Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related Activities in 2021



Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related Activities 2021 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe is

The World’s Largest Regional Security Organization

working to ensure peace, democracy and stability for more than a billion people between Vancouver and Vladivostok.

This report is submitted in accordance with Decision 9, paragraph 6, of the Bucharest Ministerial Council Meeting, 4 December 2001.

© OSCE 2022

All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may be freely used and copied for educational and other non-commercial purposes, provid- ed that any such reproduction be accompanied by an acknowledgement of the OSCE as the source.

OSCE Secretariat Transnational Threats Department Strategic Police Matters Unit Wallnerstrasse 6 1010 Vienna, Austria

E-mail: spmu@osce.org http://www.osce.org/secretariat/policing http://polis.osce.org Table of Content

Foreword by the Secretary General 2

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 APPENDICES141 APPENDIX 1 2. ACTIVITIES OF THE TRANSNATIONAL ODIHR Annual Report on Police-Related THREATS DEPARTMENT 12 Activities for 2020 142 2.1 TNTD/Strategic Police Matters Unit 14 APPENDIX 2 2.2 TNTD/Action against Terrorism Unit 27 HCNM Annual Report on Police-Related 2.3 TNTD/Border Security and Management Unit 31 Activities in 2020 148 APPENDIX 3 OSCE MC and PC Decisions, Declarations 3. POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF OTHER and Action Plans with a Focus on THEMATIC UNITS  35 Police-Related Activities 150 3.1 Programme for Gender Issues 36 APPENDIX 4 3.2 Office of the Special Representative and Abbreviations and Acronyms 157 Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in APPENDIX 5 Human Beings 38 Contact Details 160

4. POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES OF FIELD OPERATIONS42

SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE 4.1 Presence in Albania 44 4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina 51 4.3 Mission in Kosovo 58 4.4 Mission to Montenegro 77 4.5 Mission to Serbia 82 4.6 Mission to Skopje 92

EASTERN EUROPE 4.7 Mission to Moldova 103 4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine 106

CENTRAL ASIA 4.9 Centre in Ashgabat 111 4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek 119 4.11 Programme Office in Dushanbe 123 4.12 Programme Office in Nur-Sultan 128 4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan 136 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

Foreword by the Secretary General

OSCE police-related activities demonstrate in a very tangible way the potential of our Organization’s comprehensive approach to security. We are tackling transnational threats such as organized crime, terrorism, trafficking in human beings, cybercrime, as well as supporting the law enforcement of OSCE participating States in upholding and promoting democratic principles and human rights.

Within their respective mandates, the OSCE Secretariat, Institutions and field opera- tions continued in 2021 to support OSCE participating States in two main categories of police-related activities.

Firstly, activities related to general police development and reform, including - crucial spheres of anti-corruption efforts, combating gender-based violence, community po- licing, and hate crime.

Secondly, activities focused on countering threats involving criminal activities, such as organized crime, trafficking in human beings, terrorism, trafficking in illicit drugs and chemical precursors, and cybercrime.

I am pleased to see that, despite the widespread restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021, our police-related activities saw an upward trend across the entire OSCE area, with an increase of 20% compared to the year before. This points to the resilience and importance of the OSCE in that area as well as to the dedication of its staff in ensuring continuity of activities and leveraging opportunities offered by tech- nology.

However, I noted that the women accounted for only 36% of participants in OSCE police-related activities in 2021, which is 4% lower than in 2020. Supported by the nomination of qualified persons by participating States, I hope we can reverse this trend in 2022 and 2023.

2  

At a time when security challenges are rapidly evolving, effective platforms for the exchange of information and best practices are essential to strengthen and reform law enforcement capacities. In 2021, two of the most important recurring OSCE-wide police-related events took place: the Annual Police Experts Meeting and the OSCE- wide Drug Conference. Gathering over 300 participants in total, these two events ena- bled expert discussions between representatives from OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation, regional and international organizations, non-governmental organizations, academia, and the media.

The 2021 Annual Police Experts Meeting was dedicated to addressing joint challenges and allowed for the exchange of good practices, providing an opportunity to enhance international co-operation and revisit the importance of a comprehensive and holistic approach in the prevention of transnational organized crime.

The 2021 OSCE-wide Drug Conference provided an opportunity for experts from OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation to discuss challenges posed by trafficking in illicit drugs and its linkages with other forms of organized crime, includ- ing corruption and money laundering.

In summary, 2021 police-related activities demonstrated OSCE’s effectiveness in pro- viding an exchange platform, linking its participating States and Partners for Co-oper- ation with experts from other regional and international organizations, think tanks, civil society, academia, and the media. I believe this report shows that last year’s efforts represented a substantial and practical contribution to the Organization’s core man- date in strengthening peace and security across the OSCE area.

Helga Maria Schmid OSCE Secretary General

3 Executive Summary  1 The Annual Report of the Secretary General on Police-Related Activities provides a comprehensive overview of all police- related projects, events and programmes implemented by the OSCE executive structures, including the thematic units in the Secretariat, field operations (FOs) and institutions.

The Report is submitted in accordance with Decision 9, Paragraph 6, of the 2001 Bucharest Ministerial Council (MC) Meeting, while the activities described in this report are based on a comprehensive list of individual mandates and tasks, which have been provided by various Ministerial Council (MC) and Permanent Council (PC) Decisions since 1998. A full list of all MC and PC Decisions and Action Plans with a focus on police-related activities is provided in Appendix 3.

The police-related activities described in this report are presented in two main categories:

1) General Police Development and Reform, including Anti-Corruption, Gender-based Violence, Commu- nity Policing and Hate Crime;

2) Threats Posed by Criminal Activity, including Organized Crime, Counter-Terrorism, Trafficking in Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors, Trafficking in Human Beings, and Cybercrime. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

Executive Summary

This report provides data regarding the number of police-re- Violence (recorded a decrease of approximately 6%), Coun- lated activities implemented by the OSCE executive struc- ter-Terrorism and VERLT (3%), Cross-Border Co-operation tures in 2021, as well as a comparison with the previous in Criminal Matters (2%), as well as Anti-Corruption, Gender years. While in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and its ham- Mainstreaming, and Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors pering effects generated a decreasing trend, in 2021, an up- (each a 1% decrease compared to 2020). ward trend was registered throughout all police-related activ- ities in the OSCE area. More specifically, the total number of The majority of OSCE police-related activities in 2021 con- police-related activities recorded in 2021 is 955 compared to tinued to be dedicated to the area of general police devel- 797 recorded in 2020. This is an increase of approximately opment and reform, with a slightly higher percentage than 20%. Of this total, the number of general police development in 2020 (54% compared to its 2020 share of 52%). Within and reform activities (category 1 above) recorded in 2021 this group, a particular focus was placed on activities related is 514, compared to 418 recorded in 2020 (23% increase), to Community Policing, Police–Public Relations and Crime while the number of activities related to countering threats Prevention (19% of the total), and Police Development and posed by criminal activity (category 2 above) recorded in Reform (11%), and Gender-based Violence (5%). The activi- 2021 is 441, compared to 379 recorded in 2020 (16% in- ties related to the area of Community Policing, Police–Public crease). This increasing trend is reflected in all types of activ- Relations and Crime Prevention and Police Development and ities within the two groups. Reform recorded an increase of 5% and 1%, respectively, compared to 2020. The activities related to Gender-based In order to show a nuanced presentation of the collected Violence recorded a decrease of 6%. data, the following paragraphs will analyse the percentage shares of the different types of police-related activities in The percentage share of the total number of activities related comparison with previous years. to addressing threats posed by criminal activity in 2021 was 46%, which represents a decrease of 2% compared to its share in 2020 (48%). Within this group, the activities related In 2021, the three areas of police-related to Organized Crime recorded the highest percentage share activities with the highest percentage shares (11%), followed by Counter-Terrorism and VERLT (10%), were: Community Policing, Police-Public Trafficking in Human Beings (6%), Cybercrime and Cyber/ Relations and Crime Prevention (19%), ICT Security, Border Security and Management/Customs, Police Development and Reform (11%) and and Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors (each of these ap- Organized Crime (11%). proximately 5% of the total number of activities). This group recorded the greatest shift of focus, with the activities re- In 2020, the areas recording the highest percentage shares lated to Organized Crime recording the highest percentage had a different composition: Community Policing, Police-Pub- increase of approximately 6% compared with their share in lic Relations and Crime Prevention (14%), Counter-Terrorism 2020, while the activities related to Counter-Terrorism and & VERLT (13%) and Gender-based Violence (11%). VERLT recording the highest percentage decrease of ap- proximately 3% compared to their share in 2020. The areas that recorded a higher percentage share in 2021 than in 2020 were the following: Community Policing, Police– Activities related to Human Rights and Police Accountability Public Relations and Crime Prevention (an increase of ap- have seen an increase in 2021, however the trend is still over- proximately 5%), Organized Crime (3% increase), as well as all declining as compared to other years. During this year, the Police Development and Reform, Human Rights and Police percentage share of this activity was 3% of the total, which is Accountability, Hate Crime, Public Order and Crisis Manage- higher than its percentage share in 2020 (2%), but less than ment, Trafficking in Human Beings, and Border Security and its percentage share in 2019 (4%) and in 2018 (13%). Management/Customs (each a 1% increase compared to 2020). On the other hand, the areas with the biggest decline When the data is analysed according to executive structures, in their percentage shares were the following: Gender-based it shows that in the Secretariat, the activities with the high-

6  Executive Summary

est percentage shares were: Organized Crime (18% of the shares were: Gender-based Violence, Community Policing, Secretariat’s total), Trafficking in Human Beings (15%), and Police–Public Relations and Crime Prevention, and Police Counter-Terrorism & VERLT (14%). In the OSCE Institutions, Development and Reform. This also shows a shift of focus, the activities recording the highest percentage shares were: with Counter-Terrorism & VERLT taking the place of Gen- Hate Crime (33% of the Institutions' total), Community Po- der-based Violence among the police-related activities with licing, Police–Public Relations and Crime Prevention (15%), the highest percentage shares in Central Asia in 2021. and Public Order and Crisis Management (15%). Across the different OSCE field operations, the three activities with the In line with OSCE commitments to promote gender equality, highest percentage shares were: Community Policing, Po- which stem from the 2004 Gender Action Plan, while prepar- lice–Public Relations and Crime Prevention (23%), Police De- ing the 2021 Annual Report of the Secretary General on Po- velopment and Reform (13%), and Organized Crime (9%). lice-Related Activities, TNTD/SPMU collected disaggregated This shows that, while other priorities differacross the OSCE data on the gender composition of participants in OSCE po- executive structures, Organized Crime and Community Po- lice-related activities, where the data was available. licing, Police–Public Relations and Crime Prevention are a priority among their police-related activities. The recorded data shows that the 2021 participation of women in OSCE police- Geographical analysis shows that in South-Eastern Europe, related activities was approximately 36% the police-related activities with the highest percentage (7,494 out of 20,750 in total), which is a shares were: Community Policing, Police-Public Relations decline of 4% compared to 2020. This points and Crime Prevention (21% of the total number of police-re- to a gap between the current composition lated activities in South-Eastern Europe), Police Development and gender-balanced representation. and Reform (14%) and Organized Crime (13%). While the first two activities had the highest percentage shares in 2020, registered activities related to Organized Crime increased by Within the group of activities related to the category of gener- 7% between 2020 and 2021. al police development and reform, the percentage of female participants in its activities was approximately 33% (3,689 In Eastern Europe, the three types of activities with the of a total of 11,131), which is a 9% decline compared to highest percentage shares are: Border Security and Man- the same area in 2020. There is particular room for improv- agement/Customs (33% of the total number of activities in ing gender-balanced participation in activities in the areas of: Eastern Europe), Police Development and Reform (21%) Public Order and Crisis Management (female participants and Human Rights and Police Accountability (10%). In 2020, 9%), Police Development and Reform (23%), Specialized In- the areas with the highest percentage shares were: Gen- vestigations Units/Forensics (27%), and Community Policing, der-based Violence, Police Development and Reform, and Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention (29%). Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Sei- zures of Criminal Proceeds. Thus, the data show a shift of fo- Within the group of activities related to addressing threats cus, with Border Security and Management/Customs taking posed by criminal activity, the composition of female partici- the place of Gender-based Violence among the areas with pants in its activities was approximately 40% (3,805 of a total the highest percentage shares of this region’s police-related of 9,619), which is a 1% increase compared to the same area activities in 2021. in 2020. Within this group of activities, the areas that record- ed the lowest percentage shares of female representation In Central Asia, the three types of activities with the highest were: Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors (female partici- percentage shares in 2021 were the following: Community pants 14%), Cybercrime (16%), Cross-Border Co-operation Policing, Police–Public Relations and Crime Prevention (30% in Criminal Matters (29%), and Organized Crime (30%). Over- of the total number of activities in Central Asia), Counter-Ter- all, gender disaggregated data collected in 2021 shows that rorism & VERLT (13%) and Police Development and Reform female participation could be improved in all police-related (10%). In 2020 the activities that had the highest percentage activities organized in the OSCE area.

7 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

2021 Total number of Police-Related Activities

Information Exchange / Analysis of Les- Institution sons Learned, and Capacity- Assessments Activity building Training and Guidelines Total %

General Police Development and Reform

Police Monitoring and Confidence- 0 0 0 0 Building Police Development and Reform 54 32 22 108 Strategic Planning including Threat 0 0 0 0 Assessments Human Resources / Police Management 10 6 3 19 Human Rights and Police Accountability 13 11 2 26 Anti-Corruption 6 7 10 23 Gender Mainstreaming 22 2 2 26 Community Policing, Police-Public 54% 123 48 9 180 Relations and Crime Prevention Gender-based Violence 44 5 2 51 Hate Crime 22 9 10 41 Specialized Investigations Units / 2 5 0 7 Forensics Public Order and Crisis Management 6 7 2 15 Other activities, including co-ordination 12 5 1 18 and co-operation 314 137 63 514

Threats Posed by Criminal Activity

Organized Crime 61 30 10 101 Criminal Investigations and Analysis 0 0 0 0 Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal 0 0 0 0* Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal 13 8 6 27 Matters Counter-Terrorism & VERLT 57 34 8 99 46% Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors 29 10 2 41 Trafficking in Human Beings 25 16 20 61 Cybercrime 13 33 6 52 Border Security and Management / 23 21 7 51 Customs Other activities 5 1 3 9 226 153 62 441

Total 540 290 125 955 100%

* OSCE executive structures organized a number of activities related to money laundering, seizures and confiscation of criminal assets but they were all counted under organized crime activities.

8  Executive Summary

2021 Police-Related OSCE SECRETARIAT OSCE FIELD & INSTITUTIONS OPERATIONS Activities Matrix

Montenegro

Uzbekistan OSR/CTHB

Nur-Sultan Dushanbe Ashgabat GENDER

Moldova Bishkek B and H

Ukraine Kosovo Albania

Skopje ODIHR

HCNM

Serbia BSMU SPMU

ATU Activity

General Police Development and Reform

Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building

Police Development and Reform

Strategic Planning including Threat Assessments

Human Resources / Police Management

Human Rights and Police Accountability

Anti-Corruption

Gender Mainstreaming

Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention

Gender-based Violence

Hate Crime

Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics

Public Order and Crisis Management

Other activities, including co-ordination and co-operation

Threats Posed by Criminal Activity

Organized Crime

Criminal Investigations and Analysis

Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds

Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters

Counter-Terrorism & VERLT

Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors

Trafficking in Human Beings

Cybercrime

Border Security and Management / Customs

Other activities

9 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

2021 Total Number of Police-Related Activities - all OSCE executive structures

TOTAL Police-Related Activities

Activity 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

General Police Development and Reform

Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building 64 11 12 10 13 4 0

Police Development and Reform 154 150 89 81 99 82 108

Strategic Planning, including Threat 25 7 11 3 1 0 0 Assessments

Human Resources / Police Management 0 7 3 11 43 19 19

Human Rights and Police Accountability 0 51 25 167 47 16 26

Anti-Corruption 32 20 34 65 29 24 23

Gender Mainstreaming 9 35 104 19 44 29 26

Community Policing, Police–Public Relations 338 159 185 143 195 109 180 and Crime Prevention

Gender-based Violence 69 59 109 122 130 86 51

Hate Crime 41 117 50 80 49 23 41

Specialized Investigation Units / Forensics 44 24 12 6 18 5 7

Public Order and Crisis Management 23 19 12 36 34 6 15

Other activities, including co-ordination 4 34 61 27 21 15 18 and co-operation

803 693 707 770 723 418 514

Threats Posed by Criminal Activity

Organized Crime 50 28 15 8 18 42 101

Criminal Investigations and Analysis 21 19 5 3 6 2 0

Financial Investigations, Anti-Money Laundering 17 28 22 39 40 25 0 and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds

Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters 28 23 34 50 49 39 27

Counter-Terrorism & VERLT 55 54 92 130 142 103 99

Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors 34 30 39 27 45 38 41

Trafficking in Human Beings 66 89 145 109 132 42 61

Cybercrime 35 32 37 65 86 43 52

Border Security and Management / Customs 23 35 78 69 50 35 51

Other activities 21 14 22 16 6 10 9

350 352 489 516 574 379 441

Total Activities 1153 1045 1196 1286 1297 797 955

10  Executive Summary

2021 Gender Disaggragated Participant Data

Women % Women Men % Men Activity Total Participants Participants Participants Participants

General Police Development and Reform

Police Monitoring and Confidence-Building 0 0 - 0 - Police Development and Reform 2297 520 23% 1777 77% Strategic Planning including Threat 0 0 - 0 - Assessments Human Resources / Police Management 385 135 35% 250 65% Human Rights and Police Accountability 894 408 46% 486 54% Anti-Corruption 381 114 30% 267 70% Gender Mainstreaming 1045 507 49% 538 51% Community Policing, Police-Public Relations 2770 810 29% 1960 71% and Crime Prevention Gender-based Violence 1304 591 45% 713 55% Hate Crime 1099 394 36% 705 64% Specialized Investigations Units / Forensics 242 66 27% 176 73% Public Order and Crisis Management 525 47 9% 478 91% Other activities, including co-ordination and 189 97 51% 92 49% cooperation

Threats Posed by Criminal Activity

Organized Crime 1294 388 30% 906 70% Criminal Investigations and Analysis 0 0 - 0 - Financial Investigations, Anti-Money 0 0 - 0 - Laundering and Seizures of Criminal Proceeds Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal 836 246 29% 590 71% Matters Counter-Terrorism & VERLT 2794 1253 45% 1541 55% Illicit Drugs and Chemical Precursors 470 68 14% 402 86% Trafficking in Human Beings 2332 1346 58% 986 42% Cybercrime 748 118 16% 630 84% Border Security and Management / Customs 1145 386 34% 759 66% Other activities 0 0 - 0 -

Total 20750 7494 36% 13256 64%

11 Activities of the Transnational Threats Department  2 In line with the 2011 Vilnius MC Decision No. 9/11 on Strengthening Co-ordination and Coherence in the OSCE’s Efforts to Address Transnational Threats, the Transnational Threats Department (TNTD) became operational on 1 Janu- ary 2012. Its role is to optimize the support provided to the Secretary General, the OSCE Chair and the participating States on matters related to transnational threats. Led by the Co-ordinator of the OSCE Activities to Address Transnational Threats, the main role of TNTD is to act as a focal point for OSCE-wide programmatic activities that relate to countering transnational threats, whereby ensuring co‑ordination and coherence of actions across all three OSCE dimensions and amongst all OSCE executive structures with respect to their mandates.

TNTD consists of a Co-ordination Cell (TNTD/CC), which covers cyber/information and communication technologies (ICTs) as well as security issues, and three thematic units: the Action against Terrorism Unit (TNTD/ATU), the Border Security and Management Unit (TNTD/BSMU) and the Strategic Police Matters Unit (TNTD/SPMU). ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

2.1 TNTD/Strategic Police Matters Unit

Activities Related to General Europe and Central Asia to discuss the implementation of Police Development and Reform the OSCE-wide project on ILP. Based on a comprehensive needs assessment carried out from August to December 2020, the newly drafted ExB project on ILP (2021-2023) will Police Development and Reform focus on building capacities of law enforcement services in applying evidence-based and intelligence-led measures to On 26 January, TNTD/SPMU organized a thematic meeting address criminal activities and to general policing. for the OSCE Police Academies Network (PAN), gathering 35 participants (12 women; 23 men). The meeting focused On 30 March, TNTD/SPMU launched the publication The on the topics of excessive use of force by the police and the OSCE Project on Intelligence-Led Policing 2017-2020: role of police academies as well as the challenges for police From Reactive to Proactive Policing, summarizing activities academies related to the COVID-19 pandemic. and achievements of the first ILP project (2017-2020). The project covered the drafting of the OSCE Guidebook on ILP In February, TNTD/SPMU launched a new three-year fol- and its translation into ten languages, the development of low-up project Building Intelligence-led Policing (ILP) Ca- tutorial and promotion materials based on the Guidebook, pacities on Regional and National Levels in the OSCE Area some 20 regional and national workshops, training and based on a needs assessment carried out in 2020. The events for 35 participating States, eight Partners for Co-op- OSCE Guidebook on Intelligence-Led Policing is now used eration and 19 member States of the League of Arab States, by numerous national law enforcement training institutions with over 550 law enforcement officials taking part in these as well as by international and regional organizations such activities. as INTERPOL, Europol and the European Union (EU) Agen- cy for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL). The new 2021- On 12 May, in collaboration with OSR/CTHB, TNTD/SPMU 2023 project builds on the former one, but focuses more on organized the second thematic online meeting for the PAN concrete training activities in line with the mentioned needs Focal Points. The meeting aimed at presenting police training assessment, where 20 participating States expressed their institutions curricula for police cadets on how to effectively interests in receiving further capacity-building support on ILP. fight trafficking in human beings (THB) and how the police can protect women from being trafficked. Speakers included On 10 March, TNTD/SPMU organized an online event launch- academia and police academies, as well as a human traffick- ing the Key Findings and Recommendations Report of a sit- ing survivor currently working for the victim support services uational analysis and needs assessment carried out as part in Canada. The meeting, gathering 90 participants, highlight- of piloting the extra-budgetary (ExB) project Increasing and ed the importance of broad co-operation across professional Supporting the Participation of Women at all Levels of Polic- fields, underscoring the importance of involving both social ing in Montenegro. The event, gathering 68 participants (47 and health services as well as THB survivors. women; 21 men), was attended, inter alia, by representatives from the Ministries of the Interior (MoI), Justice, Human and On 23 June, in close co-operation with OSCE field opera- Minority Rights, the Police Directorate and the Police Acade- tions in South-Eastern Europe, TNTD/SPMU organized my of Montenegro. The pilot project, implemented from July online a regional workshop on implementing ILP in 2020 to February 2021, was carried out in close co-operation South-Eastern Europe and sharing experiences and less- with the OSCE Mission to Montenegro and the Police Direc- ons learned. The event gathered 20 law enforcement mana- torate in Podgorica. The report presents recommendations gers and officials (3 women; 17 men) responsible for ILP of concrete and tailored measures to increase the number of programmes in the region and 13 representatives (6 wo- women in the Montenegrin Police, as well as to strengthen men; 7 men) from OSCE field operations. The event provided their advancement and empowerment within the police. an overview on the status of the ILP implementation in the region and served as an interactive platform for exchange of On 23 and 25 March, TNTD/SPMU held online meetings with good practices and ideas. representatives from OSCE field operations in South-Eastern

14  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

From July to August, in close co-operation with the OSCE planning ILP implementation in Turkmenistan, and how ILP field operations in South-Eastern Europe and the train- works at the strategic and the operational levels. ing provider from United Kingdom, Shortest Path Training, TNTD/SPMU organized a series of training courses on op- On 9 and 10 December, in co-operation with the OSCE Pres- erational intelligence analysis with the utilization of the i2 ence in Albania, TNTD/SPMU organized a training course for Analyst’s Notebook and i2 iBase software in criminal intel- preparing and planning ILP implementation in Albania. The ligence analysis. The training courses gathered 18 criminal target-audience that took part in this course consisted of 46 analysts (6 women; 12 men) from law enforcement agencies high level managers (2 women; 44 men) from Albanian State in South-Eastern Europe. Participants refreshed and updat- Police central and local directorates. Participants improved ed their knowledge in the utilization of the two analytical soft- their knowledge in applying ILP as a working model providing ware tools most commonly used in law enforcement. more efficient policing and enabling the existing resources and procedures to be at their most optimal level for achieving From July to September, TNTD/SPMU organized consulta- the best possible policing results. tions with representatives of the OSCE Presence in Albania, the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MoIA) of Georgia as well as From 14 to 17 December, jointly with the OSCE Centre in the OSCE Centre in Ashgabat. The meetings focused on Ashgabat, TNTD/SPMU organized the training course on needs-assessment for potential ILP capacity-building assis- utilizing i2 Analyst’s Notebook and i2 iBase in criminal intelli- tance to the law enforcement authorities in Albania, Georgia gence analysis. The course, gathering 11 experts (1 woman; and Turkmenistan. 10 men) from the MoIA and the Supreme Court of Turkmen- istan, helped participants to improve their understanding of From 4 to 22 October, in co-operation with the six OSCE field the structure, functionality, and capabilities of the software. operations in South-Eastern Europe, TNTD/SPMU organized Participants explored how the two analytical software tools a series of training courses on operational intelligence anal- can help to support and enable criminal intelligence analysis ysis with the utilization of the i2 Analyst’s Notebook and i2 within the framework of ILP model. iBase in criminal intelligence analysis. Some 18 participants (7 women; 11 men) learned to apply analytical tools, prac- ticed interrogating and charting from data sources, and Gender Mainstreaming creating efficient and effective briefings and presentations. The training courses, organized in the framework of the ExB On 8 March, on the occasion of the International Women’s project on ILP, focused on enhancing participants’ techni- Day, TNTD/SPMU organized an online PAN meeting on the- cal skills to professionally analyze law enforcement data and matic topics related to gender and police training issues from conduct inquiries through the software tools. different perspectives, gathering 30 participants (12 women; 18 men). In particular, experts presented the Gender and Se- From 22 to 25 November, in co-operation with the OSCE curity Toolkit on Policing and Gender1 as a useful resource Centre in Ashgabat, TNTD/SPMU organized an aware- for police academies. Likewise, ODIHR also delivered a pres- ness-raising training event focused on the aforementioned entation on the human rights challenges in security sector software. The event gathered 13 law enforcement and crim- institutions and the OSCE Gender Issues Programme pre- inal justice officials (men) from Turkmenistan, representing sented its WIN project. the MoIA, the Ministry of National Security, the Ministry of Justice (MoJ), the General Prosecutor’s Office (GPO) and the Supreme Court. Participants examined the theoretical and research foundation of ILP, the main benefits of applying the model, the role of crime analysis and assessments in modern policing, as well as the main decision-making procedures of 1 The new Gender and Security Toolkit provides practice-based policy and pro- ILP. They also explored some international good practices grammatic guidance for governments, international and regional organizations and security and justice institutions to integrate a gender perspective and advance in implementing ILP, possible approaches for preparing and gender equality in security and justice policy, programming and reform. More in- formation available at: https://www.osce.org/odihr/442519

15 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

From May to June, TNTD/SPMU held a series of four online Community Policing, Police-Public workshops for Armenia’s MoJ and law enforcement author- Relations and Crime Prevention ities. The aim of the workshops series, designed to support Armenia’s implementation of police reforms by strengthen- From January to March, TNTD/SPMU developed a new ing community policing strategies, was to share interna- project that builds on its multi-year work in support of the tional strategies and best practices from across the OSCE police reform in Armenia, succeeding the previous project area. The four different sessions featured presentations by on Strengthening police-public partnership in Armenia. The six representatives (3 women; 3 men) from Canada, Esto- objective of the new project is to support the implementa- nia, Kazakhstan, Norway, and Sweden, who shared national tion of the police reform in Armenia, with a special emphasis community policing strategies and models as well as best on community policing and the educational system. To tailor practices to further support Armenia in developing its own the new project to the needs of the beneficiary State, TNTD/ national strategies. SPMU organized several meetings with the Armenian Dele- gation to the OSCE, the Armenian MoJ, and representatives of the Armenian Police. On 30 September, TNTD/SPMU organized a meeting be- tween the Swedish police and officials from the Armenia’s On 18 March, in co-operation with the OSCE Programme MoJ and police. The aim of the meeting was for the Swed- Office in Nur-Sultan and ODIHR, TNTD/SPMU organized an ish police experts to explain the concept of dialogue police, online workshop focusing on law enforcement agencies’ re- which aims to reduce violent confrontation between the po- sponses to the COVID-19 pandemic and international best lice and the public during public gatherings, and explore the practices. The workshop aimed at raising awareness among interest and possibility of introducing this concept in Arme- Kazakhstan’s law enforcement agencies about human nia. During the meeting, the possibility for a study visit by rights standards and the applicability of community policing an Armenian delegation to Sweden for further introduction techniques within the context of restrictions related to the of the concept was discussed. This concept will then be im- COVID-19 pandemic. The workshop covered regulations plemented throughout 2021 and early 2022. The project is and recommendations related to the COVID-19 pandemic part of the EU-funded joint United Nations Development Pro- and the ways the police could encourage and enforce com- gramme (UNDP) project Accountable institutions and human pliance, as well as an introduction to community policing, rights protection in Armenia. fundamental human rights and freedom of peaceful assem- bly. Some 16 participants (4 women; 12 men), representing From 3 to 5 November, jointly with ODIHR and in co-opera- the Ministry of Health and the MoIA learned about the im- tion with the OSCE Mission to Skopje, TNTD/SPMU organ- portance of providing police with clear instructions on how ized a training event on preventing terrorism and countering to bolster public confidence and strictly avoid human rights violent extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism violations while maintaining COVID-19 restrictions. They (P/C VERLT) through a community policing approach. The also learned that co-operation between the police and var- event, held in Skopje, gathered 20 police officers and com- ious sections of the community plays an important role in munity members (9 women; 11 men) representing organized fostering among residents the understanding about the re- groups and religious communities, as well as individuals and strictions, such as their duration and possible penalties for staff from local governmental agencies such as social servic- non-compliance. es. It provided knowledge and skills on human rights-based, multi-stakeholder approaches to P/C VERLT and offered a In March, TNTD/SPMU launched a video that introduces the venue to discuss common challenges and good practices community policing approach as a major pillar of the OSCE’s in this area. The training activity was based on the OSCE police-related activities. The aim is to use the video to pres- guidebook Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Ex- ent the concept and principles of community policing in all tremism and Radicalization that Lead to Terrorism: A Com- related workshops and training courses. The video has been munity Policing Approach. uploaded to the OSCE website and YouTube Channel in English2 and Russian3 languages, published on the OSCE From 13 to 20 November, TNTD/SPMU supported a pre- social media channels and translated to Bosnian, Macedoni- paratory mission of two dialogue police experts from Swe- an and Serbian languages. den (1 woman; 1 man) to design a training programme for the Armenian Police. During the five-day visit, the experts met with representatives of the Armenian Police, MoJ, as well as with other government and non-governmental stake- holders. Based on experts’ preparatory findings, a two-week 2 Available at: https://www.osce.org/secretariat/482307 training programme, which includes theory, case studies and 3 Available at: https://www.osce.org/ru/secretariat/482310

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skill-oriented assignments, will be developed and conducted Presence in Albania, the Albanian State Police, the MoJ, the in Armenia in 2022. Ministry of Health and Social Protection, representatives of the judiciary, the Child Rights Centre Albania and the Center As a follow up of the visit, from 6 to 9 December, TNTD/ for Legal Civic Initiatives. The aim of the event was to discuss SPMU organized a three-day visit to Sweden for a delegation the project’s strategy and implementation with local stake- of five participants (men) from the Armenian Police as well as holders to help tailor the project activities to the countries’ the Deputy Minister of Justice (woman), to study the dialogue needs. The MAC in Albania will provide guidance to the pro- police experience of the Swedish Police. The aim of the visit ject team to help ensure that the project activities comply was to provide a broad understanding of the dialogue police with local strategies and other existing activities and mini- concept and practice in Sweden, as well as the development mize duplication or overlap with other initiatives. They will of the concept during its twenty years of existence. work together with the MACs established in the other project beneficiary States, ensuring a regional approach as well as On 16 and 17 December, jointly with the United Nations fine-tuning of activities as per the local needs. Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), TNTD/SPMU held an online workshop to discuss together with a peer-review On 20 and 21 October, TNTD/SPMU organized the first meet- working group (WG), consisting of 18 experts (8 women; 10 ing of the MAC in Montenegro, established as part of the ExB men), and three consultants (2 women; 1 man) the findings project on combating gender-based violence in South-East- of the first draft of the updated version of the 2008 OSCE ern Europe. The event, held in Podgorica, gathered 12 par- publication Good Practices in Building Police-Public Part- ticipants (11 women; 1 man), among whom representatives nerships. The meeting served as a communication platform of the OSCE Secretariat and the OSCE Mission to Montene- for the experts working of the new draft, who will take into gro, the Montenegrin Police Directorate, the Prosecutor’s Of- consideration the findings from the WG in the further work on fice in Podgorica, the MoJ, the Ministry of Health, the Police the new version of the guidebook. Academy, the Supreme Court, as well as SOS Podgorica and SOS Nikšić. The meeting highlighted the need to enhance the co-ordination between all stakeholders, in particular be- Gender-based Violence tween police officers, prosecutors and health representatives through a multi-agency approach, as the approach is not On 9 and 10 September, TNTD/SPMU convened the first systematized and often depends on individual willingness. meeting of the Advisory and Co-ordination Board (ACB) established as part of its ExB project Enhancing Criminal On 26 October, TNTD/SPMU organized the first meeting Justice Capacities for Combating Gender-based Violence of the MAC in Serbia, established as part of the ExB pro- in South-Eastern Europe. The one-day event gathered 16 ject on combating gender-based violence in South-Eastern participants (12 women; 4 men), among whom representa- Europe. The event, held in Belgrade, gathered 11 partici- tives of the OSCE field operations in South-Eastern Europe, pants (7 women; 4 men), among whom representatives of the OSCE Secretariat’s Gender Issues Programme, ODIHR, the OSCE Secretariat and the OSCE Mission to Serbia, the the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), UN Women, Police Directorate and Police Training Center, the Republic the Council of Europe (CoE) and OSCE participating States. Public Prosecutor’s Office, the Higher Prosecutor’s Office The aim of the meeting was to exchange good practices in Belgrade, the MoJ, the Ministry of Labour, Employment, and lessons learned from previous and on-going initiatives Veteran and Social Affairs, and the Autonomous Women’s on preventing and combating gender-based violence in the Center. The meeting highlighted the need to broaden the fo- region, as well as identify synergies, with a focus on avoiding cus of the training and awareness activities on other forms overlapping and strengthening sustainability of the project’s of gender-based violence than domestic violence, which is expected results. The meeting concluded with partner or- already addressed at the national level. ganizations expressing interest in the project activities and with agreed modalities to enhance impact and long-term On 23 November, TNTD/SPMU organized the first meet- sustainability, in the area of the project. ing of the MAC in North Macedonia, established as part of the ExB project on combating gender-based violence in On 13 September, TNTD/SPMU convened the first meeting South-Eastern Europe. The event, held in Skopje, gathered of the Multi-Agency Committee (MAC) established in Albania 13 participants (10 women; 3 men), among whom repre- as part of the ExB project on combating gender-based vio- sentatives of the OSCE Secretariat and the OSCE Mission to lence in South-Eastern Europe. The one-day event, held in Skopje, the MoI’s Police Training Centre and Public Security Tirana, brought together 11 participants (9 women; 2 men), Bureau, the MoJ, the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, including representatives of the OSCE Secretariat and OSCE the Basic Prosecutor’s Office in Skopje and the Academy for

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Judges and Public Prosecutors. The meeting highlighted the On 7 October, TNTD/SPMU supported the Swedish Chair need to train all stakeholders in a systemic and co-ordinated in organizing the Annual Police Experts Meeting (APEM) on manner especially in the context of the recent and on-going the topic of preventing transnational organized crime. The amendments to the Criminal Code related to gender-based event, organized in a blended format, gathered 108 experts violence cases. (39 women; 66 men) among whom law enforcement experts and other criminal justice practitioners, representatives of re- On 30 November, TNTD/SPMU organized the first meeting gional and international organizations, researchers, as well of the MAC in Bosnia and Herzegovina, established as part as civil society (SC) representatives from OSCE participating of the ExB project on combating gender-based violence in States and Partners for Co-operation. Participants explored South-Eastern Europe. The event, held in Sarajevo, gathered joint challenges and good practices for addressing transna- nine participants (7 women; 2 men), among whom repre- tional organized crime in a comprehensive and holistic way. sentatives of the OSCE Secretariat and the OSCE Mission to They also discussed institution-building activities, co-ordina- Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Center for Judicial and Prose- tion among national institutions and the part played by pub- cutorial Training of the Republika Srpska, the Center for Ju- lic-private partnerships in state efforts. dicial and Prosecutorial Training of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Criminal Police Sector of the Federation of On 5 November, TNTD/SPMU assisted the OSCE High Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brčko District Police and the MoI of Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) in organizing Republika Srpska. The meeting highlighted the need to en- the 15th Anniversary Conference on HCNM’s Recommen- hance the co-operation and co-ordination between all stake- dations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies. The confer- holders dealing with gender-based violence cases, to ensure ence served as a platform to discuss key principles of po- victim protection and avoidance of secondary victimization. licing in diverse societies and to exchange experiences and The establishment of the MAC will contribute to enhanced good practices in applying the Policing Recommendations multi-sectoral co-operation and co-ordination. 15 years after their initial publication. Participants discussed representation of national minorities in the police services, On 9 December, TNTD/SPMU organized the launching event how to improve trust and communication between the police of its ExB project on combating gender-based violence in and diverse communities, and ways to support the role of South-Eastern Europe. The event gathered 81 participants the police in promoting inter-ethnic relations. TNTD present- (69 women; 12 men) among whom representatives of the ed concrete examples of OSCE assistance to OSCE par- regional ACB and the five national MACs established in the ticipating States to apply the HCNM’s Recommendations, framework of the project, as well as the OSCE participat- advising on how to recruit, train and develop police services ing States. The event created a platform for sharing needs, that are more representative of the communities they serve good practices and lessons learned in the area of training for and on how to increase police-public trust through commu- law enforcement and judiciary on gender-based violence in nity policing. the region. The main outcome of the event was the agree- ment by all stakeholders on a project work plan for 2022. On 8 and 9 November, TNTD/SPMU organized online the Throughout 2022, the project will focus on increasing the ef- 2021 OSCE Annual Meeting of Heads of Security Co-oper- fectiveness of criminal justice practitioners when responding ation Departments on Police–related Activities. The meeting to cases of gender-based violence. Among the planned ac- gathered 29 representatives (9 women; 20 men) from security tivities are developing curricula in accordance with the CoE’s co-operation departments of OSCE field operations, as well Istanbul Convention and other international standards, and as representatives of the Swedish Chair and Polish Chair, and expanding the networks of trainers with expertise on the top- the OSCE Secretariat. The meeting aimed at facilitating the ic in the region. exchange of information, best practices and lessons learned between TNTD and OSCE field operations in police-related activities, as well as strengthening co-ordination and mutual Other activities, including support to each other’s activities. Participants discussed on- co-ordination and co-operation going police reform processes in respective host countries and how to effectively address transnational organized crime On 22 September, TNTD/SPMU delivered a presentation in the OSCE area. on community security at the Building Sustainable Peace and Security training course, conducted in co-operation On 16 December, TNTD/SPMU participated online and between OSCE's Conflict Prevention Centre (CPC) and the delivered a presentation to promote regional anti-drug Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution in co-operation at the UNODC’s Paris Pact Initiative Expert Stadtschlaining, Austria.

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WG meeting on cross-border co-operation in support of Pillar I of the Vienna Declaration.

Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activity

Organized Crime From January to March, jointly with the Office of the Co-or- dinator of OSCE Economic and Environmental Activities (OCEEA), TNTD/SPMU organized a series of four three-day online workshops on international co-operation and mutual legal assistance in asset recovery for 44 criminal justice prac- titioners (22 women; 22 men) from Albania, Bosnia and Her- Women working in the laboratory for the production of zegovina, North Macedonia and Montenegro. The workshops traditional carpets (qilim) started up in a night bar confiscated focused on the exchange of evidence and global intelligence from organized crime. This example of social re-use is and aimed to boost the capacity of criminal justice practition- reviving the use of traditional techniques and looms for handmade products. All employees of “My Craft Tradition” are ers in addressing transnational criminal cases, in particular women. October 2021. relating to asset tracing, freezing, confiscation and repatria-  Megi Krasniqi tion. In addition, they examined how jurisdictions in the region may use the tools and legislation of other jurisdictions, both in the region and elsewhere, to either assist in the conviction of Interagency Network (BAMIN) Steering Committee Group an individual, and subsequent confiscation of assets, or the Meeting of the year gathering six participants (3 women; 3 seizure and repatriation of assets by another method in the men). The meeting discussed the action plan for 2021, spe- absence of a conviction. Following theoretical sessions, par- cifically, the official handover of the BAMIN Presidency from ticipants conducted simulated investigations of transnational Montenegro to Albania, the BAMIN Annual General Meeting criminal cases where they applied theoretical, strategic and planned in June and joint international training and mentoring practical skills gained. The workshops series was organized on Individual Asset Management Issues. The meeting also in the framework of the ExB project Strengthening the fight concluded that BAMIN will work with the OSCE participating against transnational organized crime in South-Eastern Eu- States interested in joining the Network and provide them rope through improved regional co-operation in asset seizure, with the information and assistance needed in this regard. confiscation, management and re-use, a cross-dimensional joint project between TNTD/SPMU and OCEEA. On 23 February, jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU supported the organization of the meeting of the Executive Board of On 8 and 12 February, TNTD/SPMU presented a proposal the Permanent Conference of Organized Crime Prosecutors for an initiative on transnational organized crime and asset (PCOCP). The meeting brought together nine participants, recovery with the Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation. among whom senior prosecutors from North Macedonia, In co-operation with the 2021 Polish Chair of the Mediter- Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia, OSCE representatives, ranean Partners for Co-operation Group, the proposal was as well as representatives of the Italian National Anti-Mafia presented to all six Mediterranean Partners, as well as to sev- and Counter-Terrorism Directorate. The meeting discussed eral OSCE participating States. TNTD/SPMU held co-ordina- the programmatic activities for 2021 and a decision on the tion meetings with UNODC, the UN Interregional Crime and next host country for the PCOCP Secretariat. As part of Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), the EU, the Deutsche their aim to expand the network and promote co-operation Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), the among the prosecution offices across the OSCE area and CoE and the Global Initiative against Transnational Organized beyond, the Secretariat of the PCOCP has invited Austria to Crime (GI-TOC), with the aim to ensure that the proposed become a member of the Network. Representatives from the initiative and its potential activities are complementary to the Public Prosecutor’s Office of Vienna welcomed the invitation ongoing efforts in the Mediterranean region. and will further discuss the opportunity with Prosecution Of- fices of Austria. On 10 February, jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU support- ed the organization of the first Balkan Asset Management

19 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

In February, in the framework of the ExB project on asset OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU organized two two-day training cours- recovery in South-Eastern Europe and jointly with OCEEA, es on asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe for 11 CSOs in TNTD/SPMU selected two implementing partners to pro- Albania and eight CSOs in North Macedonia. On 5 May and mote the practice of social re-use of assets confiscated 29 June, a second round of national workshops on social from organized crime in South-Eastern Europe and scale re-use of confiscated assets was organized for 13 partici- the model of social enterprise in Albania. In line with that, pants (5 women, 8 men) from Serbia and 13 participants (8 the NGO Libera will deliver training courses on the practice women, 5 men) from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The training of social re-use to local civil society organizations (CSOs) in courses and workshops, delivered online by the CSO Libera, South-Eastern Europe. Participants will learn about the ben- aimed at strengthening the involvement of CSOs on the topic efits of social re-use practice, as well as how to draft and of social re-use of confiscated assets, as well as enhancing submit requests to national authorities. The NGO Engim will their knowledge on the subject matter. Through both theo- support one CSO in building a sustainable social enterprise retical and practical sessions, participants gained knowledge in a property confiscated from criminal organizations, located on different models of social re-use and how the latter can in Elbasan, Albania. contribute to restore confidence in the rule of law and pre- vent organized crime. From 23 to 25 March, TNTD/SPMU participated in the 11th Experts Group in Criminal Matters (CrimEx) Meeting organ- On 10 May, TNTD/SPMU supported the second meeting of ized by the European Union Agency for Criminal Justice the Mediterranean Partnership for Co-operation Group ded- Cooperation (Eurojust). CrimEx is a cross-regional network icated to transnational organized crime and improved multi- gathering criminal justice practitioners from EU Member lateral co-operation. The participants discussed how nation- States and South Partner Countries that aims to build the al authorities can increase their efforts on crime prevention, trust and mutual confidence crucial for international co-oper- and how multilateral agencies can promote dialogue and ation in criminal justice matters. During the meeting, TNTD/ facilitate co-operation between state institutions and other SPMU presented its work in the field of transnational organ- stakeholders, such as academia, CSOs and the private sec- ized crime and asset recovery, with the aim to explore syner- tor, in this field. gies and possible joint activities in the Mediterranean region. On 8 and 9 June, jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU sup- In March, TNTD/SPMU finalized the preparation of the new ported BAMIN in delivering a training course on the man- OSCE-wide ExB project Enhancing youth crime and illic- agement of confiscated companies. The training course, it drug abuse prevention through education on legality and delivered online through a scenario-based approach, gath- awareness campaigns addressing threats of organized crime ered 38 participants (11 women; 27 men), who enhanced and corruption, jointly developed with OCEEA. The objective their practical knowledge on cost-effective management of of this cross-dimension project is to holistically prevent trans- confiscated assets. The course brought together represent- national organized crime, corruption and illicit drug use by atives of asset management offices from 15 jurisdictions and complementing criminal justice efforts, fostering a culture of provided a joint platform for exchange of best practices and lawfulness among youth through education and other social for identifying challenges and gaps, also enhancing regional activities. To achieve this, the OSCE will co-operate closely cross-agency co-operation. with the UNODC, national institutions in beneficiary countries and CSOs. On 8 and 9 June, under the ExB project on asset recov- ery in South-Eastern Europe and jointly with OCEEA and the On 27 April, in collaboration with the OSCE Mission to Serbia CSO Libera, TNTD/SPMU organized a two-day online re- and jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU supported the sixth gional workshop for asset management agencies and CSOs meeting of the PCOCP. The meeting gathered 35 partici- in South-Eastern Europe. Through testimonies and experi- pants (18 women and 17 men), including OSCE representa- ences from Europe and South America, 20 participants (11 tives and Chief Prosecutors from 13 jurisdictions across the women; 9 men) enhanced their knowledge on how assets OSCE area. Participants discussed their achievements over confiscated from organized crime can serve the societies the last five years and the use of the Permanent Conference through different forms of re-use, such as social enterpris- for addressing cross-border co-operation and best practices es, shelters for victims, agricultural co-operatives, and social in the investigations and prosecutions of organized crime in spaces for youth, among others. The aim of the workshop the OSCE area. was to raise awareness of the benefits of social re-use of confiscated assets and to promote the importance of the On 28-29 April and 17-18 May, under the ExB project on close relationship between asset management agencies and asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe and jointly with CSOs throughout the social re-use process.

20  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

From 14 to 18 June, jointly with the Permanent Mission of a total of 15 participants (5 women; 10 male) by providing the the Republic of Türkiye to the OSCE, TNTD/SPMU facilitated course material, expert mentorship, and covering the exam the organization of an online training course for 30 criminal fees. The activities and certifications equip practitioners with justice practitioners (6 women; 24 men) from Kazakhstan, specialized knowledge and skills in conducting financial in- Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The training course, focused on vestigations and enhance regional and international co-oper- countering transnational organized crime, was provided by ation, while also creating in-house expertise within the bene- the Turkish International Academy against Drugs and Organ- ficiary participating States. ized Crime (TADOC). The course addressed a wide variety of important issues, including the detection of crime revenues, From 30 August to 3 September, under the ExB project special investigation measures in organized crime investiga- on asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe and jointly with tions, and the fight against smuggling, money laundering and OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU supported a five-day online workshop terrorist financing. on OSINT for ten investigators (3 women; 7 men) from the State Investigation and Protection Agency of Bosnia and From 14 to 18 June, jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU sup- Herzegovina. Through theoretical and practical sessions, the ported a five-day national workshop in Albania on develop- workshop aimed at equipping the practitioners with skills on ing intelligence through open source internet research. The how to plan an online investigation, useful web search tech- workshop enhanced the skills of 12 criminal justice profes- niques and resources, the internet architecture as well as on sionals (7 women, 5 men) from Albania on the strategic use how to find, capture and analyse data from public sources of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) in conducting financial when conducting criminal and financial investigations. investigations. The workshop included sessions on ad- vanced web search, the use of internet databases, evidence On 27 September, TNTD/SPMU took part in the co-ordina- capture, investigations of digital images, and other relevant tion meeting organized by the Regional Anti-Corruption Ini- topics. Participants gained in-depth knowledge about the ar- tiative and the Advice on Individual Rights in Europe (AIRE) chitecture of the internet and how to navigate it effectively in Centre. The meeting aimed to map current asset recovery support of financial investigations. projects in the Western Balkans and to provide a platform for exchange of information, co-operation and networking. In July, under the ExB project on asset recovery in Participants to the meeting included representatives from South-Eastern Europe and jointly with OCEEA and the UNODC, the GIZ, the CoE, the Centre for International Legal GI-TOC, TNTD/SPMU supported the development of the Cooperation (CILC) and other organizations. report titled Illicit Financial Flows: The Lifeblood of Crime and Corruption. The report was then shared with the five On 29 September, jointly with the OSCE Mission to Ser- beneficiary States of the project. Through the same initia- bia and the OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU facilitated the Executive tive, TNTD/SPMU also supported the development of the Board Meeting of the PCOCP. During the meeting, held on- Summary Report of the Practical Application of the Law on line, participants discussed the nomination of the future host Seizure and Confiscation in South-Eastern Europe, which of the Secretariat and topics to be covered in the next gen- provides specific recommendations for national lawmakers, eral meeting, scheduled to take place in November. TNTD/ prosecutors, judges and ministries of internal affairs. Both SPMU supports the PCOCP through the cross-dimension- reports aim to contribute to the work of criminal justice pro- al ExB project on asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe. fessionals in the fight against transnational organized crime The support to this network is key in achieving the project’s in the region and beyond. overarching objective, which is to strengthen the fight against transnational organized crime through improved regional On 22-23 August and 27 September, under the ExB project co-operation, including among prosecutors. on asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe and jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU supported a joint meeting of partic- From 4 to 6 October, in co-operation with the OSCE Mission ipants from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro to Bosnia and Herzegovina and jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/ and North Macedonia, enrolled in the courses for Certified SPMU conducted a country visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Fraud Examiner (CFE) and Certified Anti-Money Laundering The objective of this country visit was to discuss the progress Specialist (CAMS) certifications. The events gathered nine of the ExB project on asset recovery in South-Eastern Eu- participants (2 women; 7 men) in August, and 12 participants rope. The team held 13 meetings with project counterparts (5 women; 7 men) in September, giving participants an op- and relevant institutions in the Federation of Bosnia and Her- portunity to discuss the progress with the course material, zegovina and Republika Srpska, including the Prosecutor’s challenges faced, and support needed in their preparation for Office and the MoJ of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the agencies the final certification exams. Overall, TNTD/SPMU supported for the management of seized property in the Federation of

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Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, the Delega- representatives of the four project donors – Italy, Germany, tion of the EU to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and a local CSO. the United States of America (United States) and the United The team also assessed the specific needs of these institu- Kingdom – provided statements endorsing the work of the tions with the aim of addressing them through a potential project. Phase II of the project (2022-2025). On 6 December, in co-operation with the OSCE Mission to From 27 to 29 October, jointly with GIZ and OCEEA, TNTD/ Serbia and jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU convened the SPMU supported the third Annual General Meeting (AGM) seventh meeting of the PCOCP. During the meeting, repre- of the BAMIN. The event, held in Tirana in a blended for- sentatives of the 12 prosecutor’s offices elected Bulgaria as mat, gathered 56 participants (22 women; 34 men), among the new host of the PCOCP Secretariat, taking over the role whom representatives of asset management agencies from from Serbia. 16 jurisdictions, the BAMIN Secretariat, the OSCE, the GIZ, and Europol. The meeting included field visits to a confis- On 9 December, in co-operation with the OSCE Academy cated car storage facility in Shkodra and to a confiscated in Bishkek and jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU organized farm administered by the Agency for the Administration of a national workshop on strengthening youth crime and illic- Seized and Confiscated Assets in Albania. The AGM provid- it drug use prevention, in the framework of the ExB project ed a unique platform for networking and exchange of infor- on youth crime prevention. The workshop, held in Bishkek, mation among the representatives of the asset management provided an opportunity to discuss youth initiatives on crime agencies. Moreover, participants held bilateral meetings on prevention, as well as main challenges and best practices the margins of the AGM. among practitioners. The event gathered 40 representatives (24 women; 16 men) from Kyrgyzstan’s MoI, Ministry of Ed- On 29 October, TNTD/SPMU participated and delivered ucation, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Culture, Information, opening remarks at the official inauguration of the social en- Sports and Youth, as well as representatives from academia terprise My Craft Tradition, built on a confiscated property and CS. During the workshop, experts introduced the UNO- in Elbasan, Albania. Jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU sup- DC Education4Justice and Global Programme on Prevention ported this social re-use project by funding the refurbishment materials, which provide teachers, professors and CS rep- of the confiscated property, as well as by providing experts resentatives with guidance on how to educate youth on the to support the business development of the enterprise, as dangers of organized crime, corruption and illicit drug use. part of the ExB project on asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe. The social enterprise became operational in Sep- On 13 December, jointly with the OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU tember and since then employs and trains 21 women com- launched the new OSCE-wide ExB project on youth crime ing from vulnerable backgrounds, with several other women prevention. The event introduced the project objective and expressing interest in the work of the enterprise. its implementation strategy to OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation, providing an overview of the In October and November, jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU activities foreseen in 2022, in co-operation with the project supported three five-day online workshops on using OSINT partner UNODC. The OSCE Academy in Bishkek, the imple- for criminal investigations for 30 participants (11 women; 19 menting partner for this project in Central Asia, provided de- men) from North Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. The tailed insights about the next project activities in 2022 in Cen- workshops aimed to equip criminal justice professionals with tral Asia, while UNODC introduced the Global Programme for techniques, tools and resources in using open source data Prevention materials, which will be used during the project for their criminal investigations. Specifically, the workshops implementation. comprised of sessions on how to find, collect and analyse publicly available data on social media, journals, databases On 14 December, TNTD/SPMU contributed to the UNODC and other sources. event on strategies to prevent and combat organized crime in South-Eastern Europe, presenting the OSCE’s compre- On 19 November, jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU con- hensive approach in assisting participating States in pre- vened a technical briefing on OSCE’s role in the fight against venting and combating this phenomenon, and providing transnational organized crime and corruption. The event concrete examples of assistance and its results. Gathering highlighted the two-year achievements of the ExB project on international, regional and national representatives, UNODC asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe. During the event, elaborated on its support to countries in South-Eastern Eu- project counterparts from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina rope in developing strategies against organized crime in line and Serbia presented best regional practices and challeng- with provisions of the UN Convention against Transnational es related to asset recovery in the beneficiary States, while Organized Crime, and presented the recently launched Or-

22  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

ganized Crime Strategy Toolkit for Developing High-Impact corruption and other forms of organized crime. They noted Strategies. TNTD/SPMU highlighted the OSCE’s three-pillar the low global level of confiscated proceeds of crime related strategy to combat and prevent organized crime, including: to money-laundering arising from illicit drug trafficking. They better understanding the phenomenon and enhancing the also highlighted the growing criminal misuse of information co-operation between security actors and the financial sys- and communications technologies for illicit drug-related ac- tem, strengthening asset recovery, and fostering a culture of tivities. Increased availability of illicit drugs, contactless meth- lawfulness and resilience. ods of their delivery and recent developments in Afghanistan could have a negative impact on the security situation in the On 15 December, jointly with OCEEA, TNTD/SPMU launched OSCE area and beyond. an Implementing Partnership Agreement (IPA) with the Cen- tre for Civil Society Promotion (CPCD), a CSO in Bosnia and On 7 and 8 October, TNTD/SPMU attended online UNODC’s Herzegovina. The capacity-building IPA aims to create an en- Paris Pact Initiative Expert WG meeting on tackling financial abling environment for social re-use of confiscated assets in flows linked to illicit traffic in opiates originating in Afghani- Bosnia and Herzegovina through CS participation. stan. The meeting aimed to discuss and share experience, promote good practices and responses to illicit drug-related threats, including on tackling illicit financial flows, encourag- llicit Drugs and Chemical ing interregional and regional co-operation. The OSCE sup- Precursors ports UNODC’s Paris Pact Initiative which is a global platform for concrete actions aimed at reducing trafficking in opiates, On 3 and 4 February, TNTD/SPMU held online meetings with including their cultivation, production and global consump- representatives of UNODC to co-ordinate activities related tion. to anti-drug training courses for the Afghan law enforcement officers to be organized in 2021 in the Russian Federation. On 12 and 13 October, TNTD/SPMU attended online the TNTD/SPMU and UNODC discussed options to share and CoE Pompidou Group 14th Annual Meeting of the Interna- cross-check databases of trainees to prevent their recurrent tional Network on the Control of the Diversion of Precur- participation in respective future trainings. sors used to manufacture illicit drugs. The meeting aimed to share experience and discuss latest developments in tack- On 1 June, TNTD/SPMU supported the Swedish Chair in ling the trafficking in illicit drugs and the diversion of chemi- organizing the OSCE-wide Conference on Combating the cal precursors. TNTD/SPMU contributed to discussions on Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion of Chemical Precur- addressing transnational organized crime directly involved sors: Addressing Trafficking in Drugs and Organized Crime in the illicit trade of narcotic drugs and the diversion of their by Following the Money. The event, held in a blended for- precursors. Participants were also updated on the outcomes mat, gathered a total of 203 participants (78 women; 125 of the 2021 OSCE-wide anti-drug conference dedicated to men). Experts addressed money laundering, corruption and addressing trafficking in illicit drugs and organized crime by illicit financial flows linked to different illicit markets and their following the money. negative impact on economic development, competition, and social equality. Participants discussed measures to up- From 15 to 17 November, TNTD/SPMU assisted the OSCE hold human rights, promote gender mainstreaming and mul- Programme Office in Dushanbe in organizing a three-day ti-stakeholder partnerships as part of illicit drug control poli- online workshop for officers of Tajikistan’s Drugs Control cies to fight transnational organized crime. Recognizing the Agency (DCA) on countering trafficking in illicit drugs via the threat of organized crime and trafficking in illicit drugs for the internet and specifics of initial investigations. Some 20 of- OSCE area, participants called upon the OSCE to continue ficers (men) from operational and investigation departments providing awareness-raising and capacity-building activities of DCA improved their knowledge on the basics and initial in the focus areas of South-Eastern Europe and Central Asia. actions in the fight against illicit drug trafficking on the inter- net. Participants also learned how to apply special investi- From 20 to 24 September, TNTD/SPMU participated as ob- gation techniques aimed at seizing and inspecting electronic server at the 2021 Extraordinary Session of the subsidiary documents and ICT devices, making audio, photo and video bodies of the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND), recordings and their entries into the crime scene protocol. organized by UNODC. Participants discussed challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the From 13 to 15 December, upon request of the OSCE Pro- world illicit drugs problem, and reviewed good practices and gramme Office in Bishkek, TNTD/SPMU organized a train- opportunities as well as actions to address them. Experts em- ing course for Kyrgyzstan’s MoI on tackling trafficking in illicit phasized the increasing links between illicit drug trafficking, drugs and illicit drug-related crimes facilitated by the Dark

23 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

in the framework of the ExB project Capacity-Building on Web and cryptocurrencies. A total of 15 participants (1 wom- Combating Cybercrime in Central Asia, in order to prepare an; 14 men) explored concepts related to hidden networks, for implementation of the project’s first phase starting later including the Dark Web, addressed the misuse of crypto- in the autumn. To avoid overlap and complement the exist- currencies and official payment systems through which illicit ing efforts, TNTD/SPMU also held a number of co-ordina- drugs can be purchased. Participants also enhanced their tion meetings with relevant stakeholders as well as UNODC, knowledge about the role of cryptocurrencies in illicit drug-re- the CoE, and INTERPOL. To ensure efficient use of funds lated crimes and explored anti-money laundering methods. provided by the project’s main donor, exchange information about the existing efforts as well as explore potential areas of On 15 and 16 December, TNTD/SPMU participated in UNO- co-operation, informal meetings have also been held with the DC’s Paris Pact Initiative meeting on regional co-operation in United States Embassies in Central Asia. tackling illicit drugs trafficking from Afghanistan. The meeting aimed to share OSCE’s experience in promoting regional an- ti-drug co-operation in support of global efforts in tackling the On 26 February, TNTD/SPMU attended the CoE’s 8th meet- world illicit drugs problem. Participants discussed and pro- ing of the Protocol Drafting Plenary of the Cybercrime Con- moted best practices and responses to tackle illicit drug-re- vention Committee, which represents the State Parties to lated threats, encouraged interregional and wide internation- the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime. The aim of the al co-operation in addressing the threat of illicit drugs. TNTD/ meeting was to prepare the second Additional Protocol to SPMU will explore options to support UNODC in hosting one the Convention. The OSCE was invited to participate as an of the expert group meetings in 2022. observer alongside many other international organizations, such as UNODC, INTERPOL, the EU and the G7 High-Tech Crime Subgroup. Trafficking in Human Beings On 24 June, TNTD/SPMU contributed to the 2021 Kuban On 1 March, TNTD/SPMU was invited to participate in an Cyber-Security Conference, an open platform for dialogue International Seminar on Human Trafficking organized by the between representatives of state authorities, businesses, Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). The seminar, held experts and youth on topical issues related to the protec- in a blended format, gathered a wide range of stakehold- tion against cyber threats. TNTD/SPMU contributed with a ers, including law enforcement, policymakers, public service presentation on the OSCE’s police-related activities that aim providers, NGOs, private sector companies, survivors and to address cybercrime, during the plenary session entitled the general public. Participants discussed three main topics: Countering the Criminal Use of ICTs: Prospects for Inter- finance (tracking of financial flows), intelligence (the use of national Co-operation. The purpose of this plenary was to new technologies in the fight against trafficking), and busi- discuss the problems of combating crimes committed with ness (development of good practices for the eradication of the use of ICTs, as well as the development of measures forced labour). aimed at increasing the efficiency of international exchange of information and co-operation in this area. On 16 June, jointly with ODIHR, TNTD/SPMU organized an online side event entitled Community Policing and Address- On 29 June, TNTD/SPMU contributed to a workshop on the ing Demand for Trafficking in Human Beings on the margins prevention and investigation of cybercrimes, organized by of the 21st Conference of the Alliance against Trafficking in the OSCE Presence in Albania and held in Tirana in blended Persons. The purpose of the side event was to provide a format. TNTD/SPMU presented the OSCE’s mandate in this forum for reflection on community policing in relation to the specific area and highlighted the need to enhance interna- prevention of THB. It included the promotion of a dialogue tional and regional co-operation by investing more resources between law enforcement and communities at large, and in the national and regional mechanisms that promote ex- those at risk of trafficking in particular, and examined prom- change of information, applying the existing international le- ising practices by law enforcement agencies from across the gal tools available. OSCE area.

