Case C-718/18: Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 2 September 2021 — European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany (Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations — Internal markets for electricity and natural gas — Directive 2009/72/EC — Article 2(21) — Article 19(3), (5) and (8) — Article 37(1)(a) and (6)(a) and (b) — Directive 2009/73/EC — Article 2(20) — Article 19(3), (5) and (8) — Article 41(1)(a) and (6)(a) and (b) — Concept of a ‘vertically integrated undertaking’ — Effective unbundling of networks from the activities of production and supply of electricity and natural gas — Independent transmission operator — Independence of the staff and the management of the transmission system operator — Transitional periods — Shares held in the capital of the vertically integrated undertaking — National regulatory authorities — Independence — Exclusive powers — Article 45 TFEU — Freedom of movement for workers — Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Article 15 — Right to engage in work and to pursue an occupation — Article 17 — Right to property — Article 52(1) — Restrictions — Principle of democracy)