ABBASI v. CYPRUS

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<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" eId="section-1"><num>1</num><heading>Obstructing or hindering certain emergency workers responding to emergency circumstances</heading><subsection eId="section-1-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>A person who without reasonable excuse obstructs or hinders another while that other person is, in a capacity mentioned in subsection (2) below, responding to emergency circumstances, commits an offence.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-2"><num>(2)</num><intro><p>The capacity referred to in subsection (1) above is—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>that of a person employed by a fire and rescue authority in England and Wales;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-aa"><num><ins class="first" ukl:ChangeId="key-70791e99f901bb1138227da59d9c32ef-1476380761352" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-70791e99f901bb1138227da59d9c32ef"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-70791e99f901bb1138227da59d9c32ef" class="commentary"/>(aa)</ins></num><content><p><ins class="last" ukl:ChangeId="key-70791e99f901bb1138227da59d9c32ef-1476380761352" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-70791e99f901bb1138227da59d9c32ef">that of a Ministry of Defence fire-fighter (as defined in section 16 of the Armed Forces Act 2016);</ins></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-b"><num>(b)</num><intro><p>in relation to England and Wales, that of a person (other than a person falling within paragraph (a) <ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="key-ea50d25d7417feb02037d62d45a863f5-1476380787522" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-ea50d25d7417feb02037d62d45a863f5"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-ea50d25d7417feb02037d62d45a863f5" class="commentary"/>or (aa)</ins>) whose duties as an employee or as a servant of the Crown involve—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-1-2-b-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>extinguishing fires; or</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-1-2-b-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>protecting life and property in the event of a fire;</p></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-c"><num>(c)</num><content><p>that of a person employed by a relevant <abbr class="acronym" title="National Health Service">NHS</abbr> body in the provision of ambulance services (including air ambulance services), or of a person providing such services pursuant to arrangements made by, or at the request of, a relevant <abbr class="acronym" title="National Health Service">NHS</abbr> body;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-d"><num>(d)</num><content><p>that of a person providing services for the transport of organs, blood, equipment or personnel pursuant to arrangements made by, or at the request of, a relevant <abbr class="acronym" title="National Health Service">NHS</abbr> body;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-e"><num>(e)</num><content><p>that of a member of Her Majesty's Coastguard;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-2-f"><num>(f)</num><intro><p>that of a member of the crew of a vessel operated by—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-1-2-f-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>the Royal National Lifeboat Institution, or</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-1-2-f-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>any other person or organisation operating a vessel for the purpose of providing a rescue service,</p></content></level><wrapUp><p>or a person who musters the crew of such a vessel or attends to its launch or recovery.</p></wrapUp></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-3"><num>(3)</num><intro><p>For the purposes of this section and section 2 of this Act, a person is responding to emergency circumstances if the person—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>is going anywhere for the purpose of dealing with emergency circumstances occurring there; or</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-3-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>is dealing with emergency circumstances or preparing to do so.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-4"><num>(4)</num><intro><p>For the purposes of this Act, circumstances are “emergency” circumstances if they are present or imminent and—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-4-a"><num>(a)</num><intro><p>are causing or are likely to cause—</p></intro><level class="para2" eId="section-1-4-a-i"><num>(i)</num><content><p>serious injury to or the serious illness (including mental illness) of a person;</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-1-4-a-ii"><num>(ii)</num><content><p>serious harm to the environment (including the life and health of plants and animals);</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-1-4-a-iii"><num>(iii)</num><content><p>serious harm to any building or other property; or</p></content></level><level class="para2" eId="section-1-4-a-iv"><num>(iv)</num><content><p>a worsening of any such injury, illness or harm; or</p></content></level></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-4-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>are likely to cause the death of a person.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-5"><num>(5)</num><intro><p>In subsection (2) above “<term refersTo="#term-relevant-nhs-body" eId="term-relevant-nhs-body">relevant <abbr class="acronym" title="National Health Service">NHS</abbr> body</term>” means—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>in relation to England and Wales,<ins class="first" ukl:ChangeId="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742" class="commentary"/>the Secretary of State in the exercise of public health functions, a local authority in the exercise of public health functions, </ins><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742"><ins class="substitution first last" ukl:ChangeId="key-5291b592dab3d90ec41ade53747d9e9f-1666864129287" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-5291b592dab3d90ec41ade53747d9e9f"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-5291b592dab3d90ec41ade53747d9e9f" class="commentary"/>NHS England</ins></ins><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742">, </ins><ins class="last" ukl:ChangeId="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-be5c018cec009cdf71a8fafd70634742"><ins class="substitution first last" ukl:ChangeId="key-1d6c0e0d64e813564861ada345fc353d-1666864168921" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-1d6c0e0d64e813564861ada345fc353d"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-1d6c0e0d64e813564861ada345fc353d" class="commentary"/>an integrated care board,</ins></ins> an <abbr class="acronym" title="National Health Service">NHS</abbr> foundation trust, National Health Service trust, Special Health Authority<noteRef href="#key-136d0ec667e9e1308a28bdf5ee96f32e" uk:name="commentary" ukl:Name="CommentaryRef" class="commentary"/>... or Local Health Board;</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-5-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>in relation to Northern Ireland, a <ins class="first last" ukl:ChangeId="key-fc2d116e37e6986b6595b0fd4d217762" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-fc2d116e37e6986b6595b0fd4d217762"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-fc2d116e37e6986b6595b0fd4d217762" class="commentary"/>Health and Social Care trust</ins>.