Roma On The Margins - A History of Persecution, Discrimination and Exclusion

Romi na marginama Istorija progona, diskriminacije i isključenosti

Roma on the Margins A History of Persecution, Discrimination and Exclusion

Sarajevo, 2018 SADRŽAJ

Romi na marginama: Istorija progona, diskriminacije i isključenosti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

O izložbi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

Nomadski način života . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Svirači i zabavljači . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Vračarina kletva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Površni i aljkavi u radu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Čudni običaji i zaostala tradicija . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Nevjernici . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Bludne i nemoralne žene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Maloljetnički brakovi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Život bez roditeljske ljubavi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Djeca prosjaci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Neobrazovani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Nezaposleni. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Pasivni i bespomoćni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Loša reputacija . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Kradljivci djece . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Dileri droga i ovisnici . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Odsustvo zajedničke istorije . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Zlostavljači životinja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

O CPI-u . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84

O fotografima . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 CONTENTS

Roma on the Margins: A History of Persecution, Discrimination, and Exclusion . . . . .8

About the exhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

The Nomad Life . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Fiddlers and Fools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

The Fortune Teller’s Curse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Shoddy Craftsmanship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Strange Customs and Backwards Traditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Without Religion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Lustful and Immoral Women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Child Brides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Unloving Parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Beggar Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Uneducated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Passive and Helpless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Reprehensible Reputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Baby Stealers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Drug Dealers and Addicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

An Absence of Shared Histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

Animal Abusers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

About PCRC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

About photographers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 NA MARGINAMA Kratka istorija diskriminacije teritoriji bivše Jugoslavije pod njemačkom okupacijom završilo Roma u Evropi je u koncentracionim logorima, kao što su Sajmište i Jasenovac, dok je romska populacija u Hrvatskoj i Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) Vjeruje se da Romi potječu iz sjeverne Indije i da su emigrirali bila gotovo desetkovana. Logori pod nazivom ‘Zigeunerlager’, u Evropu preko Bliskog istoka tokom 10. i 11. vijeka (Vijeće od njemačke riječi ‘Zigeuner’, koja vjerovatno potječe od grč- Evrope, 2015). Romski jezik spada u grupu indoevropskih kovizantijskog izraza ‘nedodirljivi’, posebno su bili namijenjeni jezika, sličan jezicima koji se danas govore u sjevernoj Indiji, a zatvaranju pripadnika romske populacije. izraz ‘Romi’ je inačica prakritske riječi ‘dom’, što znači ‘ljudsko biće’. Tokom Srednjeg vijeka, Romi su bili predmetom progo- Romska populacija se poslije Drugog svjetskog rata na- na u Istočnoj Evropi, a nakon izvjesnog perioda prihvaćeno- stavila suočavati s opštom kulturološkom, ekonomskom i sti, i u Zapadnoj Evropi (Fondacija otvoreno društvo, 2014). društvenom diskriminacijom i isključenošću širom Evrope. Prema podacima Vijeća Evrope, preko 500 godina, od 14. do Prema podacima Vijeća Evrope, takođe je prevladavalo sredine 19. vijeka, Romi su sistematski porobljavani na terito- etničko profiliranje Roma, o čemu svjedoče brojni slučajevi riji koju danas poznajemo kao Rumunija. policijskog nadzora nad romskim zajednicama i pretjeranog ograničavanja kretanja. Evropska istorija progona Roma nastavila se i u 20. vijeku. Pored Jevreja, LGBTI osoba i drugih populacija koje su smatrane inferi- Prema izvorima Svjetske banke, romske zajednice su izrazito ornim ili prijetnjom po Treći rajh, Romi su bili meta nacističkog ekonomski ugrožene, što je rezultat niza međusobno po- režima. Prema podacima Memorijalnog muzeja holokausta u vezanih problema. U Istočnoj Evropi, na primjer, preko 71% Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, desetine hiljada Roma na romskih domaćinstava živi u ekstremnom siromaštvu. Iako

4 Istorija progona, diskriminacije i isključenosti mnoge od ovih porodica žive u visoko razvijenim državama, potpunog ostvarenja osnovnih ljudskih prava zagarantovanih ipak se moraju boriti sa siromaštvom i obespravljenošću Ustavom BiH, u koje spadaju i prava na imovinu i pristup koje je na istom nivou kao i u najnerazvijenijim dijelovima socijalnoj pomoći, obrazovanju i zapošljavanju. svijeta, kao i sa slabim izgledima za zaradu zbog stalne ne- zaposlenosti i nedostatka obrazovanja. Jaz između romske Od samog rođenja, Romi nailaze na velike prepreke u poku- porodice i prosječne evropske porodice produbljuje se na šajima da razbiju začarani krug siromaštva, da dobiju pristup svakodnevnoj osnovi. formalnom obrazovanju, te da postanu prihvaćeni od strane većinskih populacija. Romi najčešće ne prijavljuju rođenje Trenutni status Roma u djeteta jer majke Romkinje često nemaju finansijskih sred- Bosni i Hercegovini stava da obave porod u bolnici ili da prolaze kroz administra- tivne procedure prijavljivanja novorođenčadi. Zato su romska Prema istraživanju iz 2013. godine, koje je provela Misija djeca pod većim rizikom da ostanu bez državljanstva i budu Organizacije za sigurnost i saradnju u Evropi u Bosni i ‘nevidljivi’ u očima države. Romska djeca su izložena raznim Hercegovini (Misija OSCE-a u BiH) i Institucija ombudsmana prijetnjama po njihovo fizičko zdravlje i preprekama pristupu za ljudska prava u BiH, procjenjuje se da oko 50.000 Roma zdravstvenim uslugama. Istraživačka studija pod nazivom živi na teritoriji BiH (Specijalni izvještaj o statusu Roma u ‘Ishrana i zdravstveno stanje romske djece u 2008. godini’, koju BiH, OSCE, 2013.). Romi su najbrojnija nacionalna manjina u je proveo UNICEF u BiH, otkrila je da polovina romske djece BiH, a nalaze se među najugroženijim manjinama u društve- mlađe od šest mjeseci pati od hronične neuhranjenosti, da je nom, ekonomskom i političkom smislu. U današnjoj poslije- češće bolesna, te da je pod rizikom od dugotrajnih posljedica ratnoj BiH, Romi se suočavaju s nizom poteškoća u oblasti zbog nepravilnosti u razvoju.

5 Još jedan izazov koji narušava kvalitet života Roma ogleda procijenila je da je procenat mladih dobi 15 do 24 godine bez se u uslovima života koje su Romi veoma često prinuđeni zaposlenja u 2017. godini bio 67,5%, dok je stopa nezaposle- podnositi. Između 50 i 70% Roma u BiH živi u neuslovnim nosti u opštoj populaciji bila blizu 26%. Iz tog razloga, mali stambenim objektima, najčešće u objektima koji se sastoje broj Roma ima priliku dobiti (formalno) zaposlenje, a uz to se od samo jedne prostorije, bez pristupa sanitarnom čvoru ili često suočavaju sa niskim primanjima i privremenim oblicima direktnom vodosnabdijevanju. Čak 30% Roma živi u stam- zapošljavanja. Za Romkinje je ova situacija još teža. U Izvještaju benim objektima bez kuhinje, a 17% nema stalan pristup Komisije za eliminaciju svih oblika diskriminacije žena (CEDAW snabdijevanju električnom energijom. Posjedovanje imovine Komisija) iz 2010. godine navode se rezultati istraživanja koje nije uobičajeno, pa manje od polovine romske populacije je obuhvatilo cjelokupnu državu, a koje pokazuje da je stopa uživa potpuno ili djelimično pravo vlasništva nad stambenim nezaposlenosti Romkinja blizu 82%, da samo 9% Romkinja objektima u kojima žive (UNICEF, 2013.). radi u neformalnom sektoru, te da se 7% Romkinja bavi prosjačenjem da bi preživjelo. Veoma mali broj Roma (2%–3%) Pristup adekvatnom obrazovanju predstavlja još jedan izazov. zaposleno je u javnom sektoru (UNICEF, 2013.). Unatoč široko rasprostranjenoj pogrešnoj percepciji da Romi ne žele školovati svoju djecu, kvalitativne studije ukazuju na Zakonski okvir u BiH činjenicu da romske porodice cijene obrazovanje i shvataju njegov značaj u prevladavanju ciklusa siromaštva na nivou Zakonski okvir u BiH u velikoj je mjeri uslovljen međunarod- zajednice (UNICEF, 2013.). Uočen je značajan raskorak između nim sporazumima kojima je država formalno pristupila ili ih broja romske djece upisane u školu i broja romske djece ratifikovala. Međunarodni standardi, poput onih utvrđenih koja redovno pohađaju nastavu, prilikom usporedbe sa istim odredbama Evropske konvencije o ljudskim pravima, propisuju odnosom u populaciji djece drugih nacionalnosti, a takav obavezu BiH da osigura uživanje svih prava propisanih zako- raskorak može biti pripisan brojnim preprekama u pristupu nom svim svojim građanima, bez diskriminacije na osnovu spo- obrazovanju, uključujući tu ekstremno siromaštvo, promjene la, rasne pripadnosti, jezika, vjeroispovjesti, političkih ili drugih prebivališta, nepostojanje pouzdanog prevoza i nedostatak fi- ubjeđenja, nacionalnog ili socijalnog porijekla, pripadnosti nansijskih sredstava (Institucija ombudsmana za ljudska prava nacionalnoj manjini, imovinskog stanja, rođenja ili statusa BiH, 2013.). Takođe je uočen i opšti nedostatak razumijevanja proisteklog po drugom osnovu (Protokol 12, Član 1). učenika i nastavnika za uslove života sa kojima se suočava- ju njihovi školski drugovi Romi, što je posebno izraženo u Vremenom su javne institucije prihvatile različite međuna- zajednicama u kojima prevladava jednonacionalna struktura rodne standarde za zaštitu ljudskih prava kojima se uvode većinskog stanovništva. Broj romske djece koja pohađaju principi nediskriminacije i štite prava Roma, te su takvi rano obrazovanje i dalje je veoma nizak (13,1%) iako je 2008. standardi integrirani i u domaće propise, poput Zakona o godine zakonom usvojenim na državnom nivou propisano zaštiti prava pripadnika nacionalnih manjina (2003.) i Zakona da svako dijete mora pohađati predškolsko obrazovanje u o zabrani diskriminacije (2009.). Međutim, unatoč ratifikaciji trajanju od godinu dana. Isključivanje romske djece iz ovakvih međunarodnih sporazuma i usvajanju propisa o borbi protiv programa predškolskog obrazovanja može se negativno odra- diskriminacije, zakonski okvir u BiH i dalje omogućava insti- ziti na njihovu spremnost za pohađanje nastave u osnovnoj tucionalnu diskriminaciju i isključivanje. školi (UNICEF, 2013.). Pored toga, Ustav BiH ne priznaje Rome i druge manjinske Kada se desi da mladi Romi uspiju okončati svoje obrazovanje, narode kao građane sa pravima jednakim onima koje uživaju čeka ih još jedna prepreka. BiH je jedna od država sa najvećom njihovi sugrađani Bošnjaci, Hrvati i Srbi. To spriječava građane stopom nezaposlenosti mladih na svijetu. Svjetska banka koji nisu pripadnici jednog od tri konstitutivna naroda u

6 BiH da se kandiduju za člana Predsjedništva BiH ili da budu delegirani u Dom naroda Parlamentarne skupštine BiH. Stav O izložbi Evropskog suda za ljudska prava je da je ta situacija diskri- minatorna i da se njome krši Evropska konvencija o ljudskim Romi, takođe poznati pod nazivom Tsingani, Sinti i Manush, pravima. Međutim, već skoro deset godina ta presuda nije su često prikazani kao egzotični, neobični, čak opasni, i provedena ni na kakav svrsishodan način (Sejdić i Finci protiv oni su se, kroz stoljeća, često suočavali sa diskriminacijom Bosne i Hercegovine, Evropski sud za ljudska prava, 2009). i progonom u cijeloj Evropi. Danas u Evropi živi između 12 i 15 miliona Roma, od čega oko 70% populacije u istoč- noj Evropi. Diskriminacija i predrasude prema Romima su Još postoji nada u bolju budućnost utkane u evropsko društveno i kulturno tkivo i, bez obzira bosanskohercegovačkih Roma na njihovu poziciju kao jedne od najvećih etničkih manjina u Evropi, Romima nije pružena odgovarajuća platforma za Bez obzira na dugu istoriju diskriminacije nad Romima u borbu protiv negativnih percepcija koje ljudi imaju o njima. Evropi i na efekat marginalizacije koji je proistekao iz te dis- Ova izložba je osmišljena sa ciljem da pruži priliku pripad- kriminacije, ovaj problem nije nesavladiv. Postoji potreba za nicima Romskih zajednica da podijele svoje priče. Prikazi uravnoteženim i održivim pristupom kojim se kombinuju ci- i lična svjedočenja predstavljena u ovoj izložbi su u oštroj ljevi zaštite ljudskih prava sa domaćim socijalnim politikama suprotnosti sa široko zastupljenim stereotipima i pogrešnim djelovanja u svrhu izlaženja iz vrzinog kola isključivanja Roma. percepcijama o Romima i predstavljaju izazov za publiku Potrebna je šira provedba pravnog okvira BiH da bi se im- da preispita svoje stavove i predrasude o ovoj jedinstvenoj plementirale sveobuhvatne politike djelovanja koje se bave i raznolikoj zajednici. Ova izložba ima za cilj podsticanje stvarnim potrebama romskih zajednica. Štaviše, pružanje dijaloga o načinima za poboljšanje statusa Roma i drugih mogućnosti Romima da javno ispričaju svoje priče izuzetno manjinskih naroda, podizanje nivoa svijesti i razumijevanja obećava u smislu promjene temeljnih stereotipa i negativnih o izazovima sa kojima se suočavaju bosanskohercegovački predodžbi uvriježenih ne samo u BiH, nego širom Evrope. Romi i borbu protiv diskriminacije i stereotipa koji vode daljoj marginalizaciji i isključivanju romskih zajednica. Kada osobe koje nisu Romi počnu da preispituju svoja uvjerenja i ponašanje prema Romima, oni tada polažu u zemlju sjeme jedne šire promjene u kulturi i ponašanju koja može voditi ka inkluzivnijem društvu za sve.

Koncept projekta pod nazivom “Na marginama” se osla- nja na nekoliko ključnih dokumenata, uključujući “Dosta! Priručnik za borbu protiv diskriminacije nad Romima” Vijeća Evrope, “Specijalni izvještaj o položaju Roma u Bosni i Hercegovini” Misije OSCE-a u BiH, UNICEF-ov izvještaj “Položaj romske djece i porodica u Bosni i Hercegovini”, izvještaje Svjetske banke u Bosni i Hercegovini i Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije u BiH.