On 28 and 29 June, TNTD/SPMU participated in the 2nd Cybercrime and edition of the African Cybercrime Forum, organized by the Cyber/ICT Security African Union Commission and the CoE. The Forum was held virtually and focused on cybercrime policies and leg- In the first half of 2021, in close co-operation with the rele- islative updates in Africa, and international co-operation on vant OSCE field operations and the Central Asian participat- cybercrime and electronic evidence. Participants included ing States’ Delegations in Vienna, TNTD/SPMU continued officials from African Union Member States and specialized the assessment of capacities of the beneficiary countries

24  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

agencies across the continent, as well as regional and in- included an integrated module on human rights compliance ternational partners such as INTERPOL, the EU, the Com- in cybercrime investigations, with a tailored perspective on monwealth Secretariat, the United Kingdom Foreign, Com- the identification and handling of digital evidence. monwealth and Development Office, and the United States Department of Justice, among others. From 25 to 29 October, in the framework of the ExB project on combating cybercrime in Central Asia, TNTD/SPMU de- From 5 to 14 September, jointly with the MFA of Armenia, livered a five-day online training course aimed at providing TNTD/SPMU organized a visit of an international expert 29 criminal justice practitioners (1 woman; 28 men) from the (man) to Yerevan within the framework of ExB project Ca- region with basic theoretical knowledge and practical skills in pacity Building on Combating and Preventing Cybercrime in the investigation of crimes facilitated by the use of the Dark Armenia. The purpose of the visit was to assess the state of Web and virtual currencies. The course, based on training play of the existing databases serving directly or indirectly to materials developed by the European Cybercrime Training efficiently fight the criminal phenomena and enable effective and Education Group (ECTEG), covered topics such as cryp- exchange of information on investigations, where evidence tocurrency seizing, Blockchain analysis, obfuscation tech- cannot be shared without electronic support. The assess- niques, anonymous communication services, and searching ment was a necessary pre-requisite for the TNTD/SPMU to the Dark Web. It also included a tailored session on human provide better support to Armenia in creating a database for rights compliance in the investigation and prosecution of cy- cybercrime cases, upon confirmation of the request for sup- bercrime cases. port by the Armenian government. The bilingual (Armenian and English) assessment report has been finalized and dis- On 3 November, in the framework of the ExB project on seminated through the Ministry among the competent state combating cybercrime in Central Asia, TNTD/SPMU organ- authorities. ized the First Regional Co-ordination Meeting for Cybercrime Practitioners and Experts in Central Asia. The meeting, held On 7 September, in close co-operation with UNODC, INTER- online, served as a platform to co-ordinate the implemen- POL and CoE’s Cybercrime Programme Office, TNTD/SPMU tation of project activities at the regional level, facilitate in- organized a technical briefing for OSCE delegations on ca- formation-sharing as well as exchange of experience and pacity-building initiatives in the area of cybercrime. The brief- best practices, and build networks and working relationships ing, held in Vienna in a blended format, aimed at providing among relevant practitioners and experts in Central Asia. The the OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation main purpose of the meeting was to assess the delivery of with up-to-date information about current and future capac- training courses, discuss upcoming project activities, as well ity-building initiatives for better addressing cybercrime, and as share information on the new developments in the area of served as a venue for furthering continued co-ordination and cybercrime. collaboration at the international level. From 22 to 26 November, TNTD/SPMU delivered online the From 20 to 24 September, in the framework of the ExB pro- second five-day ToT course on cybercrime for 20 criminal ject on combating cybercrime in Central Asia, TNTD/SPMU justice practitioners (3 women; 17 men) from the region. The delivered online a first five-day training of trainers (ToT) course course aimed to provide practitioners with the knowledge for 25 criminal justice practitioners (8 women; 17 men) from and skills necessary for developing and delivering profes- the region. The course aimed at providing participants with sional training courses on this topic and was continuation of knowledge and skills necessary for developing and delivering the first course delivered on 20-24 September. With a strong professional training courses on cybercrime. With a strong emphasis on interactive exercises and practical skills, the emphasis on interactive exercises and practical skills, the training course covered topics such as training development, training course also included an integrated module on hu- delivery and flow, and training evaluation and assessment. It man rights compliance in the investigation and prosecution also included a tailored session on human rights compliance of cybercrime cases. in the investigation and prosecution of cybercrime cases.

From 27 September to 1 October, in the framework of the From 6 to 10 December, in the framework of the ExB project ExB project on combating cybercrime in Central Asia, TNTD/ on combating cybercrime in Central Asia, TNTD/SPMU de- SPMU delivered a five-day online training course for 30 crim- livered a five-day online training course on internet investiga- inal justice practitioners (5 women; 25 men), in particular first tions and OSINT gathering for 25 criminal justice practition- responders, from the region. The course aimed at providing ers (2 women; 23 men) from the region. The course aimed to participants with basic understanding on how to secure dig- provide basic technical skills and competencies required by ital evidence and conduct basic online investigations. It also an online investigator, in line with Europol’s EC3/CEPOL/EC-

25 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

TEG Training Competency Framework for Cybercrime. The In 2021, TNTD/SPMU, with the support of two international course covered topics such as OSINT gathering methodolo- experts (men) from the Netherlands and Slovenia, has pro- gy and tradecraft, social network investigations, search and duced a first draft of the OSCE Guidelines on Human Rights collection of intelligence for countering terrorism online, and Compliance in Cybercrime Investigations. The guidelines, human rights compliance in online investigations. targeting criminal justice professionals, cover topics such as international human rights legal instruments and organi- From 20 to 24 December, in the framework of ExB project zations; cybercrime investigation-specific procedural power on combating cybercrime in Armenia and jointly with the CoE and human rights safeguards; overview of the relevant af- and with the support of the MFA of Armenia, TNTD/SPMU fected human rights and European Convention on Human organized a training course on introduction to open source Rights jurisprudence; and case studies. The guidelines, pro- IT forensics and network investigations. The course, held in duced as part of the ExB project on combating cybercrime in Yerevan, gathered 18 participants (7 women; 11 men) from Central Asia, will be officially presented to the OSCE partici- the Police, the GPO, the National Security Service and the In- pating States in 2022. vestigative Committee of the Republic of Armenia. It focused on two main fields: open source intelligence and basic digital forensics, and was delivered by two international cybercrime experts (men).

TNTD/SPMU – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 73 Total Analysis of Lessons

98 7 Learned, Assessments and Guidelines Training 18

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 39%  ACTIVITIES ON  61% by Criminal Activity

26  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

2.2 TNTD/Action against Terrorism Unit

Activities Related to Threats highlighted throughout the event. The webinar provided a Posed by Criminal Activity platform to review and examine current and emerging is- sues related to the national designation of illicit and terrorist content online, and on how online platforms address these Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT questions through their “terms of service”. Experts also dis- cussed how initiatives addressing violent extremist and ter- On 14 January, TNTD/ATU published and circulated a Per- rorist content online might negatively affect human rights. ception Paper reflecting nonbinding recommendations ad- vanced during the OSCE-wide Counter-Terrorism Confer- On 14 April, TNTD/ATU participated in the online symposi- ence, organized by the Albanian OSCE Chair with TNTD/ um on supporting victims of terrorism in cross-border situ- ATU’s support on 14 and 15 September 2020 and held in ations, organized within the CoE Network of Single Contact Vienna in a blended format. The Perception Paper contains Points for the exchange of procedural information regarding a summary of key findings of the discussions during the five the legal standing of victims of terrorism. Presentations and plenary sessions of the conference, as well as of the sev- discussions touched upon practical examples on challenges en side events organized on the margins of this OSCE-wide related to victim identification, psychological support or logis- event. tical aspects following an attack, including shelter, medical assistance, or response-time. TNTD/ATU contributed to a On 2 March, TNTD/ATU participated in the Plenary Meeting panel discussion on addressing the needs of victims in the of the Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF) WG on Justice context of counter-terrorism capacity-building. and Rule of Law, held online. The meeting served to take stock of the national and international efforts in promoting On 15 April, TNTD/ATU contributed to the Joint OSCE Par- the implementation of various GCTF good practices memo- liamentary Assembly (PA) - Parliamentary Assembly of the randa in the legal field, as well as to adjust the WG's future Mediterranean (PAM) Working Session on assessing the plans. TNTD/ATU gave an overview of the OSCE’s efforts in terrorist threat and efforts to prevent violent extremism. The preventing and countering terrorism, particularly in the areas Working Session was part of an International Parliamentary related to criminal justice, law enforcement and respect for Conference organized online by the OSCE PA, the PAM, the human rights. Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the UN Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) and other partners. While On 12 March, TNTD/ATU organized a webinar entitled Ter- the conference provided a platform to discuss the prevail- rorist Use of the Internet: Designation of Illicit Content Online ing issues of terrorism and violent extremism worldwide, the and Gaps in Regulatory Frameworks with the support of the Working Session that TNTD/ATU contributed to aimed at a Albanian Chair of the OSCE Asian Partners for Co-operation better understanding of evolving trends of the terrorist threat, Group and the OSCE External Co-operation Section. The particularly against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandem- event brought together 182 participants (72 women; 110 ic, as well as at evaluating ongoing international efforts to men), including experts and high-level officials from across prevent all forms of violent extremism. the OSCE area. It built on the OSCE roundtable discussion titled Leveraging Innovation and Technology to Address 21st On 20 and 21 April, TNTD/ATU supported the Swedish Century Security Challenges and Crises across the OSCE OSCE Chair in organizing the annual OSCE-wide Counter and Asian Partners for Co-operation, held in November Terrorism Conference, held in Vienna in a blended format and 2020. Experts, including the OSCE Representative on Free- gathering 591 participants (250 women; 341 men) from the dom of the Media as well as researchers and practitioners OSCE area. During the conference, high-level representatives from think tanks and academia in Canada, Italy and Japan, and experts from governments, state agencies, the OSCE shared innovative approaches and expert advice on desig- participating States and Partners for Co-operation, the UN nating and moderating violent extremist and terrorist content and other international organizations, as well as representa- online. The importance of transparency, remedy mechanism tives from the public and private sector, CS, and academia and accountability in pertinent regulatory frameworks was shared good practices and lessons learned. Participants dis-

27 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

cussed specifically how to address the root causes of violent From 18 to 21 August, together with the Anti-Terrorist Center extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism (VERLT), under the State Committee for National Security of Kyr- including the importance of ensuring human rights-compli- gyzstan and the OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek, TNTD/ ance in policy and practice. The Conference also provided ATU organized the Eight Annual Anti-Terrorism Experts a platform to discuss the importance of ensuring that tools Meeting. The meeting, held in a blended format in Issyk-Kul, for preventing terrorism and VERLT online uphold freedom of gathered 48 national and international experts (8 women; 40 expression. men), including representatives of relevant ministries and law enforcement agencies from Kyrgyzstan, the GPO, UNODC On 11 May, in co-operation with the MFA and the Financial and ODIHR. Discussions focused on the exchange of good Monitoring Department of the Ministry of Finance and Econ- practices on the necessary conditions for effective interna- omy of Turkmenistan, TNTD/ATU organized a Regional Con- tional co-operation and how Kyrgyzstan can involve all na- ference on countering terrorist financing and transnational tional stakeholders in preventing and responding to terrorism organized crime, held in Vienna in a blended format. The and violent extremism. The Annual Anti-Terrorism Experts event gathered 200 senior experts, government officials and Meeting is a platform for ongoing exchange between the representatives of regional and international organizations, Anti-Terrorist Centre under the State Committee for National including the UN. Participants exchanged good practices, Security of Kyrgyzstan and the OSCE Programme Office in lessons learned, and recommendations for policy options Bishkek. for developing effective ways of detecting and suppressing terrorist financing channels and combating organized crime. On 25 and 26 August, and 15 and 16 September, TNTD/ The conference discussions built on the recommendations ATU contributed to the Central Asia Regional Workshop on made during the OSCE High-Level Regional Conference on International Co-operation in Cases of Cross-Border Inves- countering terrorist financing and addressing potential links tigation of Terrorism-Related Offences, organized by UNO- with organized crime, held in Ashgabat on 17 and 18 April DC’s Terrorism Prevention Branch. The events focused on 2019. international legal frameworks and practices in counter-ter- rorism co-operation. In the first event, TNTD/ATU presented On 19 and 20 May, TNTD/ATU participated in ODIHR’s on the parameters of the international legal counter-terrorism sub-regional online workshop on protecting human rights framework, while in the second one, on its work in the area while countering terrorism. Experts took stock of ongoing of countering the use of the internet for terrorist purposes, in- and emerging human rights challenges in the development cluding plans for future activities in Central Asia. During both and implementation of counter-terrorism legislation, policy events, discussions focused on the challenges faced by na- and practice, including with regard to returning foreign ter- tional agencies engaged with the prevention and investiga- rorist fighters (FTFs). The workshop facilitated an exchange tion of terrorism related offences in cross-border contexts. of experiences and good practices between state and non- state actors, with a particular focus on the impact that re- From 15 to 17 September, jointly with the OSCE field oper- sponses to terrorism can have on domestic rule of law and ations in Central Asia, TNTD/ATU organized online the Cen- human rights frameworks, civil liberties and fundamental tral Asia Expert Dialogue on Age- and Gender-Sensitivity in freedoms. managing FTF returnees, which focused on good practices in the treatment of FTF returnees. The event gathered 75 partic- In June, TNTD/ATU completed a self-evaluation of its ExB ipants (39 women; 36 men), among whom government and project's E-learning course on countering the use of the international experts, academics, policymakers, and CS from internet for terrorist purposes. The e-learning course was all across the OSCE area, to discuss the treatment of women launched in May 2020 and is available in English and Russian and children associated with FTFs, including their prosecu- languages on the OSCE e-learning platform. The evaluation tion, rehabilitation and reintegration. The event provided an gathered 1,166 users (393 women; 683 men; 90 persons overview of the situation that these women and children face did not provide information on their gender) from 115 coun- in different regions of the OSCE. Discussions addressed the tries and different backgrounds. A total of 534 persons (198 importance of gender-responsive programmes and individu- women; 287 men; 49 did not provide information on their ally tailored approaches to helping returning women disen- gender) successfully completed the course and received gage and reintegrate into society. The expert dialogue also electronic certificates. According to the feedback received, addressed the need for age-sensitive support in rehabilitating the e-course became a part of mandatory training courses and reintegrating FTF-affiliated children and juvenile offenders. for internships in several intelligence and private companies worldwide in the field of preventing and countering violent On 23 and 24 September, TNTD/ATU attended the South- extremism and terrorism online. East Europe Police Chiefs Association Conference, held in

28  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

Budva in a blended format. The event was hosted by the to inform the review process of Serbia’s National Strategy Police Directorate of Montenegro's MoI, with the support for the Prevention and Countering of Terrorism 2017-2021. of the OSCE Mission to Montenegro. Participating police The event, which provided a platform for dialogue between experts from South-Eastern Europe focused on examining CS, the security sector, other government representatives, two aspects of cybercrime: countering online radicalization as well as academia and experts from the OSCE, the EU that leads to violent extremism and countering online sex- and the UN, gathered 70 participants (45 women; 25 men) ual exploitation of children. During the meeting, TNTD/ATU and 27 speakers and moderators (13 women; 14 men). The presented its work in the field of countering the use of the seminar is part of the series of more than a dozen nation- internet for terrorist purposes, including plans for future ac- al seminars organized by TNTD/ATU since 2012 to support tivities in the region. The conference facilitated an exchange OSCE participating States in developing inclusive, human of experiences on the relevant emerging threats and placed a rights-compliant and gender-sensitive national P/C violent special emphasis on the importance of reinforcing a regional extremism and counter-terrorism strategies and action plans. response through the joint exchange of data on the exploita- tion of the internet for criminal purposes.

On 14 October, TNTD/ATU participated in the EU Working Party on Terrorism – International Aspects (COTER), at the invitation of the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the EU. During the meeting, which focused on post-COVID-19 pandemic counter-terrorism challenges in the Western Bal- kans, the OSCE Co-ordinator of Activities to Address Trans- national Threats presented the work of TNTD in the area of counter-terrorism and P/C VERLT, highlighting the role of the OSCE’s wide net of field operations and long-term projects.

On 14 and 15 October, jointly with the OSCE PA’s Ad Hoc Committee on Countering Terrorism, TNTD/ATU organized the Regional Policy Dialogue on the rehabilitation and reinte- gration of FTFs and their families, with a focus on South-East- ern Europe. The event gathered, online and in person, 106 representatives (43 women; 63 men) from relevant legisla- tive committees from the region and selected neighbour- OSCE supported national seminar on a whole-of-society ing countries, experts from OSCE participating States and approach to P/C VERLT in Serbia, November 2021.  OSCE/Milan Obradovic UN agencies, as well as CSOs and academia. Participants discussed strategies and policies for effective and human rights-compliant prosecution, rehabilitation and reintegration of FTFs and their families. On 7 and 8 December, jointly with UNODC and the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe (POiD), TNTD/ATU organ- From 3 to 5 November, in co-operation with ODIHR and the ized a needs assessment seminar on the Practical Guide OSCE Mission to Skopje, TNTD/ATU organized a training for Requesting Electronic Evidence Across Borders. The course on developing and strengthening the engagement event, held in blended format, gathered 21 participants (6 between the police and communities in P/C VERLT. The women; 15 men) from relevant criminal justice and law en- course gathered 20 police officers and community members forcement agencies. Experts aimed to identify the needs of and local governmental agencies and was designed based government agencies and line ministries on how to obtain on the OSCE guidebook Preventing Terrorism and Counter- electronic evidence from foreign service providers while in- ing Violent Extremism that Lead to Terrorism: A Community vestigating crimes committed using the internet and social Policing Approach. media, including by violent extremists and terrorists. Dur- ing the seminar, experts from UNODC, TNTD, ODIHR, and On 25 and 26 November, TNTD/ATU supported the organ- the POiD presented a recently developed ToT course that ization of a National Seminar on a “whole-of-society” ap- aims at providing relevant training institutions with tools to proach to P/C VERLT, organized by the Serbian Ministry of deliver courses on requesting electronic evidence from for- Human and Minority Rights and Social Dialogue in co-oper- eign-based service providers, by adapting the course to na- ation with the OSCE Mission to Serbia. The seminar aimed tional curricula.

29 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

On 14 and 15 December, TNTD/ATU contributed to online Children in Terrorism. For its presentation on the situation of discussions organized by the EU’s Radicalization Awareness women and children associated with FTFs, TNTD/ATU relied Network (RAN) focusing on the reintegration and rehabilita- on the outcomes of a number of related events organized by tion of FTFs and their family members returning from formerly the OSCE. The presentation also touched upon the efforts terrorist-controlled territories in Syria and Iraq. The event pro- of OSCE field operations in Central Asia and South-Eastern vided an overview of current challenges and trends as well Europe in this regard. as existing practices and approaches in the management of returnees. It also enabled an exchange between research, Throughout 2021, and as part of the multiannual Training practice, and policy on core aspects of returnee manage- Programme on Countering the Financing of Terrorism (CFT) ment: linking the rehabilitation of FTFs within and outside of in partnership with UNODC, TNTD/ATU organized six cours- prison female returnees and related gender-sensitive rehabili- es for five OSCE participating States, namely Albania, Bosnia tation and reintegration efforts, and working with child return- and Herzegovina, Kyrgyzstan, North Macedonia, and Uzbek- ees. The outcomes of the discussions will contribute to the istan. The courses are implemented jointly by UNODC and development of RAN guidance material on the management TNTD/ATU upon the request of OSCE participating States. of returning FTFs, women, and children, which will also in- The objective of the training programme is to assist in the form ongoing and planned OSCE efforts in this area. implementation of relevant international CFT commitments and standards and allow the involved participating States to On 15 and 16 December, TNTD/ATU contributed to the build their own training capability in CFT. CoE’s International Conference on the Roles of Women and

TNTD/ATU – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 18 Total Analysis of Lessons 28 3 Learned, Assessments Training 7 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 0%  ACTIVITIES ON  100% by Criminal Activity

30  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

2.3 TNTD/Border Security and Management Unit

Activities Related to Threats United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 2347 Posed by Criminal Activity (2017), was the third of its kind, following the previous two joint WCO-OSCE PITCH training courses held in Central Asia in 2019 and in South-Eastern Europe in 2020. Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters On 18 March, TNTD/BSMU organized an online roundtable on how vaccine travel documents can be used in the OSCE In 2021, TNTD/BSMU developed a five-year TNTD-wide pro- area and what consequences this brings on the operations gramme on the combating of the illicit cross-border traffick- of border security agencies. The event provided an opportu- ing in cultural property (TCP) in the OSCE area as a follow up nity to enhance knowledge and ideas on a rapidly developing of an ExB project implemented by TNTD/BSMU since 2016. subject, bringing together 102 participants (33 women; 69 men) from OSCE’s Border Security and Management (BSM) In October, TNTD/BSMU launched the curriculum for the National Focal Points (NFP) Network, along with experts and post-graduate studies on TCP for law enforcement officers of representatives from OSCE participating States, the Inter- the OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation, national Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), the International developed in close co-operation with the Donau Krems Uni- Air Transport Authority (IATA), and the United Nations World versity, Austria. Jointly with OSCE Communication and Media Tourism Organization. TNTD/BSMU will continue to moni- Relations Section (COMMS), TNTD/BSMU developed a pod- tor developments in vaccine passport implementation and cast on TCP to further promote the importance of the topic facilitate connections between NFPs and the World Health and to gain more visibility. The three initial test episodes, re- Organization (WHO), the IATA and the ICAO. corded in 2021, will be completed and distributed to a broad public in 2022, via platforms such as Spotify. TNTD/BSMU On 25 March, TNTD/BSMU finalized the first online platform also developed a Cultural Property Protection Resources on the OSCE Mobile Training Team (MTT) curriculum on the Platform under OSCE POLIS platform, uploading handbooks detection of FTFs at borders, aimed to benefit Border Po- and guidelines for border, police and customs officers and lice and law enforcement agencies from OSCE participating introducing a section for military personnel to increase aware- States and Partners for Co-operation. The two week self- ness and learning on the phenomenon and how to address it. paced learning program provides general information about FTFs, modules on travel document security and risk assess- From 15 to 18 March, in co-operation with the World Cus- ment and risk analysis, including lectures on behavioural toms Organization (WCO), TNTD/BSMU organized an online analysis and interviewing techniques. The course includes training course on the prevention of illicit trafficking cultural TNTD/BSMU online support, two Q&A sessions and a final heritage (PITCH) for 24 customs officers (14 women; 10 men) exam with participation certified by TNTD/BSMU. from Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and In April, TNTD/BSMU organized an online workshop for Ar- Ukraine, as well as the Regional Intelligence Liaison Office menian representatives and Armenia’s Inter-Agency WG on (RILO) for Eastern and Central Europe. The training course, Advance Passenger Information (API). Discussions focused delivered by six experts (3 women; 3 men) from the WCO, on inter-organizational co-ordination as well as legislative de- the OSCE, INTERPOL’s Works of Art Unit, the University of velopments to implement passenger data systems in sup- Oslo and the Association for Research into Crimes against port of UNSCR 2396 (2017). Art (ARCA), was tailored for the custom services from the Eastern and Central European Regions. It aimed to ensure On 19 and 20 May, TNTD/BSMU conducted the second a consistent and harmonized approach in countering illicit online training course on the identification of impostors at TCP and to co-ordinate their actions throughout the region border crossing points for the OSCE NFPs in BSM, and as well as serving to enhance participants’ overall skills and other border agencies from the OSCE participating States. knowledge and networking skills. The course, in line with The training course, developed by the experts of the Austri- provisions of the WCO’s 2016 Council Resolution and the an Federal MoI, gathered 194 officers (54 women, 140 men)

31 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

In August, TNTD/BSMU hosted an online workshop in co-or- dination with the International Organization for Migration (IOM) office in Turkmenistan and its Inter-Agency WG on API. Dis- cussions focused on inter-organizational co-ordination as well as legislative developments to implement passenger data systems in support of UNSCR 2396 (2017).

On 27 and 28 October, jointly with UNOCT, TNTD/BSMU launched the first Eastern European Informal Working Group (IWG) on Passenger Data. The launching ceremony was held in a blended format and gathered 62 participants (19 women; 43 men). Based on the EU IWG and consisting of 17 OSCE participating States, the IWG will serve as a work- ing-level technical platform to advance API/PNR implemen- tation across the OSCE area. The Kyrgyz Republic was ap- pointed to the position of Chair on a voluntary basis for one Participants of a training course on the protection of year. The four thematic Vice-Chairs are Albania, Georgia, cultural property organized by the OSCE and the Hellenic Mongolia and Montenegro, and will oversee the work of the Multinational Peace Support Operations Training Centre four different sub-WGs (Legal, Operational, Transport Indus- (MPSOTC), 30 August – 3 September 2021. try Engagement, and ICT and interoperability). The IWG will  OSCE/Florian Krejsa support OSCE participating States in implementing UNSCR 2396 (2017), which mandates states to collect and analyse from 25 OSCE participating States. During the two-day train- passenger data for preventing the return of FTFs. ing course, participants enhanced their skills in the identifica- tion of impostors at borders through interactive exercises, by On 28 and 29 October, jointly with UNOCT, TNTD/BSMU organ- focusing on relevant anatomical features and behavioural in- ized the fifth OSCE-wide Seminar on Passenger Data Exchange. dicators. The course also served as a forum for the exchange The event was held in a blended format and gathered 232 of information on the latest trends in the field of identity and participants (86 women; 146 men). The event’s main purpose document fraud, and addressed the topic of morphing and was to provide further support to OSCE participating States the use of fraudulent COVID-19 tests and vaccine certificates and Partners for Co-operation in developing API/PNR systems for travel purposes. and opportunities to identify potential partnerships. This event marks the third consecutive joint seminar between the OSCE In June, TNTD/BSMU launched an Advance Passenger In- and UNOCT and is a direct result of the Biennial Action Plan formation and Passenger Name Record (API/PNR) needs for 2019-2021 signed in September 2019. The event targeted assessment mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to expert-level officials involved in the establishment of national API/ facilitate discussions amongst different government agen- PNR systems as well as representatives from national targeting cies, ministries and international organizations, and assess centers and/or Passenger Information Units (PIU). the current status of API implementation in Bosnia and Her- zegovina. Meetings were co-ordinated with the Ministry of From 29 November to 1 December, in close co-operation with Security as well as with multiple law enforcement and border the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, TNTD/BSMU management organizations. As a result, a short-term Nation- organized the 13th deployment of the MTT on the identifica- al Action Plan was developed, including the creation of Bos- tion of FTFs. The three-day training course, held in-person in nia and Herzegovina’s first interagency WG. Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, gathered 23 participants (3 women; 20 men) among whom were first and second-line On 25 June, in co-operation with the OSCE Mission to Ser- border officers. Participants learned about international and bia, TNTD/BSMU conducted an online training course for regional legal frameworks, the effective use of INTERPOL five officers (1 woman; 4 men) from the Service for Combat- databases, API/PNR Systems, travel document security as ing Terrorism within the Criminal Police Directorate of the MoI well as risk analysis and management in the identification of of the Republic of Serbia. The training course was organized potential FTFs at borders. Participants were also trained on following the request from Serbian authorities to conduct how to detect behavioural indicators of FTFs and interviewing more training activities on this topic, particularly after the techniques. Since being established in 2016 the BSMU MTT in-person training course for Serbian first-line border officers has proven to be a valuable tool for the awareness raising as in December 2019. Following the evaluation of the course, well as capacity building for the phenomenon of FTFs. TNTD/BSMU will further adjust and improve the curriculum.

32  Activities of the Transnational Threats Department

From 6 to 10 December, in co-operation with the OSCE Mis- Platform, the workshop was dedicated to practical aspects sion to Bosnia and Herzegovina, TNTD/BSMU held a training of protection mechanisms of whistleblowers in border and course on identifying forged travel documents for instructors law enforcement agencies. The workshop, gathering 26 par- at the Agency for Education and Professional Training of the ticipants (17 women; 9 men), was conducted by the experts Ministry of Security of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The course, from General Anti-corruption Directorate of the MoIA of Ro- held in-person in Mostar, gathered 12 participants (3 women; mania. 9 men) from the Agency and the Border Police, who focused on the travel document manufacturing process, security fea- On 27 July, TNTD/BSMU organized an online webinar on the tures, forgery methods, and specialized equipment to detect role of men in promoting gender equality in border and law forgeries. With this initiative, TNTD/BSMU is contributing to enforcement agencies, for the members of the OSCE Gen- the development of national capacities in Bosnia and Her- der Equality Platform in BSM. The event gathered 63 border zegovina related to the fight against document and identity security officers (40 women; 23 men) from OSCE participat- fraud, in line with human-rights standards and procedures. ing States and Partners for Co-operation, to discuss the role Trained representatives will act as trainers for their fellow col- of men in gender equality, as well as barriers and obstacles leagues, thus ensuring ownership by the beneficiaries and they encounter when trying to include a gender perspective long-term sustainability. into their work.

On 17 December, TNTD/BSMU supported the organization On 21 and 22 September, jointly with the Swedish OSCE of the first online meeting of the newly-established Eastern Chair, TNTD/BSMU organized the 15th Annual Meeting of European IWG on Passenger Data. The launch meeting has the OSCE BSM NFP Network, held in Vienna in a blended significantly increased cross-border, cross-regional co-oper- format. The event gathered 133 representatives (45 women; ation and mutual support in the development of API/PNR 88 men) from across the OSCE area and the Mediterranean systems with a solid agenda for 2022. In the long term, the Partners for Co-operation and focused on analyzing the on- partnerships stemming from this new group will advance going transnational threats and challenges for border agen- day-to-day information sharing and technical co-operation, cies, including the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as identify- and will significantly increase travel security across the OSCE ing innovative responses to these challenges. area. TNTD/BSMU will serve as the Secretariat of the group, whereas the funding will be provided by the UNOCT. From 27 September to 1 October, in co-operation with the OSCE Presence in Albania, TNTD/BSMU organized a five- day training course on the detection of forged documents Border Security and Management / and imposters for 15 front-line officers (3 women; 12 men) Customs of the Albanian Border Police. The training course, held in Tirana and delivered by experts of the Austrian Federal MoI, On 23 March, in co-operation with the OSCE Human Re- focused on presenting the latest trends and counterfeiting sources (HR) Department and its Talent Acquisition Unit, techniques. Trainers presented real-life scenarios and cases, TNTD/BSMU conducted an online workshop on gender illustrating counterfeit documents, printing techniques, and mainstreaming in human resources departments of border facial comparison methods. Through interactive sessions and law enforcement agencies. The event gathered 98 par- participants performed document checks using 15 handheld ticipants (87 women; 11 men), members of the OSCE Gen- mobile devices donated by the OSCE. der Equality Platform in BSM and HR representatives from across the OSCE area. Participants discussed successful On 18 October, jointly with the OSCE Gender Issues Pro- techniques of mainstreaming gender in recruiting, retaining gramme, TNTD/BSMU organized a networking event for and promoting women officers in border and law enforce- the OSCE Gender Equality Platform on BSM for 42 repre- ment agencies, and nine practitioners (6 women; 3 men) sentatives (31 women; 11 men) from border agencies of 18 from border and law enforcement agencies of Moldova, OSCE participating States and Mediterranean Partners for Montenegro and Ukraine shared national good practices of Co-operation. The event, held in a blended format, served gender mainstreaming. to launch the needs assessment of border services in the OSCE participating States and Mediterranean Partners for On 28 May, TNTD/BSMU organized an online workshop for Co-operation and to facilitate discussions of the importance the members of the regional Anti-corruption (AC) Platform of of gender-inclusive leadership. The aim of the event and the Internal Control Departments of border and law enforcement needs assessment was to analyse gaps and needs in border agencies from OSCE participating States from South-East- services regarding women’s equal participation at all levels, ern and Eastern Europe. As requested by members of the the identification of male advocates of gender equality, and

33 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

the engagement of leadership in gender mainstreaming ef- On 8 and 9 November, with the support of the German Feder- forts. Building on the outcomes of the meeting and the as- al Foreign Office, the Austrian Federal MoI and the OSCE field sessment, TNTD/BSMU will create tailor-made initiatives for operations in Central Asia, TNTD/BSMU organized the 16th the upcoming years in order to support border services in Central Asia Border Management Initiative (CABMI) Confer- their efforts towards gender equality. ence, held in Vienna in a blended format. The Conference, gathering 126 participants (38 women; 88 men) from the On 2 and 3 November, TNTD/BSMU organized the two- OSCE area, focused on recent developments in Afghanistan day Annual Meeting of the OSCE-supported Regional An- and the new border security landscape in Central Asia. Partic- ti-corruption Platform to assist border security agencies in ipants also discussed emerging challenges and transnational South-Eastern and Eastern Europe in enhancing their ca- threats associated with the new security landscape in the re- pacity to prevent and counter corruption at the borders. gion, and possible responses to the anticipated large-scale The event, held in Vienna in a blended format, gathered 21 refugee flows coming from Afghanistan as well as the possi- representatives (10 women; 11 men) from the internal con- ble increase in THB. Concerns about the possible increase of trol departments of border and law enforcement agencies. cross-border travel of FTFs and trafficking in small arms and Participants exchanged views on best practices related in light weapons (SALW) were also voiced. The conference also assets’ declaration, identification of conflict of interest of law provided a platform for bilateral meetings between represent- enforcement officers, models of interagency co-operation atives of OSCE participating States and border agencies in between Border Police and customs services in preventing Central Asia, aiming to develop initiatives responding to the and countering corruption at the border, and assessed the new security situation in the region. applicability of respective practices in respective agencies/ services. The correlation between gender and corruption was also highlighted.

TNTD/BSMU – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 16 Total Analysis of Lessons 39 10 Learned, Assessments Training 13 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 0%  ACTIVITIES ON  100% by Criminal Activity

34  3 Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

35 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

3.1 Programme for Gender Issues

Introduction

The Programme for Gender Issues (the Programme) within the OSCE Office of the Secretary General (OSG) supports OSCE participating States in implementing activities aimed at preventing and combating gender-based violence, as well as in preparing National Action Plans to implement the UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security.

enforcement and justice sectors in South-Eastern Europe to Activities Related to General identify good practices, gaps, and lessons learned. Police Development and Reform In November, draft findings were presented during an on- line roundtable meeting, gathering 66 participants (58 wom- Gender-based Violence en; 8 men) from the law enforcement and justice sectors in South-Eastern Europe. Participants agreed that combating The 2019 OSCE-led survey on Violence against Women violence against women and girls needs to be a priority in found that the percentage of women reporting to the police police and judiciary training curricula and stressed the impor- their experience of intimate partner violence is very low. As a tance of a multi-sectoral approach and impact-based evalu- follow-up to the recommendations of the OSCE-led survey, ations of trainings. The mapping exercise and the expert dis- the Programme initiated a mapping exercise of police and cussion provided a critical baseline that will guide the work justice sectors training curricula in South-Eastern Europe. of OSCE executive structures in preventing and combating Therefore, within the framework of the WIN project, in 2021 violence against women and girls across the OSCE area. The the Programme mapped existing training modules for the law final report is set to be published in 2022.

Presentation of the draft findings of the existing training modules for the law enforcement and justice sectors during an online roundtable meeting. November 2021.  OSCE/Programme for Gender Issues

36  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

Programme for Gender Issues – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 1 Total 2 Analysis of Lessons 1 Learned, Assessments and Guidelines Training 0

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 100%  ACTIVITIES ON  0% by Criminal Activity

37 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

3.2 Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings

Introduction

In line with MC Decisions No. 02/03 and No. 3/06, the Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (OSR/CTHB) is mandated to address all forms of THB, to ensure the co-ordination of the OSCE’s efforts in combating THB across all three dimensions and to act as a focal point for the OSCE’s efforts in this area. In 2021, the OSR/ CTHB continued its efforts to support OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-operation in preventing and prosecuting human trafficking and protecting its victims in line with the OSCE anti-trafficking commitments and recommendations set forth in the 2003 OSCE Action Plan to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings and its 2005 and 2013 Addenda, particularly through policy recommendations and capacity-building.

In 2021, the OSR/CTHB further intensified its exchanges with the OSCE field operations, especially with the counter-trafficking focal points. These engagements were instrumental for strategic planning and concrete activities such as workshops and conferences, and wider capacity-building activities such as the national simulation-based exercises organized in Albania, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Ukraine in 2021. The OSR/CTHB co-operation with ODIHR, TNTD, the OSG/Programme for Gender Issues, Department of Management and Finance/Procurement and other OSCE Secretariat teams has deepened, which has resulted in shared planning and a number of co-ordinated activities.

Activities Related to Threats including INTERPOL and Europol, gathering 72 participants Posed by Criminal Activity (48 women; 24 men). The meetings focused on strategic medium-term anti-trafficking priorities of the AECT members, the role of technology in preventing and responding to THB, Trafficking in Human Beings addressing the vulnerabilities of victims of trafficking and en- hancing national strategies to combat THB. From 22 to 25 March and from 12 to 14 July, respectively on- line and in-person, the OSR/CTHB and OSCE PA, in co-op- On 27 and 28 April, within the OSR/CTHB project titled eration with OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina con- Responding to Technology-Facilitated Trafficking in Human ducted an official visit to Bosnia and Herzegovina to assess Beings, the OSCE and its Asian Partners for Co-operation the risks of trafficking in mixed migration flows. During the organized a roundtable on combating technology-facilitated visit, the discussions focused on ways to improve the identi- THB in Central Asia and across the OSCE Asian Partners fication of and assistance to victims of trafficking among mi- for Co-operation, namely Afghanistan, Australia, Japan, grants, refugees and asylum seekers transiting the country. Republic of Korea, and Thailand. Roundtable participants The OSCE delegation also called for strengthening national, discussed the misuse of technology in these regions, espe- regional and international co-operation to dismantle interna- cially when traffickers advertise victims of sexual exploitation, tional trafficking networks and provide support to victims of including children, on online platforms. The event gathered human trafficking in a coherent, durable and humane way. 171 national and international practitioners (89 women; 82 men) working on combating THB and representatives of On 14 April and 16 December, the OSR/CTHB facilitated international organizations and law enforcement agencies meetings of the Alliance Expert Co-ordination Team (AECT), such as INTERPOL, Europol, and the United States Depart-

38  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

ment of Homeland Security, and the OSCE Asian Partners gations and commitments of States to discourage demand; for Co-operation. analyses the ways in which States have responded to these obligations and commitments in their criminal justice and On 26 May, the OSR/CTHB launched its Occasional Pa- prevention practices; and finally, offers recommendations on per Applying Gender-Sensitive Approaches in Combat- how to better incorporate demand into national efforts. ing Trafficking in Human Beings.4 Based on findings from a multi-method research project, including surveys, expert On 17 June, jointly with the OSCE Presence in Albania, the interviews, and expert group meetings, the study explores OSR/CTHB organized a conference on joint efforts to com- a range of gender aspects that are often not addressed in bat THB in Albania, focused on promoting partnerships and a existing prevention, protection, and prosecution strategies multi-agency approach to enhance co-operation in address- aimed at combating THB. At the same time, the publication ing THB. Representatives of central and local government in- provides a basis for policy development and better imple- stitutions, parliament, judiciary and law-enforcement bodies, mentation of gender-sensitive approaches. the international community, CS, and academia discussed the importance of strengthening a human rights-based and On 28 May, the OSR/CTHB released the Russian transla- victim-centred approach in all anti-trafficking actions. tion of its publication Following the Money: Compendium of Resources and Step-by-step Guide to Financial Investiga- On 7 July, jointly with the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Her- tions into Trafficking in Human Beings.5 The publication cat- zegovina, the OSR/CTHB organized a webinar for 31 Border egorizes more than 600 indicators and typologies of human Police officers (7 women; 24 men) from Bosnia and Herze- trafficking and outlines a list of steps needed to establish a govina working on THB and human smuggling. The discus- framework for successful financial investigations. sions aimed at increasing the capacity of first line responders to screen and address vulnerabilities of the migrant popula- From 14 to 16 June, the OSR/CTHB organized its 21st Con- tion and underlined the need to identify and assist victims of ference of the Alliance against Trafficking in Persons entitled trafficking among migrants and asylum seekers, irrespective Confronting Demand: Tackling a Root Cause of Trafficking in of the country of exploitation or country of destination. Human Beings. The three-day event, held in a blended format, gathered 828 participants (577 women; 251 men) from OSCE On 9 July, the OSR/CTHB launched its publication Trafficking participating States and Partners for Co-operation, internation- in Human Beings and Terrorism: Where and How They Inter- al organizations, and NGOs which are partners in the Alliance sect.8 The research paper reviews normative and policy frame- against Trafficking in Persons, as well as CS, media, the private works governing actions against THB and terrorism, provides sector, academia and relevant professional networks of national an in-depth look at the aspects of THB used by terrorist groups, anti-trafficking practitioners. Participants discussed policies and discusses key principles in anti-trafficking responses and the tools to address demand as a means of prevention – and spe- complexity of their application in the context, and offers targeted cifically discourage the demand that fosters trafficking for the recommendations to assist participating States in addressing purposes of labour and sexual exploitation as a core, long-term THB committed by terrorist groups. strategy towards ending human trafficking.6 A special OSR/ CTHB side-event put a spotlight on the demand that fosters On 14 July and 9 December, in partnership with the Inter- trafficking in children. national Organization for Judicial Training, the European Ju- diciary Training Network and the International Association On 15 June, on the margins of the 21st Alliance against of Judges, the OSR/CTHB conducted expert meetings on Trafficking in Persons Conference, the OSR/CTHB launched building the capacity of the judiciary in combating THB. The its Occasional Paper Discouraging the Demand that Fos- 3rd Capacity Building Expert Meeting gathered 39 partici- ters Trafficking for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation.7 The pants (28 women; 11 men), while the 4th Capacity Build- publication sheds light on the importance of addressing the ing Expert Meeting gathered a total of 41 participants (27 demand that fosters trafficking for sexual exploitation, in par- women; 14 men). Based on the finding of the surveys aimed ticular the exploitation of the prostitution of others; highlights at assessing the availability, the frequency and the scope the role of demand in encouraging exploitation and causing of THB-related trainings for the judiciary as well as the out- harm to victims; outlines the scope of the international obli- comes of the meetings, the partners initiated the develop- ment of a model skills-based training module on combating THB that judicial academies can adapt and integrate into their national curricula. 4 https://www.osce.org/cthb/486700 5 https://www.osce.org/cthb/438323 6 https://www.osce.org/event/alliance21 7 https://www.osce.org/cthb/489388 8 https://www.osce.org/cthb/491983

39 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

NGOs, and lawyers practiced a multi-disciplinary response to tackle complex cases of human trafficking, while ensuring a victim-centred and human rights-based approach. Par- ticipants were also encouraged to promote better judicial co-operation, for example by engaging Eurojust in the opera- tions. The simulation also introduced new elements to reflect at best current trends in human trafficking, for example how to tackle online sexual exploitation.

From 14 October to 10 November, with support from the International Association of Prosecutors and the National At- torneys General Training and Research Institute, the OSR/ CTHB conducted a five-part webinar series aiming to equip 26 criminal justice professionals (15 women; 11 men), pri- Participants during a practical exercise in the second marily investigators and prosecutors, with tools to better international simulation-based training on THB in Vicenza, understand and apply a victim-centred, trauma-informed, Italy, 27 September – 1 October 2021. gender-sensitive and human rights-focused approach to the  OSCE/ Office of the Special Representative and prosecution of human trafficking cases. Co-ordinator for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings

On 8 and 9 November, the OSR/CTHB hosted a roundta- On 20 July, the OSR/CTHB held a roundtable with inter- ble discussion on effective prosecution strategies. The event national organizations and CSOs to conduct a landscape gathered 16 participants (7 women; 9 men), among whom assessment of initiatives on financial flows related to THB. were prosecutors, law enforcement officers, lawyers, and During the event, gathering 13 participants (6 women; 7 experts from ten countries, who shared experiences on men), the OSR/CTHB presented the findings of its survey victim-centered approaches to evidential issues around vic- that mapped the existing initiatives and fostered dialogue on tim consent in law and practice and worked on a fictitious how to enhance information exchange and improve the har- scenario involving labour trafficking. Participants also took monization of financial investigatory strategies and tactics to part in a mock trial to improve their skills in countering con- detect and dismantle THB networks. sent-based defense arguments, thus enhancing prosecution efforts in cases where the victim’s consent is obtained by On 19, 23 and 24 August, jointly with ODIHR, the OSR/ subtle forms of coercion, such as through the abuse of vul- CTHB organized informal expert consultations on the impact nerability. on and response to trafficking in persons belonging to ethnic, national and religious minorities. Bringing together 45 par- On 15 and 16 November, jointly with the CoE, the OSR/ ticipants (39 women; 6 men), among whom were survivor CTHB organized the annual meeting of National Anti-Traf- leaders and experts from the CS as well as representatives of ficking Co-ordinators and Rapporteurs or equivalent mecha- international organizations and academia, the events aimed nisms. The meeting, gathering 161 participants (91 women; at discussing existing research, policies and practices that 70 men) from all OSCE participating States and three Part- recognize the nexus between THB and discrimination based ners for Co-operation, sought to identify joint actions in ad- on race and ethnicity, including as a vulnerability and risk fac- dressing current human trafficking-related challenges in the tor, as well as an obstacle to the delivery of protection and region and foster the implementation of relevant OSCE and justice to victims. CoE commitments. A particular focus was placed on THB for labour exploitation, ways to support and assist victims of From 27 September to 1 October, the OSR/CTHB conduct- trafficking independent of the criminal justice process, and ed the second international simulation-based training aimed mechanisms to maximize national anti-trafficking responses at enhancing the capacity of participants to effectively identi- such as National Action Plans and National Anti-Trafficking fy, investigate, and prosecute human trafficking cases among Rapporteurs. migrants and refugees in mixed migration flows. The five-day simulation exercise, held in Vicenza, Italy, engaged 41 partic- On 29 November, together with the United Kingdom Inde- ipants (29 women; 12 men) from multi-agency teams from pendent Anti-Slavery Commissioner and the Finance against Austria, Canada, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, and Spain. Slavery and Trafficking, the OSR/CTHB facilitated a round- Participants from law enforcement, the judiciary, labour in- table discussion with the financial services sector, financial spectorates, immigration authorities, public social services, intelligence units, and anti-trafficking agencies to encourage

40  Police-Related Activities of other Thematic Units

proactive investigation of human trafficking financial flows the anti-trafficking agenda at the highest levels of govern- by financial service providers. The roundtable, gathering 74 ment, identify good practices, share knowledge and lessons representatives (34 women; 40 men) from 12 participating learned with participating States, as well as to provide tech- States, resulted in the production of a Joint Statement on the nical assistance when appropriate. Critical Role of the Financial Sector in Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Modern-day Slavery9, issued by the During 2021, the OSR/CTHB supported the Inter-Agency three partner organizations and joined by ten other organiza- Coordination Group against Trafficking in Persons (ICAT), in tions and experts. developing a number of issue brief papers, including on Traf- ficking in Persons for the Purpose of Organ Removal10. The In 2021, the OSR/CTHB conducted country visits to Bulgaria issue briefs, which represent the collective output of ICAT’s (22-24 June) and France (28 June - 2 July), as well as offi- 27 entities, provide recommendations for States and practi- cial visits to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Liechtenstein, Serbia, tioners on how to tackle particularly challenging issues relat- Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. ed to THB. Through consultations with government authorities, parlia- mentarians, law enforcement agencies, judiciary and CS, these visits enabled the Special Representative to highlight

OSR/CTHB – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 10 Total Analysis of Lessons 27 15 Learned, Assessments Training 2 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 0%  ACTIVITIES ON  100% by Criminal Activity

10 https://icat.un.org/sites/g/files/tmzbdl461/files/ 9 https://www.osce.org/secretariat/506566 publications/icat_brief_tip_for_or_final.pdf

41 Police-Related Activities of Field Operations 4 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

4.1 Presence in Albania

Introduction

The OSCE Presence in Albania (the Presence) was established in 1997 with a mandate to promote democratization, the rule of law, and human rights, as well as to consolidate democratic institutions in line with OSCE principles, standards and commitments. The Presence’s activities focus on the following key priority areas: combating human trafficking; democratization; elections; good governance; gender equality; human rights; media freedom and development; policing; border management; rule of law; youth safety and security; counter-terrorism and reform and co-operation in the security sector.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

2,981,200 EUR 2,981,200 EUR

11.36% SECURITY 11.68% SECURITY CO-OPERATION CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

338,600 EUR 348,300 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

80 81 SECURITY SECURITY CO-OPERATION CO-OPERATION 8.75% DEPARTMENT 11.11% DEPARTMENT

7 Total 9 Total

4 Local 6 Local

3 International 3 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Presence in Albania.

44  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

In 2021, the Presence continued to support the Albanian law enforcement agencies in the fight against transnational threats and organized crime, welcoming the adoption of new strategies and action plans that will guide the Presence’s work in the future, such as the new Strategy against Organized Crime and Serious Crimes 2021-2025 and corresponding Action Plan. In 2021, also a new Community Safety Strategy (2021-2026) was adopted, and the Presence supported further operationalizing Local Safety Councils (LSCs) throughout the host country. Finally, the new Cross- cutting Strategy for the Integrated Border Management 2021-2027 was approved by the Council of Ministers and the new Law on Foreigners was adopted by the Albanian Parliament.

The Presence continued to support state and non-state actors in strengthening a multi-agency co- operation at central and local levels to address safety and security matters through a comprehensive approach. Jointly with the National Coordination Centre on Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), the Presence supported regional co-operation and dialogue in the field of VERLT, bringing gender dynamics to the forefront. In collaboration with CPC and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Defence (MoD), the Presence brought together security and CS representatives to jointly reflect on main principles of security sector governance, including partnership and inclusiveness, thus giving an impetus for more active CS engagement on security matters.

