Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 17 December 2020.#L and P.#References for a preliminary ruling – Urgent preliminary ruling procedure – Police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters – European arrest warrant – Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA – Article 1(3) – Article 6(1) – Surrender procedures between Member States – Conditions for execution – Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Second paragraph of Article 47 – Right of access to an independent and impartial tribunal – Systemic or generalised deficiencies – Concept of ‘issuing judicial authority’ – Taking into consideration developments after the issue of the European arrest warrant concerned – Obligation on the executing judicial authority to verify specifically and precisely whether there are substantial grounds for believing that the person concerned will run a real risk of breach of his or her right to a fair trial in the event of surrender.#Case C-354/20 PPU and C-412/20 PPU.