7 ON THE MARGINS A Brief History of Roma According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Discrimination in Europe Museum, tens of thousands of Roma in the German- occupied territories of the former Yugoslavia were sent to It is believed that the Roma originated in northern India and concentration camps such as Sajmište and Jasenovac and the migrated to Europe via the Middle East between the 10th Roma populations of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina th and 11 centuries (Council of Europe, 2015). The Romani (BiH) were nearly decimated. Camps called Zigeunerlager— language is an Indo-European language similar to those from the German word “Zigeuner” which likely stems from a spoken in northern India today and the term “Roma” derives Byzantine Greek term meaning “untouchable”—were speci- from the Prakrit word “dom”, which means “human being”. fically used to detain members of the Roma population. Throughout the Middle Ages, the Roma faced persecution in Eastern Europe and, after an initial period of welcome, in Post-WWII Roma populations continued to face widespread Western Europe as well (Open Society Foundation, 2014). cultural, economic, and social discrimination and exclusion According to Council of Europe data, the Roma were syste- across Europe. According to the Council of Europe, ethnic matically enslaved in what is now Romania for a period of profiling of the Roma was also prevalent, as numerous more than 500 years, from the 14th to the mid-19th century. accounts were given of special police surveillance of Roma communities and undue restriction of movement. Europe’s legacy of Roma persecution continued into the 20th century. In addition to Jews, LGBTQ persons, and According to the World Bank, Roma communities are subject other groups deemed inferior and/or threatening to the to considerable economic vulnerability, reflecting a com- Third Reich, the Roma were targeted by the Nazi regime. plex set of interrelated challenges. In Eastern Europe, for

8 A History of Persecution, Discrimination and Exclusion instance, 71% or more of Roma households live in extreme marginalized. In today’s post-war BiH, the Roma face a series poverty. Although many of these families reside in highly of difficulties exercising their full range of fundamental developed countries they nonetheless have to cope with human rights guaranteed under the BiH Constitution, inclu- levels of poverty and deprivation on par with the poorest ding property rights and access to social welfare, education, areas of the world and face bleak economic prospects due to and employment. persistent unemployment and low levels of education. The gap between a Roma family and an average European family From birth, Roma face significant hurdles in their efforts to broadens every day. break the cycle of poverty, obtain a formal education, and gain acceptance among majority populations. Roma are The Current Status of Roma more likely to be unregistered at birth as Roma mothers in Bosnia and Herzegovina often lack the financial resources necessary to deliver their children in a hospital or to navigate the administrative A 2013 survey conducted by the Organization for Security processes of registering a birth. This puts Roma children and Co-operation in Europe, Mission to Bosnia and at a higher risk for statelessness, rendering them legally Herzegovina (OSCE Mission to BiH) and the Institution of ‘invisible’ in the eyes of the state. Roma children also face Human Rights Ombudsman of BiH estimated that approxi- widespread challenges to their physical health and access mately 50,000 Roma are living in the territory of BiH (Special to healthcare. The research study “Nutrition and Health Report on the status of Roma in BiH, OSCE, 2013). The Roma Status of Roma Children in 2008” conducted by the United constitute the country’s largest national minority group and Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund in Bosnia are among BiH’s most socially, economically and politically and Herzegovina (UNICEF BiH) revealed that half of all Roma

9 children under 6 months of age suffer from chronic malnu- world. The World Bank estimates that the percentage of trition, are more frequently sick, and are at risk of life-long young people aged 15-24 without work in 2017 was 67.5%, consequences from developmental delays. while the unemployment rate among the general populati- on neared 26%. Roma are thus subject to low levels of (for- Another challenge that affects the Roma’s quality of life mal) employment, low wages, and temporary labor contra- is the living conditions they are often forced to endure. cts. For Roma women, the situation is amplified. A 2010 UN Between 50 – 70% of Roma in BiH live in unsafe residential Committee on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination buildings—commonly one-room dwellings—that are witho- against Women (CEDAW) report quoted a nation-wide ut sanitary facilities or direct water lines. As many as 30% of survey that showed that almost 82 %of Romani women were Roma do not possess a formal kitchen and 17% do not have unemployed, 9 % were working in the informal sector and stable access to an electricity source. Property ownership is 7 % were begging for survival. Very few Roma (2%–3%) are uncommon and less than half of the Roma population is for- employed in the public sector (UNICEF, 2013). mally registered as the owners or co-owners of their homes (UNICEF, 2013). The BiH Legal Framework Obtaining proper education is another challenge, and, BiH’s legal framework is largely shaped by international despite the common misconceptions that Roma do not agreements that have been formally acceded to or ratified want to send their children to school, qualitative studies by the state. International standards such as those set forth show that Roma families value education and understand its under the European Convention on Human Rights require importance in breaking community-wide cycles of poverty that BiH secure the enjoyment of all rights set forth by law (UNICEF, 2013). Significant gaps exist between the enroll- to its citizens, without discrimination on any ground such ment and attendance rates of Roma children as compared as sex, race, language, religion, political or other opinions, to the national averages for non-Roma children and can be national or social origin, association with a national minority, attributed to various barriers to access, including extreme property, birth or other status (Protocol No. 12, Article 1). poverty, residence changes, a deficit of reliable transpor- tation, and a lack of financial means (Institution of Human Over time, public institutions have come to accept va- Rights Ombudsman of BiH, 2013). There is a general absence rious international human rights standards that enforce of sensitivity among students and teachers to the conditi- non-discrimination principles and protect the rights of ons their Roma peers must face, especially in communities Roma people, and such standards have been adopted into where the majority population belongs to a single ethnic national legislation. This includes laws such as the Law on group. The number of Roma children enrolled in early child- the Protection of Rights of Members of National Minorities hood education programs remains low (13.1%) even though (2003) and the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination in BiH a 2008 state law was passed mandating that every child (2009). However, despite the ratification of international complete one year of preschool. The exclusion of Roma chi- agreements and the adoption of anti-discrimination legisla- ldren from these preschool programs can lead to detrimen- tion, BiH’s legislative framework still permits institutional tal effects regarding their readiness to attend elementary discrimination and exclusion. schools (UNICEF, 2013). In addition, the Constitution of BiH does not recognize In cases in which Roma youth are able to complete their Roma and other minority groups as citizens with rights education, they will be faced with yet another obstacle. BiH equal to those of their Bosniak, Croat, and Serb counterpar- has one of the highest youth unemployment rates in the ts. This prevents citizens that do not belong to one of BiH’s

10 three constituent groups from running for member of the BiH Presidency or selected in the House of Peoples of the About the Exhibition BiH Parliamentary Assembly. The European Court of Human Rights has declared this situation discriminatory and in vio- The Roma, also known as Tsingani, Sinti, and Manush, are lation of the European Convention on Human Rights, but for often portrayed as exotic, strange, and even dangerous, almost ten years, this judgment has not been applied in any and have faced discrimination and persecution througho- meaningful way (Sejdić and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina, ut Europe for centuries. Today, between 12 and 15 million European Court of Human Rights, 2009). Roma live in Europe, with approximately 70% of the popu- lation in Eastern Europe. Anti-Roma discrimination and pre- There is Still Hope for a Better judice has been woven into the European social and cultural Future for BiH’s Roma fabric, and, despite their position as one Europe’s largest ethnic minorities, Roma are not given a proper platform to Despite Europe’s long history of discrimination against the combat the negative perceptions people have about them. Roma and the marginalizing effects that have resulted from This exhibition was created as a platform for Roma voices to this discrimination, this problem is not intractable. There share their stories. The portraits and personal testimonies is a need to take a balanced and sustainable approach that presented in this exhibition stand in stark contrast to widely combines human rights goals and domestic social policies to held Roma stereotypes and misconceptions and challenge break the endemic cycle of Roma exclusion. Wider enfor- the viewer to reexamine his or her own viewpoints and cement of BiH’s legal framework is needed to implement prejudices about this unique and diverse community. This comprehensive policies that address the real needs of Roma exhibition aims to facilitate dialogue around how we can communities. Furthermore, giving Roma platforms to tell improve the status of Roma and other minority groups, raise their stories has enormous promise in changing the under- awareness and understanding of the challenges faced by lying stereotypes and negative perceptions ingrained not Bosnian Roma individuals, and combat the stereotypes that only in BiH but across Europe. lead to further marginalization and exclusion of Roma com- munities. When non-Roma individuals begin to reexamine their own beliefs and behavior toward Roma, they then sow the seeds for a wider cultural and behavioral shift that can lead to a more inclusive society for all.

The concept for “On the Margins” was developed around several core documents, including the Council of Europe’s “Dosta! Toolkit Against Anti-Gypsyism”, the OSCE Mission to BiH’s “Special Report on the Status of Roma in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, UNICEF’s “The Status of Roma Children and Families in Bosnia and Herzegovina”, reports by the World Bank in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

11 Stereotip: Nomadski način života Percepcija: Romi su bezbrižni nomadi koji žive u šatorima Realnost: U prethodnim stoljećima, nomadski način života i čergama, bez stvarne veze sa zajednicama u kojima žive. gotovo nikada nije bio stvar slobodnog izbora, već posljedi- Zbog nomadskog načina života, oni ne vode računa o druš- ca stalnog progona i protjerivanja, koji su pratili Rome kroz tvenim normama i pravilima ponašanja, izbjegavaju trajnu njihovu prošlost. Danas, samo 20 posto evropskih Roma žive odgovornost i ne snose posljedice svojih postupaka. nomadskim načinom života. Kada u susretu sa novim sta- novništvom ne naiđu na nasilje i prisilno raseljavanje, romske zajednice često grade stabilne i trajne nastambe.

Porodica Čengalović: Hatka (77) i Sakib “Dedo” (81), Bisera Musić Ferhatović (82), zemljoradnici najstarija žena u selu

Hatka: “Živim u ovom selu cijeli život. Ovdje sam rođena, “Ovdje živim cijeli svoj život. Moji preci oduvijek su živjeli ov- ovdje ću i umrijeti. Cijeli život bavili smo se zemljoradnjom i dje. Nikada nismo lutali svijetom, niti živjeli u šatorima. Jedina stočarstvom i od toga živjeli. Uvijek smo imali zemlju i na njoj sam Romkinja u selu koja tečno govori romski jezik i oduvijek smo sadili različite usjeve, od kukuruza do krompira. Morali vodim računa o tome da kada se ljeti okupimo oko logorske smo raditi od jutra do večeri, ali kad znaš kako, onda možeš vatre, djeci pričam priče na našem jeziku. Uvijek me veseli imati svoj kukuruz, krompir i voće. Dedo i ja uvijek smo kada vidim da drugi Romi uživaju slušajući me dok govorim pripremali zimnicu. Čuvali smo voće i povrće i djeca su nam na romskom jeziku. Nastojim im prenijeti neke riječi, da bi pomagala u tome, pa nikad nismo morali čekati da nam neko znali svoj jezik i svoje korijene. Takvo podučavanje zna mi drugi da hranu. Uvijek smo imali i stoku. Držali smo ovce, predstavljati izazov, jer djeca u selu ne uče romski jezik u ško- koze, kokoši i patke. Oko stoke i peradi ima puno posla, ali li. Teško je zapamtiti jezik koji se ne koristi u svakodnevnom zato imaš mesa i jaja. Nije mi bilo teško raditi i istovremeno životu. Zaradila sam penziju radeći u komunalnom preduze- odgajati djecu. I dedo je puno radio. Radio je 38 godina kao ću, ovdje u Vitezu. Nije bilo lako i ljudi su me često obasipali zidar i tu je zaradio penziju. Ja sam ostala kod kuće, podizala uvredama dok sam čistila ulice. No, nikada nisam obraćala pa- djecu i učila ih da rade različite stvari i budu vrijedni, da bi žnju na ono što ljudi govore. Radila sam svoj posao savjesno. nam kasnije mogli pomoći. Imala sam četvoro dobre djece. Nikada se nisam željela osjećati drukčije. Vjerujem da smo svi Svi su stupili u brak, osim Džemila. Moj Džemil ostao je sa isti ljudi od krvi i mesa, i da nas je Bog sve stvorio”. dedom i sa mnom do aprila 1993. Radio je kao konobar i bio je veoma vrijedan. Nadala sam se da će se i on oženiti i imati svoju porodicu. Umjesto da planiramo njegovu svadbu, mi smo ga sahranili. Poginuo je iza naše kuće, od granate. Baš ovdje, gdje je sada cvijeće. Sve se desilo iznenada. Kada je granata pala, ja sam bila u kući. Ja sam ranjena, a on je poginuo. Nastradala nam je i sva stoka, patke i kokoši. Nikad neću zaboraviti taj užas. Majka sam i nikada ga neću prežaliti. Džemil je sahranjen ovdje, na seoskom groblju. Poslije toga ni dedo ni ja više nismo isti. Naš život izgubio je smisao. Najteže od svega je ostati bez svog djeteta”.

12 Stereotype: The Nomad Life Perception: Roma are carefree nomads who live in tents and Reality: In previous centuries, nomadism was almost never caravans, devoid of any real connection to the communities a matter of free choice but of persecution with continuous in which they live. Their nomadic lifestyle allows them to expulsion recurring throughout Roma history. Today, only disregard social norms and mores and to avoid long-term 20% of European Roma are still nomadic. When not met with responsibility and accountability. violence and forced displacement, Roma communities often build stable and permanent settlements.

The Čengalović Family: Hatka (77) and Sakib “Dedo” (81), Bisera Musić Ferhatović (82), Farmers Oldest Woman in Her Village

Hatka: “I have been living in this village my whole life. I was born “I have lived here forever. My ancestors have always been here and I will die here. We only worked around and lived off of the here. We never wandered around the world camping in land and the livestock. We always had land and on it, we planted tents. I’m the only Roma woman left in the village who is many different crops—from maize to potatoes. We had to work fluent in the Romani language and to this day, when sitting from morning until evening, but when you know how to sow, you next to the bonfire in the summer, I make sure to tell the can have your own corn, potatoes, and fruits. Dedo and I always children stories in our language. I am always happy to see used to prepare food for the winter. We would stock up on fruits that young Roma people enjoy hearing me speak Romani. I and vegetables and our children would help us prepare everything try to teach them some words to remember, to know their so that we never had to rely on someone else to give us food. We language and their roots. Teaching them can be a challenge, also always had animals. We had sheep, goats, chicken, and ducks. though, because children in the village do not learn the The animals were hard work, but the result is that we had our own Romani language in school. It is difficult to remember a meat and eggs. It was not difficult for me to work and raise chil- language that you don’t use in your everyday life. I earned dren at the same time. Dedo was also a hard worker. He worked as my pension by working for the Communal Company here in a bricklayer for 38 years and received his pension from that work. Vitez. Sometimes it wasn’t easy and I often received insults I stayed at home to raise my children and teach them skills and a from people while I was cleaning the streets. But I never good work ethic so they could help me. I had four good children. paid much attention to what people were saying. I just con- All of them got married except for Džemil. My Džemil remained tinued to do my job professionally. I never wanted to feel with Dedo and me until April of 1993. He had been working as different. I believe we are all equal people, created of flesh a waiter and he was a hard worker. I was hoping he would soon and blood by God.” get married and start a family. However, instead of his marriage, we had to plan his funeral. He was killed behind our house by a grenade. Here, where the flowers are. It was all so chaotic. I was in the house when the grenade fell. It wounded me and killed him. It also killed all of our livestock; our ducks and chickens. I will never forget the horror, nor will I, as a mother, ever be able to overcome it. Džemil was buried here in the village cemetery. After that, neither Dedo nor I were ever the same. Life did not make sense to us anymore. Losing your child is the hardest thing in the world.”

