Joined Cases C-438/21 P to C-440/21 P: Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 16 March 2023 — European Commission v Pharmaceutical Works Polpharma S.A., European Medicines Agency, Biogen Netherlands BV (C-438/21 P), Biogen Netherlands BV v Pharmaceutical Works Polpharma S.A., European Medicines Agency, European Commission (C-439/21 P), European Medicines Agency v Pharmaceutical Works Polpharma S.A, European Commission, Biogen Netherlands BV (C-440/21 P) (Appeal — Public health — Medicinal products for human use — Directive 2001/83/EC — Regulation (EC) No 726/2004 — Application for marketing authorisation for a generic version of the medicinal product Tecfidera — Decision of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) not to validate the application for marketing authorisation — Earlier European Commission decision taking the view that Tecfidera was not covered by the same global marketing authorisation as Fumaderm — Previously authorised combination medicinal product — Subsequent marketing authorisation for a component of the combination medicinal product — Assessment of the existence of a global marketing authorisation)