China - Zhejiang Urban Environment Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 9)

Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment E740 March 2003 Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment March 2003 Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design with assistance from Mott MacDonald E ASI I R l APR IX 203 RECEIVED I \WB Conisolidated EA_250303 doc/   Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Consolidated Environmental Assessment Issue and Revision Record Rev Date Originator Checker Approver Description 1 21 March Larry Quinn 03 This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Mott MacDonald being obtained Mott MacDonald accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequence of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person using or relying on the document for such other purpose agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm his agreement to mdemnify I \WB Coisoiidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment List of Contents Page Summary S-1 Chapters and Appendices 1 Introduction 1-1 1.1 Zhejiang Urban Environment Project (ZUEP) Background 1-1 1.1.1 Surface Water Pollution in Zhejiang Province 1-3 1.1.2 Pollution Status of Offshore Sea Area of Zhejiang Province 1-3 1.1.3 Pollution Control Action Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Government 1-4 1.1.4 Zhejiang Urban Environment Project (ZUEP) and the World Bank 1-7 1.1.5 EA Production 1-8 1.2 Description of the Study Area 1-9 1.2.1 Economy of Zhejiang Province 1-9 1.2.2 Regional Water Resources 1-15 1.2.3 Water Resources of Project Cities 1-15 1.2.4 Domestic Water Supplies and Utilisation 1-16 1.2.5 Sewerage Systems 1-17 1.2.6 Solid Waste and Sludge Disposal Systems in Place 1-18 1.2.7 Population, Wastewater and Solid Waste Projections 1-20 1.3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 1-22 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations 1-22 1.3.2 Project Documents 1-23 1.3.3 Contents of Component EA Evaluations 1-25 1.3.4 Focuses of Component EA Evaluation 1-28 1.3.5 Guidelines and Recommendations 1-29 1.4 Scope and Standards of Environmental Assessment 1-29 1.5 The Need for the Project 1-30 1.6 Assessment Objectives, Criteria, Parameters 1-30 1.7 World Bank EA Preparation Requirements 1-31 1.8 EA Participants 1-31 1.9 EA Organisation 1-32 2 Description of the Proposed Project 2-1 2.1 ZUEP Project Components 2-1 2.1.1 Component Summary 2-1 2.1.2 Related Projects 2-1 2.2 Project Formulation and Development 2-2 2.2.1 Project Inventories and Ranking 2-2 2.2.2 World Bank Water Resources Principles 2-6 2.2.3 Final Component Selection and EA Categorisation 2-6 i I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 2.3 Details of Zhejiang ZUEP Component Projects 2-7 2.3.1 Hangzhou Landfill No. 2 2-7 2.3.2 Shaoxing - Rehabilitation of Urban Canals & Urban Infrastructure Services2- 10 2.3.3 Ningbo Zhenhai WVVTP and Sewerage 2-15 2.3.4 Ningbo Jiangdongnanqu South WWTP and Sewerage 2-16 2.3.5 Ningbo Dongqian Lake Infrastructure Improvements & Development 2-18 2.3.6 Ningbo Cicheng Town Infrastructure Improvements & Development 2-20 2.3.7 Ningbo Municipal Sludge Management Plan 2-27 2.3.8 Technical Assistance 2-28 2.4 Finance and Economics of Proposed Projects 2-28 2.4.1 General 2-28 2.4.2 Capital Costs 2-28 2.4.3 Operating Costs 2-35 2.4.4 Financial and Economnic Analyses 2-38 2.4.5 Implementation Programme 2-41 3 Description of the Environment (Provincial Overview) 3-1 3.1 Physical Environment 3-1 3.1.1 Geographical Location 3-1 3.1.2 Geology/Soils and Topography 3-2 3.1.3 Climate and Meteorology 3-8 3.1.4 Air Quality 3-11 3.1.5 Noise 3-22 3.1.6 Surface and Groundwater Hydrology 3-22 3.1.7 Non-Point Pollution, Agricultural and Urban Runoff 3-25 3.2 Biological Environment 3-26 3.2.1 Flora 3-26 3.2.2 Fauna 3-26 3.2.3 Special Issues 3-26 3.3 Socio-cultural Environment 3-26 3.3.1 Project Area Overview 3-26 3.3.2 Social and Public Health Issues 3-27 3.4 Areas of Special Designation 3-28 3.4.1 Endangered Flora and Fauna 3-29 3.4.2 Historic and Cultural Sites 3-31 3.4.3 Parklands or Other Special Sites 3-36 3.4.4 Watershed Protection Zones 3-36 3.4.5 Ocean and Beach Resources 3-36 4 Environmental Management and Problems 4-1 4.1 Water and Environmental Institutional Arrangements 4-1 4.1.1 The National Level 4-1 4.1.2 The Provincial Level 4-5 4.1.3 The City and County Level 4-6 4.2 Attainment of Goals, Standards, Regulations 4-6 4.2.1 Surface Water Quality 4-7 4.2.2 Water Supplies, Treatment and Distribution 4-8 ii I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 4.2.3 Wastewater Collection and Septic Tanks 4-8 4.2.4 Wastewater Discharges - Domestic 4-9 4.2.5 Wastewater Discharges - Industrial Pollution 4-9 4.2.6 Industrial Discharges to Sewerage Systems 4-9 4.2.7 Sludge Disposal for Septic Tanks and WWTP 4-14 4.2.8 Solid Waste Collection and Disposal 4-14 4.3 River Systems, Marine Water, Groundwater Conditions 4-14 4.3.1 Monitoring Locations 4-14 4.3.2 Monitoring Data of Surface Water, Sea Areas and Ground Water 4-14 4.3.3 Total Discharged Quantities of Wastewater, Organic Pollutants and Nutrient Salts in Province 4-36 4.3.4 Objective Reduction of Total Water Pollutant Discharged in Zhejiang during Period of Tenth Five-year Plan 4-37 4.3.5 Treatment Requirements on Wastewater Treatment and Other Projects in Zhejiang 4-37 4.3.6 Organic Load Reduction and Surface Water Environmental Benefits after Completion of ZUEP 4-37 4.3.7 Contributions of ZUEP and Other Projects Concerned to Water Quality Improvement after Their Completion 4-38 4.3.8 Ocean Water Quality Assessment, Zhenhai 4-39 4.3.9 Summary 4-40 5 Determination of the Potential Impacts of the Proposed Project 5-1 5.1 Typical Impacts of Water Pollution Control Projects 5-2 5.1.1 Positive Impacts 5-2 5.1.2 Negative Impacts 5-3 5.2 Typical Impacts of Solid Waste Management Projects 5-4 5.2.1 Positive Impacts 54 5.2.2 Negative Impacts 5-4 5.3 Typical Impacts of Canal Dredging Projects 5-5 5.3.1 Positive Impacts 5-5 5.3.2 Negative Impacts 5-5 5.4 Typical Impacts of Road Construction Projects 5-5 5.4.1 Positive Inpacts 5-5 5.4.2 Negative Impacts 5-6 5.5 Positive Impacts of the Specific ZUEP Components 5-6 5.5.1 Main Project Impacts 5-6 5.5.2 Improved Surface Water Quality, ZUEP Cities and Basin 5-21 5.5.3 Additional Potential Benefits 5-24 5.5.4 Summnary of Project Positive Impacts 5-25 5.6 Potential Short Term Construction Impacts 5-25 5.6.1 Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) 5-25 5.6.2 Demolition/Spoil 5-29 5.6.3 Dredging Sediments 5-32 5.6.4 Abandoned Earth and Stone 5-33 5.6.5 Noise 5-34 5.6.6 Dust 5-37 iii I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 5.6.7 Transportation 5-38 5.6.8 Safety Issues 5-38 5.6.9 Sensitive Sites and Public Facilities 5-39 5.6.10 Domestic Wastewater 5-40 5.6.11 Production Wastewater During Construction 5-41 5.6.12 Ocean and Beach Impacts, Ocean Outfall Construction 5-42 5.6.13 Summary of Potential Construction Phase Impacts 5-42 5.7 Potential Operational Phase Impacts 5-42 5.7.1 Sewage Overflows (Collection, Pump Stations, WWTPs) 5-42 5.7.2 Industrial Waste Upsets 5-43 5.7.3 Noise 5-45 5.7.4 Odours 5-48 5.7.5 Effluent Water Quality Impact 5-49 5.7.6 Solid Waste and Sludge Treatment And Disposal 5-62 5.7.7 O&M Problems 5-64 5.7.8 Organic Loading and Standards 5-65 5.7.9 Wastewater Effluent Re-Use, Secondary Impacts 5-65 5.7.10 Ocean Outfall at Zhenhai 5-66 5.7.11 Miscellaneous Landfill Operational Issues 5-66 5.7.12 Road Operations 5-70 5.7.13 Summary of Potential Operational Phase Impacts 5-70 5.8 Potential Project Risks 5-70 5.8.1 Flooding 5-70 5.8.2 Raw Sewage Overflows During Storms 5-72 5.8.3 Raw Sewage Overflows Due To O&M Problems 5-72 5.8.4 Improper Sludge Handling And Disposal 5-73 5.8.5 WWTP Accidents 5-73 5.8.6 Lack Of Industrial Pre-Treatment 5-74 5.8.7 Landfill Leachate Contamination 5-75 5.8.8 WWTP Sludge in Landfill 5-75 5.8.9 Landfill Subsidence and Slides 5-76 5.8.10 Landfill Gas Explosions 5-77 5.8.11 Dredge Disposal Site Impacts on Groundwater 5-77 5.8.12 Summary of Project Risks 5-78 6 Analysis of Altematives to the Proposed Project 6-1 6.1 Introduction 6-1 6.2 Altematives Reviewed in Water Pollution Control Project Development 6-1 6.2.1 Interception Ratio 6-1 6.2.2 Pipe Materials 6-1 6.2.3 Interceptor Pipeline Construction 6-2 6.2.4 Number of Pump Stations and Pressure Mains 6-2 6.2 5 Number of WWTPs 6-3 6.2.6 WWTP Site Selection 6-4 6.2.7 Wastewater Flows and Capacity of the WWTPs 6-5 6.2.8 The Quality of Wastewater to be Treated 6-5 6.2.9 The Use of Septic Tanks 6-5 6.2.10 Treated Effluent Standards 6-6 iv I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 6.2.11 The Degree of Treatment 6-8 6.2.12 Wastewater Treatment Options 6-9 6.2.13 WWTP Sludge Disposal 6-14 6.3 Landfill Options 6-14 6.3.1 Selection of Landfill as Preferred Disposal Option 6-15 6.3.2 Selection of Landfill Site 6-15 6.3.3 Selection of Landfill Layout at Tianziling 6-17 6.3.4 Leachate Control and Extraction 6-20 6.3.5 Containment of the Existing Landfill 6-20 6.3.6 Leachate Collection at Landfill Bottom 6-21 6.3.7 Proposed Grout Curtain under the Rock Fill Dam 6-24 6.3.8 Leachate Collection within Landfill 2 6-24 6.3.9 Embankment Surface Run-off and Leachate Collection Ditches 6-25 6.3.10 Diversion of Surface Water Flows from Landfills 6-25 6.3.11 Leachate Quantity and Storage 6-25 6.3.12 Landfill Gas Extraction and Use 6-26 6.3.13 Leachate Treatment 6-27 6.4 Dredging Options 6-30 6.4.1 Dredging Methods 6-31 6.4.2 Handling Hazardous Contaminants 6-31 6.4.3 Transportation 6-31 6.4.4 Disposal Area Site Selection 6-32 6.4.5 Revegetation And Reclamation 6-32 6.4.6 Prevention Of Reoccurrence 6-32 6.5 Roadway Options 6-32 6.5.1 Route Selection 6-33 6.5.2 Road Capacity and Sizing 6-33 6.5.3 Construction Materials 6-33 6.5.4 Erosion and Water Quality Controls 6-33 6.5.5 Noise Mitigation 6-34 6.6 No Project Alternatives 6-34 6.7 ZUEP Projects Connection to Ongoing Activities and Future ZUEP Projects 6-35 7 Mitigation and Monitoring Management Plans 7-1 7.1 Mitigation and Monitoring of the Implementation of Mitigation 7-1 7.1.1 Construction Phase 7-2 7.1.2 Construction EMP By Component Project 7-7 7.1.3 Operation Phase 7-14 7.1.4 Operational EMP By Component Project 7-20 7.2 Institutional Responsibilities 7-25 7.2.1 Management Institutions: Project Management Office System 7-25 7.2.2 Supervision Institutions 7-26 7.2.3 Executive Institutions 7-27 7.2.4 Supervision Organisations of Component Projects 7-27 7.3 Equipment and Training Requirements 7-29 7.4 Impacts and Costs of Plan 7-29 v I \WB Consolidated EA 250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 7.5 Long-term Monitoring of the Performance of ZUEP 7-31 7.5.1 ZEPRI CEA Monitoring Plan 7-31 7.5.2 Wastewater Schemes, Performance Indicators 7-35 7.6 Assessing the Effectiveness of the ZUEP Components 7-35 7.6.1 Operational Monitoring 7-35 7.6.2 Annual Environmental Quality Report 7-36 7.6.3 Access to Data 7-39 8 Public Process and EA Public Participation 8-1 8.1 Meetings with Public Officials in Developing Project and EA 8-1 8.2 Survey of Public Officials and Citizens m Project Area 8-2 8.2.1 Objectives 8-2 8.2.2 Principles of Public Participation Survey 8-2 8.2.3 Forms of Public Participation 8-2 8.2.4 Organisation of Public Participation Work 8-3 8.2.5 Investigation and Analysis of Pubic Consensus 8-3 8.3 EA Disclosure 8-9 8.4 Sumnmnary of Public Input 8-10 9 Summary and Conclusions 9-1 9.1 General Conclusions 9-1 9.2 Existing Environmental Conditions, Zhejiang Province 9-2 9.3 Positive Impacts 9-4 9.3.1 General 9-4 9.3.2 Improved Surface Water Quality, ZUEP Cities and Basin 9-4 9.3.3 Additional Potential Benefits 9-6 9.4 Potential Negative Impacts and Mitigations 9-6 9.4.1 Environmental Impacts, Construction Phase 9-6 9.4.2 Environmental Inpacts, Operation Phase 9-14 9.5 Total Pollutants Removed 9-24 9.6 Altematives 9-25 9.7 Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan 9-26 9.8 Public Process 9-26 9.9 Environrnent Institute Suggestions 9-27 9.10 Conclusions and Recommendations 9-34 Figures Figure S.1: Proposed ZlTEP Project Components - March 2003 ................................................. 21 Figure 1.1: Location of Project Components ................................................. 1-33 Figure 2.1: Hangzhou Landfill No. 2 Component Project Location ................................................. 2-52 vi I \WB Coisolidated EA 250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Figure 2.2: Photos of Hangzhou Landfill No. 2 Site .................................................................. 2-53 Figure 2.3: Hangzhou - Location of MSW Facilities .................................................................. 2-54 Figure 2.4: Proposed Landfill Facilities In Schematic Form in Hangzhou ........................................ 2-55 Figure 2.5: Shaoxing Location Map .................................................................. 2-56 Figure 2.6: Proposed Shaoxing Component Features .................................................................. 2-57 Figure 2.7: Photos of Shaoxing Component Project Site .................................................................. 2-58 Figure 2.8: Existing and Proposed WWTPs in Ningbo .................................................................. 2-59 Figure 2.9: Proposed Zhenhai Sewerage .................................................................. 2-60 Figure 2.10: Photos of the Zhenhai WWTP Site .................................................................. 2-61 Figure 2.11: Details of Proposed Zhenhai WWTP Layout ................................................................ 2-62 Figure 2.12: Location of Jiangdongnanqu W TP .................................................................. 2-63 Figure 2.13: Photos Of The Jiangdongnanqu W TP Site ................................................................. 2-64 Figure 2.14: Proposed Sewerage in Jiangdongnanqu Component ..................................................... 2-65 Figure 2.15: Proposed Layout of Jiangdongnanqu WWTP ............................................................... 2-66 Figure 2.16: Location Of The Dongqian Lake Component Project ................................................... 2-67 Figure 2.17: Photos Of The Dongqian Lake Component Project Area .............................................. 2-68 Figure 2.18: Proposed Roads, Sewerage and WWTP in Dongqian Lake Component Project .......... 2-69 Figure 2.19: Proposed Layout of Dongqian Lake WWTP .................................................................. 2-70 Figure 2.20: Project Area Of The Cicheng Component Project ........................................................ 2-71 Figure 2.21: Photos Of The Cicheng Project Area .................................................................. 2-72 Figure 2.22: Proposed Canal Improvenients and Sewerage in Cicheng Component Project ............ 2-73 Figure 2.23: Other Features of Cicheng Component Project ............................................................. 2-74 Figure 3.1: Schematic Topographic Diagram of Tianzilng .............................................................. 3-37 Figure 3.2: Regional Tectonic Chart .................................................................. 3-38 Figure 4.1: Zhejiang Province Environmental Protection Organisations ........................................... 4-41 Figure 4.2: Monitoring Locations near Hangzhou Landfill ............................................................... 4-42 Figure 4.3: Monitoring Locations in Shaoxing .................................................................. 4-43 Figure 4.4: Monitoring Locations in Marine Area near Zhenhai ....................................................... 4-44 Figure 4.5: Monitoring Locations in Ningbo Related to Jinagdongnanqu ......................................... 4-45 Figure 4.6: Monitoring Locations of Cicheng .................................................................. 4-46 Figure 5.1: Water Quality Model Schematic .................................................................. 5-79 Figure 5.2: Model Flow Split .................................................................. 5-80 Figure 5.3: Shaoxing Water Quality Model Results .................................................................. 5-81 Figure 5.4: River Monitoring Points in Yongjiang Catchment .......................................................... 5-82 Figure 5.5: Layout of Model Nodes and Links .................................................................. 5-83 Figure 5.6: TN Projection after Dredging Dongqian Lake ................................................................ 5-84 Figure 5.7: TP Projection after Dredging Dongqian Lake ................................................................. 5-85 Tables Table S.1: Summary of Hangzhou Project Components ................................................................... 7 Table S.2: Shaoxing Project Physical Components .................................................................. 8 Table S.3: Summary of Zhenhai Sub-Components ...................................................................9 Table S.4: Summary of Jiangdongnan Sub-Components .................................................................. 10 Table S.5: Summary of Dongqian Lake Sub-Components .................................................................. 11 Table S.6: Summary of Cicheng Sub-Components .................................................................. 12 Table S.7: Proposed Roads in Cicheng .................................................................. 13 Table S.8: Project Affected Land Statistics .................................................................. 14 Table S.9: SPMO Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Costs .................................................... 16 Table S.10: Organic Load Reduction and Environmental Benefits for Surface Waters ....................... 19 Table 1.1: Environmental Background Problems, China (1994) ......................................................... 1-7 vii I \WB Consohdated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table 1.2: Component EIAs and Assessing Agencies ......................................................................... 1-9 Table 1.3: Economic Situation of Project Cities and Province ............................................................ 1-9 Table 1.4: Status of Water Resources in Project Cities ...................................................................... -15 Table 1.5: The Status of Supply and Use of Water for Domestic Use in Project Cities and Zhejiang .. 1- 16 Table 1.6: Populations of Project Cities and Province ....................................................................... 1-20 Table 1.7: Assumed Population Growth (Landfill Service Area) ...................................................... 1-20 Table 1.8: Ningbo Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment Projects - Target Population and Beneficiaries ......................................................................... 1-21 Table 1.9: EA Staff of ZEPRI ......................................................................... 1-31 Table 2.1: Zhejiang Projects in National Green Projects Planning (Second Phase) ............................ 2-3 Table 2.2: World Bank Water Resources Management Principles and Issues .................................... 2-6 Table 2.3: Summary of Hangzhou Project Components .................................................. ................ 2-9 Table 2.4: Shaoxing Project Physical Components ......................................................................... 2-11 Table 2.5: Extent of Road Pavement .......................................................................... 2-15 Table 2.6: Summary of Zhenhal Sub-Components ......................................................................... 2-16 Table 2.7: Summary of Jiangdongnan Sub-Components ................................................................... 2-17 Table 2.8: Summary of Dongqian Lake Sub-Components ................................................................ 2-19 Table 2.9: Summary of Cicheng Sub-Components ......................................................................... 2-21 Table 2.10: Proposed Roads in Cicheng .......................................................................... 2-25 Table 2.11: Sludge Production in the Ningbo Region from Municipal WWt TPs ............................... 2-27 Table 2.12: Hangzhou Solid Waste Component - Capital Cost Summary ........................................ 2-29 Table 2.13: Shaoxing Component - Capital Cost Sumnmary ..................................................... ........ 2-30 Table 2.14: Ningbo Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment Projects - Capital Cost Summnaries (Yuan milllon, constant mid-2002 prices) ......................................................................... 2-32 Table 2.15: Cicheng Urban Infrastructure Improvement Project - Capital Cost Summary (Yuan million, constant rnid-2002 prices) .......................................................................... 2-33 Table 2.16: Dongqian Lake Infrastructure Improvement and Development Project - Capital Cost Summary (Y milllon, constant mid-2002 prices) .......................................................... 2-34 Table 2.17: Dongqian Lake: Dredging and Road Components - Capital Cost Summary (Y million, constant mid-2002 prices) ......................................................................... 2-35 Table 2.18: Hangzhou Solid Waste Component - Capital Replacement Costs .................................. 2-35 Table 2.19: Hangzhou Solid Waste Component - Closure Costs and Residual Land Value (RMB million, constant mud-2002 prices) ......................................................................... 2-36 Table 2.20: Hangzhou Solid Waste Component - Incremental Annual Operations and Maintenance Costs (RMB mllion, constant mid-2002 pnces) ....................................................................... 2-36 Table 2.21: Shaoxing Historic City-Centre Component - Capital Replacement Costs ...................... 2-37 Table 2.22: Shaoxing Component - Incremental Annual Operations and Maintenance Costs (RMB million, constant mid-2002 prices) .......................................................................... 2-37 Table 2.23: Ningbo Components - Capital Replacement Costs ............................................. 