Case C-873/19: Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 November 2022 (request for a preliminary ruling from the Schleswig-Holsteinisches Verwaltungsgericht — Germany) — Deutsche Umwelthilfe eV v Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Reference for a preliminary ruling — Environment — Aarhus Convention — Access to justice — Article 9(3) — Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Article 47, first paragraph — Right to effective judicial protection — Environmental association — Standing of such an association to bring an action before a national court against EC type-approval granted to certain vehicles — Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 — Article 5(2)(a) — Motor vehicles — Diesel engine — Pollutant emissions — Valve for exhaust gas recirculation (EGR valve) — Reduction of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions limited by a ‘temperature window’ — Defeat device — Authorisation of such a device where the need is justified in terms of protecting the engine against damage or accident and for safe operation of the vehicle — State of the art)