Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Act 2023
In this Act “the Troubles” means the events and conduct that related to Northern Ireland affairs and occurred during the period—
beginning with 1 January 1966, and
ending with 10 April 1998.
That includes any event or conduct during that period which was connected with— any other event or conduct relating to Northern Ireland affairs.
preventing,
investigating, or
otherwise dealing with the consequences of,
Accordingly, in this Act an event or conduct “forming part of the Troubles” is an event or conduct that falls within subsection (1) (including any of a kind described in subsection (2)).
In this Act “other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles” means any conduct forming part of the Troubles which caused a person to suffer physical or mental harm of any kind (excluding death).
For the purposes of this Act—
an offence is “Troubles-related” if—
it is an offence under the law of Northern Ireland, England and Wales or Scotland, and
the conduct which constitutes the offence was to any extent conduct forming part of the Troubles;
a Troubles-related offence is “serious” if the offence—
is murder, manslaughter or culpable homicide,
is another offence that was committed by causing the death of a person, or
was committed by causing a person to suffer serious physical or mental harm;
a Troubles-related offence is “connected” if the offence— and for this purpose, one offence is to be regarded as connected with another offence, in particular, if both offences formed part of the same event.
relates to, or is otherwise connected with, a serious Troubles-related offence (whether it and the serious offence were committed by the same person or different persons), but
is not itself a serious Troubles-related offence;
In this Act—
a person who suffered serious physical or mental harm in the relevant event and has subsequently died;
a member of the family of any other person killed in the relevant event;
if the Chief Commissioner is satisfied that there is good reason to extend the period, such longer period as the Chief Commissioner determines;
“other related proceedings”, in relation to a relevant Troubles-related civil action, means proceedings which relate to, or arise out of the action (including any enforcement action and any appeal), except for costs proceedings;
A person who is, or has ceased to be, a Commissioner, ICRIR officer or ICRIR contractor commits an offence if— It does not matter whether the disclosure of information occurs within or outside the United Kingdom. This paragraph does not apply to the communication of information by a person to another person in that other person’s capacity as a Commissioner, ICRIR officer, or ICRIR contractor. It is a defence for a person charged with an offence under this paragraph to prove that at the time of the alleged offence the person did not know, and had no reasonable cause to believe, that the disclosure would, if it had been made by the ICRIR, have constituted a breach of a relevant prohibition on disclosure.
In this Schedule—
A disclosure of any information by the ICRIR to the Secretary of State is permitted.
A disclosure of protected international information by the ICRIR is permitted if— The Secretary of State must respond to a notification by the Commissioner for Investigations under this paragraph within the relevant decision period, by notifying that Commissioner that the proposed disclosure either— But the Secretary of State may notify the Commissioner for Investigations that the proposed disclosure is prohibited only if, in the Secretary of State’s view, the disclosure of the protected international information would, or would be likely to, damage international relations.
The affected report must include a statement that the Secretary of State decided to prohibit the proposed disclosure. The statement must also set out any reasons for prohibiting the disclosure which the Secretary of State gives in accordance with paragraph 4(4). In a case where— a new final report relating to the death or other Troubles-related circumstances must be produced in accordance with section 15.
This paragraph applies if the relevant court has determined an initial appeal. The person who brought the initial appeal may bring an appeal in the appeal court against the determination of the initial appeal (a “further appeal”). But that person may bring the further appeal only with the leave of— The court may not give such leave unless satisfied that—
This Part of this Schedule applies for the purposes of section 15 or 17 to determine whether one person (F) is a relevant family member of another person (D) who is— F is a relevant family member of D if— In this paragraph “relevant event” has the same meaning as in section 15 or 17.
This Part of this Schedule applies if—
a person (P) has requested the ICRIR to grant P immunity from prosecution (the “current request”) under section 19 and conditions A to C are met, but
this Schedule prohibits a grant of immunity for an identified possible offence (see paragraphs 2 and 3).
If this Schedule prohibits a grant of immunity for all of the identified possible offences, the ICRIR must not grant P immunity from prosecution in relation to the current request. Accordingly, section 19(1) and (7) to (16) do not apply in relation to the current request.
In section 13 of the Coroners Act 1988 (order to hold investigation), after subsection (4) insert— The repeal of the Coroners Act 1988 in Part 1 of Schedule 23 to the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 applies to section 13(5) of the 1988 Act as it applies to the other provisions of that Act.
“possible criminal conduct” means conduct that would tend to expose a person— a Troubles-related offence.
The Commissioner for Investigations may authorise— to do any act which the Commissioner for Investigations may do. But no authorisation under sub-paragraph (1) may be given in relation to any function of the Commissioner for Investigations under section 6(2). An authorisation under this paragraph may be given generally or specially.
Seconded ICRIR officers are under the direction and control of the ICRIR in the same way as employed ICRIR officers. In the case of the secondment of a member of a police force to be a seconded ICRIR officer— If a seconded ICRIR officer is a constable in any police force, the powers and privileges which that person has by virtue of being a constable are not exercisable in Northern Ireland— Sub-paragraph (3) ceases to apply to a person who resigns from, or otherwise ceases to hold, the office of constable. Service as a seconded ICRIR officer is— If a member of the PSNI is a seconded ICRIR officer, the application of— to the person does not affect the person’s ability, as an ICRIR officer, to be a member of any trade union or association. In this paragraph—
The ICRIR may, in such cases and to such extent as appear to the ICRIR to be appropriate, pay— The ICRIR may make arrangements for the legal representation of any ICRIR officer in any proceedings mentioned in sub-paragraph (1). The Employer’s Liability (Defective Equipment and Compulsory Insurance) (Northern Ireland) Order 1972 (S.I. 1972/963 (N.I. 6)), and any provision under the law of England and Wales or Scotland that has a corresponding effect, does not require insurance to be effected by the ICRIR. The ICRIR is liable for the unlawful conduct of a person which occurs when the person is acting, or purporting to act, as a seconded ICRIR officer in the same manner as an employer is liable in respect of unlawful conduct of employees in the course of their employment. If the unlawful conduct is a tort, the ICRIR is accordingly to be treated as a joint tortfeasor.
F is a “step-child” of D if F is a child of a person—
who was the spouse, civil partner or co-habitee of D on the day of D’s death, or
who had ceased to be the spouse, civil partner or co-habitee of D on any day within the period of two years ending with the day of D’s death.
For the purposes of paragraph 3, 4 or 5, one person (A) is, or was, the co-habitee of another person (B) at a particular time if—
at that time A is, or was, living in the same household as B in a relationship with B corresponding to marriage or to civil partnership, and
A has been, or had been, doing so for a period of at least two years ending with that day.
Paragraphs 2 to 5 set out which disclosures of information are “permitted” for the purposes of section 30(3).
A disclosure of sensitive information by the ICRIR is permitted if— The Secretary of State must respond to a notification by the Commissioner for Investigations under this paragraph within the relevant decision period, by notifying that Commissioner that the proposed disclosure either— But the Secretary of State may notify the Commissioner for Investigations that the proposed disclosure is prohibited only if, in the Secretary of State’s view, the disclosure of the sensitive information would risk prejudicing, or would prejudice, the national security interests of the United Kingdom. If the Secretary of State notifies the Commissioner for Investigations that the proposed disclosure is prohibited—
In this Part of this Schedule “initial appeal” means an appeal to the relevant court against the Secretary of State’s decision not to permit the proposed disclosure in the affected report. The function of the relevant court on an initial appeal is to review the Secretary of State’s decision not to permit the proposed disclosure. In determining an initial appeal, the relevant court must apply the principles applicable on an application for judicial review or, in Scotland, an application to the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court of Session. On an initial appeal— If the court does not exercise that power to quash the decision, it must dismiss the appeal.
Any proceedings on an initial appeal or a further appeal (including any proceedings before the Supreme Court) are to be treated as section 6 proceedings (within the meaning of the JSA 2013) for the purposes of sections 8 to 14 of the JSA 2013. Sections 8 to 14 of the JSA 2013 apply in relation to proceedings treated as section 6 proceedings by sub-paragraph (1) as if— But sections 8 to 14 of the JSA 2013, and rules of court relating to section 6 proceedings, do not prevent an appeal under this paragraph from being considered in the presence of—
The Northern Ireland (Sentences) Act 1998 is amended in accordance with this Schedule. Those amendments do not apply in relation to any application for a declaration made to the Commissioners under section 3(1) of the Northern Ireland (Sentences) Act 1998 before this Schedule comes into force.
After section 13 insert—
is of lasting historical significance;
The ICRIR is not to be regarded as the servant or agent of the Crown or as enjoying any status, immunity or privilege of the Crown.
Any function of the ICRIR may be exercised on behalf of, and in the name of, the ICRIR by— who has been authorised (whether generally or specifically) by the ICRIR for that purpose. Any functions conferred on a Commissioner (whether by this Act or otherwise) are to be treated as functions of the ICRIR exercisable by the Commissioner on behalf of, and in the name of, the ICRIR. A function conferred on a Commissioner is to be exercisable by the ICRIR if— But that does not apply to function of the Chief Commissioner as a member of the immunity requests panel (including any function as chair of the panel). If a function is exercisable by the ICRIR in accordance with sub-paragraph (3), the ICRIR may make arrangements under sub-paragraph (1) relating to the exercise of the function.
A person who holds a relevant office may not be appointed as a Commissioner. A person ceases to be a Commissioner if the person begins to hold a relevant office. A reference in this Schedule to a person who holds a relevant office is a reference to a person who is—
A person ceases to be a Commissioner if the person gives the Secretary of State written notice of resignation. The Secretary of State may call on a Commissioner to resign— If the Secretary of State calls on a Commissioner to resign, the Commissioner must resign— For the purposes of this paragraph a person is “insolvent” if— For the purposes of this paragraph a person is “disqualified from being a company director” if the person is subject to—
A designated ICRIR officer has— But that is subject to—
This paragraph applies if a person other than a relevant authority— A relevant authority may identify any of the information which (in the relevant authority’s opinion) is— The relevant authority must notify the Commissioner for Investigations of any of the information which that relevant authority has identified in accordance with this paragraph.
for which leave was given before the commencement day, or
Section 2
Section 6
“relevant event”, in relation to the final report on the findings of a review of a death or other harmful conduct, means the event in which that death, or other harmful conduct, occurred.
A designated ICRIR officer may only exercise the powers and privileges of a Scottish constable in one or other of the following cases. The first case is where— The second case is where— In this paragraph—
A designated ICRIR officer must produce evidence of the designation if— If the designated ICRIR officer fails to produce such evidence, that failure does not make the exercise of the operational power invalid.
The ICRIR must ensure that any instruction given by the Lord Advocate or procurator fiscal in relation to the investigation of offences is complied with when designated ICRIR officers are exercising the powers and privileges of Scottish constables.
Any person who resists, obstructs or impedes— is guilty of an offence. A person guilty of an offence under this paragraph is liable— In this paragraph, the references to the execution of the duty of a designated ICRIR officer are references to— In relation to an offence committed before the commencement of section 280(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (alteration of penalties for summary offences), the reference in sub-paragraph (2)(c) to 51 weeks is to be read as a reference to one month.
The ICRIR may require a person to pay a penalty if the ICRIR is satisfied, on a balance of probabilities, that the person— A penalty—
A person (the “appellant”) may appeal to the court against a decision to require the person to pay a penalty under this Part of this Schedule. An appeal may be brought only if the appellant has given a notice of objection and the ICRIR has reduced, increased, or determined not to alter the penalty under paragraph 3(3). An appeal must be brought within the period of 28 days beginning with the date on which the person is notified of the ICRIR’s decision on the notice of objection under paragraph 3(4). On appeal, the court may— An appeal— Sub-paragraph (5)(a) has effect despite any provision of rules of court. In this regulation, a reference to “the court” is a reference—
In this Part of this Schedule—
A person guilty of an offence under this Schedule is liable—
on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both;
on summary conviction in Northern Ireland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both;
on summary conviction in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both;
on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.
A notification of information under paragraph 2 or 3 must include a statement of whether, in the relevant authority’s opinion, the information would, if disclosed generally, be—
sensitive information,
prejudicial information, or
information of both of those kinds.
Section 43(1) and (2) do not apply to any action which involved prior cross-border mediation. Accordingly, in relation to such an action, section 43 has effect as if subsections (1) and (2) were replaced with these provisions— A reference in section 43(7) or (8) to section 43(1) or (2) accordingly includes a reference to the corresponding provision contained in sub-paragraph (2).
After section 7 of the Inquiries into Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths etc. (Scotland) Act 2016 (asp 2) insert— Before Schedule 1 to that Act insert—
the final reports published in accordance with section 17, and
Section 9
Section 14
Section 19
This paragraph applies where— When dealing with the new request, the duty of the immunity requests panel to decide (under section 19(7)) what immunity should be granted to P has effect subject to sub-paragraphs (3) and (4). The panel must not decide that P should be granted immunity from prosecution for any identified possible offence which was also within the scope of the revoked immunity. When the panel is determining under section 19(9) or (11)(b) a description of offences for which P should be granted immunity from prosecution, the panel must frame the description so that it does not consist of, or include, one or more offences which were also within the scope of the revoked immunity. If the panel decides in accordance with sub-paragraphs (3) and (4) that there are no offences for which P should be granted immunity— For the purposes of this paragraph the new request is “concluded” when the ICRIR gives P written notice of the outcome of the request in accordance with section 19(13)(a).