2-37 Table 2.24: Ningbo: Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment Projects - Incremental Annual Operations and Maintenance Costs (Yuan million, constant mid-2002 prices) ........................................... 2-38 Table 2.25: Ningbo: Infrastructure Improvement and Development Projects - Incremental Annual Operations and Maintenance Costs ............................................................... 2-38 Table 2.26: Hangzhou Solid Waste Component - Economic Internal Rates of Return ..................... 2-39 Table 2.27: Shaoxing Component - Economic Internal Rate of Return ............................................ 2-39 Table 2.28: Ningbo Components - Economic Internal Rates of Retum ............................................ 2-40 Table 2.29: Suggested Asset Transfer Schedule ............................................................... 2-42 Table 2.30: SPMO Proposed Contract Implementation Periods ........................................................ 2-43 Table 2.31: NPMO Proposed Contract Implementation Periods -Zhenhai ........................................ 2-44 viii I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table 2.32: NPMO Proposed Contract Implementation Periods - Jiangdongnan .............................. 2-44 Table 2.33: NPMO Proposed Contract Implementation Periods - Cicheng ...................................... 2-45 Table 2.34: NPMO Proposed Contract Implementation Periods -Dongqian Lake ........................... 2-45 Table 2.35: Summary of Current Wastewater Management Responsibilities in Ningbo .................. 2-49 Table 3.1: Geographical Location of Sub-Project Located Area ......................................................... 3-1 Table 3.2: Basic Weather Factors m Shaoxing ...................................................................... 3-9 Table 3.3: Standards for Air Quality Evaluation ...................................................................... 3-12 Table 3.4: Monitoring Results of Meteorologic Parameters of the Refuse Landfilling Area during the Monitoring Period ............................................................. 3-13 Table 3.5: Monitoring Concentration of H2S, NH3 and TSP in the Gas of the Refuse Landfill and the Surrounding Area ...................................................................... 3-14 Table 3.6: 24 Hours' Variation Condition of H2S Concentration in Each Monitoring Spot .............. 3-15 Table 3.7:24 Hours' Variation Condition of NH3 Concentration in Each Monitoring Spot ............. 3-15 Table 3.8: Statistical Monitoring Result of Air Environmental Quality in the Urban Area of Shaoxing in 1998 (mgim3) ............................................................................................................... 3-17 Table 3.9: Statistical Result of the Monitored Rainfall in the Urban Area of Shaoxing in 1998 ....... 3-18 Table 3.10: Monthly Statistical pH of the Monitored Rainfall in the Urban Area of Shaoxing in 1998 ....................................................................................................................................... ................................... 3-18 Table 3.11: City Environment Air Quality Supervision Results ........................................................ 3-19 Table 3.12: Contamination Substance Daily Average Thickness Index over Standard Analysis ...... 3-20 Table 3.13: Rivers in Ancient City of Shaoxing ....................................................................... 3-23 Table 3.14: Water-level Changes of the Rivers in the Urban Area .................................................... 3-24 Table 3.15: Monthly Changes of Water-storage in the Urban Area .................................................. 3-24 Table 3.16: Locations of Old Famous Trees in Construction Area of Shaoxing Component ............ 3-30 Table 3.17: Locations of Old Famous Trees in Construction Area of Cicheng Component ............. 3-30 Table 3.18: Information of Historic Sites Renovation in Five Historical Precincts ........................... 3-32 Table 3.19: Information of Old Bridges in Shaoxing Project Area ................................................... 3-34 Table 3.20: Locations of Old Buildmgs in Cicheng Project Area ...................................................... 3-35 Table 4.1: National Water and Environmental Laws Important to ZUEP ........................................... 4-1 Table 4.2: Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water, GB 3838-2002 .................................... 4-3 Table 4.3: Standard Limit of Added Items for Centralised Domestic Drinking Surface Water Source 4- 3 Table 4.4: Standards of Specific Indices in Class I, II, m11 Surface Waters .......................................... 4-4 Table 4.5: Environmental Function Zoning Of Surface Water ............................................................ 4-7 Table 4.6: Environmental Function Zoning of Offshore Sea Areas ..................................................... 4-8 Table 4.7: Status of Industrial Wastewater Discharge ....................................................................... 4-9 Table 4.8: Quality Analysis of Water In and Out of WWTPs ........................................................... 4-10 Table 4.9: Industry Categories and Pollution Loads in Zhejiang Province ........................................ 4-11 Table 4.10: Industries in Each Administrative District in Zhejiang Province ................................... 4-12 Table 4.11: Drainage Wastewater Quantity and Water Quality of Main Industrial Enterprises ........ 4-13 Table 4.12: Water Quality Standard of Sewers in City of Wastewater Discharge ............................ 4-14 Table 4.13: Relationships of Surface Water Bodies with Project ...................................................... 4-15 Table 4.14: Summary of Water Quality Monitonng Data of Yongjiang and Fenghua Rivers .......... 4-17 Table 4.15: Routine Water Quality Monitoring Data of Zhenhai Inner River ................................... 4-21 Table 4.16: Routine Monitoring Results of Water Environmnent of Dongqian Lake 1999-2001 ...... 4-23 Table 4.17: Monitored Results of Existing Inner-town Water Enviromnent in Cicheng ................... 4-25 Table 4.18: Routine Monitored Results of Water Quality of Cijiang River 1999-2001 ................... 4-27 Table 4.19: Water Quality Monitoring Results of Inner-city Canals in Shaoxing 2000 .................... 4-29 Table 4.20: Water Quality Monitoring Data of Yanshan River 1999-2002 ...................................... 4-32 ix I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table 4.21: Monitoring Results of Water Quality Status in Sea Area Neighboring Zhenhai WWTP...4- 33 Table 4.22: Landfill Groundwater Quality Data Varying with Years ........ . ...................................... 4-36 Table 4.23: Status of Wastewater and Pollutant Discharge in Province in 2000 ............................... 4-37 Table 4.24: Objective Reductions of Total Water Pollutant Discharges in Zhejiang dunng Period of Tenth Five-year Plan (Unit OOO tons) ......................................................................... 4-37 Table 4.25: Organic Load Reduction and Environmental Benefits for Surface Waters .................... 4-38 Table 4.26: Zhejiang Investment Plan for Environmental Protection during Period of Tenth Five-year Plan ......................................................................... 4-39 Table 5.1: Hangzhou Municipality - Household Income Distnbution by District - May 2002 .......... 5-8 Table 5.2: Sunmmary of Project Affected Land Statistics ................................................................... 5-25 Table 5.3: Households and Population to Be Resettled ..................................................................... 5-26 Table 5.4: Enterprises to Be Relocated ......................................................................... 5-26 Table 5.5: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Data for Hangzhou ................................................... 5-27 Table 5.6: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Data for Shaoxing .................................................... 5-28 Table 5.7: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Data for Ningbo ....................................................... 5-28 Table 5.8: Summary on Sources, Quantities and Disposal Methods of Abandoned Solid Wastes (Unit mg/kg except organic matters) ......................................................................... 5-31 Table 5.9: Monitored Results of Sludge Constituents of Components Concerned ........................... 5-32 Table 5.10: Analysis Results of Cicheng and Shaoxing Sediment .................................................... 5-32 Table 5.11: Monitored Noise Values of Commonly Used Constructional Plants .............................. 5-34 Table 5.12: Disturbance Radiuses of Main Constructional Plants (Unit m) ...................................... 5-35 Table 5.13: Limits of Noises at Boundary of Construction Site ........................................................ 5-35 Table 5.14: Summnaries on Inpacts of Noises due to Construction of Components .......................... 5-36 Table 5.15: Constructional Impacts on Traffic and Mitigating Measures ......................................... 5-38 Table 5.16: Domestic Sewage Produced by Builders in Constructing Components and Disposal Measures ......................................................................... 5-41 Table 5.17: Summary on Production Wastewater and Disposal Requirements ................................. 541 Table 5.18: Water Quality Standard of Wastewater Discharge into Municipal Sewers (CJ3082-1999) . ...................................................................................................................................... 5-44 Table 5.19: Noise Impact Analyses ......................................................................... 5-46 Table 5.20: Main Water Quality Indicators of Leachate in No. 1 Landfill (Unit mg/L) ...................... 5-51 Table 5.21: Projected Water Quality Indicators of Leachate in No. 2 Landfill ................................. 5-51 Table 5.22: Statistical Results of Influent and Effluent Water Quality of Leachate Treatment Station 5- 51 Table 5.23: Leachate Pollutant Discharge Quantities before/after Construction of SW Component 5-52 Table 5.24: The Influent and Effluent Water Quality of Design for SJWWTP and Discharge Loads ..5- 53 Table 5.25: Hydrologic Parameters at Dependable Rates of 10% and 90% in Zhenhai Hydrological Station ......................................................................... 5-56 Table 5.26: Summary of Calculation Scenarios ......................................................................... 5-56 Table 5.27: Summary of Results of Scenarios ......................................................................... 5-56 Table 5.28: Influent And Effluent Water Quality Of Design For ZWWTP, Pollutant Removal Rates, Quantities Removed And Discharge Volumes ........................................................ ..... 5-58 Table 5.29: Statistic Data of Dependable Rates of Tidal Range at Zhenhai Station .......................... 5-58 Table 5.30: Summary of Mathematic Calculation Scenarios for Outlets by Houhaitang .................. 5-59 Table 5.31: Areas Enveloped By Isolines Of The Maximum And Mean CODMo (Main Control Factor) Concentrations Under All Tides (km2) ......................................................................... 5-59 Table 5.32: Predicted Results of TN and TP after Intercepting Wastewater for Dongqian Lake ...... 5-61 Table 5.33: Sludge Produced by WWTPs (Unit t/d) ......................................................................... 5-63 x I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table 5.34: Heavy Metal Content in Solid Wastes and Sludge Immersion Liquid with Different Immersion Durations ....................................................................... 5-64 Table 5.35: Non-organized Emission and Source Strength of Pollutants in LFG in Tianziling Landfill ....................................................................................................................................... 5-66 Table 6.1: Proposed Pipe Materials ....................................................................... 6-1 Table 6.2: Existing and Planned WWTP's in Ningbo ....................................................................... 6-3 Table 6.3: Requirements of the National Standard GB 8978 ....................................... 6-6 Table 6.4: Comparison of Tianziling and Shima Village Site Options . .............................. 6-16 Table 6.5: Stability Safety Factors ....................................................................... 6-18 Table 6.6: Discharge Standards for LTP Effluent ....................................................................... 6-28 Table 7.1: Collection and Transfer Systems ....................................................................... 7-2 Table 7.2: Sanitary Landfi11 ....................................................................... 7-2 Table 7.3: Leachate Handling, Removal of Existing Facility ...................................... 7-3 Table 7.4: Construction Debris Disposal ....................................................................... 7-3 Table 7.5: Wastewater Sewerage and Pumping ....................................................................... 7-3 Table 7.6: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) ....................................................................... 7-4 Table 7.7: Sludge Management System ....................................................................... 7-4 Table 7.8: Construction Debris Disposal ....................................................................... 7-4 Table 7.9: Ocean Outfall ....................................................................... 7-5 Table 7.10: Channel Dredging ....................................................................... 7-5 Table 7.11: Spoils Transportation and Disposal ....................................................................... 7-6 Table 7.12: Infrastructure Construction ....................................................................... 7-6 Table 7.13: Spoils Transportation and Disposal ....................................................................... 7-7 Table 7.14: Solid Waste Sources ....................................................................... 7-15 Table 7.15: Collection and Transfer Systems ....................................................................... 7-15 Table 7.16: Sanitary Landfills ....................................................................... 7-15 Table 7.17: Leachate Treatment Plants ....................................................................... 7-16 Table 7.18: Local and Downstream Impacted Areas ....................................................................... 7-16 Table 7.19: Solid Waste, Septage, and Direct Discharge Sources . .................................................... 7-16 Table 7.20: Raw Sewage, Domestic and Industrial Sources to Sewer Systems . ....................... 7-17 Table 7.21: Raw Sewage Overflows, Various Locations ................................................................... 7-17 Table 7.22: Wastewater Sewerage and Pumping ....................................................................... 7-18 Table 7.23: Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) ....................................................................... 7-18 Table 7.24: Sludge Management System ....................................................................... 7-19 Table 7.25: Receiving Water Issues, Including Ocean ...................................................................... 7-19 Table 7.26: Raw Sewage Overflows, Various Locations ......................................... 7-20 Table 7.27: Infrastructure Operations ....................................................................... 7-20 Table 7.28: ZPMO Environmental Monitoring Costs ....................................................................... 7-31 Table 7.29: Environment Monitoring of Components during Construction Period . .................... 7-32 Table 7.30: Environment Monitoring of Components during Operation Period . ...................... 7-33 Table 7.31: Summary of Main Contents of Monitoring Reports for Components . ..................... 7-34 Table 7.32: Minimum Wastewater Monitoring Data in Annual Environmental Quality Report ....... 7-37 Table 7.33: Mimmum Solid Waste Monitoring Data in Annual Environmental Quality Report ...... 7-38 Table 8.1: Zhejiang EA - Information of Public Participation Survey . . 8-11 Table 8.2: Zhejiang EA - Summary Information Disclosure ...................................... 8-12 Table 9.1: Summary of Project Affected Land Statistics ..................................................................... 9-7 Table 9.2: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Data for Hangzhou . ................................. 9-7 Table 9.3: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Data for Shaoxing .................................. 9-8 Table 9.4: Land Acquisition and Resettlement Data for Ningbo .................................... 9-8 xi I \WVB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table 9.5: Summary on Sources, Quantities and Disposal Methods of Abandoned Solid Wastes (Unit mg/kg except organic matters) ............................................................... 9-9 Table 9.6: Analysis Results of Cicheng and Shaoxing Sediment ...................................................... 9-10 Table 9.7: Constructional Impacts on Traffic and Mitigating Measures .......................................... 9-13 Table 9.8: Sunmmary on Production Wastewater and Disposal Requirements ................................... 9-14 Table 9.9: Noise Impact Analyses ............................................................... 9-16 Table 9.10: Organic Load Reduction and Environmental Benefits for Surface Waters .................... 9-25 xii I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Abbreviations and Acronyms AIC Average Incremental Cost MoF State Ministry of Finance ATP Ability to Pay MSW Municipal Solid Waste BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand NCB National Competitive Bidding COD Chemical Oxygen Demand NMG Ningbo Municipal Govemment CHP Cultural Hentage Plan NWC Ningbo Wastewater Company (proposed) DO Dissolved Oxygen NWSC Ningbo Water Supply Company (existing) DRA Design, Review & Advisory consultant (Mott OD Oxygen Demand MacDonald) PAD Project Appraisal Document (WB) EA Environmental Assessment (WB term for EIA) PAP Project Affected Person EIA Environmental Impact Assessment PIP Project Implementation Plan EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return PMO Project Management Office (Municipal level) EMP Environmental Management Plan PPP Project Procurement Plan ENFI Beijing Central Engineenng & Research Institute PRC People's Republic of China for Non-ferrous Metallurgical Industnes PS Pumping Station EPB Environmental Protection Bureau PV Present Value FIRR Financial Internal Rate of Return RAP Resettlement Action Plan FSR Feasibility Study Report SDPC State Development and Planning Commission HMG Hangzhou Municipal Government SEPA State Environmental Planning Agency HSWC Hangzhou Solid Waste Company (proposed) SMG Shaoxing Municipal Government ICB International Competitive Bidding SS Suspended Solids INS International or National Shopping IDC Interest During Construction TVE Town and Village Enterpnse IDP Institutional Development Plan VWB World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) IPCAP Industrial Pollution Control Action Plan WRB Water Resources Bureau IST Institutional Strengthening and Training WTP Willingness to Pay LG Leading Group WTW Water Treatment Works LTP Leachate treatment plant WWTP Waste Water Treatrnent Plant lcd Litres per capita per day ZEPB Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau MoC State Ministry of Construction ZUDPO Zhejiang Urban Development Project Office NB: SI units of measurement have been used throughout this report xiii I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Summary Environmental Assessment of the Zhejiang Urban Environment Project (ZUEP), Zhejiang Province, China In November 1999, an agreement was reached between the Government of PRC and the World Bank, that the proposed Zhejiang Urban Environmental Project (ZUEP) be in the Bank's three-year lending program for a loan of about US$150 million. It is currently proposed that the loan application be presented to the Bank's Board in time to allow loan effectiveness in FY03. The project is intended to strengthen the collection and treatment of wastewater; the disposal of municipal and solid wastes; to improve the urban infrastructures services including the rehabilitation of inner waterways, lakes and roads; and conservation of cultural heritage in the cities of Hangzhou, Ningbo, and Shaoxing. The locations of the project components are shown in Figure S. 1. This report provides a summary of the Environmental Assessment Report - Main Report and Appendices, for the ZUEP. The EIA Centre of Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design (ZEPRI) was responsible for compilation of the consolidated EIA report of ZUEP with the assistance of the DRA Consultant (Mott MacDonald). Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design, Ningbo Municipal Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design and the ELA Research Institute of Zhejiang University respectively prepared the component EIA reports. Environmental Context Pursuant to the Commninique 2000 of Zhejiang Environment Status (Zhejiang EPB, 2000), the environmental protection, society and economy had been developed In a coordinated way in Zhejiang Province; the tasks of "one control and two meeting-standard's" had been accomplished on schedule; the urban environment comprehensive rehabilitation, which focused on infrastructure development, had been deepened continually; the policy had been constantly implemented of paying equal attention to pollution control and ecosystem protection, new achievements having been obtained in the construction of natural preserved areas and ecological protection areas and the environmental rehabilitation in rural areas having been launched. The monitoring data of 2000 disclose that basically, the water quality of mainstreams in the province was good, but there were areas polluted at different degrees existing mn some tributaries, and river sections passing through cities and towns; pollution was still severe in canals, river systems in the plain and city's inner rivers, and lakes were highly eutrophic. The feature of water body pollution was of organic pollution type. Main pollution indicators were permanganate index, BOD, non-ionic ammonia, volatile phenol and oils. In 2000, Zhejiang's offshore sea areas (within 12 sea mule stretching outward from terntorial sea baseline) were still seriously polluted, most of environmental function zones having not met the requirements of protection objectives. The pollution degree was to the front of the coastal provinces (autonomous region and municipalities at provincial level). Because the active phosphate and non- orgamc nitrogen exceeded the standard limits senously, the water quality of over 70% offshore seawaters was Category IV or worse. There was no Category I seawater. In local sea areas, especially in northern Zhejiang sea areas, the rates of Pb, Hg and COD exceeding standard were somewhat high. S-1 I \WB Coilsolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Influenced by pollution, the diversity index of organisms and quantities of food organisms present a decline tendency; the changes of benthic communities are obvious in Hangzhou Bay and Ningbo- Zhoushan sea area; red tides frequently occur in the whole sea area. Zhejiang Province Accordant to the spirit of Outline of the Tenth Five-year Plan for Development of Economy and Society in Zhejiang, Zhejiang Development Planning Commission and Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau worked out the Tenth Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection in Zhejiang, which included the provincial environmental objectives as below: o by 2005, the systems of environmental protection policies & regulations and management, which are suitable to the development of economy and society in the province, as well as those of controlling total pollutant discharge amount will have been initially established in the province; o tendency of environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction in the province effectively controlled; o environment quality much improved in major cities and regions; o province will manage to take the lead in the country in setting up a benign ecological environment system meeting the requirements of sustainable development, and try its best to go ahead in the environmental protection work in the country. Main indicators are listed below: o The water-quality-meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) should be raised by 5-10 per cent points in the eight river systems, such as the Qiantang, Cao'e, Yongjiang, Jiaojiang, Oujiang, Feiyun, Aojiang and Tiaoxi rivers; o The water-quality-meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) should be raised by 5-10 per cent points in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou region, which belongs to the catchment of Taihu Lake, and in the river systems in the plain with water quality seriously polluted; o The water-quality-meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) of lakes and reservoirs should be over 70%; o The main water quality indicators should be effectively controlled in the offshore sea areas according to the functional zoning requirements, and improved year by year; o By 2005, the discharge amounts of S02, dusts (smoke dusts and industrial ashes), COD, NH3-N, industrial solid wastes and other main pollutants should be 10% less than those of 2000; o The surface water quality meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) should be 100% in Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Shaoxing and other major environmental protection cities; o The centralized urban wastewater treatment rates should be more than 53%; the centralized municipal domestic wastewater treatment rates should be more than 45%, especially, those of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou should reach over 60%; o The rates of urban domestic rubbish treatment without harmful effects should be more than 90%, especially, those of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou should amount to 97% or more, and the reuse rates of urban rubbish should be 30% in the cities of the province; S-2 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 'l'he public green surface per capita should be over 8 square meters in cities. In the planning built-up areas in cities, the green surface rates should reach above 30%, and landscape coverage rates over 35%. ZUEP Project Goals and Objectives The objectives of ZUEP are consistent with the environmental objectives of the Tenth Five-year Plan, and they are closely related with each other. The implementation of ZUJEP will vigorously raise the levels of central wastewater treatment rates and disposal of domestic rubbish treatment without harmful effccts; treating and reducing wastewater pollutant loads will help realize the control objectives of total pollutant discharge amounts; effectively controlling the environmental pollution tendency and meeting the standard of surface water during the penod of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The appearances, styles and grades of the project cities can be much upgraded through environmental rehabilitation and water environment quality improvement, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the province in the future. In accordance with the national World Bank (WB) policies and priorities, the Shandong Provincial Government (SPG) has requested WB and bi-lateral donor support for the Zhejiang Urban Environment Project. The Zhejiang Urban Environment Project (ZUEP) is also a.key element of China's Agenda 21 programmne. The sector-related goal for the project is: * Improve quality of water and other environmental conditions in Zhejiang Province by providing environmental infrastructure operated in a sustainable manner Project Cities Hangzhou Hangzhou is the capital and largest city in Zhejiang Province. Hangzhou Municipality (HIM) covers a total area of 16,600 km2 (16% of the provincial total), and includes eight districts within the city and five surrounding counties. The city itself is one of the key historical, cultural and scenic centres in China, with a history stretching back more than 2,200 years. Hangzhou conmnands an important geographic location on the northern bank of Qiantang River at the apex of Hangzhou Bay. The area is criss-crossed by a number of other rivers, minor waterways and the famous West Lake, which add to the city's reputation as a major tourist destination for domestic and foreign visitors. Hangzhou is also at the centre of the province's transportation networks, with important modern road and rail connections to the major ports of Shanghai and Ningbo, an international airport and the Grand Canal that is navigable northwards to Beijing. In 2001, the City and the Mumcipality had populations of 3.7 mnllion and 6.2 million. These figures account for 8% and 14% respectively of the provincial population. The core city has a population of some 2.5 rrullion in 6 districts, but was expanded to 3.7 million in 2001 with the inclusion of Xiaoshan and Yuhang Districts. Hanghzou Municipality consists of 8 districts, 3 county-level cities and 2 counties. Shiaoxing Shaoxing is an industrial city with a remarkable cultural heritage, located on Hangzhou Bay about 67 km to the southeast of Hangzhou and 108 km from Ningbo. Shaoxing Municipality (SM) covers a total area of 7,900 km2 (8% of the provincial total), and includes one district (Yuecheng) and five surrounding counties. The area has good road and rail links, and is served by the airports and ports at Hangzhou and Ningbo. S-3 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment The city itself has a history dating back more than 2,500 years. It was the ancient capital of the Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period (490 BC). The historical connections stretch through to the modem era, because Shaoxing is the hometown of many well-known Chinese historical figures, such as the late Premier Chou Enlai, authors and thinkers Lu Xun and Cai Peiyuan, revolutionary martyrs Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin. The Old City itself has many buildings and sites of historical interest, including the five conservation precincts By end-2000, Shaoxing Mumcipality had a population of 4.3 million, compared with 3.9 million in 1985 and a growth rate of about 0.6% per year. The urban population (non-agricultural) accounts for 19% of the total, while the other 81% are classified as rural (agricultural). The City itself (defined as Yuecheng District, plus the nearby areas of Paojiang and Keqiao) has a reported population of 501,000 in 2000. Ningbo Ningbo is the second largest city in Zhejiang Province, bordering Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea about 170 km east of Hangzhou and 108 km from Shaoxing. Ningbo Municipality (NM) covers a total area of 9,365 km2 (9% of the provincial total), and includes five districts (Jiangbei, Zhenhai, Jiangdong, Haishu and Beilun), three county-level cities (Yuyao, Cixi and Fenghua), and three counties (Yin, Xiangshan and Ninghai). The area has good road and rail links, and is served by its own intemational airport and one of the largest intemational port complexes in China. The foundation of the city itself dates back more than 2,000 years. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties (618-1279 AD), Ningbo has been an important intemational trading centre when Shanghai was still only a small fishing settlement. The natural deepwater and ice-free characteristics give the Beilun Port special strategic advantages. Ningbo was designated a city in 1927 and became one of China's major economic development zones following the open-market reform programme in the late-1970s and 1980s. By end-2000, Ningbo Municipality had a population of 5.4 million, compared with 5.1 million in 1990 and a growth rate of about 0.6% per year. More than 70% live in urban areas. The City itself covers an area of 350 km2 and has a reported population of 1.2 million in 2000. Ningbo Zhenhai Zhenhai District is located on Hangzhou Bay at the mouth of the Yong Jiang River. Zhenhai Town is the district headquarters and commercial centre. The district covers a total of 219 km2 and includes one township, five towns and 151 villages. Zhenhai has been an important trading port for the Ningbo region and the wider hinterland of Zhejiang Province since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Zhenhai Town is about 28 kmn from the centre of Ningbo. Ningbo Jiangdong Jiangdong District is one of the three core districts which make up the main urban area of Ningbo City The others are Haishu and Jiangbei Districts. The City is sited on both banks of the Yuyao River and Fenghua River which join in the downtown area to form the Yong River, which in turn flows downstream to Zhenhai and disgorges into Hangzhou Bay. In 2000, the main urban area had a population of about 1.24 million, which has been growing at an average of 1.3% per year since 1990 (population of 1.08 million) Ningbo, Yin County (Dongqian Lake) Dongqian Lake is located in Yin County about 15 km from Ningbo City. On 19'h April 2002, it is understood that the county was renamed Yinzhou District. However, the information presented in this S-4 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment sub-section refers to Yin County. The county covers an area 1,527 km2 and is divided administratively into two (2) townships and 21 towns. The County Government is located in Ningbo City. Yin County is one of the oldest counties in China, with a history dating back more than 2,000 years. In 2000, the population of Yin County was 722,000 (13% of Ningbo Municipality) with an average growth rate of 0.3% per year since 1990, when the population was 697,000. Ningbo, Jtangbei District (Cicheng) Jiangbei District is where the town of Cicheng is located. The district was the home of the ancient Hemedu culture of about 7,000 years ago. The district covers a total of 208 km2 and includes five (5) townships and four (4) neighbourhoods. Cicheng Town is the district headquarters and commercial centre with a history that stretches back about 1,200 years, including a number of important buildings from the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Many of these ancient structures are in a poor state of repair and will continue to deteriorate unless action is taken. Cicheng is about 16 km from the centre of Ningbo and covers an area of 70 km2. The old town, where the ZUEP Project is located covers an area of 2.17 km2. In 2000, the total population of Jiangbei District was 225,000 (4% of Ningbo Municipality), with Cicheng Town accounting for about 41,000 or 18% of the district population. The Need for the Project The overall need for ZUEP is fully described for each ZUEP project component in Chapter 2. The ZUIEP project benefits by component project are fully described m Chapter 5. EA Preparation Requirements The Environmental Assessment (EA) for this project was based on the following directives and guidance documents (note: n/a means not applicable): * World Bank Operational Directives: Environmental Assessment (OP 4.01, BP 4.01, GP 4.01) Natural habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04, GP 4.04) - WB TBD, Dongqian Lake Forestry (OP 4.36, GP 4.36) - n/a Pest Management (OP 4.09) - n/a Cultural Property (OPN 11.03) - Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20) - n/a Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30) Safety of Dams (OP 4.37, BP 4.37) - n/a Projects in Intemational Waters (OP 7.50, BP 7.50, GP 7.50) - n/a Projects in Disputed Areas (OP 7.60, BP 7.60, GP 7.60) - n/a * World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebooks, Volumes 1-3, Techmncal Papers 139, 140, and 154. * World Bank Environmental Assessment Updates 1-28, to June 2002. * World Bank ZUEP Project Aide Memoirs (dated 23 Nov 98, 06-14 May 99, 26 June 99, 17 Nov 99, 9 May 00, 8 July 00, 22 June 02). S-5 I \WB Consolidated EA 250303 doe/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o SEPA Standard HJ/T 2.1-2.3, 1993, Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment, 1993-09-18 published, 1994-04-01 in effect. o Class A project detenmination by World Bank. Overview of ZUEP Component Components The ZUJEP envisages the following environmental improvements: o Hanzzhou The Hangzhou proposals include the construction of a new solid waste landfill with a capacity of 22.10 mnillion cubic metres. o Ningbo. The Ningbo proposals include the construction of three new wastewater treatment facilities with a total capacity of 220,000 m3/d, construction, expansion and rehabilitation of the sewerage network, rehabilitation of inner-city watercourses, Dongqianhu Lake clean-up and development, and infrastructure upgrading in Cicheng town. O Shaoxing. Shaoxing proposals include the rehabilitation of urban watercourses, upgrading of urban infrastructure services and conservation of histonc sites and buildings in five areas of the Old City. Hangzhou The Hangzhou project components relate to the provision of a new landfill and associated facilities, adjacent to and partially overlying the existing Landfill 1. All works will be located at the Tianziling landfill site located near the village of Qinglongwu, some 18 km north-west of the centre of Hangzhou city. The individual works proposed in this component project are sunmmarised in Table S. 1. S-6 I \WB Consolidated EA-250303 docI  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table S.1: Summary of Hangzhou Project Components Component Description Capacity/size Function Landfill site Construction of 22 million cubic metre 22 mullion cubic metre capacity landfill Provision of safe and capacity solid waste landfill Includes environmenitally civil works for contaiunent of sotid waste, Leachate storagc reservoir in old quarry acccptable solid waste collection and transfer of leachate and gas 150,000 m3 leachate storage disposal for penod in generated by the landfill, leachate storage, excess of 24 years for access roads and surface water control the city of Hangzhou Leachate Construction of leachate treatment plant Leachate treatment plant 1,500 m3/d For leachate treatment to Treatment Plant (LTP) Outfall to municipal sewerage achieve national system standard for discharge of industnal effluent to __________________ ___________ _____________________________public sew er Solid waste Provision of 28 new vehicles and mobile Compactors (vanous types) 3 Nr For staff/business transport and landfill compacting plant including Bulldozers (vanous types) 5 Nr transport and for landfill compacting plant bulldozers, excavators and trucks Excavator/loaders 4 Nr handling and Large dumper trucks 7 Nr compaction Sewage vacuum tanker I Nr Truck mounted concrete mixer I Nr Truck mounted crane (50 tonne) I Nr Breakdown truck I Nr Minibus I Nr Jeep I Nr Car 3 Nr Shaoxing The proposed construction components of the Shaoxing project components (buildings and infrastructure) are summarised in Table S.2. S-7 I IWB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table S.2: Shaoxing Project Physical Components Component Description Location Capacitv/size Function Restoration of Restoration and rebuilding of Protected structures - 50,275 m2 Prevention of further Histonc/ protected structures within the structural detenoration, Protected histonc old city improve amenity of Structures conservation areas for residents and tounsts Improvement Renovation of Ming and Qing Renovate buildings - 582,200 m2 Provide improved hvung of histonc and housing including modem kitchen Demolish buildings - 269,900 M2 conditions for residents, modem and sanitary facilities, Fve Modify modem buildings - 248,200 m2 restore histonc appearance to buildings in Modification of more modem . Provide kitchens & bathrooms - conservation area, encourage conservatmon conservation buildings to improve appearance 97,100 m2 tounsm. areas in town Sewerage Construction of new sewerage (Gucheng)of 17 8 km of DN200 and DN300 pipes Prevent domestic sewage system pipelines to create a separate entenng the canals Improve Shaoximg system and connected to municipal water quality and local sewerage system and existing environment WWTP Provision of Provide piped water and gas Water - 34 4 km of DN25 and DN200 Improve samtation and improved gas distnbution systems to the pipes environment through and water conservation areas Gas - 34 4 km of DN25 and DN200 provision of piped clean supply pipes water and reduce reliance on charcoal Modification Increasing depth of 17 canals Dredging 100,000 m3 Cleanng of the senously of urban through dredging Widening and Excavate 35,000 m3 silted canal sections Benefits canals new stone revetments for 5 canals Old town area Stone revetment II ,500m3 for navigation Restoration of 350m of Guanxiang of Shaoxmg Complete circuit of canals for River (canal) tour boats Possible water quality benefit River pumping System of pump stations and gates New 12,000 m3/h pump station Increased canal flushing to stations and used to pump water from the city Replace seven pumps in three existing one change per day in order control gates moat to "flush" the urban canals to stations, each 4,000 m3/h to improve water quality in improve water quality Provide 4 new flow control gates and urban canals for amenity Construct one new PS and flow repair/replace 10 others purposes control gates, and rehabilitate 3 , ~~~~~Old town area existing PS and associated gates of Shaoxing Roads, Re-paving of existing roads with Re-paving - 32,550 M2 Improve appearance of bndges, car traditional stone paving, repair of Road repair - 24,010 M2 histonc conservation area parks and existing roads, construction of new New bndges - 4 Nr Provide access across new public spaces bndges over new canal and Car parks - 29,250 m2 canal Provide controlled crcation of spaces for landscaped Landscaped areas and parks - 98,140 parking for tounsts Provide I parks and car parking m 2 more landscaped areas Ningbo - Zhenhai S-8 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment The Zhenhai project sub-components relate solely to wastewater collection and treatment and are summarised in Table S.3. All works will be located in the central urban area of Zhenhai District in Ningbo Municipality. Table S.3: Summary of Zhenhai Sub-Components Component Description Capacity/size Function Secondary and trunk Construction of new PVC and reinforced PVC sewers, DN300 to DN400 24 1 km To convey wastewater sewers in Chengguan concrete (RC) sewers from DN300 to RC sewers, DN500 to DNI400 20 0 kn produced in the catchment of Zhenhai DN 1400 to strengthen existing sewerage Crossings 0 1 km Chengguan catchment of network, intercept sewage flows Total length of all pipelines 44 2 km Zhenhar (current pop currently discharged to nver and connect Approx 100,000) to the system to the proposed Zhenhai proposed Zhenhai Houhaitang WWTP Houhaitang WWTP Sewage lift Pumping Construction of five new lift sewage Dongmen PS (refurbish) 170 Us To lift sewage into the Stations in pumping stations and refurbishment of (peak) trunk sewers to the Chengguan one existing ltft station Linjiang PS (new) 125 Is (peak) proposed WWTP catchment of Zhenhai Weihailu PS (new) 610 Vs (peak) Suidaolu PS (new) 400 Vs (peak) Hongyuan PS (ncw) 75 I/s (peak) Haitian PS (new) 75 Vs (peak) Zhenhai Houhaitang Construction of a conventional oxidation Average daily flow 30,000 m3/d To treat the wastewater Wastewater ditch treatment plant with biological and from the Chengguan Treatment Plant chemically assisted nutnent removal urban distnct of Zhenhai Includes inlet pumping, screens, gnt removal, anoxic tank anaerobic tank, oxidation ditch, final settlement tanks, sludge dewatenng and short sea outfall Ningbo - Jiangdongnan The Jiangdongnan project sub-components relate solely to wastewater collection and treatment and are summarised in Table S.4. All works will be located in the Jiangdongnan catchment of southern Ningbo city, covering part of the Sanjiang area (all of Haishu and part of Jiangdong district) and the northern part of Yinzhou district, in Ningbo Municipality. S-9 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table S.4: Summary of Jiangdongnan Sub-Components Component Description Capacity/size Function Secondary and Construction of new PVC and reinforced PVC sewers, DN300 to DN400 19 2 km To convey wastewater trunk sewers concrete (RC) sewers from DN300 to RC sewers, DN500 to DN2200 23 4 km produced in the southem DN2200 to