Activities Related to General which takes into account the respect for human rights, ad- Police Development and Reform heres to the rule of law and promotes gender equality.

Police Development and Reform Gender Mainstreaming

To support the growing needs of the Albanian State Police On 23 March, the Presence took part in an online workshop (ASP) in terms of distant learning due to the COVID-19 pan- titled Gender Mainstreaming in Human Resources Depart- demic, in 2021 the Presence continued its support to establish ments of Border and Law Enforcement Agencies, organized an e-learning platform for the ASP. The Presence supported by TNTD/BSMU. The Albanian Border Focal Point, as well the establishment of a WG for setting up an e-learning platform as, the Police Gender Focal Point (women) also attended the at the Security Academy (SA), followed by the acquisition of a event. That brought together 98 participants (87 women; 11 Zoom license for the SA and the ASP to allow efficient work of men) from border and customs agencies of OSCE partici- pating States and Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation. the WG. Furthermore, to familiarize the members of the WG Participants highlighted the importance of leadership’s en- with the key characteristics and benefits of the Learning Man- gagement and the need to create appropriate gender-inclu- agement System (LMS), on 11 and 12 November, the Pres- sive conditions for men and women to work in law enforce- ence organized a visit to the Police Training Centre in Skopje ment. for four experts (1 woman; 3 men) from the SA and the ASP.

On 27 July, the Presence attended the webinar on the role On 22 and 23 November, in co-ordination with the CPC and of men in promoting gender equality in border and law en- the Austrian Federal MoD, the Presence organized a two-day forcement agencies, organized by TNTD/BSMU, where the workshop on strengthening effective security sector govern- Presence facilitated the participation of two representatives ance through partnerships between security institutions and (women) from the ASP. CS. The event brought together 23 representatives (10 wom- en; 13 men) from Albanian state security institutions, CS, and On 18 October, the Presence also attended the meeting of the the media. Participants discussed challenges and opportuni- Border Gender Focal Points held in Vienna in a blended for- ties for co-operation between state security institutions, such mat, supporting the in-person participation of two representa- as the Police, the MoI and the MoD with the media and the tives (1 woman; 1 man) from the ASP to the event. The meet- CS, including women and youth CSOs. The recommendations ing, gathering representatives from border agencies of OSCE from the workshop will serve as a basis to further strengthen participating States and Mediterranean Partners for Co-opera- partnerships between state security institutions and CS as to tion and organized jointly by TNTD/BSMU and the OSG/Gen- ensure an accountable, effective and inclusive security sector, der Issues Programme, aimed to foster communication and

45 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

build valuable contacts among border and law enforcement ti-agency co-operation, (iv) SWOT analysis to assess local officers engaged in gender mainstreaming in border security security situations, (v) methods and skills necessary to devel- and management across the OSCE. The event also served to op local security action plans, (vi) police–public partnership, launch the needs assessment of border services in the partic- (vii) partnerships between citizens and public institutions, and ipating States and Mediterranean Partners for Co-operation, (viii) LSCs’ role in crisis management. within the framework of the Gender Issues Programme’s WIN project, with the aim to build confidence and competence On 14 September, the Presence supported the Shkodra Mu- among the members of the Gender Equality Platform. nicipality with the organization a roundtable discussion aimed at establishing LSC in Shkodra. An expert from the Presence presented the LSC concept and the findings of the LSC evalu- Community Policing, Police–Public ation report to the roundtable, which was attended by the city Relations and Crime Prevention mayor as well as 21 representatives (4 women; 17 men) of the ASP, the Prefect’s Office, the National Civil Protection Agency, Local Safety Councils healthcare services, the CS, youth associations, and religious communities. Focused on the national security and public The establishment of LSCs in Albania, as co-ordinating safety situation in Shkodra, the discussion aimed at showing mechanisms for matters of security at the local level, pre- how a LSC can improve the security environment in the city sents the opportunity for local institutions to co-ordinate their and was concluded with the participants proposing a roadm- efforts more effectively in emergencies. ap for the establishment and operationalization of the LSC.

On 4 March, the Presence organized an online meeting to Youth and Security present the findings of the evaluation report conducted dur- ing 2020 on LSCs in six targeted municipalities. Participants In June and November, jointly with the municipalities of Be- included 75 stakeholders (44 women; 31 men) from central rat and Korça, the Regional Education Directorates, and the and local level, including the Presence, the MoI, municipali- New Bridges NGO, the Presence organized two two-day ties, the National Self-Governance Agency, the National Co- workshops for 50 young people (32 girls; 18 boys) in the re- ordination Centre on CVE, Regional Police Directorates, the spective municipalities. The workshops aimed at increasing CS, youth associations and the media. The report, prepared their capacities to identify and address security challenges in by a national external expert (man), assessed the function- their communities, by enhancing co-operation between the ality and effectiveness of LSCs in the municipalities of Cër- community and local institutions. The discussions focused rik, Elbasan, Librazhd, Lushnja, Puka and Vlora, and offered on (i) new security challenges to youth, (ii) different forms of recommendations. According to the report, the Councils violence in young people’s everyday life, (iii) increasing resil- need to better regulate their work, guarantee a high level of ience among youth local communities, (iv) domestic violence engagement, and increase response to crisis management and gender-based violence, (v) mediation and conflict reso- and other public safety challenges, while developing tools to lution skills, (vi) violent extremism and radicalization among monitor their action plans and explore ways to increase the youth, (vii) the role of youth and its engagement in LSCs, and public’s support to local security. (viii) stereotypes in societies and local communities and how to address them. The active involvement of participants was In July, in the framework of the Presence’s efforts to enhance appreciated and encouraged by LSC members, highlighting multi-agency co-operation on security matters at central and the importance of including youth to promote co-operation local levels, the Presence implemented a two-day training and co-ordination between institutions and the community course for members of Berat LSC. A total of 25 participants and to improve safety and security in their communities. (15 women; 10 men) from the Municipality of Berat, the Re- gional Police Directorate, the Municipality Police, the Pre- Role of the Prefect Institution in Safety and fecture, the Prosecution Office, the Regional Education Di- Security rectorate, health services, the Firefighter's Department, and youth representatives, benefited from the training course. On 16 September, jointly with the MoI, the Presence host- The course aimed at increasing the capacities of local LSC ed a roundtable discussion with the country’s Prefects. Co- stakeholders, their role in addressing security issues through chaired by the Head of Presence and the Deputy Minister of a multi-agency co-operation approach, as well as to draft Interior, the meeting was the first of its kind, gathering Pre- and implement security action plans. It focused on (i) ex- fects and an international organization in Albania to discuss ploring the best practices of inter-agency co-operation to its role and function. A total of 27 participants (11 women; 16 face security challenges, (ii) LSCs’ model in Albania, (iii) mul- men), consisting of Prefects, representatives of the MoI, the

46  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

MoD, the Association of Local Autonomy, and the Embassy about 700 police officers from the Criminal Police Depart- of Switzerland in Albania, delivered presentations on the role ment and 14 spokespersons from all regional police direc- of Prefects in matters of safety and security, the institution- torates were trained on tasks related to electoral crimes and al evolution of the Prefect’s institution in Albania, the main their investigation. The Presence also printed 5,500 election challenges faced in performing Prefect duties and the level booklets, which were distributed to all police officers who of co-operation with regional and local actors. The presenta- were engaged with election duties. These informative publi- tions were followed by active discussions and suggestions cations focused on the role of police, duties and responsibil- about the further improvement of the Prefects’ role in ad- ities during elections, CEC’s instruction on the role of police, dressing security challenges in the regions. criminal offences related to elections, best international prac- tice and ODIHR recommendations.

Gender-based Violence From 6 to 10 December, in co-operation with the SA, the Presence delivered a five-day ToT course on crisis manage- On 31 August, the Presence organized an awareness-rais- ment in Tirana. Some 14 representatives (2 women; 12 men) ing session on domestic violence for LSC members in Berat. from the ASP, the SA, and the Firefighter's Department par- Some 18 participants (14 women; 4 men), among whom were ticipated in the training, which aimed at creating a pool of ex- representatives of State and non-State institutions, assessed perts to deliver capacity-building activities for police officers the current gender-based violence situation in the municipali- on crisis management. During the training, curricula and a ty, discussing how this phenomenon can be addressed from training package were developed, which will be part of the a whole of society approach. The suggestions identified were SA’s training program on crisis management. included in the Security Action Plan (2021-2022) designed by the LSC with the support of the national expert. Activities Related to Threats On 1 December, an art exhibition focusing on prevention of Posed by Criminal Activity gender-based violence was launched at the Nikolet Vasia Visual Art Gallery, in Durrës. Jointly with the Durrës Municipality and the Aleksandër Moisiu Cultural Centre, the Presence or- Organized Crime ganized the exhibition featuring the art works of 14 local paint- ers (5 women; 9 men). The event took place in the framework On 6 May, the Presence organized a one-day cross-de- of the 16 Days of Activism against Gender-Based Violence partmental training course in Tirana for investigators from campaign, the International Day for the Elimination of Violence the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) on the topics of against Women as well as the Human Rights Day. The Pres- corruption, data protection, experiences from special public ence is actively supporting these campaigns and is firmly com- prosecutor’s offices of the region, and gender mainstream- mitted to combating all forms of violence against women. ing. During the training course, conducted in the framework of the Phase I of the International Criminal Investigative Train- On 2 December, with the support of the Municipality and ing Assistance (ICITAP) training programme, four internation- Public Library of Durrës, the Presence conducted a work- al and national experts (3 women; 1 man) trained 28 investi- shop on women’s security awareness for 25 girls and wom- gators (8 women; 20 men). en in Durrës. The workshop aimed at addressing security concerns and threats, particularly related to gender. On 1 June, the Presence supported and co-ordinated the on- line participation of two members (1 woman; 1 man) of the ASP’s Unit for Investigation of Economic and Financial Crimes Public Order and Crisis at the 2021 OSCE-wide Conference on Combating the Threat Management of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion of Chemical Precursors enti- tled Addressing Trafficking in Drugs and Organized Crime by From 26 January until 12 February, in the run-up to the gen- Following the Money, which took place in Vienna in a blended eral elections, in close co-operation with the ASP, the Central format. The conference provided a platform for experts from Election Commission (CEC) and the GPO, the Presence or- the OSCE participating States, its Partners for Co-operation ganized a series of training courses on the role of the police and executive structures, including field operations, as well in the electoral process for over 6,000 police officer across as international organizations, to discuss challenges posed Albania. Some 150 senior police managers and 170 trainers by illicit drug trafficking and its linkages with other forms of (11 women; 309 men) of the ASP were trained on the role organized crime, as well as to identify proposals to address and responsibilities of the police during elections. In addition,

47 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

these threats. The Albanian delegation presented in one of the lice Liaison Office for Albania and Kosovo11, the Croatian Po- sessions on illicit drugs and financial investigation in Albania. lice, and the Southeast European Law Enforcement Center (SELEC) showcased to participants case scenarios of com- From 14 to 18 June, the Presence provided support to the plex international investigations on organized criminal groups organization of the OSINT online course for 12 members (7 involved in illicit drug trafficking. women; 5 men) from the ASP and the Albanian Financial Intel- ligence Unit (AFIU) led by two international experts (men). The From 5 to 8 October, the Presence organized an advanced event was organized jointly by TNTD/SPMU and OCEEA in the training programme on crime analysis, in Durrës. The course framework of the ExB project on asset recovery in South-East- was tailored to the needs of the ASP’s Crime Information ern Europe aimed at enhancing knowledge and skills of Alba- Analysis Units and the AFIU. A total of 14 officers (7 women; nian law enforcement to combat financial crime and money 7 men) took part in the training programme, led by a Canadi- laundering stemming from criminal activities. an expert (woman). The training course aimed at enhancing the participants’ skills to use the new efficient global analytical On 23 June, the Presence supported TNTD/SPMU in the concepts and approaches to crime analysis, which, if imple- organization of a regional workshop on ILP. The event, held mented successfully, result in higher quality analysis. online, gathered 20 participants (3 women; 17 men), among whom were high- and middle-level law enforcement managers From 1 to 3 December, jointly with the Special Prosecution and officials responsible for ILP programmes from South-East- Office against Corruption and Organized Crime (SPAK) of Al- ern Europe, as well as representatives from the OSCE field bania, the OSCE Mission in Skopje and the Austrian Embassy operations in the region, experts from TNTD/SPMU and other in Tirana, the Presence organized a three-day training course regional organizations supporting the ILP implementation. The on special investigative techniques. The course, held in Tirana, workshop provided participants with a regional overview re- gathered 15 members (3 women; 12 men) of the Special Op- garding the status of the ILP implementation and served as erational Forces of the ASP, the SA and the General Directo- an interactive platform for an exchange of good practices and rate of Customs. The training course, led by three international ideas, thus increasing synergies between the implementation and national experts (men), aimed at strengthening the capac- approaches. The Presence also delivered opening remarks ities of the law enforcement in the use of special investigative during the opening session and facilitated the participation of techniques in the fight against organized crime to trace, seize, three members of the ASP. and confiscate assets generated from criminal activities.

On 29 and 30 July, and from 11 to 15 October, in the frame- From 9 to 10 December, in the framework of TNTD/SPMU’s work of TNTD/SPMU’s ExB project on ILP, the Presence fa- ExB project on ILP, the Presence provided support to the or- cilitated and co-ordinated the participation of three members ganization of a training course on ILP targeting Albanian law (2 women; 1 man) of the ASP in an advanced training course enforcement managers. The Presence liaised with the ASP on iBase and Analyst’s Notebook software. The events aimed and co-ordinated the participation of 46 high level managers at strengthening the analytical skills and knowledge of Alba- (2 women; 44 men) from ASP’s central and local directorates. nian law enforcement. To tailor these trainings to the needs The course, led by an international law enforcement expert of the ASP the Presence disseminated a Needs Assessment (man), aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency Questionnaire for Intelligence Led Policing prepared by the of the law enforcement in Albania by presenting international ExB project team to gather information about the capacities good practices in implementing the ILP model. of Albanian law enforcement agencies in the implementation of the ILP model. Small Arms and Light Weapons

From 7 to 9 September, the Presence organized an advanced On 5 October, within the framework of the ExB project As- training programme on complex international/joint investiga- sisting the National Authorities of the Republic of Albania to tions on illicit drug trafficking for 15 officers (3 women; 12 Decrease the Risk of Weapon Proliferation and Misuse of men) of the ASP’s Anti-Drug Units and the SA. The training SALW, the Head of the Presence and the Deputy Minister course, which took place at the SA in Tirana, aimed at en- of Interior signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). hancing the ASP’s capacities to dismantle organized criminal Under the co-ordination of the Forum for Co-operation at the groups specialized in illicit drug trafficking and to communi- Conflict Prevention Centre (CPC/FSC), the project is being cate and co-operate with partner law enforcement agencies when conducting complex international/joint investigations. Six international experts (men) from the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Europol, the Nordic Po- 11 All references to Kosovo, whether to the territory, institutions or population, in this text should be understood in full compliance with United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1244.

48  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

implemented in Western Balkans with the support from the OSCE field operations in the region.

Cross-Border Co-operation in Criminal Matters

In 2021, the Presence supported the Border and Migration Police (BMP) with the production of 8000 awareness raising leaflets in Albanian and English languages, which informed the tourists about the rules on health and security in the beaches.

In 2021, eight regional cross-border meetings were con- ducted as planned, gathering a total of 161 participants (27 women; 134 men). The meetings are part of the Presence’s Albanian Border Police officers during a training course on the support of the Joint Cross-border Cooperation Mechanism, identification of forged documents, Tirana, 27 September – 1 October 2021. which brings to the table the regional Border Police Direc-  Presence in Albania/Mira Xhamallati torates of Albania and its neighbours to share and discuss issues and experiences related to irregular migration, infor- mation exchange, border management, joint patrolling and From 8 to 11 September, the Presence supported a training measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. course in the framework of TNTD/ATU’s and UNODC’s mul- ti-year programme on CFT. The course, held in Pogradec, On 19 and 20 May, the Presence facilitated a training course gathered 21 participants (7 women; 14 men) from the ASP, for Border Police officers on identification of imposters, or- State Intelligence Service, and the AFIU. Two international ganized by TNTD/BSMU. Five representatives (2 women; 3 (men) and five national trainers (3 women; 2 men) delivered men) from the BMP and one representative from the Albanian the course, which covered the topics of disruption cycle-un- National Border Focal Point (woman) attended the workshop. derstanding and analysis, functional analysis and vulnerabili- ty analysis, disruption planning audit process, and predictive From 27 September to 1 October, the Presence supported analysis. An additional purpose of the training was to estab- an in-person training course on forged documents, organ- lish a network of experts from different national agencies and ized jointly with TNTD/BSMU. Two trainers (men) from the foster collaboration in the field of CFT. Austrian Federal MoI delivered the training course to 15 Al- banian Border Police officers (3 women; 12 men) from the On 14 October, jointly with the National Coordination Center regional Border Police Directorates throughout the country. on CVE, the Presence organized a regional conference on the role of women in countering violent extremism in the Western Balkans. The conference, held in a blended format, brought Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT together 64 participants (49 women; 15 men), CVE co-ordi- nators, relevant women organizations, and professionals and On 5 July, jointly with the National Coordination Center on policy makers from Albania, Austria, Italy, Montenegro, North CVE, the Presence organized a cross-border meeting for of- Macedonia, and the United Kingdom. Participants from ficials from Albania and North Macedonia to discuss co-op- Kosovo also attended. The Conference allowed regional ac- eration against violent extremism. The event, held in Pogra- tors to discuss the gender dynamics in violent extremism and dec, was attended by 24 participants (7 women; 17 men), radicalization in the region with the overall aim to create bet- including CVE co-ordinators from both countries, represent- ter and more gender-sensitive responses to VERLT. atives of local governments, police and religious communi- ties, as well as representatives from the OSCE Mission in Skopje and the Presence. Participants discussed the current Cybercrime and level of co-operation between the two countries in the field Cyber/ICT Security of violent extremism and the benefits of a multi-agency ap- proach with active engagement of youth and women. They On 29 June, in support of the country’s efforts in the fight also shared the main challenges of working on the prevention against cybercrime, the Presence organized a workshop on of violent extremism and their experiences with reintegration the prevention and investigation of cybercrimes. The event, approaches for citizens repatriated from conflict zones. held in Tirana in a blended format, gathered 35 participants

49 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

(6 women; 29 men), among whom the Head of the Pres- Agencies from Western Balkans, Ukraine and Moldova, the ence, the Deputy Minister of Interior, representatives from Presence facilitated the participation of the Albanian members the ASP, the SA, the National Authority for Electronic Certi- of the platform, representing the Service for Internal Control fication and Cyber Security, the Directorate for the Security and Complaints of the MoI and the customs administration, of Classified Information, the State Intelligence Service, and to the Annual Meeting of the OSCE-supported Regional An- representatives of regional law enforcement agencies from ti-Corruption Platform organized by TNTD/BSMU, in Vienna. Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia as well as Europol, diplo- matic missions in Albania, and OSCE field operations in the On 16 June, the Presence donated ICT equipment to the Al- region. The main objective of the workshop was to discuss banian BMP. The donation includes 12 laptops, 11 multime- the latest developments in the prevention of cybercrime, to dia projectors, eight multi-functional printers and 11 projec- share best practices on national policies tackling cybercrime tion screens, which were distributed among seven Regional and improve international co-operation in investigation of cy- Directorates of the BMP and three Border Police Commis- bercrime cases. The workshop also allowed for an exchange sariats to enhance the training capacities of the police. of practices among law enforcement agencies in the region and provided a forum for police liaison officers accredited In 2021, in response to the challenges of irregular migration in Tirana to present their work in facilitating investigations of in the region, periodic co-ordination meetings have taken cybercrime cases initiated by their respective authorities. place between Albanian institutions, the Presence, UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), IOM and other rel- evant organizations. In particular, jointly with UNHCR, the Border Security and Management/ Presence has supported the Albanian Government to revise Customs the procedures for the treatment of irregular migrants in or- der to enable an approach integrating law enforcement with On 2 and 3 November, to support the newly launched Regional social protection. Anti-Corruption Platform for Internal Oversight of Border Police

Presence in Albania – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 32 Total

49 Analysis of Lessons 2 Learned, Assessments Training 15 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 43%  ACTIVITIES ON  57% by Criminal Activity

50  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations

SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

4.2 Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction

The OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Mission) remained highly engaged in several police-related activities in 2021, despite the lack of a specific programme or unit dedicated to police matters. The Mission’s comprehensive support to the security sector aims at enhancing the capacities of law enforcement agencies and police officials, as well as at fostering inter-agency co-operation and multi-sectoral partnership. Law enforcement representatives actively took part, contributed and benefited from activities and efforts aimed to enhance their operations.

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A** 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

11,682,000 EUR 11,682,000 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020

314.5 Total 314.5 Total

280.5 Local 280.5 Local

34 International 34 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina. ** The Mission does not have a separate Department on Police-Related Activities.

51 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

Key priority areas in supporting police modernization continue to be preventing and combating terrorism and VERLT, control of SALW, border security, THB, corruption, hate crimes, and domestic violence. Consistent with OSCE and international standards, the Mission also assisted law enforcement agencies and institutions in improving cyber security, promoting gender equality, gender mainstreaming, and ethnic diversity, and ensuring freedom of assembly.

IT equipment and enhance coherence, develop stronger Activities Related to General co-ordination and information exchange mechanisms, and Police Development and Reform support overall training capacity skills at all organizational levels.12 As a modern approach to law enforcement, ILP prompted law enforcement agencies to expand the intelli- Police Development and Reform gence-led proactive methodology used to address serious and organized crime to all areas of police management. ILP In 2021, owing to close collaboration with the Mission and will help highly fragmented and decentralized law enforce- TNTD/SPMU, the Republika Srpska MoI Administration for ment agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina to strengthen their Police Training officially joined and registered as a new mem- organization and human resources to tackle serious security ber of the OSCE's PAN. The Republika Srpska MoI Police threats more effectively. This would also improve the quality Academy, within the Administration for Police Training, is of operational co-operation with INTERPOL, Europol, and among the most important police training institutions in Bos- foreign law enforcement agencies, and thus contribute to nia and Herzegovina. Furthermore, a regular procedure for successful international investigations and police operations. dissemination of invitations for training and education events The Mission has prepared and conducted several fundraising by the TNTD/SPMU to relevant organizational structures of activities to secure resources for the project. the Republika Srpska MoI has been agreed with its Interna- tional Co-operation Department. Apart from the direct ben- On 11 March, the Mission organized and delivered a training efit to the Republika Srpska MoI and its training structures, course on freedom of expression and co-operation between this development will strengthen the impact of future Mission police and the media for 140 police cadets attending the Re- engagements in police-related activities as well as for wider publika Srpska Police Academy in Banja Luka (9 women; OSCE undertakings in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 131 men). The training course covered international human rights standards in the field of freedom of expression, media Throughout 2021, the Mission participated in a series of freedoms and the OSCE Guidelines for Co-operation be- consultations concerning the amendments to the Law on tween Media and Police.13 the Brčko District (BD) Police adopted in late 2020. The amended provisions contravened the essential principles of On 6 and 8 April, the Mission delivered online introductory independence, transparency, and merit-based appointment courses for cadets at the Republika Srpska Police Academy proceedings of key managerial positions in the BD Police by on the use of ILP and criminal intelligence in police oper- bypassing recruitment procedures through the independent ations. Two groups of 150 police cadets (10 women; 140 police board. The Mission contributed to advocacy efforts men) improved their understanding of the criminal intelli- that resulted in the repeal of the problematic amendments gence cycle, from initial collection of information, its analysis, by the BD Assembly in April 2021. Moreover, this effectively and subsequent lawful use for crime prevention and investi- illustrates the value of a co-ordinated approach by interna- gation. The Mission also presented the essential features of tional actors in providing sustained support to the independ- ILP as a modern, proactive concept of police management ence and integrity of law enforcement system and functions and strategic response to the emerging threats to security at all levels of authority in Bosnia and Herzegovina. and serious crime.

In 2021, the Mission finalized and registered a five-year ExB In August 2021, the Mission supported the organization of project aimed at bolstering the effectiveness of law enforce- the annual Police Summer School in BD, dedicated to the ment in Bosnia and Herzegovina to combat serious crimes topic of youth and security. Amongst other topics covered and threats to security by further improving an ILP approach to policing. The project will help systemically develop and standardize an ILP model in police agencies, promote and 12 The project was developed based on the findings and recommendations of the corresponding ILP needs assessment conducted in 2019. develop coherent policies, guidelines and structures, provide 13 Publication available at: https://www.osce.org/mission-to-bosnia-and-herzegovi- na/483731

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during the three-day event, the Mission presented on free- Gender-based Violence dom of peaceful assembly and freedom of expression for 39 participants (23 women; 16 men). On 23 and 25 March, the Mission delivered two online lec- tures to 346 cadets (24 women; 322 men) of the Republika On 14 September, the Mission delivered a training course Srpska MoI Police Academy. The lectures focused on the for 25 senior police officials (3 women; 22 men) in BD on the police competencies and duties envisaged by the Republika implementation of the new BD Law on Peaceful Assembly. Srpska Law on Protection from Domestic Violence. The training course focused on practical aspects of the in- ternational human rights standards in the field of freedom of On 30 November and 1 December, during the UN’s 16 Days peaceful assembly and best practices identified in the OSCE of Activism against Gender-Based Violence campaign, the area. Mission hosted a workshop on victim-centric approaches to prosecuting domestic violence. Some 36 participants (26 On 2 December, the Mission supported a training activity for women; 9 men), among whom were law enforcement and 15 police officials and local media representatives (3 women; justice sector representatives, and social welfare actors, en- 12 men) on the revised OSCE Guidelines for Co-operation gaged in structured and open discussions, during which they between Media and Police. The event focused on practical addressed issues that arise when responding to reports of aspects and situations where journalists and police interact, domestic violence. They also took part in a practical exer- and concluded with an agreement to produce pocketsize cise that helped sensitize them to the needs and experiences editions of the Guidelines for easy reference in fieldwork. of victims and survivors. Participants also began identifying possible interventions to improve responses to domestic vi- Throughout 2021, the Mission co-operated with the MoI olence. Potential entry points include multi-sectoral co-op- in Canton 10 and Canton Sarajevo in developing the new eration, case law harmonisation, social reintegration, psy- laws on peaceful assemblies by participating in meetings of chosocial support for perpetrators, psychologists in basic/ the WGs that prepared the drafts as well as by providing municipal courts, compensation for victims and survivors, comments to the drafts. It is expected that both laws will be and the collection of material evidence. adopted in 2022.

Hate Crime Gender Mainstreaming In October, the newly appointed National Point of Contact In 2021, the Mission’s Gender and Youth Unit supported the for Hate Crimes (NPoCHC) submitted a 2020 report14 on role and visibility of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Association hate crimes and bias-motivated incidents to be included in Network of Women Police Officers by co-organizing a series OSCE/ODIHR 2020 Annual Hate Crimes Report. As previ- of events. This includes a general gender-training course for ously reported, the Bosnia and Herzegovina MoD appointed women police officials of the Sarajevo Canton MoI, attended the NPoCHC following the Mission's successful advocacy by 28 women, the annual assembly of the association, and a in 2020. Noting the need for improved quality of the data, training course for enrolment in peacekeeping missions, both the submission of the report promotes the recording and attended by 26 women police officers. The Mission also sup- case-tracking system of incidents. ported an annual assembly meeting of the Republika Srpska Association Network of Women Police Officers that gathered On 23 February, the Mission organized an event for police 30 members (women). officials and prosecutors in Canton Sarajevo on hate crimes and incitement to hatred. The event, gathering 20 partici- In the course of marking the 16 Days of Activism against pants (6 women; 14 men), contributed to building capacity Gender-based violence and the White Ribbon Campaign, of police and prosecution to investigate and prosecute hate the Mission agreed with the management of the Republika crimes cases. Srpska MoI Police Academy to share white ribbons amongst staff and cadets. The Academy organized a lecture on the On 30 March and 1 April, the Mission delivered online intro- importance of the campaign and distributed pinned white ductory presentations for two groups of 150 police cadets ribbons to about 400 cadets and academy staff (40 women; (10 women; 140 men) of the Republika Srpska MoI Police 360 men). Academy as part of their training curriculum.

14 Available at: https://hatecrime.osce.org/bosnia-and-herzegovina

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On 28 May, the Mission participated in a blended event and Activities Related to Threats presented its monitoring findings in relation to bias-motivat- Posed by Criminal Activity ed incidents against the LGBTI15 community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The workshop was organized within the project on improving efficiency of courts and prosecutors’ offices in Organized Crime Bosnia and Herzegovina16 and the Sarajevo Open Centre, an LGBTI NGO, gathering 41 participants (31 women; 10 men) Small Arms and Light Weapons from the judiciary, police and CS. In 2021, the Mission supported the development of the 2021- On 3 December, in co-operation with the Republika Srpska 2024 BiH SALW Control Strategy and the corresponding Judicial and Prosecutorial Training Centre and the BD Judi- Action Plan, adopted in February by the Bosnia and Herze- cial Commission, the Mission co-organized a seminar for po- govina Council of Ministers (CoM). During the same month, lice officials and prosecutors on hate crimes and incitement the Mission also assisted the Bosnia and Herzegovina MoS to hatred. Police officials from the BD Police and Republika with the organization of a meeting of the BiH SALW Co-ordi- Srpska MoI of Brčko District in Bosnia and Herzegovina as nation Board. The event promoted Una-Sana Canton’s good well as prosecutors from the Bijeljina District Prosecutor’s Of- practice development of the Law on Firearms to advance fice and the BD Prosecutor’s Office attended the event (5 harmonization with the UN Firearms Protocol and the EU women; 10 men). Firearms Directives18 in the other Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina cantons. On 23 November, the Mission supported a delivery of the Annual Regional Hate Crimes Conference, held in a blend- In May, the Mission organized and delivered a training course ed format, gathering field operations' staff and stakeholders for the Republika Srpska MoI K9 Unit on detection of SALW from South-Eastern Europe. The conference focused on the and explosives. Seven police officials (men) learned about victims of hate crimes, and addressed different aspects of the structure, capacity and plans for detecting firearms and their protection and support. Some 70 representatives (38 explosives by the K9 Unit. women; 32 men) from the police, judiciary and CS attended the event. On 28 October, the Mission supported the organization of a regular meeting of the BiH SALW Co-ordination Board, gath- The awareness-raising activities in 2021 continued to focus ering representatives of the Bosnia and Herzegovina MoS, on developing resources for sharing knowledge and raising State law enforcement agencies and cantonal MoIs (11 awareness. To address the low number and quality of reports women; 31 men). The meeting focused on the implementa- on bias-motivated incidents and hate crimes, on 4 March, tion of the BiH SALW Control Strategy, including the process the Mission officially launched and widely distributed a Re- of harmonization of cantonal laws on firearms. The Mission port Hate Crimes Leaflet17 both online and in the print form. also took the opportunity to present a draft gender-moni- The leaflet provides definitions of incidents, explains impact toring framework aimed to monitor and evaluate gender as- on the victims and provides guidance on ways to report inci- pects of SALW projects in Bosnia and Herzegovina. dents to the police. The NPoCHC and the Ministry of Secu- rity (MoS) supported the launch and distribution of the leaflet As part of implementation of the BiH SALW Control Strategy as a unique awareness-raising tool in Bosnia and Herzego- and the Roadmap for a Sustainable Solution to the Illegal vina. To complement the leaflet, the Mission also developed Possession, Misuse and Trafficking of SALW and their Am- a pocket-size booklet entailing indicators for identification of munition in the Western Balkans by 2024, the Mission has bias-motivated incidents that will be shared with police and begun implementing the ExB project Addressing security other stakeholders. and safety risks of illegal possession, misuse and trafficking of SALW and their ammunition in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The project is focused on five priority areas: (i) improving SALW and ammunition storage capacity of law enforcement agencies; (ii) increasing institutional awareness on SALW control; (iii) strengthening K9 capabilities of law enforcement

18 Council Directive 91/477/EEC of 18 June 1991 on control of the acquisition and 15 Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex. possession of weapons; Directive 2008/51/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 amending Council Directive 91/477/EEC on control of 16 This project is implemented by BiH High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council the acquisition and possession of weapons; Directive (EU) 2017/853 of the Euro- (HJPC). pean Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2017 amending Council Directive 17 Available at: https://www.osce.org/mission-to-bosnia-and-herzegovina/480125 91/477/EEC on control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.

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agencies for detecting SALW; (iv) developing modalities for workshop with trainers of the specialized training programme case tracking system of SALW; and (v) improving legislative on R&R, benefitting 22 participants (17 women; 5 men). The and regulatory framework on SALW deactivation. workshop resulted in a set of recommendations aimed to adapt the training programme for other sectors, to estab- lish better multi-stakeholder networks at cantonal and local Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT levels, and to promote multi-sectoral training courses and teamwork. The conclusions were shared with the State-level In May, the Bosnia and Herzegovina CoM established a WG co-ordinating team tasked with developing systems and pro- for drafting the proposals of the 2021-2026 BiH Strategy for cedures for the return and reception of citizens of Bosnia and Preventing and Combating Terrorism (CT Strategy) and its Herzegovina from conflict zones in Syria and Iraq. Action Plan. The WG consists of security and non-security actors, as well as CS, in line with whole-of-government and On 23 November, jointly with the RACVIAC Centre for Se- whole-of-society approaches to P/C VERLT. Following the curity Cooperation, the Mission organized a conference on request of the Bosnia and Herzegovina MoS, the Mission media, terrorism and FTFs. The conference took place in supported the development of draft materials for the Strate- Rakitje, Croatia, gathering 33 representatives (13 women; 20 gy, particularly focusing on development of the methodology, men) of governmental institutions and security agencies, the prevention measures, clear and tangible objectives, as well media, and CSOs from the Western Balkans. In addressing as impact and performance indicators. Due to political block- the threat of terrorism through the abuse of digital platforms, age, the WG did not meet until November 2021. the conference emphasized the need for greater co-opera- tion with tech companies, and the value of awareness-raising On 7 and 8 July, the Mission organized a roundtable jointly campaigns. with the Bosnia and Herzegovina MoS, on countering the financing of terrorism pertaining to the non-profit sector, to support the implementation of the Financial Action Task Trafficking in Human Beings Force (FATF) recommendation 8. The event gathered 32 participants (8 women; 24 men), including policymakers, On 7 July, in response to a direct request from Bosnia and prosecutors, law enforcement, financial institutions and the Herzegovina authorities and in co-operation with OSR/ non-profit sector. During the event, participants discussed CTHB, the Mission organized a webinar on combating THB the current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the for Bosnia and Herzegovina Border Police. A total of 31 Bor- misuse of non-profit sector, relevant FATF recommendations der Police officials (7 women; 24 men) improved their knowl- and existing legislation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as edge on essential differences between THB and smuggling possible ways forward to regulate this field and mitigate the of persons. risk of misuse. In October, the Mission organized a webinar for Bosnia and From 13 to 15 October, jointly with the Bosnia and Herze- Herzegovina Border Police on identification of vulnerable mi- govina MoS and the NGO Atlantic Initiative, the Mission or- grants, with a focus on minors. A total of 31 investigators ganized a thematic workshop for institutions representatives and Border Police officers (7 women; 24 men) discussed to help inform the development of the new CT Strategy. The legal criteria for identifying vulnerable categories and rele- Mission used the event, gathering 36 participants (19 wom- vant human rights principles, the application of the do-no- en; 17 men), to define priorities in addressing challenges in harm principle, and referral procedures for identification of the field of prevention and the fight against violent extremism migrant minors. The webinar also focused on regional and as well as the subject of FTFs. It also worked to help identify international experiences, and co-operation in investigating objectives and measures that will strengthen the prevention the criminal offence of smuggling of minors. Participants ex- pillar of the new Strategy. The WG, composed of represent- pressed the need for increasing organizational, technical and atives from all levels of authority, reconvened its work on human capacities of Border Police to ensure full compliance developing strategic priorities and actionable measures. The with relevant international principles and procedures. final draft of the Strategy is expected in the first quarter of 2022. On 19 and 20 October, the Mission organized a two-day peer-to-peer workshop on the experiences and challenges In November, to support the efforts of the authorities to in processing criminal cases involving migrants, refugees, develop effective and sustainable rehabilitation and reinte- and asylum seekers. The workshop gathered 15 participants gration (R&R) measures, the Mission organized a follow-up (11 women; 4 men), including judges, prosecutors, and

55 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina Police Academy. Participants gained knowledge and skills on the basics of cryptography and hash functions, the acquisition of digital evidence, as well as on receiving applications, hearing wit- nesses, compiling reports, obtaining orders, and communi- cating with partners in Bosnia and Herzegovina and abroad. Trainers also presented the basis of criminal offenses against electronic data processing systems and networks within the current legal framework.

Border Security and Management / Customs From 8 to 10 September, jointly with the NGO Centre against Trafficking in Works of Art, the Mission facilitated an intro- Participants during a border security ToT course on the ductory training course for 14 law enforcement officials detection of forged documents, in Mostar, 6 – 9 December 2021. (4 women; 10 men) on countering trafficking in cultural prop-  Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina erty. The Mission successfully advocated for integration of the training course into the official curriculum of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Agency for Education and Professional representatives from the respective MoIs and the Service Training, to ensure sustainable capacity to effectively train for Foreigners Affairs' branch offices, from Una-Sana Can- security sector personnel on the prevention and investigation ton and Tuzla Canton. Participants examined the unique of this crime and its proceeds. challenges presented during criminal proceedings involving members of the mixed migration community. This includes From 29 November to 1 December, jointly with TNTD/BSMU, the establishment of identity, the appointment of ex officio the Mission organized an interactive three-day training course defence counsel, the availability and use of translators, and on the identification of FTFs at the borders for 22 first- and the need for multi-sectoral responses. Participants also iden- second-line Bosnia and Herzegovina border and immigra- tified the need for additional support on these issues, and the tion officers (4 women; 18 men). Participants improved their Mission agreed to facilitate the continued sharing of informa- knowledge on relevant legal frameworks, effective use of tion and experience. INTERPOL databases, API/PNR systems, travel document security, as well as risk analysis and management in the iden- tification of potential FTFs at borders. They also benefited Cybercrime and from guidance on detecting behavioural indicators of FTFs Cyber/ICT Security and interviewing techniques.

In April, the Mission organized a training activity on combat- From 6 to 9 December, in collaboration with TNTD/BSMU, ing cybercrime for 150 police cadets (10 women; 140 men) the Mission organized a four-day ToT course for 12 instruc- from the Republika Srpska MoI Police Academy. tors (3 women; 9 men) of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Agen- cy for Education and Professional Training, aiming to bolster On 24 June, the Mission organized a training course for their skills in developing travel documents, including secu- law enforcement agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina to rity features and forgery methods, using specialized equip- strengthen their capacities to combat cybercrime and cy- ment for detecting forgeries. Further to delivering the training ber-enabled crime. The training course benefited a total of course, the Mission and TNTD/BSMU plan to finalize the do- 38 participants (5 women; 33 men) from the State Investiga- nation of equipment for identification of falsified documents tion and Protection Agency, the Directorate for Co-ordination to the Agency, to be used in future trainings for cadets and of Police Bodies, cantonal police agencies, and cadets from border officers.

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ficers in understanding and using the Republika Srpska Audit Other activities Office reports, and resulted in strengthened co-operation be- In November and December, jointly with the Republika Srp- tween the Republika Srpska Audit Agency, Republika Srpska ska MoJ, the Mission organized three training courses on Ministry of Justice, prosecutors, and the police. Participants audit reports of public institutions for police officers, public emphasized the need for developing a glossary of relevant prosecutors, and expert associates, gathering in total 30 par- terms used in audit reports that should assist law enforce- ticipants (9 women; 21 men). The training courses focused ment and prosecutors when processing cases deriving from on developing new expertise of prosecutors and police of- findings of audit reports.

Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 17 Total

41 Analysis of Lessons 7 Learned, Assessments Training 17 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 56%  ACTIVITIES ON  44% by Criminal Activity

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SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

4.3 Mission in Kosovo

Introduction

The OSCE Mission in Kosovo (the Mission) is mandated with the protection and promotion of human and community rights, as well as with democratization and public safety sector development. Building on the past support and progress achieved, further capacity-building and strategic improvements of the public safety and security sector, in line with best international practices, remain among the main priorities of the Mission.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

17,462,600 EUR 17,462,600 EUR

9.06% DEPARTMENT FOR 9.10% DEPARTMENT FOR SECURITY AND PUBLIC SECURITY AND PUBLIC SAFETY SAFETY

1,582,700 EUR 1,589,900 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

490.5 497

DEPARTMENT FOR DEPARTMENT FOR SECURITY AND PUBLIC SECURITY AND PUBLIC 8.97% SAFETY 8.85% SAFETY

44 Total 44 Total

31 Local 31 Local

13 International 13 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Mission in Kosovo.

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In 1999, the OSCE was mandated with training the new police service of Kosovo to uphold human rights and democratic policing principles. To do so, the Mission’s Department of Police Education and Development (DPED) created an institution called the Kosovo Police Service School (KPSS) that in 2006 evolved into the Kosovo Centre for Public Safety Education and Development (KCPSED) and in 2011 into the Kosovo Academy for Public Safety (KAPS). In order to better reflect the broader context of its programmes in justice, safety and security sector development, the DPED itself became the Department for Security and Public Safety (DSPS) in 2006.

Based on the needs and requests of its beneficiaries, in 2021 the DSPS continued to offer capacity- building, strategic, advisory and technical support to public safety institutions, with a view to advancing their overall performance in providing security and safety, as well as to assist them in managing the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It conducted unified budget and extra-budgetary project activities consisting of specialized and advanced training, seminars, workshops and roundtables. The activities of the DSPS focused on strengthening the capacities of the MoIA and its security sector institutions, as well as other public safety institutions and fora to prevent and counter transnational threats and promote overall safety. These activities targeted organized crime, cybercrime, terrorism and violent extremism and radicalization, THB, illicit narcotics, domestic violence, hate crime and enhancement of communication, community policing and community safety infrastructure. In addition, the DSPS continued to contribute to drafting and reviewing strategic documents of public safety institutions, with the intent of enhancing the overall security sector.

The DSPS also utilizes its field presence in five Mission’s regional offices to monitor cases in the public’s attention, as well as the human rights compliance of the Kosovo Police (KP), with a particular focus on promoting appropriate police responses to cases of hate crimes and public assemblies. It additionally uses its field staff to advice and advocate for local and municipal safety mechanisms, and to sensitize these mechanisms to contribute more to the safety in their localities. Additionally, in its activities related to the advancement of community rights, the Mission’s Department of Human Rights and Communities also co-operates with the police and undertook a number of relevant activities in 2021.

Activities Related to General and Systematization of Workplaces. The WG, consisting of Police Development and Reform 12 senior probations service managers and representatives (5 women; 7 men) of the Mission, the EU Rule of Law Mis- sion in Kosovo (EULEX) and ICITAP, drafted a version of the Police Development and Reform regulation, which lays out the structure of the KPS, its roles within Security Sector Reform and responsibilities, as well as its chain of communication and command. Moreover, in line with the changing trends in From 1 to 3 February, the Mission organized an in-person the area of safety and security, the WG also focused on the workshop in Pejë/Peċ on finalizing the KP Strategic Devel- establishment of a special supervisory unit, primarily tasked opment Plan 2021-2025. This event gathered 22 local and to perform probation work with individuals associated with international interlocutors (1 woman; 21 men) members of violent extremism and radicalization. the WG. The Strategic Development Plan is a crucial strate- gic document that will assist the KP in its development and On 24 March, the Mission organized and delivered a course growth for the next five years and outline current deficien- on media relations to 16 officers (3 women; 13 men) of the cies, while helping the Mission and other stakeholders in the Kosovo Correctional Service (KCS), the Emergency Man- planning of future activities. agement Agency (EMA) and Customs, within the framework of their first line supervision training course at the KAPS. From 23 to 25 March, the Mission facilitated a three-day Through scenario-based exercises, participants learned workshop and provided expertise in drafting the Kosovo about the importance of building a strong working relation- Probation Service (KPS) Regulation on Internal Organization ship with the media and how to meet their information needs

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at best by using a proactive approach. Since the commu- From 26 to 28 July, the Mission organized a three-day work- nication between these agencies and the media and the shop to support the KCS in finalizing its first Training Devel- public is centralized, the event helped understanding that opment Strategy and Action Plan 2021-2025, gathering 16 professional communication is a crucial component in ac- participants (4 women; 12 men). The Strategy and its Action curately informing the public about their work and achieve- Plan focus on enhancing the internal capabilities of the KCS ments. in the area of capacity-building and lay out the objectives of institution in terms of learning capacities for the next four On 2 April, as a member of the WG, the Mission took part years. The documents also describe foreseen activities to in the final review of the Kosovo Agency on Forensics (KAF) achieve set goals, along with the timelines for their imple- Development Strategy and Action Plan 2016-2020, and mentation. The Mission will continue to support the KCS in contributed to the evaluation of strategic objectives and the implementation of the Strategy by delivering specialized implementation of the Action Plan. The WG, consisting of and advanced learning courses in the future. eight participants (men), concluded that the assessment of the overall four-year strategic cycle is successful and ascer- From 11 to 14 October, the Mission facilitated a four-day on- tained 80% of activities were implemented. line training course for 27 officials (6 women; 21 men) of the KCS on prevention of human rights violations in correctional On 7 May, the Mission equipped the KAF with ten laptop institutions. The training programme included modules cov- computers to assist them in conducting effective evidence ering international and domestic legal frameworks, stand- examination, and enable the development of the capacities ards related to detention, as well as an in-depth discussion of KAF staff members through online training courses, sem- on human rights and rights of special categories of prison- inars and workshops. ers such as women, juveniles, and detainees with mental disabilities or health conditions. The course also included From 22 to 25 June, with the aim to support public safety exercises and case studies, which allowed participants to institutions’ compliance with the Law on the Use of Lan- strengthen their knowledge in upholding the human rights of guages, the Mission gathered 25 representatives (8 women; detainees in line with best international practices. 17 men) of the Office of Language Commissioner (OLC), the KAPS and the KP, to develop the Police Bilingual Hand- From 25 to 29 October, the Mission delivered an online train- book. The quick reference handbook contains terminology ing activity on dynamic security to 22 managers (4 wom- used during daily police work, key traffic violations and traffic en; 18 men) of the KCS. Overall, the activity equipped the fines, while enabling the police to use basic vocabulary in managers with knowledge in operating effectively to improve Albanian and Serbian languages. the security of the prisons system. Participants gained new skills required to ensure the safety and security of prisoners From 23 to 25 June, the Mission delivered a training course and support staff through various case studies. The activity on webpage and social media management to 21 commu- focused on the practical application of human rights consid- nication officers (6 women; 15 men) of the MoIA, the KAPS, erations in dealing with prisoners, and included specifically the KP, the Police Inspectorate of Kosovo (PIK), the EMA, tailored topics such as components of prison security, con- the KCS and the Association of Women in Kosovo Police cepts of physical and dynamic security, procedural security (AWKP). The course focused on the importance of organi- and role of managers and support staff, and gathering infor- zational communication, which contributes to building rela- mation within correctional facilities. tionships and enhancing internal interaction. It also trained participants on how to communicate with the public through From 29 to 31 October, the Mission delivered a training social media, create online events, as well as formulate mes- workshop on strategic communication to 20 communication sages and generate engaging content. In addition, partici- officers (8 women; 12 men) of the MoIA, the KP, the KAPS, pants were trained on techniques that will enable them to the PIK, the EMA, the KCS and the AWKP. The workshop build effective counter disinformation narratives. included several sessions and practical exercises, through which participants learned about strategic communication On 29 June, the Mission equipped the KCS with ten lap- as part of institutional success, and involved discussions re- tops, particularly important during the COVID-19 pandemic garding international strategic communication practices and period, as most activities are implemented via online plat- those employed in Kosovo. Workshop discussions includ- forms. The equipment will be used in the Mission’s future ed mandatory elements of strategic communication, such training courses for the KCS. as identification of audience, development of the message, and selection of channels and means of communication. A practical exercise concluded the workshop, where partic-

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ipants developed four fully-fledged communication cam- managers of the KAF and representatives of the Mission, paign strategies. At least one of these campaign strategies ICITAP and the United States Department of State Bureau is planned to be implemented in 2022. of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL). Participants finalized the Action Plan, which lays out detailed From 8 to 11 November, jointly with the North Carolina objectives and activities along with their timelines, responsi- Justice Academy, the Mission delivered a training course ble implementation entities and financial cost for the period covering media and public relations based on best interna- 2022-2026. tional law enforcement practices. The course, gathering 20 communication officers (5 women; 15 men) of the MoIA, the From 17 to 19 December, the Mission supported the MoIA, KP, the PIK, the KAPS, the KCS and the AWKP, comprised the KP, the KAPS, the PIK and the EMA in facilitating a work- topics and practical writing exercises, mock interviews and shop to review their Communication Strategy and Action press conferences, through which participants learned how Plan 2020-2022. During the workshop, 14 WG representa- to compose legally releasable information to the media and tives (6 women; 8 men) from MoIA and the abovementioned the public when covering public safety concerns and crimi- institutions reviewed the implementation of the Strategy nal investigations. Participants were also encouraged to de- designed to support public safety institutions in effectively velop a systematic media strategy, capable of assisting the communicating with the public and media. In addition, they police and other public safety institutions in enhancing en- presented the activities designed to help public safety insti- gagement with local communities, by guiding the narrative tutions attain the organizational objectives, ensure commu- with transparency and open source media platforms. nities understand what they do, and demonstrate success of their work through communication means. Participants On 6 December, the Mission facilitated a workshop to dis- also presented shortcomings in communication impacted cuss leaders’ role in strategic communication as motivators by the COVID-19 pandemic, which hindered the implemen- for others to work towards a common goal for 30 commu- tation of planned awareness-raising activities. nication officers and senior managers (8 women; 22 men) of the MoIA, the KP, the PIK and other public safety insti- From 17 to 24 December, the Mission supported the KP and tutions. Participants underlined the importance of strategic the KAPS to showcase their visual identity through the provi- communication and the leadership support for effective and sion of 13 wall panels, 13 speaking stands (lecterns) and 60 timely communication. roll-up banners. These items, consisting of distinctive brand elements, logos and colours of the KP and the KAPS, and From 6 to 10 December, the Mission conducted a special- aimed at increasing visibility and ensure consistency in com- ized training course to enhance the skills of senior officers munication, were handed over to the KP headquarters and of the KCS in planning and implementing an Emergency regional directorates, the KP Division of Specialized Units, Response System within correctional facilities. The train- and the KAPS. ing course familiarized ten KCS officers (1 woman; 9 men) from various correctional facilities with planning aspects and From 18 to 19 December, the Mission organized a training types of emergency plans, principles of security and order, course on using a computer-assisted translation software management of major disturbances and riots, as well as dy- for 12 translators and proofreaders (8 women; 4 men) of the namic security. The activity focused on developing the skills MoIA and the KP. The Mission also equipped the KP and and enhancing the knowledge of the KCS officers in the the MoIA with 12 advanced computer-assisted translation management of critical prison incidents and the prevention software in the frame of its support to enhance bilingualism of prison crises. efforts. Participants were acquainted with the software func- tions and learned how to boost their productivity the pre- From 7 to 9 December, the Mission facilitated a workshop dictive typing, proofreading, quality check, and the creation to draft the new KAF Development Strategy and Action Plan of a database with security sector terminology to maintain 2022-2026, with a view to providing a structured and de- institutional memory. tailed plan for developing KAF’s human resources and tech- nical capacities. The new strategy focuses on strengthening From 21 to 23 December, the Mission assisted the KP in the forensic and technical capacities of KAF’s staff, quality drafting a proficiency skills scheme for police cadets attend- assurance, and management and accreditation processes. ing the basic professional training at the KAPS. The work- Particular attention was given to establishing and develop- shop, gathering 26 participants (7 women; 19 men) from ing new areas of expertise such as financial examination the KP, the KAPS, the OLC, the Mission and the Embassy and missing persons. The event gathered the WG, compris- of Switzerland, aimed to provide the KP with a framework ing 13 experts (3 women; 10 men), among whom senior through which managers and staff can implement the ob-

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jectives as set out in the Law on the Use of Languages, On 25 January, the Mission handed over 1,100 copies of the while supporting the police in demonstrating linguistic cour- booklet Awareness raising activities and protective meas- tesy in official languages spoken in Kosovo. The workshop ures undertaken by the police during the pandemic to the builds on several activities of the Mission in the framework KP General Directorate. The booklet, drafted by the KP Di- of a project aimed at developing bilingual language tools to rectorate of Health Services, lists all police activities carried strengthen the trust and co-operation between police and out to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as those communities. In December, jointly with the OLC, the Swed- in support to public and institutions, with a special focus ish Embassy in Pristina and others, the Mission organized placed on prevention and response. Printed in Albanian, the third annual Language Award Ceremony to acknowl- Serbian and English languages, the booklet was delivered edge and reward institutional compliance with the Law on to the senior management in all eight police regions, with a the Use of Languages, during which both the MoIA and the view to strengthen their ability to adapt to new challenges KP were awarded. in the future, as well as to plan and prepare the required strategic responses. The KP General Director commend- On 23 December, the Mission inaugurated a webinar class- ed OSCE’s support since the beginning of the COVID-19 room in the KAPS, which it helped establish with a view to pandemic, particularly through training and the provision of enable KAPS students’ access to law enforcement training strategic advisory and protective equipment. and education programmes, as well as to integrate interna- tional good practices. The classroom includes computers, On 1 April, with the aim to support the KP, the Mission smart board, headphones, microphones, sound insulation handed over 20 new laptops, 47 used desktop computers, equipment, and office furniture. The innovative classroom printers and photocopiers to the KP Training Division. The will also enable law enforcement management, professors, ICT equipment is expected to enable the police to continue lecturers and instructors to deliver online learning modules, capacity-building activities through different online learning webinars, conferences, and training courses to students, platforms. and allow them to reach a bigger audience. From 5 to 9 July, the Mission delivered an online training On 23 December, the Mission supported the launch of the event on organizational change management and lead- showroom corner at the KAPS, which presents the history ership to 18 senior managers (5 women; 13 men) of the and milestones of the support of the OSCE and other inter- KP to equip them with practical skills in facilitating future national partners to public safety education in Kosovo from organizational changes. The event focused on the topics of 1999 to 2021. The showroom corner displays memorabilia understanding organizations, leadership and management, from previous training and education programmes and will organizational performance management, organizational support the strengthening of the community policing plat- change types, as well as key roles during change manage- form for young visitors from primary and secondary schools. ment. Moreover, participants learned about change man- agement strategy, managing resistance and power games in organizational change, change management in the police, Human Resources / and micro-politics as a management technique. Police Management From 26 to 30 July, the Mission delivered an online training In January and May, the Mission handed over resource li- workshop on drafting scenarios for learning activities to 14 braries consisting of over 400 copies of books and 10 book- members (3 women; 11 men) of the KP. The activity en- cases to five regional directorates of the KP. The collection hanced participants’ skills in creating relevant and realistic was selected jointly with the KP Training Division and includ- scenarios and developing scenario sites, while familiariz- ed books on criminal, administrative and constitutional legis- ing them with respective learning aids and the necessary lation, human rights, leadership and management, and oth- logistical equipment. The course also equipped participants er specific police literature in Albanian, Serbian and English with insights on techniques to enhance their abilities to draft languages. The books can be borrowed to all police officers learning scenarios, create questionnaires and surveys, and of these regions with the aim of enhancing their professional provide timely and constructive feedback to students partic- knowledge of policing work. ipating in respective scenarios.

On 13 December, the Mission supported the KP in facilitat- ing a workshop to review the Training Strategy and Action Plan 2019-2021. The strategy, reviewed by a WG compris- ing 11 representatives (3 women; 8 men) from the KP, the

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Mission and ICITAP, aims at further developing police ca- From 30 August to 3 September, the Mission delivered a pacities in delivering quality training to its employees. Dur- training course on complaints handling and procedures to ing the workshop, participants identified shortcomings, dis- ten investigators (4 women; 6 men) of the PIK. The course cussed challenges and ways to address them, and provided focused on anti-corruption investigations and strengthened recommendations to improve the KP capacities in light of participants’ skillset in handling public complaints against criminality and technological development trends. police officers, in accordance with the best practices and procedures, as well as human rights standards. The training course also included topics of preliminary and administrative Human Rights and Police investigations, as well as reporting and use of evidence in Accountability investigations of public complaints.

