Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 3 September 2020.#Criminal proceedings against XN and Others.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden.#Reference for a preliminary ruling – Waste – Shipments – Regulation (EC) No 1013/2006 – Waste subject to the prior written notification and consent procedure – Article 1(3) – Shipments subject to approval requirements – Directive 2008/98/EC – Article 5(1) – Concept of ‘by-products’ – Regulation (EC) No 1069/2009 – Article 3, point 1 – Concept of ‘animal by-products’ – Shipments of a mixture of animal by-products and other material.#Joined Cases C-21/19 to C-23/19.