Section 30
Section 30
Section 32
The Commissioner for Investigations must, from time to time, identify any information held by the ICRIR which (in that Commissioner’s opinion) is— That duty does not require the Commissioner for Investigations to identify information as sensitive information, or as prejudicial information, if (in accordance with paragraph 2 or 3) a relevant authority has notified the Commissioner for Investigations that that authority has identified the information as that kind of information.
The Secretary of State may notify the Commissioner for Investigations of— which, in the Secretary of State’s opinion, is protected international information.
any information held by the ICRIR, or
any information which any person is proposing to make available to the ICRIR,
Section 43
Section 43
Section 44
Section 48
Section 58
any final reports of which summaries are given in accordance with section 17;
“ICRIR reports” means—
“powers and privileges of a Northern Ireland constable” means the powers and privileges of a constable if, and to the extent that, they are exercisable in Northern Ireland or the adjacent United Kingdom waters;
“P” means the person who carried out the relevant conduct;
The ICRIR is to determine—
the number of employed ICRIR officers; and
the terms of their employment.
The following Orders apply to ICRIR officers as they apply to constables— This paragraph does not apply to the Commissioner for Investigations (instead see paragraph 8(8)).
In this Part—
A designation has effect without limitation of time, unless the designation specifies a period for which it is to have effect. But that is subject to any modification or withdrawal of the designation. This paragraph does not apply to the designation of the Commissioner for Investigations under section 6(1).
This paragraph applies to legislation if it provides for the issuing of warrants which authorise a constable to exercise any power or privilege of a constable. For the purpose of enabling a designated ICRIR officer to exercise that power or privilege, the legislation has effect as if the designated ICRIR officer were a constable.
Any person who assaults— is guilty of an offence. Sub-paragraph (1)(a) does not apply to an assault on a designated ICRIR officer under the law of England and Wales (instead see section 1 of the Emergency Workers (Offences) Act 2018). A person guilty of an offence under this paragraph is liable— In this paragraph, the references to the execution of the duty of a designated ICRIR officer are references to—
The power of a national authority under section 58(2) to make consequential provision includes power to make such provision as the appropriate authority considers appropriate in consequence of— having the powers and privileges of constables in accordance with this Schedule. That provision may (in particular)—
This Part of this Schedule applies if—
it was proposed to disclose sensitive information in a final report (the “proposed disclosure”),
the Commissioner for Investigations notified the Secretary of State of the proposed disclosure in accordance with paragraph 4(1)(a), and
the Secretary of State decided to prohibit the proposed disclosure in the final report (the “affected report”).
An initial appeal may be brought by— An initial appeal must be brought within the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the affected report is published under section 17.
In this Part of this Schedule— Expressions used in this Part of this Schedule and in sections 9 to 15 have the same meanings in this Part as in those sections. For the purposes of bringing an initial appeal a person “would be eligible to request a review” if, at the time of bringing the initial appeal, the person would be entitled to make a request under— and, in determining whether the person would be entitled to make the request, the fact that a review has already been requested must be ignored. The following provisions apply to a determination (for the purposes of sub-paragraph (3)) of whether a person would be entitled to make a request under section 9. In the case of a request under section 9(2), it is for the relevant court (rather than the Commissioner for Investigations) to decide the person’s entitlement to make the request (and accordingly section 9(7) does not apply). In determining for the purposes of this Schedule whether a person is, under Schedule 3, a close family member of D, paragraph 1(2) of Schedule 3 has effect as if the following provision were substituted for paragraph (f)—.
This paragraph applies to an action if— The Secretary of State is entitled to be given notice, in accordance with rules of court, that it may be an action that contravenes a section 43 prohibition. The Secretary of State (or a person nominated by the Secretary of State) is entitled, on giving notice in accordance with rules of court, to be joined as a party to the action. Notice under sub-paragraph (3) may be given at any time during proceedings relating to the action. A person who has been made a party to the action as the result of a notice under sub-paragraph (3) may take part in proceedings so far as they concern the question of whether it is an action that contravenes a section 43 prohibition.
Section 3 (applications to the Sentence Review Commissioners) is amended in accordance with this paragraph. After subsection (6) insert— In subsection (7)— After subsection (7) insert—
“panel functions” means functions of the Chief Commissioner as a member or the chair of the immunity requests panel.
This paragraph applies to an action if sufficient evidence is adduced to raise an issue as to whether it is an action that contravenes a section 43 prohibition. The court must determine the question of whether it is an action that contravenes a section 43 prohibition in accordance with this paragraph. The court must assume that it is an action that contravenes the section 43 prohibition unless it is proved that the action does not do so. If the court determines that it is an action that contravenes the section 43 prohibition, the court must dismiss the action. But the powers of a court in relation to the determination or recovery of costs (in Northern Ireland or England and Wales) or expenses (in Scotland) of the action are not affected by that obligation to dismiss the action. Accordingly, the court may comply with that obligation by dismissing the action subject to determination or recovery of costs or expenses. The court— But sub-paragraph (7) is subject to the following exceptions— In this paragraph “question of limitation law” means a question relating to—
In this Schedule (including the modification of section 43 made by paragraph 1(2))— “Relevant Troubles-related civil action” has the same meaning as in section 43. The “matter in dispute” in a relevant Troubles-related civil action is the claim (referred to in section 43(4)) which arises out of conduct forming part of the Troubles and which the action is to determine. The matter in dispute has been “subject to cross-border mediation in accordance with transitional EU law” if it is within case A or case B below. Case A: a case where the 2008 Mediation Directive applies to the matter in dispute by virtue of point (i) or (ii) of Article 69(1)(b) of the EU withdrawal agreement (cases where, before the end of the transition period, the parties had agreed, or been ordered, to use mediation). In such a case, the “cross-border mediation ends” when the mediation referred to in point (i) or (ii) of Article 69(1)(b) ends. Case B: a case where— In such a case, the “cross-border mediation ends” when that mediation ends. A mediation— The “corresponding limitation provision” is— Accordingly— An Order or Act is “the limitation legislation that is ordinarily applicable” if the time limit for bringing the action which involved prior cross-border mediation was, or would be (in the absence of section 43), given in that Order or Act (see section 43(6)). The “2019 Regulations” are the Cross-Border Mediation (EU Directive) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019 (S.I. 2019/469). The “2020 Regulations” are the Civil and Family Justice (EU Exit) (Scotland) (Amendment etc) Regulations 2020 (S.S.I. 2020/441).
“order-making functions” has the meaning given in subsection (1).
For the purposes of this section it does not matter if an event or conduct occurred in Northern Ireland, in another part of the United Kingdom, or elsewhere.
The Independent Commission for Reconciliation and Information Recovery is established.
The ICRIR is a body corporate.
The ICRIR consists of—
the Chief Commissioner,
the Commissioner for Investigations, and
between one and five other Commissioners.
The principal objective of the ICRIR in exercising its functions is to promote reconciliation.
The functions of the ICRIR are—
to carry out reviews of deaths that were caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles (see sections 9 and 11 to 13);
to carry out reviews of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles (see sections 10 to 13);
to produce reports (“final reports”) on the findings of each of the reviews of deaths and other harmful conduct (see sections 15 to 18);
to determine whether to grant persons immunity from prosecution for serious or connected Troubles-related offences other than Troubles-related sexual offences (see sections 19 to 21);
to refer deaths that were caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles, and other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles, to prosecutors (see section 25);
to produce a record (the “historical record”) of deaths that were caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles (see sections 28 and 29).
In exercising its functions, the ICRIR must have regard to the general interests of persons affected by Troubles-related deaths and serious injuries.
At least three months before the start of each financial year, the ICRIR must— But this duty does not apply in relation to any financial year which starts before 1 April 2025.
produce and publish a work plan for that year, and
give a copy of the plan to the Secretary of State.
A work plan must deal with the following matters—
the caseload which the ICRIR is expecting;
the plans which the ICRIR has for dealing with its caseload;
the plans which the ICRIR has for engaging with persons entitled to request reviews of deaths and other harmful conduct;
policies which the ICRIR is planning to introduce, review or change;
such other matters as the ICRIR considers appropriate.
No later than six months after the end of each financial year, the ICRIR must—
produce and publish an annual report in relation to that year, and
give a copy of the annual report to the Secretary of State.
An annual report must deal with the following matters—
the finances of the ICRIR;
the administration of the ICRIR;
the volume of information received by the ICRIR;
the number of requests for reviews that have been made;
the number of final reports on the findings of reviews that have been provided to persons requesting them;
the number of applications for immunity from prosecution that have been made;
the number of applications for immunity from prosecution that have been decided by the immunity requests panel;
the number of persons who have been granted, and the number of persons who have been refused, immunity from prosecution;
progress made in producing the historical record;
such other matters as the ICRIR considers appropriate.
The Secretary of State may make payments or provide other resources to, or in respect of, the ICRIR in connection with the exercise of the ICRIR’s functions.
Schedule 1 contains provision about the ICRIR, the Commissioners and the ICRIR officers.
In this section “persons affected by Troubles-related deaths and serious injuries” means—
family members of persons whose deaths were caused directly by conduct forming part of the Troubles (and the reference to those deaths has the meaning given in section 9(9)),
persons who suffered serious physical or mental harm that was caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles, and
family members of persons who suffered such harm and have subsequently died.
In this Act “financial year”, in relation to the ICRIR, means—
the period which—
begins with the day on which this section comes into force, and
ends with the following 31 March; and
each subsequent period of one year which ends with 31 March.
The ICRIR may employ persons to be officers of the ICRIR.
The ICRIR may make arrangements for persons to be seconded to serve as officers of the ICRIR.
In employing and seconding persons, the ICRIR must ensure that (as far as it is practicable) the officers of the ICRIR include—
persons who have experience of conducting criminal investigations in Northern Ireland, and
persons who do not have that experience but have experience of conducting criminal investigations outside Northern Ireland.
In this Act “ICRIR officers” means—
the Commissioner for Investigations,
the persons employed under this section, and
the persons seconded under this section.
The ICRIR must not do anything which—
would risk prejudicing, or would prejudice, the national security interests of the United Kingdom,
would risk putting, or would put, the life or safety of any person at risk, or
would risk having, or would have, a prejudicial effect on any actual or prospective criminal proceedings in any part of the United Kingdom.
In relation to something done by the ICRIR, criminal proceedings are “prospective” if, in the view of the ICRIR, the proceedings are likely to be brought within a reasonable period after that thing is done.
Subsection (1)(c) does not apply to grants of immunity from prosecution by the ICRIR under section 19 (but see paragraph 3 of Schedule 5).
For provision about the way in which subsection (1) operates in relation to disclosures of information, see section 30(2) to (9).
A relevant authority must make available to the ICRIR such— as the Commissioner for Investigations may reasonably require for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exercise of the review function or the immunity function.
information,
documents, and
other material,
A relevant authority may also make available to the ICRIR any— which, in the view of that authority, may be needed for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exercise of the review function or the immunity function.
information,
documents, and
other material,
It is for the relevant authority and the Commissioner for Investigations to agree the manner in which information, a document or other material is to be made available under this section (unless the Commissioner for Investigations imposes a requirement under subsection (4)).
Information which the Commissioner for Investigations requires to be made available under subsection (1) is to be made available in such manner as that Commissioner may reasonably require.
An agreement under subsection (3) may provide, and a requirement under subsection (4) may require, (in particular) that the relevant authority is to—
give the information, document or other material to the Commissioner for Investigations;
give a copy of the information, document or other material to the Commissioner for Investigations;
allow the ICRIR to access the information, document or other material while it is held by the relevant authority.
A requirement under subsection (4) (including anything required by virtue of subsection (5)) must be consistent with regulations under section 34(1).
The Commissioner for Investigations may require any of the following persons to give the ICRIR such assistance as is reasonable for the purposes of, or in connection with, the effective use of information, documents and other material made available by that person under this section—
the Chief Constable of the PSNI;
the chief officer of a police force in Great Britain;
the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland;
the Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct;
the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner.
It is not a breach of— for a relevant authority to make information, documents and other material available under this section.
any obligation of confidence owed by a relevant authority, or
any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed),
In this section “copy” includes a photograph or similar representation.
The Commissioner for Investigations is (by virtue of this section) designated as a person having the powers and privileges of a constable.
The Commissioner for Investigations may designate any other ICRIR officer as a person having the powers and privileges of a constable, if that Commissioner is satisfied that that ICRIR officer—
is capable of effectively exercising those powers and privileges;
has received adequate training in respect of the exercise of those powers and privileges; and
is otherwise a suitable person to exercise those powers and privileges.
The powers and privileges of a constable which the Commissioner for Investigations, or any other ICRIR officer, has by virtue of a designation under this section may be exercised for the purposes of, or in connection with, any function of the ICRIR except the function of producing the historical record.
Schedule 2 contains further provision about the operational powers of ICRIR officers.
This section applies in relation to criminal proceedings brought against a person (D).
Compelled material obtained from D may not be used in evidence against D.
If D has made an application for immunity from prosecution, the following material may not be used in evidence against D—
material provided by D to the ICRIR (including the immunity requests panel) in connection with the application;
material obtained (directly or indirectly) as a result of material provided as mentioned in paragraph (a).
