Judgment of the Court (Eighth Chamber) of 16 November 2023.#DZ and Others v Ministerstvo vnútra Slovenskej republiky.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Okresný súd Prešov.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Carriage by air – Montreal Convention – Article 1(1) and (2) – Scope – Concept of ‘international carriage’ – Article 2(1) – Concept of ‘Carriage performed by the State’ – Article 17(1) – Liability of air carriers in the event of death or bodily injury of a passenger – Air carrier and aircraft operator insurance – Regulation (EC) No 785/2004 – Article 1(1) and Article 2(1) and (2)(a) – Scope – Concept of ‘State aircraft’ – Article 4(1) – Minimum insurance requirements for air carriers and aircraft operators – Crash of a helicopter operated by the public administration of a Member State during a specialised evacuation and rescue training exercise – Death of an officer of the firefighting and rescue unit participating in that exercise