13 Foto / Photo: Brad Hobbs

14  Foto / Photo: Aldin Fafulović

15 Stereotip: Svirači i zabavljači Percepcija: Muški pripadnici romske populacije provode Realnost: Muzika zauzima centralno mjesto u romskoj kulturi život kao “svirači” i “pjevači”, i ne traže trajno i u društvu i veoma je cijenjena među Romima i kao vještina i kao oblik priznato i poštovano zanimanje. umjetničkog izražavanja. Kroz stoljeća izolacije i isključenosti širom Evrope, romske zajednice naučile su kako da iskoriste svoje vještine muzičkog izražavanja kao izvor trajne i pouzdane egzistencije. Nisu svi Romi muzičari, ali postoje grupe koje su svoje vještine u ovoj oblasti razvile do zavidnog nivoa, a brojni Romi svoju slavu duguju upravo svom muzičkom talentu.

Zahid Fafulović (46), muzičar i prodavač rabljene robe

“Prije rata sam radio kao pjevač amater i učestvovao u narodnosti koja svira i pjeva, samo želi zarađivati muzicira- muzičkim takmičenjima. Jednom sam dobio prvu nagradu na njem na svadbama i zabavama. To je predrasuda koja postoji takmičenju i osvojio naslov “prvog glasa Viteza”. Drugom pri- o nama Romima i našoj muzici. Šteta je što se naša kultura i likom sam dobio priznanje kao najbolji pjevač romske muzike muzika ne vrednuju dovoljno u našoj zemlji. Moja porodica u Jugoslaviji, na muzičkom takmičenju održanom u Šapcu voli muziku, i smatramo se talentovanima, ali ne bavimo se u Srbiji. Danas sam ponosni otac četvoro djece i djed troje muzikom profesionalno, jer na taj način ne možemo zaraditi unučadi. Sva moja djeca su školovana ili se trenutno školuju. dovoljno za život. Pjevamo i sviramo jer nam to pričinjava Supruga i ja mnogo radimo i nastojimo pružiti normalan zadovoljstvo. Naš porodični muzički sastav sastoji se od mog život našoj porodici. Zarađujemo prodajući polovnu robu na brata, moje supruge, mog sina i mene. Moj sin svira violinu pijaci. Na zeničku pijacu idemo najmanje tri puta sedmično, u školi tri godine. Voli svirati klasične kompozicije, a poseb- da bismo mogli zaraditi dovoljno za školovanje naše djece. no voli Mozarta. Njegova nastavnica kaže da je on jedan od Moji brat i sestra žive u inostranstvu i pomažu mi sa školo- njenih najboljih učenika. Nadam se da će dobiti stipendiju vanjem djece i nabavkom svega što je potrebno za nor- i nastaviti svirati klasičnu muziku. Da bi ostvario taj cilj, on malan život. Uobičajena je pretpostavka da osoba romske mora ići u muzičku školu još pet godina”.

16 Stereotype: Fiddlers and Fools Perception: Roma men live their lives as “fiddlers” and Reality: Music is a central part of the Romani culture and “singers” rather is deeply valued both as a skill and an art form, and, after than seeking stable and respectable employment. centuries of exclusion across Europe, Roma populations have learned to monetize well-developed musical skills as a means of securing consistent livelihoods. Not all Roma are musicians, but certain groups do specialize in it and a number of Roma have become famous as a result of their musical talents.

Zahid Fafulović (46), Musician and Used Goods Salesman

“Before the war, I was an amateur singer and competed in misconception that if a Roma person is practicing music and music competitions. Once, I won the “First Voice of Vitez” singing then the only thing they do for a living is perform at competition. Another time, I was recognized as the best sin- weddings and parties. That is prejudiced towards the Roma ger of Roma music in Yugoslavia during a music competition people and our music. It’s a shame that culture and music in Šabac, Serbia. Now I am a proud father of four children are not more highly valued in our country. My family loves and a grandfather of three grandchildren. All of my children music and we consider ourselves talented, but we don’t play have been educated or are currently in school. We work hard, music professionally as it does not pay enough to make a my wife and I, and are trying to provide a normal life for our living. We sing and play for our own enjoyment. Our “house family. We make our living selling second-hand goods at band” is made up of my brother, my wife, my son, and me. My the market. We go to the Zenica marketplace at least three son has been playing the violin in school for the past three times a week so that we can make enough money to put years. He likes to perform the classics, especially Mozart. our children through school. My brother and sister who live His professor says he is one of her best students. I sincerely abroad help me with my children’s education and help us to hope that he will get a scholarship to play classical music. He buy the necessities so we can live normally. It’s a common needs five more years of music school to achieve that goal.”

17 18 Foto / Photo: Aldin Fafulović

19 Stereotip: Vračarina kletva Percepcija: Romi se bave crnom magijom i vračanjem, a na Realnost: Kroz svoju istoriju, Romi su se bavili različitim osobu koja ih naljuti mogu baciti kletvu. vrstama proricanja budućnosti, uključujući tarot, korištenje kristalne kugle za proricanje budućnosti i čitanje dlana. Vjerovanje u pojave koje nagovještavaju nesreću dio su tradi- cije Roma, ali magija se uglavnom koristi za dobro: na primjer za liječenje bolesti ili sprečavanje pojave znakova starenja. Mnogi Romi vjeruju da nošenje amajlija može zaštititi osobu od zla, zlih duhova i bolesti. Danas se proricanjem buduć- nosti bavi samo nekolicina osoba, koje su pomno i dugo podučavane drevnim vještinama.

Devlija Šuvalić (80), vračara

“Nisam od onih koji uzimaju ljudima novac nakon što im po- pokušavam to prenijeti na lijep način. Moja nana naučila me gledaju u dlan, u karte ili u šoljicu kafe. Radim to jer me ljudi proricati budućnost. Pokazala mi je kako se to radi jer sam je mole da im kažem nešto o njihovom životu. Nikada od ljudi zapitkivala o tome još dok sam bila sasvim mala. Sviđale su ne tražim novac niti im govorim koliko mi trebaju platiti. Ako mi se tarot karte. Bile su raznobojne i zanimljive, a na njima mi žele kupiti kafe, šećera ili cigarete – to je njihova odluka su bili prikazani prekrasni prizori i uvijek me zanimalo čemu i tome se ne protivim. Ljudi žele saznati svoju budućnost i one služe. Nije pošteno kada ljudi kažu da mi Romkinje samo sudbinu iz karti. Neki mi dolaze da me pitaju o ljubavnom tražimo način da lako dođemo do novca. To nije ono što ja životu, jer su zaljubljeni u nekoga i žele znati da li ima nade želim. Ja želim ljude ispuniti srećom i nadom. Stara sam i za tu ljubav i da li ona ima budućnost. Kažem im ono što ne mogu raditi, pa kad mi neko ponudi kafu i šećer za moje vidim u kartama ili u talogu kafe. Nikad ne lažem. Neki ljudi usluge, smatram da je to normalno i zahvalna sam na tome. dolaze mi da saznaju više o svom zdravlju. Mnogo je bole- Nikada nikoga ne bih prevarila. Važno je biti pošten u odnosu snih ljudi i ja uvijek nastojim da im kažem nešto pozitivno, sa ljudima. Oni znaju razlikovati varalicu od osobe koja ima u nadi da neće pasti u očaj. Nikada im ne saopštavam loše pravi dar, a ako ljudi žele doći meni da im kažem šta im nosi stvari, ali isto tako nikad ne lažem. Čak i kad vidim nešto loše, budućnost, niko ih u tome ne treba spriječavati”.

20 Stereotype: The Fortune Teller’s Curse Perception: The Roma practice black magic and witchcraft. Reality: Throughout history, Roma have practiced various They will curse you if you cross them. forms of fortune telling, including tarot card reading, the use of crystal balls to foresee the future, and palm reading. Bad omens are a part of traditional Roma belief systems, but magic is predominantly used for good: to cure disease and prevent signs of aging, for example. Many Roma also believe that wea- ring amulets and lucky charms provides protection from harm, bad spirits, and disease. Today, fortune telling is practiced by a select few who have been carefully taught the ancient craft.

Devlija Šuvalić (80), Fortune Teller

“I’m not a prophet that takes money from people after convey it in beautiful words. I learned to look into the future looking at their palms, the cards, or the cup. I do it because from my grandmother. She showed me how because, even people ask me to tell them something about their lives. I as a little girl, I always asked her about it. I loved the tarot never ask people for money nor do I tell them how much cards. They were colorful with beautiful images on them, so they should pay me. If people want to buy me coffee, sugar, I was always interested in learning what one could do with or cigarettes it’s their choice—and I’ll allow it. People like them. It’s not right when people say that we are just gypsy to have their future and their fates revealed by the cards. women who only want to make money the easy way. That is Some come to me to ask about love; they love somebody not what I want. I want to make people happy and hopeful. and want me to tell them if there is any hope or a future I’m an old woman and I’m not able to work, so if someone for this love. I tell them what is revealed to me by the cards offers me coffee and sugar for my services, I think that that’s and from the cup. I never lie. Some people come to me who normal and I am thankful for it. I would never cheat anyone. are interested in their health. Many are sick and I always try It is important to be honest with people. They will be able to to tell them something positive with the hope that they recognize a cheater versus a true fortune-teller. And, if peo- will not become desperate. I never tell them bad things, ple want to come to me to hear their future, no one should but I also never lie. Even when I see something bad, I try to be able to stop them.”

21 22 Foto / Photo: Mirko Pincelli

23 Stereotip: Površni i aljkavi u radu Percepcija: Romi su lijeni, neškolovani radnici, a proizvodi Zijada Fafulović (56), šnajderica koje prave su lošeg kvaliteta. Oni se bave zastarjelim zanati- ma i ne žele se uključiti u savremeno tržište rada. “Smatram se domaćicom, majkom i suprugom. Imam četvoro djece, dva sina i dvije kćeri, i 15 unučadi. Nisam išla u školu, Realnost: Zanatske djelatnosti dio su tradicije romskih pa se nisam mogla ni zaposliti. U vrijeme kada sam se trebala zajednica, a mnoga romska prezimena predstavljaju obilježje školovati, nije bio običaj da ženska djeca idu u školu, bez određene djelatnosti, poput stolarske ili kovačke, kojima su obzira na to da li su iz romskih porodica ili ne. Moji roditelji se bavili članovi porodica koje nose ta prezimena. Tradicija su odlučili da mojim sestrama i meni ne treba škola. Nije mi bavljenja zanatskom djelatnošću održala se do danas, ali u bilo drago što su odlučili da me neće školovati, ali morali smo nešto savremenijem obliku. Mnogi Romi svoje tradicional- poštovati starije. Život je težak kada moraš raditi i boriti se. ne vještine i zanate prilagođavaju potražnji na tržištu. Na Uvijek mi je bilo zadovoljstvo raditi rukama i nikada nisam primjer, kovači su se prilagodili, pa se sada bave izradom bila jedna od onih žena koje samo žele čistiti, kuhati i biti savremenog namještaja. Međutim, institucionalna i društve- s djecom, iako volim kuhati i pravim najbolju krompirušu! na diskriminacija Roma na tržištu, predstavljaju prepreku za Kada nisam imala nikakvog posla, hvatala bi me nervoza, pa njihov aktivniji angažman. sam naučila da šijem. Počelo je kao hobi, koristan način da sašijem odjeću za sebe, porodicu i popravim ili zakrpim tek- Asim Bajrić (56), stolar i zanatlija stilne predmete u domaćinstvu, poput zavjesa ili posteljine. Međutim, ubrzo sam shvatila da sam veoma dobra u tome, pa “Ja sam jedini u selu završio drvoprerađivačku školu. Uvijek se sam se pridružila udruženju Romkinja gdje sam dvije godina šalim da imam diplomu dviju škola: hrasta i bukve. Prije rata radila na šivanju posteljine i jastuka. Sada svoju unučad učim radio sam u drvoprerađivačkoj industriji, koja je bila veoma šivanju i moja unuka Ilda pokazuje najveće zanimanje za to. cijenjena u bivšoj Jugoslaviji. Za vrijeme rata sam morao Ona sjedi pored mene, posmatra me dok šijem i uvijek mi kopati rovove, i za sve vrijeme trajanja sukoba razmišljao kaže: “Želim biti kao ti i šiti sebi haljine”. Ja joj pokazujem sam samo o tome kada će prestati i kada ću se moći vratiti i učim je. Govorim joj da je važno učiti i dobro savladati izradi posebnih alata i obradi drveta. Tim poslovima se bavim ovaj zanat, da bi mogla sebi sašiti nešto lijepo i po tome se skoro 25 godina. Moje komšije, Hrvati, Srbi i Bošnjaci dolaze razlikovati od drugih. Veoma me raduje što moja unučad žele mi i kupuju moj alat, bez razmišljanja o mojoj vjeroispovijesti naučiti da šiju. Želja mi je da svoje znanje prenesem na mlade ili narodnosti – jer svakome treba alat za rad. Nikada ne bih koji žele naučiti ovaj zanat, jer svaki zanat vrijedi zlata. Željela digao ruke od izrade alata ili svog znanja o tome. Bez alata, bih da ih naučim da šiju posteljinu i zavjese. Sigurna sam da nema zanata! Imam dva sina i svoje znanje prenio sam i bi kada savladaju te vještine mogli pokrenuti vlastiti posao”. njima. Kada umrem, moji će sinovi biti jedini u selu koji znaju ovaj zanat i kako praviti namjenski alat za obradu drveta. Sa tim znanjem, oni mogu nastaviti i prenijeti ga svojoj djeci i ostalima koje zanima ovaj zanat. Ni društvo ni država nam ne pružaju nikakvu pomoć. Za nas Rome, najbolje je da sami sebi nađemo posao. Sa svojih deset prstiju mogu zaraditi dovoljno da prehranim porodicu. Ponekad uspijevam podučiti nekoga ovim vještinama i prenijeti moje znanje na druge”.

24 Stereotype: Shoddy Craftsmanship Perception: Roma are lazy, unskilled workers and the produ- For us—the Roma people—the best way is to find work on cts of their craftsmanship are of low quality. They practice our own. With my own hands, I can make enough to feed my outdated trades and remain unwilling to integrate into the family. Sometimes, I also manage to teach someone else my mainstream job market. skills and to transfer my knowledge to others.”