Subsection (2) does not apply in relation to proceedings against D for an offence under paragraph 8(1)(a) of Schedule 4 (distortion of evidence); and subsections (2) and (3) do not apply in relation to proceedings against D for an offence under section 27 (false statements).
Any other material provided by, or obtained from, D for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exercise of any of the ICRIR’s functions may not be used in evidence against D unless exception 1 or 2 applies in relation to the material.
Exception 1: the material was provided to, or obtained by, an ICRIR officer designated under section 6(1) or (2).
Exception 2: the proceedings brought against D relate to—
the exercise by the ICRIR of any function,
any other conduct of the ICRIR,
the conduct of any current or former Commissioner, ICRIR officer or ICRIR contractor,
a person being appointed, or holding office, as a Commissioner, or
a person being employed or seconded as, or being, an ICRIR officer.
Where subsection (4) or exception 1 or 2 applies in relation to the material, this section does not affect the application to that material of any other legislation or rule of law relating to admissibility.
No evidence relating to any material inadmissible against D may be adduced, and no question relating to any material inadmissible against D may be asked by or on behalf of the prosecution, unless evidence relating to that material is adduced, or a question relating to that material is asked, in the proceedings by or on behalf of D.
This section applies in relation to material, and evidence or questions relating to material—
whether the material is in the form in which it was provided or obtained, or in some other form;
whether the material (in whatever form) is in the possession of the ICRIR or another person (whether obtained directly or indirectly from the ICRIR).
In this section—
No protected material, or evidence relating to protected material, is admissible in any—
civil proceedings,
proceedings before a coroner, or
inquiry under the Inquiries into Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths etc. (Scotland) Act 2016 (asp 2).
This section does not apply to proceedings which relate to—
the exercise by the ICRIR of any function,
any other conduct of the ICRIR,
the conduct of any current or former Commissioner, ICRIR officer or ICRIR contractor,
a person being appointed, or holding office, as a Commissioner,
a person being employed or seconded as, or being, an ICRIR officer, or
judicial review proceedings or, in Scotland, proceedings on an application to the supervisory jurisdiction of the Court of Session, which relate to the exercise of functions by, or other conduct of, a person other than the ICRIR.
This section applies in relation to material, and evidence or questions relating to material—
whether the material is in the form in which it was provided or obtained, or in some other form;
whether the material (in whatever form) is in the possession of the ICRIR or another person (whether obtained directly or indirectly from the ICRIR).
This section does not apply to any protected material which has been obtained by the ICRIR from a relevant authority under section 5.
In this section—
A close family member of the deceased may request a review of a death that was caused directly by conduct forming part of the Troubles.
If there are no close family members of the deceased, any member of the family of the deceased may instead exercise the right to make a request under subsection (1), but only if it is appropriate for that family member to make that request.
The Secretary of State may request a review of a death that was caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles (whether or not it was caused directly by the conduct).
The Attorney General for Northern Ireland may request a review of a death that was caused directly by conduct forming part of the Troubles.
The Advocate General for Northern Ireland may request a review of a death that was caused directly by conduct forming part of the Troubles if section 14(3) of the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959 applies to the death (inquest on orders of Advocate General if national security involved).
A request for a review of a death that was caused directly by conduct forming part of the Troubles may be made by any of the following persons—
the coroner in Northern Ireland who was responsible for an inquest into that death which has been closed in accordance with section 16A(3) of the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959;
the senior coroner in England and Wales who was responsible for conducting an investigation into that death which has been discontinued in accordance with paragraph 1(3) of Schedule 1A to the Coroners and Justice Act 2009;
the Chief Coroner of England and Wales, if the Chief Coroner is prohibited by paragraph 2(4) of Schedule 1A to the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 from directing a senior coroner to conduct an investigation into the death;
the sheriff in Scotland who was responsible for conducting an inquiry into that death which has been discontinued in accordance with paragraph 1(3) of Schedule A1 to the Inquiries into Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths etc. (Scotland) Act 2016 (asp 2);
the procurator fiscal in Scotland who was responsible for conducting an investigation into that death which has been discontinued in accordance with paragraph 1(4)(b) of Schedule A1 to the Inquiries into Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths etc. (Scotland) Act 2016;
the Lord Advocate, if the Lord Advocate is prohibited by paragraph 2(a) of Schedule A1 to the Inquiries into Fatal Accidents and Sudden Deaths etc. (Scotland) Act 2016 from exercising functions so as to cause an inquiry to be held into the death.
It is for the Commissioner for Investigations to decide if it is appropriate for a family member to make a request in accordance with subsection (2).
A request under this section may not be made after the end of the fifth year of the period of operation of the ICRIR.
For the purposes of this section, a death was “caused directly by conduct forming part of the Troubles” if—
the death was wholly caused by physical injuries or physical illness, or a combination of both, that resulted directly from an act of violence or force, and
the act of violence or force was conduct forming part of the Troubles.
In this section—
any other conduct that relates to, or is otherwise connected with, the main conduct;
The ICRIR may regulate its own proceedings (including quorum). The validity of any proceedings of the ICRIR is not affected by—
The ICRIR must— The statement of accounts must be prepared in accordance with any directions that are given by the Treasury. The ICRIR must send a copy of each statement of accounts to the Secretary of State and the Comptroller and Auditor General as soon as practicable after the end of the financial year to which the statement relates. The Comptroller and Auditor General must—
A designation may be made subject to any limitations specified in the designation. In particular, a designation may include— This paragraph does not apply to the designation of the Commissioner for Investigations under section 6(1).
Any power or privilege of a constable is, when exercisable by a designated ICRIR officer, subject to any territorial restrictions on its exercise to which it is subject when exercisable by a constable.
If a power or privilege of a constable is exercisable by any ICRIR officer, a reference to a constable in any legislation which relates to that power or privilege is to be taken to be, or to include, a reference to any ICRIR officer by whom that power or privilege is exercisable.
Any person (P) who, with intent to deceive— is guilty of an offence. A person guilty of an offence under this paragraph is liable—
This Part of this Schedule applies for the purposes of— to determine whether one person (F) is a close family member of another person (D). F is a close family member of D if F— Paragraphs 2 to 5 set out the meanings of “co-habitee”, “step-child”, “step-parent”, “step-brother” and “step-sister” for the purposes of this paragraph. In this paragraph “relevant review” means—
F was, or is, a “step-parent” of D on a particular day if F—
was, or is, the spouse, civil partner or co-habitee of a parent of D on that day, or
had ceased to be the spouse, civil partner or co-habitee of a parent of D on any day within the period of two years ending with that day.
If the ICRIR decides to require a person to pay a penalty under this Part of this Schedule, the ICRIR must give the person a penalty notice. A penalty notice must—
This paragraph applies where a sum is payable to the ICRIR as a penalty under this Part of this Schedule. In England and Wales, the penalty is recoverable as if it were payable under an order of the county court in England and Wales. In Scotland, the penalty may be enforced in the same manner as an extract registered decree arbitral bearing a warrant for execution issued by the sheriff court of any sheriffdom in Scotland. In Northern Ireland, the penalty is recoverable as if it were payable under an order of a county court in Northern Ireland. Where action is taken under this paragraph for the recovery of a sum payable as a penalty under this Part of this Schedule, the penalty is— The ICRIR must pay into the Consolidated Fund any penalty paid or recovered under this Part of this Schedule.
Proceedings for an offence under paragraph 8 or 9 may be instituted—
in England and Wales, only by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions;
in Northern Ireland, only by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.
A grant of immunity for an identified possible offence is prohibited if it is— For the purposes of this paragraph “sexual offence” includes— For the purposes of this paragraph “inchoate offence relating to a sexual offence” includes an offence of— The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make provision about the meaning of— for the purposes of this Part of this Schedule (including provision specifying offences which are to comprise, or to be included in, that definition). Regulations under this paragraph are subject to negative procedure.
This paragraph applies if this Schedule prohibits a grant of immunity for some (but not all) of the identified possible offences. The immunity requests panel must not decide under section 19(7) that P should be granted immunity from prosecution for— The ICRIR must not grant P immunity from prosecution for any identified possible offence for which this Schedule prohibits a grant of immunity. Section 19(7) to (13) have effect subject to this paragraph.
In this Schedule—
In Schedule 3 (sentences passed outside Northern Ireland), paragraph 2 (equivalent offences) is amended in accordance with this paragraph. An offence is equivalent to a qualifying offence if— For the purposes of sub-paragraph (A1)— In sub-paragraph (1)— This sub-paragraph applies to an offence which— In sub-paragraph (2), after “sub-paragraph (1)(c)” insert “or (1A)(c)”.
After section 23B of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973 insert—
After Article 5 of the Foreign Limitation Periods (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 (S.I. 1985/754 (N.I. 5)) insert—
“oral history record about events and conduct before or after the period of the Troubles” means a record (in any form) which—
to prosecution for,
the Lord Advocate;
“penalty notice” means a notice given under paragraph 2(1).
A person may request a review of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles if that conduct caused that person to suffer serious physical or mental harm.
The Secretary of State may request a review of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles (whether or not it caused any person to suffer serious physical or mental harm).
A request under this section may not be made after the end of the fifth year of the period of operation of the ICRIR.
A person making a request for a review may include in the request particular questions about the death, or other harmful conduct, to which the review will relate.
The Commissioner for Investigations is to decide—
the form and manner in which a request for a review is to be made;
the circumstances (if any) in which a request for a review may be changed (including by changing particular questions included in the request) or withdrawn.
The Commissioner for Investigations may reject a request for a review that is not made in the required form or manner.
In a case where— the Commissioner for Investigations is to decide how that request is to be dealt with.
the ICRIR is carrying out a review of a death or other harmful conduct (whether following a request under section 9 or 10 or a decision by the ICRIR under section 12), and
a request (or subsequent request) is made for a review relating to that death or that other harmful conduct,
The Commissioner for Investigations may (in particular) decide—
to reject that request (or subsequent request), or
that, in a case where the ICRIR is carrying out the review following a request, the person or persons making the subsequent request are to be treated as if they had joined in the making of the earlier request.
In a case where— the Commissioner for Investigations is to decide how that request is to be dealt with.
the ICRIR has carried out a review of a death or other harmful conduct (whether following a request under section 9 or 10 or a decision by the ICRIR under section 12), and
a request (or subsequent request) is made for a review relating to that death or that other harmful conduct,
In deciding how that request is to be dealt with, the Commissioner for Investigations—
must take into account the review that has already been carried out; and
in particular, must ensure that the ICRIR does not do anything which duplicates any aspect of that review unless, in the ICRIR’s view, the duplication is necessary.
The Commissioner for Investigations may (in particular) decide to reject that request (or subsequent request).
This section applies if a person (P) makes a request under section 19 for the ICRIR to grant P immunity from prosecution.
The ICRIR may carry out a review of a death caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles if it appears to the Commissioner for Investigations that any relevant conduct by P—
caused the death, or
relates to, or is otherwise connected with, other conduct (by P or another person) that caused the death.
The ICRIR may carry out a review of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles if it appears to the Commissioner for Investigations that any relevant conduct by P—
caused the physical or mental harm concerned, or
relates to, or is otherwise connected with, other conduct (by P or another person) that caused the physical or mental harm concerned.
For the purposes of this section—
“relevant conduct by P” means conduct by P forming part of the Troubles that is relevant to P’s request for immunity from prosecution;
relevant conduct by P is to be regarded as connected with other conduct, in particular, if all of that conduct formed part of the same event.
The Commissioner for Investigations must comply with the obligations imposed by the Human Rights Act 1998 when exercising functions under this section.
The Commissioner for Investigations has operational control over the conduct of reviews by the ICRIR, whether they have been—
requested under section 9 or 10, or
decided on by the ICRIR under section 12.
The following provisions of this section apply to the Commissioner for Investigations in exercising operational control over the conduct of reviews.
The Commissioner for Investigations must ensure that each review is carried out (but see subsection (10)).
The Commissioner for Investigations must ensure that each review, whether or not a criminal investigation forms part of the review, looks into all the circumstances of the death or other harmful conduct to which it relates, including any Troubles-related offences (whether serious or not) which relate to, or are otherwise connected with, that death or other harmful conduct.
The Commissioner for Investigations is to decide how and when different reviews are to be carried out, including by deciding—
whether different reviews should be carried out in conjunction with each other;
what steps are necessary in carrying out any review.
In particular, the Commissioner for Investigations is to decide whether a criminal investigation is to form part of a review.
In deciding what steps are necessary, the Commissioner for Investigations—
must take into account any investigation that has previously been carried out by any other person into the death or other harmful conduct to which the review relates; and
in particular, must ensure that the ICRIR does not do anything which duplicates any aspect of the previous investigation unless, in the ICRIR’s view, the duplication is necessary.
In deciding what steps are necessary, the Commissioner for Investigations must, in particular, have regard to the following matters so far as they are relevant—
any particular questions included in a request for the review (see section 11(1));
whether the review will, or is likely to, lead only to the production of a final report;
any request made by a person (P) to the ICRIR to grant immunity from prosecution if it appears to the Commissioner for Investigations that any relevant conduct by P—
caused the death, or physical or mental harm, to which the review relates, or
relates to, or is otherwise connected with, other conduct (by P or another person) that caused that death or other harmful conduct;
whether information obtained through the review will be, or is likely to be, provided to a prosecutor.
