Seksualno uznemiravanje žena u Bosni i Hercegovini: Analiza na osnovu podataka iz OSCE-ovog istraživanja o nasilju nad ženama Učestalost različitih oblika rodno zasnovanog nasilja nad ženama u BiH, 2018.
40 35 36 30 28 25 20 nepoznati počinitelji 15 62% 10 11 10 8 5 prijatelji, poznanici ili susjedi 0 2 Nepartnersko Psihičko, fizičko ili seksualno Seksualno 29% fizičko ili od strane sadašnjeg ili uznemiravanje seksualno bivšeg partnera kolega ili šef Od 15. godine U prethodnih 12 mjeseci 17% Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine u BiH (2.255); u FBiH (1.163); u RS (1.019). osobe koje nisu navedene u dostupnim kategorijama Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019.
23%
Učestalost nasilja od strane intimnog partnera (sadašnjeg i bivšeg) i nepartnerskog fizičkog i seksualnog nasilja među ženama sa iskustvom i bez iskustva seksualnog uznemiravanja, procenat odgovora
Učestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja u BiH, 2018. 70 35 60 Žene koje su doživjele 59.5 seksualno uznemiravanje 30 50 31 25 28 40 26 Žene koje nisu doživjele 30 20 seksualno uznemiravanje 20 27.1 15 19.2 10 14 10 3.6 0 10 Nasilje od strane Nepartnersko 9 5 intimnog partnera nasilje (sadašnjeg ili bivšeg) 0 Od navršenih 15 godina Tokom 12 mjeseci prije istraživanja Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine u BiH (2.255). Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019.
Učestalost najtežih oblika seksualnog uznemiravanja u BiH, 2018.
20
18 18 16 Učestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja prema zemlji, 2018, procentualno 14 15 14 17 12 Albanija 34
10 Bosna i 10 Hercegovina 28 8 Crna Gora 18 31 6 Sjeverna 10 4 5 Makedonija 30 4 4 2 Srbija 18 42 0 Moldavija 18 Od navršenih 15 godina Tokom 12 mjeseci prije istraživanja 49
Ukrajina 17 BiH FBiH RS 49
Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine u BiH (2.255); u FBiH (1.163); u RS (1.019). 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. U 12 mjeseci prije istraživanja Od 15. godine
Baza: Sve učesnice istraživanja na cijelom području OSCE-a (žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine (15.179)). Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. Procenat žena koje se ne slažu i izrazito se ne slažu sa stavovima među ženama koje su otkrile i ženama koje nisu otkrile iskustvo seksualnog uznemiravanja
Nasilje u porodici je privatna stvar 24.8 i trebalo bi se rješavati Seksualno uznemiravanje na radnom mjestu, prema vrsti, procentualno unutar porodice 29.1
2.6 5.1 Neprikladno zurenje ili promatranje
12.7 Komentari ili šale sa Nasilje nad ženama često 23.4 seksualnim sadržajem isprovocira sama žrtva 28.9 Neprikladni pozivi za izlazak 23.8 Nametljiva pitanja o privatnom 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 životu 41.2 Nametljivi komentari o fizičkom Žene koje nisu Žene koje su izgledu doživjele seksualno uznemiravanje doživjele seksualno uznemiravanje 14.6 Drugo Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine u BiH (2.255). Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019.
