Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 November 2019.#Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen (NMBS) v Mbutuku Kanyeba and Others.#Requests for a preliminary ruling from the Vredegerecht te Antwerpen.#References for a preliminary ruling — Rail transport — Passengers’ rights and obligations — Regulation (EC) No 1371/2007 — Article 3(8) — Transport contract — Concept — Passenger without a ticket at the time of boarding a train — Unfair terms in consumer contracts — Directive 93/13/EEC — Article 1(2) and Article 6(1) — General conditions of carriage of a railway undertaking — Mandatory statutory or regulatory provisions — Penalty clause — Powers of the national court.#Joined Cases C-349/18 to C-351/18.