Case C-346/23, Banco de Santander (Representation of individual consumers): Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 16 January 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal Supremo – Spain) – Banco Santander SA, successor to Banco Banif SA v Asociación de Consumidores y Usuarios de Servicios Generales – Auge, on behalf of its members Andrea y Alberto (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Markets in financial instruments – Directive 2004/39/EC – Article 52(2) – Action brought in the interests of consumers – Consumer organisations having a legitimate interest in protecting consumers – Standing to bring legal proceedings to defend the individual interests of their members – Loss of standing in the case of investments in high-value financial products – Exemption from court fees and from the obligation to pay the costs incurred by the opposing party – Procedural autonomy – Principle of effectiveness)