strengthen existing sewerage River crossings 0 6 km catchment (current pop network, intercept sewage flows currently Total length of all pipelines 43 2 km Approx 335,000) of discharged to nver and connect system to Ningbo city to the the proposed Jiangdongnan WWTP proposed Jiangdongnan WWTP Sewage lift Construction of two new lift sewage Ningzhong PS (refurbish) 540 Us To lift sewage in the Pumping pumping stations and refurbishment of (peak) trunk sewer system and Stations two existing lift stations Wudongzha PS (refurbish) 790 I/s convey to the proposed (peak) WWTP Wangchun PS (new) 530 I/s (peak) Qioubi PS (new) 330 Vs (peak) Jiangdongnan Construction of an activated sludge Average daily flow 160,000 m3/d To treat the wastewater Wastewater treatment plant with biological and from Sanjiang area, and Treatment Plant chemically assisted Phosphorus removal from Ymzian, and Includes inlet pumping, fine screens, gnt Cicheng removal, anaerobic and aerobic tanks, final settlement tanks and sludge dewatenng Vehicles - to be 3 vehicles for staff transport Truck (4 5 t), sludge transport 8 Nr Provide transport for located at new 13 vehicles for operational uses Excavator (I 5 t), for loading sludge 2 Nr company staff and WWTP Truck (I 5 t), for sewer maintenance 2 Nr improve efficiency of Truck (5 t), flat bed for general use I Nr wastewater company Minibus I Nr operations Coach I Nr Car I Nr Ningbo - Dongqian Lake The Dongqian Lake project sub-components relate to both wastewater and other urban environmental developments. The works are summarised in Table S.5. All works will be located in and around Dongqian Lake except for the pumping main transferring sewage from Dongqian Lake to Ningbo. S-10 I \WB Consolidated EA 250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table S.5: Summary of Dongqian Lake Sub-Components Component Description Capacity/size Function Sewerage system Trunk sewers to intercept sewage To prevent wastewater discharges currently entenng the lake entenng the lake Sewage pumping mains associated Improve water quality in with network pumping stations the lake Network pumping Seven sewage pumping stations No I PS(new) 62 Is To pump collected stations transfemng flows around Dongqian No 2 PS (new) 410Us sewage around the lake to Lake No 3 PS (new) 10 Us Honglin PS No 4 PS (new) 40 I/s No 5 PS (new) 410 Vs No 6 PS (new) 440 I/s No 7 Hotel PS (new) 520 Vs Dongqian Lake Construction of a conventional Average daily flow 30,000m3/d To treat wastewater from Wastewater oxidation ditch treatment plant with the towns and villages Treatment Plant biological and chemically assisted around Dongqian Lake nutnent removal Vehicles 3 vehicles for DLIDC staff transport Truck (I 5 t), for sewer maintenance I Nr Provide transport for I Truck for maintenance Mimbus I Nr company staff and Coach I Nr improve efficiency of Car I Nr maintenance gangs Road construction Wideniiig and surfacing of existing New 6mii wide road 15 3 km Improved access to gravel roads and construction of new Widening and surfacing 18 I km penmeter of lake to surfaced roads around the penmeter of Nr of culverts 47 increase potential for the lake tounsm development Ningbo - Cicheng The Cicheng Town project sub-components relate to both wastewater and other urban environmental development. The proposed works are summarised in Table S.6. All works will be located in and around the old town area of Cicheng except for the pumping main transferring sewage from Cicheng to Ningbo (Jiangdongnanqu WVVWTP). S-1 I I \WB Consohdated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table S.6: Summary of Cicheng Sub-Components Component Description Capacity/size Function Trunk and Main and secondary sewers laid in PVC sewers, DN300 to DN400 10 0 km To improve water quality in secondary sewers roads in the old town to provide a RC sewers, DN500 to DN800 2 2 km the moats and watercourses of separate sewerage system, Total length of all pipelines 12 2 km the old city Intercepting sewage currently entering watercourses from the old city, and convey sewage to a transfer pumping station. Sewage transfer Construct new sewage pumping Transfer sewage from Cicheng pumping station and station adjacent to old town and Cicheng PS (new, Phase 1) 1 89/s(peak) to Jiangdongnan WWTP for pumping main transmission pipeline to head of RC pipe, DN 600 12 7 km treatment (assuming gravity trunk sewer m Jiangdongnan "centralised" WWTP catchment treatment option is adopted) Road Improvement Upgrade roads in the old town in Urban roads Total length of 12 3 km, with Improve access and safety for works accordance with the Master plan widths varying between 6 and 8 m 10 stone vehicles to specific areas of Work to include re-surfacing with bndges & 15 RC bndges, all spans 2 5 m the old town stone paving, removal of illegal Ring road Total length of 5 km, with width Resurfacing with stone paving structures obstructing traffic flow and of 13 m II RC bndges with spans from 15 to make roads more in keeping new bndges over new canals m to 25 m with histonc character of old Provide nng road and associated Note Roads widths include lanes for motor city bndges around the old town adjacent vehicles and cycles and footpaths to moat Restoration of Restoration of three of the histonc Canal length 5,950 m3 Restoration of canals intended canals canals within the old town Using Canal excavation 61,000 m3 to reinforce histonc character water from existing, under-utilised, RC canal walls and base 8,100 m3 of old town, improving reservoir using existing water attraction for tounsts conveyance nfirastructure [DRA has asked for further study to justify the feasibility of this component] Flood control works Dredging and widening of moat Excavate/dredge and dispose of 110,000 m3 Pnmary function -provide around old town and construction of of sediment (volume to be confinned) from protection for a I in 50 year flood prevention bunds 6 1 km of moat Construct landscaped flood flood event bund along both banks of moat Secondary function water quality and aesthetic improvements [DRA has asked for further study to justify the feasibility of this component] New flood pumping Construction of two new pumping 4 pumps of 302400 m3/d capacity Flood protection provided for stations stations, flood control gates and 30000m3 of embankment a I in 50 year storm 1740m long flood embankment [DRA has asked for further study to justify the feasibilhty of this componentl Details of the proposed roads in Cicheng are shown in Table S.7: S-12 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 dou/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table S.7: Proposed Roads in Cicheng Road Length Property Road No. Name of Road Remarks (m) Line (m) WVidth (m) I East Town Beltway (Ring Road) 1,600 18 7 Main Road (new) 2 South Town Beltway (Ring Road) 1,110 18 7 Main Road (new) 3 West Town Beltway (Ring Road) 1,200 18 7 Main Road (new) 4 North Town Beltway (Ring Road) 1,100 18 7 Main Road 5 Zhonghua Road 1,070 16 10 Existing Main Road 6 Jiefang Road 1,160 16 10 Existing Main Road 7 Minquan Road 1,480 8 3 5 8 Minsheng Road 1,340 8 3 5 9 Minzhu Road North 975 8 3 5 10 Minzhu Road South 405 12 7 0 11 Minzu Road and Taiyangdian Road 1,250 8 3 5 12 Shangzhi Road 1,160 12 7 0 Exist Secondaiy Road 13 Sanmin Road 670 12 7 0 Exist Secondary Road 14 Congzhuxiang East Road 720 12 7.0 Exist Secondary Road 15 Rixin Road 630 12 7 0 Exist Secondary Road 16 Guanghua Road 547 12 7.0 Exist Secondary Road 17 Taihu Road 936 8 3 5 Total 17,353 Technical Assistance The V/B considers it critical that institutions responsible for implementing and managing ZUEP sub- projects are equipped with the management and technical knowledge, skills and equipment necessary to carry out their mandates. A technical assistance (TA) needs assessment is scheduled and this will formr the basis for an institutional programme which will provide training and equipment to the provincial and city PIUs, Provincial and City EPBs, and the wastewater operating companies or departments. Project Benefits Public health projects like the ZUEP carry many general benefits to the citizens of the project cities. The project reports outline specific and quantified benefits in the areas of: * Public IHealth * Poverty Inpact * Improved Environmental Conditions * Reduction in Other Forms of Sanitation * Direct Economic Benefits (eg., landfill gas and energy, fisheries) * Improved Public Utility Services * Reduction in Flooding * Inproved Mobility from Roads S-13 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o Dredging Benefits to Canals o Tourism o Property and Rental Values o Recreation and Amenity o Employment Creation o Advancing Municipal Development Plans o Improved Surface Water Quality Other additional potential benefits might include: o Reduced risk of groundwater contamination in the service areas. o The impact of making realistic charges for wastewater services, should help to encourage waste minimisation at source, and internalise the costs of pollution control. o Amenity benefits to the population of project cities are likely to accrue as the quality of the adjacent rivers improve. This could include use of the river for recreational purposes and the development of riverside walks and parks for public use. Social Impacts Resettlement and compensation plans have been prepared and are covered in a separate "Resettlement Action Plan" (RAP). The final RAP has been prepared for the World Bank at the same time as this EA and the summary is shown in Table S.8. Table S.8: Project Affected Land Statistics Name of Household to Be Affected Area of Demolition/ Cost for Orientation for Component Resettled (nr) Population Removal Resettlement Resettlement (Persons) ('000 m2) (M yuan) Dongqian Lake 93 234 8.50 11 90 Within Dongqian Lake Town Cicheng 1994 4899 97 07 175.21 Cicheng new residential area South Jiangdong 120 366 13.00 48 00 Nearby WWTP Zhenhai WWTP 44 133 2.47 7.42 Nearby Shaoxing 1127 6833 63.00 107.10 New North, East and West Residential Areas Total 3328 12465 184 04 349 63 Environmental Impacts Potential construction phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. These construction impacts have been sorted according to their geographic location within the overall project scheme. Details of mitigation measures, the monitoring required to ensure that mitigation measures are effectively implemented, and responsibilities are provided in detailed charts. ZUEP PMOs will have S-14 I \WB Consobdated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment an ongoing responsibility to track and report the monitoring work of all the identified agencies, in addition to their own direct monitoring activities. The potential operational phase impacts are relatively minor and easily mitigated. Many of the concerns have been addressed in the course of the design of the wastewater collection and wastewater treatment facilities Details of mitigation measures, a programme for monitoring mitigation measures and responsibilities are provided in detailed charts. The economic analysis for ZUEP component projects indicates that they are needed and affordable for the population of the cities. This project is meeting a "backlog" need for environmental infrastructure and should not induce adverse extensive growth or secondary impacts. The present environmental problems are serious and the provision of this environmental infrastructure is necessary for current needs and to mitigate current problems. Future problems without the project would become even more critical. Mitigation and Monitoring Budget The capital budgets prepared for all ZUEP component projects include allowances for necessary laboratory construction and equipment. Using this equipment to perform the necessary and required testing by the utility is also included in the operations budget for the project. Environmental strengthening is considered a critical component of the ZUEP project and a detailed Technical Assistance (TA) programme is being developed to address the needs. This includes training in management and operations for the PMOs and the utility compames, in a wide variety of disciplines. These facilities and the traimng planned will greatly facilitate the monitoring of the environmental impact mitigation measures proposed. Furthermore, accomplishing the specified monitoring and reporting outlined in this mitigation plan will be greatly enhanced by the TA program. This TA program will also allow for improved overall performance assessment of the ZUEP programme relative to meeting the project objectives Despite the above facilities and training the conduct of the mitigation implementation and monitoring programme will require additional funding. Cost estimates to cover long-term enviromnental monitoring have been estimated. "Long-term" is defined as annual monitoring required to verify the environmental performance and other operational mitigation measures previously outlined. These mitigation monitoring costs are being added into the utility operational cost estimates. Costs for mitigation measures that relate to the management of construction will be included in the tender documents and responsibility passed on to the construction contractors. Table S.9 summarises the monitoring cost estimates. S-15 I \WB Consoiidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Table S.9: SPMO Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Costs Investment for Monitoring environmental mngmn e No. Sub-project Content management fee protection per year (lOOOOyuan) (lOOOOyuan) Hangzhou Landfill No 2 ?9 ?? ?? Shaoxing A - Rehabilitation of ?? ?9 ?? 2 Urban Watercourses and Urban Infrastructure Services Ningbo A - Zhenhai WWTP and ?? 7? ?? Sewerage Ningbo B - Jiangdongnanqu 97 ?? ?? South WWTP and Sewerage Ningbo C -Dongqian Lake "9 ?? 7? WWTP, Sewerage and Roads Ningbo D - Cicheng Town ?? ?? ?9 6 Infrastructure Upgrading, Including Sewerage, Channels and Roads Total investment for ?? ?? ?9 environmental protection Options Reviewed in Project Development The evaluation of options for individual water pollution control project components covered issues such as: o Sewerage System Interception Ratio o Pipe Materials o Interceptor Pipeline Construction o Number of Pump Stations and Pressure Mains o Number of WWTPs o WWTP Site Selection o Wastewater Flows and Capacity of the WWTPs o The Quality of Wastewater to be Treated o The Use of Septic Tanks o Treated Effluent Standards o The Degree of Treatment o Wastewater Treatment Options o WWTP Sludge Disposal The evaluation of options for solid waste management project components covered issues such as: S-16 I IWB Consolidated EA_250303 doc!  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment * Selection of Landfill as Preferred Disposal Option * Selection of Landfill Site * Selection of Landfill Layout at Tianziling * Leachate Control and Extraction * Containment of the Existing Landfill * Leachate Collection at Landfill Bottom * Proposed Grout Curtain under the Rock Fill Dam * Leachate Collection within Landfill 2 * Embankment Surface Run-off and Leachate Collection Ditch * Diversion of Surface Water Flows from Landfills * Leachate Quantity and Storage * Landfill Gas Extraction and Use * Leachate Treatment Options were also evaluated for other project components including: * Dredging - need, procedures, transport, disposal, etc. * Road - routes, road capacity and sizing, construction materials, water quality controls, noise mitigation, etc. In addition to the evaluation of alternatives, the "no project" alternative was assessed for all categories of component proj ects. Public Participation in the EA During the 9-month project development time leading up to pre-appraisal and this EA, there have been many meetings with the city PMOs, utility companies, city EPBs and other affected city organisations to discuss the proposed projects and environmental assessments. These meetings have occurred monthly at a minimum and have resulted in full collaboration with local officials and full support of the project and the EA process. It is estimated that in total 20-30 meetings have been held with the public and over 40 meetings have been held with local government officials during the development of the projects. Symposiums At the symposiums with the experts and the officials, the project scopes are introduced; EIA outlines reviewed, comments and suggestion heard through approaches of discussing and consulting the environment management policies and potential environment impacts in relation to the project, so as to improve the EIA work. Public Surveys In light of the structural features in the local areas, the Public Participation Questionnaires were distributed to the units, residents and community commnittees, explaining the environmental, social and economnic benefits of the project, potential advantageous and disadvantagcous influences the project may bring about to the regional environment quality, human bodily health and so on, and S-17 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment requesting for their comments and suggestions concerning the issues of environment protection related to the project. The many meetings with public officials in the province coupled with the surveys of public support show that these projects are extremely positive and well received by the public. No objections have been received by the city PMO's and there is no indication that there is anyone that is not is support of these projects or would try to stop their completion. Public Consultation The public consultation process is underway. Improved Surface Water Quatity, ZUEP Cities and Basin Hangzhou As described in Chapter 4, the leachate from the existing and proposed landfills has been intercepted and is now treated by the Hangzhou WWTP. The interception of this leachate was accomplished in 2001, and resulted in only modest water quality improvements to the Yanshan River. This is due to the fact that the Yanshan River is seriously polluted by other industrial sources upstream of the previous discharge location of the landfill. Shaoxing The Shaoxing city government has stated that as part of their planned improvements to the urban infrastructure and historic areas of the city it is their aim to have clean, clear water running through the canals in order to improve the local environment and amenity for both residents and tourists Hence, various water quality improvement measures have been proposed for inclusion in ZUEP in order to help achieve this objective. On their own these measures will not be sufficient. For example, after the proposed ZUEP components are completed further canal water quality improvements will only occur as sewerage coverage is extended across the whole city and the quality of the moat water, used to flush the canals, is improves. However, theses ongoing environmental improvements elsewhere in Shaoxing City do not form part of ZUEP. The environmnental improvements included in the Shaoxing municipality planning up to the year 2005, which will result in an improvement in the water quality in the waters around Shaoxing and thus assist in improving water quality in the inner canal system include: o Sanjiang WWTP with capacity of 300Mld completed in 2001. A further 200Mld expansion is under construction and scheduled for operation by 2004. o Expansion of sewerage system with 80km of pipeline and 21 pumping stations. The trunk sewerage system will be completed in 2003. o Prevention of sewage discharges entering the outer moat. O According to the Shaoxing master plan it is intended to expand the sewerage coverage m Shaoxing City from 65% in 2000 to 80% in 2005 and 90% by 2020 Ningbo S-18 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment The DRA has carried out modelling of the whole Yongjiang river catchment, with the aim of assessing the likely water quality in the rivers following the implementation of the wastewater treatment proposals The modelling examined several scenarios: * No Action. Assessing the effect of increased population and development on water quality if no measures are taken to manage pollution, looking at 2005, 2010, and 2020 horizons. * WWTP construction in accordance with Ningbo Master Plan (NMP) and ZUEP component Feasibility Study Reports (FSR). Assuming that the effluent meets and where likely betters Class II standard. Sewage from outlying towns (Cicheng & Dongqian Lake) to be pumped to Ningbo for centralised treatment. * WWTP Effluent to Class I Standard. Full secondary treatment with nutrient removal. * WWTP with Distributed treatment. As the second scenario but Cicheng and Dongqian will have their own local WWTPs discharging to Class II. * Industrial Discharges all meeting Class II. The effect of ensuring that all industrial discharges comply with a Class II industrial discharge consent. (This option only considers a small number of Discharges in Central Ningbo and Zhenhai cities) From this analysis it can be concluded that the construction of the planned works at Jlangdongnan, Zhenhai, Dongqian Lake and elsewhere, together with the existing plant at Jiangdongbei and the planned sewerage at Cicheng will result in significant improvements in water quality m the Yongjiang catchment. Total Pollutants Removed Table S.10 provides a summary of the total pollutant load reduction calculated by ZEPRI: Table S.10: Organic Load Reduction and Environmental Benefits for Surface Waters Name of Organic Load Reduction (tla) Environmental Benefits for Surface Waters Components CODcr BODs NH3-N TP South Jiangdong 7008 5256 292 17 7 WQ of Sanjiangkou section of Fenghua River WWTP mects Category [Vwater functional objective Zhenhai WWTP 1971 1314 109 5 21.9 Inner-district rivers meets Category IV Dongqiang Lake Comp. (176 3) (88.14) (19.59) (3.92) Reaching functional targets of Category Il/III Cicheng Comp. (1252) (894) (72.9) (14 6) WQ of canals in Cicheng meets Category III water functional objective Shaoxing Comp (2830) (1213) (780) (46 6) WQ of canals in Shaoxing meets Categbry IV water functional objective Hangzhou No 2 Hangzhou No 2 8212 2956 821 1 87 Landfill _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Total 17191 9526 1222.5 41.47 Note In the table, the organic load reduction by Dongqian Lake rehabilitation, Cicheng environment improvement and Shaoxing urban upgrading subprojects refer to the corresponding pollutant reduction due to wastewater being collected into sewerage and transmitted to municipal WWTP for treatment. The above reductions are not taken into account in the total reduction to avoid repeated calculation. Conclusions and Recommendations S-19 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o The environmental conditions are serious and the environmental infrastructure needs of Zhejiang Province are high, and expanding rapidly. o The ZUEP projects have emerged from a basin-wide prioritisation process, are well formulated, and have detailed and complete preliminary designs and cost estimates. o There is good public support for the projects based on meetings in the project cities and public opinion surveys. O The proposed projects can meet financial and economic tests of sustainability and are affordable to the local citizens. o Social impacts, consisting mainly of land acquisition and resettlement, are addressed by a detailed RAP, and, in any case, are not significantly adverse. o The potential environmental benefits of the Phase ZUEP projects are large, as reported in the previous sections. However, there are significant additional point and non-point water quality controls necessary, along with hydrologic needs to maintain minimum stream-flows, before the surface water quality goals can be realised in the Province. o Potential construction and operational phase impacts of the proposed ZUEP projects have been adequately assessed and no major issues have been identified. Detailed mitigation and monitonng procedures have been prepared which should adequately lessen the overall effect of these potential impacts. Monitoring costs have been included for this work and assignrments detailed. o The recommendations included herein by NEPRI in the Component EAs and ZEPRI in the Consolidated EA are rational and should be considered in the design and construction of these projects. o The overall conclusion is that the potential positive impacts are large, the potential negative construction and operation impacts can be successfully mitigated, and the projects contain no serious problems or "fatal flaws" in its formulation. The project components are essentially environmentally positive and should be approved. S-20 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Figure S.1: Proposed ZUEP Project Components - March 2003 Proposed ZUEP Project Components - March 2003 1~~~ :- - . C w u . i , .:> ,- .