A review is not to be carried out if—
the Commissioner for Investigations decides, in the case of a request made by a person in accordance with section 9(2), that it is not appropriate for that person to make the request;
the Commissioner for Investigations rejects the request in accordance with section 11(3), (5)(a) or (8).
Subsection (1) does not limit the duty of the Commissioner for Investigations to comply with the obligations imposed by the Human Rights Act 1998 when exercising other functions.
For the purposes of this section—
an offence is to be regarded as connected with a death or other harmful conduct, in particular, if the offence formed part of the same event as that death or other harmful conduct;
“relevant conduct by P” means conduct by P forming part of the Troubles that is relevant to P’s request for immunity from prosecution.
The Commissioner for Investigations may exercise the powers conferred by subsections (2) and (3) for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exercise of the review function.
The Commissioner for Investigations may by notice require a person to attend at a time and place stated in the notice—
to provide information;
to produce any documents in the person’s custody or under the person’s control;
to produce any other thing in the person’s custody or under the person’s control for inspection, examination or testing.
The Commissioner for Investigations may by notice require a person, within such period as appears to that Commissioner to be reasonable—
to provide evidence in the form of a written statement;
to provide any documents in the person’s custody or under the person’s control;
to produce any other thing in the person’s custody or under the person’s control for inspection, examination or testing.
A notice under this section must—
explain the possible consequences of not complying with the notice;
indicate what the recipient of the notice should do to make a claim under subsection (5).
A claim by a person that— is to be determined by the Commissioner for Investigations, who may revoke or vary the notice on that ground (or leave it unchanged).
the person is unable to comply with a notice under this section, or
it is not reasonable in all the circumstances to require the person to comply with such a notice,
In deciding whether to revoke or vary a notice on the ground mentioned in subsection (5)(b), the Commissioner for Investigations must consider the public interest in the information in question being obtained, having regard to the likely importance of the information.
A claim by a relevant authority that the ICRIR— is to be determined by the Commissioner for Investigations, who may vary the notice, so as to require the nominated person to comply with it, or revoke the notice (or leave it unchanged).
would breach section 4(1)(a) or (b) if the person given a notice under subsection (2) or (3) was required to comply with the notice, but
would not breach section 4(1)(a) or (b) if a different person nominated by the relevant authority were instead required to comply with that notice,
For the purposes of this section a thing is under a person’s control if it is in the person’s possession or if the person has a right to possession of it.
Schedule 4 makes provision about enforcement of notices under this section.
This section applies where— has been carried out.
a review of a death that was caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles, or
a review of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles,
The Chief Commissioner must produce a final report on the findings of the review in accordance with this section.
If particular questions were included in the request for a review (see section 11(1)), the final report must include—
the ICRIR’s response to those questions, if and to the extent that it has been practicable to respond to them in carrying out the review in accordance with section 13;
for each question to which it has not been practicable to respond, a statement of that outcome.
The final report must include a statement of the manner in which the review was carried out.
In the case of a review of a death or of other harmful conduct carried out following a request made under section 9 or 10, the Chief Commissioner must, before producing the final report—
give a draft of the report to the person who requested the review; and
allow the person to make representations about the report during the applicable response period.
In the case of a review of a death carried out following a request made under section 9 or following a decision made by the ICRIR under section 12(2), the Chief Commissioner must, before producing the final report—
give a draft of the report to—
any relevant family members of the person to whose death the review relates,
any relevant family members of any other persons killed in the relevant event, and
any person who suffered serious physical or mental harm in the relevant event or, where such a person has subsequently died, any relevant family members of the person, and
allow those persons to make representations about the report during the applicable response period.
In the case of a review of other harmful conduct carried out following a request made under section 10 or following a decision made by the ICRIR under section 12(3), the Chief Commissioner must, before producing the final report—
give a draft of the report to—
any relevant family members of any persons killed in the relevant event, and
any person who suffered serious physical or mental harm in the relevant event or, where such a person has subsequently died, any relevant family members of the person, and
allow those persons to make representations about the report during the applicable response period.
In the case of any review, if it is proposed to include in the final report material criticising an individual, the Chief Commissioner must, before producing the report—
give a copy of that material to the individual; and
allow the individual to make representations about that material during the applicable response period.
In the case of any review, if it is proposed to include in the final report material criticising a public authority, the Chief Commissioner must, before producing the report—
give a copy of that material to the public authority or to a person who, in the Chief Commissioner’s view, currently has responsibility for the public authority; and
allow that public authority or person to make representations about that material during the applicable response period.
The Chief Commissioner must not produce the final report until after—
any applicable response period has ended, or
all of the applicable response periods have ended (where two or more persons are consulted and those periods end on different days).
If the Chief Commissioner considers that it would not be in the public interest for material included in a draft of the report to appear in the final report, the Chief Commissioner may exclude that material from the final report.
The Chief Commissioner must take account of any representations made by a person in accordance with the consultation provisions when the Chief Commissioner is deciding under subsection (7) whether to exclude any material.
If the Chief Commissioner has consulted a person, this section does not require the Chief Commissioner to give that person a draft of any revised version of the final report or any material included in it.
If this section requires the Chief Commissioner to give a draft of the final report to two or more persons, this section does not require the Chief Commissioner to give the same draft to all of those persons.
In this section—
“fatal accidents legislation” means—
“initial period” means the period of one year beginning with the specified day;
This section applies where the Chief Commissioner produces the final report on the findings of a review in accordance with section 15.
If the review was carried out following a request made under section 9 or 10, the Chief Commissioner must—
give the final report to the person who requested the review, and
publish the final report.
If the review was carried out following a decision by the ICRIR under section 12, the Chief Commissioner may publish the final report.
When deciding whether to publish the final report in such a case, the ICRIR must (in particular) take into account the views of—
any relevant family members of any person killed in the relevant event, and
any person who suffered serious physical or mental harm in the relevant event or, where such a person has subsequently died, any relevant family members of the person.
The ICRIR must take such steps as it considers reasonable to identify, and obtain the views of, the persons referred to in subsection (4)(a) and (b).
If a final report is not published in such a case, the Chief Commissioner must publish the statement of the manner in which the review was carried out that is included in the final report in accordance with section 15(3).
It is for the Chief Commissioner to decide the manner in which a final report, or statement of the manner in which a review was carried out, is published.
The Chief Commissioner may give the designated persons under Part 4 summaries of any final reports which are not published.
In this section—
the relevant event (which has the same meaning as in section 16(2)).
The Chief Commissioner may authorise— to do any act which the Chief Commissioner may do. But that does not apply to any act to be done by the Chief Commissioner as a member of the immunity requests panel (including any to be done as chair of the panel). An authorisation under this paragraph may be given generally or specially.
In this Schedule a reference to an action that contravenes a section 43 prohibition is a reference to a relevant Troubles-related civil action that—
is being continued in contravention of the prohibition in section 43(1), or
has been brought in contravention of the prohibition in subsection 43(2).
This paragraph applies if, in accordance with paragraph 3, the court determines the question of whether an action contravenes a section 43 prohibition. Section 43 does not stop any proceedings which relate to, or arise out of, the determination, including any appeal or proceedings for costs (in Northern Ireland or England and Wales) or expenses (in Scotland), from being begun or continued.
The Chief Commissioner must comply with sections 15 to 17 as soon as is practicable after the review has been carried out.
But subsection (1) does not apply to—
producing under section 15, and giving and publishing under section 17(2) and (3), the final report on the findings of an excepted review, or
publishing under section 17(6) the statement of the manner in which an excepted review was carried out.
For that purpose an “excepted review” is— if the Commissioner for Investigations refers any of that conduct to a prosecutor under section 25 (the “relevant conduct”).
a review of a death that was caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles, or
a review of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles,
Instead, in such a case, the final report is not to be produced and published, or the statement is not to be published, unless and until—
the prosecutor has made a decision not to prosecute P for any relevant offence, or
if the prosecutor has made a decision to prosecute P for any relevant offence or offences, the public prosecution or prosecutions are no longer continuing.
Section 16 or 17 and this section do not require the Chief Commissioner— unless (and until) the Chief Commissioner can do so in accordance with sections 4(1) and 30(2).
to give a copy of a draft of a final report, material which it is proposed to include in a final report, or a final report, to any person, or
to publish a final report or statement of the manner in which a review was carried out,
Paragraph 8 of Schedule 6 makes provision about—
other material that must be included in a final report, and
circumstances in which a new final report must be produced.
Paragraph 3(2)(d) and (e) of Schedule 5 (certain circumstances in which a public prosecution is, or is not, continuing) apply for the purposes of this section.
In this section—
The ICRIR must grant a person (P) immunity from prosecution if conditions A to C are met.
Condition A: P has requested the ICRIR to grant P immunity from prosecution.
Condition B: the immunity requests panel is satisfied that the ICRIR is in possession of an account (“P’s account”) that—
has been given by P,
describes conduct by P which is, or includes, conduct forming part of the Troubles (“P’s disclosed conduct”), and
is true to the best of P’s knowledge and belief.
P’s account may consist of, or include, information which has previously been given by P (whether directly to the ICRIR or otherwise) if, or to the extent that, the immunity requests panel is satisfied that the information is true to the best of P’s knowledge and belief.
Condition C: the immunity requests panel is satisfied that P’s disclosed conduct would tend to expose P— one or more particular serious or connected Troubles-related offences identified by the panel (the “identified possible offences”).
to a criminal investigation of, or
to prosecution for,
In deciding whether condition C is met, the immunity requests panel must disregard—
the effects of sections 38 to 41, and
any other law that might or would prevent a prosecution of P for an offence from being begun or continued (for example abuse of process — but see paragraph 3 of Schedule 5).
Where conditions A to C are met, the immunity requests panel must decide whether P should be granted—
specific immunity from prosecution,
general immunity from prosecution, or
specific and general immunity from prosecution.
“Specific immunity from prosecution” is immunity from prosecution for all of the identified possible offences.
“General immunity from prosecution” is immunity from prosecution for all serious or connected Troubles-related offences which are within a description determined by the immunity requests panel.
In that case, the description of offences must—
be framed by reference to P’s disclosed conduct, and
consist of, or include, all of the identified possible offences.
“Specific and general immunity from prosecution” is immunity from prosecution for—
all of the identified possible offences, and
all serious or connected Troubles-related offences which are within a description determined by the immunity requests panel.
In that case, the description of offences must be framed by reference to P’s disclosed conduct.
The ICRIR—
must give P written notice of the outcome of P’s request for immunity from prosecution; and
must (where the outcome is that P is to be granted immunity) grant P— as decided by the immunity requests panel.
specific immunity from prosecution,
general immunity from prosecution, or
specific and general immunity from prosecution,
Immunity from prosecution may not be revoked, except by a court under section 26.
A reference in any other provision of this Act to an offence for which a person (P) has been granted immunity from prosecution is a reference to an offence which is within the scope of— that has been granted to P in accordance with this section.
specific immunity from prosecution,
general immunity from prosecution, or
specific and general immunity from prosecution,
Section 39 sets out the effects of a grant of immunity from prosecution.
This section is subject to Schedule 5.
A request by a person (P) for a grant of immunity that is made after the end of the fifth year of the period of operation of the ICRIR is not valid unless, when the request is made, the ICRIR is carrying out a review that relates to—
relevant conduct by P, or
other conduct which relates to, or is otherwise connected to, relevant conduct by P (including where the other conduct forms part of the same event as relevant conduct by P).
The Secretary of State may make rules about the procedures for—
making requests for grants of immunity from prosecution;
dealing with requests for grants of immunity from prosecution.
Subject to any rules, the Chief Commissioner is to determine the procedures for—
making requests for grants of immunity from prosecution;
dealing with requests for grants of immunity from prosecution.
A request for a grant of immunity is not valid if it is not made in accordance with any applicable procedure that—
is in rules, or
has been determined by the Chief Commissioner.
It is for the Chief Commissioner to decide whether a request that has been made is valid.
Rules under this section are to be made by statutory instrument; and a statutory instrument containing the rules is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament.
If the Chief Commissioner is unable to exercise some or all of the immunity functions, generally or in particular circumstances, the Chief Commissioner may nominate another person—
to temporarily exercise the immunity functions so far as the Chief Commissioner is unable to exercise them, and
to be a temporary member of, and to temporarily chair, the immunity requests panel so far as those functions are panel functions.
But the Secretary of State may nominate a person under subsection (7) if the Chief Commissioner is unable to make a nomination.
A person may not be nominated under subsection (7) if the person—
would be disqualified from appointment as a Commissioner by paragraph 8(3) of Schedule 1 (imprisonment, insolvency or disqualification from being a company director), or
does not hold, and has not held, high judicial office (within the meaning of paragraph 8 of Schedule 1).
This Act is to apply to the exercise of immunity functions by a person appointed under subsection (7) as if the functions were being exercised by the Chief Commissioner.
In this section—
For the purposes of this section “relevant conduct by P” is conduct by P forming part of the Troubles that is relevant to P’s request for immunity from prosecution.
This section applies if a person (P) makes a request under section 19 for the ICRIR to grant P immunity from prosecution.
The ICRIR must take reasonable steps to obtain any information which the Commissioner for Investigations knows or believes is relevant to the question of the truth of P’s account.
In forming a view on the truth of P’s account, the immunity requests panel must take into account any information obtained under subsection (2) and any other information in the possession of the ICRIR that is relevant (including information which P has previously given to a person other than the ICRIR).