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-1-6"><num><ins class="first" ukl:ChangeId="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169" class="commentary"/>(6)</ins></num><intro><p><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169">In subsection (5)(a) above “public health functions”—</ins></p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-a"><num><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169">(a)</ins></num><content><p><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169">in relation to the Secretary of State, has the same meaning as in section 1H(5)(a) of the National Health Service Act 2006;</ins></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-1-6-b"><num><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169">(b)</ins></num><content><p><ins class="last" ukl:ChangeId="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169-1" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-62badf2dd2159a1a21fef71071030169">in relation to a local authority, has the same meaning as in section 1H(5)(b) of that Act.</ins></p></content></level></subsection></section>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-2"><num>2</num><heading>Obstructing or hindering persons assisting emergency workers</heading><subsection eId="section-2-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>A person who without reasonable excuse obstructs or hinders another in the circumstances described in subsection (2) below commits an offence.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-2-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>Those circumstances are where the person being obstructed or hindered is assisting another while that other person is, in a capacity mentioned in section 1(2) of this Act, responding to emergency circumstances.</p></content></subsection></section>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-3"><num>3</num><heading>Provisions supplementary to sections 1 and 2</heading><subsection eId="section-3-1"><num>(1)</num><intro><p>A person may be convicted of the offence under section 1 or 2 of this Act notwithstanding that it is—</p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-a"><num>(a)</num><content><p>effected by means other than physical means; or</p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-3-1-b"><num>(b)</num><content><p>effected by action directed only at any vehicle, vessel, apparatus, equipment or other thing or any animal used or to be used by a person referred to in that section.</p></content></level></subsection><subsection eId="section-3-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>For the purposes of sections 1 and 2 of this Act, circumstances to which a person is responding are to be taken to be emergency circumstances if the person believes and has reasonable grounds for believing they are or may be emergency circumstances.</p></content></subsection></section>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-4"><num>4</num><heading>Penalties</heading><content><p>A person guilty of an offence under this Act is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 5 on the standard scale.</p></content></section>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-5"><num>5</num><heading>Power to modify</heading><subsection eId="section-5-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>The Secretary of State may by order modify this Act so as to add or remove a person or description of person to or from section 1(2) of this Act; and may make such provision connected with that modification as he thinks fit.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>The Secretary of State shall not make an order under subsection (1) above unless it appears to him that the person to be added (or, as the case may be, each person of the description to be added) is one whose functions or activities are such that the person is likely, in the course of carrying them out, to have to deal with emergency circumstances.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>Before making an order under subsection (1) above which relates to Wales the Secretary of State must consult the National Assembly for Wales.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-4"><num>(4)</num><content><p>The Secretary of State may not make an order under subsection (1) above which relates to Northern Ireland without the consent of any Northern Ireland department with responsibility for the emergency circumstances to which the persons being added or removed, or persons of the description being added or removed, respond.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-5"><num>(5)</num><content><p>An order under subsection (1) above is to be made by statutory instrument.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-5-6"><num>(6)</num><content><p>No such order shall be made unless a draft of it has been laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.</p></content></subsection></section>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" eId="section-6"><num>6</num><heading>Repeals</heading><content><p>Section 44(3) and (4) of the Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004 (c. 21) shall cease to have effect.</p></content></section>
<section xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/legaldocml/ns/akn/3.0" xmlns:ukl="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/legislation" xmlns:uk="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/namespaces/UK-AKN" eId="section-7"><num>7</num><heading>Short title, commencement and extent</heading><subsection eId="section-7-1"><num>(1)</num><content><p>This Act may be cited as the Emergency Workers (Obstruction) Act 2006.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-2"><num>(2)</num><content><p>This Act (except this section) comes into force on such day as the Secretary of State may, by order made by statutory instrument, appoint and different days may be so appointed for different purposes.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-3"><num>(3)</num><content><p>This Act extends to England and Wales and Northern Ireland.</p></content></subsection><subsection eId="section-7-4"><num><ins class="first" ukl:ChangeId="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443-1476380891016" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443"><noteRef uk:name="commentary" href="#key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443" class="commentary"/>(4)</ins></num><intro><p><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443-1476380891016" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443">The following extend to Scotland—</ins></p></intro><level class="para1" eId="section-7-4-a"><num><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443-1476380891016" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443">(a)</ins></num><content><p><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443-1476380891016" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443">sections 1 to 4 so far as they relate to obstructing or hindering a Ministry of Defence fire-fighter or a person assisting such a fire-fighter, and</ins></p></content></level><level class="para1" eId="section-7-4-b"><num><ins ukl:ChangeId="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443-1476380891016" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443">(b)</ins></num><content><p><ins class="last" ukl:ChangeId="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443-1476380891016" ukl:CommentaryRef="key-d25b81f2843972f6ae53030417802443">this section.</ins></p></content></level></subsection></section>