expressed as % of new global threshold, 44.5/10 000 Access to essential medicines 0 50 100 C ov er ag e (% ) 10097 86 Service capacity, access and health security 12% 15.6% ( p < . a day) 15.3% GDP 2015 Estimated total government expenditure, 2015 or latest available year Estimated government expenditure on health, 2015 or latest available year 2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Variation by wealth SDG 3: Health targets Maternal and child mortality (SDG target 3.1, 3.2) Maternal mortality ratio¹⁵ 2000 2005 2015 0 250 500 750 M M R [1 00 0 00 li ve b irt hs ] 25 20 Births attended by skilled health personnel⁵ 2005-2006 2012 2015-2016 0 50 100 10097 99 2000 2005 2010 2015 2016 0 50 100 150 M R [1 00 0 liv e bi rth s] 13 7 23 12 Child mortality¹⁶ Children under-five Neonatal Equity: Leave no one behind SDGs emphasis on equity SDG target 17.18 emphasizes the need for disaggregated data. By 2020, enhance capacity-building support to developing countries to increase significantly the availability of high-quality, timely and reliable data disaggregated by income, gender, age, race, location and other characteristics relevant in national contexts. Variation by residence SDG emphasis on mortality statistics More reliable vital statistics on births, deaths and causes of death from civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems are required for reporting on 14 health-related SDG mortality indicators. Understanding better what people are dying from can lead to stronger health policies and plans, and improve monitoring of the health-related SDGs. 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Sanitation⁹ Rural Urban 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 Pe rc en ta ge Under five mortality⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 Pe rc en ta ge Antenatal care coverage⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Contraceptive (modern) prevalence rate⁵ Quintile 1 (poorest) Quintile 5 (richest) 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Stunting⁵ Variation by education No education Secondary school + Primary school 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge Full Immunization⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0.0 50.0 100.0 Pe rc en ta ge 99.599.499.4 Birth registration⁵ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge 100.0 84.9 70.1 Death registration¹⁴ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 50 100 Pe rc en ta ge 81.0 Cause of death⁴ No Data No data 2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Malaria incidence⁸ 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 5 10 15 20 M al ar ia IR [1 00 0 po p. a t r is k] Total alcohol per capita (age 15+ years) consumption⁴ 2003 2008 2010 2015 2016 0 3 6 9 Li tre s 5.6 8.3 New HIV infections among adults 15 to 49 years⁷ 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0.0 0.2 0.4 H IV IR [1 00 0 un in fe ct ed p op .] Indicators Year Thailand Regionalestimate Hepatitis B surface antigen prevalance among children under 5 years (%)⁴ 2015 0.17 Number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases⁴ 2016 64,094 0.70 671,797,672 Communicable diseases (SDG target 3.3) TB incidence¹⁰ 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 0 100 200 300 400 500 TB in ci de nc e [1 00 ,0 00 p op .] Indicators SDGtarget Year Thailand Regional estimate Mortality between 30 and 70 yrs of age from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases⁴ (%) 3.4.1 2016 14.5 23.1 Noncommunicable diseases and injuries Proportion of married or in-union women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods⁵ (%) 3.7.1 2016 89.2 Adolescent birth rate¹⁷ (per 1000 women aged 15 to 19 years) 3.7.2 2016 51.0 - - Sexual and reproductive health Mortality rate attributed to household and ambient air pollution⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.9.1 2016 61.5 Mortality rate attributed to exposure to unsafe WASH services⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.9.2 2016 3.5 Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisoning⁴ (per100 000 population) 3.9.3 2016 0.4 164.0 15.4 1.8 Mortality due to environmental pollution Tobacco use among persons (15+ yrs) and older - Female 3.a.1 2011 8 Tobacco use among persons (15+ yrs) and older - Male 3.a.1 2011 47.2 - - Tobacco use Proportion of the population with access to affordable medicines and vaccines on a sustainable basis 3.b.1 - - Total net official development assistance to medical research and basic health per capita⁴ 3.b.2 2016 0.37 - 0.47 Essential medicines and vaccines Health worker density¹³ (per 10 000 population) 3.c.1 2017 38.2 - Health workforce Malaria incidence is calculated for confirmed malaria cases International Health Regulations Core Capacity Index⁴ 3.d.1 2017 97 73 National and global health risks Note: A dash (-) implies relevant data are not available 0.3 0.19 176 172 0.98 1.4 Suicide mortality rate⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.4.2 2016 14.4 Total alcohol per capita (age 15+ years) consumption⁴ 3.5.2 2016 8.3 Mortality rate from road traffic injuries⁴ (per 100 000 population) 3.6.1 2013 36.2 13.2 4.5 17 Adolescent birth rate (per 1000 women aged 15 to 19 years)¹⁷ 2012 2015-2016 0 50 100 150 Ad ol es ce nt b irt h ra te (w om en a ge d 15 -1 9 yr s) 60 51 Female Male Total NCD mortality⁹ 2000 2005 2010 2015 0 250 500 750 1000 To ta l N C D m or ta lit y ra te (p er 1 00 0 00 p op .) 