From April to October, the Mission supported the develop- On 21 and 22 September, the Mission conducted a two-day ment of a new webpage for the PIK, as the previous web- online learning course on the assessment of holding cells, page did not meet their need to strengthen the co-operation detention centres and rights of arrested persons for 14 of- with communities through enhanced communication and ficers (5 women; 9 men) of the PIK. The course contributed transparency. The newly developed webpage is compatible to upholding the institution’s capacity to monitor the police with mobile devices and different browsers, easily manage- compliance with human rights standards and internal pro- able by multi-users, and optimized for a faster webpage cedures. The programme topics included modules covering opening. international and domestic legislation, risk assessment and self-harm prevention measures, needs of vulnerable groups, From 14 to 18 June, the Mission delivered an in-person ad- as well as standards to be observed during the transporta- vanced training course on defensive tactics to 11 officers tion of detainees. (men) of the PIK. The course focused on enhancing the overall practical skills of PIK officers in defensive tactics, and equipped them with best practices and techniques used in Gender and Ethnic Mainstreaming the area of force continuum and principles related to the use of force when enforcing their powers, in accordance with the On 8 March, jointly with the AWKP, the Mission marked the human rights standards. The course also covered tactical International Women’s Day through an online event on chal- simulation exercises, injury prevention and mitigating tech- lenges and achievements during the COVID-19 pandem- niques, arrest techniques, as well as close quarter offensive ic, gathering 14 representatives (13 women; 1 man) from and defensive tactics. the AWKP, the Mission, UN Women and the Association of Journalists of Kosovo. The event assessed the gendered On 23 June, the Head of Mission visited the PIK and handed impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, with specific focus on 10 notebook computers to the agency, to ensure its staff the AWKP and the police as frontline responders during the has the technical means to build and develop their capac- emergency. Participants presented success stories, such as ities through online platforms. The Head of Mission met the signature of two agreements with private medical labo- with the Chief Executive Officer and senior managers of the ratories offering services free of charge to members of the agency, who introduced the role and mandate of the PIK, as AWKP and their families, the distribution of protective masks well as the ongoing capacity-building support given by the to communities in all regions, and donations to shelters and Mission, which significantly contributes to PIK’s efforts in en- safe houses. suring credible, accountable and professional police service. From 21 to 27 October, in close co-operation with the KP, From 28 June to 2 July, the Mission delivered an advanced the Mission facilitated five introductory workshops to en- online training course to nine investigators (2 women; 7 courage youth from different communities to join the po- men) of the PIK, focused on best European practices on lice. The workshops gathered a total of 142 participants inspection policies and methods to advance the capacities (51 women; 91 men) from Kosovo Albanian, Kosovo Serb, of the PIK to conduct effective inspections. Through prac- Kosovo Turk, Kosovo Bosniak, Kosovo Gorani, Kosovo tical exercises and case studies, participants learned how Croat, Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo Egyp- to use several methods and techniques for conducting in- tian communities. From 28 October to 8 November, jointly spections, prepare operational plans and documentation with the KP, the Mission conducted two six-day introductory of inspections, conduct field assessment using fact-finding workshops for two groups of 25 participants (10 women; techniques and report writing, and prepare evidence pres- 40 men) from Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo entations following the inspections. Egyptian communities. During these events, the KP instruc-

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tors familiarized participants with application procedures to satisfaction in policing. Discussions encompassed the role join the police, focusing on the criteria for recruitment and of communication in improving public confidence and gain- the selection process, and the content of the basic profes- ing public trust, and the need to encourage better internal sional police training. and external communication of police services.

On 12 November, the Mission supported the workshop on On 1 April, the Mission equipped the police with six electron- strengthening the co-operation between the AWKP and ic information panels to promote the digital reporting pro- representatives from the Women Department of the Koso- gramme and its “Inform the Police” mobile application, the vo Islamic Community and Women Commission of the design of which was supported by the Mission. Protestant Evangelical Church communities in Prishtinë/ Priština municipality. During the event, gathering 28 wom- On 29 June and 23 December, the Mission facilitated two en, participants discussed challenges in their communities, workshops to support the bi-annual implementation reviews different security mechanisms available and ways forward of the Integrated Intelligence-led Policing and Community to strengthen the co-operation between all parties. Among Policing Strategy and Action Plan 2021-2025. The work- other issues, participants focused on the prevention activ- shops gathered 80 participants (12 women; 68 men) from ities related to VERLT, domestic violence and support for the KP, the PIK, the Mission, ICITAP, the UNDP and the EU- victims of domestic violence, and the promotion of diversity led project in support of police reform. During the events, and mutual understanding. the police and its partners provided an overview of the pro- gress and helped identify difficulties in the implementation of On 20 December, the Mission supported the KP in launching activities, along with recommendations for the way forward. their Gender Equality Agenda and Action Plan 2021-2023, Despite the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the which aims to improve the position and the career devel- overall implementation was reported as progressive, where- opment of women at all levels within the KP. The strategic by 75 out of 99 activities set in the Action Plan were fully document is in compliance with the Law on Gender Equality, implemented, 17 partially implemented and only seven not the UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace and Security, as well implemented. as the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Millennium Goals, in particular SDG 5. Following a baseline From 7 to 15 July, the Mission facilitated five workshops on assessment conducted with the KP and international or- the Tasking and Co-ordination Groups (TCGs) functions, ganizations in 2020, the Mission transformed findings and integral part of the Integrated ILP and Community Policing recommendations into strategic objectives, while the KP de- Strategy. The workshops, gathering 154 officers (23 wom- veloped activities which will support police women and men en; 131 men) of the KP, covered the existing Standard Op- in achieving their full potential and contribution to policing. erating Procedures (SOP) for TCGs through the presentation The Mission printed the Gender Equality Agenda and the of good practices and the increase in the number of intelli- Action Plan, providing the KP with 250 copies in Albanian, gence reports compared to 2020. Serbian and English languages each. The event gathered 30 participants (16 women; 14 men) from the Mission, the From 8 to 9 September, the Mission supported the KP in Kosovo Force (KFOR), the United States Embassy, INL, IC- carrying out a two-day workshop to finalize the Guidebook ITAP, UN Women, EULEX, and the International Association on the Intelligence Cycle, foreseen in the Strategy. The of Women in Police (IAWP). Guidebook will increase police capacities and improve per- formance in community policing, intelligence gathering, and in using ILP products throughout the police service. The Community Policing, Police-Public workshop, gathering 25 participants (2 women; 23 men), Relations and Crime Prevention explored the structure and the content of the Guidebook.

From 16 to 26 March, the Mission organized five regional From 11 October to 11 November, the Mission facilitated workshops on the role of community policing, with the aim eight workshops to introduce the Guidebook to the KP, of equipping police officers with specific knowledge to build and provided support in the development and printing of genuine rapport with all communities and particularly with the Guidebook ahead of the workshops.19 The workshops marginalized groups. The events, gathering 129 frontline of- gathered 194 police officials (26 women; 168 men) from all ficers (19 women; 110 men) of the KP, included sessions on police departments, general and regional directorates, and the new KP Integrated Intelligence-led Policing and Com- munity Policing Strategy and Action Plan 2021-2025, em- phasizing the strategic objective on building confidence and 19 The Mission printed 3,000 copies of the Guidebook in Albanian, 500 in Serbian and 50 copies in English, successively distributed to all police regions.

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police stations. The workshops familiarized the officers of ployees, to develop analytical reports, and most importantly, the KP with the framework and main components of ILP, to support the performance appraisal process for the entire with a view to enabling a thorough understanding and con- KP personnel. sistent implementation of the ILP concept. The workshops also familiarized the officers with their roles and responsibil- Community Safety ities stemming from the Strategy, with clear instructions on how to apply it. From 10 March to 28 October, the Mission supported the KP in organizing four workshops to raise awareness on From 17 September to 19 November, the Mission con- the importance of gender mainstreaming and youth inclu- ducted six workshops on prevention of juvenile delinquen- sion within Local Public Safety Committees (LPSCs)20 by cy, gathering 139 officers (35 women; 104 men) of the KP, promoting their role in community safety and security. The prosecutors for juveniles, representatives of the Municipal workshops gathered 73 participants (28 women; 45 men) Directorates for Education (MDE), the Centre for Social Work from youth centres, Local Youth Action Councils, Municipal (CSW) and the KCS. The workshops aimed at enhancing Offices for Gender Equality, CS, LPSCs and the KP. Through attendees’ capacity and their partnership approach in ad- customized presentations delivered during workshops, par- dressing issues related to juvenile delinquency in a sus- ticipants learned about the legal framework that regulates tainable and multi-institutional manner. Participants had an youth and gender-based matters at local level in conjunction opportunity to cross-examine common approaches to the with the government strategic documents and action plans. new juvenile delinquency trends, were encouraged to work Likewise, the importance of youth inclusion and women’s with local institutions in responding promptly and appro- empowerment in decision-making processes at local level priately, and shape policy decisions to tackle the identified was highlighted during the events, alongside the benefits trends. Specific issues raised stressed concerns regarding stemming from engaging women and youth in community the treatment of juveniles at time of detention, condition of safety forums. holding areas at police stations, lack of specialised interview rooms and trained officers available out of hours, and con- On 16 April, the Mission concluded the installation of ten cerns over the attendance of parents, social workers and surveillance cameras (CCTV) in the returnee village of Lubo- solicitors for interviews. zhdë/Ljubožda in the Istog/Istok municipality, to enhance the safety and security of returnees. The cameras were From 28 to 30 September, the Mission supported the KP in provided and installed by the Mission, following a request carrying out a workshop to finalize the Standard Operating from Kosovo Serb returnees living in the village, affected by Procedure on Registration, Access and Administration of KP incidents of theft and damage to property since their spon- databases foreseen in the Integrated ILP and Community taneous return in 2017 and during 2020. The Kosovo Alba- Policing Strategy. The workshop gathered 22 members (5 nian community members, living in the same village, also women; 17 men) of the joint KP WG, and helped them re- supported the request. The cameras will be monitored by view the structure and the content foreseen in the SOP. In the KP in a surveillance room located at the KP Station in addition, the SOP is expected to harmonize and unify the Istog/Istok, and the system will be maintained by the same police procedures for entering into the systems, as well as municipality. recording reports and operational police information in their areas of responsibility. From 21 April to 19 October, the Mission supported the fa- cilitation of four workshops on enhancing the participation From 7 to 10 December, the Mission assisted the KP in car- of community safety fora members in decision-making pro- rying out a workshop to finalize the Platform for Entering cesses concerning public safety. The events gathered 93 Data Electronically, which gathered 24 members (3 wom- participants (14 women; 79 men) consisting of co-ordinators en; 21 men) of the joint KP WG and the Mission. The plat- of Municipal Community Safety Councils (MCSCs)21, LPSC form will serve as a guide on how to feed the KP systems chairpersons and KP station commanders from seven po- through electronic data and information entry of activities, lice regions. The Mission presented some achievements of operational engagements, police investigation reports, and information on other police work. The platform describes job descriptions, tasks and responsibilities for all police person- 20 Local Public Safety Committees (LPSCs) exist in a number of smaller areas within nel, and the ways the KP systems/databases should be fed municipalities, such as remote and multi-ethnic villages. They are composed of lo- cal community representatives and are consulted by the KP on matters concerning with information and activities conducted by KP personnel safety and security. electronically. The electronic entry of data is also expected 21 Municipal Community Safety Councils (MCSCs) are established in municipalities in order to institutionalize co-operation between municipal institutions, communities to contribute to record individual engagements of all KP em- and the police. As per 2021, there are 34 established MCSCs Kosovo-wide, with four to be established in the north.

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MCSCs and LPSCs during the workshop, which additionally 91 participants (30 women; 61 men) from six LPSCs, the involved discussions regarding ways to increase co-ordina- KP, and the Mission staff in the capacity of in-house train- tion and co-operation between all local safety actors. Partic- ers. The sessions covered the role and importance of local ipants asked municipal representatives to work closer with and social media and creation of a communication strategy, residents to effectively solve inter-ethnic incidents, while the where participants learned that through close co-operation MoIA asked for more co-operation between the public and with the media and presentation of community safety initi- community safety members, urging MCSC co-ordinators to atives, they could shape communities’ views and opinions, help finance LPSC initiatives through more efforts on main- and set the agenda for public discussion. Moreover, par- streaming gender in community safety fora. ticipants learned how to attract media attention by utilising social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, From 27 April to 20 May, the Mission facilitated a commu- through presentation of user-generated content like data, nity policing training for 21 members (7 women; 14 men) pictures and videos covering LPSC events. of three newly established LPSCs. The new LPSC mem- bers gained knowledge on partnership, team building, and From 4 June to 14 November, the Mission supported the problem solving, including how to write project proposals facilitation of three inter-cultural youth forums, gathering 58 to address the needs and concerns of their communities. participants (30 women; 28 men) from Kosovo Albanian, The new LPSC training package, which the Mission devel- Kosovo Serb, Kosovo Ashkali and Kosovo Turk communi- oped jointly with the MoIA and the KP in 2020, was delivered ties. These events were also attended by members of three during the course, including sessions on community safe- LPSCs and police officers from Prishtinë/Priština municipal- ty mechanisms, safety audit, gender equality, hate crimes, ity. During the events, participants learned about advoca- THB and VERLT. cy and negotiation skills, and the importance of support- ing initiatives related to prevention of COVID-19 and other On 25 May, the Mission facilitated a workshop to intro- youth-related matters. Participants were also involved in duce the pilot safety research in schools of the municipal- activities such as quizzes and awareness sessions on sev- ity of Prishtinë/Priština, to be conducted by the KP and the eral topics, held to strengthen the co-operation and com- MDE with the support of the Mission. The purpose of the munication between them, the members of LPSCs and the workshop, the starting point of a series of activities to start police officers. The KP presented information on prevention in 2022, was to present the concept idea of a pilot safety of different negative phenomena and emphasized the im- research to 33 participants (16 women; 17 men) from the portance of working with youth for an enhanced community MDE, the KP, as well as school principals, psychologists and safety. the Parental Council, and to co-ordinate future steps. The event focused on presenting details and methodology that On 26 June, the Mission supported the Kosovo Paralympic will be applied in the implementation of the pilot research, Committee and Parents Organization of Children with Dis- and was followed by discussions and suggestions from par- abilities in Kosovo in hosting a moderate version of 2021 ticipants. Mini-Olympic Games for 60 young people with special needs. The event, supported by the Mission for 16 consec- On 27 May, jointly with the KFOR, the Mission organized a utive years, took place at Rugova Valley in Pejë/Peć, and roundtable on strengthening the ability of community safety provided an opportunity for participants to compete in five mechanisms to address security concerns related to women sport disciplines. The Mission also provided competition and girls in the municipality of Prishtinë/Priština. The round- and sport requisites, along with other learning and special table assessed the security situation in the region and held drawing assets as well as toys for the children. discussions on how to establish risk mitigation measures as the first step of prevention. Moreover, 26 participants (14 On 28 June and 22 September, in an effort to revitalize not women; 12 men) discussed monitoring and reporting tools fully operative LPSCs, the Mission supported the KP in or- and how communication between the various committees ganizing two learning workshops on partnership building at municipal level can be streamlined to those security con- and problem solving. The event gathered 30 new members cerns and inform executive responses of the KP and munic- (11 women; 19 men) of six LPSCs in two Kosovo regions, ipal management. including community members and KP officers. The work- shops aimed at strengthening the LPSCs’ operational ca- From 27 May to 29 September, the Mission supported the KP pacity to ensure sustainability in community safety, as well as in organizing and facilitating four learning sessions for LPSC to enhance respective members’ abilities to address com- chairpersons on co-operation and promotion of community munity safety matters and their co-operation with responsi- safety initiatives through local media. The events gathered ble stakeholders. The events also included discussions on

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the representation of women and men in decision-making On 17 November, the Mission assisted a LPSC initiative processes at local level and the inclusion of youth in com- in placing three gazebos in the yard of the SOS Village in munity safety initiatives. Prishtinë/Priština, officially handed over during an event held with representatives of the Mission, the SOS Village and the On 31 August, the Mission facilitated a training course for KP. The new facilities will be used for outdoor activities by LPSC members on awareness raising among youth. The the children at the SOS Village. event gathered 14 participants (4 women; 10 men) as members of nominated LPSCs of all eight KP regions. The On 30 November, the Mission supported the MoIA in organ- sessions introduced the hate crime concept and ways to izing a workshop to conduct the third annual review of the support victims of such incidents, but also how to prevent implementation of Community Safety Strategy and Action bias, harassment, and hate crimes by focusing on teaching Plan 2018-2023. During the workshop, gathering ten partic- students how to respond to such cases. ipants (2 women; 8 men) from the MoIA, the KP, ICITAP and the Mission, participants shared information regarding their On 27 September, the Mission equipped the Prizren KP Re- contribution to the implementation of activities projected in gional Directorate and the MCSC Co‑ordinator with a com- the Strategy's Action Plan for 2021. New ideas based on puter and a monitor, thus finalizing the project of installation latest trends were explored and incorporated in the amend- of CCTV cameras in the village of Novakë/Novak in Prizren ed action plan. Key points of discussion entailed challenges municipality. Nine surveillance cameras will be monitored by faced during the COVID-19 pandemic, including the can- the KP and maintained by the municipality, thus contributing cellation of last year’s annual review of the Strategy, and the to a prompt response to security incidents affecting these newly elected central and local level institutions, which post- communities. The installation and operationalization of the poned the appointment of the Co-ordinator for Implementa- CCTV cameras followed a request from the local community tion of the Strategy, causing a delay in the process to update of Prizren municipality and the KP to address the increased the Steering Group members. number of security incidents in the village in 2020 and 2021. On 14 December, the Mission supported the KP and the From 12 to 14 October, the Mission delivered a training Prishtinë/Priština MDE to present the results of the pilot sur- course on community policing to 14 participants (6 wom- vey on school safety. The event, gathering 32 participants en; 8 men) from the new LPSC of Junik, police officers and (14 women; 18 men) from the KP and the Prishtinë/Prišti- new members of the existing LPSCs of Obiliq/Obiliċ and na MDE, aimed at sharing the results of the survey. School Prishtinë/Priština Centre. During the course, participants safety aspects included situations that affect the safety of were introduced to the principles of community safety and children at school premises, around the school, on the way community policing, as well as to the key components of to school and home, but also violence against children, small-scale projects, where they learned how to write pro- teachers’ treatment of students in schools, as well as the ject proposals to address the needs and concerns of their reaction of students, school staff and parents to aspects communities. The session on gender mainstreaming in of security breaches. This qualitative study included a rep- community safety initiatives raised participants’ awareness resentative sample, with face-to-face and online interviews of the important role of women in community safety fora. applied through questionnaires designed for specific cate- gories. In total, 20 schools involving around 1,000 students, On 4 November, in the framework of a joint project to 150 school staff members and 150 parents were included in support community safety initiatives through LPSCs with this research. A set of conclusions and specific recommen- the Royal Norwegian Embassy, the Mission equipped the dations were drawn and are expected to be addressed with office of LPSC “Lubizhdë/Ljubižda” in Prizren municipality concrete actions through a joint plan of the KP, the MDE and with IT equipment and inventory, making it operative and school authorities in 2022. capable of working for the benefit of all communities resid- ing in the area. The Mission also delivered notebook com- On 28 December, the Mission completed the implementa- puters for the cabinet of informatics in the school Skender tion of its two-year project in developing the MoIA’s Com- Kastrati in Rahovec/Orahovac municipality, to support digital munity Safety Forums Web Portal for around 3,000 mem- learning of the students. The two activities contributed to bers of community safety forums Kosovo wide22 and the KP increasing the visibility of respective LPCSs, and fostered from six police regions. This mobile-friendly trilingual internet the partnership with the KP, MCSCs and other municipal portal enables public participation and civic engagement in bodies, as well as CS and other stakeholders contributing community safety and is a place for interaction, e-learning, to community safety.

22 Including members of MCSCs, LPSCs and Community Safety Action Teams.

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starting initiatives, addressing and reporting local safety and girls at the local-level. The Mission supports the WSN challenges, and sharing experiences. The portal contributes as a local mechanism to take a proactive stance to wom- to a sustainable increase of police-public co-operation in en’s and girls’ security concerns by raising awareness and Kosovo, while stimulating public support and raising aware- strengthening co-operation. ness on community safety forums and community policing throughout Kosovo. The Mission also trained the MoIA’s ICT On 4 August, in its efforts to help prevent and fight domes- staff responsible for the development and maintenance of tic violence, the Mission equipped the KP with 20,000 leaf- the portal and handed over three notebook computers. lets aimed at raising awareness on domestic violence. The Mission assisted the KP in designing and printing 16,000 awareness-raising leaflets in Albanian and 4,000 in Serbi- Gender-based Violence an languages for students of upper primary and secondary schools. From 25 October to 4 November, police officers On 12 May, the Mission organized an online information of domestic violence units visited 30 primary high schools session for members of the Municipal Co-ordination Mech- and provided lectures to schoolchildren of Kosovo Albanian, anisms against Domestic Violence (MCMDV) of Malisheve/ Kosovo Roma, Kosovo Egyptian and Kosovo Ashkali com- Mališevo, Mamuşa/Mamushe/Mamuša and Prizren munici- munities on indicators and consequences that this phenom- palities. The event gathered 19 participants (11 women; 8 enon brings to families and society in general. During the men) from the KP, justice institutions, the Victim’s Advocacy events, the police distributed the leaflets, containing infor- and Assistance Office (VAAO), the Agency for Free Legal mation regarding domestic violence, how it affects children, Aid, Municipal Employment Offices, the Regional Hospital, the forms of violence that exists, and how to address con- the CSW, and several shelters for victims of domestic vio- cerns when witnessing a domestic violence situation. Police lence. The aim of the event was to raise awareness among officers also provided in-depth information about the role of the MCMDV members on the core principles of the Istanbul teachers, psychologists, schoolmasters, police and CSW in Convention and to increase their knowledge of women’s protecting children who experience any type of violence. rights. The information session included a presentation on best practices for multi-agency co-ordination mechanisms From 16 to 26 August, the Mission facilitated a set of eight on combating domestic violence. workshops in all KP regions, aiming to raise the awareness amongst KP officers and representatives of the VAAO and On 10 June, the Mission organized a workshop on the is- the CSW on measures to address and prevent domestic sue of the proper qualification of criminal offences related to violence. These workshops allowed participants to discuss domestic violence for representatives of the judiciary of the preventive measures and legal aspects of domestic vio- Ferizaj/Uroševac region. The event gathered 14 participants lence, with a focus on understanding the impact of victim- (12 women; 3 men), including police officers, prosecutors, ization, identification of early signs and indicators affecting representatives from the VAAO and judges from the Basic vulnerable groups. The events, gathering 124 participants Court in Ferizaj/Uroševac. Participants discussed concerns (41 women; 83 men), also served as a platform for enhanc- regarding the proper qualification of criminal offences related ing the co-operation between the VAAO, the CSW, and the to domestic violence, particularly in cases where the victim KP. and suspect are related. From 18 to 28 October, the Mission facilitated eight region- On 16 June, the Mission supported the roundtable of the al roundtables on co-operation in preventing domestic vio- Women Security Network (WSN) on concerns of women lence in each police region. The workshops, gathering 121 and girls against domestic and social violence, which as- participants (49 women; 72 men) from the respective police sessed the role of community protection mechanisms in the regions, including KP officers, judges, prosecutors, repre- prevention of gender-based and domestic violence, and the sentatives from MDEs, religious communities, the CSW and necessary remedial measures. The event gathered 22 par- the VAAO, aimed to enhance inter-institutional co-operation ticipants (16 women; 6 men), including the municipal direc- in addressing domestic violence-related matters. The main tor of administration, the manager of the VAAO, KP officers and most common concern raised during the discussion and officials of the CSW of Gračanica/Gracanice and Obiliq/ was the need for adequate support to victims during all legal Obilić municipalities. The WSN is an informal body work- proceedings to ensure they are not re-victimized. The Mis- ing in the municipalities of Gračanica/Gracanice and Obiliq/ sion raised awareness on the legal framework and protec- Obilić, aiming to promote and to secure the rights of women tive measures available to victims of domestic violence, fo- cusing on the implementation of relevant domestic violence provisions foreseen in the Criminal Code.

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On 1 and 2 November, the Mission delivered a training combating hate crimes in the region, as well as the Mis- course titled Communication and counter-communication: sions’ key priorities for 2021. victim’s support through sensitive interviews, to members of MCMDVs in Malisheve/Mališevo, Mamuşa/Mamushe/ On 23 November, five members of the Mission (4 women; Mamuša and Rahovec/Orahovac. The course gathered 17 1 man) and six representatives (3 women; 3 men) from the participants (14 women; 3 men), among whom municipal Legal Aid Agency, the Ombudsperson Institution (OI) and officers for gender equality, police officers, prosecutors, rep- the Centre for Social Groups Development attended the resentatives of the CSW, and victims’ advocates. During the Annual Regional Hate Crime Conference on Improving sup- training course, participants learned about micro-expres- port to the victims of hate crimes. The event, organized in a sions, cognitive theory, body language, gender stereotypes blended format by the OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herze- and how to adopt a victim-centred approach in domestic govina, focused on the support system available to victims violence cases. of hate crimes. The conference highlighted the importance of the existing victim support systems and identifying ways On 1 December, in the framework of the international cam- to incorporate specificities regarding hate crime victims. paign 16 Days of Activism against Gender-based Violence, Each field operation organized independent discussions the Mission organized a roundtable in Prizren on strengthen- with respective stakeholders and looked at their domestic ing the response of criminal justice and human rights insti- victims’ support system to identify potential gaps. The Mis- tutions on protection against domestic violence. The aim of sion’s stakeholders shared with colleagues existing models the roundtable was to increase and strengthen the capacity and mechanisms of support to victims in Kosovo, includ- of the MCMDV and other relevant institutions to respond to ing legal mechanisms such as the Law on Victims’ of Crime domestic and gender-based violence. The event gathered Compensation Fund for eligible victims of specific crimes, 15 participants (8 women; 7 men), including the focal point the provision of counselling services from the Free Legal Aid for domestic violence from the Basic Prosecution Office in Agency and the VAAO, and legal representation services for Prizren, representatives of Prizren Free Legal Aid Office, the victims/injured parties in criminal proceedings. KP Domestic Violence Unit, the CSW, the VAAO, and the Centre for Mental Health, and focused on the measures to From 6 April to 26 May, the Mission organized a six-week support victims of domestic violence and the modalities for advanced online training activity focused on strengthening timely referral to support services. the hate crime monitoring and reporting capacities of ten participants (8 women; 2 men) from the OI. The course From 13 to 16 December, the Mission conducted an ad- covered tutorial sessions on key concepts and monitoring vanced training course on domestic violence risk assess- framework for hate crime, hate speech and discrimination. ment, to strengthen the skills and support the efforts of the KP officers dealing with domestic violence cases. The ac- From 17 to 20 May, in the frame of its support to the MoIA tivity equipped 20 officers (8 women; 12 men) from eight in facilitating an independent victimization survey on hate KP regions with the knowledge and best practices on how crimes, the Mission facilitated a set of needs assessment to effectively operate and assess risks related to domestic meetings with relevant stakeholders. The meetings gath- violence cases and how to develop safety plans for victims. ered nine representatives (men) from the MoIA, the KP, the The course included case studies and discussions regard- Chief Prosecution Office, the OI, the Mission, and human ing the domestic violence concept and the forms it may rights NGOs, to assess their perspective on the hate crime take. The KP officers also engaged in a simulated scenario situation in Kosovo. They also assisted in the preparation on a domestic violence case and had the opportunity to ex- of the methodology, survey frame and questionnaire for the ercise the Domestic Abuse, Stalking and Harassment and survey. The independent complex victimization survey on Honour Based Violence (DASH) checklist, learned during hate crimes will target a wide audience in mixed communi- the course. ties across Kosovo, with a view to provide a comprehensive report of the situation.

Hate Crime From 13 September to 8 October, the Mission facilitated a set of eight workshops in all KP regions, with the aim to On 3 March, the Mission attended the regional preparatory introduce the Manual for KP on Handling Hate Crimes. In hate crime meeting with OSCE South-Eastern Europe Focal late 2020, in the frame of implementing the Inter-Agency Points, hosted by the OSCE Mission to Serbia. The meeting Agreement on Addressing Hate Crimes in Kosovo, the Mis- served as a platform for sharing the latest developments on sion supported the KP WG in the development of the Man-

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ual, which entered into force in May 2021. The workshops, vision of administrative and functional support to the Kosovo gathering a total of 129 participants (6 women; 123 men) Security Council. from the KP, allowed participants to discuss the KP duties and responsibilities as foreseen in the Manual, specifically On 18 November, the Mission organized a roundtable on focusing on responding to and investigating hate crimes. criminal offences against sexual integrity in Mitrovicë/Mitro- The workshops also helped in enhancing the communica- vica, which served as a forum to discuss issues related to tion and co-operation between the KP General Directorate handling of cases involving sexual offences. The roundta- and regional directorates, and served as a platform to clarify ble gathered 30 participants (17 women; 13 men) from the questions related to the concept of treatment of hate crimes. Mitrovicë/Mitrovica legal community, including judges, pros- On 13 December, the Mission handed to the KP over 300 ecutors, police officers, lawyers and victims’ advocates. copies of the Manual and pull-up screens to use during hate crime-related events. On 13 December, in co-operation with the Basic Court of Gjakovë/Đakovica, the Mission held a roundtable on in- On 1 December, the Mission facilitated the presentation of creasing the co-operation and co-ordination between the the final report on hate crime victimization in Kosovo. This court, the prosecution, the regional branch of the Kosovo Mission’s activity in support to the MoIA also marks the im- Bar Association and the police, particularly during the COV- plementation of one of the key responsibilities of the MoIA ID-19 pandemic. The roundtable gathered 23 participants under the provisions of the Co-operation Agreement on Ad- (5 women; 18 men) from the Gjakovë/Đakovica region, in- dressing Hate Crimes in Kosovo. The survey was conduct- cluding judges, prosecutors, lawyers and the KP, for an ac- ed in three phases and involved an international hate crime tive discussion on the achievements and challenges in their expert (man). The results provide an analysis of residents’ work. Participants discussed ways to increase co-operation perception towards the hate crime victimization and quality between the Basic Prosecution Office and the Bar Associ- of response provided by law enforcement agencies to hate ation, with particular emphasis on cases involving pre-trial crime victims. Finally, the report helps to develop an under- detention, the assignment of cases to prosecutors, as well standing of prevalent trends of bias motivated crimes/inci- as management issues to avoid delays in the cases. dents and allows the law enforcement institutions to identify gaps in the response to hate crimes. Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activity Other activities, including co-ordination and co-operation Organized Crime On 14 October, the Mission supported the Kosovo Bar As- sociation Mitrovicë/Mitrovica Branch to organize a round- On 24 May, the Mission organized a workshop on enhanc- table on the topic of integration of the justice system. The ing the inter-sectoral co-operation between the prosecution roundtable, gathering 13 participants (2 women; 11 men) and the KP on tackling organized crime. The event, gath- from Mitrovicë/Mitrovica region, served as an important fo- ering 13 representatives (2 women; 11 men) from the KP rum for judges, prosecutors, police and lawyers to discuss Directorate of Organized Crime and prosecutors from the the achievements, challenges and ongoing concerns re- Special Prosecution Office, aimed at identifying weakness- garding integration. es and gaps in both policies and legislation, and propose solutions to overcome challenges through the exchange From 8 to 10 November, the Mission facilitated a workshop of best practices. The workshop enhanced the co-opera- to draft the 2022 annual work plan of the Office of the Prime tion between police officers and prosecutors, served as a Minister Kosovo Security Council Secretariat (KSCS). With platform to discuss challenges encountered by the police the crucial role of KSCS in drafting, co-ordinating and mon- and prosecutors in dealing with organized crime cases, and itoring the implementation of government security and safe- drew recommendations on what works well and what could ty strategies, the workshop helped nine participants (men) be improved in the future. of the KSCS to incorporate all activities related to securi- ty policies and strategies, including those concerning ca- On 26 May, the Mission organized a meeting on preventing pacity-building, in their annual work plan. For 2022, KSCS and tackling corruption for practitioners from the KP, the An- officials augmented their annual work plan with policy and ti-Corruption Agency, the Special Prosecution, the Financial research instruments, as well as with information on the pro- Intelligence Unit (FIU), the Kosovo Tax Administration (KTA), the PIK, the CS and the media. The meeting, gathering 16

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participants (2 women; 14 men), enabled sharing of best cials (3 women; 14 men) from the KP, the KTA, the Basic practices in addressing corruption, and offered participants Prosecution Office and the Ministry of Industry, Entrepre- a deeper insight into specific areas of anti-corruption and neurship and Trade. The workshop covered topics such compliance practices such as organizational integrity, cor- as trademarks and patterns, industrial design, geographi- ruption risk assessment, as well as anti-corruption compli- cal indications, protection of copyright and related rights, ance legal regimes and practices. Participants highlighted and economic development in domestic and international that a clear division of duties and responsibilities of all in- legislation. It helped increase participants’ knowledge in in- stitutions involved in the fight against corruption, as well as vestigating criminal offenses that infringe such legislation, co-operation and information exchange, are vital for a suc- and acquainted them with major trademark challenges to cessful anti-corruption strategy. Kosovo institutions in their efforts to rebuild and develop the economy. From 1 to 3 June, the Mission delivered an advanced train- ing course on preventing and tackling tax evasion and re- From 6 to 10 December, the Mission facilitated a training ducing informal economy. The course gathered 18 officials activity on environmental crime related to organized crime, (2 women; 16 men) from the KP, the Customs, the KTA, the aiming to increase participants’ knowledge on how to iden- Ministry of Industry, the Food and Veterinary Agency and tify, prevent and combat such crimes. The activity was di- the Basic Prosecution Office. The course dealt with themes vided into two parts. The first part involved a specialized such as financial investigations, confiscation of proceeds of training course covering law enforcement subject matters crime, identification of risks and impact of informal econo- for 26 representatives (2 women; 24 men), among whom my on organized crime, corruption, trafficking, and terrorist were police officers, prosecutors and environmental inspec- financing. The course also focused on the black economy, tors from the Ministry of Environment, Spatial Planning and as a major challenge to Kosovo institutions in their efforts Infrastructure. The second part of the activity included 23 to rebuild and develop the economy, and on the best inter- participants (2 women; 21 men), among whom were judg- national standards for combating tax evasion and informal es, representatives from the Ministry of Justice, the Envi- economy, including the EU legislation. ronment Protection Agency, the municipal forestry authority Park “Sharri”, CSOs engaged in environmental matters, and From 14 to 16 June, the Mission conducted an in-person forest guards. The second part aimed at enabling attendees training workshop on investigation of criminal offenses to discuss and exchange experience on the current state of of corruption for 16 participants (2 women; 14 men) from the environment in Kosovo, and the possibilities to adopt a the KP and the judiciary. The workshop’s programme also multi-institutional approach against the depletion of the en- contained a number of practical exercises, which allowed vironment. participants to share experiences and insights into the le- gal provisions and the main challenges and obstacles, and On 14 December, in its continuing efforts to strengthen the identify the way forward towards successful prevention and capacities of the FIU, the Mission equipped this institution tackling of all corruption crimes. with 10 notebook computers and 10 tablets, expected to enable its officers to effectively analyse and transmit re- From 1 to 3 September, the Mission conducted a special- ports, including suspicious transaction reports pertaining to ized training course on management and investigation of money laundering and terrorist financing. This activity builds complex cases of organized crime. The course, gathering on Mission’s support in facilitating the attendance of four 19 participants (4 women; 15 men), among which officers officials (men) from the FIU in an online training course on of the KP and prosecutors from the Special Prosecution De- money laundering delivered by the Association of Certified partment, explored investigation management, co-ordina- Anti-Money Laundering Specialists in late 2021. tion and communication, information and intelligence, and investigation planning. Participants also learned about sur- Small Arms and Light Weapons veillance, financial investigation and witness protection pro- grammes, thus increasing their knowledge in identification From 29 November to 3 December, in the framework of its and management of complex cases involving transnational ExB project Support to the strengthening of the Canine (K- organized crime and enhancing inter-institutional co-oper- 9) capacity of the police services to detect and confiscate ation. SALW, ammunition and explosives, the Mission delivered a specialized training event on the anatomy of dogs to ten From 13 to 14 October, the Mission delivered a training K9 officers and trainers (men) of the KP. The course aimed workshop on copyright infringement, intellectual property, at enhancing the K9 officers’ knowledge of the anatomy of and protection of trademarks. The event gathered 17 offi- dogs and the dog breeds used by police to tackle SALW, as

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well as to strengthen their skills in optimizing canine use to Mission printed and disseminated 5,000 leaflets in Albanian prevent or minimize possible injuries and illnesses. Through and 1,000 in Serbian languages on the topic to the KP. practical exercises, the K9 officers and instructors acquired skills, which will support them in providing first aid to KP On 6 and 7 July, the Mission delivered an advanced training dogs, promptly detecting possible illnesses and diseases, course on countering financing of terrorism to 14 represent- and preventing injuries. atives (men) of the KP Directorates of Anti-Terrorism and Economic Crimes and Corruption, the FIU, the Special Pros- ecutor’s Office and the Basic Court in Prishtinë/Priština. The Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT course familiarized participants with sources of information, the role of the FIU and challenges of countering terrorism fi- From May to November, the Mission supported the KP in nancing, interagency co-operation, case management, pre- organizing seven workshops for all eight police regions to vention of the abuse of non-profit organizations for financing raise the awareness of LPSC chairpersons, MCSCs and terrorism, FTFs, and new payment methods. Additionally, community members on P/C VERLT through community the course also focused on how to conduct investigations policing activities. The workshops gathered 114 participants in the field of combating money laundering and terrorist fi- (23 women; 91 men) and focused on the Strategy against nancing, in accordance with the objectives of the Kosovo Terrorism and Action Plan 2018-2023 and indicators that Strategy and Action Plan on Prevention and Combating of lead to terrorism, alongside the role of community safety fo- Informal Economy, Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing rums in preventing VERLT. The workshops also contributed and Financial Crimes 2019-2023. to the implementation of the Strategy on Prevention of VER- LT, which seeks to engage communities at local level and promote discussions and multi-dimensional understanding Illicit Drugs and Chemical of the threats of VERLT. A set of recommendations for in- Precursors clusion of community safety mechanisms in P/C VERLT was developed during the workshops, aimed at contributing to a From 14 to 15 July, the Mission delivered a training work- successful implementation of the Action Plan. shop to the KP Department for Investigation of Trafficking in Narcotics (DITN) on investigating illicit drug trafficking cases, On 27 May, the Mission organized a multidisciplinary work- particularly focusing on controlled delivery, online illicit drug shop on signs of radicalization and violent extremism from a orders and identification of postal deliveries, as well as iden- faith perspective. The workshop, gathering 20 participants tification of illegal labs. During a practical investigation exer- (11 women; 9 men) from the KP relevant departments, the cise involving 12 vehicles, two motorcycles and electronic Kosovo Islamic Community and its Women Department, tracking devices, and gathering 24 officers (1 woman; 23 and the AWKP, focused on the misinterpretation and misuse men) of the KP, participants were engaged in a surveillance of religion. The purpose of the workshop was to strengthen exercise. the knowledge and capacities of the representatives from KP and religious communities in P/C VERLT, as well as in From 28 to 29 July, upon the request for an additional work- building networks for future co-operation. shop from the KP, the Mission organized another two-day training workshop on investigating illicit drug trafficking From 31 May to 21 June, the Mission facilitated three sem- cases. The workshop, gathering 24 police investigators (1 inars on the role of police, municipal representatives, com- woman; 23 men) of the KP DITN, focused on the value of munity safety forums and religious community in P/C VERLT. forensic approaches to illicit drug interdiction, transnation- The workshops, gathering 95 representatives (16 women; al trafficking in narcotics, managing intelligence, as well as 79 men) from the media, educational institutions and others, operative techniques and tactics. Participants were also en- allowed participants to discuss issues related to participa- gaged in a simulated operation on the exchange of the illicit tion of Kosovo residents in foreign wars. Discussions includ- drugs package. ed the engagement of institutions, prevention measures, and the process of integration and resocialisation of the From 12 to 15 October, the Mission facilitated a set of four returning fighters and their families. Representatives of the theoretical and practical workshops on measures to be un- Islamic, Orthodox and Catholic communities focused their dertaken in cases of production, trade and abuse of illicit discussions on calls for promotion of peace and tolerance, drugs. The in-person workshops, gathering 43 investigators as well as respect for diversity in political opinion, faith, life- (3 women; 40 men) from the KP DITN of all police regions, style and social behaviour. As a follow-up, in September, the highlighted the importance of prevention measures to be undertaken by law enforcement officers regarding their per-

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sonal safety and security while executing operational duties on the field. The workshops also improved the officers’ in- vestigation capacities, particularly in the search of high-risk facilities/locations such as illegal illicit drug laboratories, through a competent, confident, and ethical approach. During the practical exercises involving real case scenari- os, participants were familiarized with the use of a tactical approach while engaging in high-risk situations involving search of persons, premises and vehicles.

From 20 to 28 October, the Mission facilitated four work- shops on cases of production, trade and abuse of illicit drug, and how to tackle these phenomena. The workshops gath- ered 105 officers (23 women; 82 men) of the KP, who dis- cussed the overall situation and specificities of the regions regarding illicit drugs, including police actions and plans to address illicit drug-related problems in partnership with other stakeholders. Participants discussed the ways and means Participants during a practical exercise on controlled illicit of transporting illicit drugs, as well as the caution police of- drug delivery training for the KP DITN, organized by the Mission on Prishtinë/Priština – Prizren route, July 2021. ficers should demonstrate during police engagements, with  Kosovo Police an emphasis on the need to improve the KP communication internally and externally. Different types of illegal drugs were presented, as well as the risks of becoming an illicit drug abuser, the potential impact of specific risks and protective training course programme encompassed a number of case factors, the age variable, and the prevention programmes in studies, prompting relevant discussions and sharing of best place to address all forms of illicit drug abuse. practices and methodologies in tackling this phenomenon.

On 20 September, the Mission facilitated a presentation of Trafficking in Human Beings the brochure List of indicators for identification of smugglers and traffickers among mixed migration flows, which it had From 29 March to 2 April, the Mission assisted the CoE previously drafted and printed for the KP. During the event, Office in Pristina in facilitating a five-day workshop and, as gathering eigth officials (1 woman; 7 men) from various KP part of the overall endeavour to develop an integrated data- departments and divisions, the Mission delivered a presenta- base for victims of trafficking, provided expertise in drafting tion on the most recent trends in mixed migration flows, and the workshop documents. The workshop WG, consisting on international organized crime networks and their modi of representatives from Kosovo anti-trafficking institutions, operandi. It also presented the content of the brochure, ex- drafted the data collection template for victims of trafficking pected to serve relevant institutions in the identification of and the Administrative Instruction for Operating with the Da- smugglers and traffickers among mixed migration flows. tabase for Victims of Trafficking. The WG worked on defin- ing the template, containing data for presumed and formally identified victims of trafficking, as well as drafting the ad- ministrative instructions, required for functionalizing the da- tabase. The Mission and CoE will support the beneficiaries in finalizing the database, as well as training and equipping the personnel with ICT tools.

From 7 to 9 June, the Mission conducted a specialized train- ing course on investigation of online human trafficking cases, and identification of cases of child trafficking for the purpose of sexual abuse and production of Child Sexual Abuse Ma- terial (CSAM), for 17 participants (5 women; 12 men) from the KP, the Special Prosecution Office and the judiciary. The

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On 18 October, on the occasion of the EU Anti-Trafficking Cybercrime and Day, the Mission helped the MoIA to develop and launch Cyber/ICT Security the anti-trafficking awareness raising campaign23. The cam- paign, consisting of video spots on the misuse of internet for From 22 to 27 February, the Mission facilitated the attend- sexual and labour exploitation, was promoted by the Mis- ance of two KP members (men) in an online training course sion via social media. on cyber/ICT threat intelligence, delivered by the SANS In- stitute.24 The course helped participants understand and On 15 November, the Mission and the KP Directorate for develop skills in tactical, operational and strategic level cy- Investigation of THB delivered copies of the Guidelines for ber/ICT threat intelligence and tradecraft, required to render Journalists Reporting on Trafficking in Human Beings, devel- security teams better, threat hunting more accurate, incident oped with the Mission’s support as part of the KP engage- response more effective, and organizations more aware of ments in awareness-raising to the Association of Journalists the evolving threat landscape. Participants were taught how of Kosovo. to gather raw information about new and old threat actors from various sources, analyse information to form the ap- On 23 and 25 November, the Mission facilitated two training propriate threat intelligence reports for automated security workshops aimed at increasing the capacities and opera- control solutions, and make appropriate security decisions. tional skills of women in the KP (members of the AWKP), in order to strengthen their role in preventing and fighting THB. From 22 to 27 March, the Mission facilitated the attendance A total of 50 participants (45 women; 5 men) gained prac- of two investigators (1 woman; 1 man) from the KP Cyber- tical skills on victim identification as an essential element in crime Sector and Forensics Directorate to an online training addressing THB. Women police officers were familiarized course on smartphone forensic analysis, delivered by the with the definition of THB, the identification of potential and SANS Institute. This course provided investigators with ad- presumed victims of THB based on agreed indicators, and vanced skills to detect, decode, decrypt and correctly inter- the recognition of THB cases. Furthermore, they learned pret evidence recovered from mobile devices. Investigators how to manage THB information and where to refer pre- were introduced to the latest malware, smartphone operat- sumed victims of THB. ing systems, third-party applications, acquisition shortfalls, extraction and encryption techniques. On 15 December, the Mission facilitated the annual eval- uation roundtable aimed at improving the co-operation From 20 to 22 April, in the framework of its ExB project Ca- between the KP investigators of the Directorate for Inves- pacity Building for Law Enforcement Institutions on Combat- tigation of THB and officials of Public Prosecutor’s Office. ing Cybercrime and Cyber-enabled Crime, the Mission de- The roundtable gathered 17 participants (5 women; 12 livered a training course to six investigators of cyber-related men), among whom were representatives of the KP, the crimes (1 woman; 5 men) of the KP. The aim of the course Chief Prosecutor’s Office, and the Basic Prosecution Office was to help participants develop, organize, and deliver ef- in Prishtinë/Priština and Pejë/Peć. Participants discussed fective training on essential steps to properly handle crime results achieved in 2021, identified challenges and short- scenes, specifically on preserving and collecting digital data comings, and proposed ideas for concrete action regarding and evidence to be used during criminal proceedings. Par- the way forward in investigating THB cases. The roundtable ticipants took part in practical exercises using methods and produced findings and recommendations, implementation techniques applicable in European law enforcement agen- of which will be monitored and evaluated during the 2022 cies. Participants were also equipped with relevant mate- roundtable. rials, including several specialized IT applications for open source research, expected to support police investigators in the future and allow them to transfer the learned skills to colleagues.

24 The SANS Institute is a co-operative research and education organization on infor- mation security training. With more than 165,000 security professionals around the world it provides the largest source for security certificated and offers, at no cost, 23 The videos used for the campaign are available at: https://bit.ly/3DUf5dF, https:// the largest collection of research documents about various aspects of information bit.ly/3jaGCQe, and https://bit.ly/3ALKxJi. security. More information at: https://www.sans.org/about/?msc=main-nav

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From 9 to 10 June, in the framework of its ExB project Ca- On 20 and 22 December, the Mission organized a workshop pacity Building for Law Enforcement Institutions on Com- to finalize the new Strategy and Action Plan on Cyber Secu- bating Cybercrime and Cyber-enabled Crime, the Mission rity. The event, held in a blended format, gathered 30 par- supported four instructors (men) of the KP in carrying out ticipants (6 women; 24 men) from the WG representing the two training courses on handling and securing digital data office of the Prime Minister, relevant government ministries, and evidence on crime scenes. The courses, gathering 35 the KP, the KAF, the Regulatory Authority for Electronic and first responders and investigators (5 women; 30 men) from Postal Communications, the Agency for Information Society, eight police regions, familiarized participants with the pro- the Kosovo Prosecutorial Council, the Mission, ICITAP and cess of collecting, securing, documenting the crime scene, UNDP. The workshop facilitated discussions on the current and packaging and transporting digital evidence in a secure situation, different new threats and trends, and the way for- manner. It also provided them with the necessary knowl- ward in respect to ensuring cyber/ICT security in Kosovo. edge on how to effectively use digital evidence found during A similar workshop will be organized in 2022 to finalize the the investigation process. Strategy.

2021 highlight – Supporting the intelligence-led and community policing capacities of the police

With a view to continue boosting the employment of ify the authorizations, duties and responsibilities of the ILP concept combined with community policing the KP personnel based on the positions they hold in the overall police work, the Mission supported the and their job descriptions. In addition, the SOP har- KP in finalizing the Guidebook on the Intelligence Cy- monizes and unifies police procedures for entering cle as part of the KP Integrated Intelligence-led Polic- into the systems, recording reports and operation- ing and Community Policing Strategy and Action Plan al police information in their areas of responsibility. 2021-2025. The Guidebook will serve the police staff Building on this, the Mission further supported the for education purposes and increase their capacity in KP in finalizing a platform to feed the KP systems improving performance in community policing, intelli- electronically through entry of data and information gence gathering, processing and using ILP products about activities, operational engagements, police throughout the police service. The Mission facilitated reports about investigations, and other police work. eight workshops to introduce the Guidebook to 194 Furthermore, the electronic entry of data is expect- officers (26 women; 168 men) of the KP from all po- ed to contribute to record individual engagements of lice departments, general and regional directorates, all KP employees, develop analytical reports, and in and police stations. The workshops familiarized the the performance appraisal process for the entire KP officers with their roles and responsibilities stemming personnel. from the Integrated ILP and Community Policing Strategy, with clear instructions on how to apply it. Considering the above and the KP work on building It also supported the printing of the Guidebook and internal capacities, increasing human resources in distributing 3,000 copies in Albanian, 500 in Serbian specialized units and monitoring at central level, this and 50 in English languages to all police regions.To endeavour has largely led to increased intelligence further implement the Integrated Intelligence-led and processed by KP in both quantity and quality terms, Community Policing Strategy, the Mission supported with 11,028 reports processed in 2021, compared to the KP in finalizing the Standard Operating Proce- 2,472 in the same reporting period in 2020. dure on Registration, Access and Administration of KP databases. The SOP serves to direct and clar-

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Mission in Kosovo – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 139 Total

201 Analysis of Lessons 20 Learned, Assessments Training 42 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 78%  ACTIVITIES ON  22% by Criminal Activity

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SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

4.4 Mission to Montenegro

Introduction

In 2021, the OSCE Mission to Montenegro (the Mission) continued assisting the host country in fostering a more accountable security sector capable of addressing serious threats and crimes, while ensuring public safety and the protection of the human rights in line with OSCE politico- military commitments. The Mission’s Security Co-operation and Governance (SCoG) Programme, consisting of two international and three national staff members, continued supporting the authorities of Montenegro in the reform process adjusting its working methods to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

2,152,100 EUR 2,152,100 EUR

30.37% SECURITY 27.34% SECURITY CO-OPERATION CO-OPERATION AND GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME PROGRAMME 402,600 EUR 402,600 EUR POLICE-RELATED POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 251,100 EUR 185,800 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

32 32 SECURITY SECURITY CO-OPERATION CO-OPERATION AND GOVERNANCE AND GOVERNANCE 12.50% PROGRAMME 15.63% PROGRAMME

4 Total 5 Total

3 Local 3 Local

1 International 2 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Mission to Montenegro.

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Over the last two decades, the police organization in Montenegro has undergone several institutional changes, from being part of the MoI to being an independent institution. In June 2021, the Parliament adopted a new Law on Internal Affairs, reintegrating the Police Directorate (PD) yet again into the MoI, two years after it was established as an autonomous entity by the previous government. The law prescribes a stronger MoI oversight over police work, while it ensures police operational independence and introducing important improvements relating to the recruitment, career path and evaluation of police officers.

Activities Related to General ment to continue developing into a professional organization, Police Development and Reform capable of addressing modern security risks and challenges and respond to specific security needs. It builds on achieve- ments, results and shortcomings identified in the Police De- Police Development and Reform velopment Strategy 2016-2020, developed with the Mission’s support in 2015. Consequently, the Mission will shape activities In October, the Mission conducted the third annual public per- in accordance with the strategically identified priorities for the ception survey on police work to better identify areas for fu- police to support the effective implementation of the new Strat- ture actions and overcome identified challenges. The survey egy and Action Plan. found that the PD is the third most-trusted institution in Mon- tenegro, enjoying the trust of 53.9% of respondents. This is an In December, the Mission supported the PD in drafting com- increase from 48% in 2020. Compared to 2020, significantly munication guidance and SOPs to increase police transparen- higher satisfaction scores were reported particularly in the ar- cy and enhance police in-service and communication with the eas of combating organized crime, corruption and illicit drug public, the media and during in crisis-situations. The guidance smuggling. However, there was a decline compared to 2020 in and SPOs will be used as a baseline to further elaborate and satisfaction with police performance in areas such as response develop a four-year plan for police communications as fore- to domestic violence and traffic safety. The survey found over seen in the new Police Development Strategy. 82% of respondents feel safe in their community and 68.6% of respondents describe the security situation in Montenegro In 2021, following the rapid development of internet and com- as favourable (compared to 63.4% in 2020). It should be not- munication technologies combined with restrictions imposed ed that while the level of those who have a favourable view of by the COVID-19 pandemic, the Mission supported the devel- safety in Montenegro has increased from 2020, it is lower than opment of an e-learning platform for police officers as well as in 2019, as police independence from external influences and a mobile application for citizens to access police services. The ethics remains an area of concern for citizens. The survey also Mission, jointly with Geneva Centre for Security Governance showed that 84.3% of respondents believe that women and (DCAF), worked to support this initiative following the govern- men are equally capable of carrying out police duty, similarly ment’s strategic goals for digitalization. In October, the Mission to 2020. supported a working visit for a delegation from Montenegro to the Serbian MoI’s Centre for e-learning and in November On 8 and 9 November, the Mission facilitated a two-day work- to CEPOL to explore e-learning management systems. In No- shop with a focus on human intelligence sources and use of vember, the MoI issued a Decision to establish an e-learning informants. This activity was a continuation of the Mission’s team and conducted in-service needs assessment with re- efforts to promote and advance ILP. The Mission provided ad- spect to introducing e-learning, including mandatory training vance training for 25 police officers (men) in the use of Geotime, on gender. As a result, building on the needs identified, joint- a software that allows the PD Criminal Intelligence Unit to have ly with DCAF, the Mission will support platform development a visual analysis of events over time and track the activities of and implementation of identified training needs for the platform organized crime groups. management in 2022.

In November, the drafts of the Police Development Strategy 2022-2025 and accompanying 2022-2023 Action Plan were Gender Mainstreaming finalized by the MoI WG, consisting of 14 representatives (4 women; 10 men) from the Mission, the MoI, the PD, the Centre Currently, women compose 15% of Montenegro’s police force, for Integrity in the Defence Sector (CIDS) and ICITAP. The Strat- 13.9% of whom are in uniform, however, there are no women egy, expected to be adopted in 2022, articulates PD’s commit- in senior management positions. In May, the Mission supported

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the PD and the Police Academy’s public information campaign to attract women to apply for a career in the police. The timing of the campaign was streamlined with the announcement of the Police Academy’s call for enrolment of the new generation of police cadets. Following the call for enrolment, the Police Academy reported an increase of approximately 10% more women candidates enrolled at the Academy in 2021, 27 out of 67 (38.8%). The campaign included six 30 second videos, produced by the Mission, which promoted women as police officers and demonstrated how a career in policing represent- ed an attractive employment opportunity for women. The ma- terials drew on the professional and personal experiences of police officers, highlighting the importance of recruiting more women in policing. The Mission also developed a brochure Criminal police inspectors doing the fingerprint analysis in and a poster with practical information about policing, as well their daily investigative work, part of a video series within the “For More Women in Policing” campaign. as education and employment opportunities for police officers.  M Film Montenegro Agency The campaign was aired on six national television stations and eight billboards were posted in eight towns with police securi- ty centres throughout Montenegro as well as on social media platforms. On social media, the campaign received high expo- In September, the Mission also supported the upgrading of sure, with data highlighting that the majority of targeted users the capacities of the Forensic Centre’s Ballistics and Chemi- were women.25 cal Laboratories with technical equipment and software. This was achieved by (i) upgrading a forensic comparison micro- The campaign triggered an exchange of regional experiences scope used for examination of fired bullets and tool marks, (ii) and networking events among the Women Police Associations providing an engraving tool, necessary to provide an indelible from Montenegro and Serbia. On 14 October, the Mission and way of tracing bullet shells and projectiles, and (iii) supplying the Swedish Police Regional Project Office in Belgrade sup- a vacuum evaporator with carbon used to prepare gunshot ported the first meeting of the Women Police Association from residue samples, which will increase its capacities to accu- Montenegro and the Network of Women in Police from Serbia. rately identify and analyse gunshot residue found on crime The meeting enhanced networking and mutual co-operation scenes. The modern equipment will support the Forensic of women in police regionally and exchanged best practices in Centre’s bid to internationally accredit their Ballistics Labo- empowering women within the police services. ratory and allow the Centre to have state-of-the-art tools to investigate crimes with a firearms components.