Reality: Craftsmanship has been a time-honored tradition Zijada Fafulović (56), within the Roma community with many Roma surnames re- Seamstress presenting trades such as woodworking and blacksmithing. Today, craftsmanship continues to be practiced, though “I consider myself a housewife, mother, and wife. I have four it is often in a more modern fashion. Many Roma adjust children, two boys and two girls, and 15 grandchildren. I their traditional skill sets to meet the competitive market didn’t go to school so I couldn’t get a job. At the time when I demand. Blacksmiths, for example, have adapted to making was supposed to be getting an education, it was not the tra- contemporary furniture. However, institutional and societal dition to send female children to school, whether they were discrimination against Roma within the marketplace can Roma or not. My parents decided that my sisters and I didn’t create barriers to entry. need to get an education. I wasn’t happy that they chose not to send us to school, but we had to respect our elders. Asim Bajrić (56), Life is hard and you must work and fight. I always loved to Woodworker and Craftsman work with my hands and I was never the kind of woman who only wanted to clean, cook, and be with the children—al- “I am the only one in my village who finished school for wo- though I do love to cook and can make the best potato pie. I odworking. I always joke that I got a degree from two schools: would get antsy if I was just sitting around, so I learned how the “School of Oak” and the “School of Beech”. Before the to sew. It started as a hobby, a useful way to make things for war, I worked in the wood industry, which was a highly valued my family and myself and to fix and patch things around the industry throughout the former Yugoslavia. During the war, I house like curtains and bed linens. Then, when I realized I had to dig trenches and I constantly wondered when the con- was really good at it, I joined the Roma Women’s Association flict would end so that I could return to building specialized where I worked for two years making bedding and pillows. tools and working with wood once again. I’ve been doing this Now, I teach my grandchildren how to sew and my granddau- work for almost 25 years now. My neighbors who are Croats, ghter Ilda is the most interested. She sits beside me, watc- Serbs, and Muslims all buy my tools without any regard to hes me sew, and always tells me: ‘I want to be just like you my religion or nationality—because everyone needs tools to so I can make my own dresses.’ So, I show and teach her. I tell work. I would never give up my tools or my knowledge of how her that it’s important to know and learn the craft so she is to craft them. No tools, no craftsmanship! I have two sons able to make something nice for herself and stand out from and I have taught them my trade. When I die, my sons will be the others. It brings me a lot of joy that my grandchildren the only ones in the village who are trained in this profession want to learn to sew. My wish is to get the opportunity to and who know how to make such specialized tools. With this transfer my knowledge to the youngsters that want to learn knowledge, they can continue on to train their own children this craft because every trade is worth gold in time. I would and others who are interested in this craft. Neither the love to teach them how to sew bedding and curtains. Then society nor the state will provide us with any kind of support. I’m sure they could start their own private business.”

25 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

26 Foto / Photo: Aldin Fafulović

27 Stereotip: Čudni običaji i zaostala tradicija Percepcija: Običaji i tradicije Roma ne mijenjaju se stoljećima. Realnost: Romi veoma vrednuju individualizam i slobodu Ti običaji su zaostali i ne uklapaju se u današnji način života. izbora. Njihovi običaji i tradicije nastali su vremenom i često predstavljaju spoj elemenata iz njihovog vlastitog kulturnog nasljeđa i običaja u državama u kojima žive. Kao što je to slučaj i u brojnim drugim kulturama svijeta, i običaji Roma najčešće se odnose na važna dešavanja u životu, poput rođenja, sklapanja braka i smrti.

Adil Fafulović (53), kuhar, čistač ulica, instruktor pjevanja i plesa i osnivač kulturno-umjetničkog društva Roma u Vitezu

“Završio sam Srednju prehrambenu školu u Travniku. Čim sam društvo Roma u Vitezu, u cilju sklanjanja mladih Roma sa ulica i maturirao, dobio sam posao kao pripravnik u Vitezu, gdje sam njihovog angažmana na očuvanju romske tradicije, plesa i pje- počeo raditi na poslovima kuhara. Mislim da sam bio vrijedan sme našeg naroda. Godinama sam radio sa mnogo generacija radnik i dobar kuhar, jer sam dobio stalni posao neposredno po mladih Roma i okupljao ih oko pjesme i plesa. Mnogo radimo i završetku pripravničkog staža. Radio sam tu do početka rata, vježbamo. Mladi vole biti dio nečeg većeg od njih samih. Vole do 1992. godine. Nakon rata, nisam mogao dobiti isti posao, pa plesati i pjevati i vidim da su ponosni što mogu pokazati svoju sam počeo raditi kao čistač ulica za Javno komunalno predu- tradiciju i nositi tradicionalnu romsku nošnju. Naše Udruženje zeće Vitkom Vitez. Nije lako biti Rom. O nama postoje brojne osvojilo je brojne nagrade, uključujući tu i Srebrnu plaketu gra- predrasude. Kao otac troje dobre djece i djed jednog unučeta, da Viteza. Udruženje se ne bavi samo plesom i pjesmom, već uvijek sam se trudio da se kroz tradicionalni romski ples i organiziramo i pozorišne predstave gdje, upotrebom dramskih pjesmu aktivno angažujem na prevazilaženju tih predrasuda. sredstava izražavanja, ukazujemo zajednici na potrebu prevazi- Još sam kao dijete uživao u pjesmi i plesu. Dok sam bio mlad, laženja predrasuda o Romima i govorimo o problemima sa koji- bio sam član kulturno-umjetničkog društva “Slobodan Princip ma se Romi susreću u svakodnevnom životu. Moramo se boriti Seljo” a 1999. godine sam osnovao prvo kulturno-umjetničko i truditi da postanemo ravnopravni članovi ovog društva”.

28 Stereotype: Strange Customs and Backwards Traditions Perception: Roma customs and traditions have remained Reality: Roma highly value individualism and free choice. unchanged for centuries. These customs are backward and Their customs and traditions have evolved over time and incompatible with modern day life. are often a combination of elements from their own unique cultural heritage and practices from their countries of origin. As is the case in the vast majority of cultures around the world, Roma customs often revolve around important life events such as birth, marriage, and death.

Adil Fafulović (53), Chef, Street Cleaner, Dance and Song Instructor, and Founder of the Vitez Cultural Arts Society for Roma

“I graduated from the high school for culinary training in arts society for Roma in Vitez with a goal to get young Roma Travnik. As soon as I graduated, I got an internship in Vitez off of the streets and engage them in the preservation of the- where I started working on assignment as a chef. I think I was ir Romani tradition of folk dance and song. I worked with many a valuable worker, but also a good chef, because I immediately generations of young Roma over the years and have brought got a job right after the internship ended. I worked for that them together to dance and sing. We work hard and practice company when the war began in 1992. After the war, I wasn’t a lot. Young people like to be a part of something that has a able to get the same kind of work, so I started working as a greater purpose. They like to dance and sing and I see that street cleaner for the public utility company Vitkom Vitez. they are proud to present their traditions and wear traditional The life of a Roma person is not easy. There is a lot of pre- Roma clothing. Our association has won many awards, inclu- judice towards us. As the father of three good children and ding the silver plaque of the city of Vitez. And our association grandfather of one, I have always tried to actively engage in not only focuses on dance and song but also on theatrical breaking down these prejudices through traditional Romani performances that, through dramatic expression, point out dance and song. Even as a young boy, I liked to sing and dance. the need to break down the prejudices against Roma and that When I was young, I was a member of the cultural arts society exhibit the everyday problems Roma face. We have to fight “Slobodan Princip Seljo”. In 1999, I founded the first cultural and work hard to become equal members of this society.”

29 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

30 Foto / Photo: Vedran Živković

31 Stereotip: Nevjernici Percepcija: Među Romima nema kolektivne molitve niti bilo Realnost: Romi nisu pripadnici jedne vjere. Umjesto toga, kakvih religijskih uvjerenja. često prihvataju dominantnu vjeru zemlje u kojoj žive. Na primjer, mnogi Romi na Balkanu su islamske vjeroispovijesti, dok su u Francuskoj, Španiji i Njemačkoj većina Roma evan- đelisti. Uobičajeno je da Romi zadrže određene aspekte svog tradicionalnog sistema vjerovanja, koji se temelji na dualnoj istočnoj doktrini, koja počiva na uvjerenju da postoji izvor dobrote i svjetla (Del “Bog”) i izvor tame i iskušenja (Beng «Đavo»).

Dragana Seferović-Pilav (27), majka i osvajačica dvije zlatne i jedne srebrne medalje u taekwondou

“U dobi od 18 mjeseci ostavili su me u bolnici, jer su, zbog u taekwondou. Nikada nisam željela da završim na ulici i da moje bolesti, moji roditelji mislili da nikada neću moći da radim bog zna šta, ali sam kroz sport, balet i podršku moje prohodam. Moji se roditelji nikada nisu vratili po mene, tako SOS majke našla dublju svrhu u životu. Srela sam svog muža da sam neko vrijeme provela u Domu za djecu bez roditelj- na Fakultetu sporta i tjelesnog odgoja i sada sam majka dvo- skog staranja Bjelave. Nakon toga sam smještena u SOS je divne djece. Želim da prenesem ovaj osjećaj moći i svrhe Dječije selo, gdje je brigu o meni preuzela SOS majka koja mi na njih i na druge Rome tako da ne dozvole sebi da budu je postala važnija od moje prave majke. Ona me je razumjela diskriminisani samo zato što su Romi. Takođe sam pronašla i znala je da sam bila sklona povlačenju u sebe kada bih se svrhu u vjeri. Ona mi pomaže da pronađem unutrašnji mir i osjetila neprihvaćenom od drugih zbog mog romskog pori- vodi me kroz život. Odabrala sam da nosim hidžab jer mi on jekla. Vidjela je da sam bila sretna samo onda kada bih čula pruža osjećaj ispunjenosti. Svojim stavom, obrazovanjem i muziku i počela plesati, tako da me je nagovorila da odem svrsishodnim životom sam bila u mogućnosti da prevaziđem na časove baleta i takođe me motivisala da budem uspješna predrasude sa kojima sam se suočila kao Romkinja”.

32 Stereotype: Without Religion Perception: Roma do not practice organized religion or have Reality: Roma do not follow a single faith. Instead, they of- any religious beliefs. ten adopt the predominant religion of the country in which they are living. For example, many Roma in the Balkans are Muslim while in France, Spain, and Germany they are likely Evangelicals. It is common, however, for Roma to maintain some aspects of their more traditional belief systems, which are founded on a dual eastern doctrine, which focuses on a source of goodness and light (Del, “God”) and one of darkne- ss and temptation (Beng, “Devil”).

Dragana Seferović-Pilav (27), Mother and Winner of Two Gold and One Silver Medal in Taekwondo

“At 18 months old, I was left in a hospital because I had a to end up on the streets doing God knows what, but through condition that my parents thought would render me unable sports, ballet, and the support of my SOS mother I found a to walk. My parents never came back for me, so I spent some deeper purpose in life. I met my husband at the Faculty of time in the Dom Bjelave Orphanage. I was then placed in an Sports and am now a mother of two amazing children. I want SOS Children’s Village where I was under the care of an SOS to transfer this sense of power and meaning to them and foster mother who became more important to me than my to other Roma people so that they don’t allow themselves real mother. She understood me and knew that I had a ten- to be discriminated against just because they are Roma. I dency to withdraw into myself when I was feeling unaccep- have also found meaning in religion. It helps me to find inner ted by others as a result of my Roma heritage. She saw that I peace and guides me. I choose to wear the hijab because it was only happy when I would hear music and start to dance, gives me a sense of fulfillment. Through my attitude, edu- so she persuaded me to take ballet lessons and also motiva- cation, and purposeful life I have been able to overcome the ted me to become successful in Taekwondo. I never wanted prejudices that have befallen me as a Roma woman.”

33 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

34 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

35 Stereotip: Bludne i nemoralne žene Percepcija: Romkinje su nemoralne i bludne. Njihov egzotič- Realnost: Takve predodžbe o Romkinjama vuku korijene iz ni ples se koristi kao metoda zavođenja. istorijske prakse porobljavanja Roma kada su mlade žene korištene da zabave robovlasnike. Iako se još uvijek moraju suočavati sa višestrukom diskriminacijom na osnovu spola, socijalnog statusa i etničke pripadnosti, Romkinje su često vođe svojih zajednica kao poduzetnice, prosvjetne radnice, majke i aktivistice.

Adelina Husić (21), frizerka

“Završila sam srednju školu i postala frizerka 2015. godine. Znam da će mi, kao Romkinji, samo škola i rad pomoći da živim Takođe, položila sam vozački ispit i često vozim očev automo- normalnim životom. Mrzim kada ljudi povezuju Romkinje sa bil. Uvijek sam voljela brzu vožnju, muziku i modu. Čak i kao prljavim stvarima, kao da smo ulični prosjaci ili prostitutke koje djevojčica sam voljela da se lijepo obučem. Roditelji su mi uvi- samo pokušavaju da lako dođu do novca. To nije istina i želim jek govorili da je veoma važno da pohađam školu i obrazujem da budem primjer mladim Romkinjama da se može zarađivati se. Rekli su da ću, ako pođem tim putem, moći da se zaposlim pošteno i vrijednim radom. Cijenim obrazovanje i želim da svoj odmah nakon mature. Zbog toga sam odlučila da idem u posao radim pošteno. Moj je cilj da otvorim svoj salon gdje bih frizersku školu i bila sam veoma dobra učenica. Nikada mi nije mogla pokazati sve svoje vještine i talente. Nadam se da će mi bilo teško da idem u školu. Roditelji su me odgojili da budem se želja ispuniti. Planiram da se dalje obrazujem u vezi sa novim poštena i vrijedna i uvijek su vodili računa o tome da i moja tehnikama, kao što su manikir i permanentna šminka. Trudim sestra i ja ostanemo na pravom putu i da ne budemo na ulici. se da pratim posljednju modu i stvarno volim crvenu boju”.

36 Stereotype: Lustful and Immoral Women Perception: Roma women are immoral and lustful. Their Reality: Such perceptions of Roma women are rooted in the exotic dancing is used as a method of seduction. historical practice of Roma slavery when young women were used to entertain slave owners. While they still must face compounded discrimination due to gender, social status, and ethnicity, Roma women often lead their communities as entrepreneurs, teachers, mothers, and activists.

Adelina Husić (21), Hairdresser

“I graduated high school and became a hairdresser in 2015. woman, only school and work will help me live a normal life. I I also passed my driver’s exam and I drive my father’s car hate it when people connect Roma women with dirty things often. I always liked driving fast, music, and fashion. Even as if we were street beggars or prostitutes just trying to as a little girl I loved to be well dressed. My parents always make easy money. These things are not true and I want to told me that it is very important for me to attend school and be an example for young Roma women that you can make a get an education. They said that if I followed this path I’d be living by being honest and working hard. I appreciate educa- able to find a job immediately after I graduated. That is why tion and I want to work honestly in my field. It is my goal to I decided to go to school to become a hairdresser and I was a open my own beauty salon where I could show all my skills very good student. I never found it difficult to go to school. and talents. I hope my wish will come true. I am planning to My parents raised me to be honest and hard-working, and further educate myself about new techniques like manicu- they always made sure that both my sister and I stayed on res and permanent makeup. I try to keep up with the latest the right path and off the streets. I know that, as a Roma fashion and I really like the color red.”