That includes information obtained through—
any review carried out under section 13, or
any investigation that has previously been carried out by any other person.
Where— that does not prevent the immunity requests panel from forming a view on the truth of an account given by P.
it would have been possible for the ICRIR to carry out a review under section 12 in consequence of P’s request for immunity from prosecution, and
the ICRIR did not decide to carry out the review,
The Chief Commissioner must give guidance about when conditions B and C set out in section 19(3) to (5) are met.
The Chief Commissioner may, in particular, give guidance about ascertaining—
whether an account of a person’s conduct is true to the best of a person’s knowledge and belief;
whether conduct is possible criminal conduct;
whether information is an account of possible criminal conduct.
The Chief Commissioner must give guidance about—
the making of decisions in accordance with section 19(7) whether P should be granted—
specific immunity from prosecution,
general immunity from prosecution, or
specific and general immunity from prosecution;
the determination of descriptions of offences for the purposes of—
a grant of general immunity from prosecution (see section 19(9)), or
a grant of specific and general immunity from prosecution (see section 19(11)).
The immunity requests panel must take account of guidance given under subsection (6) or (8) when exercising functions to which it relates.
In this section—
The immunity requests panel is to consist of—
the Chief Commissioner, and
two ICRIR officers nominated by the Chief Commissioner.
The immunity requests panel is to be chaired by the Chief Commissioner.
The Chief Commissioner—
may remove an ICRIR officer from the panel;
may nominate a different ICRIR officer to be a temporary member of the panel if an ICRIR officer who is a member of the panel is unable to act (and is not removed from the panel).
For provision about the nomination of a person to act temporarily instead of the Chief Commissioner, see section 20(7).
An ICRIR officer may not become or remain a member of the panel (under subsection (1) or (3)) unless the officer—
is a member of the Bar of Northern Ireland, or a solicitor of the Court of Judicature of Northern Ireland, of at least ten years’ standing,
satisfies the judicial-appointment eligibility condition on a ten-year basis (see Part 2 of the Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007), or
is an advocate or solicitor in Scotland of at least ten years’ standing.
In employing and seconding persons to be ICRIR officers, the ICRIR must ensure that the ICRIR officers include at least two persons who are qualified to serve on the panel in accordance with subsection (5).
The functions conferred on the immunity requests panel (whether by this Act or otherwise) are to be treated as functions of the ICRIR exercisable by the immunity requests panel on behalf of, and in the name of, the ICRIR.
This section applies in relation to—
each review of a death which the ICRIR carries out following a request made under section 9;
each review of other harmful conduct which the ICRIR carries out following a request made under section 10;
each request for immunity from prosecution that is made under section 19 (whether or not the ICRIR carries out a review following a decision made under section 12(2) or (3), and whether or not the ICRIR has made such a decision).
The Chief Commissioner must give an eligible person an opportunity to provide a personal statement to the ICRIR.
If an eligible person provides a personal statement, the Chief Commissioner must give that person an opportunity to supplement the statement.
In this section “personal statement” means a statement by an eligible person about the way in which, and degree to which, the Troubles-related events have affected and continue to affect—
that person, and
other relevant persons (if, and to the extent that, the person providing the statement is aware of, and wishes the statement to deal with, the effect on those persons).
The definitions in subsection (6) are to be used for the purposes of this section in cases where this section applies—
in relation to a review of a death which the ICRIR carries out following a request made under section 9, or
in relation to a request for immunity from prosecution that is made under section 19—
where the ICRIR carries out a review of a death following a decision made under section 12(2), or
where, if the ICRIR were to carry out a review in connection with the request for immunity, it would be a review of a death following a decision made under section 12(2).
In any of those cases—
The definitions in subsection (8) are to be used for the purposes of this section in cases where this section applies—
in relation to a review of other harmful conduct which the ICRIR carries out following a request made under section 10, or
in relation to a request for immunity from prosecution that is made under section 19—
where the ICRIR carries out a review of other harmful conduct following a decision made under section 12(3), or
where, if the ICRIR were to carry out a review in connection with the request for immunity, it would be a review of other harmful conduct following a decision made under section 12(3).
In any of those cases—
the conduct which caused the death, or the other harmful conduct, to which the review relates (the “main conduct”), and
The Secretary of State is to determine from time to time how many other Commissioners there are to be under section 2(3)(c) (which allows for there to be between one and five of them).
The appointment of a person as a Commissioner is for a term which— The other terms of a person’s appointment as a Commissioner are to be determined by the Secretary of State. The Secretary of State may pay a person compensation on ceasing to be a Commissioner if it appears to the Secretary of State that there are special circumstances which make it right for the person to receive the compensation.
The Commissioner for Investigations is not to be regarded as in police service for the purposes of—
Article 145 of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 (S.I. 1995/1980 (N.I. 12));
Article 243 of the Employment Rights (Northern Ireland) Order 1996 (S.I. 1996/1919 (N.I. 16));
section 280 of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992; or
section 200 of the Employment Rights Act 1996.
A person is guilty of an offence if the person does anything that is intended to have the effect of— A person is guilty of an offence if the person does anything that the person knows or believes is likely to have the effect described in sub-paragraph (1)(a) or (b).
A person who is guilty of an offence under this Part of this Schedule is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level three on the standard scale or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the relevant maximum, or to both. In this Part of this Schedule “relevant maximum” means— In relation to an offence committed before the commencement of section 281(5) of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 (alteration of penalties for summary offences), the reference in sub-paragraph (2)(b) to 51 weeks is to be read as a reference to six months.
A disclosure of sensitive information by the ICRIR to a person listed in sub-paragraph (2) is permitted if— The persons to whom a disclosure is permitted under this paragraph are— In this paragraph “relevant 10 day period” (in relation to a proposed disclosure notified to the Secretary of State) means the period of ten working days beginning with the day on which notification of the proposed disclosure is given under sub-paragraph (1). For that purpose “working day” means any day other than—
In paragraph 4 or 5 “relevant decision period” (in relation to a proposed disclosure notified to the Secretary of State) means— But if the court directs the Secretary of State to remake a decision— “relevant decision period” means the period for remaking that decision in compliance with that direction.
After section 11 of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 insert— After Schedule 1 to that Act insert—
After section 60ZC of the Police (Northern Ireland) Act 1998 insert—
After section 26E of the Police Reform Act 2002 insert—
In section 58 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (section 57: meaning of excepted disclosure), in subsection (4), after paragraph (d) insert—
After section 4 of the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 1984 insert—
In section 190 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995 (time limit for proceedings against ship owner or ships), after subsection (6) insert—
This section applies where—
an eligible person provides a personal statement in accordance with section 23, and
the person notifies the Chief Commissioner that the person wishes the personal statement to be published by the Chief Commissioner.
The Chief Commissioner must publish the personal statement.
But that duty does not apply if publication of the personal statement—
would breach section 4(1) or 30(2), or
would, in the Chief Commissioner’s view, be contrary to the public interest.
If it is possible to do so, the Chief Commissioner must instead produce an edited version of the personal statement which can be published without—
breaching section 4(1) or 30(2), or
being, in the Chief Commissioner’s view, contrary to the public interest.
But the Chief Commissioner must not publish an edited version unless the person who provided the personal statement agrees to the publication of that version.
The Chief Commissioner does not breach the duties imposed by subsections (2) and (4) if the Chief Commissioner—
wishes to publish an edited version in accordance with subsection (4),
is not able to obtain the agreement to publication of an edited version from the person who provided the personal statement, and
accordingly does not publish the personal statement or any edited version.
The duties imposed by subsections (2) and (4) do not apply if, and for as long as, section 18(2) to (4) has the effect of suspending the duty to publish any final report that is related to the personal statement.
If the Chief Commissioner— the Chief Commissioner must give to the person who provided the personal statement the reasons for taking that course of action.
intends to publish an edited version of the personal statement in accordance with subsection (4), or
intends to publish neither—
the personal statement because subsection (3) applies, nor
any edited version of the personal statement because it is not possible to do so in accordance with subsection (4),
A reference in this section—
to a personal statement includes anything which supplements a personal statement;
to an edited version of a personal statement includes a version of the statement which has been redacted.
For the purposes of this section a final report is “related to” a personal statement if—
the statement is provided in a case where section 23 applies in relation to—
a review which the ICRIR carries out following a request made under section 9 or 10, or
a request for immunity from prosecution where the ICRIR carries out a review following a decision made under section 12(2) or (3), and
the final report is the final report of the findings of that review.
This section applies where— has been carried out.
a review of a death that was caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles, or
a review of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles,
If the Commissioner for Investigations considers there is evidence that relevant conduct constitutes an offence under the law of Northern Ireland by an individual whose identity is known to the Commissioner, the Commissioner—
may refer the conduct to the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland, and
if the conduct is referred, must notify that prosecutor of the offence concerned.
If the Commissioner for Investigations considers there is evidence that relevant conduct constitutes an offence under the law of England and Wales by an individual whose identity is known to the Commissioner, the Commissioner—
may refer the conduct to the Director of Public Prosecutions (for England and Wales), and
if the conduct is referred, must notify that prosecutor of the offence concerned.
If the Commissioner for Investigations considers there is evidence that relevant conduct constitutes an offence under the law of Scotland by an individual whose identity is known to the Commissioner, the Commissioner may—
refer the conduct to the Lord Advocate, and
notify that prosecutor of the offence concerned.
The Lord Advocate may direct the Commissioner for Investigations to exercise the power of referral and notification in accordance with subsection (4); and the Commissioner must comply with any direction that is given unless the person concerned has been granted immunity from prosecution under section 19 for the offence concerned.
In any case where the Commissioner for Investigations refers conduct to a prosecutor under this section, the Commissioner—
must give the prosecutor such information and material relating to the relevant conduct as the Commissioner considers appropriate; and
must, if requested to do so by the prosecutor—
obtain such information or material relating to the relevant conduct as it is practicable to obtain, and
give the information or material obtained to the prosecutor.
In this section—
If— the court which sentences the person for the offence must revoke that grant of immunity from prosecution.
a person is convicted of an offence under section 27,
that offence was committed in the course of requesting the ICRIR to grant the person immunity from prosecution under section 19, and
the person was granted the immunity from prosecution,
If— the court which sentences the person for that offence must revoke every grant of immunity from prosecution under section 19 given to the person before the offence was committed.
a person is convicted of a terrorist offence or an offence with a terrorist connection, and
the person had been granted immunity from prosecution under section 19 before the offence was committed,
For the purposes of subsection (2) a person is convicted of “a terrorist offence or an offence with a terrorist connection” if—
the person is convicted of an offence by a court in Northern Ireland and either—
the offence is listed in Schedule 1A to the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008, or
the court determines under section 30(2) of that Act that the offence has a terrorist connection;
the person is convicted of an offence by a court in England and Wales and either—
the offence is listed in Schedule A1 to the Sentencing Code, or
the court determines under section 69 of the Sentencing Code that the offence has a terrorist connection;
the person is convicted of an offence by a court in Scotland and either—
the offence is listed in Schedule 1A to the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008, or
section 31 of that Act applies to the offence (offences with a terrorist connection in Scotland).
Where— that grant of immunity from prosecution is to be regarded for the purposes of subsection (2) as having been given before the offence was committed.
an offence is found to have been committed over a period of two or more days, or at some time during a period of two or more days, and
a grant of immunity from prosecution is given at any time during that period,
A revocation of immunity under this section—
has immediate effect;
does not prevent a person making a further request for immunity under section 19 (but see Part 2 of Schedule 5 for provision about requests that overlap with revoked immunities).
A person commits an offence by making a false statement to the ICRIR in connection with any of its functions under sections 19 to 22.
For the purposes of this section—
a person makes a false statement by—
making a statement which the person knows to be false in a material respect, or
recklessly making a statement which is false in a material respect;
“making a statement” includes giving an account in connection with a request for immunity under section 19.
A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—
on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years or a fine or both;
on summary conviction in Northern Ireland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both;
on summary conviction in England and Wales, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding the general limit in a magistrates’ court or a fine or both;
on summary conviction in Scotland, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum or both.
Proceedings for an offence under this section may be instituted—
in Northern Ireland, only by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions for Northern Ireland;
in England and Wales, only by or with the consent of the Director of Public Prosecutions.
The historical record is to consist of a single document which gives an account of the circumstances in which each of the relevant deaths occurred.
The ICRIR must take all reasonable steps—
to identify all deaths that were caused by conduct forming part of the Troubles, and
to identify and obtain—
the information about the relevant deaths that is publicly available, and
other information about the relevant deaths which the ICRIR considers is likely to be of use in producing the historical record.
The ICRIR may request a person to provide information in connection with the production of the historical record.
But the ICRIR may not request information that relates to the relevant death, or to the relevant event, to be provided by—
a member of the family of the deceased person,
a person who suffered physical or mental harm as a result of the relevant event, or
a member of the family of a person—
whose death was caused by conduct forming part of the relevant event, or
who was caused physical or mental harm by conduct forming part of the relevant event.
That does not prevent the ICRIR from making a request to a person in their capacity as the holder of an employment, office or other position.
A person may provide information if requested to do so by the ICRIR, but only if the provision of the information would not breach—
any obligation of confidence owed by the person, or
any other restriction on the disclosure of information (however imposed).