Specialized Investigation Units / Forensics Activities related to threats posed by criminal activity On 6 September, the Mission donated specialized equip- ment and software, including mobile equipment to detect weapons and explosives for use at crime scenes, a high-ca- Organized Crime pacity digital evidence analysis workstation and a device to test mobile phones, tablets and other small electronic de- Small Arms and Light Weapons vices to support the PD and the Forensic Centre`s capac- ities in combating organized and transnational crime. The In close co-operation with the SALW Commission of Monte- equipment also included software licenses to recover digital negro, the Mission further supported their efforts in the im- evidence from multiple sources. Additionally, audio-video re- plementation of the national Strategy for Combating Illegal cording equipment was installed in an interview room of the Possession, Misuse and Trafficking of SALW and Ammuni- Special Police Department, to ensure an accurate record of tion from 2019 to 2025 and the Roadmap for a Sustainable witness and suspect statements. Solution to the Illegal Possession, Misuse and Trafficking

25 Facebook, Instagram and Twitter reached 198,303 users, with 370,261 views. On Facebook, the average daily organic reach was 560 users, while the paid reach was 4,033 users, of which 53.7% were men, while 46.3% were women. On Insta- gram, 77.1% women viewed posts compared with 22.9% men.

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of SALW and their Ammunition in the Western Balkans by On 10 November, in close co-operation with the MoI’s State 2024. The Mission contributed to the enhancement of pol- Secretary and National CVE Coordinator, the Mission organ- icies and capacities of Montenegrin authorities to manage ized a training course on non-custodial rehabilitation and stockpiles of ammunition by supporting the drafting of the reintegration of FTFs for representatives of the Institute for Rulebook on safe storage of ammunition. In October, the Execution of Criminal Sanctions, municipal governments, so- Mission hired an international expert (man) to support the cial service centres and NGOs. The workshop, gathering 27 drafting process and the WG composed of ten representa- participants (15 women; 12 men), focused on instruments to tives (3 women; 7 men) from the MoD and the MoI. The draft screen and assess risks and needs of violent extremist pris- Rulebook incorporates the latest international standards and oners, as well as the role of the Assistance and Protection best practices on ammunition management. Once adopted Team in processing post-penal support and reintegration into in 2022, it will serve as national policy to regulate the man- the community. agement practices of the army and the police.

In November, the Mission supported the national partners in Trafficking in Human Beings developing a public awareness campaign to encourage citi- zens, predominantly men, to surrender their weapons to the The Mission continued to promote the legal framework and local authorities, or legalize them by the deadline prescribed recommendations for formal identification of victims of THB. by the Law on Weapons. The Mission hired an international In 2021, Montenegro made progress in enhancing institution- expert (woman) who supported the WG consisting of eight al capacities to tackle THB, especially in terms of prosecu- representatives (3 women; 5 men) from the SALW Commis- tion of THB cases and formal identification of victims, which sion, the MoI, the PD, and the Ministry of Economic Devel- resulted in more convictions and an increased number of opment, in drafting the campaign’s communication strategy identified victims. As prioritized in the Strategy for Combat- and plan to be launched in 2022. This project will contrib- ing Trafficking in Human Beings 2019-2024 and the 2021 ute to awareness-raising activities in Montenegro, as set out Action Plan, the Mission developed training programmes for in Goal 4 of the SALW Strategy 2019-2025, as well as the representatives from the police, the state prosecutor’s of- Western Balkans SALW Control Roadmap. fice, judiciary and social workers. The Mission hosts regular co-ordination meetings to enhance inter-institutional co-ordi- nation and co-operation to prevent and combat THB. Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT From 5 to 8 October, in close co-operation with the MoI’s On 7 and 8 June, jointly with the PD, the Mission organized Department for Fight against THB, the Mission organized a a workshop for 22 representatives (12 women; 10 men) of training course on THB for police officers from police sta- CSOs about youth engagement in P/C VERLT. The work- tions throughout Montenegro. The course gathered 76 par- shop, held in Budva, stressed the youth’s potential to com- ticipants (5 women; 71 men) who increased their knowledge bat radicalization and prevent violent extremism through pro- on the basic THB elements, such as indicators and phases moting peace-building, tolerance and intercultural learning of human trafficking, differences between human trafficking and is a prominent example of cross-programmatic activities and human smuggling and the protection of victims’ rights. carried out by the Mission. Participants also increased their competences in the identifi- cation of different types of THB, such as sexual exploitation, From 26 to 28 October, the Mission provided support to na- forced begging and forced criminality, and understood the tional partners in strengthening their capacities to address importance of collecting and analysing gender and age dis- VERLT by organizing a training workshop for first responders aggregated data in order to effectively prevent and detect in the northern, central and southern regions of Montene- THB. gro. The workshop, gathering 38 participants (24 women; 14 men), covered the areas of risk assessments, mechanisms On 19 and 20 October, the Mission supported the finalization for combating violent extremism, network radicalization and of a guidance for police officers interviewing potential victims abuse of social networks, de-radicalization and reintegration of THB. Some 19 practitioners (16 women; 3 men) from as well as relevant case studies to strengthen the capacity national law enforcement agencies worked with an expert of participants in recognizing, suppressing and combating (woman) to finalize the guidelines, which include a standard- violent extremism among young people. ized set of questions for police officers conducting interviews with victims of THB. The guidance will enable law enforce- ment officers to identify victims of trafficking and enhance their ability to ensure the respect of victims’ rights.

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Cybercrime and On 23 to 24 September, the Mission supported the MoI and Cyber/ICT Security the PD in organizing a two-day conference where 31 partici- pants (13 women; 18 men) examined how to counter online In 2021, the Government of Montenegro has committed radicalization leading to violent extremism and online sexual to strengthening its national cyber/ICT security capacities. exploitation of children and enhance the capacities of SEP- Montenegro used its 2021 presidency of the Southeast Eu- CA member states to address these threats. While reinforc- rope Police Chief’s Association (SEPCA) to bring together ing national responses, the possibility of a regional response representatives from Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mol- through the joint exchange of data was also discussed. The dova, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovenia and Serbia to discussion was focused on good practices and was facili- explore how to develop a regional approach in addressing tated by TNTD, Europol, the International Centre for Missing cybercrime. and Exploited Children and the NGO Parents from Montene- gro. The conference concluded with a renewed commitment to a regional co-operation in countering cybercrime and in fostering the new relationships formed during the event.

Mission to Montenegro – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 10 Total

22 Analysis of Lessons 7 Learned, Assessments Training 5 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 45%  ACTIVITIES ON  55% by Criminal Activity

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SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

4.5 Mission to Serbia

Introduction

The OSCE Mission to Serbia (the Mission) was established in 2001 with the mandate to assist the host authorities in, inter alia, the restructuring and training of law enforcement agencies and the judiciary.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

6,258,600 EUR 6,258,600 EUR

15.19% SECURITY 15.10% SECURITY CO-OPERATION CO-OPERATION DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT

950,800 EUR 944,800 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

118.5 124 SECURITY SECURITY CO-OPERATION CO-OPERATION 15.19% DEPARTMENT 15.32% DEPARTMENT

18 Total 19 Total

14 Local 15 Local

4 International 4 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Mission to Serbia.

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In 2021, the Mission applied a comprehensive and inclusive approach to co-operation in the security sector in Serbia, linking the reform process to the areas of criminal justice, law enforcement, democratic control of security, and community participation. The Mission’s Security Co-operation Department, consisting of four international and fourteen national staff, continued supporting Serbia’s authorities in the reform process despite the COVID-19 pandemic.

Adjusting its working methods to the challenges posed by the pandemic, the Mission assisted the host country in fostering a more accountable security sector, able to address serious threats and crimes, while ensuring public safety and the protection of human rights of all citizens. The Mission’s assistance focused on: improving internal control and police accountability systems; embedding community policing in crime prevention through partnerships with local self-governments and CS; fostering regional co-operation in combating transnational and organized crime; developing a holistic approach to P/C VERLT; enhancing inter-agency co-operation to increase and improve prosecution of corruption and economic crimes, including money-laundering; building police capacities in cyber forensics and investigating cybercrime; promoting the OSCE’s comprehensive approach to co-operation in the security sector; strengthening the mechanisms responsible for the protection of victims of THB and supporting the implementation of the Strategy and Action Plan to Prevent and Suppress Human Trafficking, with a particular focus on combating trafficking in women and children; and controlling SALW.

Activities Related to General Sad, Požarevac and Vranje, the workshops gathered 93 Police Development and Reform applicants (25 women; 68 men). Simultaneously, the same workshops were provided online to 149 applicants (39 wom- en; 110 men). Police Development and Reform within Security Sector Reform From 12 to 14 July, through a three-day seminar in Belgrade, the Mission supported six members (5 women; 1 man) of On 7-8 September in Belgrade, 13-14 September in the MoI’s Centre for Police Training in advancing their skills in Sokobanja, 21-22 September in Novi Sad, and 28-29 Sep- the production of high quality training and learning material tember in Zlatibor, the Mission and the MoI organized eight through the application of diverse sound, photo, and text ed- capacity-building workshops for the MoI’s Department for iting software. The skills gained at the seminar will advance Data Processing, Complaints and Co-operation with Inde- the competences of the MoI’s training professionals in the pendent Bodies. The events focused on processing com- design and development of learning material and its use in plaints against police work and personal data protection. The e-learning and blended learning formats on topics ranging interactive workshops gathered some 270 officers (90 wom- from combating corruption and data protection to crime en; 180 men) authorized to process complaints against the scene investigation and forensics. work of the police and personal data protection focal points from the respective police districts. To assist the MoI in increasing its efficiency and effective- ness to co-ordinate and manage all aspects of international co-operation and assistance, from 19 to 23 July and from 13 Human Resources / to 17 December, jointly with the MoI’s Sector for Internation- Police Management al Co-operation, European Affairs and Planning, the Mission organized four capacity-building events on managing online To increase the police service’s representativeness, from 25 meetings and events. The events, held in Srebrno Jezero, April to 5 May, following the open call for applications to en- gathered 36 staff members (24 women; 12 men) of the MoI. roll in basic police training, the Mission supported the vo- In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Sector is fac- cational police association European Police Officers of Na- ing a growing demand to be effective and pragmatic, while tional Minorities in organizing preparatory workshops to help consistently executing the Ministry’s international co-oper- applicants from national minorities prepare for the entrance ation priorities. For this reason, the Mission recognized as exam. Held in Belgrade, Bor, Jagodina, Leskovac, Niš, Novi essential to enhance the capacities of MoI key staff to adjust

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to the new working environment, while maintaining the same ing. The experts recorded video lectures and uploaded them level of efficiency and effectiveness. on the MoI’s online learning platform. Having this specialized online course available to all present and prospective staff of From 4 to 15 October, the Mission supported the MoI in or- the MoI’s Anti-Corruption Department, has strengthened the ganizing a two-week training evaluation course to strengthen sustainability of the Mission’s efforts invested in this particular police training capacities. The course gathered 10 members area. (7 women; 3 men) of the MoI’s Centre for Police Training/ Sector for Human Resources Management, and focused on From 15 to 17 June, under the second phase of the project evaluating the impact of training in various areas of the MoI’s Enhancing the capacities of Serbian police to fight corruption work, such as organized crime, anti-corruption, community and jointly with the MoI, the Mission organized a two-day policing, and police accountability. In December, the Mission online training course on the detection and prevention of the assisted the MoI to finalize the Training Evaluation Course use of cryptocurrencies for illicit activities, primarily money Manual, contributing to the sustainability of the comprehen- laundering. The event gathered 21 police investigators (7 sive Training Development Programme, jointly implemented women; 14 men) from the MoI’s Anti-Corruption Department. by the Mission and the MoI. Guided by two international experts (men), participants in- creased their knowledge of cryptocurrencies and the associ- From 16 to 19 December, in Vrnjačka Banja, the Mission ated risks related to the implementation of the newly adopted facilitated a four-day retreat for 14 members (8 women; 6 Law on Digital Assets. Participants also explored the legisla- men) of the vocational police association European Police tive framework, and learnt how to trace illicit financial flows Officers of National Minorities. With the Mission’s support, channelled through cryptocurrencies. the association took stock of efforts in engaging with national minority candidates to apply to basic police training in 2020 On 21 June, the Mission held an official closing event of and 2021. The association also developed its new Action the project Enhancing the capacities of Serbian police to Plan, addressing the best approaches and lessons learnt in fight corruption. The results of the project included (i) 130 working with youth and encouraging the representation of police officers and prosecutors were trained to investigate women belonging to national minorities in the police service. corruption, financial fraud and economic crime, (ii) 14 police The Action Plan will be shared with the MoI in 2022. investigators obtained international certifications as money laundering specialists or anti-fraud examiners, (iii) 12 partic- ipants, who earned international certificates, became MoI’s Human Rights and Police official trainers and will continue providing training to their col- Accountability leagues, thus ensuring the sustainability and local ownership of the project, (iv) prevention and suppression of corruption From 29 June to 9 December, jointly with the MoI’s Sec- related cases training curricula were transferred to an online tor for Internal Control, the Mission organized three online mode and uploaded to the MoI’s e-learning platform. training courses on anti-corruption risk assessment for 226 police officers (66 women; 160 men). The participants were On 29 October, the Mission presented its assessment of the representatives of the WG on corruption risk assessment, implementation of the Law on Organization and Jurisdiction established within each line of work of the General Police of Government Authorities in the Suppression of Organized Directorate. In addition to the MoI, the Mission collaborated Crime, Terrorism and Corruption, which entered into force in with DCAF, the Romanian Anti-Corruption General Directo- 2018. The report analyses the work of the newly established rate, and the Serbian Agency for Prevention of Corruption in specialized anti-corruption departments in the MoI and the organizing this activity, to enhance police accountability. prosecution, issuing recommendations to further improve their work. The event gathered 35 judges, prosecutors and members of the specialized anti-corruption departments (8 Anti-Corruption women; 27 men) at the MoI as well as the Head of Mission who addressed the participants. From March to June, under the second phase of the pro- ject Enhancing the capacities of Serbian police to fight cor- In December, jointly with the Republic Public Prosecutor’s ruption and jointly with the MoI, the Mission transformed Office (RPPO) and the MoI, the Mission finalized the de- the specialized training course curriculum on the prevention velopment of the Handbook on establishing and managing and suppression of corruption cases into an online training. task forces with the aim to improve the enforcement of the Seven police officers (2 women; 5 men), who are financial anti-corruption legislative framework. The Handbook, pro- forensic experts, optimized the curriculum for online learn- duced by a multi-stakeholder expert group, offers (i) a typol-

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ogy of cases in which the task forces should be established, (ii) the methodology for their establishment, including the procedures that should be followed, and (iii) guidance for de- termining the task forces’ members, management and other relevant issues. The Mission will assist the national authorities to print the Handbook in 2022.

Community Policing, Police-Public Relations and Crime Prevention

From April to December, the Mission and its implementing partner, the CSO Centre for Positive Youth Development, implemented the joint project Preventing risky behaviour among children and youth in Serbia through sports and ed- ucation – Follow-up: Recommendations for the implemen- tation of the project activities during and after the COVID-19 A training course for school police officers on best practices pandemic. The aim of the project was to provide the school in preventing illicit drug use and the correct application of staff with practical recommendations and tools for organiz- police powers in a school environment, organized jointly by the Mission and the MoI, Belgrade, 5-7 July 2021. ing preventive activities in the evolving circumstances caused  Milan Obradovic by the COVID-19 pandemic. The project included an online research among 916 teachers (777 women; 139 men) from 271 primary schools in Serbia on the effects that the COV- ID-19 pandemic had had on the educational process in the sponding to drugs incidents on or around school premises; country. The project produced three publications26 on pre- the role of the police in reducing the harm stemming from venting risky behaviour among youth, which were shared illicit drug use; and effective preventive practices. with the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (MoESTD). The Ministry will distribute the pub- On 29 June, jointly with the MoI, the MoESTD and the CSO lications to schools across the country in 2022. Friends of Children of Serbia, the Mission organized a work- shop for 18 participants (8 women; 10 men), including ju- From 27 to 28 April, jointly with the Department for Preven- venile crime police officers from the Belgrade police district, tion and Suppression of Juvenile Crime, the Mission organ- to develop the guidelines on working with youth on crime ized a workshop for 12 juvenile crime police officers (8 wom- prevention and receiving feedback from young people on the en; 4 men) from Belgrade, Kragujevac, Niš, Novi Pazar, Novi planned approach. Sad and Subotica. Facilitated by experts from the MoI, the MoESTD and the CSO Friends of Children of Serbia, the on- From 5 to 7 July, jointly with the MoI’s Service for Prevention line workshop equipped the police with the skills needed to of Drug Addiction and Suppression of Narcotics, the Mission work with youth. organized the first training for school police officers. A total of 25 school police officers (15 women; 10 men) from the From 10 to 11 June, jointly with the MoI’s Service for the Belgrade police district learned more about the risk factors Prevention of Drug Addiction and Suppression of Narcot- for young people entering into illicit drug dependence, the ics, the Mission organized a workshop for 11 participants (7 correct application of police powers in a school environment, women; 4 men) to revise and update the curricula for training and best practices in preventing illicit drug use. of school police officers on illicit drug prevention. The MoI’s Community Policing Department, the Department for Pre- From July to November, in partnership with the MoI, the Fire- vention and Suppression of Juvenile Crime, together with the fighting Association of Serbia and the Standing Conference experts from the MoESTD and UNODC, revised and updat- of Towns and Municipalities, the Mission organized a series ed the following curricula topics: health risks resulting from of six workshops promoting voluntary firefighting in local illicit drug use; young people and illicit drug-related offences; communities. The workshops, gathering a total of 154 par- risk and protective factors for problematic illicit drug use; re- ticipants (16 women; 138 men), raised local decision mak- ers’ awareness of the legislation governing voluntary firefight- ing and on best practices in financing it. 26 The electronic versions of the documents in Serbian language are available on the website of the CSO Center for Positive Youth Development: https://cepora.org/en/ prirucnici-za-nastavnike/

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On 11 August, jointly with the National Youth Council of Ser- in close co-operation with the Ministry of Health and the bia (KOMS), the Mission organized a closing event awarding poster was published on the MoI website. the participants of the project on promoting youth safety. Out of 73 submissions, the three best multi-media, graphic and From 16 to 19 November, the Mission supported the MoI’s essay works on the topic “What is safety for you?” were se- Department for Organization, Prevention and Community lected. The awardees discussed the issues of youth safety Policing to organize two rounds of training courses on the with the Head of Mission and the KOMS Secretary General concept of community policing and its practical aspects. at an online award ceremony. The workshops, gathering 46 police supervisors (2 women; 44 men) from the Belgrade, Pančevo and Šabac police dis- On 24 August, jointly with the MoI, the MoESTD, and the tricts, equipped the participants with necessary knowledge CSO Friends of the Children of Serbia, the Mission organized on community policing, enabling them to provide support to a workshop for nine juvenile crime police officers (5 women; the community policing officers within their police districts. 4 men) from Belgrade, Kragujevac, Niš, Novi Pazar, Novi Sad and Subotica. The workshop served as final preparation for On 2-3 December, in Kragujevac, the Mission organized the the police officers to define the guidelines and practice the initial workshop for the MoI’s WG tasked to draft the strategic scenarios before the autumn rollout of workshops in their lo- plan for the development of voluntary firefighting in Serbia. cal communities. The MoI established the group consisting of 19 members (7 women; 12 men). On 4 and 5 October, the Mission supported the MoI’s Crimi- nal Investigations Directorate and its Department for Preven- In December, the Mission commissioned a national-level sur- tion and Suppression of Juvenile Crime, to deliver the first vey on citizens’ attitudes towards the work of the police. The out of the planned six workshops for youth on juvenile crime sample encompassed 1,000 respondents using the meth- prevention, entitled My Right to Know my Rights and Obliga- odology of structured questionnaire and person-to-person tions. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the workshops were interviews in direct contact with the citizens across the coun- organized in an abbreviated format for 20 participants (9 try. This was the fourteenth annual survey the Mission has girls; 11 boys) from two high schools. Facilitated by experts commissioned since 2008. In addition to questions about from the MoI, the MoESTD and the CSO Friends of Children the perception of the police work, it included questions re- of Serbia, the workshops tackled various aspects of juvenile garding the security situation, including those related to the crime prevention through an interactive approach, with the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the Strategy aim to inform high school students of their rights and respon- on SALW Control in the Republic of Serbia. sibilities in contact with the police. To promote the project, the Mission also supported a billboard campaign in central locations in Belgrade, featuring the project’s key messages, Gender-based Violence as well as the printing of t-shirts for all workshop participants. The remaining five workshops were postponed to 2022 due From June to December, jointly with its implementing part- to the COVID-19 pandemic. ner the CSO FemPlatz, the Mission implemented the pro- ject Safe Cities for Women and Girls to improve the safety of From 12 to 14 October, together with the MoI’s Service for women in public spaces. The project aims to build capaci- Prevention of Drug Addition and Suppression of Narcotics, ties of local actors from three local self-governments, namely the Mission organized the second training for school police Kraljevo, Pančevo and Zemun, on the safety of women and officers, in Zlatibor. Some 25 school police officers (men) contributed to improving local co-operation of different local from Bajina Bašta, Čačak, Novi Pazar, Prijepolje, Sjenica and stakeholders on the issue of women’s safety. Direct benefi- Užice learned more about the risk factors for young people ciaries of the capacity-building component were local gender entering into illicit drug dependence. The Mission also sup- equality mechanisms, municipal safety councils, and social ported the printing of 1,000 copies of illicit drug-awareness welfare institutions. The advocacy component of the project posters. The aim was to inform the public of the hazards aimed at improving local co-operation on women’s safety stemming from illicit drug abuse, and to raise awareness and and gender equality. The project produced concrete recom- knowledge of the nature and extent of types of illicit drugs, mendations to local authorities, with regard to the mecha- illicit drug addiction, and their effects on individuals, fami- nisms of involving women in local planning. lies, and communities. This material was distributed among police officers, teachers, parents, social services, and local On 1 July in Subotica and on 13 July in Kragujevac, the community offices. The content of the poster was developed Mission and the Commissioner for Protection of Equality or- ganized two consultative meetings and focus groups with

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local self-governments to support the implementation of Specialized Investigations Units / the National Action Plan on the UNSCR 1325 on Women, Forensics Peace and Security. The events served to address relevant challenges in the second National Action Plan's implemen- From June to July, in co-operation with the MoI’s National tation from the perspective of local self-governments, and Forensic Center (NFC), the Judicial Academy and the RPPO, provided lessons learned that will be useful in drafting the the Mission organized four online training events for a group third National Action Plan. Some 32 representatives (women) of 120 forensic technicians and prosecutors (36 women; 84 of local self-governments - focal points on gender equality men) to strengthen the capacity of the police and prosecu- and security - participated in consultative meetings aiming tors to conduct crime scene investigation and collect materi- at underlining the purpose and comprehensiveness of the al evidence. In October and November, this was followed by women, peace, and security agenda. a series of in-person advanced practical training sessions on forensic techniques, attended by 122 MoI’s forensic techni- cians and prosecutors (30 women; 92 men). Hate Crime

On 24 March, the Mission’s Democratization and Security Activities Related to Threats Co-operation programmes facilitated communication be- Posed by Criminal Activity tween ODIHR, the World Jewish Congress and the Serbian MoI regarding the organization of ODIHR’s online event titled Raising Awareness and Building Effective Communication Organized Crime between the Law Enforcement and the Jewish Community in Serbia. Two police officers and one prosecutor (2 women; On 23 February, on 29 September and on 3 November, the 1 man) attended the online event. On the occasion, ODIHR Mission supported three on-line meetings of the Executive presented its practical guide Understanding Anti-Semitic Board of the PCOCP, a network of 13 organized crime pros- Hate Crimes and Addressing the Security Needs of Jewish ecution offices from the region and the EU. The Executive Communities. Board brought together its four members from Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. Supported by the On 1 and 2 July, in Vrdnik, jointly with the Commissioner for Mission, the PCOCP’s Secretariat, hosted by the Serbian Protection of Equality and the MoI, the Mission organized a Prosecutor’s Office for Organized Crime, facilitated all the workshop for the police on recognizing discrimination and meetings, which hosted, among others, the Deputy Pros- providing adequate response. The aim was to build the po- ecutor from the Italian Anti-Mafia and Counterterrorism Di- lice capacities to identify various types of discrimination and rectorate. to provide an adequate response. Through cross-depart- mental co-operation between the Mission’s Security Co-op- On 27 April, as a part of its support to TNTD/SPMU’s ExB eration and Democratization Departments, the training also project on asset recovery in South-Eastern Europe27, the included the topic of hate crimes. A total of 24 police officers Mission supported the organization of the 6th PCOCP meet- (8 women; 16 men) from Belgrade, Sremska Mitrovica and ing. The meeting, held online, gathered representatives of 13 Šabac attended the event, including police officers from the organized crime prosecution offices from the region and the MoI’s Emergency Sector. EU. On this occasion, the Austrian Prosecution Office ex- pressed its willingness to sign the Declaration of Intent and From 7 to 10 December, the Mission organized a training become the 14th member of the PCOCP. session on preventing peer violence for ten representatives (7 women; 3 men) of municipal safety councils from Čačak, Le- On 5 May, as a part of its support to the above-mentioned skovac, Mionica, Pirot and Veliko Gradište. They exchanged regional ExB project, the Mission supported the organization experiences in addressing youth violence and other safety of an online national workshop on social re-use of confiscat- concerns in their local communities, and learned to conduct ed assets from organized crime. Representatives from the violence prevention workshops with schoolchildren. Serbian Directorate for the Administration of Seized Assets, eight local CSOs and OSCE experts discussed opportunities and modalities for social re-use of assets confiscated from organized crime.

27 The project is implemented jointly by TNTD/SPMU and OCEEA.

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On 8 and 9 June, as a part of its support to the above-men- sponding amendment to the Law on Anti-Money Laundering/ tioned regional ExB project, the Mission supported the re- Countering Financing of Terrorism. A total of 112 participants gional workshop on social re-use of confiscated assets (48 women; 64 men) learned more about digital currencies, and the involvement of CSOs therein. The two-day work- the scope of digital asset crimes, and ways to investigate shop aimed to strengthen the involvement of CSOs from crimes related to digital assets. South-Eastern Europe in the topic and foster co-operation between CSOs and government agencies to effectively im- In 2021, continuing to boost the capacities of the Serbian plement the social re-use practices. authorities to combat corruption-related offences and eco- nomic crime, the Mission supported 5 police investigators On 17 September, in its continued effort to support a plat- (2 women; 3 men) from the MoI’s Service for Combating form for co-operation with and among police liaison officers Organized Crime to attend accredited courses for CFE accredited to Serbia, jointly with UNODC, the Mission or- and CAMS. The two courses were part of the educational ganized the fourth co-ordination meeting with police liaison programme of the internationally recognized United States- officers. The meeting gathered 11 liaison officers (4 women; based Association of Certified Fraud Examiners and the As- 7 men) from nine countries, and two representatives (men) sociation of Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialists. In from UNODC. The purpose of the meeting was to give up- June, the Mission received the list of nine interested police dates and discuss recent initiatives and potential for co-oper- investigators who were tested, of which five were selected ation in various areas of combating organized crime, financial to attend the courses, three for CFE and two for CAMS. The crimes and corruption, migrant smuggling and THB, illicit Mission also engaged five previously certified financial foren- drugs and firearms trafficking, terrorism as well as cyber- sic experts (1 woman; 4 men) as mentors, tasked to assist crime and cyber/ICT security. the candidates in understanding the online courses and to monitor their work online during the study period. In Novem- From 11 to 15 October, as a part of its support to the ber, one candidate passed the exam and became a CFE. above-mentioned regional ExB project, the Mission support- ed a five-day online training course on Open Source Inves- Small Arms and Light Weapons tigation for 12 financial investigators (3 women; 9 men) from the MoI’s FIU. On 6 and 7 July, Mission representatives attended the 5th Regional Co-ordination Meeting on the Implementation of On 19 November, as a part of its support to the above-men- the Roadmap for a Sustainable Solution to the Illegal Pos- tioned regional ExB project, the Mission supported a tech- session, Misuse and Trafficking of SALW and their Ammu- nical briefing on transnational organized crime, showcasing nition in the Western Balkans by 2024. The co-ordination the achievements of the asset recovery project. On this oc- meeting gathered 130 representatives (45 women; 85 men) casion, the Mission supported the participation of the Deputy from national SALW commissions, international and inter- Republic Public Prosecutor as a panellist. governmental organizations, as well as the donor communi- ty. The aim of the meeting was to present key findings stated On 6 December, as a part of its support to the above-men- in the Fifth Regional Roadmap Progress Report, and to dis- tioned regional ExB project, the Mission supported the or- cuss progress, challenges and plans in the implementation ganization of the 7th PCOCP Annual Meeting, held online of the Roadmap’s goals. Participants had the opportunity to and gathering representatives of 11 prosecution offices. The receive updates from the OSCE, NATO and the UN related PCOCP Secretariat, hosted by the Serbian Prosecutor’s Of- to funding mechanisms and tools established in support of fice for Organized Crime since 2017, gave an overview of the implementation of the Roadmap, as well as to receive their work in the last four years. Following the voting, the updates given by donors on current or new planned funding participating prosecution offices’ representatives decided in the field of SALW control. that the Special Prosecutor’s Office of Bulgaria would be the next host of the PCOCP Secretariat. The prosecutors also On 15 and 16 September, the Mission organized a kick-off discussed the possible expansion of the PCOCP and agreed workshop on advanced practices to prevent the misuse of that the invitation to participate will be sent to the Czech Re- SALW. Organized in partnership with the MoI within the ExB public and Slovakia. project Support to designing and implementing awareness raising campaigns on SALW control in Serbia, the two-day From 13 to 17 December, the Mission organized seminars workshop gathered 20 international experts, CS and institu- for the police, prosecutors and judges on the new legisla- tions representatives (9 women; 11 men) responsible for the tive solutions stemming from the Law on Digital Assets (de- implementation of the 2019-2024 Strategy for SALW Con- veloped with the Mission’s support in 2020) and the corre- trol in the Republic of Serbia.

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From 19 to 21 October, in Skopje, the Mission expert staff ciety approach to preventing VERLT. The event gathered attended the Regional WG Meeting on developing the Oper- 70 participants (33 women; 37 men), among whom were ation Manual and Rules of Procedure for the National SALW high-level representatives of line ministries in the security, Commission of North Macedonia. The event was organized health, education and culture sectors, representatives of the within the project implemented by the OSCE Mission to UN, the OSCE, CS and academia. The seminar fed into the Skopje entitled Assisting the national authorities of the Re- ongoing revision of the National Strategy for the Prevention public of North Macedonia to decrease the risk of weapon and Countering of Terrorism, and its Action Plan. proliferation and misuse of SALW.

Illicit Drugs and Chemical Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT Precursors

On 23 April, jointly the Ministry of Human and Minority Rights On 19 and 21 October, the Mission organized two special- and Social Dialogue, the Mission organized an online consul- ized training seminars on identifying new forms of synthetic tative meeting with 43 participants (22 women; 21 men) from illicit drugs and psychoactive substances, for 30 participants CSOs and line ministries responsible for the implementation (19 women; 11 men) from the MoI’s NFC. of the National Strategy for the Prevention and Countering of Terrorism, to support an inclusive and comprehensive ap- During November and December, the Mission supported the proach to P/C VERLT. The Mission also shared a presenta- governmental Office for Combating Drugs to evaluate the tion of the whole-of-society approach to VERLT prevention, 2014-2021 National Strategy for Prevention of Drug Abuse along with its key gender related aspects, prepared by the in the Republic of Serbia. The evaluation process was con- TNTD/ATU. ducted through a review of available documents and reports related to the fight against illicit drug abuse. The evaluation In 2021, the Mission supported the dedicated inter-sectoral process entailed interviews with key national stakeholders governmental WG tasked to produce a by-law - the Regu- such as representatives of competent ministries and other lation on the Identification of Sectors, Criteria for the Identi- state bodies, professional institutions and CSOs. The evalu- fication of Critical Infrastructure and the Methods of Report- ation report contains findings and recommendations on the ing - which would define the criteria for determining critical illicit drug abuse situation in Serbia. The European Monitoring infrastructure in each of the eight areas listed in the Law on Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) provided Critical Infrastructure. To this end, the Mission provided its expert comments, which were incorporated into the final ver- expert support to the WG in the drafting process and facili- sion of the evaluation report. tated two workshops; the first one on 4-5 August in Palić and the second one on 30-31 August in Kragujevac, assisting the group to finalize the by-law and submit it for approval in Trafficking in Human Beings September. Additionally, the Mission supported the finaliza- tion of two pieces of secondary legislation; (i) the rulebook On 7 April, jointly with the Serbian Task Force for Combating on methodology, development method and content of the Human Smuggling, the Mission organized an online opera- security plan of the risk management operators, and (ii) the tional meeting of six police investigators (1 woman; 5 men) rulebook on the process and programme of certification of and two prosecutors (1 woman; 1 man) from Hungary, North liaison officers for critical infrastructure. Macedonia and Serbia, who investigate and prosecute or- ganized crime groups involved in the smuggling of migrants. From 5 to 8 October in Ečka, 13 to 15 October in Novi Sad, The participants exchanged information on recent trends and 20 to 22 October in Vrnjačka Banja, jointly with the MoI, in migration flows and methods used by organized crime the Mission organized three training seminars for the Ministry groups. of Finance, the Ministry of Public Administration and Local Self-Government and the Ministry of Culture and Information On 31 May, within the second phase of its multi-year ExB on co-operating in preventing VERLT. A total of 46 partici- project Strengthening regional co-operation to fight organ- pants (27 women; 19 men) learned about various aspects of ized crime groups dealing with smuggling of migrants, the terrorism financing and early detection of VERLT. Mission organized a ceremonial handover of duties from the current Head of the Serbian Task Force to his successor, the On 25 and 26 November, jointly with the Ministry of Human Deputy Prosecutor for Organized Crime. The event was at- and Minority Rights and Social Dialogue and TNTD/ATU, the tended by 18 senior law enforcement officials (2 women; 16 Mission organized a national seminar on the whole-of-so- men) from Hungary, North Macedonia and Serbia.

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On 10 June, in Belgrade, within the second phase of the women; 2 men) of the Centre, to assist them in successfully above-mentioned ExB project, the Mission organized an applying for donor funding. operational meeting of the police and prosecutors from Hungary, Serbia and, for the first time, Romania. Some 12 police officers and prosecutors (men) exchanged the latest Cybercrime and operational information related to cases they were working Cyber/ICT Security on, the current trends and modi operandi used by migrant smugglers in the three respective countries, and discussed On 9 and 10, and 23 and 24 September, jointly with the MoI, the links between the cases of human smuggling and THB. the Mission organized two training courses on collecting and On 23 November in Budapest, the Mission organized a sec- documenting information from open source databases to- ond operational meeting of 13 police officers and prosecu- wards effective investigation of cybercrime. Some 16 officers tors (2 women; 11 men) from Hungary, North Macedonia and (3 women; 13 men) from the Kikinda, Leskovac, Niš, Pirot, Serbia. Sombor, Subotica and Vranje police districts took part in these courses, held as a follow-up to the training implement- On 30 July, in partnership with the Centre for Protection of ed between 2018 and 2020. As per 2021, a total of 110 par- THB Victims and the Serbian Red Cross, the Mission marked ticipants (34 women; 76 men) have completed the training. the World Day against Trafficking in Persons with an outdoor campaign dubbed “I am not for sale – Stop human traffick- On 20 and 21 September, in Palić, the Mission facilitated a ing”. Information stands set up in central Belgrade distrib- meeting of the Cybersecurity Network Foundation, gather- uted information leaflets, posters and promotional material ing a group of 19 national cyber/ICT security stakeholders (1 raising awareness on THB risks and informing about the woman; 18 men) who tailored activities towards the 2021- Centre’s activities and the helpline number. The posters were 2026 National Cybersecurity Strategy’s implementation. also distributed to centers for social welfare across Serbia. From 3 to 5 November, in Athens, jointly with the European On 23 and 24 September, in Belgrade, jointly with the MoI Union’s Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the Mission or- and the OSR/CTHB, the Mission organized a regional con- ganized, in a blended-format, a training course on cyber/ICT ference on enhancing institutional responses to preventing security awareness raising programme development. Three and combating THB in supply chains. The event gathered 48 representatives (men) from the MoI’s Computer Emergen- participants (27 women; 21 men) including national co-or- cy Response Team (CERT) attended the training in person, dinators for combating THB from Bosnia and Herzegovina, while three others (men) participated online. Participants also Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, and Serbia, as well took part in the table-top exercise developed by the host as the Serbian Police, prosecutors, judges, CSOs, the Ser- organization. bian Chamber of Commerce, the Procurement Commission and other stakeholders relevant for the prevention of THB for From 23 to 28 November, in Moscow, in order to enhance the purpose of labour exploitation in supply chains. police capacities in combating transnational treats, the Mis- sion supported the participation of ten Serbian Police officers On 18 October, jointly with the Centre for Protection of THB (1 woman; 9 men) in a cyber/ICT security training course held Victims, the Mission organized a training seminar to support at the Vladimir Kikot Moscow University of the Russian MoIA. building institutional capacities in the protection of victims of The course improved the officers’ knowledge and skills in ef- THB for 20 employees (13 women; 7 men) of centres for so- fective investigation of high-tech crime and effective handling cial welfare and shelters for children and the elderly. The aim of electronic evidence. of the seminar was to train the participants on recognizing signs of THB and conducting preliminary victim identification. Other activities On 7 December, in Subotica, jointly with the Centre for Pro- tection of Victims of THB, the Mission organized a training In 2021, thanks to the cross-dimensional effort among the seminar on the preliminary identification of THB victims for 18 Mission’s Security Co-operation, the Rule of Law and Hu- employees (17 women; 1 man) of centres for social welfare, man Rights, and the Democratization Departments, the elderly and children. Participants learned about the SOPs for Mission assisted the Ministry of Environmental Protection identifying, interviewing and assisting potential THB victims. (MEP) in establishing a co-ordination mechanism to enhance From 9 to 11 December, in Vrnjačka Banja, the Mission also environmental safety through better enforcement of the en- organized a project development course for 11 employees (9 vironmental legislative framework and to ensure efficient exchange of information and co-ordination among various

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state institutions. In 2021, the Mission’s cross-departmental printed formats. In a follow-up, the Mission continued its ef- team also provided support to the multi-stakeholder Expert forts in this area by facilitating the development of another Group composed of judges, prosecutors, police and MEP publication on effective enforcement of legislation relevant to employees to re-format the Guidelines on Handling Hazard- environmental crime committed in protected natural areas. ous Waste Crimes, developed with the Mission’s support The reference material should ensure efficient exchange of in 2020. The publication, intended to aid the police, prose- information and co-ordination among relevant state institu- cutors, judges and environmental inspectors to investigate, tions, including the MEP, various inspection bodies, the po- prosecute and adjudicate hazardous waste crimes through lice service, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the criminal, enhanced co-operation, was developed in electronic and civil, and misdemeanour courts.

Mission to Serbia – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 45 Total

87 Analysis of Lessons 11 Learned, Assessments Training 31 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 57%  ACTIVITIES ON  43% by Criminal Activity

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SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE

4.6 Mission to Skopje

Introduction

The work of the OSCE Mission to Skopje (the Mission) and its Police Development Unit (PDU) is based on the Mission’s original mandate from 1992 on policing, and the OSCE MC and PC decisions stemming from the Ohrid Framework Agreement (OFA) of 2001. According to the provisions in Annex C of the OFA, the Mission was called upon to assist in a number of specific areas of policing, which were added to the initial mandate. These included the recruitment and training of more than 1,000 new police cadets from national minority communities, as well as the phased and co-ordinated redeployment of the national police personnel to former crisis areas.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

6,506,100 EUR 6,506,100 EUR

16.62% 16.48% POLICE DEVELOPMENT POLICE DEVELOPMENT UNIT UNIT 1,072,500 EUR 1,081,500 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

154 154

POLICE DEVELOPMENT POLICE DEVELOPMENT 15.58% UNIT 15.58% UNIT

24 Total 24 Total

13 Local 13 Local

11 International 11 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Mission to Skopje.

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Following the completion of the above task, the Mission’s PDU has been supporting law enforcement agencies, particularly the MoIA, in developing a depoliticized, professional service in line with international democratic policing principles and human rights standards to support comprehensive effective and efficient security. This support has taken the form of delivering and facilitating police training, supporting the development and implementation of the National Police Reform processes and strengthening of institutional capacities of law enforcement agencies to effectively counter transnational threats.

During 2021, in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Mission focused on blended implementation methodologies (in-person and online) and continued to support the MoIA in improving its professional capacity by advancing the implementation of police reforms and strengthening MoIA’s institutional capacity and efficiency in applying the principles of democratic policing in a multi-ethnic society, including by taking gender sensitive policies into account. The Mission also continued to support the law enforcement agencies in strengthening their institutional capacities in the fight against transnational threats, with a focus on combating serious and organized cross-border crime and terrorism, including financial crimes, cyber/ICT security, THB, illegal migration and effective border management.

Activities Related to General sion-funded research from 2020 on stress factors in the Police Development and Reform police. This e-course is the third online course developed with Mission’s support, while the previous two e-course fo- cused on forensics and first-line management. The stress Police Development and Reform management course will be uploaded on the MoIA’s learning management platform, accessible to all police officers. In 2021, the Mission facilitated 11 online meetings of the MoIA WG gathering four experts (1 woman; 3 men) and In September, the Mission supported the MoIA’s TC to de- tasked with preparing the application to initiate the process liver a series of refresher training modules to police officers for accreditation of the MoIA’s Training Centre (TC) as an involved in the local election process. In particular, the Mis- institution for adult leaning. With the Mission’s support, the sion updated an e-course, a mobile application available to WG completed all supporting documents concerning train- all police officers, as well as health and security protocols for ers and teaching tools, and submitted them to the Ministry COVID-19 pandemic to be compatible with the current lo- of Education and Science for review. The Mission will contin- cal elections. The TC delivered specific training modules on ue to support the accreditation process, in line with the stra- the role of police during local/municipal elections developed tegic priorities of the Strategy on Developing MoIA’s Training earlier by the Mission. Center 2020-2022. On 2 November, the Mission facilitated the introduction of a From 17 March to 21 April, the Mission supported the MoIA dialogue-policing concept to 18 police chiefs (men) as a tool WG composed of 11 experts (4 women; 7 men), by facili- for de-escalation and prevention of public confrontations at tating six online meetings to finalize the drafting of the new protests and other public gatherings. The MoIA representa- Strategy for Training and Staff Development of the MoIA Em- tives underlined that the proposed concept would be a valu- ployees 2022-2024 and its Action Plan. In May, the Strategy able addition to the existing policing methodology. The next was approved with a focus on improving the centralized and step will entail the selection of suitable officers for trainings decentralized training system, career development and ad- including a ToT in 2022. vancement of staff, gender equality, fostering the develop- ment of a high-performing digital training system, and estab- From 23 to 25 November, the Mission facilitated a three- lishing methodology to identify priority training requirements. day online training seminar for the two MoIA’s TC e-course developers (1 woman; 1 man) on advanced e-course de- In September, the Mission supported the MoIA in develop- sign. With this customized training, the e-course developers ing an e-course on stress management based on the Mis- improved their capacity in designing e-course curricula and

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learned how to upload them in the MoIA’s learning manage- the WG on Human Resources Management (HRM) Strate- ment system. gy, composed of eight experts (7 women; 1 man). The WG discussed the concept of establishing a promotion exam for On 10 December, the Mission facilitated a joint workshop succession planning within the Ministry as well as the mech- with four MoIA WGs dealing with human resource man- anisms for establishing a general promotion exam process. agement, disciplinary procedures, development of the TC, The WG decided that the promotion exam for higher man- community engagement and communication. Some 26 agerial positions should be further developed in 2022 and MoIA WGs representatives (20 women; 6 men) participated presented to the Minister and State Secretary. in the event. The WGs reported progress and challenges in the implementation of the following strategies and respec- From 16 to 19 November, the Mission organized a train- tive action plans: the Strategy on Developing MoIA's Train- ing course designed to achieve a more future-orientated ing Center 2020–2022, the Strategy for Human Resource leadership for 11 senior police officers (5 women; 6 men) Management 2020–2022, the Strategy for Community to enhance their managerial and leadership skills and the Engagement and Communication (CE&C) 2020–2022, as use of modern technologies. The first part of the training well as on recommendations stemming from the Report on course was held online with specially designed e-learn- Disciplinary Measures. The workshop served as a prelude ing content and a platform with modules on how to use to the kick-off event for the MoIA Evaluation Committee various digital applications. During the second in-person chaired by the State Secretary, tasked with monitoring and part of the course, the participants had an opportunity to evaluating of the Mission-funded strategies, to be consti- apply the digital tools in conveying managerial and leader- tuted in 2022. ship decisions and to discuss their experience with online modules and tools. The training reflected the need to apply In 2021, the Mission finalized the research on Enhancing the digital tools in communicating managerial and leadership police knowledge and capacity for the protection of crime decisions, particularly relevant in light of the COVID-19 victims’ rights in the context of the European policing stand- pandemic. ards. A report will compile the research findings comparing the legislation of North Macedonia with European Victims’ Rights Directive 2012/29/EU on protecting the rights of vic- Human Rights and Police tims of crime with focus on police procedures. The research, Accountability conducted in co-operation with the MoIA, identified fifteen issues of non-compliance with European policing standards From 9 to 12 November, the Mission organized a workshop and proposed a number of recommendations. The report with MoIA’s WG on Disciplinary Procedures, composed of aims to be used as a professional textbook in training of po- nine experts (7 women; 2 men), on the introduction of a lice officers from criminal investigation units and other rele- disciplinary matrix, early intervention mechanism and man- vant MoIA staff dealing with the protection of victims’ rights. datory reporting of peer misconduct into the disciplinary system of the MoIA. The working sessions included a pres- entation on the new disciplinary structure in the MoIA that Human Resources / has incorporated the recommendations from the Mission’s Police Management report on disciplinary measures, and other legal determi- nates and provisions relating to respective laws and by- From February to September, the Mission organized five on- laws. The event also promoted the benefits of progressive line workshops with 15 MoIA trainers (4 women; 11 men) in discipline processes through counselling, training of the charge of delivering first and mid-level management training personnel and the use of early intervention methods. The modules to the MoIA staff. The workshops reviewed the ex- outcome of the workshop included a list of conclusions isting curricula on first and mid-level management and iden- and activities to be implemented with Mission’s support tified areas for amendment by adopting a blended learning that will promote further professionalization, consistency, approach. As a result, the curriculum on first-line manage- uniformity and objectivity of the disciplinary procedures in ment training included methodology on motivation and the MoIA. teambuilding, as well as role-play and group discussions. The same group updated the course outline and format of From 30 November to 3 December, the Mission conducted the mid-level management training. a study visit to the United Kingdom with five senior staff (3 women; 2 men) from the MoIA and the Public Security Bu- From 15 to 17 September, the Mission organized a work- reau (PSB) on police oversight architecture. The study visit shop on the promotion exam policy model in the MoIA with familiarized the visiting delegation with the anti-corruption

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regimes within United Kingdom policing. The study visit also ing the event, the participants were familiarized with best included police vetting, professional standards, and internal practices on women empowerment, how police and gender and external formal oversight structures, as well as inves- are interconnected, and why a gender perspective is integral tigative methods and integrity testing. As a follow-up, the for policing. delegation will present the findings to the Minister and Legal Department and find the legal framework in order to apply On 30 November and 1 December, jointly with the Women’s the relevant findings to the MoIA and the PSB. Section of the Police Union and with the Police HR Depart- ment, the Mission organized two workshops gathering over 100 women who were engaged in the programme between Anti-Corruption 2017-2019 (mentors and mentees). Participants discussed future forms of support, the continuation of their engage- Following on the 2020 activities to support the MoIA staff ment to the programme and further promotion of gender in preventing and investigating corruption, the Mission or- mainstreaming in the police. Ideas to further develop the ganized a five-day training course on internal investigation programme included regular alumni meetings, a learning techniques, integrity testing, undercover operations, and use platform with materials for self-development, and a network- of technical equipment, to facilitate internal investigations of ing platform. The events highlighted a strong commitment corruption cases in the Border Police. The training course from all delegates to promote the programme and ensure its gathered 12 participants (1 woman; 11 men) from the MoIA continuous development. Department for Internal Control.

Community Policing, Police–Public Gender Mainstreaming Relations and Crime Prevention

In 2021, the Mission continued to support gender main- In 2021, the Mission continued to support the implemen- streaming in the MoIA by initiating the handover process of tation of the MoIA’s Strategy on Community Engagement the Mentoring Programme for Women in Police from the Po- and Communication (CE&C) 2020-2022 and achieved an lice Union to the Police HR Department. From 21 June to 15 85% overall implementation rate. Throughout 2021, the September, the core team of the programme, consisting of Mission organized activities targeting local communities, in 18 local co-ordinators (women) from all Sectors of Internal particular women, Police Prevention Units, MoIA spokes- Affairs (SIAs) and the police HRM, participated in a series of persons, and facilitated several workshops of the MoIA’s workshops organized by the Mission on the mentoring and WG on CE&C. gender components of the programme. Participants dis- cussed the aim, methodology, content and achievements of From July to November, the Mission organized three work- the programme. Experts outlined the key components and shops gathering 43 women from Kumanovo region, to principles of current and future programming, which include increase women's engagement in issues related to local gender equality, a historical overview on overcoming ine- security concerns affecting the family and the communi- quality in police, introduction to mentoring, communication ty. The Mission invited local women to share their security skills, active listening, and giving and receiving feedback. concerns, and to discuss and suggest possible solutions Participants also discussed the development of criteria to to the safety threats they identified. The workshops were select mentors and mentees for the new round of the men- designed to provide participants with a platform for discus- toring programme, agreeing that new mentors should have sion of community safety issues and the creation of social a minimum of 10 years professional experience in the police. network for crime prevention at a local level. The aim of Participants also discussed the inclusion of male colleagues the workshops is to help women develop their capacity to in the programme. respond to security threats and positively influence com- munity safety by sharing their views, knowledge, skills and On 10 June, in co-ordination with ODIHR, the Mission or- make concrete suggestions regarding community security ganized an online workshop on Women’s Leadership and problems. The workshops foreseen for 2022 will also aim Empowerment for 23 participants (20 women; 3 men) from to create a network of women community leaders regular- MoIA’s PBS subdivisions dealing with serious and organized ly supported by Police Prevention Units and develop their crime. The aim of the workshop was to identify specific chal- capacity to discuss and address local community security lenges in relation to the involvement of women in leadership issues. positions dealing with serious and organized crime, border affairs and migration as well as cyber-crime forensics. Dur-

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On 10 September, the Mission facilitated an annual work- 8,000 police officers and administrative staff at all levels, as shop for the Police Prevention Units with participation of main implementers of the Strategy. The video portrays the 17 prevention officers (5 women; 12 men) from all eight police-community engagement model, which will ensure SIAs. The workshop introduced several topics such as: (i) better co-ordination between police, institutions, and local the concept of an administrative approach for tackling or- authorities on local security issues, and will improve the en- ganized crime by adopting a multi-agency approach, (ii) gagement between police and communities, including by the importance of sharing information across institutions, addressing the different security needs of men and women and (iii) the role of the Police Prevention Units. The event, in local communities. co-hosted by the SIA Tetovo, allowed participants to share good practices and police prevention activities within the In 2021, the Mission conducted the Survey on Public Per- regions. The workshop also dealt with the implementation ception on Democratic Policing, involving over 2500 citi- of the Strategy on CE&C and the challenges in establishing zens and 500 serving police officers. The survey revealed and maintaining Local Prevention Councils (LPCs), which that 47% of the respondents trusted the police, similarly to offer a useful mechanism for dialog with local communities 2017 (46%), but lower than in 2019 (53%). on security issues. Other discussions related to future ac- tivities of the Police Prevention Units and activities involving Gender-based Violence the Mission’s support. From 19 to 22 October, the Mission facilitated a four-day From 18 to 20 November, the Mission organized a three- WG session with four MoIA experts (2 women; 2 men) on day training course for 11 newly appointed MoIA spokes- finalizing the Domestic Violence and Gender-based Violence persons (6 women; 5 men) on enhancing forms of commu- Guidebook for police officers. The aim of the Guidebook is nication with communities and the media. The programme to enhance police response to and procedures on incidents included the role of public relations function and spokes- of domestic violence and gender-based violence. It consists persons, basic skills in media communication, and com- of the new Law on Prevention and Protection from Violence monly used techniques and tools in public relations. The against Women and Domestic Violence and its respective service provider, the Institute of Communication Studies, bylaws, but also risk assessment procedures in domestic focused on the needs of the media and how to formulate violence cases, types of domestic violence, investigative pro- and deliver information to them, as well as examining is- cedures and aide memoire, and will include case studies for sues relating to code of ethics, writing skills for different practical advice. The aide memoire will be prepared sepa- platforms and communication strategies in crisis situations. rately, in the form of a poster, to be disseminated throughout Participants tested their writing and presentation skills with all police premises. Once approved by MoIA’s Legal Depart- several exercises, including by creating and broadcasting ment, the Guidebook will be distributed and used as training messages, and learning how to behave in front of the cam- material for the next groups of police officers envisaged to be era, give interviews and prepare for public appearances. trained on domestic violence in 2022. The event helped the MoIA to address the identified skills and experience gap, and is contributing to the MoIA’s suc- cession planning strategy. Hate Crime

On 25 and 26 November, jointly with MoIA’s WG on CE&C, From 2 to 5 November, in partnership with the MoIA and composed of eight experts (5 women; 3 men), the Mission the CSO Centre for Intercultural Dialogue, the Mission organ- organized a workshop on monitoring the progress in the ized two two-day workshops on hate speech, hate crime, implementation of the MoIA’s Strategy on CE&C and its and gender bias for 43 police officers (13 women; 30 men) Action Plan. Participants discussed the progress and the from SIAs Tetovo and Ohrid. The workshops offered theoret- reasons for the lack of functionality of LPCs as communi- ical and practical guidance on identifying and tackling hate ty-based safety form mechanisms, which was identified as speech and gender bias phenomena. The sessions covered a main challenge in the implementation. On 10 December, domestic and international legislation relating to hate speech all four WGs reported on the progress of the strategies and and tips on interacting with young people through aware- associated Action Plans, which are funded and implement- ness raising activities. In 2022, the trained police officers, ed with the Mission’s support. equipped with presentation materials provided by the Mis- sion, will visit high schools in their respective SIAs, interact On 6 December, a video clip illustrating the strategic pri- with youth, and organize education campaigns against hate orities of the Mission supporting MoIA’s Strategy on CE&C speech, hate crime, and gender bias. was uploaded onto the MoIA’s official webpage, targeting

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From 7 to 9 December, jointly with ODIHR, the Mission or- Activities Related to Threats ganized a three-day ToT course on hate crime for 22 officers Posed by Criminal Activity (7 women; 15 men) representing all regions of the country. The course, held in in Ohrid, was an updated version of ODIHR’s Training against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement Organized Crime (TAHCLE) course, held in 2015, which trained 48 trainers to rollout the program across the country. The curriculum de- From 16 to 18 June, the Mission organized a three-day on- livered to participants was revised by ODIHR with a view to line training course on advanced investigation methods and include the latest changes in the national legislation. concepts of investigation of serious crimes. The course gath- ered 26 representatives (9 women; 17 men) from the MoIA Department for Suppression of Organized and Serious Crime Public Order and Crisis and other organizational units. In co-operation with the Em- Management bassy of Hungary in Skopje, nine experts (3 women; 6 men) presented ways on how to effectively implement substantive From 29 November to 4 December, the Mission organized investigative measures, techniques, and methods regarding two three-day regional workshops in Bitola and Skopje on financial investigation, illicit drug-related crimes and THB. critical incidents and crisis management. The workshops brought together 57 first responders (9 women; 48 men) from On 20 October, the Mission organized a workshop on finan- various institutions at the local level, such as the Fire Brigade, cial investigations and assets recovery for 47 participants (29 the Direction for Rescue and Safety, the Crises Management women; 17 men). The activity promoted the National Strat- Centre, and the Police, and provided a forum for increased egy for Financial Investigations and Asset Recovery (FI/AR) inter-agency co-operation, interoperability, and communica- for the period of 2021-2023 as well as the establishment of tion to be better prepared in the event of critical incidents. a National Commission to monitor and evaluate the imple- The workshops are part of a schedule of activities on the mentation of the Strategy. The Strategy promotes a multi-in- topic started in 2018, introducing European best practices stitutional approach to the fight against financial crime and in inter-institutional co-operation during crisis situations at the establishment of inter-institutional protocols related to the local level, and aiming to increase the capacities of the information exchange and a standardized format of analysis relevant agencies as well as to improve their interoperability. and reporting.