37 38 Foto / Photo: Aldin Fafulović

39 Stereotip: Maloljetnički brakovi Percepcija: Romkinje su bespomoćne maloljetne supruge Realnost: Tradicija mnogih grupa Roma često vodi porijeklo koje iskorištavaju njihovi muževi i porodice. One su prisiljene od suočavanja sa ropstvom u praksi, kada su žene bile kori- da počnu rađati djecu već u dobi od 12 godina. štene kao sredstvo da se dođe do dodatne robovske radne snage. Na primjer, djevojčice Romkinje su često udavane u ra- nom uzrastu da bi ih se zaštitilo od seksualnog iskorištavanja i razdvajanja od roditelja. Nasilje u porodici dešava se u svim tipovima porodica, bez obzira na imovinsko stanje, profesiju, region, etničku pripadnost, nivo obrazovanja ili rasu i ono nije karakteristično samo za romsku zajednicu. Pa ipak, zbog pre- klapanja mnogih oblika diskriminacije, Romkinje predstavljaju jednu od najugroženijih socio-ekonomskih grupa u Evropi.

Fahrija Karičić (25), krojačica

“Završila sam zanatsku školu u Zenici. Nije mi bilo teško da što sam Romkinja. Niko nije nikada pokušao da me odvaja od idem u školu jer sam bila dobra učenica. Trenutno sam zapo- drugih radnika zbog toga ko sam. Radim u multietničkoj firmi slena u FIS-u Vitez. Radim tamo već pet godina kao krojačica. u kojoj nije važno koje ste nacionalnosti. Ono što je najvažnije Stvarno volim svoj posao zato što mi daje mogućnost da je da li ste dobra osoba i odgovoran radnik. Takvim primjerom, budem kreativna i da dizajniram stvari od komadića tkanine. vlasnik naše firme, gospodin Pero Gudelj, je izgradio atmosfe- Raduje me kad vidim svoje kreacije na ljudima oko mene. ru tolerancije i poštovanja. Još se nisam udala, pa je za mene Najviše volim da šijem odjeću za djecu i bebe i stvarno sam veoma važno da radim, da budem nezavisna i da mogu da se sretna kada ih vidim u haljinicama i odijelima koje šijem za brinem o sebi. Trenutno živim sama, ali sam se vjerila i uskoro njih. Pored šivenja, takođe sam radila na pakovanju i peglanju se udajem za muškarca mojih snova. Prvo se nadam da će mi robe. Svaki segment mog rada je timski rad. Sve moje kolege pružiti ljubav i poštovanje. Poslije toga ćemo razmišljati o su divni ljudi i nikada nisam imala problema na poslu zato roditeljstvu, ali do tada želim da uživam u životu”.

40 Stereotype: Child Brides Perception: Roma women are helpless child brides who are Reality: Traditions practiced by many Roma groups often exploited and abused by their husbands and families. They originated as practical responses to a life of slavery when are forced to start having children at ages as young as 12. women were used as a means to produce additional slave labor. For example, Roma girls were often married young to protect them from sexual exploitation and separation from their parents. Domestic violence occurs among all types of families, regardless of income, profession, region, ethnicity, educational level or race and is not an indicator of “Gypsyness”. Yet, due to the intersection of multiple forms of discrimination, Roma women one of the most vulnerable socio-economic groups in Europe.

Fahrija Karičić (25), Seamstress

“I finished trade school in Zenica. It was not hard for me to ever tried to separate me from the other workers because go to school because I was a good student. I am currently of who I am. I work at a multiethnic company where it do- employed at FIS Vitez. I have now been working there for esn’t matter to which ethnicity you belong. What matters five years as a tailor. I really like my job because it gives me most is whether you are a good person and responsible the opportunity to be creative and to design things from worker. Through his example, the owner of our company, a piece of fabric. It brings me joy to see my creations on Mr. Pero Gudelj, has built an atmosphere of tolerance and the people around me. I like making clothing for children respect. I still haven’t gotten married yet, so it is very and babies the most and it makes me really happy to see important for me to work, be independent, and be able to them in the dresses and suits I make for them. In additi- take care of myself. I am living alone at the moment, but on to sewing, I also worked on the packaging and ironing I am engaged and soon to be married to the man of my of goods. Every segment of my work is teamwork. All of dreams. I first hope that he will give me love and respect. my colleagues are wonderful people and I’ve never had After that, we will think about parenthood, but until then I problems at work because I was a Roma woman. No one has want to enjoy life.”

41 Foto / Photo: Aldin Fafulović

42 43 Stereotip: Život bez roditeljske ljubavi Percepcija: Roditelji Romi ne vole ili ne brinu za svoju djecu i Realnost: Djeca su obožavani i voljeni dio romske često ih iskorištavaju u svrhu financijske dobiti. porodice. Dijete simbolizuje “Boga” i predstavlja konti- nuitet romskog načina života. Teške okolnosti su dovele do situacije u kojoj je uobičajeno da svaki član romske porodice igra aktivnu ulogu u doprinošenju dobrobiti porodice u cjelini.

Sabira Hašimović (42), majka i predsjednica Udruženja žena “Romkinja”

“Cijelog života živim u Bijeljini. Radim u Udruženju ‘Otaharin’, sport. Igra fudbal i košarku. Drago mi je da voli sport, jer to a takođe sam i predsjednica Udruženja žena “Romkinja”. znači da svoje slobodno vrijeme ne provodi na ulici. Djeci Samohrana sam majka moga sina, Ervina. Sama sam odgojila je potrebna struktura i odgovornost kao dobra osnova za Ervina – ja sam mu i majka i otac. Ervin je savršeno dijete i budućnost. Moj sin je uvijek bio čist, uredan i lijepo obučen. tako sam ponosna na njega. Ervinovo obrazovanje je moj prvi Naša ekonomska situacija je loša i život mnogih Roma nije la- prioritet u životu. Dobro obrazovanje će mu omogućiti da gan, ali predodžba da su sva romska djeca prljava i da žive na pronađe posao i da vodi stabilan život. Kada je Ervin pošao ulici jednostavno nije istinita. Kao majka sanjam o tome da u školu, govorio mi je da bi ga druga djeca odbacivala samo će Ervin diplomirati na fakultetu. On želi da bude IT progra- zato što je Rom. Na svu sreću, situacija je sada bolja i on ima mer ili fudbalski trener i samo se nadam da će mu društvo mnogo prijatelja. Najbolji je učenik u razredu, a takođe voli pružiti tu šansu”.

44 Stereotype: Unloving Parents Perception: Roma parents do not love or care for their chil- Reality: Children are an adored and cherished part of the dren and often exploit them for financial gain. Roma family unit. The child symbolizes “God” and represents the continuity of the Roma way of life. Difficult circumstan- ces have created a situation in which it is customary for each Roma family member to take an active role in contributing to the well-being of the family as a whole.

Sabira Hašimović (42), Mother and President of the Roma Women’s Association

Sabira: “I have lived in Bijeljina all my life. I work at the class and also loves sports. He plays football and basketball. ‘Otaharin’ Association and am also the president of the Roma I’m glad he likes sports because it means he doesn’t spend his Women’s Association. I’m a single mother to my son, Ervin. I free time on the streets. Kids need structure and responsibili- have raised Ervin alone – I’m both his mother and his father. ties to set them up for a good future. My son has always been Ervin is the perfect child and I am so proud of him. Ervin’s clean, well groomed, and well dressed. Our economic situation education is my number one priority in life. A good education is poor and many Roma people do not have easy lives, but the will allow him to find a job and to lead a stable life. When Ervin idea that all Roma children are dirty and live on the streets is started school, he used to tell me that other kids would reject just not true. My dream, as a mother, is that Ervin will finish him solely because he was Roma. Thankfully, the situation is college. His wants to be an IT programmer or a football trainer better now and he has a lot of friends. He is at the top of his and I just hope that society gives him that chance.”

45 46 Foto / Photo: Vedran Živković

47 Stereotip: Djeca prosjaci Percepcija: Romska djeca su prosjaci i džeparoši. Romska po- Realnost: Romska djeca se suočavaju sa fizičkim, ekonom- pulacija će na kraju nadmašiti većinsku populaciju u njihovim skim i društvenim preprekama u vezi sa pohađanjem škole. U državama kao rezultat njihovog nekontrolisanog rađanja. cijeloj Evropi, ona su često segregacijom odvojena od redov- ne nastave, bilo zbog lokalne politike ili prakse. Oko 30 posto romske djece trenutno pohađa škole ili razrede za djecu sa posebnim potrebama, u poređenju sa 2 posto neromske dje- ce. Kada nastavni planovi i programi ignorišu romsku kulturu, jezik i istoriju, romska djeca se osjećaju izolovanom i manje motivisanom da se uključe u formalno obrazovanje.

Ervin Hašimović (12), učenik, fotograf i košarkaš

“Najradije se bavim sportom. Najviše volim da igram fudbal rekla da nisam kao drugi Romi, zato što sam lijepo obučen, i košarku. Moj omiljeni fudbaler je Ronaldo. On je moj moderan i uvijek čist. Kažem im da nisam jedini Rom koji je idol zato jer je jak, visok i ima super frizuru. Pratim ga na takav i da imam mnogo rođaka i prijatelja Roma koji su isti Instagramu i kada odrastem želim da izgledam i igram baš kao ja i da se oblačimo kao i svi drugi u školi. Mislim da je kao on. Djeca u školi kažu da već izgledam kao on i to me stvarno čudno kada kažu da ja nisam Rom zato što sam čist, stvarno čini sretnim. Zaista volim da idem u školu. Nije mi lijepo obučen i modernog stila. Moja majka mi je rekla da je teško da uradim domaći zadatak, a kada imam neki pro- to zbog toga što ljudi misle da su romska djeca uvijek prlja- blem, moja mama mi uvijek pomogne. Mama mi je kupila va i da oblače iznošenu odjeću. Želio bih da ljudi prestanu fotoaparat, zbog toga što takođe volim da snimam foto- govoriti da su Romi prljavi i da ne znaju kako se treba oblači- grafije i da ih postavljam na Instagram. Volim cool odjeću ti. Nije lijepo govoriti loše o drugim ljudima. Moja mama mi i frizure. Uglavnom se odijevam neobavezno, a omiljena uvijek kaže da druge ljude gledam bez predrasuda i da smo marka mi je NIKE. Sviđaju mi se skoro sve njihove patike. svi jednaki. Stoga želim reći svojim prijateljima da su Romi Djeca su me ranije zadirkivala zato što sam Rom, ali onda su isti kao i drugi ljudi”.

48 Stereotype: Beggar Children Perception: Roma children are beggars and pick-pockets. Reality: Roma children face physical, economic, and social The Roma population will eventually outnumber the majo- barriers to attending school. Throughout Europe, they often rity populations in their countries as a result of their out of are segregated from mainstream schooling, either by local control birth rates. policy or by practice. 30% of Roma children are currently studying in schools or classes for children with special needs, compared to 2% of non-Roma children. When curricula igno- re Roma culture, language, and history, Roma children feel isolated and less motivated to engage in formal education.

Ervin Hašimović (12), Student, Photographer, and Basketball Player

“My favorite thing is sports. I mostly like to play football well dressed, modern and always clean. I tell them that I’m and basketball. My favorite football player is Ronaldo. He’s not the only Roma person who is like that and that I have my idol because he’s strong, tall, and has a super hairstyle. I a lot of Roma relatives and friends who are the same as follow him on Instagram and when I grow up I want to look me and that we dress like everyone else in school does. I and play just like him. The kids at school say that I already think it’s really weird when they say that I’m not a Roma look like him and that makes me really happy. I really like because I’m clean, well dressed, and have a modern style. going to school. It’s not hard for me to do homework and My mother told me that it’s because people think Roma when I have a problem, my mom always helps me. My mom children are always dirty and wear worn out clothes. I would bought me a camera because I also love photography and I like for people to stop saying that Roma people are dirty like to take photos and put them on Instagram. I love cool and that they don’t know how to dress. It’s not nice to say clothes and hairstyles. I mostly like to wear casual clothes bad things about other people. My mom always tells me to and my favorite brand is NIKE. I pretty much love all of their look at others without prejudice and that we are all equal. shoes. Kids used to tease me for being a Roma person, but So, I want to tell my friends that Roma people are the same then they said that I wasn’t like other Roma because I was as other people.”

49 Foto / Photo: Vedran Živković

50 51 Stereotip: Neobrazovani Percepcija: Romi ne cijene obrazovanje i ne smatraju to Realnost: Jedan važan aspekt u vezi sa obrazovnim sistemi- prioritetom za svoju djecu. ma i Romima u cijeloj Evropi je nedostatak kulturne raznoli- kosti u obrazovnom sistemu. Udžbenici često šire negativnu sliku o Romima ili potpuno ignorišu njihovu ulogu u istoriji, a istorija Roma, konkretno, nije uključena u nastavne planove i programe. Elementi poput romskog jezika, istorije i kultu- re trebaju biti prisutni da bi promovisali i pružili podršku individualnom poštovanju kulturnih razlika i inkluzivnom i interkulturalnom društvu.

Alija Krasnići (66), pisac, pozorišni autor i pjesnik

“Sakupljač sam narodnog stvaralaštva Roma i osmislio sam, 70 knjiga, koje uključuju moje zbirke proze i poezije, kao i aranžirao i objavio prvi Rječnik romskog jezika. Uvijek sam ono što smatram jednim od svojih najozbiljnijih dostignuća, osjećao da je moja misija da sakupljam bogato nasljeđe Rječnik romskog jezika. Taj Rječnik je veliki projekat na koji romske kulture. Takođe, autor sam prvih dviju drama na sam najviše ponosan, jer je zahtijevao bezbroj sati terenskog romskom jeziku: “Romska krvava svadba” i “Malo ja, malo ti”, rada i putovanja. Odlazio sam u različita romska naselja i a objavio sam i nekoliko knjiga, uključujući knjigu proze pod birao ljude koji su govorili različitim dijalektima romskog nazivom “Čergarska vatra” / ”Čergaređe jaga” na romskom jezika. Išao sam u naselja u kojima žive Gurbeti, Arlije i i srpskohrvatskom jeziku. U jednom izdanju mojih sabranih Burgudžije, i zapisivao ono što su mi govorili, vrijedno pri- proznih djela sam objavio knjigu pod nazivom “Povratak u kupljajući riječi za Rječnik. Objavljene su hiljade primjeraka život”. Takođe, objavio sam zbirku pjesama na albanskom Rječnika, koji je sadržavao više od 800 stranica i više od 6.000 jeziku pod nazivom “Umorne noći”. Jednom sam napisao novih riječi. Ponosim se svojim radom i svojom romskom knjigu za djecu pod nazivom “Bože, pretvori me u mrava”. zajednicom. Bogatstvo jezika i kulture Roma pokazuje da Moji radovi su prevedeni na albanski, engleski, makedonski, imamo svoje posebno nasljeđe i da nismo samo nomadi koji turski i arapski jezik. Mislim da sam u životu napisao više od lutaju svijetom bez ikakve svrhe ili cilja”.