*a - --t - p - ' K,-,.. - - . .I., _ . .,. .b. _* , -: i,_ _ ,-.,,,. -;* ' -V--- ;-rz L .n, 1l-_a . .~~~~~~~~~~~~7 . : ~; ,:. SU2HOU *.. , ,_ '-'t- ,, - ;-- j .; i . . _ r, - i,, . - -; ) 1 - 25 1 ?--. ;S-I -. Cf'S 5 s ... ., -- -e -, 1 ~~. / ? ]* ..-.'fZ..2Hu ri~~~~~~~ 0.:. i;tt!>~ sor ,, 1 s , c, ! . . - ., cfr _ ;1 ; Roads rNint gbo-.Ii - / ~~~~~~~ ri ,2~.,.j ,| - l 1 / .. \ < 2T [ar:dbCI I Chamrinril Rrnsront;wl | RCanne Roslotianl \ s dAlJtlas, Ro,,dI Jnrmgrfnogr anqu w'#TP SwtC.oV.qo Sowlai 0/t - SrJ.vSrage S-21 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc!  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment I GnWroduction 1.1 Zhejiang Urban Environment Project (ZUEP) Background In November 1999, an agreement was reached between the Government of PRC and the World Bank, that the proposed Zhejiang Urban Environmental Project (ZUEP) be in the Bank's three-year lending program for a loan of about US$115 million. It is currently proposed that the loan application be presented to the Bank's Board in time to allow loan effectiveness early in FY04. The project is intended to strengthen the collection and treatment of wastewater; the disposal of municipal and solid wastes; to improve the urban infrastructures services including the rehabilitation of inner waterways, lakes and roads; and conservation of cultural heritage in the cities of Hangzhou, Ningbo, and Shaoxing. The locations of the project components are shown in Figure 1.1. (All EA figures at end of chapters) The ZUEP envisages the following environmental improvements: o Hangzhou. The Hangzhou proposals include the construction of a new solid waste landfill with a capacity of 22.10 million cubic metres. o Ningbo. The Ningbo proposals include the construction of three new wastewater treatment facilities with a total capacity of 220,000 m3/d, construction, expansion and rehabilitation of the sewerage network, rehabilitation of nner-city watercourses, Dongqianhu Lake clean-up and development, and infrastructure upgrading in Cicheng town. o Shaoxing. Shaoxing proposals include the rehabilitation of urban watercourses, upgrading of urban infrastructure services and conservation of historic sites and buildings in five areas of the Old City. In addition to the physical works, the project will promote and facilitate institutional and financial reforms in wastewater and solid waste management sub-sectors. In order to support these reforms, the project will also provide technical assistance for capacity building within the various project implementing and operating entities. The ZUEP is a follow-up project to the ongoing Zhejiang Multi-Cities Development Project, which was focused on water supply, urban infrastructure upgrading and land development. Zhejiang Urban Development Project Office (ZUDPO) and the respective municipal project management offices (PMOs) will be responsible for the preparation and implementation of ZUEP. China Water Resources Context The following summary information on water pollution has been obtained from the World Bank 2001 report entitled "China: Air Land Water" and provides a contextual background to the ZUEP. The general characteristics of the resource in China include: great overall volume, imbalanced spatial- temporal distribution, lower volume of the water resources per capita and unit-cultivated land and the serious water deficiency in some areas especially the northern areas. In China, inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate are main factors causing contamination of the near shore coastal water body with higher oil concentration rates that exceed the standards in some areas. The latest monitoring shows that water quality in near shore coastal areas continues to deteriorate as a result of inorganic nitrogen contamination, with 60.3% of the areas exceeding the standard of I class in 2000. The arithmetic average value has exceeded the standard of IV class, and the rate of exceeding 1-1 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 docl  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment I class standard was 55.8%, led by active phosphate concentration. The oil pollution in part of the sea area was also serious with the highest value appearing in the coastal areas of Sanya, Panjin, Zhuhai, and Hulu island and some of the samples exceeded the I class sea water standard by over 10 times. The water quality of the near shore coastal areas remained mostly over IV class (31% of total monitoring quantity) as a result of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate, which have lead to contamnnation. If compared with the other major marine areas, the water quality of the East China Sea contained the highest rate of over IV class (45.6%) and the rate in South Chlna Sea, Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea were 28.6%, 24.5% and 22.2%. The South China Sea contains the highest rate of I class (30.6% of the total monitoring quantity), then it's Yellow Sea, which was 22.2%, Bohai Sea (15.1%) and East China Sea (7.0%). Among various pollution sources, the amount of wastewater discharge and COD from industrial pollution source are declining, but the total amount of wastewater discharge is still very large, and the level of wastewater treatment is still quite low which have constituted the major reason for pollution of the water body. The amount of urban sewage discharge is increasing every year and the percentage of the urban sewage treatment is very low, although it increases every year. The rational distribution of water amount m the watershed and the comprehensive treatment of water pollution is an urgent need and the water pollution treatment in the watershed is an important part for future efforts. The problem of rural surface pollution is also bcing realised, and more difficulties will be addressed in the future during the Tenth Five-year period. In recent years, the waste water and COD discharge from the township and village industnal enterprises (TVIEs) is declining, but due to its great impact on the local water quality, plus the small scale and sparse distribution of the TVEEs and its management, and difficulty in supervision, it will be among the important part for China's future efforts in water pollution prevention and control. Aiming at the main problems of water pollution prevention in China, the new strategy of water pollution prevention in the future in China will be mainly as follows: * To further enhance industrial pollution controls and reduces industrial pollutant discharge. * To speed up the construction of urban sewage treatment plants and reduce the pollution on the environment caused by domestic sewage. * To conduct comprehensive pollution treatments in river basins so as to solve the water problems in trans-jurisdiction areas. * To carry out study and monitor on rural non-point source pollution and control the water pollution caused by agriculture production activities and night soils of poultry farms. * To keep enhancing the control on TVIEs by restructuring the industrial structure and other policies m order to prevent the rebounding of pollution caused by TVIEs. * To carry out water conservation strategy and total pollutant load control. The major measures include: water conservation and water pollution control at the sources; to implement total pollutant load control in important industrial sectors and reduce the pollutant discharge efficiently; to focus on environmental quality in controlling water pollution in nver basins and conduct total pollutant load control; to promote pollution discharge permit system for the important pollution sources and to conduct total pollutant load control in the whole production process. 1-2 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 1.1.1 Surface Water Pollution in Zhejiang Province Pursuant to the Communique 2000 of Zhejiang Environment Status (Zhejiang EPB, 2000), the environmental protection, society and economy has been developed in a coordinated way in Zhejiang Province; the tasks of "one control and two meeting-standard's" has been accomplished on schedule; the urban environment comprehensive rehabilitation, which focused on infrastructure development, has been deepened continually; the policy has been constantly implemented of paying equal attention to pollution control and ecosystem protection, new achievements have been obtained in the construction of natural preserved areas and ecological protection areas and the environmental rehabilitation in rural areas have been launched. The monitoring data of 2000 disclose that basically, the water quality of mainstreams in the province was marginally acceptable, but there were areas polluted at different degrees existing in some tributaries, and river sections passing through cities and towns; pollution was still severe in canals, river systems in the plain and city's inner rivers, and lakes were highly eutrophic. The feature of water body pollution was of organic pollution type. Main pollution indicators were permanganate index, BOD, non-ionic ammonia, volatile phenol and oils. The measures adopted and activities conducted in 2000 were as follows: o Completion of Treating Major Wastewater Point-Sources. Provincially controlled 860 point-sources, with 722 point sources (including 352 nationally controHed) completing treatment, and the remamnig 138 having shut down. O Water Pollution Control Achievements Solidified in Hlangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou Cities. The regulation was implemented that industrial pollution sources should discharge wastewater after achieving the discharge standards. Substantial progress was made in construction of municipal wastewater treatment projects, control of agricultural non-point sources pollution, control of ship pollution, waterway dredging, small catchment improvement, urban domestic rubbish disposal without harmful effects; the work was solidified in prohibiting phosphorus and "white pollution"; and ecological construction was strengthened. 1.1.2 Pollution Status of Offshore Sea Area of Zhejiang Province In 2000, Zhejiang's offshore sea areas (within 12 sea mile stretching outward from territorial sea baseline) were still seriously polluted, most of environmental function zones having not met the requirements of protection objectives. The pollution degree was to the front of the coastal provinces (autonomous region and municipalities at provincial level). Because the active phosphate and non- organic nitrogen exceeded the standard limits seriously, the water quality of over 70% offshore seawaters was Category IV or worse. There was no Category I seawater. In local sea areas, especially in northem Zhejiang sea areas, the rates of Pb, Hg and COD exceeding standard were somewhat high. Influenced by pollution, the diversity index of organisms and quantities of food organisms present a decline tendency; the changes of benthic communities are obvious in Hangzhou Bay and Nmgbo- Zhoushan sea area; red tides frequently occur in the whole sea area. The measures adopted and activities conducted in sea area pollution abatement in Zhejiang offshore area were below (in 2000): 1-3 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment * The Sea Environmental Protection Law Enforced: The revised Sea Environmental Protection Law of PRC was put into effect on April 1, 2000. Zhejiang province began to enforce the revised Law, focusing on the control of land-based pollutants and on the environmental protection work for the construction of projects on the seashore. The systems of ETA and "Three Same-time's" [EP facilities shall be designed, constructed and put to use with engineering projects at the same time] are strictly implemented for the construction of projects, such as new, extension and upgrading engineering projects on the seashore, industrial projects discharging wastewater directly to the sea, as well as oil depots, ports, docks, etc. For 100% of the middle- and large-sized projects, the two systems are implemented. * Various Sea-related Agencies Jointly Discuss Red Tide Abatement Program: To strengthen the red tide prevention and treatment work, sponsored by Zhejiang Ocean and Fishery Administration, the red tide research agency of the state, and the sea and aquatic products bureaus of cities/counties in Zhejiang are organized to specifically study the red tide prevention and treatment. 1.1.3 Pollution Control Action Plan of Zhejiang Provincial Government From 1996 to 2000, GDP and per capita GDP annually mcreased by 11% and 10.5% respectively, and the urbanisation level grew by 6.9 percentage points. The environmental protection cause is being developed in a coordinated way with the society and economy. The environment quality is evolving from the overall deterioration and partial improvement five years ago, to basic control of the deterioration, and some cities and areas are much improved. The environment protection has made positive contributions to the continual, rapid and healthy development of the economy in Zhejiang Province. In the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan, the economy in Zhejiang is planned for fast growth, the progress of industrialisation will be accelerated, and energy demands will rise continually. In the near future, the energy structure cannot be changed fundamentally. The task of industrial pollution abatement is quite hard. In addition, the progress of urbanisation is further speeded up, urban population gathering densely, generation of domestic wastewater and rubbish increasing by a big margin, tail gas pollution of vehicles becoming more outstanding, and the pressure of urban environmental infrastructure demand being heavier and heavier. Moreover, along with the economic development in rural areas and improvement of living standards of farmers, the countryside and natural ecosystems will surely face heavier pressure. If no effective measures are adopted, the development of the economy and society in Zhejiang province will be restrained, and the health of the people threatened. Dunng the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan the main actions of pollution control are planned as the following: 1. Strict control of total amount of industrial pollutant discharge, and active promotion of industrial restructuring: * Improving environmental management regulations and industrial pollution control system. On the principle of total amount control, strictly control new pollution sources, actively promote centralized pollution treatment, reform and improve the regulations of paid pollutant discharge and pollutant discharge permit issuance, establishing an industrial pollution control system which basically fits the development of market-based economy. 1-4 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o Enhancing economic restructuring, and optimising layout of industnes. Expedite restructuring of industries and products, and guide the construction of industrial parks and centralized pollution treatment by means of regional planning to basically solve the problems of regional and structural pollution; speed up readjustment of energy structure. o Overall introduce cleaner production in industrial enterprises. Actively promote cleaner production in industrial enterprises, carry out certifications of ISO 14000 environmental management and environment-friendly products, and push the pilot work of ecological industrial parks. o Strengthen supervision, improve and solidify the achievement of industrial pollution source discharges allowable by the standards. Dynamic reporting regulations of enterprise's pollution discharge are enforced; industrial dynamic monitoring systems are gradually being developed. o Pay close attention to pollution abatement in major industries. Stress pollution control in major industries, such as power generation, metallurgy, chemical industry, pharmacy, construction materials, light industries, etc., promoting regional environment improvement through pollution abatement in the mdustries. 2. Further comprehensive renovation of urban environment to improve urban environmental quality: o Accelerate urban environment planning to improve environmental functions of cities. O Speed up the construction of urban environmental infrastructure. In the 11 cities where the municipal governments are seated, in the cities and counties m Hangzhou, Jiaxing and Huzhou municipalities in the catchment of Taihu Lake, as well as in other major counties/cities, wastewater treatment facilities and sewerage have been or will be built up. The dredgmg and using of the Grand Canal (Hangzhou section), West Lake, and the projects of Ningbo inner rivers renovation and comprehensive water environment improvement in Shaoxing old city will be implemented. The construction and improvement of a batch of projects concerning domestic solid waste collection, treatment and disposal will be expedited. 3. Strengthen environmental protection and construction in rural areas and small towns: o Speed up construction of wastewater treatment projects in central towns. o Strictly control industrial pollution of town-/township-owned enterprises. o Strengthen agricultural non-point source pollution control, stressing on plain river system region. 4. Further strengthen environmental protection in catchments and offshore sea areas: o Carry out planning management of water quality in the catchments all over the province; work out Zhejiang Oceanic Environmental Protection Planning, strictly control the kinds and total amounts of pollutants entering the sea, and speed up the capacity building of oceanic environment monitoring and warning & forecasting systems. 5. Push the natural ecosystem preservation and construction: o Speed up construction of ecological counties/cities, and towns/townships as well as towns with beautiful environment. o Overall carry out the ecological preservation strategies for special ecological function zones, major resource development zones and good ecological zones. 6. Investment for environmental protection: 1-5 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment * Toward goal of the sustainable development of society and economy in Zhejiang, and build up environment conditions, the estimated environment protection investment would be 66 billion yuan during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan. Accordant to the spirit of Outline of the Tenth Five-year Plan for Development of Economy and Society in Zhejiang, Zhejiang Development Planning Commission and Zhejiang Environmental Protection Bureau worked out the Tenth Five-year Plan for Environmental Protection in Zhejiang, which included the provincial environmental objectives as below: * by 2005, the systems of environmental protection policies, regulations and management, which are suitable to the development of economy and society in the province, as well as those of controlling total pollutant discharge amount will have been initially established in the province; * tendency of environmental pollution and ecosystem destruction in the province effectively controlled; * environment quality much improved m major cities and regions; * province will manage to take the lead in the country in setting up a benign ecological environment system meeting the requirements of sustainable development, and try its best to go ahead in the environmental protection work in the country. Main indicators are listed below: * The water-quality-meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) should be raised by 5-10 per cent points in the eight river systems, such as the Qiantang, Cao'e, Yongjiang, Jiaojiang, Oujlang, Feiyun, Aojlang and Tiaoxi rivers; * The water-quality-meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) should be raised by 5-10 per cent points in Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou region, which belongs to the catchment of Taihu Lake, and in the river systems in the plain with water quality seriously polluted; * The water-quality-meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) of lakes and reservoirs should be over 70%; * The main water quality indicators should be effectively controlled in the offshore sea areas according to the functional zoning requirements, and improved year by year; * By 2005, the discharge amounts of SO2, dusts (smoke dust and industrial ash), COD, NH3-N, industrial solid wastes and other main pollutants should be 10% less than those of 2000; * The surface water quality meeting-the-standard rates (on the basis of functional zoning) should be 100% in Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wenzhou, Shaoxmg and other major environmental protection cities; * The centralised urban wastewater treatment rates should be more than 53%; the centralised municipal domestic wastewater treatment rates should be more than 45%, especially, those of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou should reach over 60%; * The rates of urban domestic rubbish treatment without hannful effects should be more than 90%, especially, those of Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou should amount to 97% or more, and the reuse rates of urban rubbish should be 30% in the cities of the province; * The public green surface per capita should be over 8 square meters in cities. In the planning built-up areas in cities, the green surface rates should reach above 30%, and landscape coverage rates over 35%. 