Baza: Žene koje su doživjele bar jedan oblik seksualnog uznemiravanja od osobe iz radnog okruženja (šef ili kolega) u BiH (67). Učestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja prema manjinskom statusu i statusu prisilne Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. migracije, procentualno
BiH 28
Povratnica 33
Izbjeglica, raseljena osoba 33.9 Učestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja od 15. godine, prema starosnoj dobi i entitetu, procentualno Vjerska manjina 30.4
45 Etnička manjina 33.1 40 41.3 0 10 20 30 40 35 37.3 18-29 35.4 30 33.4 Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine u BiH (2.255); etnička manjina (130); vjerska manjina (46); izbjeglica, raseljena osoba (118); povratnica (109). 28.1 30-59 Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. 25 25.1 20 60+ 18.1 18.4 15 17.6 10 5 Emocionalne reakcije žena na najozbiljniji incident seksualnog uznemiravanja, prema entitetu, procentualno 0 BiH FBiH RS Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine u BiH (BiH: 2.255; FBiH: 1.163; RS: 1.019). 45.4 Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. Nelagoda 44.8 46.8 BiH Učestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja prema statusu aktivnosti, procentualno 39.1 Iživciranost 35.7 FBiH Samozaposlena 43.2 41.7
Studentica 40.3 40 RS Bijes 40 Obavlja kućanske poslove 38.4 38.2 i brine se o porodici 30.9 Nezaposlena 25.5 Šok 32.8 29.6 Na plaćenom poslu 24.1 Pomaže u 28.4 22.6 Strah 35.6 porodičnom poslu 19.4 Penzionisana 17.6 24.7 Stid/sram 31.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 16.8
Učestalost seksualnog uznemiravanja prema nivou obrazovanja, procentualno 13.5 Agresivnost 17.5 8 Master ili ekvivalent 20 5.2 Bakalaureat ili ekvivalent 44.5 Krivnja 7.7 2.8 Više srednje obrazovanje 32.7 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Niže srednje obrazovanje 17.5 Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine koje su prijavile najozbiljniji incident seksualnog uznemiravanja Osnovno obrazovanje 15.5 (BiH: 450; FBiH: 241; RS: 199). Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. Nije učestvovala u 7.5 formalnom obrazovanju, nije završila osnovnu školu 0 10 20 30 40 50 Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine u BiH (2.255). Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. Psihološke posljedice najozbiljnijeg incidenta seksualnog uznemiravanja, Procenat žena koje su navele različite oblike seksualnog uznemiravanja kao najozbiljniji prema entitetu, procentualno incident koji su doživjele i koje su podijelile/prijavile taj incident drugima
15.6 Neprimjereni pokušaji zbliža- 46.2 53.8 Osjećaj ranjivosti 18.2 BiH vanja na društvenim mrežama 11.9 13.4 FBiH Nametljivi komentari o 48.9 51.1 19.5 fizičkom izgledu Anksioznost 6.4 RS Nametljiva pitanja o privatnom 54.5 45.5 13.3 životu Gubitak 17.1 samopouzdanja 8.6 Neprikladni pozivi za izlazak 35.3 64.7 12.1 Poteškoće u spavanju 17.3 Komentari ili šale sa 4.8 seksualnim sadržajem 57.4 42.6
10.6 Neprikladno zurenje ili 42.4 57.6 Depresija 14.4 promatranje 5.9 9.6 Neželjeno dodirivanje, grljenje 58.3 41.7 Napadi panike 12.7 ili ljubljenje 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 9.4 Poteškoće u 13.1 odnosima s ljudima Podijelile/prijavile Nisu podijelile/nisu prijavile 5.3 7 Poteškoće sa 8.7 Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine koje su prijavile najozbiljniji incident seksualnog uznemiravanja koncentracijom (BiH: 450; FBiH: 241; RS: 199). 4.2 Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019.
0 5 10 15 20 25 Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine koje su prijavile najozbiljniji incident seksualnog uznemiravanja Procenat žena koje su doživjele najteži incident seksualnog uznemiravanja i (BiH: 450; FBiH: 241; RS: 199). podijelile/prijavile taj incident, prema počinitelju Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019.
Neko koga nisu poznavale 55.7 44.3
Neko koga su poznavale 56.2 51.1
Prijatelj, poznanik, susjed 50 50
Žene koje su doživjele seksualno uznemiravanje i podijelile svoje iskustvo sa drugima, Neko s kim su izašle, 46.8 64.7 prema entitetu, procentualno koga su tek upoznale
Rodbina ili član porodice 71 29 2.6 BiH Prijavile policiji 3.6 1.2 Radni kolega 77.3 22.7 FBiH 13.2 Podijelile to sa partnerom 13.8 Bivši dečko 54.5 45.5 13.2 RS Bivši partner 73.1 26.9 Podijelile sa članom/ 25.1 članicom porodice ili 19.9 rodbine 32.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
26.8 Podijelile sa prijateljicom/ 20.4 Podijelile/prijavile Nisu podijelile/nisu prijavile prijateljem 35.1 Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine koje su prijavile najozbiljniji incident seksualnog uznemiravanja 2.9 (BiH: 450; FBiH: 241; RS: 199). Podijelile sa 1.5 Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019. kolegicom/kolegom 4.1
1.3 Prijavile poslodavcu, 2 šefu/šefici 0.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Baza: Žene u dobi od 18 do 74 godine koje su prijavile najozbiljniji incident seksualnog uznemiravanja (BiH: 450; FBiH: 241; RS: 199). Izvor: OSCE-ovo istraživanje o nasilju nad ženama, 2019.
