Judgment of the Court (Ninth Chamber) of 17 May 2023.#SA Cezam v État belge.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Tribunal de première instance du Luxembourg.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Directive 2006/112/EC – Value added tax (VAT) – Obligations to declare and pay VAT – Article 273 – Penalties laid down for the failure of a taxable person to comply with the obligations – Principles of proportionality and neutrality of VAT – Right to deduct VAT – Compatibility of penalties.#Case C-418/22.