52 Stereotype: Uneducated Perception: Roma do not value education and do not Reality: One important aspect concerning educational prioritize it for their children. systems and Roma across Europe is the lack of cultural diversity in the educational system. Textbooks often spread a negative image of Roma or completely ignore their role in history, and Roma history, in particular, is not included in the schools’ curricula. Elements such as Romani language, history and culture should be present in order to promote and support individual respect for cultural differences and an inclusive and intercultural society.

Alija Krasnići (66), Author, Playwright and Poet

“I am a collector of Roma folk creations and I designed, include my prose and poetry collections and what I consider arranged, and published the first Romani language dictio- to be one of my most serious accomplishments, the Romani nary. I have always felt it was my mission to collect the rich language Dictionary. The dictionary is a major project that heritage of the Roma culture. I am also the author of the I am most proud of, as it demanded countless hours of fiel- first two Romani language plays, “Bloody Roma Wedding” dwork and travel. I went to different Roma settlements and and “A Little Bit You, A Little Bit Me”, and have published chose people who spoke different dialects of Romani. I went several books, including a book of prose called “Čergarska to the settlements where the Gurbeti, Arlije, and Burgudžije vatra” / ”Čergaređe jaga” which comes in both Romani and live and I wrote as they spoke to me, diligently collecting Serbo-Croatian languages. In one edition from my collection words for the dictionary. Thousands of copies of the dictio- of prose works, I published a book called “Coming Back to nary, which contained more than 800 pages and over 6,000 Life”. I also published an Albanian language poetry collection new words, were published. I’m proud of my work and of called “Tired Night”. I once wrote a children’s book called my Roma community. The rich language and culture of the “God, Turn Me into an Ant”. My works have been translated Roma people demonstrate that we have our own special into Albanian, English, Macedonian, Turkish, and Arabic. I heritage and that we are not just nomads who wander the think that in my lifetime I have written over 70 books, which world without any purpose or goals.”

53 Foto / Photo: Vedran Živković

54 55 Stereotip: Nezaposleni Percepcija: Romi bi se radije oslanjali na socijalnu pomoć Realnost: Romi su sistematski isključeni sa tržišta rada. nego tražili stabilno zaposlenje. U prosjeku, nivo nezaposlenosti Roma je dvostruko viši nego kod onih koji nisu Romi. Nedostatak obrazovanja igra značajnu ulogu, ali i za radna mjesta za koja se traži nizak nivo vještina, etnička diskriminacija predstavlja značajnu prepreku zaposlenju. Za mnoge Rome, jedino dostupna radna mjesta su ona koja su fizički zahtjevna, opasna i slabo plaćena. Takvi uslovi su gurnuli neke Rome ka traženju posla na crnom tržištu.

Porodica Musić: Alija (41) i Melisa (40), Adisa Bajrić (37), poduzetnici zaposlenica u Općini Vitez

Alija: “Uvijek smo živjeli ovdje. Svi smo zaposleni u porodičnoj “Zaposlena sam u Općini Vitez kao čistačica već osam godi- firmi “Musić”, koju smo sami osnovali. Skupljamo plastiku, na. Jednog dana me pozvala Vesna, koja takođe radi u Općini. papir i staklo i pakujemo ih i odvozimo našim partnerima u Naša djeca idu zajedno u školu i pitala me da li bih mogla Travniku koji ih distribuiraju na potrebne lokacije. Sva moja zamijeniti ženu koja je otišla na godišnji odmor. Trebalo je djeca rade sa nama. Svi su obrazovani i poštuju porodične da to bude samo privremena zamjena. Stvarno sam vrijedno korijene. Oni nisu kriminalci, iako o Romima često postoji radila i uradila sam sve što su mi rekli, ali se nisam uopšte na- takva predodžba. Moja porodična firma je dokaz da svako ko dala stalnom zaposlenju. Međutim, nakon što sam završila sa želi da radi to i može, čak i bez državne ili socijalne pomoći. radom, Vesna me nazvala i rekla mi da je načelnik Općine od- Svi ustajemo u četiri sata ujutro da počnemo organizova- lučio da dobijem stalno zaposlenje. Nisam mogla vjerovati da ti radni dan i planirati gdje će ko ići i šta konkretno treba sam dobila takvu priliku. Plakala sam. Sve se činilo kao san. obaviti. Ljudi treba da imaju strategiju, da se udruže i da Do tada sam stvarno teško živjela. Bila sam neko vrijeme kod aktivno traže posao, a ne samo da sjede i čekaju da se nešto sestre u Njemačkoj, ali sam morala da se vratim, jer nisam desi. Mi radimo kao tim. Moja dva sina imaju motocikle koje mogla dobiti papire da ostanem tamo. Nije istina da Romi su kupili od plate zarađene u našoj firmi. Jedini problem je ne žele da rade. Oni to žele. Prije nego što sam dobila ovaj da nas, ponekad, komunalna policija pokušava zaustaviti da posao, išla bih po gradu, od zgrade do zgrade, i nudila usluge ne preturamo po smeću, ali oni treba da razumiju da samo čišćenja, ali niko nije želio da me zaposli jer sam Romkinja. pokušavamo da zaradimo i preživimo”. Sada sam uspjela da pomognem još dvjema Romkinjama da dobiju posao čišćenja i održavanja zgrade Općine. Dopada mi se ovdje. Svi me poštuju i cijene. Želim se zahvaliti načelniku Općine i ovdašnjim zvaničnicima koji su iskazali razumijeva- nje za mene. Nadam se da će sve više Roma naći zaposlenje. Samo uključenost i jednak odnos prema ljudima mogu da nam pomognu da zaustavimo predrasude”.

56 Stereotype: Unemployed Perception: Roma would rather rely on government welfare Reality: Roma are systematically excluded from the job than seek stable employment. market. On average, Roma unemployment levels are double that of non-Roma. A lack of education does play a significant role, but even for low-skilled jobs, ethnic discrimination is a significant barrier to employment. For many Roma, the only employment available is physically demanding, dangerous and underpaid. Such conditions have pushed some Roma to seek work on the black market.

Musić Family: Alija (41) and Melisa (40), Adisa Bajrić (37), Business Owners Vitez Municipality Employee

Alija: “We have always lived here. We are all employees in the “I am employed by the municipality of Vitez and have been family-owned “Musić” company, which we established our- working as a cleaning lady for 8 years now. One day, Vesna— selves. We collect plastic products, paper, and glass and we who also works for the municipality—called me. Our kids pack and carry it to our partners in Travnik who distribute go to school together and she asked if I could step in for a it to the necessary locations. All of my children are working woman who went on a vacation. It was only supposed to be a with us. They are all educated and respect their family roots. temporary placement. I worked really hard and did everyt- They are not criminals even though Roma are often perce- hing I was told, but I didn’t have any hope that I would get ived as such. My family’s business is proof that anyone who a permanent position. However, after I had finished the job, wants to work can do so, even without government or social Vesna called and told me that the mayor of the city had de- assistance. We all get up at 4 am to start organizing the wor- cided to keep me full time. I couldn’t believe that I had go- kday and planning where everyone will go and what specific tten such an opportunity. I cried. It all seemed like a dream. tasks they will need to accomplish. People need to strategi- Until that moment, I had lived a really hard life. I had stayed ze, team up, and actively look for work, not just sit around with my sister in Germany for a while, but I had to come and wait for something to happen. We work as a team. Two back because I couldn’t get the papers to stay there. It’s not of my sons have motorcycles that they bought with the ear- true that Roma people do not want to work. They do. Before nings they made working for our company. The only problem I got this job, I would go around the city, from building to is that, sometimes, the communal police try to stop us from building, to offer my cleaning services, but nobody wanted going through garbage, but they need to understand that to employ me because I was Roma. Now, I’ve managed to we’re only trying to make money and to survive.” help two more Roma woman get jobs helping clean and maintain the municipality building. I love it here. Everyone respects and appreciates me. I want to thank the mayor and the officials working here who have found understanding for me. I hope that more and more Roma people find employ- ment. Only inclusion and equal treatment of people can help us stop the prejudice.”

57 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

58 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

59 Stereotip: Pasivni i bespomoćni Percepcija: Romi pasivno prihvataju ekonomsku i društvenu Realnost: Neravnopravnost, siromaštvo i isključenost iz druš- neravnopravnost. Ne pokušavaju pomoći sebi ili poboljšati tva, koje Romi doživljavaju, naveli su mnoge da vjeruju kako situaciju u kojoj se nalaze. nikad neće biti ravnopravni s ostalim neromskim većinskim stanovništvom. Tome su doprinijele i vlasti koje ne prepozna- ju i ne reaguju na adekvatan način kada je u pitanju nasilje nad Romima. Pored toga, zbog hitne potrebe da se osigura hrana i smještaj može biti teško utvrditi prioritete i buduć- nost na dugoročnom planu.

Behara Tahirović (56), poduzetnica

“Ja sam žena koja ima vlastitu firmu već osam godina. Nisam mogućnosti da radi. Izgubio je sluh prije mnogo vremena, i ja željela sjediti u kući i osjećati se bespomoćnom, tako da sam sam preuzela odgovornost za sve. Mislim da sam zbog toga jednostavno počela sa svojom djecom prikupljati željezo. Bilo postala snažnija. Činjenica što imam vlastiti posao pokazala je teško u početku. Međutim, nakon nekog vremena sam je mojoj kćerki i ostalim ženama da mogu uspjeti i da su se organizovala, pronašla kupce i organizovala prevoz. Moja žene u društvu jednako sposobne da zarađuju za život kao i kćerka, zet i njihova djeca pomažu mi u prikupljanju željeza. muškarci, i to je nešto što mi je veoma važno. Takođe želim Oni su mi našli kupce i u Zenici. Ovo nije posao iz snova, ali pokazati ljudima da mi (Romi) nismo svi lopovi, kriminalci ili mi je pomogao da pronađem svoje mjesto u svijetu i da se prostitutke. Uvijek govorim svojoj kćerki da je važno naporno borim za budućnost svoje porodice. Moj suprug nije bio u raditi i biti uporan”.

60 Stereotype: Passive and Helpless Perception: Roma passively accept economic and social Reality: The inequality, poverty and social exclusion Roma inequality. They do not attempt to help themselves or im- have experienced has made many believe that they will prove their own situations. never be equal to non-Roma majorities. This belief is enco- uraged by government authorities who fail to adequately re- cognize and respond to violence against Roma. Furthermore, urgent needs such as securing food and shelter can make it difficult to prioritize long-term needs and future aspirations.

Behara Tahirović (56), Business Owner

“I am a woman who has owned my own company for eight was not able to work. He lost his hearing long ago, and I years. I did not want to sit at home and feel helpless, so I just became responsible for everything. I think this has made me started to go out with my kids and collect iron. It was diffi- strong. The fact that I am able to own a business has shown cult at the beginning. However, after some time I got myself my daughter and other women that they can succeed and organized, found buyers, and set up transport. My daughter, that women in society are just as capable of earning a living my son-in-law and their children help me collect the iron. as men are, and this is something that is very important to They have also found me buyers in Zenica. This is not a me. I also want to show people that we (Roma) are not all dream job, but it has enabled me to find my place in the thieves, criminals, and prostitutes. I always tell my daughter world and to fight for the future of my family. My husband how important it is to work hard and be persistent.”

61 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

62 63 Stereotip: Loša reputacija Percepcija: Kada Romi putuju širom Evrope, njihovo pona- Realnost: To nije rezultat ponašanja Roma, već odnosa šanje stvara lošu sliku o državama iz kojih dolaze. Romske države prema romskoj populaciji kojim država narušava svoj populacije su često jednim dijelom i same odgovorne za međunarodni ugled. Visokoprofilni napadi i deportacije rom- velike političke probleme u državama u kojima žive. ske populacije otvaraju pitanje odgovornosti države prema ljudskim i manjinskim pravima. U Rumuniji, Romi su optuženi za ugrožavanje potencijala države ulaskom u Evropsku Uniju i Schengen, zbog strahova vezanih za slobodu kretanja Roma.

Bajro (Ramiz) Fafulović (58), stolar

“Ja sam otac desetoro predivne djece. Moja supruga Fadila se isplatilo. Od novca koji sam zaradio u Francuskoj, moja i ja odgojili smo ih da budu pošteni i obrazovani ljudi. Prije supruga i ja mogli smo školovati svih desetoro djece, kupiti rata završio sam školu za stolara i bio sam zaposlen u firmi zemlju i izgraditi veliku kuću. Moja djeca su predivni, pošteni koja se zvala “Impregnacija”, gdje sam radio 19 godina. Moja i ugledni ljudi. Svi imaju posao i naporno rade, i mogu slo- supruga je bila domaćica i odgojila je našu djecu. Bila je stub bodno reći da smo dobrostojeći. Sada sam u penziji i imam naše porodice. Tokom rata napustio sam Bosnu i otišao u 25-oro unučadi. Iako sam u penziji još uvijek radim od kuće Francusku. Tamo sam morao ići u školu da naučim francuski jer moja supruga i ja prodajemo polovnu robu koju donosim jezik i imao sam sreće da pronađem posao stolara u drvo- iz Francuske. Još uvijek iz hobija radim sa drvetom. Imam prerađivačkoj industriji. Svaki dan radio sam dvije smjene. petoro braće i tri sestre, i svi dobro živimo širom Bosne. Svi Takođe sam radio i sezonske poslove i prihvatao bilo koji imamo kuće i zemlju. Za sebe bih rekao da sam aktivist za posao koji bi mi ponudila imigracijska služba. Radio sam sve, ljudska prava. Mrzim nepravdu i protestujem protiv izgrad- od dostave paketa i hrane do skupljanja otpada i osiguranja nje mini hidroelektrana u Srednjoj Bosni iz ekoloških razloga. zgrada. Uvijek sam se trudio da budem pošten radnik, da Kao stolar znam šta drveće i čista voda znače za nas i mislim dobro radim svoj posao i poštujem francuske zakone. To mi da nam je dužnost da zaštitimo okolinu”.

64 Stereotype: Reprehensible Reputations Perception: When Roma travel throughout Europe, their Reality: It is not a result of Roma behavior, but of countries’ behavior reflects poorly on their countries of origin. Roma actions towards their Roma populations, a state’s internati- populations are often additionally responsible for major onal reputation is tarnished. High-profile attacks and depor- political setbacks in their host countries. tations of Roma populations raise questions about states’ commitment to human and minority rights. In Romania, Roma were blamed for harming the country’s prospects for integration into the Europe Union and the Schengen Zone due to fears related to the Roma’s freedom of movement.