When deciding whether it is reasonable to take a particular step for the purposes of subsection (2)(a) or (b), the ICRIR may, in particular, take into account whether that step would, in the ICRIR’s view, involve disproportionate effort or cost.
In this section—
The ICRIR must publish the historical record.
It is for the ICRIR to decide the manner in which the historical record is to be published.
This section does not require the ICRIR to publish the historical record unless (and until) it can do so in accordance with sections 4(1) and 30(2).
The ICRIR may disclose any information held by the ICRIR to any other person.
A disclosure of information by the ICRIR (under this section or any other power or duty) must not be made if any of prohibitions A to F applies to the disclosure or information concerned.
But prohibitions A to D do not apply to a disclosure of information if it is permitted by Schedule 6.
Prohibition A: the Commissioner for Investigations has identified the information as sensitive information (see paragraph 1 of Schedule 8).
Prohibition B: a relevant authority has notified the Commissioner for Investigations that the information has been identified as sensitive information (see paragraph 2 or 3 of Schedule 8).
Prohibition C: the Secretary of State has notified the Commissioner for Investigations that the information has been identified as protected international information (see paragraph 5 of Schedule 8).
Prohibition D: the ICRIR would otherwise contravene the duty imposed by section 4(1) by making the disclosure.
Prohibition E: the disclosure would contravene the data protection legislation (but in determining whether a disclosure would do so, take into account the power or duty which authorises or requires the disclosure). Here “the data protection legislation” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act 2018 (see section 3(9) of that Act).
Prohibition F: the disclosure is prohibited by Parts 1 to 7, and Chapter 1 of Part 9, of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.
Schedule 6 sets out which disclosures are permitted for the purposes of this section and makes provision about decisions to prohibit disclosures of sensitive information in final reports by the ICRIR.
Schedule 7 sets out offences relating to disclosure of information.
Information that has been obtained by the ICRIR— may be used by the ICRIR for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exercise of any function of the ICRIR except the function of producing the historical record.
under section 5, or
through the exercise of police powers,
Information that has been obtained by the ICRIR under section 14 may be used by the ICRIR only for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exercise of the review function.
Subsections (1) and (2) do not authorise the ICRIR to disclose information to any other person.
Subsections (1) and (2) do not apply to any information once it has been—
contained in a final report produced in accordance with section 15, or
published by the ICRIR (otherwise than in a final report) in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
This section does not limit the application of section 4.
In this section “police powers” means powers and privileges of a constable which the Commissioner for Investigations, or any other ICRIR officer, has by virtue of a designation under section 6.
Schedule 8 makes provision about the identification of sensitive, prejudicial or protected international information.
The Secretary of State may give guidance about the identification of sensitive information to—
the ICRIR;
the Chief Constable of the PSNI;
chief officers of police forces in Great Britain;
the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland;
the Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct;
the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner;
Northern Ireland departments;
the Scottish Ministers.
If a person is given guidance under subsection (1), the person must have regard to it in identifying information as sensitive information in accordance with Schedule 8.
The Secretary of State may give guidance to the ICRIR about the exercise of its functions in accordance with section 4(1)(a).
The ICRIR must have regard to any guidance given under subsection (3) in exercising the functions to which the guidance relates.
An information disclosure protocol may be agreed between—
the Commissioner for Investigations, and
one or more of—
the relevant authorities, and
the persons listed in paragraph 3(2) of Schedule 6.
An “information disclosure protocol” is a document dealing with a framework for the disclosure of information by, or to, the ICRIR.
The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make provision about the holding and handling of information by the ICRIR.
The regulations may (in particular)—
make provision about notifications to be given by the ICRIR in respect of information held by the ICRIR;
make provision about measures for holding and handling information securely (including physical, electronic, organisational or systemic measures);
in relation to information which is to cease to be held by the ICRIR, make provision about the destruction or transfer of the information;
make provision about guidance or consultation;
confer functions on the Secretary of State or any other person (as well as on the ICRIR);
create criminal offences.
The information about which the regulations may make provision includes information which (in accordance with Schedule 8)—
the Commissioner for Investigations has identified as prejudicial information or sensitive information,
a relevant authority has identified as, and notified the Commissioner for Investigations as being, prejudicial information or sensitive information, or
the Secretary of State has identified as, and notified the Commissioner for Investigations as being, protected international information.
A criminal offence created under subsection (2)(f)—
may only apply to the conduct of a person who is or has been—
a Commissioner,
an ICRIR officer, or
an ICRIR contractor;
may not impose a penalty that is greater than a penalty that may be imposed for an offence under Schedule 7.
Regulations under this section are subject to negative procedure.
The Secretary of State may by regulations—
designate a collection of biometric material, or part of such a collection, for the purposes of this section;
provide for biometric material in designated collections not to be destroyed if destruction of the material would otherwise be required by any of the destruction provisions;
provide for preserved material to be retained;
provide for preserved material to be used for the purposes of, or in connection with, the exercise of any ICRIR function except the function of producing the historical record;
provide for preserved material to be destroyed.
If regulations provide for the retention of preserved material, the Secretary of State must, by regulations, require—
that periodic reviews of the need to retain the material are carried out by the ICRIR;
that the material is destroyed by no later than the end of a reasonable period after the conclusion of the ICRIR’s work (see section 31(1)) in connection with functions other than producing the historical record.
Regulations made under this section are subject to negative procedure.
In this section—
The Secretary of State must carry out a review of the performance by the ICRIR of the functions conferred by section 2(5).
The Secretary of State must carry out the review by the end of the third year of the period of operation of the ICRIR.
The Secretary of State must lay a copy of the review before Parliament.
The Secretary of State may, by regulations, make provision for winding up the ICRIR if the Secretary of State is satisfied that the need for the ICRIR to exercise the functions conferred by section 2(5) has ceased.
Regulations under subsection (1) may, in particular, make provision for the transfer of property, rights and liabilities (whether or not otherwise capable of being transferred), including any acquired or arising after the regulations are made.
Regulations under subsection (1) may, in particular, repeal or otherwise amend any provision of this Part other than—
this section;
Schedule 7 and the following provisions (which relate to the offence in paragraph 1 of that Schedule)—
section 4(1)(a) and (b);
section 30(2) to (7), (10) and (11);
Schedule 6.
The consequential provision that may (by virtue of section 59(9)(b)) be made by regulations under subsection (1) includes consequential amendments of—
Part 4 or 5 of this Act, or
any legislation other than this Act (whenever passed or made).
The Secretary of State must consult the required consultees, and take into account the annual reports produced by the ICRIR (see section 2(10)) and the Secretary of State’s review of the ICRIR’s functions (see section 36)—
when deciding whether to exercise the power to make regulations conferred by this section; and
before making regulations under this section.
Regulations under this section are subject to affirmative procedure.
If a draft of an instrument containing regulations under this section would, apart from this subsection, be treated for the purposes of the Standing Orders of either House of Parliament as a hybrid instrument, it is to proceed in that House as if it were not a hybrid instrument.
In this section “required consultees” means—
the ICRIR, and
any other person the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to consult.
On and after the day on which this section comes into force, no criminal investigation of any Troubles-related offence may be continued or begun.
But that does not prevent the ICRIR from carrying out any of its functions .
The Chief Constable of the PSNI and the chief officer of each police force in Great Britain must notify the Secretary of State of any criminal investigations of Troubles-related offences which, on the day before this section comes into force, their police force is carrying out.
This section has effect subject to section 42(3) (criminal investigations relating to pre-commencement prosecutions).
This section applies in relation to a serious or connected Troubles-related offence if a person (P) has been granted immunity from prosecution for the offence under section 19.
No criminal enforcement action may be taken against P in respect of the offence.
This section applies in relation to a serious or connected Troubles-related offence by a person (P) unless P has been granted immunity from prosecution for the offence under section 19.
Criminal enforcement action may be taken against P in respect of the offence by P if—
the Commissioner for Investigations has referred conduct by P to a prosecutor under section 25 (the “relevant conduct”),
the offence by P is—
the suspected offence, or one of the suspected offences, notified to the prosecutor under section 25, or
another offence which the relevant conduct constitutes, and
the criminal enforcement action is taken in connection with that referral (including any prosecution or conviction which follows from that referral).
An ICRIR officer, or another person acting in connection with the exercise of the ICRIR’s functions, may arrest or otherwise detain P in connection with the offence by P.
An ICRIR officer, or another person acting in connection with the exercise of the ICRIR’s functions, may charge P with the offence by P; and a prosecutor may conduct criminal proceedings arising from any such charge.
If subsection (2) becomes applicable to the offence by P, criminal enforcement action against P in respect of the offence may no longer be taken in accordance with subsection (3) or (4).
But that does not limit the criminal enforcement action that may be taken in accordance with subsection (2) after it becomes applicable (and, in particular, action previously taken in accordance with subsection (3) or (4) may be continued in accordance with subsection (2)).
Subsections (2), (3) and (4) only authorise a person to take criminal enforcement action by the exercise of powers which that person has otherwise than by virtue of this section.
This section has effect subject to section 42(4) (pre-commencement criminal enforcement action).
This section applies in relation to a Troubles-related offence unless it is a serious or connected Troubles-related offence.
No criminal enforcement action may be taken against any person in respect of the offence.
This section has effect subject to section 42(4) (pre-commencement criminal enforcement action).
Any legislation or other law is of no effect insofar as it authorises or requires a person to do anything that is prohibited by any of sections 38 to 41.
For the purposes of sections 39 to 41, criminal enforcement action is taken against a person (P) in respect of an offence if—
P is prosecuted for the offence,
criminal proceedings relating to the offence are brought or continued against P, or
P is arrested or otherwise detained in connection with the offence.
Section 38 does not prevent a criminal investigation of a Troubles-related offence being carried out by a person other than the ICRIR if—
a public prosecution of a person for the offence had been begun before the day on which that section comes into force, and
the criminal investigation is carried out for the purposes of that prosecution.
Section 40 or 41 does not prevent criminal enforcement action from being taken against a person (P) in respect of an offence if—
a public prosecution of a person for the offence had been begun before the day on which that section comes into force (whether or not the prosecution was continuing on the day before that section comes into force), and
the criminal enforcement action is taken against P in connection with the prosecution (including any conviction of P arising from that prosecution, whether given before or after that section comes into force).
Subsections (3) and (4) do not prevent provision being made under section 63(5) in connection with the coming into force of section 38, 40 or 41.
In this section—
“public prosecution” means any prosecution other than a private prosecution;
a public prosecution of P for an offence is “begun” when a prosecutor makes the decision to prosecute P for that offence.
A relevant Troubles-related civil action that was brought on or after the day of the First Reading in the House of Commons of the Bill for this Act may not be continued on and after the day on which this section comes into force.
A relevant Troubles-related civil action may not be brought on or after the day on which this section comes into force.
For the purposes of this section an action is a “relevant Troubles-related civil action” if conditions A, B and C are met.
Condition A: the action is to determine a claim arising out of conduct forming part of the Troubles.
Condition B: the action is founded on—
tort or delict,
a cause of action arising under fatal accidents legislation, or
a cause of action arising under the law of any other jurisdiction that corresponds to—
tort or delict, or
a cause of action arising under fatal accidents legislation.
Condition C: the time limit for bringing the action was, or would be (in the absence of this section), given in— (including where a court has permitted the action to be brought outside such a time limit).
the Limitation (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/1339 (N.I. 11)),
the Foreign Limitation Periods (Northern Ireland) Order 1985 (S.I. 1985/754 (N.I. 5)),
the Limitation Act 1980,
the Foreign Limitation Periods Act 1984,
the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973, or
section 190 of the Merchant Shipping Act 1995;
Subsection (1) does not stop a relevant Troubles-related civil action from being continued on and after the day on which this section comes into force, if the court of first instance has given a final judgment on, or otherwise finally determined, the matter in dispute before that day (including by a default judgment or a consent order or, in Scotland, by a decree in absence, decree by default or summary decree).
Where subsection (1) or (2) stops an action from being continued, or brought, on or after the day on which this section comes into force, that subsection—
does not stop costs proceedings from being continued or begun on or after that day; but
otherwise stops the proceedings in the action, and any other related proceedings, from being continued or begun on or after that day.
This section does not apply to a relevant Troubles-related civil action if, or to the extent that, section 47(1) applies to the action (prohibition of civil claims alleging invalidity of interim custody orders).
In this section—
Schedule 9 makes provision for courts to determine whether the prohibitions in this section apply to a civil action.
Schedule 10 makes provision about bringing and continuing relevant Troubles-related civil actions if the 2008 Mediation Directive applies to the matter in dispute by virtue of the EU withdrawal agreement.
After section 16 of the Coroners Act (Northern Ireland) 1959 insert—
Schedule 11 makes provision about investigations and inquests in England and Wales and inquiries and investigations in Scotland.
After section 50 of the Police (Northern Ireland) Act 1998 insert—
In section 28A of the Police Reform Act 2002 (application of complaints and misconduct provisions to matters occurring before 1 April 2004), after subsection (6) insert—
After section 47 of the Police, Public Order and Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2006 insert—
This section applies in relation to the functions conferred by— (which enabled interim custody orders to be made, and which are referred to in this section as the “order-making functions”).
Article 4(1) of the 1972 Order, and
paragraph 11(1) of Schedule 1 to the 1973 Act,
The order-making functions are to be treated as having always been exercisable by authorised Ministers of the Crown (as well as by the Secretary of State).