On 25 October, the Mission organized an online training Other activities, including course on digital investigation tools and the use of the iBase co-ordination and co-operation and the Analysts Notebook software. The event gathered ten representatives (5 women; 5 men) from the MoIA and the On 9 December, the Mission organized a ceremony to final- National Coordination Centre for Combating Serious and Or- ize the donation of IT equipment to the MoIA’s decentralized ganized Crime. The software donated by the Mission and the training rooms located in eight SIAs and four Regional Cen- acquired skills enabled participants to improve internal and tres for Border Affairs. The event saw the participation of the external communication by means of a standardised meth- Minister of Internal Affairs and Head of the Mission, as well odology, thus enhancing institutional and inter-institutional as 20 senior police officers (5 women; 15 men). In 2020, the intelligence as well as handling and analysis capacities. Mission focused on assisting the MoIA by supporting the re- furbishment of 12 regional training rooms, and on equipping On 27 October, the Mission organized a training course on and enabling them to provide continuous in-service training the use and value of data analysis in investigations of seri- on decentralized level. In addition to IT equipment, 12 lap- ous crime. The event, gathering ten participants (5 women; tops have been donated, thus ensuring the technical require- 5 men), was designed to build upon participants’ existing ments for implementing decentralized training projects. The knowledge and experience, such as analysts working in use of the technical equipment will be monitored by the Mis- national and regional departments for investigation of seri- sion in 2022. With the handover event, the Mission complet- ous crime. The aim of the course was to support the further ed a three-year process of establishing computer corners development of the ILP model. Specifically, the training ex- and strengthening of the MoIA’s online training capacities on amined how ILP can support and enhance the investigative a decentralized level. process, by identifying risk and mitigations, developing in- vestigative opportunities, promoting information-based deci- sion-making and ensuring appropriate resource allocations. Participants received inputs highlighting best practice on

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how to analyse all available data from an investigation in or- In the framework of one of the SALW II project activities, en- der to produce concise summaries, conclusions, and recom- titled Increasing illicit SALW detection capacity of the MoIA mendation as to the next steps in the investigative process. by efficient deployment of K9 assets, the Mission aimed to Modern versions of analytical software were used in the support the establishment of appropriate infrastructural, hu- training course, offering the opportunity to present analysis man resource, regulatory and information exchange environ- in differing visual formats for end users such as prosecutors, ment in order to create efficient deployment of the K9 assets. police management and operational units in the field. In particular, the Mission provided support to the MoIA’s K9 Unit in terms of capacity-building and establishing adequate On 24 and 25 November, the Mission organized a two-day regulatory basis. The SALW II project has supported the de- workshop to finalize the content of the National Serious velopment of SOPs for the deployment of K9 assets through and Organized Crime Threat Assessment (SOCTA) Report. organizing several workshops during 2021, for which one Some 22 participants (12 women; 10 men) from six different national and one international consultants were engaged. To state institutions participated in the formulation and drafting implement the activity, a WG was established, composed of of parts of the report, which was finalized and published nine experts (2 women; 7 men) from the MoIA’s K9 Unit, Spe- in early December. The report is a product of institutional cial Police, Uniformed Police, the Legal Department and the co-operation and collaboration and is one of the most im- Police Training Centre. portant strategic documents in the fight against organized crime in the country. On 7 and 8 April, the first WG meeting took place in the framework of the above-mentioned project where partici- Small Arms and Light Weapons pants established the preliminary structure and content of the SOPs for K9 deployment of assets. From 1 to 3 June, In 2021, the Mission officially launched the ExB project As- the second WG meeting took place, further determining sisting the national authorities of the Republic of North Mac- the structure, scope and content of the SOP. From 20 to edonia to decrease the risk of weapon proliferation and mis- 22 September, the third WG meeting took place, gathering use of SALW (SALW II project). The project was developed representatives from the MoIAs of Western Balkan neigh- to respond to the assistance request by the Government of bours. During the event, 25 participants (5 women; 20 men) the Republic of North Macedonia and aims to support coun- from the region exchanged experience and information, and try’s efforts to implement international commitments in the shared best practices in order to finalize the SOPs. field of preventing and combating the proliferation of SALW, thus contributing to security and stability in the country. This In the framework of the above-mentioned project, the Mis- objective is expected to be achieved through enhancing reg- sion also initiated the process of developing Detailed Designs ulatory, operational and inter-agency co-operation capacities (DDs), Bill of Quantities (BoQs) and quality assurance, as well of the MoIA to combat the proliferation of SALW. The project as control services for civil construction, electrical and cyber/ targets three priority areas as identified by the MoIA, and will ICT installation works for the upgrade of the infrastructure of work to: (i) improve co-ordination and inter-agency co-oper- the MoIA’s K9 Units. The purpose of this activity was to de- ation mechanism of the National SALW Commission, (ii) build velop DDs and BoQs for civil and electrical installation works detection capacity of the K9 assets, and (iii) increase the ca- and to provide quality assurance and control services during pacities of national authorities in raising public awareness on the implementation of the works at nine MoIA sites through- the dangers of misuse and proliferation of SALW. out the country.

On 10 March, the Mission held the official project launching Further, within the above-mentioned project, the Mission event, during which an MoU was signed between the MoIA procured and delivered 14 specialized K9 transportation ve- and the Mission. A high-level representation was secured, hicles, aiming to increase in the operational capacity of the with representatives from the MoIA and the donor communi- K9 services by supplying specialized vehicles for the central ty, as well as from the OSCE Presence in Albania, the OSCE K9 unit and its regional offices. On 16 December, the process Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina, the OSCE Mission in of distributing the specialized vehicles has been finalized with Kosovo, the OSCE Mission to Montenegro and the OSCE a formal handover and the signing a Donation Agreement. In Mission to Serbia. Additionally, there were online representa- its efforts to support the field operations of the K9 unit, the tives from national media, both traditional and digital outlets, Mission will also supply three specialized K9 trailers for the who promoted the launch of the SALW II project. The event transportation of police dogs, to be delivered in early 2022. gathered a total of 85 online participants and 26 in-person participants (6 women; 20 men). In 2021, the Mission worked on effective countering of the proliferation of SALW, as efficient deployment of the K9 as-

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sets requires information exchange within the law enforce- crease the crime controls conducted by duty police officers ment organization and between governmental agencies on a nationwide via real-time information exchange. national and on a regional level. Key focus was on supporting the MoIA in establishing an official platform for the exchange On 22 November, the Mission organized the fourth and final of information and intelligence within its units and with oth- meeting of the WG on SOPs for real time information ex- er international entities. Based on identified deficiencies, the change. The meeting, gathering 15 participants (3 women; Mission supported the development of an SOP on real time 12 men), aimed to achieve a final elaboration of the SOP information exchange among Police and Customs Cooper- draft. The discussion highlighted the ongoing initiative to ation Centres (PCCCs). To this end, a specialized WG was enhance information exchange among Common Contact established, consisting of nine representatives (2 women; 7 Centres (CCCs), which would further regulate information men) of the MoIA and the PCCCs. The WG was support- exchange with countries other than the neighbouring. In De- ed by a national consultant (woman) who delivered several cember, the document was finalized, adjusted and submit- workshops to support the development of the SOP. ted to the MoIA for final approval.

On 13 and 14 April, the Mission organized and facilitated The Mission also provided assistance to the National SALW the first meeting of the WG on SOP for real time information Commission to develop an Orientation Manual (OM), which exchange. The two-day event took place online and was at- will take into account the relevant legislative and regulatory tended by 29 representatives (9 women; 20 men) from IN- aspects, as well as measures for enforcement and prose- TERPOL, Europol, the European Multidisciplinary Platform cution, means of data collection and analysis of information/ Against Criminal Threats (EMPACT), the Migration, Asylum, data, ways of communication and data exchange of the Refugees Regional Initiative (MARRI), the South Eastern and Commission. The objective of the OM is to facilitate the ori- Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for the Control of Small Arms entation of newcomers, namely staff and members of the and Light Weapons (SEESAC), as well as representatives Commission, as well as increase its operational capacity. from the MoIA and the Customs Office. The objective of the Based on the new proposed Rules of Procedure (RoP), the first WG meeting was to set baseline requirements for the roles and responsibilities of its members have been strength- content of the SOP, taking into consideration all internation- en towards their competencies in order to be able to take on al and national legal acts regulating the aspects of police their inter-governmental position to facilitate effective SALW co-operation and information exchange. control.

From 1 to 3 June, the Mission organized the second meeting To develop the OM, all governmental institutions and agen- of the WG on SOP for real time information exchange. The cies members of the Commission nominated representatives meeting, gathering 13 in-person participants (6 women; 7 to the WG tasked with reviewing the existing RoP. The WG men), aimed to further develop the principles and procedures meetings were used as a platform to support the process related to effective and timely cross-border information ex- of defining and amending the legal grounds on which the change. As a result, the second SOP draft was developed National SALW Commission operates. In this regard, the taking into consideration practical steps on how to gath- Mission’s SALW II project is continuously supporting and er and share SALW-related criminal information within the co-ordinating the activities with the president of the National country and across borders. SALW Commission and the Legal Department of the MoIA. In December, during a formal session of the Commission, From 22 to 24 September, the Mission organized the third the final drafts were presented, moving towards their formal meeting of the WG on SOP for real time information ex- adoption, expected in early 2022. change, gathering 25 participants (5 women; 20 men) from the region, who took part in the review and development Additionally, the Mission has provided support to the National of the final draft of the SOPs. The draft was developed to SALW Commission in performing a comprehensive analysis provide support and facilitate the work of the police officers, on developing and elaborating SOPs on data collection, in- elaborating on their tasks, steps and workflow for the ex- formation tracking and reporting. In 2021, a national consult- change of information between PCCCs located at the border ant (man) has been engaged in desk research of all related crossing points. At the same time, the document will em- international and national legal base that determine the re- brace the roles of the special units within the MoIA, such porting obligations of the Commission towards international as the Europol National Unit, the INTERPOL Unit, the Bor- organizations and the Government of North Macedonia. The der Police Unit, the Special Police Unit, the K9 Unit, and the activity is expected to be implemented until mid-2022. Traffic Police Units. The SOPs will also enable digital cross- checks of data on SALW, people, and vehicles, and will in-

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derpinned by key principles; identify and include the diversity of stakeholders, including CS that should be involved in the development and implementation of such interventions and leverage respective comparative advantages; adapt specific processes around the capacities of a context which also ob- serve the do-no-harm approach.28

On 1 and 2 June, the Mission organized a two-day online training course on assessing the risk posed by FTFs and home-grown terrorists for 15 participants (3 women; 12 men) from the National Security Agency and the Sector for Coun- tering Terrorism, Violent Extremism and Radicalization of the MoIA. In the context of the training, definitions and legisla- tion concerning VERLT, the emergence of ISIS, detection of sleeper cells and risk assessment models were presented to the trainees. Participants in action during the regional mapping exercise focusing on the protection of critical infrastructure and the From 12 to 15 September, in partnership with the MoIA, the importance of interagency co-operation and information Mission organized a three-day regional mapping exercise exchange, in Ohrid, North Macedonia, 12 – 15 September focused on the protection of critical infrastructure and the 2021.  Mission to Skopje/Violeta Nicheva Tikveshanska importance of inter-agency co-operation and information ex- change. The mapping exercise gathered 43 participants (13 women; 30 men) from law enforcement agencies of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro and North On 29 November, the Mission also organized a working Macedonia. The event allowed participants to learn from meeting with 20 representatives (4 women; 16 men) from best practices and develop effective operational responses the MoIA, the Customs Administration and the Ministry of to the different types of cross border criminality that contrib- Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, to identify possible ute to terrorist attacks, by simulating practical scenarios for solutions to strengthen the co-operation among competent the protection of critical infrastructure, including the elements agencies in reducing the risk of illegal possession, misuse of investigation of SALW smuggling and real-time data ex- and trafficking of SALW. As the proliferation of SALW can change. have a destabilizing effect on social and economic develop- ment and can represent a major threat to citizens’ safety, From 3 to 5 November, the Mission supported a training the Mission supported an event where relevant represent- course organized by ODIHR and TNTD/ATU on prevent- atives from different units, sectors, departments and agen- ing terrorism and countering VERLT through a community cies determined how they can better co-ordinate their efforts policing approach. The course gathered 21 police officers against this threat. and community members (10 women; 11 men) representing CSOs and religious communities, as well as individuals and staff from local governmental agencies. Participants learned Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT about human rights-based, whole-of-society approaches to P/C VERLT, and discussed common challenges and good On 22-23 and 25-26 March, the Mission delivered a training practices. The course was based on the OSCE’s Guidebook course for the Inter-departmental WG for Reintegration and Preventing Terrorism and Countering Violent Extremism that the Local Multi-Disciplinary Teams for Reintegration, in order Lead to Terrorism: A Community Policing Approach and on to increase their capacity to manage the reintegration pro- pilot courses run by ODIHR, TNTD/ATU and TNTD/SPMU in cess with regards to P/C VERLT. The Mission, together with Sarajevo in 2018 and Tirana in 2019. the International Institute for Justice and the Rule of Law (IIJ) and supported by TNTD/SPMU, organized this online train- ing course on rule of law-based multi-actor intervention pro- grammes for preventing and countering violent extremism in North Macedonia for 42 participants (23 women; 19 men). The course provided participants with necessary tools to de- 28 The do-no-harm approach is the understanding of the impact of an intervention sign and implement multi-actor P/C VERLT interventions un- on existing conflict and its interactions within a particular context, with the goal to limit or prevent unintended negative effects.

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On 24 and 25 November, the Mission organized a two-day From 17 to 20 December, the Mission supported the ZIP In- training course with a focus on the protection of human rights stitute with organizing a four-day workshop for young peo- while countering terrorism, delivered by two ODIHR trainers ple and religious studies students, to learn how to eliminate and one international law enforcement officer (1 woman; 2 religious-based discrimination and intolerance. The work- men). The course focused on human rights standards, the shop gathered 27 participants aged 16-24 (12 women; 15 risks originating from human rights violations in counter-ter- men) from communities where radical messages have been rorism and interviewing techniques that create trust. The spread, communities in possible contact with VE, as well as event gathered a total of 19 MoIA officers (men) from units youth interested in improving interfaith dialogue in their com- involved in countering terrorism. munity and with demonstrated interest in peace-building and community resilience. On 26 November, jointly with the National Committee for Countering Violent Extremism and Counter-Terrorism and During 2021, jointly with TNTD, the Mission also provided members of the Local Multidisciplinary Teams for Reintegra- logistical support to the training programme, implemented by tion (LMDTRs) from Kumanovo, Skopje, and Tetovo, the Mis- the OSCE and UNODC, aimed at assisting North Macedonia sion organized a lessons-learned workshop, held in Skop- in the implementation of international standards on CFT. je. The event was the first of two workshops on managing community-level rehabilitation and reintegration programs. LMDTRs, foreseen in the National Reintegration Plan, were Trafficking in Human Beings developed in 2020 with the Mission’s support. On 30 No- vember, the Mission organized the second lessons learned On 10 May, the Mission delivered an online training course workshop, held in Mavrovo, for the LMDTRs from Gostivar, on detecting potential victims of THB among large groups Kichevo, Makedonski Brod and Plasnica. The workshops, of migrants. The training course, led by a national expert, gathering 52 members (25 women; 27 men) from seven LM- was delivered to 23 police officers (6 women; 17 men) from DTRs, also incorporated elements of gender sensitivity and the Border Police and regional representatives of the National gender-related rights, and contributed to the further profes- Task Force. Topics covered included interviewing potential sionalization of the local-level practitioners in the LMDTRs. victims, possible indicators of THB, relevant legislation, as well as interagency, regional, and international co-operation. From 26 to 28 November, the Mission organized the first part of a training course for teachers and school support staff on preventing VERLT. The course, held in Skopje, gathered 25 Border Security and Management / participants (21 women; 4 men) from 15 secondary schools Customs from Bitola, Gostivar, Kicevo, Prilep, Skopje, Struga, Skopje, Tetovo, and Veles. The topics covered during the first part of The Mission enhanced inter-agency co-operation and pro- the training were (i) the definition of violent extremism, radi- moted the Integrated Border Management concept to in- calization, indoctrination and terrorism, (ii) the processes of crease the national capacity to combat cross-border crimi- internet radicalization, (iii) push and pull factors, (iv) the role of nality. On 12 July, the Mission facilitated an initiative whereby teachers, parents and the community in preventing radicali- 23 representatives (3 women; 20 men) from law enforcement zation and elements of students’ resilience. agencies developed a thorough analysis of the border man- agement system and process and identified the areas in Bor- From 10 to 12 December, the Mission held the second part of der Police and Customs interoperability requiring additional the above-mentioned training course. The main topics cov- support. Participants included senior managers within the ered during these sessions were (i) stereotypes and prejudic- Border Police, the National Coordination Centre for Border es, (ii) critical thinking, (iii) active listening, (iv) media literacy, Management, and other MoIA departments, and as a result, and (v) conflict resolution as essential competencies for the the initiative provided recommendations relating to gaps in effectiveness in building resilience and recognizing warning Border Police and Customs interoperability. signs of radicalization in the youth. The training courses ech- oed the need to continue this conversation on difficult sub- jects with students, teachers and parents, but also involve students in decision-making processes within the school and their communities.

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Mission to Skopje – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 37 Total

61 Analysis of Lessons 7 Learned, Assessments Training 17 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 49%  ACTIVITIES ON  51% by Criminal Activity

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EASTERN EUROPE

4.7 Mission to Moldova

Introduction

The OSCE Mission to Moldova (the Mission) was established in 1993 with the mandate to facilitate a comprehensive and lasting political settlement of the Transdniestrian conflict in all its aspects, consolidating the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova within its internationally recognized borders, with a special status for Transdniestria that fully guarantees the human, political, economic and social rights of its population.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

2,302,700 EUR 2,302,700 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020

52 Total 53 Total

39 Local 40 Local

13 International 13 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Mission to Moldova.

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In 1999, the Mission’s mandate was expanded and includes a provision on ensuring the transparency of the removal and destruction of Russian ammunition and armaments, and co- ordination of financial and technical assistance offered to facilitate withdrawal and destruction.

In 2021, the Mission continued its effort to consolidate the capacity of legal specialists on the right bank of the Dniester/Nistru River.

In September, in order to ensure durability of the capaci- Activities Related to General ty-building process, the Mission started working on a Guide- Police Development and Reform book for legal professionals on how to efficiently implement rehabilitation and compensation provisions, in accordance with the Law on the Rehabilitation of Victims of Crime, en- Human Rights tered into force in January 2018. The work on the Guide- book, initiated in December 2020, was continued and fi- On 23 April, the Mission organized an online training seminar nalized in December 2021. Working towards this aim, the on victims’ rights, with a focus on rehabilitation and compen- Mission contracted three national experts (2 women; 1 man), sation of victims of serious crimes, such as THB and domes- who have previously led the online training seminar on vic- tic violence. The training seminar gathered 37 judges and tims’ rights. The guidebook is expected to be published and prosecutors (24 women; 13 men) from Moldova. The sem- distributed across the legal community in 2022. In addition, inar, led by a Supreme Court of Justice judge, a magistrate the Mission plans to provide two training sessions to legal from the GPO and a lawyer specialized in THB (2 women; 1 professionals, including lawyers, judges and prosecutors, on man), focused on the victims’ rights to state compensation the use of the guidebook, so that survivors can benefit from and redress, restorative justice and prosecution of crimes, the existing rehabilitation and compensation mechanisms and victims’ rights during trial and post-trial phase. and thus contribute to strengthening citizens’ trust in the governmental system.

Presentation during the online training seminar on victims’ rights, with a focus on rehabilitation and compensation of victims of THB and domestic violence, 23 April 2021.  Mission to Moldova

104  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations EASTERN EUROPE

Mission to Moldova – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 0 Total

2 Analysis of Lessons 1 Learned, Assessments Training 1 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 100%  ACTIVITIES ON  0% by Criminal Activity

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EASTERN EUROPE

4.8 Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine

Introduction

In 2021, the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine (the PCU) supported national stakeholders by establishing interagency co-operation, promoting a human rights-based approach and building a strategic vision for the law enforcement sector reform and transformation. The PCU conducted capacity-building activities and strategic sessions for law enforcement and security sectors to effectively counter transnational threats such as organized crime, cybercrime, THB, as well as illicit trafficking in weapons, ammunition and explosives.

BUDGET (UB)*: N/A** 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

3,618,500 EUR 3,618,500 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020

52 Total 52 Total

49 Local 49 Local

3 International 3 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine. ** The PCU does not have a specialized Department on Police-Related Activities. Po- lice-related activities are implemented by the Human Security, the Environmental and Politico-Military and the Rule of Law and Human Rights Programmes, through UB and ExB funds.

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The PCU does not have a specialized department on police-related activities. Therefore, the Human Security, the Environmental and Politico-Military and the Rule of Law and Human Rights Programmes are all actively involved in the implementation of police-related activities.

Activities related to General The PCU facilitated ODIHR’s legislative review of the draft Police Development and Reform Security Service of Ukraine (SSU) Reform Strategy and rel- evant draft SSU Reform Bill, currently under consideration in Parliament. In November, the PCU conducted a roundtable Police Development and Reform on the reform of the SSU and related criminal justice and se- within Security Sector Reform curity sector reform, also including issues related to integrity and gender. In 2021, the PCU supported law enforcement agencies to build their capacity in crime investigation and human rights In November, the PCU held a conference on criminal pro- standards. In May, jointly with the CoE, the PCU held a train- ceedings in areas adjacent to the contact line29, where 74 ing course for State Bureau of Investigations (SBI) on the pre- participants (30 women; 44 men), among which law enforce- vention and investigation of ill treatment in custodial settings. ment officers, prosecutors, judges and academics, shared The course, gathering 14 participants (4 women; 10 men) their experience on the criminal justice under special legal from the SBI, improved participants’ skills and knowledge in regimes. effective prevention and investigation of torture and ill treat- ment crimes based on best international practice. On 23 December, during the fifth Kyiv Polilogue on chal- lenges for an effective criminal justice, the PCU provided a In September, jointly with the CoE, the PCU conducted a platform for the discussion of ongoing issues in criminal jus- training course for 41 SBI officers (7 women; 34 men) on the tice reform, including in the area of combating corruption, prevention and investigation techniques related to abuse of by gathering high-level judges specialized in anti-corruption, authority crimes. A second training course was held for 38 criminal investigators, prosecutors, as well as leading aca- SBI officers (3 women; 35 men), focusing on investigation demia, attorneys and community experts. techniques for specific crimes.

In September, the PCU supported the seventh annual Lviv Human Rights and Police Criminal Justice Forum, which gathered 106 legal profes- Accountability sionals (42 women; 64 men) in person and 1,116 attendees online to explore issues related to criminal justice sector re- The PCU supported the Human Rights Protection Depart- form, security sector reform, prevention and prosecution of ment of the National Police of Ukraine (NPU) in developing a corruption, as well as criminal justice’s constitutional issues. human rights-based procedure/instruction for handling and The event served as a platform to present and discuss the protecting personal data in the police. From July to Decem- draft of the new version of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. ber, the PCU conducted a series of WG meetings with rep- resentatives from the NPU and CS to ensure that the devel- In September, the PCU fostered the exchange of experienc- oped procedure is in line with the operational requirements es from the OSCE area and discussions on current chal- of the NPU, national and international legislative frameworks lenges related to organized crime, law enforcement and the and a human rights-based approach. In October, two work- criminal justice system during the fifth Kharkiv International shops for 52 police officers (22 women; 30 men) were con- Legal Forum, an event attended by 29 in-person participants ducted to pilot the drafted procedure. The final document (8 women; 21 men) with 374 viewers on the PCU YouTube was submitted to the NPU for further approval. channel.

29 “Contact line” is used here with reference to its meaning as per UNSCR 2202 (2015)

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Gender-based Violence of best international practices in conducting AML/CFT risk assessments. In a continuation of its effort to train personnel of police call centres across the country, the PCU developed a new train- The PCU also developed recommendations for improving ing course for NPU personnel of the 102 hotline on how to Ukraine’s financial monitoring system based on horizontal handle calls from children reporting domestic violence inci- analyses of the FATF, the CoE MONEYVAL mutual evaluation dents. The training course was piloted in four regions, namely reports, and national risk assessment (NRA) reports. More Dnipro, Kyiv, Lviv and Odesa, during which 202 participants than 160 country-specific reports have been analysed by (113 women; 89 men) were trained on age-specific, psycho- PCU experts and the recommendations have been integrat- logical, and gender-sensitive peculiarities necessary for an ed in the financial monitoring authorities’ AML/CFT Strategy effective communication with children calling the hotline. for 2022-2024.

To enable better data processing and interpreting, in 2021 Other activities, including the PCU also developed a software for automation of com- co-ordination and co-operation prehensive administrative reporting in the field of AML/CFT. This aims to significantly enhance the capabilities of financial In September, together with psychologists at the MoIA and monitoring authorities in conducting data analysis and stra- its affiliated agencies, the PCU developed a course on psy- tegic planning. chological support in emergency situations focused on the rehabilitation phase. The PCU conducted three training courses for 56 participants (41 women; 15 men) of MoIA Trafficking in Human Beings affiliated agencies and two ToT sessions for 38 professors (27 women; 11 men) from MoIA institutions, which served From May to July, the PCU facilitated five three-day simula- as the second phase of in-service training on psychological tion exercises covering ten regions and hosting 163 special- support. ists (98 women; 65 men) in combating THB to improve multi- disciplinary collaboration at the central and regional levels. The participants included migration police officers and inves- Activities Related to Threats tigators, officials responsible for granting the status of victim Posed by Criminal Activity of THB, social service providers, labour inspectors, and NGO representatives. The training exercises helped participants to better understand the effectiveness of a multi-agency re- Organized Crime sponse and a victim-centred and human rights-based ap- proach, as well as reinforce the importance of co-operation In 2021, the PCU assisted the national authorities in the and understanding of each other’s mandates. preparation of the 2022 anti-money laundering and combat- ing the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) risk assessment, by In September, the PCU developed and organized a three- focusing on the areas more susceptible to money laundering day quest for cadets from seven Ukrainian higher education and financing of terrorism. In particular, the PCU focused on institutions of the MoIA to promote a practical approach in the identification of ultimate beneficial ownership, the use of police education in combating THB. A total of 21 participants ICT tools to prevent money laundering, and the introduction (11 women; 10 men), divided into three teams, took part in of a risk-oriented approach at all stages of financial moni- simulated scenarios alongside trained actors, to learn how toring. to interview victims of THB, search traffickers’ residences and investigate cyber-facilitated THB crimes. A total of 11 In June and December, the PCU organized two workshops professors from the same universities (5 women; 6 men) par- for 380 participants (140 women; 240 men) from both the ticipated in the quest, and also completed a one-day training public and private sectors to help participants understand activity on methodological components of the organization, the recent trends in fighting money laundering operations. such as a simulation exercise on THB. From November to The workshops covered topics such as virtual assets regu- December, as a result of the acquired methodology, repre- lation, mechanisms of ultimate beneficial ownership identifi- sentatives from three MoIA Universities developed and in- cation, introduction of a risk-oriented approach, and analysis troduced similar quests into their educational programmes.

108  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations EASTERN EUROPE

Cybercrime and Cyber/ICT Security

In July, the PCU supported the Cyber Police Department (CPD) by conducting a pilot training and ToT with the par- ticipation of 50 officials (27 women; 23 men). These activi- ties were organized to improve communication and ensure a more service-oriented approach to victims of cybercrimes and to align the CPD of the NPU to international best practic- es. The PCU also developed a guidance book on high quality service standards for CPD inspectors and operators, which was handed over to the CPD.

The PCU developed five promotional videos for the Nation- al Agency for Civil Service and the CPD to promote cyber/ ICT security among the public. In November and December, these videos were broadcast at the Kyiv Boryspil Airport and the JSC Ukrainian Railways, as well as on national and re- Training activities of canine units for the State Border Guard gional TV channels. Service of Ukraine, September 2021.  Tetiana Ryzhok

Border Security and Management / Customs lished in English and Ukrainian, handed over to the SBGS and the SSU, and uploaded on the PCU website.30 In 2021, the PCU continued strengthening capacities of state authorities, namely the MoIA, the NPU, the State Bor- In August, the PCU supported the observation of the 2021 der Guard Service (SBGS), and the State Customs Service Raven Challenge in improvised explosive device disposal, (SCS) in preventing and combating illicit trafficking of weap- where the Head of NPU Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) ons, ammunitions and explosives (WAE), through the organ- Service widened his knowledge and skills on the subject ization of training courses, provision of equipment, promo- matter. In December, the Head of EOD Service also under- tion of expert networking and transfer of international best took a study visit to the ALFORD bomb disposal training cen- practices. In April, the PCU completed the implementation of tre in Somerset, England. the basic training module, counting five training events in to- tal, on combating illicit cross-border trafficking in WAE, thus From September to November, given the crucial role of ca- enhancing the knowledge and practical skills of 125 SBGS nine units in combating cross-border trafficking of WAE, the personnel (29 women; 96 men). In October, the PCU also PCU initiated and facilitated a canine capacity-building ex- trained 22 communication officers (9 women; 11 men) from change programme between the SBGS, the SCS, and the the MoIA, the NPU and the SBGS, in developing awareness Canine Training Centre of Spain’s Guardia Civil. From 27 raising campaigns on the risks stemming from illicit trafficking September to 2 October, five Spanish canine experts (men) of WAE. visited Ukraine to assess SBGS’s and SCS’s existing capaci- ties in training WAE detection dogs and their operational use. In July, the PCU engaged two international experts (men) in From 22 to 27 November, the OSCE supported a study visit API and PNR, who gathered and analysed country-specific of 15 canine instructors (2 women; 13 men) from the SBGS legislation in API/PNR, passenger information units, and na- and the SCS to Spain to assimilate best practices and ap- tional targeting centres, and developed a concept road map proaches in canine use for the purpose of countering illicit for creating an API/PNR system based on international ex- WAE. These efforts led to the implementation of a full cycle periences and good practices. On 21 December, during an Canine Team Instructor product scent detection course for online workshop, the PCU presented these materials to 65 SBGS and SCS canine instructors, focused particularly on representatives (14 women; 51 men) of the SBGS and oth- the search of WAE, and scheduled to take place in 2022. er Ukrainian law enforcement agencies, as well as national authorities. The materials provided by the experts were pub-

30 Available at https://www.osce.org/uk/project-coordinator-in-ukraine/510620 (in Ukrainian) and https://www.osce.org/project-coordinator-in-ukraine/510575 (in English).

109 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

In October, the PCU facilitated a discussion platform for na- resource, combined with the training course for new users tional stakeholders on API System development. The event, held by Canadian experts on 25 October, significantly en- gathering 34 participants (4 women; 30 men), among whom hanced the investigative and operative-search capacities of were representatives of national authorities and experts, these agencies in the area of countering illicit WAE trafficking. aimed at forging inter-institutional consensus and vision on implementation, inter alia, of the OSCE MC Decision 6/16. In 2021, the PCU also provided specialized equipment to selected SBGS units and training institutions, including ca- In 2021, the interaction between the PCU and the Royal nine trailers for transportation and accommodation of service Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) resulted in the provision dogs, vehicle inspection toolkits, and canine GPS systems, of 25 access-licences to the Canadian Firearms Reference accompanied by instructive training courses. Additionally, Table, one of the largest firearms databases in the world, to ICT assets were provided to SBGS border control and an- be used by designated representatives from the MoIA, the alytical units. NPU, the SBGS, the SCS, and the SSU. The access to this

Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 13 Total

37 Analysis of Lessons 7 Learned, Assessments Training 17 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 43%  ACTIVITIES ON  57% by Criminal Activity

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CENTRAL ASIA

4.9 Centre in Ashgabat

Introduction

The OSCE Centre in Ashgabat (the Centre) was established in 1999. In accordance with the MoU between the Centre and the Government of Turkmenistan, the Centre assists the host country in implementing the OSCE principles and commitments, promoting the host country's co-operation with the OSCE across all three dimensions of comprehensive security. A part of the Centre's police-related activities focuses on building law enforcement agencies' capacities in countering terrorism and terrorist financing, fighting illicit drug trafficking, and enhancing border security and management as well as cyber/ICT security. The Centre complements these activities with projects aimed at anti-corruption and AML, combating THB, prevention of domestic violence, and assistance to the penitentiary and criminal justice systems.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

1,687,400 EUR 1,803,600 EUR

14.68% CONFLICT PREVENTION 15.00% CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFIDENCE AND AND CONFIDENCE AND SECURITY BUILDING SECURITY BUILDING

247,700 EUR 270,600 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

29 32 CONFLICT PREVENTION CONFLICT PREVENTION AND CONFIDENCE AND AND CONFIDENCE AND SECURITY BUILDING SECURITY BUILDING 17.24% 25.00% 5 Total 8 Total

4 Local 7 Local

1 International 1 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Centre in Ashgabat.

111 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

In 2021, the scope of the Centre’s activities were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and decreased somewhat in comparison with previous years. The situation required changing the format of some project activities to online mode and facilitate a videoconference communication between project beneficiaries and experts. Due to travel restrictions and closed borders, several events and study visits were cancelled or postponed. However, the host government representatives were able to participate via existing video platforms in OSCE police-related activities organized by the OSCE Secretariat and executive structures.

Activities Related to General discussed a broad range of issues concerning the exercise Police Development and Reform of legitimate rights and freedoms of prisoners, security in penitentiary institutions, and prison staff training. The dis- cussion also focused on protecting prisoners’ health and Police Development and Reform countering the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in penal correction institutions. The event gathered 18 representa- From 22 to 25 November, in co-operation with TNTD/ tives (4 women; 14 men) of the Mejlis (lower chamber of SPMU, the Centre organized the online training course enti- parliament), the MoIA, the Ministry for National Security, the tled Intelligence-Led Policing: from Theory to Strategic and MoJ, the State Border Service (SBS), the State Migration Operational Practice. A total of 13 law enforcement and Service (SMS), the GPO, the Supreme Court, the Office of criminal justice officials (men) from the MoIA, Ministry for Na- Ombudsperson, the Bar Association, and the Institute of tional Security, the MoJ, the GPO, and the Supreme Court State, Law and Democracy. explored the theory of ILP and crime analysis, as well as as- sessments and decision-making procedures. Other topics From 6 to 10 December, the Centre organized a five-day included ILP’s strategic and operational components and online course for law students in Ashgabat on promoting implementation modalities in Turkmenistan. international human rights standards in criminal proceedings and investigations. The event brought together 87 students From 14 to 17 December, jointly with TNTD/SPMU, the Cen- and staff (30 women; 57 men) from the Institute under the tre organized the online training course entitled Utilizing i2 MoIA, the Institute of International Relations under the MFA, Analyst’s Notebook and i2 iBase in Criminal Intelligence Anal- the Magtymguly Turkmen State University and the Interna- ysis. Some 11 law enforcement and criminal justice officers tional University for Humanity and Development of Turkmen- (men) from the MoIA and the Supreme Court of Turkmeni- istan. Three international experts from Moldova (1 woman; 2 stan examined the structure, functionality, and capabilities men) introduced the participants to human rights, the con- of two globally used software packages and explored how cept, background, types and functions, as well as respect they can support and enable criminal intelligence analysis for human rights in the context of criminal justice. They dis- within the framework of the ILP model. The training course cussed actions to ensure the right to human liberty at the was organized as part of the TNTD/SPMU ExB project on stage of pre-trial investigation and the rights of suspects and ILP, aiming to enhance the use of intelligence-led policing defendants to fair defence and legal advice. The course was and the Centre’s project on ILP introduction. designed to complement existing educational programmes in the field of human rights protection and criminal proceed- Human Rights and Police ings. It aims to build the capacities of future state officials to Accountability apply international human rights standards, including OSCE gender-related commitments, in their day-to-day work. On 16 and 17 November, jointly with ODIHR, the Centre organized a two-day online seminar on the protection of human rights in penitentiary institutions and the exchange Anti-Corruption of information on prisoners’ rights and freedoms. Some six experts (4 women; 2 men) from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, On 14 and 15 May, the Centre organized the presentation of Moldova, ODIHR, and the NGO Penal Reform Internation- the National Risk Assessment Report on Anti-Money Laun- al presented international standards on treating prisoners, dering and Combating Financing of Terrorism and Prolifera- shared national experiences with probation systems, and tion of Weapons of Mass Destruction (PWMD) in Turkmen-

112  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations CENTRAL ASIA

istan for 2018-2020 and its Risk Management Action Plan ment Report for 2018-2020 and the implementation of the (RMAP) for 2021-2022. Two international experts (1 woman; national Risk Management Action Plan 2021-2022. On 15 1 man), who assisted in drafting the NRA and RMAP in line and 16 July, the experts held a two-day discussion on the with the FATF standards, shared their recommendations process of National Preparation to the Mutual Evaluation of and discussed additional steps necessary for its implemen- Turkmenistan’s AML/CFT system of the Eurasian Group on tation. The event, organized in a blended format, gathered Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism 46 participants (15 women; 31 men) from relevant agencies (EAG). involved in the RMAP implementation process, including, inter alia, Turkmenistan’s Ministry of Finance and Economy In July and August, the Centre provided its expert support (MFE) and its Financial Monitoring Service (FMS), the MoIA, in the elaboration of three subsidiary laws in the AML/CFT the MoD, the GPO, the Central Bank, the Supreme Court, area, including on measures to identify property obtained the State Customs Service (SCS), and the SMS. The second by criminal means or income deriving from the use of such NRA and its RMAP were developed with the assistance of property. The draft documents, developed by an internation- two OSCE international experts (1 woman; 1 man), in close al expert from Belarus (woman) in close co-operation with co-operation with the MFE and its FMS at the policymak- national officials representing the MoIA, the GPO, and the er level, and included consultations with law enforcement, SCS, were submitted for further elaboration to relevant na- FIUs, supervisory bodies, the private sector, and non-gov- tional stakeholders. ernmental organizations. The NRA development represents a comprehensive process that has helped Turkmenistan On 2 November, the Centre completed a cycle of 16 week- identify, assess, and understand the money laundering and ly consultative meetings with 34 representatives (13 wom- terrorist financing risks for the country and develop the ac- en; 21 men) of relevant financial institutions, organized to tion plan to plan resources aimed at ensuring that the risks support the process of National Preparation to the Mutual are mitigated effectively. Evaluation of Turkmenistan’s AML/CFT system by the EAG. An international expert from Latvia (man) shared best prac- On 15 and 16 June, the Centre organized an online sem- tices in preparing for the EAG reporting procedure and dis- inar on advanced experiences in the development of new cussed with the participants relevant national legislative and systems and mechanisms to promote a corruption-free so- strategic documents’ compliance with FATF standards. This ciety facilitated by broadly accessible digital technologies. activity is a direct continuation of the Centre’s support to Two experts from Mongolia and Ukraine (men) presented Turkmenistan in the implementation of its international ob- international standards and best practices in developing ligations in the AML/CFT area, including FATF recommen- anti-corruption legislation and introducing ICT to enhance dations. interagency co-operation efficiency. They also facilitated a discussion on digital dividends in the form of faster eco- In December, the Centre provided international expertise in nomic growth, the creation of more jobs, and innovation. In developing three by-laws in the AML/CFT area and elab- addition, the representative of the GPO presented the na- orating two anti-corruption legal acts. An international ex- tional experience with preventing and combating corruption, pert from Lithuania (man) supported the elaboration of the including by using digital tools. The seminar, organized with- draft Procedure for receiving, analysing information related in the framework of the project Strengthening National Ca- to suspicious and mandatory control received from the pacities in Preventing and Fighting Corruption, was attend- relevant state and non-state authorities of Turkmenistan, ed by 25 representatives (5 women; 20 men) of the MoIA, the Procedure for conducting strategic analysis and the the MFE, the MoJ, the Central Bank, the SCS, the Union of Procedure for training, retraining and advanced training of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, and other State agencies employees of financial monitoring service. In addition, an and non-governmental actors. international expert from Latvia (man) provided support in analysing and elaborating the draft Law of Turkmenistan on On 13 and 14 July, the Centre organized an online seminar anti-corruption expertise of normative legal acts and drafts to present OSCE best practices in risk management relat- of normative legal acts and the draft Rules and methodology ed to AML/CFT to 83 representatives (27 women; 56 men) for conducting of anti-corruption expertise of the legal acts of relevant national partners. The discussion was facilitat- and draft legal acts. The activities are the continuation of ed by two international experts from Latvia and Moldova (1 the Centre’s support to the host country in promoting good woman; 1 man), focusing on exchange of experiences and governance principles and bringing the national legislative lessons learned in implementing national and international system in line with the FATF recommendations and other strategic documents in the AML/CFT area. The participants international standards. discussed the results of the AML/CFT National Risk Assess-

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Gender-based Violence safeguards women’s rights, international standards in the criminalization of domestic violence, and best practices in From 23 to 25 August, the Centre’s implementing partner, preventing and handling domestic violence cases in real the NGO Keyik Okara, conducted the first in a series of three life. Some 23 participants (6 women; 17 men) from relevant seminars aimed at raising awareness of domestic violence, ministries, State bodies, and CSOs participated in the dis- its prevention, and referral mechanisms available to potential cussions. victims. The event, organized within the framework of the project Raising Awareness about Domestic Violence and Assistance to Victims of Domestic Violence, hosted a total Activities Related to Threats of 14 high school students and other individuals interested Posed by Criminal Activity in the subject (11 women; 3 men).

On 7 and 8 September, in the framework of the Centre’s Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT project Supporting Turkmenistan’s efforts in preventing and criminalizing domestic violence, the Centre organized an From 11 January to 18 March and from 19 April to 22 June, online seminar on the prevention and criminalization of do- the Centre supported TNTD-organized ToT seminars for the mestic violence for 14 participants (7 women; 7 men) from Leaders against Intolerance and Violent Extremism (LIVE) relevant ministries and institutions. Three experts (women) online training programme for women and community lead- from Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine presented the do- ers from Central Asia, with the participation of ten trainers (7 mestic violence criminalization process in their countries and women; 3 men) from CS. The seminar prepared regional fa- took part in the discussions on the current state of affairs in cilitators to deliver training courses part of the OSCE’s LIVE Turkmenistan regarding the revision of and amendments to initiative. The initiative seeks to promote context-specific the existing legislation as well as the adoption of a new law efforts against violent extremism across the OSCE area de- criminalizing domestic violence. veloped and led by CS at the grassroots level. Participants strengthened facilitation skills, knowledge, and awareness From 26 to 28 October, the NGO Keyik Okara conducted of concepts covered by the LIVE curriculum. Following the the second in a series of three seminars aimed at raising ToT course, two OSCE-certified trainers helped the Centre awareness of domestic violence, its prevention, and refer- in facilitating a pilot webinar for a national audience on the ral mechanisms available to potential victims. The event, role of youth in preventing the threat of VERLT. attended by 12 participants (7 women; 5 men), composed of high school students and other individuals interested in On 9 April, the Centre held an online meeting with local IOM the subject, was organized within the framework of the pro- representatives to examine areas of future co-operation and ject Raising Awareness about Domestic Violence and As- to ensure no duplication of efforts in assisting Turkmenistan sistance to Victims of Domestic Violence. It also supported in its implementation of the API system. This system will fa- the implementation of the National Action Plan on Gender cilitate the identification of possible FTFs and allow law en- Equality 2021-2025 and, in particular, the development of forcement agencies to prevent their international travel. Turkmenistan’s legal framework on domestic violence, in- cluding a national strategy and an action plan. On 12 April, the Centre supported the online participation of 12 representatives (1 woman; 11 men) of the MoIA, the From 16 to 18 November, the NGO Keyik Okara conducted SBS, the SMS, and the Civil Aviation Agency Turkmenhow- the third and last seminar of the above series, gathering the ayollary (Turkmen Airways) in a roundtable on the Eastern participation of a total of 14 participants (women). Europe Informal Working Group (IWG) on API. The round- table provided information on success stories and best On 25 and 26 November, the Centre organized an online practices related to the establishment of the API from other seminar on developing and introducing training courses fo- OSCE participating States. cused on preventing and responding to domestic violence for law enforcement personnel. Three experts (women) from On 20 and 21 April, the Centre supported the online par- Bulgaria, Kyrgyzstan, and Ukraine facilitated the seminar ticipation of a representative of the MFA at the OSCE-wide and shared experiences from their respective countries. Counter-Terrorism Conference entitled Reinforcing a Com- The event, part of the Centre’s continued assistance to the prehensive Approach to Preventing and Countering Terror- Government of Turkmenistan in fulfilling its gender equali- ism and VERLT in a Changing Landscape, held in Vienna in ty commitments, addressed legislation that protects and a blended format.

114  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations CENTRAL ASIA

On 7 June, the Centre facilitated an introductory meeting lated Organized Crime by Following the Money. The confer- with national stakeholders on implementing the API System ence, organized online by the Swedish OSCE Chair with the in Turkmenistan. The online event was hosted jointly by the support of the TNTD/SPMU, addressed the illicit financial Centre and TNTD/BSMU, and included OSCE experts on flows linked to corruption and money laundering and ex- API and PNR. The event briefly presented the OSCE assis- plored ways for co-ordinated responses at a regional and tance programme to the OSCE participating States, recom- international level with the help of the OSCE as a security mendations for the creation of a roadmap on API system co-operation platform. implementation and received feedback on the host govern- ment authorities’ initial actions taken in this field. The feed- From 12 to 14 July, the Centre organized a three-day train- back helped shape the content of the joint OSCE-IOM sem- ing seminar in Ashgabat to address illicit drugs and chem- inar on possible technical and expert support on API/PNR ical precursors, elaborate on new trends, and analyse the procedures, scheduled for 2022. Co-operation with the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the illegal drug host government on API/PNR issues is maintained within market. The event, led by an international expert from Geor- the framework of the Centre’s project Supporting the Estab- gia (man), was held in a blended format and brought to- lishment of API System in Turkmenistan, and in response to gether 20 representatives (men) of the MoIA, the SBS, the the National Strategy on Preventing Violent Extremism and SCS, and the GPO. The seminar was organized within the Combating Terrorism for 2020-2024. Nine senior officials (2 framework of the Centre’s project Building Capacity of Law women; 7 men) representing the MoIA, the SMS, the SCS, Enforcement and Security Officials of Turkmenistan in Coun- and Turkmenistan Airlines participated in the discussions. tering Transnational Threats Related to Organized Crime and Terrorism. On 29 and 30 October, the Centre supported the participa- tion of 12 representatives (2 women; 10 men) of the Ministry of National Security, the MoIA, the Ministry of Industry and Trafficking in Human Beings Communications, the SBS, the SMS and Turkmenistan Air- lines in the fourth OSCE-wide Seminar on Passenger Data On 22 and 23 November, in co-operation with OSR/CTHB, Exchange, organized by TNTD/BSMU and the UNOCT. The the Centre organized an online seminar to discuss a vic- online meeting brought together passenger data experts tim-centred approach and multi-agency co-operation in from OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-oper- combating THB. A total of six experts (4 women; 2 men) ation. The event aimed to identify the technical assistance from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Turkmenistan presented needs of States in their implementation of UNSCR 2396 measures to strengthen the interagency response to THB (2017), which focuses on preventing the return of FTFs by in light of national and international challenges. They also mandating States to adopt and use both API and PNR data discussed practices and approaches to comprehensive systems to check against national and international watch assistance to THB victims in the OSCE region. Some 22 lists of known and suspected terrorists, in accordance with participants (6 women; 16 men) attended the event, rep- international law and human rights. resenting the Mejlis, the the MoJ, the MoIA, the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare, the GPO, the SBS, the SMS, the On 8 and 9 November, jointly with TNTD/BSMU, the Cen- Supreme Court, the Office of the Ombudsperson, the Bar tre co-operated with IOM in the organization of a seminar Association, the Institute of State, Law and Democracy, the on the state of play of API/PNR System implementation in Women’s Union and youth organizations. Turkmenistan. A total of 12 officers (3 women; 9 men) from various law enforcement and aviation-related agencies dis- cussed the legislative aspects of API and steps needed to Cybercrime and develop a road map towards a National Action Plan. Cyber/ICT Security

In 2021, the Centre launched its co-operation with the Turk- Illicit Drugs and Chemical menistan Institute of Telecommunications and Informatics Precursors (TCII), which led to the establishment of a Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence (CCoE). The project, agreed for imple- On 1 June, the Centre facilitated the participation of eight mentation with the Government of Turkmenistan, aims at officials (men) from Turkmenistan’s MoIA, the MFE, the supporting the host government’s efforts in building cyberse- SCS and the SBS at the 2021 OSCE-wide Conference on curity capacities and strengthening the country’s cyber/ICT Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the Diversion of security in an era of rapidly developing digital technologies. Chemical Precursors: Addressing Drug Trafficking and Re- The CCoE provides a platform for sharing global practices

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in the field of cyber/ICT security, countering cyber threats From 25 to 29 October, the Centre facilitated the participa- and cyberattacks. With state-of-the-art facilities, the CCoE tion of two representatives of the MoIA and one represent- will also strengthen educational and academic research in ative of the State Communications Agency (men) in the on- the field of information security and communication tech- line OSCE training course entitled Introduction into the Dark nologies. This capacity-building project will enhance the Web and Virtual Currencies, organized by TNTD/SPMU. The qualifications of teachers and increase students’ knowledge training provided participants with basic theoretical knowl- and facilitate advanced training of public and private sector edge and practical skills in investigating crimes facilitated by cyber/ICT specialists. the use of the Dark Web and virtual currencies.

Throughout 2021, the Centre was actively collaborating with From 6 to 10 December, the Centre facilitated the participa- the Ministry of Education and senior management of the tion of three officials (men) representing the MoIA, the GPO TCII on logistical and technical matters concerning the pro- and the State Communications Agency in an online training curement of necessary equipment and refurbishment works course on internet investigations and open-source intelli- at the CCoE. The Centre procured necessary computer and gence gathering. Organized within the framework of TNTD/ multimedia equipment, software products, and laid out nec- SPMU ExB project Capacity Building on Combating Cyber- essary internet and network infrastructure. The Centre also crime in Central Asia, the course was developed by ECTEG. helped to develop a Draft Regulation on the CCoE to de- fine its main tasks and responsibilities and officially approve its establishment. In compliance with the project terms, the Border Security and Management / TCII provided a two-room space for the CCoE and appoint- Customs ed a focal point for regular contacts with the Centre`s project staff during the set-up process. The project is pending offi- On 19 and 20 May, the Centre took part in and supported cial launch in 2022. the participation of five officials (men) representing Turkmen- istan’s law enforcement and border security agencies at the On 22 and 23 June, the Centre facilitated the participation second online training course on Identification of Impostors of six officials (1 woman; 5 men) representing the MFA, the at Border Crossing Points, conducted by the TNTD/BSMU. Ministry of National Security, the Turkmenaragatnashyk Developed with the Austrian Federal MoI, this training pro- (State Communications) Agency, the State Cybersecurity gramme aims at advancing the practical skills of border con- Commission, and the TCII in the online third Inter-Regional trol officers to identify potential criminals attempting to cross Conference on Cyber/ICT Security, organized jointly by the borders using false identities. Republic of Korea and the OSCE. Participants learned about the global trends in cyber/ICT security and how to enhance From 2 to 4 June, as part of the ExB project Strengthening co-operation between the OSCE and its Asian Partners for Border Service Capacities in Turkmenistan, the Centre or- Co-operation in this field. ganized an online training course for representatives of Turk- menistan’s border agencies and transport sectors on the From 20 to 24 September, with support from the Centre, facilitation of border-crossing procedures for transit goods three participants (men) from the MoIA and the State Com- through the possible establishment of a single logistics cen- munications Agency attended the first part of a regional ToT tre on the Lapis Lazuli Corridor31. The course brought to- course, conducted online in the framework of the TNTD/ gether 62 participants (6 women; 56 men). Two international SPMU’s ExB project Capacity Building on Combating Cy- (men) and five national experts (1 woman; 4 men) facilitat- bercrime in Central Asia. ed the event, leveraging international and local expertise in trade, transit, and transport facilitation. The experts present- From 27 September to 1 October, the Centre facilitated the ed the concept of establishing a single logistics centre on participation of three experts (men) from the MoIA and the an international transit and transport corridor. The course State Communications Agency at the OSCE training course constituted a platform for discussion of goals and objectives entitled Handling Digital Evidence by First Responders, held for the single logistics centre on the Lapis Lazuli Corridor online in the framework of the TNTD/SPMU’s ExB project and provided opportunities for interaction with stakeholders Capacity Building on Combating Cybercrime in Central Asia. involved in international transport, logistics, and digitalization of transport and transit operations, resulting in a deeper un- derstanding of transport facilitation including security, legal,

31 An international transit route opened in 2018 linking Afghanistan to Türkiye via Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.

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economic and social factors. As a result, the Single Logistics Centre concept was finalized and submitted to the host gov- ernment for consideration and possible adoption. In line with Turkmenistan’s Transport Policy, the course was designed to contribute to the host government’s efforts to make the Lapis Lazuli Corridor operational for the benefit of the wider region, including Afghanistan.

From 27 to 29 July, the Centre organized an online joint Turk- men-Afghan workshop on managing border crossing points located along international maritime, rail, and road corridors. The event brought together 62 participants (9 women; 53 men) from Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, and Turkmenistan. The workshop presented the Single Logistics Centre concept on the Lapis Lazuli Corridor and international best practices to optimize multimodal transit and transport corridors. The workshop was part of the Centre’s efforts to enhance re- gional economic co-operation and connectivity between Af- Ministry of Internal Affairs officials at the OSCE-organized ghanistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Türkiye, and Turkmenistan. Online Training Course on Seaport Security Management and the COVID-19 Pandemic Ramifications, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, 1 November 2021. From 1 to 5 November, the Centre held a training course  Centre in Ashgabat on the modernization of seaport control procedures follow- ing the COVID-19 pandemic. An expert from the United States (man), led the training course that focused on shar- ing experiences on maritime security issues and presenting into the strategy on implementing the Lapis Lazuli Transport modern methods in improving the security responsibilities Corridor in Turkmenistan, commissioned by the Centre. The of law enforcement, border control agencies, port officials, workshop was organized under the ExB project Strengthen- and quarantine agents serving at the Turkmenbashy In- ing Border Service Capacities in Turkmenistan, as part of the ternational Seaport on the Caspian Sea coast. The train- Centre’s ongoing efforts to promote transport connectivity in ing course brought together 22 operational level officers (3 the region. women; 19 men) representing the MoD, the Transport Police of the MoIA, the Ministry of Healthcare and Medical Indus- On 25 and 26 November, the Centre facilitated an online try, the the SBS, the SCS, the SMS, the GPO, as well as roundtable to discuss the development of a comprehensive Turkmendenizderyayollary (Marine Transport Agency) and dog-training manual and define its chapters. The discussion Turkmenbashy International Seaport Administration. Partici- was led by two Swedish experts (men) from the Scandinavi- pants learned about maritime security concepts and respon- an Working Dog Institute, gathering ten canine officers (men) sibilities, port security assessment and planning, emergency from the SBS and the SCS. The activity was organized under preparedness and security administration, as well as threat the ExB project Strengthening Border Service Capacities in identification and response. Turkmenistan, as part of the Centre’s efforts to strengthen the capacity of the national partners in training dogs working On 4 and 5 November, the Centre organized an online work- at the State border. shop to present international best practices on cross-border harmonization of legal and policy frameworks, interoperabili- ty of data exchange systems, transport data infrastructures, and collaboration among diverse public and private stake- holders. The event brought together 77 mid-level govern- ment officials (12 women; 65 men) from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Türkiye, and Turkmenistan. Workshop discussions were led by two experts (men) from Switzerland and the Russian Fed- eration, formulating a set of recommendations to be factored

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Centre in Ashgabat – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 19 Total

46 Analysis of Lessons 11 Learned, Assessments Training 16 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 50%  ACTIVITIES ON  50% by Criminal Activity

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4.10 Programme Office in Bishkek

Introduction

The OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek (POiB), previously the Centre in Bishkek (CiB), was established in 1998 to promote the implementation of OSCE commitments in all three dimensions of comprehensive security, to facilitate the exchange of information, to establish and maintain contacts with local authorities, academia and CS institutions, and to provide support based on the evolving needs and priorities of the Kyrgyz Republic.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

6,811,000 EUR 6,811,000 EUR

4.35% POLICE-RELATED 5.08% POLICE MATTERS PROJECTS** PROGRAMME

296,113 EUR 346,310 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

131 121

POLICE-RELATED POLICE MATTERS PROJECTS PROGRAMME 3.82% 4.13% 5 Total 5 Total

4 Local 4 Local

1 International 1 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek. ** Police Matters Programme is absent in 2021. Police-related projects are “Assis- tance in Further Development of a Service-Oriented Law Enforcement System” and “Assisting the Kyrgyz Republic in Combating Organized Crime and Drug Traf- ficking”.

