Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 11 November 2021.#Bank Sepah v Overseas Financial Limited and Oaktree Finance Limited.#Request for a preliminary ruling from the Cour de cassation.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Common foreign and security policy (CFSP) – Restrictive measures against the Islamic Republic of Iran – Regulation (EC) No 423/2007 – Freezing of funds of persons, entities or bodies recognised by the Council of the European Union as being engaged in nuclear proliferation – Concepts of ‘freezing of funds’ and ‘freezing of economic resources’ – Possibility of applying a protective measure in respect of frozen funds and economic resources – Claim pre-dating the freezing of assets and unrelated to Iran’s nuclear and ballistic programme.#Case C-340/20.