Bajro (Ramiz) Fafulović (58), Carpenter

“I am the father of 10 amazing children. My wife Fadila France, my wife and I were able to send all of our 10 children and I have raised them to be honest and educated peo- to school, buy land, and build a big house. My children are ple. Before the war, I finished high school in carpentry and beautiful, honest, and respectable people. They all have jobs was employed by a company called “Impregnacija” where I and work hard and I can freely say that we are well off. I’m worked for 19 years. My wife was a housewife and raised our now retired and the grandfather of 25 grandchildren, but children. She was the pillar of our family. During the war, I even though I’m retired, I still work from home and my wife left Bosnia and went to France. There, I had to go to school and I sell used goods I bring back from France. I still work to learn the French language and was fortunate enough to with wood as a hobby. I also have five brothers and three get a job within my own trade: the woodworking industry. sisters and we are all well situated throughout Bosnia. We all Every day I would work two shifts. I also sought seasonal have houses and land. If I could say something about myself, work and accepted any extra jobs the immigration service I would say that I am a human rights activist. I hate injusti- offered me. I did everything from parcel and food delivery to ce and I protested against the construction of mini hydro trash collection to guarding buildings. I always did my best plants in Central Bosnia for the sake of the environment. As to be an honest worker, do my job correctly, and respect the a carpenter, I know what wood and clean rivers mean to us French laws. This paid off for me. From the money I earned in and I believe it is our duty to protect the environment.”

65 Foto / Photo: Aldin Fafulović

66 67 Stereotip: Kradljivci djece Percepcija: Romi često kradu neromsku djecu i bebe Realnost: Tokom istorije Romi su postajali žrtvena jagnjad kako bi ih odgajali kao svoje ili iskorištavali radi vlastite kad god neko dijete nestane. Međutim, u zadnjih 20 godina, financijske dobiti. jedan broj istraživanja pokazao je kako je, ustvari, romska populacija najugroženija kada im država, Crkva ili humanitar- ne organizacije oduzimaju djecu. Romska djeca se rutinski odvajaju od svojih porodica iz diskriminatornih razloga, od toga da “ne izgledaju romski” do izgovora kako pojedine romske porodice imaju “previše djece”. Zbog siromaštva i marginaliziranosti, romska djeca su i pod većim rizikom da postanu predmetom trgovine ljudima.

Hitka Ahmetović (38), majka nestalog djeteta

“Bila sam majka četvoro djece, ali sada imam samo troje. kući. Niko je nije vidio i niko ništa ne zna. Bilo mi je veoma Ni suprug ni ja nismo zaposleni i moramo preživljavati od teško. Objavili smo vijest o njenom nestanku na Facebooku novca koji zaradim prikupljanjem otpada koji pronalazim u i zamolili ljude da šire vijest. Preklinjali smo ih da kažu ako kontejnerima za smeće. Pretražujem kontejnere zajedno sa znaju bilo šta ili ako su je negdje vidjeli. Ne znam zašto nam svojom djecom. Nisam išla u školu. Nikad mi nije pružena se to desilo. Ljudi govore kako mi, Romi, krademo djecu, prilika za to jer moj otac nikad nije smatrao da mi treba ob- ali pogledajte moju sudbinu. Majka sam, Romkinja, čije je razovanje. Moj suprug, djeca i ja živimo veoma teško. Život dijete ukradeno i nestalo prije toliko mnogo godina. Dala Roma je težak. Niko nam ne može pomoći ni razumjeti naše bih sve što imam da saznam šta joj se desilo. Bosonoga bih probleme. Situacija je postala još teža otkad mi je nestalo pješačila do druge države samo da je nađem. Moja sudbina dijete. Moja djevojčica Jasminka. Imala je 12 godina. Nestala je tužna. Bila je tako divna kćer i mnogo mi je pomagala. je prije pet godina i nikad je nismo našli. Prijavila sam njen Brinula se o braći i sestrama i ostajala bi kod kuće kad bih ja nestanak policiji i oni su je tražili, ali nikad nismo pronašli išla pretraživati kontejnere. Nadam se da će se pojaviti jed- nijedan trag. Posljednji put je viđena u blizini škole u Vitezu. nog dana ili da ćemo čuti nešto o njoj. Samo tada će moja Otišla je tamo da pretražuje kontejnere i više se nije vratila duša ponovo naći mir”.

68 Stereotype: Baby Stealers Perception: Roma often steal non-Roma children and Reality: Throughout history, Roma have been used as babies to either raise them as their own or exploit them scapegoats when a child goes missing. In the last 20 years, for financial gain. however, a number of studies have shown that it is, in fact, the Roma population that is most vulnerable to having their children taken from them by the state, Church, and/ or charities. Roma children are routinely removed from their families for discriminatory reasons ranging from not “looking Roma” to Roma families possessing “too many children”. Due to poverty and marginalization, Roma children are also at a higher risk of being trafficked.

Hitka Ahmetović (38), Mother of a Missing Child

“I was the mother of four children, but now I have only three. never returned home. No one has seen her and no one knows Neither my husband nor I are employed and must survive off anything. It has been really difficult for me. We put the news of the money I get by collecting waste that I find in garbage on Facebook and asked people to share. We begged people containers. I search the containers together with my chil- to tell us if they knew anything or had seen her somewhere. dren. I didn’t go to school. I was never given that chance and I don’t know why this has happened to us. People always my father never even considered that I should be educated. say that we, the Roma people, steal children away, but look My husband, children and I live a very hard life. The life of a at my fate. A Roma mother, whose child was stolen and has Roma is difficult. Nobody can help us or understand our pro- been missing for so many years. I would give everything I blems. Things have gotten even harder since my baby disa- have to know what happened to her. I would walk barefooted ppeared. My girl Jasminka. She was 12 years old. She disappe- to another country just to find her. My fate is sad. She was ared five years ago and we have never been able to find her. I such a great daughter and great help to me. She used to went and reported it to the police and they searched for her, watch her brothers and sisters and would stay at home while but we have never found a trace of what happened to her. I went to look for waste in the containers. I hope she will The last time she was seen, she was near the school in Vitez. reappear again one day or that we will hear something about She had stayed there to look at the garbage containers and her. Only then will my soul be calm again.”

69 Foto / Photo: Mirko Pincelli

70 71 Stereotip: Dileri droga i ovisnici Percepcija: Romi su i dileri droga i ovisnici o drogama. Ovo je Realnost: Dilanje droga i njihovo konzumiranje nije dio rom- rezultat kulture konzumiranja droga u romskim zajednicama. ske kulture. Ove aktivnosti treba posmatrati kao simptom teškog života Roma koji podrazumijeva siromaštvo, prepreke u zapošljavanju, beskućništvo i zakonske nedostatke. Pored toga, Romi nemaju adekvatan pristup programima liječenja ili smanjenja štete.

Aldina Denić (28), aktivistica za ljudska prava i predsjednica Udruženja “Mladi Romi”

“Završila sam osnovnu školu u Vitezu i bila sam odlična predrasuda da su svi Romi kriminalci, dileri drogama i narko- učenica. Zatim sam upisala srednju školu za farmaceutske mani, i željela sam se boriti protiv te predrasude volontira- tehničare u Novoj Bili. Bila sam jedina Romkinja u razredu, njem u ovom Udruženju, da pokažem svima da su ovo samo tako da mi je škola osigurala besplatnu školarinu. Od upisa u sporadični slučajevi mladih osoba koje su bolesne i trebaju srednju školu 2005. godine do njenog završetka volontirala našu pomoć. Ovakvi slučajevi postoje u svakom društvu, ali sam u jednom romskom udruženju gdje sam radila na predš- Romi su stigmatizirani kao populacija narkomana i krimina- kolskom obrazovanju romske djece i njihovoj pripremi za laca. Radila sam i za Misiju OSCE-a u BiH u terenskom uredu polazak u školu. Nakon završetka srednje škole 2010. godine, u Travniku, kao mladi stručnjak za pitanja Roma u Vitezu. upisala sam Pedagoški fakultet u Sarajevu, smjer pedagoško Takođe sam 2011. godine osnovala Udruženje mladih Roma obrazovanje. Tokom studiranja, nastavila sam volonterski i predsjednica sam Udruženja. Misija ovog Udruženja jeste rad u Udruženju građana za prevenciju ovisnosti (NARKO- borba protiv predrasude i diskriminacije romske djece i NE), na slučajevima mladih Roma koji su živjeli na ulici i bili omladine. Udruženje se takođe bori za zaštitu ljudskih prava, ovisnici o drogama. Osjećala sam da je ova kategorija mladih s posebnim težištem na prava Romkinja. Sada sam udata i ljudi najugroženija i da joj je najviše trebala pomoć. Postoji majka Marka, mog trogodišnjeg sina”.

72 Stereotype: Drug Dealers and Addicts Perception: Roma are both drug dealers and drug addi- Reality: Drug dealing and using are not a part of Roma cts. This is the outcome of the drug culture within Roma culture. Such activities should be regarded as symptomatic communities. of the hardships Roma must face such as poverty, barriers to employment, homelessness, and legislative gaps. In addition, Roma do not have adequate access to treatment or harm-re- duction programs.

Aldina Denić (28), Human Rights Activist and President of the Young Roma Association

“I graduated from elementary school in Vitez where I was that all Roma are criminals, drug dealers and drug addicts an excellent student. I then enrolled in the high school and I wanted to combat the prejudice by volunteering for for pharmaceutical technicians in Nova Bila. I was the only this association so that I could show people that these Roma woman in my class, so the school waved my tuition are sporadic cases involving young people who are sick fees. From the time I started high school in 2005 until I gra- and need our help. These cases exist in every society, but duated, I volunteered in a Roma association where I worked the Roma have been stigmatized as a population of drug on pre-school education for Roma children who are getting addicts, and criminals. I also worked at the OSCE Mission to ready to start school. After I graduated in 2010, I enrolled BiH field office in Travnik as a young Roma expert of Vitez at the Pedagogical Faculty in Sarajevo, Department for affairs. In 2011, I founded the Young Roma Association for Pedagogical Education. During my studies, I continued my which I serve as the president. The association’s mission is volunteer work with the Citizens’ Association for Addiction to fight prejudice and discrimination against Roma children Prevention (NARKO-NE) where I worked on the cases of yo- and young people. The association also aims to protect ung Roma who were on the streets and addicted to drugs. human rights with a special focus on the rights of Roma I felt that this category of young people was the most women. I’m now married and the mother of Mark, my vulnerable and needed the most help. There is a prejudice three-year-old son.”

73 Foto / Photo: Aldin Fafulović

74 75 Stereotip: Odsustvo zajedničke istorije Percepcija: Romi ne osjećaju nikakvu vezu sa istorijom Realnost: U mnogim mjestima romske populacije naselje- ili kulturom države u kojoj žive. ne su decenijama, ako ne i vijekovima. Ove zajednice često formiraju identitete povezivanjem svog nasljeđa s kultu- rom i istorijom države u kojoj žive. U Bosni i Hercegovini, na primjer, Tito je važna istorijska ličnost za mnoge Rome. Jugonostalgija je česta pojava kod starijih generacija Roma jer se Jugoslavija pamti kao država relativne ravnopravnosti i jedinstva svih ljudi. Istorija rata je i za njih uzrok podjela.

Porodica Čengalović: Muhamed Fafulović (64), suprug Ramiz (71) i supruga Saliha (66) ratni vojni invalid

Ramiz: “Živimo u selu Očice na zemlji mojih pradjedova. “Prije rata radio sam 30 godina u željezari. Tada je život bio Oduvijek sam ovdje živio, kao i moj otac i moj djed. Radio drugačiji. Bilo je teško, ali je bilo mnogo lakše ako si imao sam čitav život. Kada sam imao 19 godina, dobio sam posao posao i zarađivao platu. Nikad nisam bio predmetom diskri- u firmi “Gorica” i u njoj sam zaradio penziju. Ali, to mi nije bio minacije u mojoj firmi zato što sam Rom. Zatim je došao rat i jedini posao. Radio sam i kao zidar i kao stolar. Imao sam lijep regrutovali su me u Armiju Bosne i Hercegovine da kopam ro- život. Kada sam napunio 23 godine, oženio sam svoju Salihu. vove i radim fizičke poslove. Ranjen sam, ovdje u centru grada Bila je prava ljepotica. Odmah smo se zaljubili jedno u drugo. Viteza, u septembru 1993. godine. Taj događaj mi je još uvi- Bila je to zaista ljubav na prvi pogled. Ona dolazi iz dobre jek nejasan, i samo se sjećam otvorene vatre u kojoj smo se porodice, lijepo je odgojena i pametna. Znao sam da ćemo iznenada našli. Čuli su se pucnji iz snajperskih pušaka, pale su imati lijep zajednički život. Ali, bilo je i teških vremena, kada granate, a zrak je postao crn i pun prašine. Ne sjećam se kako smo morali naporno raditi i graditi. Izgradili smo dvije kuće i sam shvatio da sam ranjen u nogu, samo sam vidio krv kako uveli vodu i struju. Zatim su sa djecom došle i odgovornosti, mi teče niz nogu i sjećam se bola. Ne sjećam se ničega iza ali ljubav i poštovanje održali su nas na okupu. Naše četvoro toga, osim da sam se probudio u bolnici u Splitu. Kad sam bio djece su dobri ljudi, pošteni i obrazovani. Jedan od naših ranjen, ostavili su me za sobom. Pronašla me hrvatska vojska i sinova i njegova supruga žive u kući pored naše. Ostala djeca prebacila u Split gdje su mi amputirali nogu kako bi mi spasili su u inostranstvu u Njemačkoj i Americi. Imaju dobar život. život. Napustio sam bolnicu 1994. godine i vratio se kući. Bilo Niko ih ne gleda s visine zato što su Romi. Ravnopravni su sa je teško navići se na život bez noge. Trebalo mi je vremena da svim ostalim ljudima. Tako je bilo i u Titovoj Jugoslaviji. Svi prihvatim da sam invalid i da sam osuđen na život u kolicima. smo poštovali jedni druge. Bili smo braća i sestre. Bio je to Mnogo vremena mi je trebalo da prihvatim svoju sudbinu i dobar život u ono vrijeme. Iz ljubavi i poštovanja prema Titu, shvatim da trebam biti zahvalan što sam ostao živ i da ću gle- njegova slika uvijek visi na zidu naše kuće. I prije rata i poslije dati svoju djecu kako odrastaju. Rat je užasna stvar i u njemu rata. Kazao sam svojoj djeci da treba zauvijek ostati na zidu nije bitno ko je ko. U ratu smo svi potencijalne žrtve, bili Romi kao podsjetnik dobrih vremena. Mi zaista volimo Tita. Za nas, ili ne. U svakom ratu stradaju civili. Nadam se da se nikad više on je vrijedan poštovanja i divljenja”. neće ponoviti period iz 1992-1995. godine”.