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The Programme Office supports the host country authorities in developing and reforming the law enforcement system with an emphasis on the rule of law, human rights, gender and multi-ethnic representation across all law enforcement agencies. The POiB furthers these principles through providing expert, methodological and technical assistance to unite and co-ordinate national efforts to counter transnational threats such as organized crime and illicit drug trafficking.

Activities Related to General gerous narratives stemming from extremist groups, exploited Police Development and Reform by its leaders to recruit young people and other vulnerable target groups.

Police Development and Reform Throughout 2021, the POiB supported capacity-building ac- tivities of the MoI MPR Monitoring and Co-ordination Centre On 29 and 30 July, the POiB organized a two-day co-or- and monitored the operation of MPR vehicles. According to dination meeting for representatives of the local mobile the statistics provided by the Centre, the total number of citi- police reception (MPR) Councils, to discuss current issues zens’ visits to the MPR teams has increased up to 25,162 in and possibility to develop MPR activities throughout the Kyr- 2021 in comparison to the 12,813 visits in 2020, pointing to gyz Republic, as highlighted by the results of several public a general increase in citizens’ level of trust towards the po- opinion surveys. Some 50 representatives (22 women; 28 lice. From April to December, MPR vehicles were monitored men) of the local MPR Councils, coming from 27 territorial through GPS trackers, whose subscription fee was entirely police departments as well as participants from the MoI, dis- covered by the POiB. In December, the POiB also assisted cussed MPRs' role in combating domestic violence and pre- the MoI with the procurement of a TV screen to effectively venting gender-based violence, including bride kidnapping monitor MRP vehicles. and forced marriage. In 2021, the POiB assisted the MoI in launching additional six new MPR vehicles. Currently, 50 MPR vehicles, 39 of which were launched with the support of Gender Mainstreaming the POiB, are operating in 46 police departments throughout the country. In December, the POiB supported the organization of a working seminar and conference on sharing good practices From 13 September to 8 October, the POiB supported the of gender mainstreaming in law enforcement agencies, gath- organization of a series of training courses on democratic ering 70 participants (50 women; 20 men) from all over the policing principles, prevention of transnational threats and country. The events, dedicated to the 10th anniversary of the domestic violence for 635 juvenile delinquency inspectors establishment of the Kyrgyz Association of Women Police and community policing officers (120 women; 515 men) (KAWP) and the 5th anniversary of the establishment of the across police departments located in all seven provinces of Kyrgyz Association of Women in Security Sector (KAWSS), the country. The goal of the training courses was to enhance served as a platform to share the results and key achieve- the capacity of participants in the prevention of domestic and ments of the associations over the years and to display gender-based violence, as well as to promote effective com- planned activities for 2022-2023. munication and co-operation between police officers and the communities they serve. Community Policing, Police–Public On 18 November in Osh, and on 23 November in Bishkek, Relations and Crime Prevention the POiB organized two training seminars focused on the prevention and countering of transnational threats, including From 25 to 27 August, the POiB organized a three-day train- VERLT, among the youth for 80 representatives (27 wom- ing course for 15 representatives (6 women; 9 men) of the en; 53 men) of the MoI and the Ministry of Education of the territorial police departments of the MoI on the promotion of Kyrgyz Republic. The purpose of the training seminar was UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security and its im- to strengthen the capacities and knowledge of participants plementation in the Kyrgyz Republic. The goal of the training in actively detecting and preventing cases of violent extrem- course was to enhance the capacities of MoI representatives ism and radicalization among youth. As a result, participants on the subject to further distribute the obtained knowledge in gained the necessary skills to identify and analyse the dan- their respective departments, through activities such as ToTs.

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In November, the POiB provided technical support in estab- lishing two training classes and conducted a training session for 45 participants (12 women; 33 men) from the MoI Acad- emy and the MoI Republican Training Centre on the Unified Crime Registering (UCR) system. The main goal behind the establishment of the training classes was to help participants develop the necessary hard skills to operate the UCR system as well as to provide a practical overview on the system’s da- ta-entering techniques. Ultimately, the introduction to the use of this system aims to help in combating the concealment of crimes such as corruption, robbery, domestic violence and other crimes.

From 14 to 17 December, the POiB supported the MoI Acad- emy in conducting training sessions focused on behaviour during emergency situations by inviting local lecturers and international experts. The training sessions gathered 130 of- ficers (32 women; 98 men) from the MoI Academy and MoI Opening of a computer class at the MoI Academy, Bishkek, 29 Republican Training Centre. The main goal of the training October 2021.  Programme Office in Bishkek courses was to provide the participants with an overview of the available techniques of dialogue with crowds, prevention of conflict situations as well as exit strategies. The training sessions also highlighted the work of MPR vehicles based on the MPR activities during the latest incidents on the Kyr- Other activities, including gyz-Tajik border in the Batken province. co-ordination and co-operation

In November, the POiB facilitated the participation of the Min- Gender-based Violence ister of Interior of Kyrgyzstan and a delegation of Kyrgyz offi- cials at the OSCE HCNM’s 15th Anniversary Conference on From 20 September to 7 October, the POiB supported an the Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies, initiative of the KAWSS on teaching topics such as human held in-person in Vienna. The POiB also facilitated the ex- rights, transnational threats and domestic violence to high change between Kyrgyz MoI officials and representatives of school students. The campaign, covering 1712 high school UN Headquarters’ Police Division, which focused on the cre- students (958 girls; 754 boys) from 15 schools throughout ation of a training centre for UN peacekeepers in Kyrgyzstan. the country, aimed at deepening their knowledge of chil- dren’s rights, domestic violence and transnational threats. Activities Related to Threats From 15 to 19 November, the POiB supported the KAWSS Posed by Criminal Activity with the organization of a four-day working seminar on the topic of State actors’ action in the prevention of domestic violence and the participation of female staff. The event gath- Organized Crime ered 20 representatives (17 women; 3 men) of the Office of the President, the Ombudsman, the Office of the Prosecutor, From June to July, the POiB assisted the MoI with the or- the MoI, the MoD, the Ministry of Health and Social Devel- ganization of a series of induction training seminars for 128 opment and the SBS. The main goal of the seminar was to police officers (11 women; 117 men) across the country. The enhance the capacities of law enforcement agencies in pre- training seminars focused on effective investigation of seri- venting and combating domestic and gender-based violence ous and organized crime cases involving the use of modern in the Kyrgyz Republic. analytical ICT tools, which were introduced in the MoI in 2014 with the POiB’s support. Additionally, the POiB provided server equipment for maintaining the database infrastructure.

To further support the Witness Protection Program within the MoI, the POiB provided technical equipment and soft-

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ware that allows safe and secure connection to more than country were acquainted with the negative consequences of 50 courtrooms across the country. In this field, technologic illicit drug abuse. From March to April, the POiB supported innovations such as voice and image changing features have the organization of seven seminars across the country for illic- improved anonymity provisions, while hardware encryption it drug prevention experts. The initiatives aimed at improving options have ensured high security standards. co-ordination and analysing best practices in the implemen- tation of awareness-raising campaigns in local communities. The POiB also supported the production of awareness-rais- Illicit Drugs and Chemical ing video materials and a practical guidebook for police of- Precursors ficers on countering illicit drug-related crimes, scheduled to be further updated according to recent legislative develop- Throughout 2021, in close co-ordination with the Ministry ments. To enhance anti-drug forensic capabilities of the MoI, of Education and under the guide of the Counter Narcotics in December, the POiB also supported the procurement of Strategy of the Kyrgyz Republic 2021-2025, the POiB sup- special analytical scales and provided maintenance service ported the organization of a total of 12 illicit drug prevention of gas chromatograph equipment. initiatives. As a result, more than 1,500 children across the

Programme Office in Bishkek – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 15 Total

22 Analysis of Lessons 1 Learned, Assessments Training 6 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 50%  ACTIVITIES ON  50% by Criminal Activity

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CENTRAL ASIA

4.11 Programme Office in Dushanbe

Introduction

The OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe (the Office), established as the OSCE Bureau in Tajikistan in 1994, is mandated to assist the Republic of Tajikistan in the formation of modern approaches to security issues and threats. In accordance with the existing OSCE concept on policing, the Office takes measures to build the capacity of law enforcement agencies and assists the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan in the development and reform of the internal affairs bodies.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

7,311,600 EUR 7,311,600 EUR

6.00% POLICE MILITARY 6.77% POLITICAL MILITARY DIMENSION/COUNTER DIMENSION/COUNTER TERRORISM AND POLICE TERRORISM AND POLICE UNIT UNIT

438,390 EUR 494,700 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

128 132 POLICE MILITARY POLITICAL MILITARY DIMENSION/COUNTER DIMENSION/COUNTER TERRORISM AND POLICE TERRORISM AND POLICE 4.69% UNIT 4.55% UNIT

6 Total 6 Total

5 Local 5 Local

1 International 1 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe.

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In 2021, the Police Assistance Project of the Office continued providing support to the MoIA and Drug Control Agency (DCA) in promoting police reform and capacity-building within the law enforcement sector of Tajikistan. According to the newly adopted Police Reform Programme and its Action Plan for the period of 2021–2025, most of the activities that have not implemented during the period of 2013–2020 have been transferred to the Programme and Action Plan currently active.

Activities Related to General Police Development and Reform

Police Reform and Law Enforcement Sector Development In 2021, the Office contributed to the publication of two stra- tegic documents related to the reform and modernization of law enforcement sector in Tajikistan by covering expenses re- lated to layout design and printing of the new Police Reform Programme and its Action Plan for the period of 2021–2025 and the new National Anti-Drug Strategy for 2021–2025.

In 2021, in close co-operation with the Office, the MoIA de- veloped and adopted the legal framework of the new MPR Donation of first Mobile Police Receptions to the MoIA, service, began in October 2020, including operational as- Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, 17 June 2021. pects such as provision of MPR service, job descriptions for  Programme Office in Dushanbe/Farhodjon Nabiyulloev MPR officers, annual schedule of travel to remote communi- ties and templates for reporting and feedback analysis. The Office supported the MoIA with four fully functional mobile of- Within the amended Police Reform Programme and its Ac- fice vans equipped with furniture, laptops, printers and GPS tion Plan for the period of 2021–2025, the Office continued modules. In August and November 2021, the Office also supporting the MoIA by establishing MPRs, contributing to supported the MoIA in conducting four training courses for the expansion of the E-Crime Registration System and pro- MoIA officers who were assigned to MPRs. Some 85 officers moting the work of Public Councils (PCs) at the district level. (3 women; 83 men) participated in four events and gained The Office continued providing support to the DCA to raise required knowledge and skills for operating in MPRs. As a awareness on illicit drug abuse, particularly among youth, result of the piloting process, two MPRs were deployed in and counteracting the proliferation of illicit drugs, by provid- the Kulyab region and districts of Republican Subordination, ing specialized equipment and organizing capacity-building conducting a total of 18 visits and providing legal consulta- training activities. tions for citizens in remote communities.

Having already provided support and expertise to develop the modern E-Crime Registration System, in 2021 the Office supported the expansion of the digital tool in nine districts of Tajikistan. The Office also acquired office furniture and ICT equipment, to be delivered and donated to the MoIA in 2022.

124  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations CENTRAL ASIA

Gender Mainstreaming government officials, regional mass media and PCs mem- bers. Additionally, nine informative bulletins on PCs activities On 12 and 13 March, in line with the cross-dimension- were developed and distributed among regional and district al co-operation between the Office’s politico-military and governmental institutions. Fifteen articles and news items human dimensions and in co-operation with the Japan were published by local journalists about PCs activities in International Cooperation Agency (JICA), the Office or- regional mass media, five reportages about PCs interaction ganized a roundtable on the establishment of a women’s with local MoIA structures were produced and broadcast- association in the law enforcement sector with the aim of ed on regional TV-stations and three talkshows on the work supporting the MoIA’s Women Board. The event, which of MoIA’s territorial police inspectors and the police reform took place in the Varzob district, gathered a total of 30 process were produced and broadcasted on regional TV-sta- participants (27 women; 3 men) from the MoIA, the DCA, tions. Moreover, four information stands on PCs activities the Border Troops, the Anti-Corruption Agency, the Cus- were produced and installed in public places of the Guliston, toms Service, the GPO and the State Committee of Na- Kabodiyan and Vose districts and regional PCs shared their tional Security. Participants stressed the need to establish work and achievements on various social media networks. a women’s association in the law enforcement sector and Finally, eight initiatives such as sport events, advocacy and requested the MoIA’s Women Board to take a leading role educational campaigns were organized and supported with in this process. donations of sports equipment, stationaries, prizes and distri- bution materials. Throughout 2021, the Office also supported five PCs in the Khatlon, Khorog, Khujand, Kulyab and Rasht Community Policing, Police-Public regions by providing a full office package, including stationery Relations and Crime Prevention and access to the internet.

From April to May, in co-operation with the JICA, the Of- fice supported the organization of 10 informative sessions Human Rights and Police in 10 districts of Republic of Tajikistan on the Guidebook Accountability on Interaction between Police and Communities to ensure public order. Four of these training events were held in four From September to December, the Office supported the different district departments of Dushanbe and targeted MoIA in renovating the reception premises of four MoIA territorial police inspectors of the MoIA and PCs members. district departments to ensure professional identification A total of 10 two-day courses were delivered by 4 local ex- procedures and respect for human rights during initial in- perts (men) from the MoIA Academy, involving 153 police terviews. The Office contracted a local company, which officers (25 women; 128 men) and 74 PC members (21 renovated allocated premises and installed two-way mir- women; 53 men). rors, furniture, ICT equipment, as well as CCTV and audio equipment. In 2021, the Office continued to promote its already estab- lished approach of co-operating with implementing partners From 18 to 22 October, the Office organized a five-day to support the activities of regional PCs. In consultation with training course on the practical implementation of mech- the MoIA, the Office contracted three local NGOs as im- anisms for protecting human rights and promoting gender plementing partners, to support the activities of PCs in the aspects in the work of law enforcement agencies. The Khatlon, Kulyab and Sughd regions. As a result, from July to training course was delivered by two local experts (wom- November, 117 meetings were conducted by PCs in co-op- en), one of them a civil lawyer and the other trainer on gen- eration with MoIA district departments across the three re- der mainstreaming aspects. A total of 20 young officers (4 gions and more than 83 active citizens (16 women; 67 men) women; 16 men) of the DCA actively participated in the became members of PCs on a district level. Furthermore, training course and improved their knowledge and skills several public awareness raising campaigns were conducted on human rights and gender mainstreaming in the law en- by regional and district PCs. Among these, seven regional forcement sector. roundtables on police interaction with communities were or- ganized by PCs, involving district level police officers, local

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Activities Related to Threats Posed ing the ministries of justice, interior and foreign affairs, the Supreme Court, the State Committee for National Security, by Criminal Activity the GPO, and the Communication Service. The seminar aimed at helping local stakeholders from law enforcement and judicial bodies to identify the gaps in the national leg- Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT islation and challenges in co-operating with foreign service providers in the framework of the host country’s coun- From April 2020 to June 2021, the Office provided opera- ter-terrorism efforts. tional and legal aid to the host country to revise and update the National Strategy and Action Plan on Countering Ex- tremism and Terrorism for 2021-2025, and align the doc- Illicit Drugs and Chemical ument to relevant OSCE principles and commitments. In Precursors co-operation with UNOCT and relevant OSCE structures, the Office provided comprehensive legal analysis to the From April to June, the Office supported the DCA in rais- draft policy by placing focus on the importance of respect- ing public awareness on illicit drug abuse, including among ing human rights standards. young people, by hiring a professional video-production company to develop and produce a video with the purpose From May to June, the Office pledged technical assistance of raising awareness among youth on illicit drug abuse and to the GPO, Tajikistan’s lead government agency to co-or- its detrimental consequences. As a result, in June, the vid- dinate the implementation of the National Strategy and eo was broadcasted by all national TV-stations as a social Action Plan on Countering Extremism and Terrorism with advertisement and was promoted via social networks. the aim to enhance the institutional capacity of its National Training Centre on countering terrorism and violent extrem- From 14 to 18 June, the Office supported the organization ism. The Office also assisted the GPO in developing a web- of a five-day training course on increasing the knowledge site on the implementation of Tajikistan’s national and inter- and practical skills of operative DCA officers in combating national counter-terrorism obligations, aiming to improve illicit drug trafficking by using ILP. The course was delivered the co-ordination and information exchange mechanisms by three local experts (men) and was attended by 16 of- between domestic and international actors on counter-ter- ficers (men) of operative units of the DCA. rorism issues. From 15 to 17 November, in co-operation with the TNTD/ From 1 to 3 December, the Office delivered a training course SPMU, the Office organized a three-day online training to 18 law enforcement officers (men) from the MoIA, the course for DCA officers on countering trafficking illic- State Committee for National Security, and the GPO. The it drugs via internet and specifics of initial investigations. training course, based on ODIHR’s Practical Manual for law Some 15 officers (men) from the Operations Department enforcement officers Human Rights in Counter-Terrorism and the Investigation Department of the DCA participated Investigations, aimed to provide participants with useful in the training and improved their knowledge on countering tools and concrete guidance on conducting effective coun- illicit drug trafficking with the use of internet. The training ter-terrorism investigations while upholding the respect for course, facilitated by TNTD/SPMU and the Permanent Mis- human rights and avoiding the ill-treatment and torture of sion of the Russian Federation to the OSCE, was delivered terrorist suspects. The training evaluation demonstrated by two trainers (men) from the Siberian Law Institute under that local law enforcement officers improved their skills on the MoIA of the Russian Federation. Participants explored the international legal framework related to the eradication general concepts related to hidden networks, including the of torture and ill-treatment in the context of counter-terror- Darkweb, and addressed the misuse of cryptocurrencies ism investigations. and official payment systems through which illicit drugs can be purchased. Participants also learned about special On 7 and 8 December, jointly with TNTD/ATU and the Ter- investigation techniques used to conduct the seizure and rorism Prevention Branch of UNODC, the Office organized examination of electronic data and ICT devices, including a national needs assessment seminar on requesting elec- audio, photo and video footage and how they fall into the tronic evidence across borders. The event brought togeth- crime scene investigation protocol. er 25 national stakeholders (6 women; 19 men) represent-

126  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations CENTRAL ASIA

Programme Office in Dushanbe – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 43 Total

65 Analysis of Lessons 4 Learned, Assessments Training 18 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 88%  ACTIVITIES ON  12% by Criminal Activity

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CENTRAL ASIA

4.12 Programme Office in Nur-Sultan

Introduction

The OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan (the Office), established as the Centre in Almaty in 1998, promotes the implementation of OSCE principles and commitments, facilitates contacts and exchanges of information, and provides assistance to the government of Kazakhstan on police- related matters.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

2,232,700 EUR 2,232,700 EUR

20.59% POLICO-MILITARY 19.96% POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

459,800 EUR 445,600 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL 28 28

POLITICO-MILITARY POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 14.29% 14.29% 4 Total 4 Total

3 Local 3 Local

1 International 1 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Programme Office in Nur-Sultan.

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In 2021, the Office continued to assist the host country in building its democratic policing capacities and practices. The Office implemented various activities within the ExB project Supporting Police Reform in Kazakhstan, to promote service-oriented policing methods in all regions of the country. Specifically, the Office conducted several training events on community policing for police officers and police academies. Together with the MoIA, the Office's consultant developed SOPs that included communication with citizens and the prevention of VERLT. In co-operation with MIA, the Office established 17 project offices for interagency and community partnership in all of the country’s main cities, aiming to provide a safe environment and prevent crimes. Other areas of key interest included human rights and fundamental freedoms, combating corruption, promoting gender mainstreaming, combating domestic and gender-based violence, financial investigations, AML and confiscation of criminal proceeds, THB, countering illicit drugs, and cybercrime.

Activities Related to General whom were representatives of the MIA, law enforcement of- Police Development and Reform ficers, and healthcare authorities. The event aimed to raise awareness among Kazakhstan’s law enforcement agencies of human rights standards and the applicability of community Police Development and Reform policing techniques within the context of COVID-19 pandem- ic restrictions. On 27 January, the Head of the Office met with the Ambassa- dor of Canada to Kazakhstan to discuss Canada’s participa- On 30 September, in co-operation with the Kazakhstan In- tion in transferring best practices in policing to an online format ternational Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law, the within the framework of an ongoing ExB project Supporting Office initiated a series of webinars on human rights and Police Reform in Kazakhstan. Throughout 2021, experts from freedoms. The first webinar focused on Kazakhstan in the RCMP shared their experiences with police officers, regional context of human rights. Three local experts (1 woman; 2 administration and CS representatives, involved in implemen- men) delivered a presentation on various aspects of human tation of community policing practices in Kazakhstan. rights and challenges faced by human rights defenders in Kazakhstan. The event gathered 46 participants (27 women; On 6 and 7 April, the Office conducted a training course on 19 men) consisting of civil activists, human rights defenders, modern aspects of policing for the first deputy heads of Ka- and representatives of governmental agencies. zakhstan’s 18 police departments as a part of the Office’s ExB project Supporting Police Reform in Kazakhstan. The course, On 8 October, the Office continued the online series of we- held in Almaty in a blended format, gathered a total of 18 binars on human rights and freedoms. The second webinar, police managers (men), trained on service-oriented policing gathering 70 participants (43 women; 27 men), focused on methods, conducting analyses of security challenges within fundamental freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom specific policing areas, and main principles of community po- from torture and other degrading and inhuman treatment, as licing based on current practices in the United Kingdom. A well as freedom of association. Three national experts (men) national expert and an international expert (1 woman; 1 man) provided an overview of existing legislation and mechanisms from the United Kingdom familiarized the participants with for preventing the violation of named freedoms and rights newly developed SOPs for community police officers and and highlighted current challenges from the human rights de- other relevant international policing practices. fender’s point of view.

On 22 October, the Office held the third online webinar, which Human Rights and Police focused on cyberbullying and the rights of youth. Three local Accountability experts (1 woman; 2 men) and 50 participants (27 women; 23 men) discussed different tools for countering cyberbullying, On 18 March, jointly with TNTD/SPMU and ODIHR, the Of- including media literacy and new legislation amendments. fice organized a workshop on law enforcement agencies’ re- sponses to the COVID-19 pandemic and international best On 29 October, in co-operation with the OSCE Programme practices for 20 participants (4 women; 16 men), among Office in Bishkek, the OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe,

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and the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan, the Office on the experiences of EU countries, and studied recommen- organized a regional online conference on human rights pro- dations for eliminating shortcomings in the field of combating tection in Central Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The corruption in the courts of Kazakhstan and increasing the conference, gathering a total of 79 participants (41 women; capacity of judges in this area. 38 men), focused on the human rights challenges during the pandemic, the needs of CSOs, and exchanging experiences On 27 August, jointly with the Law Enforcement Agencies and solutions. Academy under the GPO, the Office concluded a five-day training webinar on modern methods to prevent and combat On 10 November, in co-operation with the Kazakhstan Inter- corruption. The event gathered 50 representatives (10 women; national Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law, the Office 40 men) from the ACA, the GPO, and the Ministry for Emergen- held the fourth and final online webinar on human rights and cy Situations. A national expert and an international expert (1 fundamental freedoms. The webinar, gathering 49 partici- woman; 1 man) discussed the latest trends in anti-corruption pants (31 women; 18 men), focused on the rights of people policy planning and monitoring and evaluation, and reviewed with disabilities and women’s rights. Three national experts modern policy planning tools to combat corruption. Partici- (women) provided an overview of applicable legislation and pants also focused on using internet technologies for assess- mechanisms for preventing the violation of rights of people ing and analyzing corruption instances and examined the legal with disabilities and women’s rights and highlighted current and practical aspects of implementing the analysis of corrup- challenges from the human rights defender’s perspective. tion risks.

Anti-Corruption Gender Mainstreaming

On 14 May, in co-operation with the Atameken National On 22 January, the Office organized the third online webinar Chamber of Entrepreneurs (NEC) and the Anti-Corruption promoting equal participation of women in the military and Agency (ACA) of Kazakhstan, the Office organized a semi- security sector in a series of five training seminars on gen- nar on various aspects of investors and businesses protec- der equality and human rights. The webinar, entitled Women, tion. The event, held in blended format, gathered 23 repre- Peace and Security, was led by two experts (1 woman; 1 sentatives (10 women; 13 men) of the NEC, officers of the man) and brought together 24 representatives (women) from ACA, and private entrepreneurs, and focused on hands-on CSOs, as well as human rights defenders, women entrepre- solutions to protect private entrepreneurs and investors. neurs, students and young professionals. Participants dis- Participants discussed best anti-corruption practices in the cussed the implementation of UNSCR 1325 in the Central commercial sector and the important role of the State in sup- Asian region, the role of gender in arms control, and legis- pressing illegal interference in private businesses. lation of Kazakhstan on the right to enter military and law enforcement services. On 23 July, jointly with the ACA, the Office supported an online discussion on the anti-corruption expert assessment of legal acts for 15 representatives (8 women; 7 men) from Community Policing, Police-Public the ACA, academic institutions and CSOs. The discussion Relations and Crime Prevention focused on various aspects of drafting regulatory acts, the features of anti-corruption expert assessment and the imple- On 5 and 6 February, the Office facilitated a two-day round- mentation modalities. Participants also discussed practical table in Burabay on future perspectives of service-oriented examples of conducting anti-corruption expert assessment approaches to policing. The event, held in a blended format, and risk categories in reference to linguistic formulations, leg- brought together 26 representatives (5 women; 21 men) from islative coherence and access to information. the MIA, the Akimat (local administration) of the Karaganda region, CS, and international organizations. The discussion On 30 July, jointly with the Supreme Court of the Republic was supported by UNDP, UNODC, the United States Embas- of Kazakhstan, the Office organized a training webinar on sy to Kazakhstan, and the Embassy of Canada to Kazakh- anti-corruption capacity-building for 30 judges (8 women; 22 stan. Two international experts (men) from Argentina and the men) of Kazakhstan’s Supreme Court, regional and district United Kingdom presented international strategies in crime courts. Participants focused on the existing challenges of the and disorder reduction and the role of police educational in- anti-corruption system in Kazakhstan’s judicial system. They stitutions in the implementation of the service approach to reviewed best international anti-corruption practices based policing, using examples from the United Kingdom.

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On 12 March, jointly with the MIA, the Office organized the Safer Communities in Kazakhstan Forum as part of the ExB project Supporting Police Reform in Kazakhstan. The event aimed at unifying government bodies’ and NGOs’ efforts to develop sustainable and safe communities in Kazakh- stan. The event gathered 50 representatives (12 women; 38 men) of governmental institutions, NGOs and private sector companies. International experts from Argentina, Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States shared experiences of their countries in maintaining safe and com- fortable conditions for their citizens, promoting police reforms and establishing a dialogue with the public. Similar forums are envisaged to take place twice a year.

On 7 and 8 June, within the framework of the ExB project Supporting Police Reform in Kazakhstan, the Office conduct- ed a training course on community policing approaches. The A district police officer interacting with local communities course, held in Almaty, gathered 20 participants (7 women;13 during a shift, Shymkent, Kazakhstan. men), members of the interagency group of experts represent-  Ministry of Internal Affairs of Kazakhstan

ing the Almaty Police Department, Almaty city Prosecutor’s Of- fice, Almaty city Akimat (local administration), and CSOs. Three national experts (2 women; 1 man) focused on the main as- lovsk, Shymkent, Taldykorgan, Taraz, Turkestan and Ust- pects of community policing approaches and the importance Kamenogorsk. The workshops gathered 200 representatives of creating partnerships in ensuring security. They conducted (50 women; 150 men) from the police, the GPO, and the brainstorming exercises on how to apply the lessons learned health and education sector, as well as representatives from from the Karaganda pilot project, implemented in 2021. CS. Six national and international experts (2 women; 4 men) discussed police strategies in OSCE participating States, From 28 to 30 September, the Office conducted a training including the community policing model, problem-oriented event on community policing for 10 police officers (men) in approaches, the work of partnerships on crime reduction, the Pavlodar region. Within the ExB project Supporting Po- and SOPs in daily police work. lice Reform in Kazakhstan, the Office launched a pilot project on community policing in Karaganda. The training event held On 21 and 22 December, the Office conducted a training in Pavlodar served to share knowledge and to extend the seminar in Nur-Sultan on community policing for the newly community policing model from the Karaganda region to all established interagency group of 15 representatives (male) 17 of Kazakhstan’s provinces. from the police, the Akimat (local administration), the GPO, the social protection and health and education sector, as From 22 to 29 October, within the framework of the ExB well as representatives from CS. On December 23, the Office project Supporting Police Reform in Kazakhstan, the Office conducted a training event in Nur-Sultan for 30 district police conducted a series of two-day training events on community officers (men) to introduce the SOPs into police work and policing in the cities of Aktau, Atyrau and Uralsk. The events the community policing model. Both events were conducted gathered a total of 155 representatives (46 women; 109 men) within the framework of the ExB project Supporting Police from the police, the GPO, the social protection and health Reform in Kazakhstan. and education sector, as well as representatives from CS. Seven national and international experts (3 women; 4 men) discussed police strategies in OSCE participating States, Gender-based Violence including the community policing model, problem-oriented approaches, the work of partnerships on crime reduction, On 25 November, jointly with the National Commission for and SOPs in daily police work. Women, Family and Demographic Policy under the President of Kazakhstan (National Commission) and UN Women, the From 10 to 30 November, within the framework of the ExB Office organized the opening event of the 16 Days of Activ- project Supporting Police Reform in Kazakhstan, the Office ism against Gender-Based Violence campaign. The confer- conducted a series of training workshops on community po- ence brought together 52 participants (36 women; 16 men) licing in the cities of Almaty, Kostanay, Kyzylorda, Petropav- from the National Commission, several line ministries and

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governmental agencies, CSOs, the media and representa- the GPO and is used by law enforcement officers in their tives of the international community. training and re-training activities. The learning modules in- cluded topics such as money laundering, internal investiga- On 25 November, the Office launched the 16 Days of Activism tion in banks, the role and capabilities of FIUs, national and against Gender-Based Violence campaign, joining a group international co-operation, open-source information, search, of international and diplomatic representations in the host arrest and confiscation of criminal proceeds abroad, as well country. The Head of Office, along with the heads of more as the confiscation of proceeds of crime. The United States than 35 international organizations, signed a joint statement Embassy to Kazakhstan and UNODC also participated in the against gender-based violence and participated in a video development of the course. awareness raising video. The Office also commissioned the broadcasting of two radio advertisements to be aired three times a day from 25 November to 10 December, in Russian Illicit Drugs and Chemical and Kazakh, to a countrywide audience. The advertisements Precursors served to raise awareness about crisis centers and the na- tional hotline number for victims of domestic violence. On 19 January, the Office participated in an online co-ordina- tion meeting with representatives of INL of the United States Embassy to Kazakhstan and the Law Enforcement Agencies Public Order and Crisis Academy under the GPO, to discuss the implementation of Management a project on countering illicit drug-related money launder- ing proceeds. The project aims to build the capacity of law From 11 to 29 October, jointly with the Law Enforcement enforcement agencies to detect and prosecute criminals Agencies Academy under the GPO, the Office organized two involved in international illicit drug-related money laundering five-day training events on managing crisis situations. The activities in the country. events gathered 60 representatives (3 women; 57 men) of the Law Enforcement Agencies Academy under the GPO, On 19 February, jointly with representatives of the United the Service for Economic Investigations, the Financial Moni- States Embassy to Kazakhstan, the Law Enforcement Agen- toring Agency, the ACA, the Regional Prosecutor Offices and cies Academy under the GPO, and the expert support of 15 (men) members of the Law Enforcement Presidential Re- UNODC, the Office organized an online preparatory round- serve. Two national experts (women) familiarized participants table discussion on illicit drug-related anti-money laundering. on subjects such as the nature of crisis situations, tech- Together with an international expert (man) from Belarus, niques to manage emotional tensions, profiling in commu- 12 representatives (3 women; 9 men) of law enforcement nication, the assessment of external behaviour of dialogue agencies discussed the way forward in implementing training participants, and behavioural signs of persons concealing activities for law enforcement officers of Kazakhstan. These criminal intentions. The experts also familiarized the law en- activities aim to build the capacity of law enforcement agen- forcement specialists with specific situational case studies, cies to detect and prosecute criminals involved in interna- such as mass gatherings, crowds, including its types and tional illicit drug trade-related money laundering activities in formation mechanisms, and psychological influence meth- the country. ods of such phenomena. On 16 April, jointly with representatives of the United States Embassy to Kazakhstan, the Law Enforcement Agencies Activities Related to Threats Academy under the GPO, and the expert support of UN- Posed by Criminal Activity ODC, the Office supported and participated in the second online preparatory roundtable discussion on illicit drug-re- lated money laundering. Together with an international ex- Organized Crime pert (man) from Belarus, 14 representatives (3 women; 11 men) of law enforcement agencies shared their views on On 25 January, the Office finalized video recordings of the the further development of training exercises on countering online training course on AML/CFT. The course, targeting illicit drug-related money laundering and discussed practical government officials responsible for combating money laun- steps to build the capacity of law enforcement agencies to dering, was developed by a pool of national experts from detect and prosecute criminals involved in international illicit the Financial Monitoring Committee, State Revenues Com- drug-related money laundering activities. mittee, and the Law Enforcement Agencies Academy under

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From 28 to 30 July, the Office organized a three-day expert Trafficking in Human Beings meeting to develop a scenario to use in simulation exercises on countering illicit drug-related money laundering in Almaty. On 29 January, in co-operation with the Law Enforcement The meeting was organized in co-operation with UNODC, the Agencies Academy under the GPO, the Office organized a United States Embassy to Kazakhstan, the Law Enforcement roundtable discussion on countering THB and labour ex- Agencies Academy under the GPO, and the Central Asian ploitation in the CIS. The event, gathering 43 representatives Regional Information and Co-ordination Centre for Combating (12 women; 31 men) of law-enforcement agencies, GPOs Illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances throughout the country, CS, and academia, focused on re- and their Precursors (CARICC). The event, focusing on the lat- gional state obligations in the field of combating THB and est trends in illicit drug-related money laundering, gathered 20 the importance of strengthening regional co-operation be- participants (5 women; 15 men), among whom were police of- tween law enforcement agencies and NGOs. Four experts ficers, prosecutors, representatives of the Financial Monitoring (1 woman; 3 men) from Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan Agency, the Law Enforcement Agencies Academy under the presented good practices in counteracting organized crime GPO, CARICC, and the Almaty and Karaganda police acad- related to THB in their respective countries. The Head of Of- emies. An international expert (man) facilitated the discussion fice also addressed the participants, outlining the importance sessions, co-ordinated the group’s efforts in preparation of of joint efforts in combating THB to ensure the security and the scenario of simulation exercises, and highlighted the latest safety of the most vulnerable. tendencies in the field in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 29 and 30 June, the Office supported a training seminar On 29 and 30 September, jointly with the Law Enforcement for prosecutors of the Akmola region on investigative tech- Agencies Academy under the GPO, the Office organized an niques and methods to address criminal cases related to online seminar on countering crimes related to clandestine THB. The online discussion, organized jointly with the Law illicit drug laboratories. The event gathered 100 represent- Enforcement Academy under the GPO, gathered 16 partici- atives (5 women; 95 men) of law enforcement agencies re- pants (5 women; 11 men). Two international experts (women) sponsible for countering crimes related to illicit drugs from from Lithuania and Ukraine presented legislative experience different regions of Kazakhstan. The seminar provided an and best practices in combating all forms of THB. They dis- overview of the threat posed by clandestine illicit drug lab- cussed the methodology for the supervision of criminal cas- oratories. One national and two international experts (men) es related to THB, identifying victims, and public prosecution from the United States and Georgia discussed features of challenges during judicial interrogation and trial processes. the methodology for investigating crimes related to such lab- oratories in Kazakhstan, the features of amphetamine-type On 20 September, the Office supported the launch of a se- stimulants production in clandestine drug laboratories, and ries of video courses on AML and combating THB, aimed the experience in the United States in detecting, investigat- at building the training capacity of the Law Enforcement ing, and preventing crimes related to clandestine illicit drug Agencies Academy under the GPO. Seven national experts laboratories. (2 women; 5 men) took part in the course, developed in partnership with the United States Embassy to Kazakhstan, From 16 to 19 November, in co-operation with the United focusing on enhancing the knowledge of law enforcement States Embassy to Kazakhstan, the Law Enforcement Acade- practitioners towards the investigation and prosecution of fi- my under the GPO, UNODC, and with support from CARICC, nancial crimes and THB. The material is expected to become the Office organized a simulation exercise on countering illicit part of the education curricula and be administered through drug-related money laundering. A total of 23 participants (5 the Law Enforcement Agencies Academy’s distance learning women; 18 men) among whom were police officers, prose- system under the GPO. cutors, and representatives of the Financial Monitoring Com- mittee of the Ministry of Finance, took part in this live-action From 11 to 15 October, jointly with the OSR/CTHB, the Unit- training event. The training exercise, conducted under the ed States Embassy to Kazakhstan, the UNHCR National guidance of an international expert (man), was developed for Office in Kazakhstan, and the Law Enforcement Agencies law enforcement officers involved in investigating, prosecut- Academy under the GPO, the Office organized the second ing and adjudicating cases related to laundering the proceeds national simulation exercise in Almaty on combating THB derived from illicit drug trafficking. Participants learned how along migration routes. The live-action exercise gathered 83 to co-operate effectively between national and international professionals (37 women; 46 men) from law enforcement, competent institutions by working on a simulated case. labour inspectorates, migration authorities, prosecutor offic- es, NGOs, and public social services. The training exercise offered to front-line responders the opportunity to simulate

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real-life anti-trafficking responses by using actors to create From 21 to 24 September, jointly with the Law Enforcement trafficking scenarios. Among the simulated scenarios, a ficti- Agencies Academy under the GPO, the Office organized tious brothel, a massage parlour, a construction site, and an two online training seminars on countering cybercrimes in agricultural field were re-created to simulate THB cases of Kazakhstan. Two international experts (men) from Belarus labour and sexual exploitation. familiarized participants with the concept, spread, and con- sequences of cyberattacks, the methodology for investigat- ing cybercrimes associated with the creation and distribution Cybercrime and of malware, and forensics and malware examination. They Cyber/ICT Security also covered the creation and distribution of malicious pro- grammes and the process of collecting digital evidence. The From 26 to 30 April, jointly with the Law Enforcement Acad- course gathered 40 law enforcement officers (2 women; 38 emy under the GPO, the Office organized two online training men) and focused on best international practices in criminal seminars to counter cybercrimes in Kazakhstan. Some 25 cases related to internet fraud and mutual legal assistance in police officers and prosecutors (5 women; 20 men) learned criminal cases related to internet fraud. about the criminological characteristics of computer crimes using cyber/ICT tools, their criminal and legal qualification, On 22 and 23 November, jointly with the Law Enforcement and international legal classification of these crimes. Two Academy under GPO, the Office organized another online experts (men) from Belarus shared advanced knowledge of training seminar on countering cybercrimes in Kazakhstan. cybercriminal profiles and investigation techniques. Two international experts (men) from Belarus familiarized par- ticipants with the concept of digital identity, its use by cyber- From 26 to 28 May, jointly with the Law Enforcement Acade- criminals, the criminal definition of identity theft, and related my under the GPO, the Office organized a webinar on parallel case studies. The course gathered 30 law enforcement of- financial investigations and the role of cryptocurrencies dur- ficers (7 women; 23 men) and focused on the motives, ob- ing cybercrime investigations. Four international experts from jectives, structure and dynamics of such crimes. Belarus, Israel, and Slovenia (men) discussed the organiza- tion of parallel financial investigations aimed at proving mon- From 23 to 25 November, in co-operation with the Law En- ey laundering with a focus on the international standards, forcement Academy under the GPO, UNODC, and other key challenges and ways to improve domestic interagency partners, the Office organized a seminar on the use of infor- co-operation. They shared their expertise on investigative mation technologies in financial crimes investigations and in- techniques with specific relevance to financial investigations ternational co-operation. The event gathered 50 participants and money laundering typologies and presented case stud- (8 women; 42 men) from the law enforcement agencies of ies to showcase key lessons for conducting a successful fi- Kazakhstan and focused on different countries’ experiences nancial investigation. They also discussed cryptocurrencies on establishing a proper response to financial crimes, includ- and their use in civil circulation, seizure and arrest of bitcoins ing through effective international co-operation and the use during the investigation of cybercrimes, and the international of information technologies. Participants also learned about legal regulations on combating crimes related to the use of the importance of parallel financial investigations, analytical cryptocurrencies. The event gathered a total of 40 law en- tools, and examined case studies on countering the phe- forcement officials (12 women; 28 men) from Armenia, Bela- nomenon of financial schemes. rus, Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Border Security and Management / From 8 to 10 June, jointly with the Almaty Police Academy, Customs the Office organized an online webinar on countering cyber- crimes and the importance of cyber/ICT security. The webi- From 5 to 23 July, the Office organized a practical training nar was led by an expert (man) from Belarus and gathered 19 course for the divers of the Border Service’s Coast Guard. high-level police officers (men) from all regions of Kazakhstan The three-week training course, held in Aktau, was designed and the MIA. Participants discussed current threats to infor- to enhance the Coast Guard’s professional capacity to coun- mation system security and ways to address them, Darknet ter transnational threats related to underwater environment. networks, smart and blockchain technologies, and the use of A certified national diving instructor (man) familiarized the information technologies as a means to improve the efficien- group of 22 Coast Guard divers (1 woman; 21 men) with cy of the operational investigative work of police units. the international and national diving standards, specifics of underwater activities in different water environments, and personal safety features during diving operations at different

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depths. Participants performed a variety of practical exercis- border control officers to develop their functional capabilities es in both closed and open water environments and were and teaching techniques. Participants worked with samples instructed on the proper use of diving gear and equipment. of real and forged travel documents in order to analyse and assess their authenticity, and illuminated magnifiers and From 8 to 12 November, in co-operation with the Border USB-digital microscopes to further hone their skills in their Guard Service under the National Security Committee, and areas of expertise. with support from the TNTD/BSMU, the Office conducted a refresher course for 20 document security instructors (3 On 13 December, the Office signed a donation agreement women; 17 men) of the Border Guard Service. The three- with the Border Guard Service of the National Security Com- stage series of training events, held in Almaty, was aimed at mittee, in Nur-Sultan. The Head of Office handed over 200 de- developing the officers’ capacities in detecting falsified trav- vices for verifying travel document authenticity. The handover el documents. The workshops included new trends in facial event was organized in the context of the Office’s multi-year recognition and photo comparison, presentation techniques, programme to build the Border Guard Service’s capacity in and practical exercises on different means of detecting travel document security and enhance the national security forged or counterfeit passports using various identification of Kazakhstan. The Deputy Director of the Border Service techniques, risk profiling, and picture-to-picture compari- underlined the importance of the co-operation between the son methods. Two international experts (men) from Austria two organizations and reaffirmed openness and willingness to provided equipment and practical guidance that allowed the continue this co-operation with the Office in 2022.

Programme Office in Nur-Sultan – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 18 Total

53 Analysis of Lessons 0 Learned, Assessments Training 35 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 60%  ACTIVITIES ON  40% by Criminal Activity

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CENTRAL ASIA

4.13 Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan

Introduction

The OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan (PCUz), established in 2006, supports the host country authorities in strengthening AML/CFT in line with the recommendations of the FATF. Since 2012, the PCUz’s core activities in combating money laundering and terrorism financing have been established on a risk-based approach and have focused on capacity-building for the FIU of the GPO and staff of the financial institutions and other institutions engaged in AML/CFT measures.

BUDGET (UB)* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL

2,499,200 EUR 2,499,200 EUR

28.92% POLICO-MILITARY 24.83% POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

532,200 EUR 504,900 EUR

POLICE-RELATED POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES

190,564 EUR 115,709 EUR

STAFF* 2021 2020 TOTAL TOTAL 41 40

POLITICO-MILITARY POLITICO-MILITARY ACTIVITIES ACTIVITIES 14.63% 15.00% 6 Total 6 Total

5 Local 5 Local

1 International 1 International

* Figures on budget and staff provided by the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan.

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Since 2007, the PCUz has been providing assistance to the Police Academy under the MoI to improve the Academy’s training potential. Special attention has been paid to the re-training and professional development of specialists responsible for crime prevention in the areas of terrorism, extremism, illicit drug trafficking and THB.

Since 2008, the PCUz has been working closely with the National Centre for Drug Control (NCDC) in supporting the implementation of national strategies and policies on fighting illicit drug circulation. In 2013, the PCUz and the NCDC signed a MoU designed to improve joint efforts to address illicit drugs and related transnational organized crime. Since 2016, the PCUz has also been working to assist national authorities in promoting human rights compliant national counter-terrorism policies and in building the country’s capacity to P/C VERLT.

Activities Related to General On 20 August, the PCUz organized an online kick-off meet- Police Development and Reform ing between the ACA and the Open Data Charter (ODC).32 Two representatives (women) from ODC presented an open data mapping exercise to four participants (1 woman; 3 men) Police Development and Reform from the ACA, aiming to increase the ACA’s capacity to pre- vent corruption and spot possible corruption cases via open From 3 to 24 February, the PCUz launched a series of work- data. The PCUz supported this activity in the framework of shops on corporate governance and compliance applicable the project Support to Development of an Effective Open to the specifics of State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Uzbek- Data Ecosystem in Uzbekistan, aiming to integrate open istan, aimed to introduce best practices in corporate govern- data in anti-corruption strategies, policies, and practices ance and compliance from the OSCE area into the Uzbeki- through the establishment of data governance frameworks. stan SOEs context. The workshops were provided for state regulators of the State Assets Management Agency, An- ti-monopoly Committee, and the ACA, as well as senior and Community Policing, Police–Public middle management of the nine largest SOEs. They were de- Relations and Crime Prevention veloped and presented by a team of international corporate governance and compliance experts from the Basel Institute On 14 and 15 December, jointly with the Ombudsperson for of Governance and the United Kingdom-based Nestor Advi- Children’s Rights and the National Center for Human Rights sors company. The workshops gathered 75 participants (15 of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the PCUz organized an event women; 60 men), highlighting how to build efficient corporate to promote and implement effective methods of crime pre- governance mechanisms while acknowledging international vention among youth and children. The event gathered 30 anti-corruption and antitrust compliance standards. participants (11 women; 19 men) from the Senate, MoIA, prosecutors, international organizations, academic societies, On 3 June, jointly with the CPC, the PCUz organized a work- and CSOs. During the sessions, speakers and participants shop on strengthening parliamentary financial oversight of accentuated the significance of prevention in supporting the security sector in Uzbekistan. The event gathered 20 adolescents and shared innovative practices for working members (2 women; 18 men) of relevant committees of the with offenders who are minors. Experts discussed challeng- Legislative (lower) Chamber and Senate (upper chamber) of es for online education during the COVID-19 pandemic as the Oliy Majlis (parliament) of Uzbekistan and parliamentary well as gender issues, and shared good practices from the staff. Participants discussed the main principles and actors OSCE area. The two-day roundtable was part of a series of of financial oversight in the security sector, the role of parlia- roundtable discussions within PCUz’s project entitled Assis- ment in different phases of budget cycle, the use of parlia- tance in the Crime Prevention by Children and Youth. The mentary powers and tools for financial oversight, as well as project’s overall goal is to strengthen national capacity to the oversight of security-related procurement. promote effective methods of crime prevention among youth

32 The Open Data Charter is a collaboration between over 150 governments and organizations working to open up data based on a shared set of principles. More information available at: https://opendatacharter.net/

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Activities Related to Threats Posed by Criminal Activity

Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT

On 12 February, the PCUz organized a meeting with the GPO of Uzbekistan to discuss activities to be carried out within the framework of the projects entitled Assistance to the Republic of Uzbekistan in Countering Terrorism, Phase 3, and Capacity Building on Combating Cybercrime in Central Asia. The discussion focused on capacity-building activities in both thematic areas.

On 20 and 21 April, the PCUz supported the participation of the eight representatives (2 women; 6 men) of the state Training on social integration and rehabilitation of families agencies, law enforcement and CS at the 2021 OSCE Coun- of FTFs returning from Syria and Iraq with participation of ter-Terrorism Conference on Reinforcing a Comprehensive representatives of local authorities, law enforcement agencies Approach to Preventing and Countering Terrorism and VER- and local communities, Nurafshan city, September 2021. LT in a Changing Landscape, held in Vienna in a blended  Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan format. During the conference, the representatives of Uzbek- istan learned about the importance of enhancing internation- al co-operation in P/C VERLT and terrorism, to discuss and by strengthening social integration and teaching legal fun- exchange good practices, and to discover ways to address damentals about criminal law, gender sensitivity, and youth/ these challenges. children rights. On 7 and 8 June, jointly with the Centre for Retraining of Journalists, the PCUz organized a national workshop for me- Gender-based Violence dia professionals from the press services of the MoIA and the National Guards of Uzbekistan. The workshop, held in Tash- On 13 and 16 August, jointly with the Commission on Gen- kent, gathered 13 media professionals (3 women; 10 men). der Equality, Committee on Women and Gender Issues of Participants sharpened their skills in modern multimedia the Senate, the PCUz organized two roundtables to discuss technologies aimed at better outreach, particularly among national good practices and challenges in women’s participa- youth, and learned how to involve citizens in P/C VERLT. tion in the prevention of violent extremism and other crimes affecting women such as THB and domestic violence. Par- From June to September, jointly with the NGO Barqaror ticipants also discussed issues related to the prevention of Hayot, the PCUz organized a series of training sessions to transnational crimes committed by women, the reintegration promote a whole-of-society and whole-of-government ap- of women released from prisons and returning from conflict proach to P/C VERLT, with focus on the rehabilitating and areas, and systematic work with women with a criminal re- reintegrating returnees from Syria and Iraq. The events cord, to identify measures aimed at preventing any form of took place in Andijan, Bukhara, Fergana, Gulistan, Karshi, violence against women that could lead to crime. The two Namangan, Samarkand, Termez, Tashkent, Urgench and events, which took place in Nukus and Termez in a blend- Tashkent region, gathering a total of 548 participants (333 ed format, gathered 60 representatives (35 women; 25 men) women; 215 men). The aim of the training sessions was to from the Departments of Internal Affairs of Kashkadarya and improve intra-agency co-operation among all state and non- Surkhandarya regions and CSOs. The events highlighted state actors responsible for rehabilitation and reintegration of that effective national legislation combined with well-func- returnees from Syria and Iraq. Particular attention was given tioning policy measures is key to all preventive efforts on to the development of the methodology for working with the female criminality, including radicalization, and showcased target group, taking into account psychosocial characteris- Uzbekistan’s promising experience in the re-integration of tics and needs, distribution of the responsibilities between women returning from the conflict zones as well as existing the involved parties, development of the mechanisms for international practices.

138  Police-Related Activities of Field Operations CENTRAL ASIA

monitoring and evaluation of the rehabilitation programs, and Measures (CBMs) and why CBMs are a powerful tool for development of a unified strategy based on an analysis of building confidence and co-operation in the cyberspace. each region. From 15 to 17 December, the PCUz supported the third From 15 to 17 September, jointly with the TNTD/ATU, the cycle of a three-day training course for police officers and PCUz organized the Expert Dialogue on Age- and Gen- prosecutors on the seizure of cryptocurrencies during inves- der-Sensitive Approaches to Returning FTFs’ Family Mem- tigations of cybercrimes. The course was preceded by two bers with the participation of the OSCE field operations in training courses focused on (i) criminal law and criminological Central Asia. The event, held in a blended format, brought characteristics of computer crimes, and (ii) methods for de- together government and international experts, academics, tecting and investigating criminal offenses committed using policy-makers and CS from across the OSCE area, to dis- information and communication technologies, conducted cuss the treatment of FTFs, including their prosecution, reha- between October and November. As cybercrime is grow- bilitation and reintegration into society. Six representatives (2 ing in Central Asia, the main goal of the third cycle training women; 4 men) from the NGO Barkaror Hayot, the GPO, the course, held in Tashkent, was to increase the capacity of Uz- State Security Service, the Committee on Religious Affairs bekistan’s law enforcement officers on the subject matter. A under the Cabinet of Ministers and the Institute for Strategic total of 20 participants (1 woman; 19 men) explored interna- and Regional Studies under the President of the Republic of tional best practices in preventing cybercrime and facilitating Uzbekistan took part at the event, and provided experience investigations, including practical activities, technological use on the rehabilitation and reintegration of FTFs’ family mem- and special software, to enhance the awareness of key secu- bers. rity challenges in the cyber space.

From 20 to 24 September, jointly with ODIHR, the PCUz or- ganized a ToT course focused on the prevention of human Illicit Drugs and Chemical rights violations in effective counter-terrorism policing. The Precursors course, held in Tashkent, gathered eight experts (3 women; 5 men) from the Police Academy, the Academy of the GPO, From 6 to 8 December, the PCUz supported an online ad- the Tashkent State Law University, and the National Human vanced training course organized by the Siberian Law Insti- Rights Centre to be trained as instructors. The training pro- tute of the MoIA of the Russian Federation for 16 represent- gramme explored a broad range of human rights questions atives (men) of the MoIA of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The related to practical aspects of the work carried out by coun- training course was aimed at developing and improving the ter-terrorism law enforcement officers. The training course skills of anti-drug divisions specialists in countering illicit drug highlighted practical setbacks that counter-terrorism policing trafficking. During the three-day event, participants learned may face if implemented in violation of human rights but also about modern investigative techniques and the operational how the observance of international human rights standards search aspects of countering illicit drug trafficking, including contributes to the overall effectiveness of such investigations. the use of cyber/ICT technologies.

Cybercrime and Cyber/ICT Security

From 3 to 30 September, jointly with the Softline Educational Centre, the PCUz organized basic and advanced cyber/ICT security training courses for 30 specialists (men) of the Na- tional Guards, the MoD, and the State Customs Committee. From 8 to 29 October, another training series took place and gathered 45 ICT specialists (3 women; 42 men) representing the MoD, the National Guard and Tashkent State Technical University. During the training courses, participants enhanced their level of cyber/ICT competencies and learned about re- cent challenges in the cyber/ICT security field. Participants also learned about OSCE Cyber/ICT Confidence-Building

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Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 12 Total

29 Analysis of Lessons 0 Learned, Assessments Training 17 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 28%  ACTIVITIES ON  72% by Criminal Activity

140 Appendices

141 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

APPENDIX 1

ODIHR Annual Report on Police-Related Activities for 2021

Introduction

The Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) provides assistance to OSCE participating States in the implementation of their human dimension commitments. In doing so, ODIHR works with governments and CS to promote, in close co-operation with other OSCE executive structures and international organizations, compliance of policing practices with fundamental principles of democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and tolerance and non- discrimination.

Activities Related to General Gender Mainstreaming Police Development and Reform In June, following a request by the OSCE Mission to Skopje, during a workshop on institutional change based on gender Human Rights and Police equality, ODIHR delivered a presentation on the Gender & Security Toolkit: Tool 2 on Policing and Gender to 20 senior Accountability police officers (15 women; 5 men) from different departments Since its release in May, ODIHR promoted the Principles within the National Police. The workshop targeted those on Effective Interviewing for Investigations and Information units and departments with the lowest numbers of women Gathering. Based on rigorous science and experience of police officers, dealing with serious and organized crime, criminal investigators, the Principles provide guidance and border security management and migration, cybercrime and solutions to law enforcement and other criminal justice ac- digital forensics. tors on moving away from confession based criminal justice systems, thereby reducing the risks of coercion, torture and In September, in co-operation with the OSCE Presence in other ill-treatment. On 2 June, ODIHR and the Swedish Chair Albania, ODIHR supported efforts from Albania’s MoI and the supported the Swiss and Danish Permanent Representations Albanian State Police in establishing the first association of to the OSCE with the organization of an online conference on women police officers. For this purpose, ODIHR reached out Torture Prevention in the Criminal Justice System: the role to the European Network of Women in Police and jointly with and responsibilities of police and other law enforcement. the OSCE Presence in Albania, organized a dedicated event The conference offered an opportunity to introduce the new entitled Advancing gender equality within and through police Principles and discuss the relevance of human rights-based services: exploring models of associations of women in po- interviewing techniques and of promoting an institutional cul- lice, which gathered 15 women police officers. ture that is human rights compliant and gender-sensitive with a range of stakeholders, including participating States, law In 2021, ODIHR also commissioned a comparative study on enforcement practitioners and CSOs. A document compiling women police officers associations in the OSCE area, pro- recommendations from the conference at the policy, national viding in-depth analysis of their legal and decision-making legal framework, and practice level was subsequently pro- prerogatives, internal structure, as well as their role in the duced.

