Case C-233/23, Alphabet and Others: Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 25 February 2025 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Consiglio di Stato – Italy) – Alphabet Inc. and Others v Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del Mercato (Reference for a preliminary ruling – Competition – Dominant position – Article 102 TFEU – Digital markets – Digital platform – Refusal of an undertaking in a dominant position which has developed a digital platform to allow access to that platform by a third-party undertaking which has developed an app, by ensuring that platform is interoperable with that app – Assessment of whether access to a digital platform is indispensable – Effects of the conduct at issue – Objective justification – Need for the undertaking in a dominant position to develop a template for a category of apps in order to allow access – Definition of the relevant downstream market)