Judgment of the Court (Seventh Chamber) of 6 March 2025.#European Commission v Republic of Croatia.#Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations – Article 260(2) TFEU – Waste treatment – Directive 2008/98/EC – Stone aggregate deposited in the Biljane Donje (Croatia) landfill site – Article 5(1) – Concept of ‘by-product’ – Article 13 – Obligation of Member States to ensure the protection of human health and of the environment – Article 15(1) – Obligation to have waste treated by the holder or by other designated persons – Judgment of the Court establishing a failure to fulfil obligations – Failure to comply – Financial penalties – Lump sum payment – Penalty payment.#Case C-315/23.