142  APPENDIX 1

advancement of women, the recruitment process and assis- a final pilot training course is envisaged to take place in Swit- tance to policewomen entering the retirement age. The study zerland in 2022. serves as an entry point for further actions, namely concrete educational and capacity-building programs aimed at ad- On 15 December, in connection with its project Words into vancing police women officers in their career, the elaboration Action to Address Intolerance, ODIHR collaborated with the of a set of recommendations for participating States on the United States-based Miller Center for Community Protection challenges faced by women in the security sector, but also and Resilience of Rutgers University to organize an online to support OSCE participating States in the establishment of event on Community-Based Policing and Building Commu- such associations based on best practices. nities of Trust/Community Relationships. The event, gather- ing 49 participants (28 women; 21 men) from law enforce- ment authorities and CSOs in Europe and North America, Community Policing and Police- allowed participants to share specific initiatives, programs, Public Relations and good practices on addressing security challenges in mi- nority communities, including those specific to the COVID-19 In 2021, ODIHR continued to work on building trust and un- pandemic. derstanding between the police and Roma and Sinti com- munities, through the implementation of the ToT programme In 2021, ODIHR also collaborated with the CoE to develop entitled Effective and Human Rights-Compliant Policing a common curriculum based on the two Police and Roma in Roma and Sinti Communities. The programme aims at training tools offered by CoE institutions. As a result, a joint strengthening the capacity of police trainers, including train- curriculum will be offered to OSCE participating States and ers and teachers in police training institutions, by providing CoE Member States in 2022. them with the skills and knowledge needed to further deliver trainings to police officers working in Roma and Sinti and mixed communities, in line with human rights standards and Hate Crime ensuring the safety and security of Roma and Sinti people. In 2021, ODIHR continued to support participating States in From June to October, ODIHR organized four online ToT addressing hate crimes, including through the implementa- courses for 73 police trainers (28 women; 45 men), including tion of the TAHCLE programme. In February, ODIHR signed trainers and teachers from police academies of three differ- a MoU with the Police of the Republic of Armenia. As a result, ent countries. Between June and July, two ToTs were held in in May, ODIHR organized an awareness-raising seminar on Bulgaria, gathering a total of 39 participants (14 women; 25 hate crimes for senior officials, gathering 45 participants (21 men), and one ToT was held in Ukraine, gathering 14 partic- women; 24 men) online. Subsequently, the TAHCLE curric- ipants (7 women; 7 men). In October, another ToT was held ulum was customized for a ToT to be held at the Educa- in Italy, gathering some 20 participants (7 women; 13 men). tional Complex of the Police of Armenia in 2022. The TAH- Prior to the trainings, ODIHR conducted online training needs CLE curriculum for North Macedonia was also updated and assessments to adapt the training curriculum to the national customized to incorporate new legislation on hate crime in context and existing challenges affecting relations between force since 2018. This was followed by the delivery of a ToT police and Roma and Sinti communities. The training evalu- course in Ohrid for 22 participants (7 women; 15 men) from ations showed that participants improved their understand- the Police Service of North Macedonia. Following an official ing of the importance of building trust between police and request for assistance, ODIHR also started negotiations for a Roma and Sinti communities, the need to overcome existing MoU with the MoI of Ukraine to implement the TAHCLE pro- stereotypes against these communities, and the benefits of gramme. Similarly, following an MoU signed in 2013, ODIHR working in compliance with human rights standards. organized an online roundtable with representatives of the Police Academy, the MoI, the Supreme State Prosecution From 3 to 5 November, as part of its work on human rights Office and the Judicial Training Centre of Montenegro to and counter-terrorism issues and jointly with TNTD and the discuss a refresher course on the TAHCLE programme for OSCE Mission to Skopje, ODIHR organized a pilot training a new group of trainers as well as possible implementation course of a new training curriculum on community policing of the Prosecutors And Hate Crime Training (PAHCT) Pro- in P/C VERLT. The course, held in Skopje, brought together gramme. In co-operation with the OSCE Mission in Kosovo, 20 police officers and community representatives (7 women; ODIHR also provided comments and reviewed the Kosovo 13 men) from different regions of North Macedonia. Follow- Police Guidelines on recording and investigating hate crimes. ing further revisions of the training curriculum based on the evaluation and feedback received during the training course,

143 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

TAHCLE programme's ToT course in Ohrid, North Macedonia, 7 – 9 December 2021.  ODIHR

From March to September, within the project Words into Ac- In October, under the project Enhancing Stakeholder Aware- tion to Address Intolerance and jointly with the World Jewish ness and Resources for Hate Crime Victim Support (EStAR), Congress and the European Commission, ODIHR organized ODIHR published its Model Guidance on Sensitive and Re- a series of events on responding to anti-Semitic hate crimes spectful Treatment of Hate Crime Victims in the Criminal and aimed at enhancing the co-operation between law en- Justice System. The document provides key guidance and forcement officials and Jewish communities. A total of five recommendations for law enforcement and criminal justice events, gathering 258 participants (119 women; 139 men), professionals to help them uphold their obligations and or- were implemented in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Lat- ganizational commitments in order to effectively ensure the via, Lithuania, and Serbia. The events improved the under- sensitive and respectful treatment of hate crime victims within standing of law enforcement’s response to anti-Semitic hate the criminal justice system. In December, ODIHR held an on- crimes, as well as the effective communication and co-ordi- line pilot training on sensitive and respectful treatment of hate nation between police and Jewish communities. crime victims in Norway. The training session tested some of the modules of the EStAR training programme and built the On 23 September and 19 November, during two online train- capacity of 14 police and investigative officers (11 women; 3 ing events organized by CEPOL, ODIHR also delivered train- men) from the Oslo Police Department in engaging with vic- ing sessions on hate crime to 145 police officers (59 women; tims of hate crime in a sensitive and respectful manner, thus 86 men) from EU countries. Marking the International Day preventing their secondary victimization. The event provided for Tolerance, on 15 November, ODIHR published its annual participants with an opportunity to learn about the impact of Hate Crime Report, highlighting the continuous need for a hate crime, the needs of hate crime victims and the impor- comprehensive response to hate crimes, including through tance of a victim-centered approach. Participants discussed law enforcement capacity-building. ways to improve the course and provided feedback, which will inform the training materials to be published in 2022.

144  APPENDIX 1

On 10 December, jointly with the Ministry of Education and women; 82 men) from EU Member States and other coun- Religious Affairs of Greece, ODIHR launched the Greek tries. The webinar focused on international human rights translation of its publication Understanding Anti-Muslim standards and positive practices regarding police responsi- Hate Crimes - Addressing the Security Needs of Muslim bilities in facilitating the right to freedom of peaceful assem- Communities: A Practical Guide during an in-person event bly. The webinar highlighted the key principles of ODIHR’s in Kavala, Greece. The event gathered 58 participants (29 Human Rights Handbook on Policing Assemblies as well as women; 29 men) from several ministries of Greece, Muslim the recently published Guide on Law Enforcement Equip- communities, law enforcement, CS, and academic institu- ment Most Commonly Used in the Policing of Assemblies. tions. The event facilitated a discussion on addressing hate crimes against Muslims and the usage of the Guide in future awareness-raising and capacity-building trainings for rele- Activities Related to Threats vant stakeholders in Greece. Posed by Criminal Activity Public Order and Crisis Management Counter-Terrorism and P/C VERLT In 2021, to assist the OSCE participating States in protecting and promoting the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, On 19 and 20 May, ODIHR organized a sub-regional work- ODIHR visited four countries, namely Bosnia and Herze- shop to promote dialogue for human-rights compliant re- govina, Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. sponses to terrorism, including when addressing the threats ODIHR continues to be the only inter-governmental institu- and challenges of FTFs. The workshop took stock of ongoing tion carrying out independent observation of the facilitation of and emerging human rights challenges in the development assemblies for the purposes of supporting better implemen- and implementation of counter-terrorism laws, as well as tation of relevant human dimension commitments. policy and practices in the concerned countries. It brought together government representatives, national human rights On 18 March, ODIHR organized an event on law enforce- institutions (NHRIs), CS and other experts from Austria, Bel- ment agencies’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ka- gium, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and zakhstan and international best practices. The event, gath- the United Kingdom. The workshop was part of the follow-up ering 16 participants (4 women; 12 men), aimed at raising to ODIHR’s Guidelines for Addressing the Threats and Chal- awareness among the representatives of Kazakhstan’s MoIA lenges of “Foreign Terrorist Fighters” within a Human Rights and Ministry of Health on human rights standards and the Framework. applicability of community policing techniques within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. In July, jointly with Penal Reform International (PRI), ODIHR launched their new publication Protecting Human Rights in In July, ODIHR published the Guide on Law Enforcement Prisons while Preventing Radicalization Leading to Terrorism Equipment Most Commonly Used in the Policing of As- or Violence: A Guide for Detention Monitors. The increasing semblies, developed jointly with the Omega Research Foun- focus on preventing and countering terrorist radicalization in dation. The Guide is a complementary tool to the ODIHR’s prisons, leads states to adopt various measures impacting Handbook on Monitoring Freedom of Peaceful Assembly human rights in detention facilities. Scrutiny by independ- (Second Edition) aimed at helping assembly monitors in their ent monitors is important to ensure that these measures work. It provides information about equipment and tactics are based on the rule of law and respect for human rights. that law enforcement officials might use in policing assem- The guide seeks to equip detention monitors with tools and blies, while outlining human rights and health implications of knowledge of the subject relevant to their respective monitor- their use. ing mandates and methodologies.

On 10 December, following an invitation from CEPOL and jointly with the Omega Research Foundation, ODIHR organ- ized a webinar on human rights compliant policing of pub- lic assemblies, gathering 104 law enforcement officials (21

145 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

In November, jointly with the OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Trafficking in Human Beings Uzbekistan, ODIHR organized a ToT course on protecting human rights while countering terrorism effectively for eight In 2021, as part of its work to provide legislative assistance to trainers (3 women; 5 men). The course, held in Uzbekistan, OSCE participating States and reviewing, upon request, leg- helped national trainers to familiarize with the contents, key islation and draft legislation to ensure their compliance with principles, practical modalities and methodology of ODIHR’s OSCE human dimension commitments and international standard law enforcement training on the topic. It constituted standards, ODIHR issued two opinions related to combating an important step towards institutionalizing the training pro- THB which included recommendations concerning the work gramme at the national level and ensuring the long-term sus- of police: an opinion on establishment of Child Justice Cen- tainability of ODIHR capacity-building activities in the country. tre(s) in Ukraine and an opinion on anti-trafficking legislation Further training courses co-facilitated by the national trainers of Finland. who took part in the ToT are foreseen to take place in 2022.

In November, jointly with the OSCE Mission to Skopje, Border Security and Management / ODIHR organized a training course on protecting human Customs rights and effectively countering terrorism for 20 participants (men), among which counter-terrorism police officers, Spe- In October, ODIHR published the policy brief: Border Man- cial Forces officers and members of the National Academy agement and Human Rights: Collection, processing and in Skopje. The training course focused on the link between sharing of personal data and the use of new technologies human rights and the operational effectiveness of coun- in the counter-terrorism and freedom of movement context. ter-terrorism policing. The course covered risks originating The document provides an overview of the human rights from human rights violations in the counter-terrorism context, implications of API and PNR, biometric data systems, algo- the impact of human rights violations on both suspects and rithmic decision-making, including for screening and risk as- law-enforcement officers, interviewing techniques, as well as sessments of travellers, and the use of terrorism watch lists bias and stereotypes, including based on gender, in coun- and law enforcement databases in border security. It also ter-terrorism policing. provides recommendations to OSCE participating States on how to respect and protect human rights when using new In 2021, ODIHR continued to provide human rights expertise technologies in border management. In December, ODIHR to a wide range of programmatic activities of other OSCE held a presentation of the policy brief and panel debate with executive structures in the field of preventing and counter- international experts. ing terrorism and VERLT. ODIHR contributed with panel- lists to events such as the OSCE Regional Conference on In October and November, ODIHR experts contributed with Countering Terrorist Financing and Transnational Organized specialized human rights expertise to activities organized by Crime and the Regional Policy Dialogue with Legislators from other OSCE executive structures in the field of border se- South-Eastern Europe on the Prosecution, Rehabilitation, curity, such as to the 5th OSCE-wide Seminar on Passen- and Reintegration of FTFs. ger Data Exchange, the OSCE Border Management Staff College Roundtable on Afghanistan and Security Threats to Central Asian Region and the OSCE Conference of the CABMI on Afghanistan and the New Border Security Land- scape in Central Asia.

146  APPENDIX 1

ODIHR – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 21 Total

45 Analysis of Lessons 11 Learned, Assessments Training 13 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 73%  ACTIVITIES ON  27% by Criminal Activity

147 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

APPENDIX 2

HCNM Annual Report on Police-Related Activities for 2021

Introduction

The High Commissioner on National Minorities (HCNM) provides “early warning” and, as appropriate, “early action” at the earliest possible stage with regard to tensions involving national minority issues. To fulfil this conflict prevention mandate, the HCNM addresses the short-term triggers of inter-ethnic tension and conflict, as well as long-term structural concerns. Drawing on over 25 years of experience, successive High Commissioners have identified certain recurrent issues which either cause or are linked to tensions involving national minorities. These issues are addressed in the HCNM’s nine thematic Recommendations and Guidelines, which aim to assist the OSCE participating States in their efforts to define a comprehensive approach towards developing policies that promote the integration of their diverse societies.

The HCNM also plays a key role in security sector governance and reform (SSG/R), as its engagement with minorities requires SSG responses. For instance, the HCNM supports police reform through a non-discrimination and multi-ethnic approach. Furthermore, the HCNM provides policy guidance to participating States, for example, with the publication of The Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies (2006) and The Graz Recommendations on Access to Justice and National Minorities (2017).

15th Anniversary of the the Kyrgyz Republic, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Nor- Recommendations on Policing in way and the United States. The conference highlighted the Multi-Ethnic Societies importance of recruitment, representation and continuous training of police services as to reflect the diversity of the On 5 November, on the 15th anniversary of its Recommen- societies they serve. The conference also reviewed relevant dations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies (2006), the aspects of mainstreaming gender into policing, as well as the HCNM organized a conference in Vienna in a blended for- intersection between gender and national minorities. Further- mat. The conference aimed to promote the principles and more, its focus included aspects such as gender-responsive practices outlined in the Recommendations and reiterate the approaches to community engagement, operational meth- readiness of the High Commissioner to support OSCE par- ods and reporting, specifically in cases of gender-based vio- ticipating States on policing in diverse societies. The event, lence. Success stories and activities conducted with OSCE’s organized in co-operation with TNTD/SPMU, hosted 128 support were also shared. Experts’ discussions stressed the representatives (82 women; 46 men) from the delegations need to effectively build trust and enhance communication of OSCE participating States and Partners for Co-opera- and transparency between the police and the communities tion, representatives of the OSCE executive structures and they serve, for example, by avoiding ethnic and racial profil- field operations as well as other international organizations, ing that structurally undermines this trust. Finally, participants with 276 participants streaming the event online. A total of called for an increased collaboration with CS and academia, 13 conference panellists (9 women; 4 men) exchanged on highlighting the need to gather disaggregated data, including positive practices and lessons learned with a number of ex- gender disaggregated data, for evidence-based policing, as perts and practitioners, by including country-specific exam- it allows better evaluation of police effectiveness in diverse ples from Bulgaria, Canada, Hungary, Ireland, Kazakhstan, societies.

148  APPENDIX 2

Opening session of the conference marking the 15th anniversary of HCNM’s Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies, Vienna, 5 November 2021.  OSCE/Micky Kroell

HCNM – Police-Related Activities 2021

Information Exchange / Institution and Capacity-Building 1 Total

1 Analysis of Lessons 0 Learned, Assessments Training 0 and Guidelines

General Police Threats Posed Development and Reform 100%  ACTIVITIES ON  0% by Criminal Activity

149 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

APPENDIX 3

OSCE MC and PC Decisions, Declarations and Action Plans with a Focus on Police-Related Activities

Taskings on police-related issues are contained in OSCE challenges, including by providing advice or arranging for Summit Decisions as well as in the growing list of Decisions the provision of expert advice on requirements for effective of the Ministerial Council and the Permanent Council, in- policing (needs assessments) and how to meet them, and cluding a number of OSCE Action Plans. encouraging where appropriate the exchange of informa- tion among and between participating States regarding The latest comprehensive set of OSCE mandates on po- lessons learned and best policing practices in countering lice related activities was adopted in 2012 with the Dublin these new security challenges. MC Decision No. 4/12 on the OSCE’s Efforts to Address Transnational Threats, which endorsed four PC decisions The Bucharest Plan of Action for Combating Terrorism from 2012, including the OSCE Strategic Framework for (2001), adopted on the same occasion as the above De- Police-Related Activities (PC.DEC/1049) and the OSCE cision on police-related activities, recognized the need to Concept for Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs and the assist participating States, on their request, through meas- Diversion of Chemical Precursors (PC.DEC/1048). With the ures to combat THB, illicit drug and SALW, in accordance adoption of these decisions, the participating States reaf- with relevant Permanent Council decisions. This assis- firmed the key role that OSCE police-related activities play tance could also include provision of advice and assistance in the Organization’s efforts to address threats to security on restructuring and/or reconstruction of police services; and stability posed by criminal activity, as well as its efforts monitoring and training of existing police services, includ- in the areas of conflict prevention, crisis management and ing human rights training; and capacity -building, including post conflict rehabilitation in the OSCE area. support for integrated or multi-ethnic police services. To this end, the plan of action acknowledged the requirement The Charter for European Security adopted by the Istan- for reinforcing existing police-related activities in conflict bul Summit Meeting (1999) represents the platform for the prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabili- OSCE involvement in policing. It contains the commitment tation. of the OSCE participating States to enhance the OSCE’s role in civilian police-related activities as an integral part of In its Decision No. 448 (2001), the Permanent Council de- the Organization’s efforts in conflict prevention, crisis man- cided to establish the seconded post of Senior Police Ad- agement and post-conflict rehabilitation. Such activities viser in the OSCE Secretariat. may comprise the following: (1) police monitoring, includ- ing to prevent police from discriminating due to religious In the Declaration on Trafficking in Human Beings adopted and ethnic identity; (2) police training, which could, inter by the Tenth Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Porto 2002), alia, aim to improve the operational and tactical capabilities its members called on participating States to enhance in- of local police services and reform paramilitary forces, pro- ternational co-operation in combating criminal acts such vide new and modern policing skills, such as community as trafficking in illicit drugs and arms, as well as smuggling policing, and anti-drug, anti-corruption and anti-terrorist of migrants. They emphasized the need to include in this capacities, create a police service with a multi-ethnic and/ co-operation international law enforcement bodies such as or multireligious composition that can enjoy the confidence Europol and INTERPOL, as well as the Southeast Europe- of the entire population; and (3) promoting respect for hu- an Cooperative Initiative (SECI), with a view to investigating man rights and fundamental freedoms in general. and prosecuting those responsible for THB in accordance with domestic law and, where applicable, international ob- The Ninth Ministerial Council in Bucharest (2001) declared ligations. In this regard, they also asked the Senior Police the OSCE’s decision to increase and promote co-opera- Adviser to devote increased attention to the fight against tion among participating States in countering new security THB.

150  APPENDIX 3

This tasking was further detailed in the OSCE Action Plan The fight against organized crime came to the forefront of to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, which requested OSCE priorities during 2005 and was recognized in a Deci- the SPMU to further promote the concept of community sion on Combating Transnational Organized Crime adopt- policing and facilitate the exchange of information between ed by the 13th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Ljubljana participating States on best practices to be used by rele- 2005). It tasked the OSCE Secretary General with provid- vant investigating units to check the possibly criminal and ing the requesting participating States with support for the trafficking-related origin of suspicious assets. The SPMU mobilization of technical assistance, including the neces- was also tasked to continue developing training materials sary expertise and resources, from relevant competent for law enforcement on trafficking and sex crimes investi- international organizations for the implementation of the gation, identify law enforcement trainers to conduct train- United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organ- ing, and facilitate the funding of training sessions for law ized Crime and its Protocols. The Decision also tasked the enforcement authorities in OSCE participating States. OSCE Permanent Council to work on designing, with the support of the Secretary General and the relevant OSCE One of the aspects of policing of ethnic minorities was ad- institutions, possible measures and forms of assistance dressed by the OSCE Action Plan on Improving the Sit- that could be available to requesting participating States uation of Roma and Sinti within the OSCE Area (2003). with a view to improving and promoting the functioning of The SPMU was tasked to assist participating States in criminal justice systems. developing programmes and CBMs, such as community policing, to improve the relations between Roma and Sinti Ljubljana Ministerial Decision No. 15/05 on Preventing and people and the police, particularly at the local level, and Combating Violence against Women urged participating to produce a compilation of police best practices in the States, with support and assistance of the OSCE, to take OSCE region with respect to policing and Roma and Sinti all necessary legislative, policy and programmatic monitor- communities. Another established task was to assist the ing and evaluation measures to promote and protect full participating States in developing codes of conduct to pre- enjoyment of the human rights of women, and to prevent vent racial profiling and improve inter-ethnic relations. and combat all forms of gender-based violence against them. The decision also tasked the Permanent Council to The OSCE Strategy to Address Threats to Security and encourage the development by relevant OSCE institutions Stability in the Twenty-First Century, adopted by the 11th and structures of programmes, projects and policies to Ministerial Council in Maastricht in 2003 stated that the assist participating States, at their request, in combating SPMU was set up to improve the capacity of participating violence against women and girls and providing assistance States to address threats posed by criminal activity and to to victims. assist them in upholding the rule of law. The aim was to enhance key policing skills, including respect for human The Ljubljana Ministerial Council also adopted the OSCE rights and fundamental freedoms. Border Security and Management Concept, which first and foremost provides participating States with a political The 2004 OSCE Action Plan for the Promotion of Gen- framework for their co-operation on border-related issues. der Equality, adopted by the 12th Ministerial Council of It provides objectives and principles for this co-operation the OSCE (Sofia 2004), urged the participating States, the and finally defines modalities for OSCE activities in this Secretariat, institutions and field operations to ensure that area. The OSCE “acts upon the request of participat- a gender perspective is integrated into OSCE activities, ing States” to ensure dialogue on border-related issues programmes and projects. The aim shall be to promote through, inter alia, “exchange of information, experience the practice of gender equality in the OSCE area, which and best practices”, the establishment of a National Focal is essential to comprehensive security. In this context, Points Network, holding of workshops and conferences. the SPMU was specifically tasked to enhance its project development to assist participating States in reacting to Permanent Council Decision No. 758 Enhancing Interna- sexual violence offences and in including elements such tional Anti-Drug Co-operation (2006) tasked the Secre- as special investigation techniques, and interview skills tary General and relevant OSCE institutions with provid- designated for use with victims of sexual assault including ing participating States, upon their request and in close children, and information on referral mechanisms for victim consultation and co-ordination with UNODC, with assis- assistance, in the police training curriculum. tance/advice on anti-drug issues, inter alia, through aware- ness-raising activities, the organization of regional work- shops and facilitation of training.

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The Decision on Combating Sexual Exploitation of Children also a core topic of the Ministerial Decision No. 4/07 on adopted by the 14th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Brus- OSCE Engagement with Afghanistan (Madrid). Participat- sels 2006) encouraged relevant OSCE executive struc- ing States tasked the Secretary General to provide support tures, within their existing mandates, to devote attention to for intensifying the involvement of Afghan counterparts in the area of sexual exploitation of children, including links to OSCE activities related to the fields of border security and trafficking in persons, and emphasized the need for them management, policing and the fight against illicit drug traf- and the participating States to co-operate with other in- ficking, and those in the training facilities in Central Asia ternational organizations, NGOs and CS in combating the and in the rest of the OSCE area. While tasked to avoid sexual exploitation of children. unnecessary duplication of existing efforts of other interna- tional actors, the Secretary General was also mandated to The 14th Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Brussels 2006) explore all possible co-operation options, in co-ordination adopted the follow-up Decision on Organized Crime, re- with the UN and other relevant regional and international affirming the importance that the OSCE was giving to this organizations and other actors. subject. The Decision’s tasking to the OSCE Secretary General and the relevant OSCE executive structures, within At the Helsinki Ministerial Council in December 2008, the their respective mandates, included giving enhanced at- participating States turned their attention once again to the tention to the key role of criminal justice systems in insti- issue of THB. Decision No. 5/08 on Enhancing Criminal tution-building and in the promotion of the rule of law, as Justice Responses to Trafficking in Human Beings Through well as co-operating and co-ordinating more closely in or- a Comprehensive Approach emphasized the need for der to take better into account the interaction between the training on combating THB for law enforcement person- components of those systems. A further major task was to nel and urged the participating States inter alia to ensure build on and consolidate the knowledge and experience co-operation between law enforcement agencies and oth- on criminal justice and organized crime, and to continue er relevant actors at the national and international level, co-operating with UNODC in matters including combating and “to intensify measures to disrupt trafficking networks, organized crime and illicit drugs. including by means of financial investigations, investiga- tions of money laundering connected to human trafficking Recalling the Ministerial Council Decisions Nos. 3/05 (Lju- and the freezing and confiscation of the assets of human bljana) on combating transnational organized crime, and traffickers”. 5/06 (Brussels) on organized crime, Permanent Council Decision No. 810 (2007) on Implementation of the Unit- Reaffirming the participating States’ commitment to pro- ed Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized actively implement the OSCE Action Plan for the Promo- Crime tasked the Secretary General to support the imple- tion of Gender Equality and recalling Ljubljana Ministerial mentation of the UNTOC convention in co-operation with Council Decisions on Women in Conflict Prevention, Crisis UNODC, and to organize a workshop in co-operation and Management and Post-Conflict Rehabilitation, and on Pre- co-ordination with the Secretariat of the Conference of the venting and Combating Violence against Women, the 17th Parties to the UNTOC. Ministerial Council of the OSCE (Athens 2009), in its Deci- sion on Women’s Participation in Political and Public Life, Permanent Council Decision No. 813 (2007) on Combat- called on the participating States to consider providing for ing the Threat of Illicit Drugs and Precursors emphasized specific measure to achieve the goal of gender balance in the continuing spread of illicit trafficking of opiates from Af- all legislative, judicial and executive bodies, including police ghanistan and chemical precursors throughout the OSCE services. area. The Permanent Council called on the Secretary Gen- eral to further develop co-operation in the field of anti-drug Acknowledging the “[…] diverse and multifaceted OSCE matters with UNODC, the Paris Pact and other relevant work, experience and lessons learned in the policing field, international structures and organizations by, inter alia, in particular the work of the SPMU and the field operations organizing joint regional and sub regional workshops and within their respective mandates”, the Permanent Council, other activities. Furthermore, the Secretary General was in its Decision 914/09, adopted in Athens, expressed its tasked with continuing training activities on illicit drug-re- conviction that the time had come to take stock of what lated matters. had been done so far in policing and to “[…] initiate a thor- ough dialogue on how to further enhance police-related The need for continuing training of Afghan police officers in activities within the OSCE.” The Permanent Council tasked addition to providing assistance to Afghanistan in the fields the Secretary General, “[…] within existing resources and of border security and combating illicit drug trafficking was in consultation with relevant OSCE executive structures, to

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prepare a report on police-related activities of the OSCE cyber threats and the illicit trafficking in small arms and light executive structures up to the end of 2009”. The report weapons, drugs and human beings”, the Vilnius Ministerial was to be based partly on the annual reports on police-re- Council, in Decision No. 9/11 on Strengthening Co-ordi- lated activities, reflecting existing mandates and OSCE nation and Coherence in the OSCE’s Efforts to Address commitments, and was “[…] to include an assessment of Transnational Threats welcomed “the proposals by the those activities and a forward-looking perspective, offering Secretary General included in the 2012 Unified Budget long-term strategic recommendations”. Moreover, the Per- Proposal for the creation of a department to address trans- manent Council decided that this report would be further national threats, consistent with the OSCE’s mandates and discussed during the next Annual Police Experts Meeting within available resources, with a view to ensuring better in May 2010 as well as at the 2010 Annual Security Review co-ordination, strengthened coherence and more efficient Conference. use of the OSCE’s resources in addressing transnational threats […].” The Athens Ministerial Council Decision No. 2/09 on Fur- ther OSCE Efforts to Address Transnational Threats and To further strengthen the OSCE’s efforts to address trans- Challenges to Security and Stability took note of, inter alia, national threats, the Dublin Ministerial Council adopted the OSCE’s contribution to international efforts to fight Decision No. 4/12 in December 2012. This so called ‘cha- organized crime through the provision of relevant law en- peau’ decision endorses four decisions which had been forcement expertise and assistance to participating States adopted in 2012 by the Permanent Council on the Devel- and called for exploring further ways to strengthen syner- opment of confidence-building measures to reduce the gies in OSCE activities against transnational threats, ad- risks of conflict stemming from the use of information and dressing them in a comprehensive and cross-dimensional communication technologies (PC Decision No. 1039), the manner and focusing on areas, where the OSCE has a OSCE Concept for Combating the Threat of Illicit Drugs comparative advantage and can complement the work of and the Diversion of Chemical Precursors (PC Decision No. other international organizations. 1048), the OSCE Strategic Framework for Police-Related Activities (PC Decision No. 1049) and finally, the OSCE “Recalling that the OSCE, as a regional arrangement under Consolidated Framework for the Fight against Terrorism Chapter VIII of the Charter of the UN and as a primary or- (PC Decision No. 1063). ganization for the peaceful settlement of disputes within its region, is a key instrument for early warning, conflict pre- In the PC Decision No. 1039 on the Development of Con- vention and resolution, crisis management and postconflict fidence-Building Measures to Reduce the Risks of Conflict rehabilitation”, the participating States, in the 2011 Vilnius Stemming from the Use of Information and Communication Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/11 on Elements of the Technologies, the Permanent Council “decides to step up Conflict Cycle, Related to Enhancing the OSCE’s Capabili- individual and collective efforts to address security in the ties in Early Warning, Early Action, Dialogue Facilitation and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) Mediation Support, and Post-Conflict Rehabilitation, reiter- in a comprehensive and cross-dimensional manner in ac- ated “[…] that the OSCE’s ability to deploy civilian, police or cordance with OSCE commitments and in co-operation unarmed military expertise rapidly is essential to effective with relevant international organizations. The PC further conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict tasks the OSCE Chairmanship to establish an open-end- rehabilitation”, and expressed their expectation for “[…] the ed, informal OSCE WG under the auspices of the Security OSCE Chairmanship and the executive structures to take Committee to elaborate a set of draft CBMs to enhance full advantage of their respective mandates to address all interstate co-operation, transparency, predictability, and phases of the conflict cycle” and while urging the Chair- stability, and to reduce the risks of misperception, esca- manship and participating States to use, swiftly and to the lation, and conflict that may stem from the use of ICT; and greatest extent possible, all available tools and procedures to help build consensus for the adoption of such a set of as applicable to a particular crisis or conflict situation […].” CBMs in 2012”.

“Reiterating the determination expressed by Heads of The OSCE Concept for Combatting the Threat of Illicit State or Government of the OSCE participating States in Drugs and the Diversion of Chemical Precursors (PC De- the 2010 Astana [now Nur-Sultan] Commemorative Decla- cision No. 1048) identifies areas and activities for a short-, ration: Towards a Security Community to achieve greater medium and long-term engagement in combating the unity of purpose and action in facing emerging transna- threat of illicit drugs and the diversion of chemical precur- tional threats, such as terrorism, organized crime, illegal sors that requires sustained efforts, and establishes a po- migration, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, litical framework for comprehensive action by the OSCE

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participating States and the OSCE executive structures al Council and highlights the OSCE’s anti-terrorism profile to combat this threat. The Concept stresses the partici- listing comparative advantages of the Organization. The pating States’ commitments to support the implementa- Decision provides guidance for the Organization outlin- tion of the respective international obligations in this area, ing strategic focus areas for counter-terrorism activities. with a particular focus on the related UN Conventions and Therewith the Decision is a roadmap for any further OSCE decisions. It also sets principles and major objectives of action to be taken in the area of countering terrorism. co-operation, and provides a platform for OSCE’s co-op- eration with international organizations and partners in rec- In the 2012 Dublin Ministerial Declaration on Strengthen- ognition of the important role played by CS, including the ing Good Governance and Combating Corruption, Money media and nongovernmental organizations, in addressing Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism, the participating illicit drug-related crimes, as well as preventive measures States encourage the OCEEA and the TNTD “within their aimed at reducing illicit drug abuse and dependence, and respective mandates to assist the participating States, at illicit drug-related harm to health and society, especially to their request, in their efforts to counter money laundering children and young people. According to the Concept, the and the financing of terrorism, including through the de- participating States’ co-operation will include, inter alia, the velopment, adoption and implementation of legislation and exchange of best practices and scientific evidence-based practices to improve interagency and external co-ordina- information on combating the threat of illicit drugs; as well tion mechanisms in this area.” as the facilitation and promotion of cross border interac- tion between relevant criminal justice agencies and other In 2013, the participating States, with PC Dec. No. 1106 competent national structures of the participating States in adopted the Addendum to the OSCE Action Plan to Com- the prevention, identification, suppression, detection and bat Trafficking in Human Beings: One Decade Later, which investigation of illicit drug-related crimes, and the appre- amends the 2003 Action Plan, providing the participating hension and extradition of criminals in accordance with States with an updated toolkit to combat all forms of THB, existing legal frameworks. and helping to address the current and emerging THB trends and patterns, as well as the most pressing challeng- The OSCE Strategic Framework for Police-Related Activi- es related to the prosecution of the crime, its prevention, ties (PC Decision No. 1049) defines the Organization’s pri- and protection of trafficked persons. orities in this area, such as police development and reform and the fight against organized transnational crime, includ- In 2013, the participating States adopted the Initial Set of ing trafficking in illicit drugs and precursors, THB, the sex- OSCE Confidence-Building Measures to Reduce the Risks ual exploitation of children on the internet, and cybercrime, of Conflict Stemming from the Use of Information and Com- within a wider OSCE approach to security. Through needs munication Technologies (PC Decision No. 1106) in order assessment, capacity-building, institution building, training to enhance interstate co-operation, transparency, predict- and evaluation the OSCE will assist the law enforcement ability and stability and to reduce the risks of mispercep- agencies of the participating States to address the threats tion, escalation and conflict that may stem from the use of posed by criminal activity. All of these activities will be done information and communication technologies. According in line with the promotion of the principles of democratic to the decision, the participating States will voluntarily facil- policing, such as the importance of the rule of law; due itate co-operation among the competent national bodies; respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, in- share information on measures that they have taken to en- cluding gender and minority issues; police-public partner- sure an open, interoperable, secure and reliable internet; ships; effective and accountable criminal justice systems; and use the OSCE as a platform for dialogue, exchange of and enhanced criminal justice co-operation among partici- best practices, awareness raising and information on ca- pating States and international and regional organizations. pacity-building regarding security of and in the use of ICTs, The decision highlights the importance of co-operation including effective responses to related threats. with governmental authorities as well as CS, in a long-term approach, that fosters local commitment and ownership The 2014 Basel Ministerial Council adopted several deci- to as well as sustainability of police-related programme sions and declarations related to policing activities. achievements. The Basel Ministerial Decision No. 5/14 on the Preven- The OSCE Consolidated Framework for the Fight against tion of Corruption underlines, inter alia, “the central role Terrorism (PC Decision No. 1063) further strengthens the played by law enforcement bodies and judicial institutions profile of the Organization in the struggle against terrorism. in preventing and combating corruption” and encourages The Decision builds on relevant decisions of the Ministeri- the relevant OSCE executive structures to facilitate the ex-

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change of best practices in the prevention of corruption prosecuting cases of terrorist kidnapping and hostage-tak- among participating States upon their request. ing.

The Basel Ministerial Decision No. 7/14 on Preventing and The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 2/15 on Combating Violence against Women reaffirms earlier com- the OSCE Activities in Support of the Global Efforts Tack- mitments to prevent and combat violence against wom- ling the World Drug Problem states the need for a bal- en, including domestic violence, and calls on participating anced and integrated approach to tackling the world drug States to improve their legal frameworks for preventing and problem, for further co-operation between the OSCE with combating such violence and to collect and make public UNODC, the International Narcotics Control Board, and data and statistics regarding all forms of violence against other relevant multilateral organizations, especially with the women. It encourages participating States to enhance emergence and spread of dangerous new psychoactive awareness raising and other prevention programmes, to substances and the diversion of chemical precursors, and ensure the protection of victims of all forms of violence for further co-operation in preparation for the UN General against women and to “strengthen the efforts to investi- Assembly Special Session on the world drug problem (UN- gate, prosecute and punish the perpetrators of all forms GASS 2016). of violence against women and provide victims with pro- tection and appropriate remedies.” The decision tasks the The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 3/15 on OSCE executive structures to assist participating States, at Reinforcing OSCE Efforts to Counter Terrorism in the Wake their request, to facilitate the exchange of information, im- of the Recent Terrorist Attacks condemns all terrorist at- prove co-ordination and provide technical assistance and tacks and reaffirms the OSCE’s commitments to remain training to help participating States fulfil these goals. united in combating terrorism, while underscoring the re- spect for human rights, fundamental freedoms, and the The Basel Ministerial Council Declaration No. 5/14 on the rule of law as complementary to effective counter-terrorism OSCE Role in Countering the Phenomenon of Foreign Ter- measures. rorist Fighters in the Context of the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolutions 2170 (2014) and 2178 (2014) The Belgrade Ministerial Council Declaration No. 4/15 on calls upon the OSCE executive structures, inter alia, “to Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism and Radi- offer assistance in capacity-building activities to the re- calization that Lead to Terrorism calls upon participating questing participating States, in accordance with Perma- States to strengthen and adapt their efforts to counter vi- nent Council Decision No. 1063, and to organize, where olent extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism appropriate, regional and sub-regional events to identify and to support a multi-dimensional approach, including potential weaknesses in international legal and operational community policing, to countering VERLT within the OSCE co-operation mechanisms in order to foster better co-op- region. eration and co-ordination nationally and internationally”; “to continue to promote OSCE efforts to counter violent The Hamburg Ministerial Council Decision No. 1/16 on extremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism, includ- Strengthening OSCE Efforts to Prevent and Counter Ter- ing through community policing approaches to preventing rorism underscores the central role of the UN in prevent- terrorism, in particular at the local level”; and “to support ing and countering terrorism, including the importance of requesting participating States in the implementation of OSCE commitments to the UN Global Counter-Terrorism their commitments regarding travel document security and Strategy, and that participating States have the primary border management and to facilitate technical assistance role in preventing and countering terrorism and violent ex- in this field by INTERPOL and other relevant international tremism and radicalization that lead to terrorism (VERLT), organizations to requesting participating States.” while stressing the need for participating States to take appropriate steps to prevent and suppress financing of The Basel Ministerial Council Declaration No. 6/14 on the terrorism. The decision also positively appreciates the im- OSCE Role in Countering Kidnapping and Hostage-Taking plementation of the #UnitedCVE campaign, and welcomed Committed by Terrorist Groups in the Context of the Imple- the activities by OSCE executive structures in the field of mentation of UN Security Council Resolution 2133 (2014) preventing and countering terrorism. calls upon the OSCE executive structures to continue pro- moting the international legal framework against terrorism, The Hamburg Ministerial Council Decision No. 3/16 on to explore ways to exchange information between intelli- OSCE’s Role in the Governance of Large Movements of gence agencies and the criminal justice systems and to Migrants and Refugees encourages participating States promote capacity-building for managing, investigating and to use the OSCE platform for improving dialogue on mi-

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gration related matters by developing effective measures receive, on behalf of all other authorities, all forms of pas- and common approaches to address such matters, and senger data through one single window data entry point; 5. encourages OSCE executive structures to reinforce the Increase the added value of API data by seeking to estab- exchange of best practices and to enhance dialogue and lish automated cross-checking of this data against relevant co-operation with Partners for Co-operation. national, regional and international watch lists, in particular INTERPOL databases and UN Sanctions Lists; 6. Provide With MC Decision No. 6/16 on Enhancing the Use of Ad- assistance to support other requesting participating States vanced Passenger Information the OSCE participating in establishing an API system. States commit to: 1. Establish national advance passenger information (API) systems in accordance with the provisions The Tirana Ministerial Council Declaration No. 1/20 on contained in ICAO’s Annex 9 to the Convention on Interna- Strengthening Co-operation in Countering Transnational tional Civil Aviation (the Chicago Convention) and aligned Organized Crime, underlined the importance of strength- with the WCO/IATA/ICAO Guidelines on Advance Passen- ening national co-ordination and international co-operation ger Information (API), including those on privacy and data in countering transnational organized crime, through direct protection, in order to effectively collect passenger and/or contact and engagement between relevant authorities, and crew data from airlines operating in their territories; 2. Con- by exchange of information and best practices, as well as sider establishing at the national level an interactive system by using the tools provided by the OSCE, UNODC, and to exchange API data (API) in order to prevent the move- other relevant international organizations. It recommitted ment of foreign terrorist fighters in line with UN Security to maintaining the countering of transnational organized Council resolutions 2178 (2014) and 2309 (2016); 3. Ad- crime among the priorities of the OSCE by enhancing im- here to ICAO Document 9082 “ICAO’s Policies on Charges plementation of the respective international obligations and for Airports and Air Navigation Services” in the context of the OSCE’s existing commitments, as well as reaffirmed establishing an API system, recognizing that States are re- the tasking of the relevant OSCE executive structures to sponsible for ensuring the implementation of adequate se- brief the participating States regularly on OSCE activities curity measures at airports; 4. Collaborate with all relevant related to the implementation of existing OSCE commit- national stakeholders in the implementation of national lev- ments to address transnational organized crime, and en- el API systems, and consider establishing one authority to couraged continued discussions on this topic among par- ticipating States.

156  Appendices

APPENDIX 4

Abbreviations and Acronyms

AC Anti-Corruption CoE Council of Europe

ACA Anti-Corruption Agency CoM Council of Ministers

ACB Advisory and Co-ordination Board COMMS Communication and Media Relations Section OSCE AECT Alliance Expert Co-ordination Team COTER EU Working Party on Terrorism (International Aspects) AFIU Albanian Financial Intelligence Unit CPC OSCE’s Conflict Prevention Centre AGM Annual General Meeting CPC/FSC Forum for Security and Co-operation at the OSCE’s AIRE Advice on Individual Rights in Europe Conflict Prevention Centre AML/CFT Anti-Money Laundering and Combating CPCD Centre for Civil Society Promotion the Financing of Terrorism CPD Cyber Police Department APEM Annual Police Experts Meeting CRIMEX Experts Group for Criminal Matters API Advance Passenger Information CS Civil Society ARCA Association for Research into Crime and Arts CSO Civil Society Organization ASP Albanian State Police CSW Centre for Social Work AWKP Association of Women in Kosovo Police CTHB Combating Trafficking in Human Beings BAMIN Balkan Asset Management Interagency Network CT Counter-Terrorism BD Brčko District in Bosnia and Herzegovina CVE Countering Violent Extremism BiH Bosnia and Herzegovina DCA Drug Control Agency BMP Border and Migration Police DCAF Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed BoQs Bill of Quantities Forces BSM Border Security and Management DD Detailed Designs CABMI Central Asia Border Management Initiative DITN Department for Investigations of Trafficking in Narcotics CAMS Certified Anti-Money Laundering Specialist DPED Department of Police Education and Development CARICC Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination DSPS Department for Security and Public Safety Centre for Combating illicit Trafficking of Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and their Precursors EAG Eurasian Group on Combating Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism CBM Confidence-Building Measure ECTEG European Cybercrime Training and Education Group CCC Common Contact Centres EMA Emergency Management Agency CCoE Cybersecurity Centre of Excellence EMCDDA European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug CEC Central Election Commission Addiction CEPOL European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training EMPACT European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal CERT Computer Emergency Response Team Threats

CFE Certified Fraud Examiner ENISA EU Agency for Cybersecurity

CFT Combating the Financing of Terrorism EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal

CIDS Centre for Integrity in the Defence Sector EStAR Enhancing Stakeholder Awareness and Resources for Hate Crime Victim Support CILC Centre for International Legal Cooperation EU European Union CIS Commonwealth of Independent States EULEX EU Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo CND UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs

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Eurojust European Union Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation LIVE Leaders against Intolerance and Violent Extremism

Europol European Union Law Enforcement Agency LMDTR Local Multidisciplinary Teams for Reintegration

ExB Extra-Budgetary LMS Learning Management System

FATF Financial Action Task Force LPC Local Prevention Councils

FBiH Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina LPSC Local Public Safety Committees

FIU Financial Intelligence Unit LSC Local Safety Councils

FMS Financial Monitoring Service MAC Multi-Agency Committee

FO Field Operation MARRI Migration, Assylum, Refugees Regional Initiative

FSC Forum for Security Co-operation MC Ministerial Council

FTFs Foreign Terrorist Fighters MCMDV Municipal Co-ordination Mechanisms against Domestic Violence GCTF Global Counterterrorism Forum MCSC Municipal Community Safety Council GI-TOC Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime MDE Municipal Directorate for Education GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit MEP Ministry of Environmental Protection GPO General Prosecutor’s Office MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs HCNM OSCE High Commissioner for National Minorities MoD Ministry of Defence HRM Human Resource Management MoESTD Ministry of Education, Science and IACO International Civil Aviation Organization Technological Development IATA International Air Transport Authority MoF Ministry of Finance IAWP International Association of Women in Police MoI Ministry of Interior ICITAP United States International Criminal Investigative Training MoIA Ministry of Internal Affairs Assistance Program MoU Memorandum of Understanding ICMPD International Centre for Migration Policy Development MPR Mobile Police Reception ICT Information and Communications Technology MPS Model Police Stations ILP Intelligence-Led Policing MSC Municipal Safety Council INL the United States Department of State Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs MTT Mobile Training Team

INTERPOL International Criminal Police Organization NBI National Bureau of Investigations, Albania

IOM International Organization for Migration NCDC National Centre for Drug Control, Uzbekistan

IPA Implementing Partnership Agreement NEC National Chamber of Entrepreneurs

IWG Informal Working Group NFC National Forensic Center

JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency NFP National Focal Point

KAF Kosovo Agency on Forensics NGO Non-governmental Organization

KAPS Kosovo Academy for Public Safety NPoCHC National Contact Point for Hate Crimes

KCPSED Kosovo Centre for Public Safety, Education and NPU National Police of Ukraine Development NRA National Risk Assessment KCS Kosovo Correctional Service OCEEA Office of the Co-ordinator of Economic and KFOR Kosovo Force Environmental Activities

KOMS National Youth Council of Serbia ODC Open Data Charter

KP Kosovo Police ODIHR Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights

KPSS Kosovo Police Service School OFA Ohrid Framework Agreement

KSCS Kosovo Security Council Secretariat OI Ombudsperson Institution

KTA Kosovo Tax Administration OLC Office of Language Commission

LEA Law Enforcement Agency OM Orientation Manual

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OSR/ Office of the Special Representative and Co-ordinator for SIA Sectors for Internal Affairs CTHB Combating Trafficking in Human Beings SMS State Migration Service, Turkmenistan OSG Office of the OSCE Secretary General SOE State-owned Enterprises OSINT Open Source Intelligence SOP Standard Operating Procedure PAHCT Prosecutors and Hate Crime Training SPAK Special Prosecutor’s Office against Corruption and PAM Parliamentary Assembly of the Mediterranean Organized Crime

PAN Police Academies Network SSG Security Sector Governance

PCOCP Permanent Conference of Organized Crime Prosecutors SSG/R Security Sector Governance and Reform

P/C VERLT Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism that lead to SSU Security Service of Ukraine Terrorism TADOC Turkish International Academy against Drugs and PC Permanent Council Organized Crime

PCCC Police-Customs Co-operation Centres TAHCLE Training against Hate Crime for Law Enforcement

PCU OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Ukraine TC Training Centre

PCUz OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan TCII Turkmenistan Institute of Telecommunications and Informatics

PD Police Directorate TCG Tasking and Co-ordination Group

PDU Police Development Unit TCP Trafficking in Cultural Property

PIK Police Inspectorate of Kosovo THB Trafficking in Human Beings

PITCH Prevention of Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Heritage TNTD OSCE’s Transnational Threats Department

PIU Passenger Information Unit TNTD/ATU Transnational Threats Department/Action against Terrorism Unit PNR Passenger Name Record TNTD/ Transnational Threats Department/Border Security and POiB OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek BSMU Management Unit POiD OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe TNTD/CC Transnational Threats Department/Co-ordination Cell PSB Public Security Bureau TNTD/ Transnational Threats Department/Strategic Police RACVIAC Regional Arms Control Verification and Implementation SPMU Matters Unit Assistance Center ToT Training of Trainers RAN Radicalization Awareness Network UCR Unified Crime Registering RCMP Royal Canadian Mounted Police UN United Nations RILO Regional Intelligence Liaison Officers UNDP United Nations Development Programme RoP Rules of Procedure UNFPA United Nations Population Fund RPPO Republic’s Public Prosecutor’s Office of Serbia UNHCR UN High Commissioner for Refugees RS Republika Srpska UNICRI UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Centre SA Security Academy UNOCT United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism SALW Small Arms and Light Weapons UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime SBGS State Border Guard Service, Ukraine UNSCR United Nations Security Council Resolution SBI State Bureau of Investigations, Ukraine VAAO Victims Advocacy and Assistance Office SBS State Border Service, Turkmenistan VE Violent Extremism SCS State Customs Service, Ukraine VERLT Violent Extremism and Radicalization that lead to Terrorism SDG Sustainable Development Goal WAE Weapons, ammunition, explosive SEESAC The South Eastern and Eastern Europe Clearinghouse for WCO World Customs Organization the Control of Small Arms and Light Weapons WG Working Group SCoG Security Co-operation and Governance WHO World Health Organization SELEC Southeast European Law Enforcement Center WSN Women Security Network SEPCA Southeast Europe Police Chiefs Association WPA Women’s Police Association in Montenegro

159 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

APPENDIX 5

Contact Details

Thematic Units in the OSCE Secretariat dealing with Police-Related Issues

Unit Contact Person Email Phone

Mr. Sami RYHÄNEN Sami.Ryhaenen@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6872 (Head of Strategic Police Matters Unit) TNTD/SPMU Ms. Jenni DIMITROVA Jeni.Dimitrova@osce.org +43 1 51436 6941 (Administrative Assistant)

Ms. Alicia HARTMANN Alicia.Hartmann@osce.org TNTD/CC +43 1 514 36 6844 (Analysis and Co-ordination Officer) polis@osce.org

Mr. Manuel EISING TNTD/ATU Manuel.Eising@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6772 (Senior Legal Counter-Terrorism Adviser)

Mr. Dennis COSGROVE Dennis.Cosgrove@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6662 (Head of Border Security and Management Unit) TNTD/BSMU Mr. Cameron WALTER Cameron.Walter@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6186 (Associate Programme Officer)

Ms. Iris PILIKA OCEEA Iris.Pilika@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6295 (Programme Officer)

Mr. Martin DEXBORG Martin.Dexborg@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6487 (Adviser on Gender Issues) Programme for Gender Issues Ms. Maaike VAN ADRICHEM Maaike.VanAdrichem@osce.org +43 1 51436 6104 (Project Manager)

Ms. Tetiana RUDENKO OSR/CTHB Tetiana.Rudenko@osce.org +43 1 514 36 6921 (Senior Co-ordination Adviser)

OSCE Institutions dealing with Police-Related Issues

Institution Contact Person Email Phone

Mr. Johannes HEILER Johannes.Heiler@odihr.pl +48 22 5200 742 ODIHR (Adviser on Anti-Terrorism Issues)

Mr. Marc FUMAGALLI Marc.Fumagalli@osce.org +31 70 312 5564 (Senior Adviser to the High Commissioner) HCNM Ms. Jelena NIKOLIC Jelena.Nikolic@osce.org +31 70 312 5547 (Associate Policy Support Officer)

160  APPENDIX 5

OSCE field operations dealing with Police-Related Issues South-Eastern Europe

Field Department Contact Person Email Phone Operation

Mr. Darko ANGELOV (Head of Security Darko.Angelov@osce.org +35569 401 0065 Co-operation Department) Presence Security in Albania Co-operation Ms. Susanna NALTAKYAN (Security Sector Development Susanna.Naltakyan@osce.org +35569 401 0052 Officer)

Dr. Susan PENKSA Susan.Penksa@osce.org +387 33 952 185 Mission to (Head of Security Co-operation) Security Bosnia and Co-operation Herzegovina Ms. Irisa CEVRA Irisa.Cevra@osce.org +387 33 952 245 (National Legal Officer)

Mr. Edward Thomas ANDERSON (Director of the Department for Edward.Anderson@osce.org +383 38 240100 1310 Security and Public Safety) Mission Security and in Kosovo Public Safety Mr. Apollon HOXHA (National Programme Apollon.Hoxha@osce.org +381 38 240100 2015 Co-ordination Officer)

Mr. Stephen HARMON Mission to Security (Project Manager, Security Stephen.Harmon@osce.org +382 20 406 4418 Montenegro Co-operation Co-Operation and Governance)

Mr. Umberto SEVERINI (Head of Security Umberto.Severini@osce.org +381 11 360 6207 Mission Co-operation Department) Police Affairs to Serbia Mr. Jovan PAVLOVIC Jovan.Pavlovic@osce.org +381 11 3606 210 (Senior Programme Assistant)

Mr. Juraj SMOLEK (Head of Public Safety Juraj.Smolek@osce.org +389 2 323 4620 3412 Public Safety and Community Mission and Outreach Department) to Skopje Community Outreach Mr. Mark DIXON (Chief of Police Mark.Dixon@osce.org +389 2 323 4620 3450 Development Unit)

Eastern Europe

Field Department Contact Person Email Phone Operation Conflict Mission to Mr. Vitalie SAVIN Prevention / Vitalie.Savin@osce.org +373 22 887 821 Moldova (National Programme Officer) Resolution Project Human Ms. Liliya GRUDKO Co-ordinator Security Liliya.Grudko@osce.org +380 44 492 0382 3931 (National Programme Manager) in Ukraine Programme

161 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL ON POLICE-RELATED ACTIVITIES 2021

Central Asia

Field Department Contact Person Email Phone Operation

Mr. William Robert LEAF William.Leaf@osce.org +993 12 94 6092 7320 Conflict (Political Officer) Prevention and Centre in Ms. Guncha NEPESOVA Confidence- Guncha.Nepesova@osce.org +993 12 94 6092 7321 Ashgabat (Senior Programme Assistant) and Security- Building Mr. Atajan ROZYMURADOV Atajan.Rozymuradov@osce.org +993 12 94 6092 7344 (Project Assistant)

Mr. Konstantin BEDAREV Konstantin.Bedarev@osce.org +996 312 61 24 45 7129 (Police Matters Adviser) Programme Politico- Office in Military Bishkek Activities Ms. Irina GLUSHCHENKO Irina.Glushchenko@osce.org +996 312 61 24 45 7148 (Senior Programme Assistant)

Mr. Dmitry KAPORTSEV (Counter-Terrorism and Dmitry.Kaportsev@osce.org +372 2265014/15/16 Police Issues Adviser)

Programme Politico- Mr. Bakhrom ABDULLAEV Office in Military (National Police Bakhrom.Abdullaev@osce.org +372 2265014/15/16 Dushanbe Affairs Assistance Officer)

Mr. Bahrom ALIMOV Bahrom.Alimov@osce.org +372 2265014/15/16 (Programme Assistant)

Mr. Jaroslaw KUREK (Senior Politico-Military Jaroslaw.Kurek@osce.org +380 63 372 4894 Programme Politico- Officer) Office in Military Nur‑Sultan Activities Mr. Mikhail ASSAFOV Mikhail.Assafov@osce.org +7 7172 58 00 70 7005 (Senior Project Assistant)

Project Politico- Mr. Mirza Ulugbek Qodir Co-ordinator Military Ugli ABDULLAEV Mirza.Abdullaev@osce.org +998 71 140 0470 in Uzbekistan Activities (National Project Officer)

162 The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

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