Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 3 July 2025.#Criminal proceedings against P.B. and R.S.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Wojskowy Sąd Okręgowy w Warszawie.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Independence of the judiciary – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Effective judicial protection in areas covered by EU law – Principle of irremovability of judges – Military judge found unfit for professional military service – National legislation requiring the early retirement of that judge.#Joined Cases C-646/23 and C-661/23.