Mehanizmi za PREPORUKE ravnopravnost spolova na 1. Kontinuirani rad na podizanju svijesti o državnom i seksualnom uznemiravanju kao obliku entitetskom nivou rodno zasnovanog nasilja među trebali bi preuzeti ženama i muškarcima. vodeću ulogu u uspostavljanju i 2. Poboljšanje mehanizama zaštite promoviranju na svim nivoima vlasti i u svim takvih mehanizama relevantnim okruženjima. zaštite.
Sexual harassment of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Analysis Based on Data from the OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women Prevalence of different forms of gender-based violence against women in BiH, 2018:
40 35 36 30 28 25 20 unknown perpetrators 15 62% 10 11 10 8 5 friends, acquaintances, or neighbours 0 2 Non-partner Current or previous partner Sexual 29% physical or sexual psychological, physical harassment or sexual a colleague or boss Since age of 15 Past 12 months 17% Base: Women aged 18-74 in BiH (2,255), in FBiH (1,163), in RS (1,019) someone who not specified in the available categories Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019.
23%
Prevalence of intimate partner violence (current and previous) and non-partner physical and sexual violence among women with and without experience of sexual harassment, per cent:
Prevalence of sexual harassment in BiH, 2018: 70 35 60 Women with experience 59.5 sexual harassment 30 50 31 25 28 40 26 Women without experience 30 20 sexual harassment 20 27.1 15 19.2 10 14 10 3.6 0 10 Intimate partner violence Non-partner 9 5 (current or previous) violence
0 Base: Women aged 18-74 in BiH (2,255). Since age of 15 In the 12 months prior to the survey Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019
Prevalence of the most severe forms of sexual harassment in BiH, 2018:
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18 18 16 Prevalence of sexual harassment by country, 2018, % 14 15 14 17 12 Albania 34
10 Bosnia and 10 Herzegovina 28 8 Montenegro 18 31 6 North 10 4 5 Macedonia 30 4 4 2 Serbia 18 42 0 Moldova 18 Since age of 15 In the 12 months prior to the survey 49
Ukraine 17 BiH FBiH RS 49
Base: Women aged 18-74 in BiH (2,255); in FBiH (1,163); in RS (1,019). 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019 In the 12 month prior to the survey Since age of 15
Base: All participants in the OSCE-wide survey (women aged 18-74 (15,179)). Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019 Percentage of women who disagree and strongly disagree with attitudes among women who disclosed and women who did not disclose the experience of sexual harassment:
Domestic violence is a 24.8 private matter and should be Sexual harassment in the workplace, by type, per cent: handled within the family 29.1
2.6 5.1 Inappropriate staring or leering
12.7 Sexually suggestive comments or Violence against women is often 23.4 jokes provoked by the victim 28.9 Inappropriate invitations to go on 23.8 date Intrusive questions about private 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 life 41.2 Intrusive comments about physical Women without Women with appearance experience of sexual harassment experience of sexual harassment 14.6 Other Base: Women aged 18-74 in BiH (2.255). Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019
Women who experienced at least one form of sexual harassment by Prevalence of sexual harassment by minority and forced migration status, co-workers (boss or colleague) in BiH (67). Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019 per cent:
BiH 28
Returnee 33
Refugee, displaced 33.9 Prevalence of sexual harassment since the age of 15, by age and Entity, per cent: Religious minority 30.4
45 Ethnic minority 33.1 40 41.3 0 10 20 30 40 35 37.3 18-29 35.4 30 33.4 Base: Women aged 18-74 in BiH (2,255); ethnic minority (130); religious minority (46); refugee, displaced (118); returnees (109). 28.1 30-59 Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019 25 25.1 20 60+ 18.1 18.4 15 17.6 10 5 Women’s emotional responses to the most serious incident of sexual harassment, by entity, per cent: 0 BiH FBiH RS Base: Women aged 18-74 in BiH (BiH:2,255; FBiH:1,163; RS:1,019). 45.4 Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019 Embarassment 44.8 46.8 BiH Prevalence of sexual harassment by activity status, per cent: 39.1 Annoyance 35.7 FBiH Self-employed 43.2 41.7