An interim custody order is not to be regarded as having ever been unlawful just because an authorised Minister of the Crown exercised any of the order-making functions in relation to the order.
The detention of a person under the authority of an interim custody order is not to be regarded as having ever been unlawful just because an authorised Minister of the Crown exercised any of the order-making functions in relation to the order.
Subsections (3) and (4) do not limit the effect of subsection (2).
This section and section 47 apply only in relation to an exercise of any of the order-making functions which was conduct forming part of the Troubles (see, in particular, section 1(2)); and for this purpose any exercise of any of the order-making functions must be assumed to have been conduct forming part of the Troubles unless the contrary is shown.
In this section and section 47—
On or after the commencement day, a civil action may not be continued or brought if, or to the extent that, the claim that is to be determined in the action involves an allegation that—
the person bringing the action, or another person, was detained under the authority of an interim custody order, and
that interim custody order was unlawful because an authorised Minister of the Crown exercised any of the order-making functions in relation to the order.
On or after the commencement day, criminal proceedings relating to the quashing of a conviction may not be continued or brought if, or to the extent that, the grounds for seeking to have the conviction quashed involve an allegation that—
the person bringing the proceedings, or another person, was detained under the authority of an interim custody order, and
that interim custody order was unlawful because an authorised Minister of the Crown exercised any of the order-making functions in relation to the order.
If criminal proceedings relating to the quashing of a conviction are pre-commencement proceedings—
subsection (2) does not apply to the criminal proceedings;
section 46 does not prevent the court from quashing the conviction on the ground that an interim custody order was unlawful because an authorised Minister of the Crown exercised any of the order-making functions.
On or after the commencement day, no compensation for a miscarriage of justice is to be paid in respect of a conviction that has been reversed solely on the ground that an interim custody order was unlawful because an authorised Minister of the Crown exercised any of the order-making functions.
Regulations under section 58(2) which make provision that is consequential on section 46 or this section—
may amend this Act (including this section);
(whether or not they make such amendments) are subject to made affirmative procedure, unless they are instead made in accordance with section 58(5) (the affirmative procedure) or 58(6) (the negative procedure).
In this section—
Schedule 12 makes provision about prisoner release under the Northern Ireland (Sentences) Act 1998.
The designated persons must secure that—
within the initial period—
a study is carried out of Troubles-related oral history records contained in current collections in Northern Ireland, and
the current collections are analysed to identify groups and communities in Northern Ireland that are under-represented in the current collections;
Troubles-related oral history records are created, and are collected and preserved in Northern Ireland, especially oral history records which recount the personal experience of persons in groups and communities in Northern Ireland that are under-represented in current collections;
public engagement with Troubles-related oral history records in Northern Ireland is encouraged and facilitated, including by such records becoming more publicly accessible;
a catalogue of publicly accessible Troubles-related oral history records is—
produced and kept up to date, and
made available on a website which the public can use without charge.
In complying with subsection (1)(b), the designated persons must, in particular, secure that appropriate assistance (including training and resources) is provided to persons with an interest in creating, collecting or preserving Troubles-related oral history records.
In complying with subsection (1)(c), the designated persons must, in particular, secure that events and services intended to encourage and facilitate public engagement with Troubles-related oral history records in Northern Ireland are arranged.
The designated persons may exercise the functions under subsection (1) in relation to oral history records about events and conduct before or after the period of the Troubles; and, if and to the extent that they do so, this section applies to such records as it applies to Troubles-related oral history records.
For the purposes of this section a group or community in Northern Ireland is under-represented in current collections if the oral history records in current collections do not appropriately reflect the prevalence of that group or community in Northern Ireland society during the period of the Troubles.
In this section—
For the purposes of this section it does not matter whether an oral history record is made by, or received from, a person in the United Kingdom, Ireland or elsewhere.
The designated persons must secure that—
a study of relevant memorialisation activities that are being carried out immediately before the specified day (“current memorialisation activities”) is undertaken;
recommendations about the initiation and carrying out of relevant memorialisation activities (“new memorialisation activities”) are made;
a report (a “memorialisation strategy”) which sets out— is produced and published within the initial period;
the findings of the study, and
the recommendations,
a copy of the memorialisation strategy is given to the Secretary of State as soon as practicable after it is produced.
A “relevant memorialisation activity” is an activity that is carried out in Northern Ireland for the purpose of marking, commemorating, or providing information or education about— (whether or not it also relates to any other events and conduct that formed part of the Troubles or any other events and conduct before or after the Troubles).
events and conduct that formed part of the Troubles and occurred in Northern Ireland, or
events and conduct before or after the Troubles that occurred in Northern Ireland,
It is for the designated persons to decide whether, and to what extent, the study and recommendations should cover relevant memorialisation activities that relate to events and conduct before or after the Troubles.
The process by which the study is carried out and the recommendations are made must provide for consideration to be given to the following matters—
how relevant memorialisation activities currently, or will in the future, promote reconciliation in Northern Ireland;
how relevant memorialisation activities currently are, or will in the future be, relevant to people living in Northern Ireland;
appropriate non-UK memorialisation activities.
In particular, consideration must be given to whether the establishment of a new museum, memorial or similar project should be recommended.
The process by which the study is carried out and the recommendations are made must enable the public and other interested persons to contribute to the process.
In particular, the process must include opportunities for the public and other interested persons—
to suggest current memorialisation activities that should form part of the study;
to comment on current memorialisation activities;
to suggest new memorialisation activities.
In this section “appropriate non-UK memorialisation activity” means an activity—
which is undertaken outside the United Kingdom to mark, commemorate, or provide information or education about past events or conduct, and
which appears to the designated persons to be appropriate to consider in carrying out the study and making the recommendations.
The Secretary of State must—
consider, and decide a response to, each of the recommendations made in the memorialisation strategy;
produce and publish a document which sets out the response to each of the recommendations, including (as appropriate)—
the action the Secretary of State proposes to take in response, or
the Secretary of State’s reasons for not taking any action in response.
The Secretary of State must—
comply with that requirement before the end of the period of one year beginning with the day on which the copy of the strategy is given in accordance with section 50(1)(d),
consult relevant organisations in the course of considering each recommendation, and
consult such Northern Ireland departments as the Secretary of State considers appropriate on the proposed action, or reasons for not taking action, before deciding a response to each recommendation.
In this section “recommendations” means recommendations about the initiation and carrying out of new memorialisation activities.
The designated persons must secure that—
terms of reference are set for academic research into the Troubles;
academic research is carried out in accordance with those terms of reference;
the terms of reference are set within the initial period;
the researchers produce a report on the outcome of the academic research (the “academic report”);
the academic report is published and a copy of it is given to the Secretary of State before the end of the seventh year of the period of operation of the ICRIR.
The designated persons must use their best endeavours to make arrangements under which one of the UKRI’s Councils is to undertake, or participate in, activities which enable, or assist, the designated persons to comply with the duties imposed by subsection (1)(a) to (d).
The researchers must carry out their work—
independently of the influence of any other persons, and
otherwise in such ways as will secure the confidence of the people of Northern Ireland in them and their work.
The terms of reference may—
provide for academic research to be carried out into events and conduct before or after the Troubles, and
make provision about criteria for identifying the kinds of events and conduct before or after the Troubles into which the academic research is to be carried out.
The terms of reference must require the researchers to take account of ICRIR reports in carrying out the academic research.
The terms of reference—
must require the academic research to include the production of an analysis of patterns and themes emerging from the relevant events and conduct into which the academic research is carried out, including (in particular) an analysis of women’s and girls’ experience of those events, and
may include provision about criteria for identifying the kinds of relevant events and conduct that the researchers are to take into account for the purposes of producing that analysis.
The terms of reference must require the researchers to carry out a statistical analysis of—
all ICRIR reports relating to a death, and
the historical record.
That analysis must, in particular, set out, to the extent possible from the ICRIR reports and historical record—
the number of deaths (resulting from conduct forming part of the Troubles) recorded in those reports and that record,
an overview of the biographical attributes of the deceased (including by age range and community background), and
an overview of the circumstances of the deaths (including when and where they occurred, and the involvement of any body or proscribed organisation).
In this section—
The designated persons must—
produce, for each reporting period, a report on the progress made in carrying out the Troubles-related work programme during the reporting period concerned (an “annual report”);
publish each annual report as soon as practicable after it is produced;
give a copy of each annual report to the Secretary of State at least two weeks before the report is published.
In this section “reporting period” means—
the initial period, and
each subsequent period of one year beginning immediately after the end of a reporting period.
When carrying out the Troubles-related work programme, the designated persons must have regard to the need to ensure that—
there is support from different communities in Northern Ireland for the way in which that programme is carried out,
a variety of views of the Troubles is taken into account in carrying out that programme, and
that programme is carried out in a way that promotes—
reconciliation,
anti-sectarianism, and
non-recurrence of political and sectarian hostility between people in Northern Ireland.
When carrying out the Troubles-related work programme, the designated persons must have regard to the views given to them by any advisory forum (see section 55) in accordance with the arrangements under which it is established.
The designated persons may make arrangements about the way in which each of them will exercise its functions to secure that the Troubles-related work programme is carried out (“operational arrangements”).
The designated persons must publish any current operational arrangements as soon as practicable after they are made or amended (or after the specified day, in the case of any operational arrangements made before that day and not already published).
The designated persons must use their best endeavours to establish an advisory forum consisting of other persons.
In establishing an advisory forum, the designated persons must have regard to—
the need to ensure that the membership of the advisory forum includes persons who represent the views of victims and survivors of events and conduct forming part of the Troubles (whether or not they also represent the views of other persons);
the need to ensure that the membership of the advisory forum is balanced as respects those members who are associated with the different communities in Northern Ireland.
The duties imposed on the designated persons by subsections (1) and (2) do not apply if—
those persons have taken the actions required by those duties before the specified day, and
an advisory forum established by those persons in compliance with those duties is in existence immediately before the specified day.
The designated persons must publish any current arrangements under which any advisory forum is established (including publishing the membership of the forum) as soon as practicable after the arrangements are made or amended (or after the specified day, in the case of any arrangements made before that day and not already published).
The Secretary of State may, by regulations, designate a person for the purposes of this Part if the Secretary of State is satisfied that the person would make a significant contribution to the performance of the functions which are imposed by sections 49, 50 and 52.
When deciding whether to designate a person, the Secretary of State must—
have regard to whether the person is supported by different communities in Northern Ireland and will act independently of the influence of any other persons; and
consult relevant organisations about the proposed designation.
Regulations under this section may provide—
that a power of direction is not to be exercised to give a designated person, a member or officer of that person, or any staff assisting that person, a direction relating to functions under this Part;
for the staff assisting a designated person to assist in the exercise of the person’s functions under this Part;
that a designated person is required to perform only a particular function or an aspect of a function.
Regulations under this section are subject to negative procedure.
The Secretary of State may make payments or provide other resources to, or in respect of, the designated persons in connection with the exercise of functions under this Part.
In this Part—
the Director of Public Prosecutions (for England and Wales), or
The ICRIR may do anything that it thinks necessary or expedient in connection with the exercise of its functions. In particular, the ICRIR may— But the ICRIR may not borrow money. The ICRIR may make payments of, or payments towards the provision of, any remuneration, pensions, allowances, gratuities or compensation payable to, or in respect of—
The ICRIR may have a seal. The application of the ICRIR’s seal must be authenticated by the signature of at least one of the Commissioners This paragraph does not prevent the ICRIR from acting otherwise than by a document under seal. A document purporting to be duly executed under the seal of the ICRIR must be received in evidence and treated as so executed unless the contrary is shown. A document purporting to be signed on behalf of the ICRIR by— must be received in evidence and treated as so signed unless the contrary is shown.
The Commissioners are to be appointed by the Secretary of State. In exercising the power to appoint Commissioners, the Secretary of State must ensure that (as far as it is practicable) the Commissioners include one or more persons who have experience gained outside the United Kingdom that is relevant to the work of the ICRIR. A person may not be appointed as a Commissioner if— A person may not be appointed as the Chief Commissioner unless— A person’s current or previous appointment as a Commissioner does not prevent the person from being appointed again as a Commissioner. But a person who has been removed from office in accordance with paragraph 12(2) and (3) may not be appointed as a Commissioner. A reference in this paragraph to a person being insolvent, or to being disqualified from being a company director, has the same meaning as in paragraph 12 (see paragraph 12(4) or (5)). The following Orders apply to the Commissioners as they apply to constables— For the purposes of this paragraph—
The Secretary of State may require— to provide the Secretary of State with information about any relevant matter. In this paragraph “relevant matter” means any matter which might reasonably be expected to—
A person who holds a relevant office may not become an ICRIR officer. A person ceases to be an ICRIR officer if the person begins to hold a relevant office. For the meaning of references in this paragraph to holding a relevant office, see paragraph 9(3). This paragraph does not apply to the Commissioner for Investigations (instead see paragraph 9).
An ICRIR officer is not to be regarded as in police service for the purposes of— This paragraph does not apply to the Commissioner for Investigations (instead see paragraph 15).
The Northern Ireland Act 1998 is amended in accordance with this paragraph. In section 75(3) (statutory equality duty on public authorities), after paragraph (b) insert—. In section 76(7) (discrimination by public authorities), after paragraph (c) insert—.