1-6 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment The objectives of ZUEP are consistent with the environmental objectives of the Tenth Five-year Plan, and they are closely related with each other. The implementation of ZUEP will vigorously raise the levels of central wastewater treatment rates and disposal of domestic rubbish treatment without harmful effects; treating and reducing wastewater pollutant loads will help realize the control objectives of total pollutant discharge amounts; effectively controlling the environmental pollution tendency and meeting the standard of surface water during the period of the Tenth Five-year Plan. The appearances, styles and grades of the project cities can be much upgraded through environmental rehabilitation and water environment quality improvement, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the province in the future. 1.1.4 Zhejiang Urban Environment Project (ZUEP) and the World Bank The background and overall World Bank policies related to the urban environment in China are reported in the China Urban Environmnent Service report of December 1994. Table 1.1 gives a brief summary of the key issues and challenges, as presented in this report: Table 1.1: Environmental Background Problems, China (1994) Key Issue Items of Concern Water Demand High per capita water demand and new strategies must accord with reformed market organisation of the economy and rely more on price to guide enterprise and consumer choices Current demand policy sets quotas for industrial water use and recyclmg but Chinese industries are consuming far above international best practice levels. There is a reported very low unaccounted-for-water (Ufw) of 8.4%, which is questionable compared to reported pipe breakage rates and pipe joint quality. Current water prices are far below the level required to encourage water conservation. Wastewater treatment Present low treatment coverage and design and management problems. All cities should expand the sewerage coverage for a minimum 90% of the built- up areas within five years. Medium and large cities should provide a minimum of primary WWTP in a phased 1 0-year programme. Industrnal Wastewater Only 4.5% of industrial wastewater is treated but EPBs report that 50% of the mdustnal wastewater meets effluent standards, which is seemingly inconsistent or indicative of inadequate discharge standards and enforcement. Solid Waste Landfills are poorly controlled and the provision of adequately engineered and managed landfills would provide the largest smgle improvement in solid waste ______ _____ _____ handling in Chmna. Environmental The chief management obstacle is the significant gaps in regulatory control and Management problems in implementation of existing regulations. A combmation of infrequent momtonng and low fines for violations encourages non-compliance. Incentives for cost savings are much stronger than incentives for strong environmental performance. Tariffs Tanffs should be designed to allow full cost recovery. China has adopted the "polluter pays" principle but price setting is still politicised. Financial arrangements to cover operations cost shall be established. Affordability There does not appear to be a general affordability issue but the urban poor (probably 0.5% of the population) need to be protected from cost of living increases. 1-7 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doct  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment The Zhejiang Urban Environment Project (ZUEP) is also a key element of China's Agenda 21 programme. The sector-related goal for the project is: * Improve quality of water and other environmental conditions in Zhejiang Province by providing environmental infrastructure operated in a sustainable manner The ZUEP Component objectives are to: * Upgrade surface and marine water quality * Establish performing and efficient wastewater agencies. * Improve existing water resource systems for improved water uses and for tourism. * Enhance solid waste management operations. * Improvement of the quality of life of residents of Ningbo, Shaoxing and Hangzhou. To accomplish this goal and objectives, the outputs for the project components are as follows: * Increase in municipal wastewater collection in Ningbo and Shaoxing. * Increase in quantity of wastewater treatment in Ningbo. * Implementation of cost-recovery for wastewater operations in Ningbo. * Increase in rate and long-term disposal of solid waste in Hangzhou. * Enhance tourism through improved surface waters and urban environmental improvements. * Implementation of cultural conservation in conjunction with upgrading and redevelopment in Shaoxing * Reduction of the impacts of flooding in Cicheng 1.1.5 EA Production The EIA Centre of Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design (ZEPRI) was responsible for compilation of the consolidated EIA report of ZUEP. Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design, Ningbo Municipal Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design and the EIA Research Institute of Zhejiang University respectively prepared the component EIA reports.Founded in 1977, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science and Design (ZEPRI) is a comprehensive and professional environmental science research and design institute in Zhejiang Province, being the only one at provincial level. There is a staff of more than 200 in the institute, and 90 percent of which are professionals; There are 53 persons holding EIA certificates, 2 persons having doctor degrees, and 15 persons having master degrees. There are 3 professors, 14 senior engineers, and 34 engineers as well. The institute is one of the agencies in China that undertook EIA work early (in 1985). Having passed the examnination of the National Environmental Protection Bureau, the institute holds Grade 1 EIA Certificate (National Environmental Assessment Certificate Grade 1, NO. 2003). It has a broad scope of professions: the disciplines such as surface water, ground water, seawater, air, noise, solid wastes, ecosystem, soil and water conservation, economy, health, etc., the assessed projects like light industry, textile industry, chemical fibre industry; construction, municipal works; chernical industry, petrochemical industry, drug industry; marine and coastal engineenng, regional development, communication and transportation, machine building industry, electric industry, water conservancy, hydropower, etc. The institute is one of the four environmental science research institutes in the 1-8 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment country that have EIA qualifications for the most industries. The institute was awarded title of National Advanced Unit for Constructional Project EIA by the National EPB. Table 1.2 provides details of the ZUEP EA preparation agencies. Table 1.2: Component ElAs and Assessing Agencies ZUEP EIA Report Prepared By: Consolidated EIA of ZUEP Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design (National EA Certificate Grade 1 No. 2003) EIA for South Jiangdong WWTP of Ningbo Ningbo Municipal Institute of Enviromnental EIA for Zhenhai WWTP and Sewerage of Ningbo Protection Science & Design (National EA EIA for Dongqian Lake Rehabilitation of Ningbo Certificate Grade 1 No. 2004) EIA for Cicheng Town Environmental Improvement of Nmgbo Shaoxing Urban Infrastructure Upgrading Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design (National EA Certificate Grade 1 No. 2003) EIA for Hangzhou No. 2 Landfill The EIA Research Institute of Zhejiang University (National EA Certificate Grade I No. 2002) and Zhejiang Provuicial Institute of Environmental Protection Science & Design (National EA Certificate Grade 1 No. 2003) 1.2 Description of the Study Area 1.2.1 Economy of Zhejiang Province The economic situation of Zhejiang and project cities is shown in Table 1.3. Table 1.3: Economic Situation of Project Cities and Province GDP Financial Revenue GDP per capita (Billion yuan) (Billion yuan) (yuan) Hangzhou 138.256 14.285 22 342 Ningbo 117.575 14.315 21 786 Shaoxing 77.976 4.787 18 042 Province 603.634 65.842 13 461 Zhejiang Province is one of the most important eastern coastal provinces in China and is an integral component of the Yangtze Economic Zone with an effective hinterland of 200 to 300 million people, and is adjacent to Shanghai Municipality and the provinces of Jiangsu and Anhui. The region forms one of the largest concentrations of international trade and commerce in the Asia-Pacific region. The province covers an area of 101,800 km2 (1% of the national total), and includes 24 cities, 25 districts and 39 counties. In 2000, the total population was about 45 mnillion in 2000 (3.5% of national total), of whom 22% are classified as urban (non-agricultural) and 78% as rural. Since 1985, the population growth rate has averaged 0.7% per year, with an average urban growth rate of 3.2% per 1-9 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doct  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment year, which has risen to about 4.5% per year in the late 1990s. The rural growth rate was 0.2% per year - indicating a clear trend in rural-urban migration. Based on its strategic location and favourable climate, Zhejiang has developed a strong industrial sector, flourishing international trade and a prosperous agricultural base. Provincial gross domestic product (GDP) has mireased seven-fold in current prices over the last decade from RMB 89.8 billion (US$ 18.8 billion, at US$ I = RMB 4.78 equivalent) in 1990, to RMB 352.5 billion (US$ 42.2 billion, at US$ 1 = RMB 8.35) in 1995, and RMB 603.6 billion (US$ 72.9 billion, at US$ I = RMB 8.28) in 2000. Average growth in real terms has been impressive, with average annual growth rates of 7.6% between 1985 and 1990, 19.1% from 1990 to 1995, and 11% from 1995 to 2000. Over the last three years, growth has been 7.5% in 1998, 8% in 1999 and 11% in 2000. The main engines of growth are the industrial sector (48% of GDP) and the tertiary sectors (29%). In this context, the rapid expansion of export-oriented development zones has been a major stimulus to the provincial economy. Total foreign trade has increased significantly, registering US$32.8 billion in 2001, compared with US$27.9 billion in 2000 and US$ 18.3 billion in 1999. Exports account for 70% of foreign trade, of which manufactured goods account for 90%. Over the last 15 years, Zhejiang's per capita GDP has increased nearly 13-fold in current pnces, from RMB 1,063 (US$ 362) in 1985, to RMB 2,122 (US$ 443) in 1990, RMB 8,087 (US$ 970) in 1995 and RMB 13,461 (US$ 1,625) in 2000. Historically, these figures have risen much faster than the national average, from being 20% above in 1985 to nearly 70% above in 1995 and nearly double the national average in 2000. Surveys undertaken by the Provincial Statistics Bureau indicate that average per capita disposable income in 2000 was RMB 9,279 (US$ 1,120) in urban areas and RMB 5,325 (US$ 645) in rural areas. In terms of household income, these values are equivalent to a monthly income of RMB 2,320 (US$ 280) in urban areas and RMB 1,330 (US$ 160) in rural areas - both assuming three (3) persons per household. In 1995, urban disposable income was assessed at RMB 6,221 (US$ 745) per capita or RMB 1,555 (US$ 185) per month per household. Zhejiang Province is also rich in tourism resources, which provide another platform for growth. In 2000, recorded domestic visitors totalled 58.7 million spending a total of RMB 43 billion (US$ 5.2 billion) or RMB 730 per visitor, and 1.13 million foreign visitors spending an estimated US$ 410 million or US$ 360 per visitor. The expansion of the provincial tounsm market is expected to continue with increasing disposable incomes, rising recreational expenditure, improving transport and hotel infrastructure, and tourist facilities. The impressive economic growth of the last 10 to 15 years and the resulting structural transformation has resulted in rapid urbanisation, rising real incomes, a sustamed construction boom and increasing pressure on basic infrastructure and public services. In the environmental context, this has resulted in significant challenges to reduce and control increasing levels of water and air pollution in the main urban areas like Hangzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing, Wenzhou and others. The next five to ten years hold significant challenges for the provincial economy. The challenges include: * Maintain hlgh rates of economic growth and continue the improvement in living standards. * Continue the development of the open-market system and deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises. 1-10 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o Sustain high levels of investment in infrastructure and modem support facilities, including high-tech industries. This will include the construction of two major bridges across Hangzhou Bay by 2006, which will improve transport communications with Jiangsu Province and Shanghai. o Promote further foreign investment. O Create new employment opportunities through the continuing diversification and modemisation of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. o Strengthen sustainable development through increased investment in environmental protection and pollution reduction, coupled with more effective resource conservation policies. The main economic objectives and targets of the 10th Five-Year Plan for Zhejiang Province are as follows: o Population is expected to reach about 46.5 million by 2005 at an average growth rate of 0.6% per year o Urban development will be sustained and improved through continuing modernisation and infrastructure investment, including significant improvements in environmental quality and pollution reduction. o Gross domestic product (GDP) is projected to grow at 9% per year, reaching RMB 820 billion (US$ 99 billion) in 2005 at constant 2000-pnces o Per capita GDP is forecast to rise from RMB 13,461 (US$ 1,625) in 2000 to RMB 20,000 (US$ 2,415) in constant prices, reflecting an average growth rate of 8.3% per year. o Average disposable per capita income is projected to increase in real terns at 5% per year, reaching RMB 11,850 (US$ 1,430) in urban areas and RMB 6,800 (US$ 820) in remainder o Total fixed investment is forecast to rise by 11 % per year in real terms to reach RMB 250 billion (US$ 30 billion) by 2005, of which an increasing proportion is expected to be invested in environmental protection especially in urban areas. Hangzhou Hangzhou is the capital and largest city in Zhejiang Province. Hangzhou Municipality (HM) covers a total area of 16,600 km2 (16% of the provincial total), and mcludes eight districts within the city and five surrounding counties. The city itself is one of the key historical, cultural and scenic centres in China, with a history stretching back more than 2,200 years. Hangzhou commands an important geographic location on the northern bank of Qiantang River at the apex of Hangzhou Bay. The area is criss-crossed by a number of other rivers, minor waterways and the famous West Lake, which add to the city's reputation as a major tourist destination for domestic and foreign visitors. Hangzhou is also at the centre of the province's transportation networks, with important modem road and rail connections to the major ports of Shanghai and Ningbo, an international airport and the Grand Canal that is navigable northwards to Beijing. In 2001, the City and the Municipality had populations of 3.7 million and 6.2 million. These figures account for 8% and 14% respectively of the provincial population. The core city has a population of some 2.5 million in 6 districts, but was expanded to 3.7 million in 2001 with the inclusion of Xiaoshan and Yuhang Districts. Hanghzou Municipality consists of 8 districts, 3 county-level cities and 2 counties. The city has been growing at about 3% per year. Population growth, rising income and expectations is challenging the municipal authorities to upgrade and improve infrastructure facilities, 1-11 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment and to address the pressing problems of pollution (air, water and solid waste) in order to preserve the city's reputation as a major tourist destination and a model Chinese city. The tourism industry deserves special mention, because of Hangzhou's status as a major national tourist destination with many ancient sites and scenic landscapes. The Municipal Governrment is determined to maintain and develop the city's unique attractions, which in turn will require careful attention to and preservation of the natural environment and strict control of all sources of pollution. In 2000, according to official figures, value added by the tourism sector amounted to RMB 8.5 billion (1JS$ 1 billion) or 6% of GDP. Domestic visitor-numbers totalled 23.1 million, with estimated expenditure of RMB 19 billion (US$ 2.3 billion) or RMB 820 (US$ 100) per visitor. Foreign visitors have doubled from about 350,000 in 1990 to 707,000 in 2000, with expenditure estimated at US$ 292 million or US$ 410 per visitor. Shaoxing Shaoxing is an industrial city with a remarkable cultural heritage, located on Hangzhou Bay about 67 km to the southeast of Hangzhou and 108 km from Ningbo. Shaoxing Municipality (SM) covers a total area of 7,900 km2 (8% of the provincial total), and includes one district (Yuecheng) and five surrounding counties. The area has good road and rail links, and is served by the airports and ports at Hangzhou and Ningbo. The city itself has a history dating back more than 2,500 years. It was the ancient capital of the Yue State in the Spring and Autumn Period (490 BC). The historical connections stretch through to the modem era, because Shaoxing is the hometown of many well-known Chinese histoncal figures, such as the late Premier Chou Enlai, authors and thinkers Lu Xun and Cai Pelyuan, revolutionary martyrs Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin. The Old City itself has many buildings and sites of historical interest, including the five conservation precincts Its character is inter-twined with the network of canals, stone bridges, old buildings and narrow streets. These provide the framework and fabnc for the cultural heritage restoration programme, which has already begun. Many of the cultural and historical assets had been neglected in the drive for industrialisation and other development programmes in the 50s, 60s and 70s. To halt the deterioration, the Municipality commenced work on a Master Plan in 1980, which was approved in 1982. The restoration work continued sporadically since that date. More urgency was injected into the programme in the mid to late-1990s, with the full support of the Provincial and Central Governments. By end-2000, Shaoxing Municipality had a population of 4.3 million, compared with 3.9 million in 1985 and a growth rate of about 0.6% per year. The urban population (non-agricultural) accounts for 19% of the total, while the other 81% are classified as rural (agricultural). The City itself (defined as Yuecheng District, plus the nearby areas of Paojiang and Keqiao) has a reported population of 501,000 in 2000. Tourism, which will be the main economic driver for the Historic City-Centre Redevelopment and Conservation Programme, is a thriving sector that has considerable potential for expansion and growth. Estimates indicate that the tourism sector currently accounts for 5% to 6% of Shaoxing's GDP. According to official statistics, domestic visitors to Shaoxing Municipality have increased dramatically over the last decade, registering average growth of 30% per year between 1991 and 1995, followed by 17.5% per year between 1995 and 2001. Today the Shaoxing Munmcipality includes Yue Cheng Territory, Shaoxing County, Xinchang County, Zhuji City, Shangyu City and Shengzhou City, a total area of 7901 km2. Shaoxing City Proper is comprised of Yue Cheng, Paojiang and Keqiao, separated by green belts. The Yue Cheng territory is 1-12 I \WB Consolidated EA-250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment comprised of five parts: the ancient city proper enclosed by a moat (Gucheng), the eastern city economic zone, the western city, the northern city and the Huijishan tourism and vacation area. The ancient city of 8.32 km2 is the area of investigation, and more specifically, the five designated conservation areas. Ningbo Ningbo is the second largest city in Zhejiang Province, bordering Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea about 170 km east of Hangzhou and 108 km from Shaoxing. Ningbo Municipality (NM) covers a total area of 9,365 km2 (9% of the provincial total), and includes five districts (Jlangbei, Zhenhai, Jiangdong, Haishu and Beilun), three county-level cities (Yuyao, Cixi and Fenghua), and three counties (Yin, Xiangshan and Ninghai). The area has good road and rail links, and is served by its own international airport and one of the largest international port complexes in China. The foundation of the city itself dates back more than 2,000 years. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties (618-1279 AD), Ningbo has been an important international trading centre when Shanghai was still only a small fishing settlement. The natural deepwater and ice-free characteristics give the Beilun Port special strategic advantages. Ningbo was designated a city in 1927 and became one of China's major economic development zones following the open-market reform programme in the late-1970s and 1980s. By end-2000, Ningbo Municipality had a population of 5.4 million, compared with 5.1 million in 1990 and a growth rate of about 0.6% per year. More than 70% live in urban areas. The City itself covers an area of 350 km2 and has a reported population of 1.2 million in 2000. Recorded employment was 3.5 million or 65% of the NM population in 2000, with 43% employed in the industrial sector (secondary industry), 31% in agriculture (primary industry), and 26% in the service sectors (tertiary industry). Official estimates indicate that the unemployment rate is about 3.5%, but this probably underestimates the impact of under-employment and over-manning. The current (2001) urban population of Ningbo City is 1.26 million, of which 715,000 live in the Sanjiang area, which is made up of Haishu, Jiangdong and Jiangbei districts. Approximately 330,000 people currently live in Beilun district and 215,000 in Zhenhai district. The urban area of Ningbo City currently covers an area of 126 km2. Tourism makes a modest contrnbution to the local economy. Official figures for the year 2000 indicate visitor expenditure of Y 11.6 billion (US$ 1.4 billion), with 12.3 million domestic visitors spending Y 11.1 billion (US$ 1.3 billion), and 124,000 foreign visitors spending Y 460 million (US$ 56 million). Many of the foreign visitors are overseas Chinese (45% to 50%) with family and social connections in the Ningbo area, plus international businessmen with commnercial connections to local industries. Official estimates indicate that the tourism sector currently accounts for about 10% of GDP (source: Ningbo Tourism Plan 2020). Ningbo Zhenhai Zhenhai District is located on Hangzhou Bay at the mouth of the Yong Jiang River. Zhenhai Town is the district headquarters and commercial centre. The district covers a total of 219 km2 and includes one township, five towns and 151 villages. Zhenhai has been an important trading port for the Ningbo region and the wider hinterland of Zhejiang Province since the Ming and Qing dynasties. Zhenhai Town is about 28 km from the centre of Ningbo. In 2000, the total population of Zhenhai District was 215,000 (4% of Ningbo Municipality), with Zhenhai Town accounting for about 108,000 or 50% of the district population. The town's population 1-13 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment has increased by about 30% over the last decade (cf. 83,000 in 1991), reflecting a growth rate of about 3% per year. According to official figures, recorded district employment has been falling from 63,000 in 1995 (30% of the population) to 54,000 (25%) in 2000. Secondary industry (manufacturing and construction) accounts for 70% of employment and tertiary industry (service sectors) for 30%. Ningbo Jiangdong Jlangdong District is one of the three core districts whlch make up the main urban area of Ningbo City The others are Haishu and Jiangbei Districts. The City is sited on both banks of the Yuyao River and Fenghua River which join in the downtown area to form the Yong River, which in turn flows downstream to Zhenhai and disgorges into Hangzhou Bay. In 2000, the main urban area had a population of about 1.24 million, which has been growing at an average of 1.3% per year since 1990 (population of 1.08 million). Jiangdong District has been growing quite rapidly at 4% per year for the last decade, increasing from 138,000 in 1990 to 208,000 in 2000. Ningbo, Yin County (Dongqian Lake) Dongqian Lake is located in Yin County about 15 km from Ningbo City. On 19th April 2002, it is understood that the county was renamed Yinzhou District. However, the information presented in this sub-section refers to Yin County. The county covers an area 1,527 km2 and is divided administratively into two (2) townships and 21 towns. The County Government is located in Ningbo City. Yin County is one of the oldest counties in China, with a history dating back more than 2,000 years. In 2000, the population of Yin County was 722,000 (13% of Ningbo Municipality) with an average growth rate of 0.3% per year since 1990, when the population was 697,000. In the official statistics, 85% of the County's population (610,000 in 2000) is classified as agricultural (rural), and 15% (112,000) classified as non-agricultural (urban). Dongqianhu Town has a population of about 40,000. The lake itself covers an area of about 20 km 2, with an average depth of 1.85 metres and a catchment area of 87 km2. It is also an important source of irrigation water (irrigating 24,700 ha), potable water (3 water treatment plants with a capacity of 35,000 m3 per day), livestock watering, fisheries (fish farms and oyster beds, with average fish production of 400 to 500 tonnes per year), navigation, recreation and tourism. Pollution (discharges from irrigated farming, livestock, domestic and industrial wastewater, and solid waste) and competing water usage have become the focus of major concern in future development planning for Dongqian Lake and the surrounding area. The local authorities are aware of these issues and the need to integrate catchment management planning, pollution control and sustainable water use if a viable strategic plan is to emerge that will satisfy the development vision and aspirations of Ningbo's wealthy economy. Ningbo, Jiangbei District (Cicheng) Jiangbei Distnct is where the town of Cicheng is located. The district was the home of the ancient Hemedu culture of about 7,000 years ago. The distnct covers a total of 208 km2 and mcludes five (5) townshlps and four (4) neighbourhoods. Cicheng Town is the district headquarters and commercial centre with a history that stretches back about 1,200 years, including a number of important buildings from the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Many of these ancient structures are in a poor state of repair and will continue to deteriorate unless action is taken. Cicheng is about 16 km from the centre of Ningbo and covers an area of 70 km2. The old town, where the ZUEP Project is located covers an area of 2.17 km2. In 2000, the total population of Jlangbei District was 225,000 (4% of Ningbo Municipality), with Cicheng Town accounting for about 41,000 or 18% of the district population. The town's population has remained unchanged for the last decade. 1-14 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment The Old Town itself has a current population of about 21,500. In 2001, Zhapu Town was incorporated into the admmstrative division of Cicheng Township, increasing population to 59,000. Cicheng Town has tourist potential that could be developed for the benefit of the local community. This potential is recognised in the Tourism Development Plan for Ningbo, but will require investment to preserve and restore the town's historic and cultural heritage, ancient buildings and general environment. The proposed project addresses the most important infrastructure requirements to provide the necessary platform for urban regeneration and new economic opportunities. In this context, two important ongoing and parallel developments should be highlighted. 1.2.2 Regional Water Resources An understanding of the regional water resource management in the Zhejiang Province is necessary in order to better appreciate the water quality issues of the study area. The significant urbanisation and industrialisation in the ZUEP cities is putting extreme pressure on surface waters. The following section introduces the local water resource issues of these cities. It is important to realise that, in addition to the main rivers flowing through the cities, there are many small drainage channels and tributaries in these urban areas that receive much of the domestic and industrial wastewater discharges, so the environmental needs extend well beyond the larger, classified surface waters. Annual precipitation of the province is 1440 nmm, total amount of years average water resource is 94.43 billion m3/a, or 2133 m3/a per capita, lower than that of the average level of the country, 2700 m3/a per capita. Of water resources, the surface water resource is 87.99 billion m3/a, groundwater resource 6.44 m3/a; in terms of geographical distribution, 84.53 billion m3/a in hilly and mountainous regions, and 9.9 billion m3/a in plain regions. Water resources are relatively abundant in Zhejiang Province, as compared to many parts of China, but there is still a problem with insufficient water resources for assimilation of wastes, and overall poor water quality. Many of the surface streams in the ZUTEP project areas are tidal, and are compounded by salinity and marine water quality issues. 1.2.3 Water Resources of Project Cities The status of water resources in the province and project cities was provided by ZEPRI and is shown in Table 1.4. Table 1.4: Status of Water Resources in Project Cities Total Total Water Total Surface To ter Water Resource Area Resource Water Resource per capita (nun/a) (B m3/a) (B m3/a) Resource (m3/p/a) (Bin/a) (Bin/a) ~~(M m3/a) _______ Hangzhou 1545 10.50 10.38 169 1697 Nuigbo 1528 7.036 6.724 320 1941.2 Shaoxmg 1495 6.589 6.349 237 1519 Province 1440 94.43 87.99 6440 2166 1-15 I \WB Consobdated EA_250303 doe/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Detailed hydrologic and water quality conditions in the project cities are provided in the water quality modelling appendices of the Interim Reports for Shaoxing and Ningbo. Water quality morutoring data and conditions are provided in Chapter 4. 1.2.4 Domestic Water Supplies and Utilisation The statuses of supply and use of water for domestic use in the province and the project cities are shown in Table 1.5. Table 1.5: The Status of Supply and Use of Water for Domestic Use in Project Cities and Zhejiang Amount of Domestic Water Water Consumption Popularisation Water Supply Consumption peCaia(/d) Rt(% (M m3/a) (M m 3/a) per Capita (lipid) Rate (%) Hangzhou 326 13 194.10 297 100 Ningbo 288 00 144.89 320 100 Shaoxing 48.05 21.73 260 100 Provmce 1961.99 802.05 213 99 9 Shaoxing The sources of water supply in Shaoxing are Qingdian Lake and Nanchi River, with the capacity of 222,000 tons a day. The total water supply in 1998 was 48 million tons, in which the living water supply was 22.7 million tons. A water supply network has been laid in the old city forming a ring or trunk and branch type arrangement. Trunk mains are laid along the major roads. Ningbo Jiangdongnan and Zhenhai In the Nmgbo urban area (Sanjiang, Beilun, and Zhenhai) the Ningbo Water Supply Company (NWSC) services approximately 1.16 million people or 89 percent of the total urban domestic population. In the year 2000 water production of the NWSC was 543,000 m3/d. Another small Water Supply Company produced 10,000 m3/d to the Ningbo urban area in 2000. Some large industrial companies in Zhenhai have constructed self-supply water plants. In 2000 total self- supply production was 142,000 m3/d. Dongqian Lake The Mozhi and Gaoqian Water Supply Company (MGWSC) currently supplies 98 percent of the demand in the Dongqian Lake area. The current production of the MGWSC is 7240 m3/d . Cicheng An existing water treatment plant in the Old Town of Cicheng, operated by the Ningbo Water Supply Company, serves Cicheng and nearby communities. It has a design capacity of 25,000 m3/d and currently produces around 18 Mld. Raw water comes from the Yingxiong Reservoir. 1-16 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment 1.2.5 Sewerage Systems All project cities in Zhejiang province operate mainly combined sewer systems, with separate systems being constructed in the newer areas. In the system, sewerage and rainwater flows through drains, covered by concrete slabs and partially by sewers along the road to the nearest surface drainage, and onward to the adjacent rivers. Many houses in the cities have septic tanks but many are too small and regular maintenance is not usually performed. The goal of all Zhejiang province cities is the complete separation of all sanitary sewers but funding limitations will mean that combinied sewers with septic tanks will be utilised for many years. Some of the cities are purchasing vacuum trucks to maintain the tanks in the long period of time it takes to separate the entire sewer system. Due to the existence of combined sewers in many of the sewerage districts served by proposed ZUEP WWTPs, the influent wastewater concentration are relatively dilute relative to domestic wastewater in a separate sanitary system. Hangzhou Currently, Hangzhou has the Sibao WWTP and the first phase of Qige WWTP with treatment capacity of 600,000 m3 per day and 300,000 m3 per day respectively. The former accepts sewage from the No. 1 sewage system (250,000 in3 per day) and No. 2 sewage system (350,000 m3 per day). It then discharges effluent into the rniddle of the Qiantang River at the fifth fortress. The Qige WWTP mainly accepts sewage from the No. 3 sewage system (350,000 m3 per day), Xiasha sewage system and Linping sewage system and then discharges effluent into the Qiantang River. The second phase of Qige WWTP, upon completion, will have a treatment capacity of 1 million m3 per day from the No. 3 sewage system, Xiashan sewage system and Linpin sewage system. The effluent may be used in some industries with low requirement for use of water. Another WWTP (50,000 m3 per day) is to be built in Jiangcun in western of Hangzhou. The effluent from this WWTP is proposed for discharge into Yuhangtang River for scenic use. The Gouzhuang sewage system (50,000 m3 per day) in northern Hangzhou collects sewage from Gouzhuang and then discharges it into the Grand Canal. The Jiangnan (Xiaoshan and Binjiang districts) sewage system (450,000 m3 per day), now under design, will send sewage to Xiaoshan WWTP for treatment. After second-level treatment, it is discharged through the No. 9 Dam on Qiantang River. Shaoxing At present a combined storm and foul system is used in the old city. Both DN200 to DN 300 concrete pipes or stone drains are used in the small streets and lanes. Most of the older sections of the city are served by combined sewer systems. Generally the historic precincts are not served by a foul sewerage system. The householders use a mght soil system with waste taken to communal toilet blocks. The toilet blocks are not connected to the sewerage system or to the canals, and are emptied on a daily basis. Some of the sewage is used as fertiliser for agriculture and some is taken to the new WWTP, which was built in 2001. The first phase Sanjiang WWTP was built outside of the city in 2001 with a treatment capacity of 350,000 m3/day. The second stage of the Sanjiang WWTP is now under construction with an additional treatment capacity of 200,000 m3/day. The second stage WWTP is scheduled to begin operations in 2004. 1-17 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Ningbo At present the majority of the sewage from Ningbo, is discharged untreated directly into the Sanjiang (three rivers) system and some urban watercourses causing serious pollution. According to monitoring data the water quality in urban sections of the Yongjiang and Fenghuajiang rivers is classified as Class V, and the quality of some smaller urban watercourses is even worse. At Zhenhai the urban wastewater, is discharged untreated to the inner nvers and Yongjiang River. The inland rivers in the urban areas are severely polluted, most at Grade TV-V. Rivers in the Zhongdahe urban area are Grade IV with COD being Grade V. There is virtually no sewage treatment for the communities in the Dongqian Lake area or for the sewage generated within Cicheng. The water quality in Dongqian Lake and in the moat at Cicheng has fallen to class IV or V. Within the central urban area of Ningbo there is one existing WWTP. The capacity of the existing Jiangdongbei WWTP has recently been increased to 100,000 m3/d, however it is currently only receiving approximately 50,000 m3/d. It is located in the Jiangdong district and serves a catchment in the north of the Jiangdong district. Within the urban area of Zhenhai there is currently no municipal WWTP. However the major industries of Zhenhai have a self-treatment capacity of 44,000 m3/d. Currently the urban wastewater is discharged untreated to the inner rivers and Yongjiang River. There are two existing WWTPs in the Beilun district. The Yandong WWTP has 120,000 m3/d (industrial only) capacity and the Xiaogang WWTP has a capacity of 40,000 m3/d. The Ningbo proposals include the construction of three new wastewater treatment facilities with a total capacity of 220,000 m3/d, construction, expansion and rehabilitation of the sewerage network, rehabilitation of inner-city watercourses, Dongqianhu Lake clean-up and development, and infrastructure upgrading in Cicheng town. The planned Jiangdongnan WWTP will have an initial capacity of 160,000 m3/d, and will be constructed in Yinxian county in the South of Sanjiangpian area. It will discharge secondary treated effluent into the Fenghua River. It will treat sewage from a catchment area, which takes in part of Haishu and Jlangdong distncts, together with flows from Yinzhou central distnct, Dongqian Lake and Cicheng. The planned Zhenhai WWTP will have an initial capacity of 30,000 m3/d, and will be constructed in the Houhaitang industrial area of Zhenhai. It will discharge secondary treated effluent to the sea. Its catchment area takes in the Chengguan, Houhaitang and Linjianpian districts of Zhenhai. It will also serve a new coastal industrial area. Sewerage will be constructed for the catchment area of Jiangdongnan and Zhenhai WWTP's, and also in Cicheng and at Dongqian Lake. It is planned that sewage collected by the new sewerage system at Dongqlan Lake and Cicheng will be pumped for treatment at the new Jiangdongnan WWTP. 1.2.6 Solid Waste and Sludge Disposal Systems in Place Since Hangzhou involves the expansion of an existing landfill, there was significant information on the MSW systems of Hangzhou. However, there was little information regarding existing solid waste management systems in place in Shaoxing or Ningbo, in the Chinese EAs or the FSRs. Of particular 1-18 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment interest are landfill conditions and capacities for the components with World Bank assisted WWTPs in Ningbo related to the potential need for use as sludge disposal alternatives. Landfills in China are unlikely to operate using sanitary design practice and the addition of sludge could exacerbate already problematic operations, although the Hangzhou Landfill No. 1 appeared to be operated and managed very well. . The landfills usually operate more as an open waste dumps, filling available topographic valleys and other depressions. Of particular interest, the sludge could cause a small increase in leachate production, and the operation of successful leachate treatment facilities has again been problematic in most Chinese landfills. HlE3angzhou The existing solid waste management systems are fully described in Chapter 2, since a new expanded landfill is a major ZUEP component project. Shaoxing Solid Waste in Shaoxing is collected by the department of general sanitation and transported to one of two landfill sites or a new incineration facility. The Dawu Fovea is 30km away from the downtown, surrounded by hills and there are concrete roads leading inside. The rubbish deposition field was put into use in October 1993 and it was designed to accommodate a volume of 2500 thousand in3, but the remaining capacity is small. Invested with 150 million yuan, the project of generating electricity through solid waste incineration was constructed. This project began operations in August of 2001, with a disposal capacity of 400 tons per day. The quantum of the rubbished removed from the downtown is 81.34 million tons, the degree of innocuous disposal of which is 100 percent. The Sanjiang Landfill site of refuse is 12km away from the old downtown lying inside the lap. Except the side as the entry facing croplands, the other three sides are all surrounded by hills. The closest residential place to the spot of the dam in the entry is 1.5km far away, which is called Sanjiang Village. Population of the village is more than 4000. There are concrete roads leading directly to the landfill site. The total capability of the Sanjiang Landfill Site of Refuse is 500 thousand m3 and it mainly accepts the landfill of the living rubbish and other solid waste. Ningbo Most of the existing landfill sites in Ningbo are designed poorly and have little remaining capacity. An incineration plant was built a few years ago in Fenglin, but the incinerator has failed to operate for significant amounts of time due to the composition of the wastes, wetness of the wastes, and operational costs. There is a small landfill at the Fenglin incinerator that was built mainly to handle the ash from the incinerator. The Sanitation Bureau has been actively researching new landfill sites and has tentatively selected a site at Ru Pu about 55km from the centre of the city for the new landfill. Information received from the NPMO and the Sanitation Bureau indicates that this landfill will be designed and put into operation within two years. As such, it is the designated disposal site for the WWTP sludge produced in the new ZUEP WWTPs. 