Student 40.3 40 RS Anger, rage 40 Inpaidwork 38.4 38.2 30.9 Unemployed 25.5 Shock 32.8 29.6 Fulfilling domestic tasks 24.1 and care responsibilities 28.4 Helping in the famyly business 22.6 Fear 35.6 19.4 In retirement 17.6 24.7 Shame 31.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 16.8
Prevalence of sexual harassment by the level of education, per cent: 13.5 Agression 17.5 8 Master or equivalent 20 5.2 Bachelor or equivalent 44.5 Guilt 7.7 2.8 Uppersecondaryeducation 32.7 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Lower secondary education 17.5 Base: Women aged 18-74 who reported a most serious incident of sexual harassment, Primary education 15.5 (BiH:450; FBiH:241; RS:199). Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019. Never been in formal 7.5 education, not completed primary education 0 10 20 30 40 50 Base: Women aged 18-74 in BiH (2.255). Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019 Psychological consequences of the most serious incident of Percentage of women who pointed to different forms of sexual harassment as the sexual harassment, by entity, per cent: most serious incident they experienced and sharing/reporting that incident to others, per cent:
15.6 Inappropriate advances on 46.2 53.8 Feeling vulnerable 18.2 BiH social networks 11.9 13.4 Intrusive comments about FBiH physical appearance 48.9 51.1 Anxiety 19.5 6.4 RS Intrusive questions about 54.5 45.5 13.3 private life Loss of 17.1 self-confidence 8.6 Inappropriate invitations to go 35.3 64.7 out on dates 12.1 Difficulty in sleeping 17.3 Sexually suggestive comments 4.8 57.4 42.6 or jokes 10.6 Inappropriate staring or Depression 14.4 leering 42.4 57.6 5.9 9.6 Unwelcome touching, hugging 58.3 41.7 Panic attacks 12.7 or kissing 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 9.4 Difficulty in 13.1 relationships with other people 5.3 Shared/reported Not shared/not reported
7 Difficulty 8.7 Base: Women aged 18-74 who reported a most serious incident of sexual harassment, concentrating (BiH:450; FBiH:241; RS:199). 4.2 Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019.
0 5 10 15 20 25 Base: Women aged 18-74 who reported a most serious incident of sexual harassment, Percentage of women who experienced the most serious incident of sexual harassment (BiH:450; FBiH:241; RS:199). bylisted perpetrators who shared/reported that incident, per cent: Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019.
Someone they did not know 55.7 44.3
Somebody else they know 56.2 51.1
Friend, acquaintance, neighbour 50 50
Women with experience of sexual harassment who shared their experience A date, someone they 46.8 64.7 with others, by entity, per cent: just met
Relative/family member 71 29 2.6 BiH Reported to police 3.6 1.2 Co-worker 77.3 22.7 FBiH 13.2 Shared with partner 13.8 Previous boyfriend 54.5 45.5 13.2 RS Previous partner 73.1 26.9 25.1 Shared with famyily 19.9 member or relative 32.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
26.8 Shared with friend 20.4 Shared/reported Not shared/not reported 35.1 Base: Women aged 18-74 who reported a most serious incident of sexual harassment, 2.9 (BiH:450; FBiH:241; RS:199). Shared with 1.5 Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019. colleagues 4.1
1.3 Reported to employer, 2 boss 0.8
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Base: Women aged 18-74 who reported a most serious incident of sexual harassment, (BiH:450; FBiH:241; RS:199). Source: OSCE-led Survey on Violence against Women, 2019.
Gender equality RECOMMENDATION mechanisms at State and 1. Continuous work on increasing Entity levels awareness of sexual harassment as a should take the form of gender-based violence among lead in the both women and men. establishment and promotion 2. Improving protection mechanisms of such protection at all levels of governance and mechanisms. in all relevant settings.