Section 31 of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 is amended in accordance with this paragraph. After subsection (1) insert— In subsection (5), after “forces” insert “and to the ICRIR”. After subsection (6) insert—
The Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/602) is amended as follows. In article 3 (agreements to investigate serious incidents), after paragraph (17) insert— In article 4 (investigation of crimes and deaths), after sub-paragraph (h) insert—
Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Act 2023 section 26 revocation of immunity under that Act making of false statements
severe psychiatric damage;
F was the “co-habitee” of D on the day of D’s death if—
on that day F was living in the same household as D in a relationship with D corresponding to marriage or to civil partnership, and
F had been doing so for a period of at least two years ending with that day.
F is the “step-brother” or “step-sister” of D if F is a child of a person—
who was the spouse, civil partner or co-habitee of a parent of D on day of D’s death, or
who had ceased to be the spouse, partner or co-habitee of a parent of D on any day within the period of two years ending with the day of D’s death.
The recipient of a penalty notice (the “recipient”) may object to the penalty notice by giving a notice of objection to the ICRIR. A notice of objection must— Where the ICRIR receives a notice of objection, the ICRIR must consider it and— After deciding how to proceed under sub-paragraph (3), the ICRIR must notify the recipient of the decision in writing. A notification under sub-paragraph (4) must be given before the end of the period of 70 days beginning with the date specified in the penalty notice as the date on which it is given, or such longer period as the ICRIR may agree with the recipient. A notification under sub-paragraph (4), other than one notifying the recipient that the ICRIR has decided to cancel the penalty, must—
The ICRIR may give a notice to any person by— A person’s proper address for the purposes of sub-paragraph (1) is—
A person is guilty of an offence if the person— a document that is, and that the person knows or believes to be, a relevant document. For that purpose a document is a “relevant document” if it is likely that the Commissioner for Investigations would (if aware of its existence) wish to be provided with it.
A grant of immunity for an identified possible offence is prohibited if— For the purposes of this paragraph—
This paragraph applies if a relevant authority is proposing to make any information available to the ICRIR (whether in accordance with section 5 or otherwise). The relevant authority must identify any of the information which, in the relevant authority’s opinion, is— When making the information available to the ICRIR, the relevant authority must notify the Commissioner for Investigations of any of the information which the relevant authority has identified in accordance with this paragraph.
Section 3 of the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985 (functions of the Director of Public Prosecutions) is amended in accordance with this paragraph. In subsection (2)— In subsection (3), after the definition of “the court” insert—.
The Independent Commission for Reconciliation and Information Recovery.
Article 4 of the Police, Public Order and Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2006 (Consequential Provisions and Modifications) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/1098) (agreements to establish complaints procedures) is amended as follows. After paragraph (4) insert— In paragraph (7), after sub-paragraph (d) insert—. In paragraph (14), after sub-paragraph (b) insert—
In Schedule 18 to the Data Protection Act 2018, in paragraph 3 (records relating to a caution or conviction whose production must not be required in connection with employment etc), in sub-paragraph (2), after paragraph (f) insert—.
After section 27C of the Limitation Act 1980 insert—
After Article 73 of the Limitation (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/1339 (N.I. 11)) insert—
“Events and conduct before or after the Troubles” means the events and conduct that related to Northern Ireland affairs and occurred—
before 1 January 1966, or
after 10 April 1998.
That includes events and conduct at those times which were connected with— other events and conduct relating to Northern Ireland affairs.
preventing,
investigating, or
otherwise dealing with the consequences of,
For the purposes of this section it does not matter if an event or conduct occurred in Northern Ireland, in another part of the United Kingdom, or elsewhere.
Section 1 includes provision about the meaning of “conduct” and “Northern Ireland affairs”.
Where this Part requires one or more persons to publish a document, it is for the person or persons to decide the manner in which the document is to be published.
Schedule 13 amends existing legislation.
A national authority may by regulations make provision that is consequential on this Act.
In this Act “national authority” means—
the Secretary of State,
the Department of Justice in Northern Ireland, or
the Scottish Ministers.
Regulations under subsection (2) may, in particular, amend legislation (whenever passed or made).
Regulations made under subsection (2) are subject to affirmative procedure if they contain any amendment of primary legislation.
Any other regulations made under subsection (2) are subject to negative procedure.
The power of the Department of Justice in Northern Ireland or the Scottish Ministers to make regulations under subsection (2) is subject to section 59(10) or (11).
The Secretary of State may by regulations—
replace a reference in provision made by this Act to the commencement of a provision of this Act with a reference to the actual date on which the provision comes into force;
replace a reference in provision made by this Act to a date determined by reference to the commencement of a provision of this Act with a reference to the actual date so determined;
replace a reference in provision made by this Act to the day of the First Reading in the House of Commons of the Bill for this Act with a reference to the actual date of the First Reading;
in Part 4—
replace a reference to the specified day with a reference to the actual date of the specified day and repeal the definition of “specified day”, or
amend the definition of “specified day” so that it sets out the actual date of the specified day.
Regulations made under this Act by the Secretary of State are to be made by statutory instrument.
Regulations made under this Act by the Department of Justice in Northern Ireland are to be made by statutory rule for the purposes of the Statutory Rules (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 (S.I. 1979/1573 (N.I. 12)).
Where regulations under this Act are “subject to affirmative procedure” they are to be made in accordance with the procedure set out in this table that is applicable (which depends on who makes the regulations)— Person(s) making the regulations Procedure applicable The Secretary of State The regulations may not be made unless a draft of the statutory instrument containing them has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament The Department of Justice in Northern Ireland The regulations may not be made unless a draft of them has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, the Northern Ireland Assembly The Scottish Ministers The regulations are subject to the affirmative procedure (see section 29 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010 (asp 10))
Where regulations under this Act are “subject to negative procedure” they are to be made in accordance with the procedure set out in this table that is applicable (which depends on who makes the regulations)— Person(s) making the regulations Procedure applicable The Secretary of State The statutory instrument containing the regulations is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House of Parliament The Department of Justice in Northern Ireland The regulations are subject to negative resolution (within the meaning of section 41(6) of the Interpretation Act (Northern Ireland) 1954) The Scottish Ministers The regulations are subject to the negative procedure (see section 28 of the Interpretation and Legislative Reform (Scotland) Act 2010
Where regulations under this Act are subject to made affirmative procedure, the statutory instrument containing them must be laid before Parliament after being made.
Regulations contained in a statutory instrument laid before Parliament under subsection (5) cease to have effect at the end of the period of 28 days beginning with the day on which the instrument is made unless, during that period, the instrument is approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.
In calculating the period of 28 days, no account is to be taken of any whole days that fall within a period during which—
Parliament is dissolved or prorogued, or
either House of Parliament is adjourned for more than four days.
If regulations cease to have effect as a result of subsection (6), that does not—
affect the validity of anything previously done under the regulations, or
prevent the making of new regulations.
Regulations under this Act may make—
different provision for different purposes or cases;
incidental, supplementary or consequential provision;
transitional or transitory provision or savings.
Regulations made by the Department of Justice in Northern Ireland under this Act may only make— and the regulations may not make reserved provision without the consent of the Secretary of State.
transferred provision, or
reserved provision;
Regulations made by the Scottish Ministers under this Act may only make provision that would be within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament if it were contained in an Act of the Scottish Parliament.
In this Act, each expression set out in an entry in the first column of the following table is to be read in accordance with the corresponding entry in the second column— Expression Interpretation Chief Commissioner The Commissioner appointed under section 2(3)(a). chief officer This means— the chief constable of a police force maintained under section 2 of the Police Act 1996 (police forces in England and Wales outside London); the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis; the Commissioner of Police for the City of London; the chief constable of the Police Service of Scotland; the chief constable of the Ministry of Defence Police; the chief constable of the British Transport Police. Commissioner for Investigations The Commissioner appointed under section 2(3)(b). Commissioners The members of the ICRIR appointed under section 2(3)(a), (b) and (c). conduct This has the meaning given in section 1. conduct forming part of the Troubles This has the meaning given in section 1. connected Troubles-related offence This has the meaning given in section 1. event forming part of the Troubles This has the meaning given in section 1. excepted matter This has the meaning given by section 4(1) ofthe Northern Ireland Act 1998. final report A report under section 15 on the findings of a review of a death or a review of other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles. financial year This has the meaning given in section 2(14). GCHQ This has the same meaning as in the Intelligence Services Act 1994. His Majesty’s forces This has the same meaning as in the Armed Forces Act 2006 (see section 374 of that Act). historical record This has the meaning given in section 2(5)(f). the ICRIR The Independent Commission for Reconciliation and Information Recovery. ICRIR contractor A person providing, or being employed in the provision of, goods or services for the purposes of the ICRIR. ICRIR officers This has the meaning given in section 3(4). immunity function The function of determining whether to grant persons immunity from prosecution conferred by section 2(5)(d). immunity requests panel The panel formed in accordance with section 22. inspector of constabulary for Northern Ireland An inspector of constabulary for NorthernIreland (appointed under section 41 of thePolice (Northern Ireland) Act 1998). legislation Primary legislation and subordinate legislation. national authority This means has the meaning given in section 58(3) Northern Ireland affairs This has the meaning given in section 1. other harmful conduct forming part of the Troubles This has the meaning given in section 1. period of operation of the ICRIR The period beginning with the day on which section 2(5) comes into force. police force in Great Britain This means— a police force maintained under section 2 of the Police Act 1996 (police forces in England and Wales outside London); the metropolitan police force; the City of London police force; the Police Service of Scotland; the Ministry of Defence Police; the British Transport Police. prejudicial information Information which, if disclosed generally, would risk putting, or would put, the life or safety of any person at risk. primary legislation This means— Northern Ireland legislation (which has the meaning given in section 24(5) of the Interpretation Act 1978); an Act of Parliament; an Act of the Scottish Parliament; a Measure or Act of Senedd Cymru. protected international information Information which— was supplied to any person by, or by an agency of, the government of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom, and if disclosed generally might, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, damage international relations. PSNI The Police Service of Northern Ireland. relevant authority This means— the Chief Constable of the PSNI; the chief officer of a police force in Great Britain; the Police Ombudsman for Northern Ireland; the Director General of the Independent Office for Police Conduct; the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner; any Minister of the Crown (which has the same meaning as in the Ministers of the Crown Act 1975 — see section 8 of that Act); the Security Service; the Secret Intelligence Service; GCHQ; any other department of the United Kingdom government (including a non-ministerial department); a Northern Ireland department; the Scottish Ministers; any of His Majesty’s forces. request for a review A request for a review under section 9 or 10. reserved matter This has the meaning given by section 4(1) ofthe Northern Ireland Act 1998. reserved provision Provision which (if contained in a Bill for an Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly) would result in the Bill requiring the consent of the Secretary of State under section 8(b) of the Northern Ireland Act 1998. review function The function of carrying out reviews conferred by section 2(5)(a) and (b). sensitive information This means information of the following kinds. Information which, if disclosed generally, would risk prejudicing, or would prejudice, the national security interests of the United Kingdom. Information which has been supplied (whether to the person currently holding the information or to some other person) by— the Security Service, the Secret Intelligence Service, GCHQ, or any part of the following bodies which engages in intelligence activities— His Majesty’s forces; the Ministry of Defence; the PSNI; a police force in Great Britain. serious physical or mental harm This has the meaning given in section 1. serious Troubles-related offence This has the meaning given in section 1. subject to affirmative procedure This has the meaning given in section 59(3). subject to negative procedure This has the meaning given in section 59(4). subordinate legislation An instrument made under primary legislation transferred matter This has the meaning given by section 4(1) of the Northern Ireland Act 1998. transferred provision This means provision which— would be within the legislative competence of the Assembly if it were contained in an Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and would deal with a transferred matter without being ancillary to other provision (whether in the Act or previously enacted) which deals with an excepted matter or reserved matter. Here— “ancillary” has the meaning given insection 6(3) of the Northern Ireland Act 1998; a reference to provision dealingwith a matter is to be read in accordance withsection 98(2) of the Northern Ireland Act 1998. the Troubles This has the meaning given in section 1. Troubles-related offence This has the meaning given in section 1.
A reference in this Act to the day on which a provision of this Act comes into force is, in a case where that provision comes into force at different times for different purposes, a reference to the day on which that provision comes into force for all purposes.
This Act binds the Crown.
This Act extends to Northern Ireland, England and Wales, and Scotland.
But that is subject to subsections (3) to (6).
An amendment or repeal has the same extent as the provision amended or repealed.
Sections 46 and 47 extend to Northern Ireland only.
Paragraph 2(2) of Schedule 11 extends to England and Wales only.
Part 4 extends to Northern Ireland only.
The following provisions come into force on the day on which this Act is passed—
Part 1;
section 47(5);
this Part, except section 58(1) and Schedule 13.
The following provisions come into force at the end of the period of two months beginning with the day on which this Act is passed—
sections 43, 46 and 47 (except for subsection (5))
Part 2 of Schedule 13, and section 58(1) so far as it relates to that Part of that Schedule.
Part 3, except for sections 43, 46 and 47, comes into force on 1 May 2024.
Otherwise, this Act comes into force on such day or days as the Secretary of State may by regulations appoint.
A national authority may by regulations make transitory, transitional or saving provision in connection with the coming into force of any provision of this Act.
This Act may be cited as the Northern Ireland Troubles (Legacy and Reconciliation) Act 2023.