Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 16 January 2024.#WS v Intervyuirasht organ na Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite pri Ministerskia savet.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Common asylum policy – Directive 2011/95/EU – Qualification for refugee status – Article 2(d) – Reasons for persecution – ‘Membership of a particular social group’ – Article 10(1)(d) – Acts of persecution – Article 9(1) and (2) – Link between the reasons for and acts of persecution or between the reasons for persecution and the absence of protection against such acts – Article 9(3) – Non-State actors – Article 6(c) – Qualification for subsidiary protection – Article 2(f) – ‘Serious harm’ – Article 15(a) and (b) – Assessment of applications for international protection for the purpose of granting refugee status or subsidiary protection status – Article 4 – Gender-based violence against women – Domestic violence – Threat of ‘honour killing’.#Case C-621/21.