2018 Health SDG Profile: Thailand Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who are wasted⁵ 2005-06 2012 2015-2016 0 25 50 Pr op or tio n (% ) Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who are stunted⁵ 2005-06 2012 2015-2016 0 50 100 Pr op or tio n (% ) Other health-related SDGs Proportion of population using improved drinking water sources⁴ 6.1 2015 - Proportion of population using improved sanitation⁴ 6.2 2015 - - - Drinking water services and sanitation Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuel⁴ 7.1 2016 74 41 Clean household energy Air pollution level in cities (PM 2.5) (µg/m³) 11.6.2 2016 26.6 57.3 Ambient air pollution Number of deaths by disaster⁴ .. 13.1.2 2012-16 <0.1 0.2 Natural disasters Mortality rate due to homicide⁴ (per 100 000 population) 16.1.1 2016 5 Estimated direct deaths from major conflicts⁴ (per 100 000 population) 16.1.2 2015 0.7 4.1 0.1 Homicide and conflicts Birth registration coverage⁵ 16.9.1 2016 99.5 - Birth registration 18.1 10.5 4.7 5.8 Note: A dash (-) implies relevant data are not available Indicators SDGtarget Year Thailand Regional estimate General government health expenditure as % of general government expenditure⁴ 1.a 2015 16.6 8.5 General government health expenditure Children under 5 years who are stunted⁵ 2.2.1 2015-2016 10.5 Children under 5 years who are wasted⁵ 2.2.2 2015-2016 5.8 Children under 5 years who are overweight⁵ 2.2.3 2015-2016 8.2 33.0 15.2 3.4 Child nutrition Completeness of cause-of-death data⁴ (%) 17.19.2 2007-16 85 10 Cause-of-death data Prevalence of children under 5 years of age who are overweight⁵ 2005-06 2012 2015-2016 0 7.5 15 Pr op or tio n (% ) 8.0 8.2 References 1.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects, the 2017 Revision, 2017. http://esa.un.org/wpp/ -accessed 20 Jun 2018. 2.United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision - https://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/DataQuery/ - accessed 20 June 2018. 3.World Health Organization. Global health expenditure database. June 2016. http://apps.who.int/nha/database - accessed 20 June 2018. 4.World Health Organization. World health statistics 2018: Monitoring health for the SDGs. Geneva, 2018. http://www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018 5. Thailand multiple indicator cluster survey 2015-16. Bangkok: National Statistical Office and United Nations Children’s Fund; 2016 (https://www.unicef.org/thailand/Thailand_MICS_Full_Report_EN.pdf, accessed 13 July 2018). 6. World Health Organization. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage: DTP3. Geneva. http://apps.who.int/immunization_monitoring/globalsummary/countries?countrycriteria%5Bcountry%5D%5B%5D=TLS&commit=OK -accessed 20 June 2018.See for DTP3 coverage: a proxy for immunization coverage. 7. UNAIDS 2016 estimates for coverage of people receiving ART. http://aidsinfo.unaids.org - accessed 20 June 2018. 8. World Health Organization. Global Malaria Report 2017. http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world-malaria-report-2017/en/ - acessed 20 June 2018. 9. Global Health Observatory: http://www.who.int/gho/en/ - accessed 20 June 2018 10. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2017.Geneva,2017 http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/259366/9789241565516 - accessed 20 June 2018 11. Factsheet 2018: Thailand. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2018 (http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272690/wntd_2018_thailand_fs.pdf?sequence=1, accessed 13 July 2018). 12. World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2013. Geneva, 2013. 13. Decade for health workforce strengthening in the South-East Asia Region 2015—2024: Second review of progress, 2018. New Delhi: World Health Organization; 2018. 14. CRVS regional action framework reporting 2013-2017. Bangkok: United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific; 2018 (unpublished document). 15. Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2015 http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en/ - accessed 9 July 2018) 16. Levels & Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2015 Estimates Developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. New York (NY), Geneva and Washington (DC) http://www.childinfo.org/-accessed 20 June 2018 17. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2017). World Fertility Data 2017 http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/theme/fertility/index.shtml - accessed 20 June 2018