Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 23 March 2023.#Criminal proceedings against MR.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Oberlandesgericht Bamberg.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement – Article 54 – Principle ne bis in idem – Article 55(1)(b) – Exception to the application of the principle ne bis in idem – Offence against the security or other essential interests of the Member State – Article 50 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Principle ne bis in idem – Article 52(1) – Limitations to the principle ne bis in idem – Compatibility of a national declaration providing for an exception to the principle ne bis in idem – Criminal organisation – Financial crime.#Case C-365/21.