76 Stereotype: An Absence of Shared Histories Perception: Roma feel no connection to the history or cul- Reality: In many places, Roma communities have been ture of the country in which they live. settled for decades, if not centuries. These communities of- ten form identities that are tied to both their heritage and the cultures and histories of their host countries. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, for example, Tito is an important historical figure for many Roma. Yugonostalgia is common among older generations of Roma as Yugoslavia is remembered as a country of relative equality and unity for all. Histories of war also span all divides.

The Čengalović Family: Muhamed Fafulović (64), husband Ramiz (71) and wife Saliha (66) Disabled War Veteran

Ramiz: “We live in the village Očice on the land of my gran- “Before the war, I worked in an iron factory for 30 years. Back dfathers. I have always lived here, as did my father and my then life was different. It was difficult but could be made grandfather. I worked my whole life. When I was 19, I got much easier if you had a job and were able to earn a salary. I a job at a utility company called Gorica and that is where I was never discriminated against at my company because I was earned my retirement. But that was not my only job. I also Roma. Then the war came and I was recruited by the Army of worked as a mason and a carpenter. I lived a nice life. When Bosnia and Herzegovina to dig trenches and do manual labor. I was 23, I married my Saliha. She was such a beauty. We fell I was wounded here in the Vitez city center in September in love immediately. It truly was love at first sight. She was of 1993. That event is still a blur to me and I only remember from a nice family, well raised and smart. I knew we would the open fire that was suddenly upon us. They were shooting have a good life together. But there were difficult times sniper rifles. Shells were falling and the air was black and full when we had to work hard and build. We built two houses of dust. I don’t remember how I came to realize that my leg and connected them to water and electricity. Then, with was wounded, I only saw that blood was flowing down the leg children came responsibilities, but love and respect kept in my pants and I remember feeling pain. I do not remember us together. Our four children are good people, honest and anything after that except for waking up in a hospital in Split. educated. One of our sons and his wife live in the house next I had been left behind and wounded and the Croatian army door to us. Our other children are abroad in Germany and took me to Split where they amputated my leg in an effort to America. They have good lives. No one looks down on them save my life. In 1994, I left the hospital and returned home. because they are Roma. They are equal to everyone else. It was hard to get used to life without a leg. It took time to That’s how it was in Tito’s Yugoslavia. We all respected one accept that I was now immobilized and condemned to a life another. We were brothers and sisters. That was the good in a wheelchair. It took me a lot of time to accept my destiny life back then. Out of love and respect for Tito, his picture and to realize that I should be grateful I am alive and will be has always hung on our wall. Before and after the war. And able to see my children grow up. War is a terrible thing and it I told my children it should remain there as a reminder of doesn’t matter who is who. In war, we are all potential victims, those good times. We really love Tito. For us, he is worthy of Roma or not. In every war, civilians are killed. I hope that we respect and admiration.” will never again repeat that period from 1992-1995.”

77 Foto / Photo: Brad Hobbs

78 Foto / Photo: Brad Hobbs

79 Stereotip: Zlostavljači životinja Percepcija: Romi uopšte ne brinu o dobrobiti životinja, te Realnost: Romska populacija formira odnose sa životinjama često zlostavljaju i iskorištavaju životinje u svrhu finansijske na isti način kao i neromska. Od porodičnih ljubimaca do dobiti ili radi lične zabave. vrijednih životinja na farmi, životinje imaju važnu ulogu u romskim zajednicama. Kao i kod neromske populacije, slu- čajevi zlostavljanja su individualni i nisu rezultat nedostatka morala u zajednici.

Fata Musić (58), domaćica, aktivistica za ljudska prava i ljubitelj životinja

“Ja sam domaćica. Nikad nisam radila u nekoj firmi, ali sam u kući i bilo bi teško održavati je čistom. Ali, naši psi su uvijek volontirala za mnoga udruženja koja se bave pravima žena. dobro nahranjeni i čisti. Jednostavno nije tačno da Romi ne Još od djetinjstva volim životinje. Moj otac je imao nekoli- vole životinje. Mnogo puta sam čula kako ljudi govore da mi ko pasa i mačaka. Odrasla sam u okruženju punom ljubavi, mučimo i maltretiramo životinje i da ih puštamo da gladuju. s roditeljima i našim životinjama. Pokušala sam i drugim To jednostavno nije istina. Mi bismo dali posljednji zalogaj ljudima iz našeg sela prenijeti ovu emociju i objasniti im da hrane koji imamo našim ljubimcima. Ako pogledate ulice su životinje naši prijatelji, da su odane i pune ljubavi. Imam po velikim gradovima, možete vidjeti veliki broj napuštenih mnogo pasa, ali moj ljubimac je Miki. Sa mnom je preko pasa i drugih životinja, tako da kad bi ljudi osjećali prema deset godina. Miki živi u kući s mojim suprugom i sa mnom. životinjama ono što osjećaju Romi, vjerujem da bi ovaj svijet Nemamo djecu, tako da nam je on kao dijete. Brinemo se za bio mnogo bolje mjesto i za ljude i za životinje. Moj pas Miki njega i hranimo ga. Miki je dobar pas. Voli nas i mi volimo nje- je očit primjer ovoga. Volimo ga i nadamo se da će živjeti s ga. Naši ostali psi žive napolju jer nemamo mnogo prostora nama još dugi niz godina”.

80 Stereotype: Animal Abusers Perception: Roma people have no regard for animal welfare, Reality: Roma populations form relationships with animals often abusing and exploiting animals either for monetary in the same way non-Roma do. From beloved family pets gain or personal entertainment. to valued farm animals, animals have a variety of impor- tant roles in Roma communities. As tends to be the case in non-Roma societies, instances of abuse are individual and not the result of a community-wide moral deficiency.

Fata Musić (58), Housewife, Women’s Rights Activist, and Animal Lover

“I am a housewife. I have never worked for a company, but inside of our house and it would make it difficult to maintain I have been engaged in and have volunteered at various and keep it clean, but we always keep all of our dogs well-no- associations that deal with women’s rights. Since I was a child, urished and clean. It just isn’t true that Roma people don’t I’ve always loved animals. My father had several dogs and cats. have a love for animals. There have been many times when I grew up in a loving environment with my parents and our I’ve heard people say that we torture and mistreat animals animals. I also tried to convey to other people from the village and that we let them go hungry. This just simply isn’t true. We this emotion and explain to them that animals are our friends; would give the last bite of food to our pets. If you look at the that they are loyal and full of love. I have a lot of dogs, but streets in the big cities there are a large number of abando- my favorite is Miki. He’s been with me for over 10 years now. ned dogs and other animals, so if all people felt the way about Miki lives in the house with my husband and me. We didn’t animals that the Roma people do, I believe this world would have children, so he is like our child. We take care of him and be a better place for both the people and for the animals. My feed him. Miki is a good dog. He loves us and we love him. Our dog Miki is clear evidence of this. We love him a lot and we other dogs live outside because we don’t have much space hope he’ll live with us for many more years to come.”

81 82 Foto / Photo: Armin Durgut

83 O CPI-u Osnovan 2011. godine, Centar za postkonfliktna istraživa- ARMIN DURGUT je fotoreporter i obučeni dopisnik Balkan nja (CPI), sa sjedištem u Sarajevu, je nevladina organizacija Diskursa iz Zenice, Bosna i Hercegovina. Kao fotograf počeo posvećena obnavljanju kulture mira i spriječavanju nasilnog je raditi za Patria novinsku agenciju 2014. godine, a trenutno sukoba na zapadnom Balkanu stvaranjem, implementacijom radi za “Dnevni Avaz”. Prvi novinski zadatak mu je bilo izvje- i podržavanjem nekonvencionalnih i inovativnih pristupa štavanje o nesreći u jami Raspotočje, u kojoj je život izgubilo mirovnom obrazovanju, postkonfliktnim istraživanjima, petoro ljudi. Njegove radove objavili su, između ostalog, ljudskim pravima i tranzicijskoj pravdi. Više o radu centra Forbes, NY Post, Wall Street Journal, The Sun, The Sunday Times, saznajte na www.p-crc.org Daily Mail, National Geographic i Bild. U maju 2018. godine, Arminova fotografija iz projekta ‘’Na marginama’’ osvojila je prvo mjesto na memorijalnom fotokonkursu “Goran Terzić”.

O fotografima VEDRAN ŽIVKOVIĆ je fotograf iz Tuzle, BiH. Vedran je diplo- mirao web i grafički dizajn na IT akademiji u Beogradu 2016. MIRKO PINCELLI je nagrađivani italijanski reditelj igranih godine i sada radi kao fotoreporter za web portal tuzlan- i dokumentarnih filmova sa velikim iskustvom u oblasti ski.ba. Osvojio je prvo mesto na fotografskom takmičenju fotografije i fotoreporterstva. Mirko je radio na zadacima “Budućnost je sada” koje je organizovala organizacija Pravo kao fotoreporter na Balkanu i drugim postkonfliktnim po- Ljudski i učestvovao je na Lux radionici u Beogradu, koja je dručjima i režirao je na desetine web-serija, kratkih filmova, okupila najuspešnije mlade fotografe iz regiona. Za sebe reklama, muzičkih spotova i kratkih dokumentarnih filmova u kaže da je uvijek uživao u pronalaženju kreativnih trenutaka Velikoj Britaniji, širom Evrope i Sjedinjenih Američkih država. u prirodi i svakodnevnom životu i kroz fotografiju teži da te Radio je sa poznatim fotografima kao što su Donna Trope i trenutke “zamrzne” u vremenu. fotografisao je poznate ličnosti kao što su Gordon Ramsey i Cheryl Cole. BRAD HOBBS je fotoreporter sa sjedištem u Londonu čiji se fotografski rad fokusira na marginalizovane zajednice. ALDIN FAFULOVIĆ je fotograf porijeklom iz Viteza, Bosna Njegovi fotografski subjekti su prvenstveno ljudi i zajednice i Hercegovina, koji trenutno živi u Zagrebu. Po završetku koje se suočavaju sa političkom, ekonomskom ili društvenom srednje škole u Vitezu i prije nego što se profesionalno počeo marginalizacijom. Bradov rad varirao je od projekata koji su baviti fotografijom, Aldin je pohađao Fakultet političkih nau- pokrivali ljudski uticaj gentrifikacije na dugogodišnje stanov- ka u Sarajevu. Dobitnik je nekoliko nagrada, od kojih je veliki nike Peckhama, u Londonu, do dokumentovanja loših uslova broj fokusiran na njegov rad sa bosanskom romskom zajedni- života starijih ljudi tokom brutalnih zima u Njujorku. Njegove com. Organizator je dvije samostalne izložbe u Gradskoj gale- radove objavili su, između ostalog, National Geographic Travel, riji u Vitezu u okviru fotografske serije “Život Roma u Vitezu”, Huffington Post i Dazed. koja ima za cilj promjenu načina percepcije romskih zajedni- ca. Aldin je trenutno dopisnik romskog portala “UDAR”, koji je posvećen razbijanju stereotipa u vezi sa Romskom populaci- jom i u velikoj mjeri je uključen u rad udruženja ‘’Mladi Romi’’ u Vitezu. Udruženje je dio Vijeća mladih općine Vitez i Vijeća mladih Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine.

84 About PCRC Founded in 2011, the Sarajevo-based Post-Conflict Research ARMIN DURGUT is a photojournalist and a Balkan Diskurs Center (PCRC) is an NGO dedicated to restoring a culture of trained youth correspondent from Zenica, Bosnia and peace and preventing violent conflict in the Western Balkans Herzegovina. He began working as a photojournalist for through the creation, implementation, and support of un- the Patria News Agency in 2014 and is currently a staff conventional and innovative approaches to peace education, photographer for Dnevni Avaz. As his first journalism post-conflict research, human rights, and transitional justice. assignment, he covered the well-known Raspotočje Cave To learn more about PCRC visit www.p-crc.org. tragedy in which five men lost their lives. His work has been featured in media outlets such as Forbes, NY Post, Wall Street Journal, The Sun, The Sunday Times, Daily Mail, National Geographic, and Bild. In May 2018, Armin was awar- About the Photographers ded first place in the “Goran Terzić” Memorial Photography Competition for one of his photographs taken as part of MIRKO PINCELLI is an award-winning feature and docu- the “On the Margins” project. mentary director from Italy and has an extensive backgrou- nd in photography and photojournalism. Mirko has worked VEDRAN ŽIVKOVIĆ is a photographer from Tuzla, Bosnia on assignment as a photojournalist in the Balkans and other and Herzegovina. He graduated from the IT Academy in post-conflict areas and has directed dozens of web-series, Belgrade in web and graphic design in 2016 and now works short films, commercials, music videos and short docu- as a photojournalist for the tuzlanski.ba web portal. Vedran mentaries in the UK, across Europe, and in the US. He has won first place in the “The Future is Now” photography con- worked with iconic photographers like Donna Trope and test organized by the Pravo Ljudski Organization and was a has photographed celebrities such as Gordon Ramsey and participant in the Lux Workshop in Belgrade, which brought Cheryl Cole. together the most successful young photographers from the region. Vedran has always enjoyed finding creative mo- ALDIN FAFULOVIĆ is a Zagreb-based photographer from ments in both nature and everyday life and works to “freeze” Vitez, Bosnia and Herzegovina. After graduating high scho- those moments with a photograph. ol in Vitez, Aldin attended the Faculty of Political Sciences in Sarajevo before becoming a full-time photographer. BRAD HOBBS is a London-based photojournalist whose Aldin has received a number of awards, particularly for his photography focuses on marginalized communities. His work with the Bosnian Roma community. He has launched photo narrative subjects are primarily people and commu- two solo exhibitions at the City Gallery in Vitez as part nities facing political, economic, or social marginalization. of his series, “The Life of Roma in Vitez”, which aims to Brad’s work has ranged from projects covering the human reframe the way Roma communities are perceived. Aldin impact of gentrification on longtime residents of Peckham, currently serves as a correspondent for the Roma portal London to documenting the substandard living conditions ‘’UDAR’’, which is dedicated to breaking Roma stereotypes. of elderly people during New York’s brutal winters. His work He is heavily involved with the Young Roma Association has been featured in outlets such as National Geographic in Vitez, which is a part of the Vitez Municipality Youth Travel, Huffington Post, and Dazed. Council and the Youth Council of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

85  Producent i kustos izložbe / Produced and curated by Centar za postkonfliktna istraživanja (CPI) / Post-conflict Research Center (PCRC)

Urednik fotografije / Editor of photography Mirko Pincelli

Dizajn izložbe / Exhibition design Enes Huseinčehajić

Misija OSCE-a u BiH je podržala štampanje ovog materijala. The printing of this material was supported by the OSCE Mission to BiH.

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