1-19 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 docl  Zhej iang Urban Environrment Project Environmental Assessment 1.2.7 Population, Wastewater and Solid Waste Projections The populations of the province and the three project city districts are shown in Table 1.6. Table 1.6: Populations of Project Cities and Province Area Population (km') ((100 persons) Hangzhou City Proper 683 1791.8 Ningbo CityProper 1033 1240.5 Shaoxing City Proper 337 580 Province 101.8X103 45 012.2 Hangzhou Landfill Table 1.7 shows the assumed growth rates for the FSR and DRA forecasts for the landfill service area (i.e. excluding Yuhang and Xiaoshan). Table 1.7: Assumed Population Growth (Landfill Service Area) FSR DRA Medium DRA Low Population (millions) 2000 2.44 2.44 2.44 2010 2 97 2.96 2 96 2020 3.60 3.54 3.47 2030 4 35 4.15 3.95 Growth Rates (%) 1990-2000 3.86% 3.86% 3.86% 2001-2010 1.97% 1.95% 1.95% 2011-2020 1.96% 1.80% 1.60% 2021-2030 1.91% 1 60% 1.30% 2000-2030 1.95% 1.79% 1.62% Shaoxing The current (year 2000) population of the ancient city Gucheng is 150,000 in an area of 8.32 km2, being part of: * Yue Cheng District (population 413,000); * Shaoxing City Proper of three districts including Yue Cheng (population 548,000); and * Shaoxing Municipality (population 4.327 mllion in 7901 krn2) Although the ancient city is small in relative terms (27% of population of City Proper, and 3.5% of Municipality), its significance is much greater because it contains the administrative and commnercial centre for a major city region and is a historical and cultural area of City, Provincial and National status. Another factor has been the thinning out of inner areas as population moved from crowded poor conditions to modem housing further afield, often related to relocation of employment. Estimated employment in Gucheng is about 90,000 (estimates based on the number of people registered in Gucheng), out of a total of 180,100 urban employment in Yue Cheng and 483,000 urban 1-20 I \WB Consolidated EA 250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment employment in the whole Municipality (source: SPMO; figures exclude agricultural workers). In recent years, obsolete manufacturing activities have relocated from the centre to new factories on the periphery. However, these employment losses have been counteracted by gains from commercial and service activities in the city centre. Ningbo The proposed four projects for Ningbo will serve a wide range of target populations and beneficiaries. These are estimated as follows for each project: Sewerage and wastewater treatment projects Estimates of the total population served by the four sewerage and wastewater treatment sub-projects are summarised in Table 1.8. The estimates are based on the water and wastewater demand projections and the capacities of the facilities which will be constructed in each sub-project. The figures indicate that the number of direct beneficiaries will rise from 595,000 in 2005 to 652,000 in 2010 and 675,000 by 2020. These represent about 10% of the population projections in the Ningbo Municipal Master Plan (200 1-2020). Table 1.8: Ningbo Sewerage and Wastewater Treatment Projects - Target Population and Beneficiaries Year Zhenhai Jiangdongnan Cicheng Dongqian Total (000) (000) (000) Lake (000) (000) 2000 113 334 41 45 533 2005 116 384 45 50 595 2010 116 416 57 63 652 2015 116 416 68 63 663 2020 116 416 80 63 675 Source: Study estimates In 2010, after the completion of construction, the four sub-projects will serve the following estimated populations: o Zhenhai sewerage and WWTP- population of 116,000 o Jiangdongnan sewerage and WWTP - population of 416,000 o Cicheng sewerage and WWT (sewage conveyed to Jiangdongnan WWTP) - population of 57,000 o Dongqianhu Lake sewerage and WWTP- population of 63,000 Dongqian Lake infrastructure improvement and development project The Dongqianhu Lake infrastructure improvement and development project, including the sewerage component, will serve and benefit a wide spectrum of the population in Ningbo Municipality: o Ningbo Municipality - the whole population of 5.4 million, rising to 6.7 to 7 million by 2020, will benefit directly and indirectly through the creation of a new urban development area aimed at residential development, recreation and tourism activities. 1-21 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment * Yinzhou District - about 722,000 (population in 2000) will directly benefit from the increased employment opportunities and the tourism demand for goods and services (e.g. hotel accommodation, restaurants and other catering services, travel agents, tourist services, shops and other conmmercial outlets). The embryonic real estate sector will also benefit. * Dongqian Lake Town - the development and expansion of the new town will form the central hub of the Master Plan for the Region of Dongqian Lake. The resident population is expected to nse from about 45,000 at present to nearly 100,000 by 2020, with the vision of reaching 250,000 by 2050. Initial residential development is aimed at middle and high- income families, with the Dongqian Lake region becoming the major recreational area for Ningbo City. The total population within the Ningbo administrative area is projected to increase by more than 25% over the next 20 years from 5.4 million in 2000 to 6.2 mullion by 2005, 6.4 million by 2010 and 6.7 to 7 million by 2020. By 2020, nearly 80% of the population are expected to live in urban areas. In Ningbo City itself (main urban area), the population is projected to increase by nearly I million over the next 20 years, rising from 1.2 million in 2000, to 1.3 million by 2005, 1.6 million by 2010 and 2.1 to 2.2 million by 2020. Cicheng urban infrastructure and improvement project The Cicheng urban infrastructure and improvement project, includmg the sewerage component, will benefit the whole of the town, which is expected to reach a total population of 80,000 by 2020. In the Old Town itself, where most of the infrastructure improvement and development will take place, the resident population is projected to remain stable at about 21,000. In addition, the number of tourist visitors is projected to rise from 50,000 in 2005 to 155,000 in 2010 and 212,000 by 2015. 1.3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations Laws and Regulations of Environmental Protection that were important to the performance of this EA included: * Constitution of P. R. China (December 4, 1982); * Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection, promulgated on Dec. 26, 1989; * Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment, promulgated on May 11, 1984; * Implementary Rules of Law of the People's Republic of China on Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment, promulgated on Sept. 1, 1989; * Law of the People's Republic of China on Atmosphere Pollution Prevention and Treatment, promulgated on Aug. 5, 1987; * Law of the People's Republic of China on Noise Pollution Prevention and Treatment, promiiulgated on Oct. 29, 1996; * Law of the People's Republic of China on Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Treatment, promulgated on Oct. 30, 1995; 1-22 I \WB Consolidated EA-250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o Environmental Protection Regulations for Construction Projects, Order No. 253 issued by the People's Republic of China State Council in Nov. 1998; o Several Opinions on Issues Concerning the Environmental Administration of Construction Projects, Document No. Guo Huan Jian Zi [88] 117; o A Notice of Strengthening the Regulation of Environmental Influence Evaluation of Projects Funded by Loans from International Financial Organisations, Document No. Huan Jian [1993] 324; o Technical Guides for Environmental Influence Evaluation (HG/T2.1-2.3-93), an industrial standards document on environmental protection in the People's Republic of China; o Regulations on Environmnental Protection Design for Construction Projects, Document No. Guo Huan Zi [87] 002; o Regulations on Projects of Comprehensive Utilisation of Resources and Newly Built and Reconstruction Projects; Document No. Ji Zi Yuan [1989] 411; o Notice about promulgating "Technical Policies for Urban House Refuse Treatment and Pollution Prevention", Document NO. Jian Chen [2000] 120, promulgated on May 29, 2000; o Technical Principles and Methods of Environmental Influence Evaluation, promulgated by State Environmental Protection Bureau; o Regulations on Technical Policies for Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment, promulgated by State Council Environment Commission in Nov. 1986; o Techmcal Standards for Urban House Refuse Sanitary Landfilling(CJJ17-88); o Standards for Pollution Control of Urban House Refuse Landfilling(GB16889-1997). 1.3.2 Project Documents Documents Related to the Hlangzhou Landfill No.2 Project o Letter about the Examnination Opinion for Environmental Influence Evaluation Outline of Hangzhou NO. 2 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Document NO. Zhe Huan Kai Jian [1999] 150, promulgated by September 14, 1999; o Ratification to the Construction of Hangzhou No.2 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Project, Document NO. Hang Ji Tou Zhi [2001] 182, Hang Jian Ji [2001] 47, promulgated on March 16,2001; o Feasibility Study on Hangzhou No.2 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, by Beijing Non- ferrous Metal Metallurgical Design Institute in July 2002. o Report for Geologic Reconnaissance of Hangzhou No.2 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, compiled by Hangzhou Engineering Reconnaissance Station, Sep. 2000. O Project Contract and Task Letter Signed by Enviromnental Influence Evaluation & Research Office, Zhejiang University and Project construction Unit. o Evaluation Report on Enviromnental Influence of Hangzhou No. 2 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, Environmental Influence Evaluation and Research Office of Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Environmental Protection Research Institute, January 2002. o Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, Interim Report, Vol. 2 - Hangzhou, Hangzhou Landfill Nr 2, Mott MacDonald, November 2002, and Addendums. 1-23 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doce  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Documents Related to the Shaoxing Project * Pre-feasibility Study Report for the Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Project of Shaoxing * Official Document of the Government of Shaoxing Municipality, NO.8 (99) * Official Document of the Financial Bureau of Shaoxing Municipality, NO.46 (1999) * General Plan of Shaoxing City (revised) (1994-2010)(draft for approval) * Preservation Plan for Well-known Histories & Cultures in Shaoxing City (draft for review) * Controlled Area to Construct for the Cultural Preservation Units in Shaoxing City * Systemic Plan for the Green Land in Shaoxing City * Systemic Plan for the Sewage Collection in Shaoxing City * In-city River Realignment Plan * Regional Plan of Yuecheng, Shaoxing * Statistical Yearbook of Shaoxing City (1999) * Environmental Impact Assessment on the Urban Infrastructure Reconstruction Projects of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Provincial Institute Of Environmental Protection Science & Design, June 2002. * Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, Interim Report, Shaoxing, Mott MacDonald, November 2002 and Addendums. Documents Related to the Ningbo Zhenhai Project * Primary Feasibility Report on Zhenhai Wastewater Treatment Plant and Interrelated Pipeline (Color Metallurgy D&R Institute of Beijing), July 2002. * Commission Script for EIA on Zhenhai Wastewater Treatment Plant and Interrelated Pipeline (Prophase Office for municipal Engineering of Ningbo) * Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Zhenhai WWWTP and Sewerage, Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute, July 2002. * Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, Intenrm Report - Volume 3, Ningbo Components, Mott MacDonald, November 2002 and Addendums. Documents Related to the Ningbo Jiangdongnanqu Project * Report on Pre-Feasibility for the Project of Construction of Sewage Sludge Disposal plant in the Southern Jiangdong District of Ningbo City, Compiled by Research and Design Academy of Metallurgy of Colored Metals in June 1996. * Commission Deed of Environmental Impact Evaluation of the Construction of Sewage Sludge Disposal plant in the Southern Jiangdong District of Nmngbo City, Compiled by PSPMOPCPNC in the 29h of December 1999. * Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Jiangdongnanqu WWTP and Sewerage, Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute, July 2002. * Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, Intenrm Report - Volume 3, Nmgbo Components, Mott MacDonald, November 2002 and Addendums. 1-24 I \WB Coisolidated EA-250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Documents Related to the Ningbo Dongqian Lake Project o Primary Feasibility Report on Harness Project for Dongqian Lake of Ningbo city (Color Metallurgy D&R Institute of Beijing) dated July 2002. o Commission Script for EIA on Harness Project for Dongqian Lake of Ningbo city (Prophase Office for municipal Engineering of Ningbo). o Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Ningbo Dongqian Lake Renovation Project, Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute, July 2002. o Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, Interim Report - Volume 3, Nmgbo Components, Mott MacDonald, November 2002 and Addendums. Documents Related to the Ningbo Cicheng Project o Ningbo City's Municipal Overall Plan (1995-2010), Ningbo People's Government, July, 1999. o Zoning of enviromnental protection function of Ningbo surface water, Ningbo's Bureau of Environmental Protection, November 1992. o Report of Feasibility Research in Avance of Environmental Renovation Project in Cicheng Town, Jiangbei District, Beijing General Institute of Coloured Metallurgy Designing and Research, 2001.4: o Entrust Deed of Environmental Impact Assessment of Environmental Renovation Project in Cicheng Town, Jiangbei District, Municipal Engineering earlier stage Office of Ningbo 2001.6. o Environmental Impact Assessment Report, Environment Improvement Works of Cicheng Township, Ningbo Environmental Protection Science Research & Design Institute, July 2002. o Zhejiang Urban Environment Project, Interim Report - Volume 3, Ningbo Components, Mott MacDonald, November 2002 and Addendums. 1.3.3 Contents of Component EA Evaluations Contents of Evaluation, Hangzhou Landfill No.2 o To investigate into and monitor the kinds and intensity of pollution sources in Hangzhou No. 1 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, and to find out the total discharge of pollutants from it. O To collect information on, and monitor, the environmental quality in the area under the influence of the project, and to make a retrospective evaluation on the environmental influences that the No. 1 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill has exerted; o To investigate into and analyze problems existed in the design and operation of No. 1 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill and measures to deal with them; o To analyze and evaluate the project in discussion and find out pollution sources and the total discharge of pollutants; and to analyze the feasibility of project location and construction from the angle of environmental protection; o To predict and analyze the good and bad influences on the surface water, groundwater, air, ecology, sonic environment and environmental sanitation in the construction, operation periods and after enclosure of the project; 1-25 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment * To put forward pollution prevention and treatment proposals about alleviation of bad influences in accordance with objectives of environmental quality control for the influenced region and requirements on environmental administration and in consideration of identified potential pollution factors; * To analyze the environmental risks occurring in the construction and operating stages of this project and put forward relevant prevention measures; * To collect public opinions on the operation of Hangzhou No.1 municipal solid Waste landfill and the construction of Hangzhou No.2 municipal solid Waste landfill; * To analyze the environmental and economic losses and benefits, focusing on the functions of this project and the annex projects in the control of pollutant discharge; and * To formulate plans in environmental administration, monitoring and training. Contents of Evaluation, Shaoxing Project * To collect and investigate the present situation of the environmental quality in the influenced area by the project, then to assess the present environmental situation. * To analyze the impact of the project on the surface water, air, organism and the acoustic environments, and to analyze the influence on the traffic and urban infrastructures as well. * To predict and analyze the potential advantages and disadvantages to influence the soctal environment and the residence. Meanwhlle to propose some countermeasures and control measures to lessen the disadvantages. * To make benefit analysis on the environmental economics. * To draw out the plans of the environmental management, supervision and personal training. * To collect and analyze public opinion. Contents of Evaluation, Ningbo Zhenhai Project * Investigate and analyze present situation of the pollution source in the area impacted from the Project, collect and momtor environmental quality situation in the area impacted from the Project, assess the environmental impact situation of nowadays. * Analyze the possible pollution of the Project according to construction stage and operation stage respectively; point out pollution sources and discharge quantity of pollutant. * Forecast impact on atmospheric, water, ecological and acoustic environment during construction stage and operation stage of the Project. * According to the requirements on control objects for environmental quality and management of environment in the area impacted from the Project, measures for pollution prevention and alleviation should be drawn out. * Analyze profit and loss for environmental economy and pay much attention to its effect on controlling the total amount of local contaminants. * Sketch out plans for environmental management and monitoring. * Collect opinions of the public. 1-26 I IWB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Contents of Evaluation, Ningbo Jiangdongnanqu Project o Investigating and analyzing the current local pollution sources of the district that may be influenced by the project; Collecting the available information of environmental quality of the district and monitoring it for the evaluation of environmental impacts of the project. o Analyzing and evaluating impacts of location selection, pipeline construction, and sewage disposal technics for both construction period and operation period, indicating the pollution sources and their discharge amounts; analyzing the reliability of selected technics from the point of view of environmental protection. o Predicting and evaluating both the benefits and on groundwater, atmosphere, ecology, sound environment and traffic etc. during its construction period and operation period. o Bringing forward plans and relief measures to minimize the unfavorable influences of the project according to the demands of the environmental quality control and management in the affected districts. o Analyzing economics of environmental benefit and lose, attentions are especially paid to the role of this project in the control of total loads of pollutants in the local districts. o Making up schemes of environmental management, monitoring and training. O Collecting public opinions. Contents of Evaluation, Ningbo Dongqian Lake lProject o Investigating and analyzing present situation of polluting sources in the area influenced by the Project, collecting information and monitoring environmental quality in the area influenced by the Project, assessing the current environmental impact. O Analyzing the possible pollution resulting from the Project according to construction stage and operation stage respectively, pointing out polluting sources and the amounts of pollutants to be discharged. o Forecasting the impacts on atmospheric, aquatic, ecological and acoustic environment during construction stage and operation stage of the Project. o Putting forward pollution prevention and alleviation measures according to the requirements of environmental management and the objectives of the environmental pollution control of the area influenced by the project. o Analyzing profits and losses in terms of environmental economy. o Drawing out plans for environmental management and monitoring. o Collecting advices from the public. Contents of Evaluation, Ningbo Cicheng Project o Investigation and analyzing the current situation of the pollution sources influencing the area of project: Collection and monitoring environmental quality state influencing the area of project, appraising the current situation of environmental impact. O Analyzing and appraising the several projects: construction of construction period pump house, laying pipe network, excavating river, dredging bottom mud, repairing bank, afforesting bank etc. Pointing out pollution sources and emission of pollutant. Analyzing effectiveness feasibility of operation of curing at ordinary running times, maintaining and skill managing. 1-27 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment * Predicting and analyzing favorable and adverse effect of project to several respects, such as surface water, air, ecology, sound environment and traffic etc during project construction time and running time. * Propose the measures and schemes to slow down the adverse effect according to the request of influenced regional environmental quality controlling goal and environmental management. * Analyzing benefit and damage of Environment economnic, especially paying attention to the project function on controlling pollutant overall of the locality. * Working out environmental managing, momtoring and training plan. * Collectng the public suggestion. 1.3.4 Focuses of Component EA Evaluation Hangzhou Landfill No.2 * The positive benefits that the construction and operation of No.2 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill shall bring to, the improvement of urban environmental sanitation and quality of life. * Retrospective evaluation on social, environmental and economic benefits brought by No. 1 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, and analysis of potential bad effects to be brought by the construction and operation of No.2 Municipal Solid Waste Landfill, with focuses on pollution caused by refuse leachate to water body and groundwater source, and bad effects on air quality and environmental sanitation caused in the operation of Municipal Solid Waste Landfill. Shaoxing Project * Environmental impact during the construction period * Impact on the water environment after the plan of the river realignment and the improvement of the sewage collection system are in work in Gucheng. * Noise pollution of the water pump stations and sluices. * Countermneasures to control the pollution and recover the ecosystem. Ningbo Zhenhai Project * Water quality of the offshore sea near Zhenhai complies with Category II of Water Quality Standards for Seawater, GH3097-97. * The environmnent around wastewater treatment plant is free of odour and noise. * Sensitive places, such as schools, hospitals, hotels, villa and etc, which are located in ambient district within 200m extended from proposed facilities. * Atmospheric environment of the district within 200m extended from both sides of the Inception Ningbo Jiangdongnanqu Project * Benefits of performance of this sewage disposal projects on improvements of aquatic environment and social environment. 1-28 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o Evaluation of the influence of uncontrolled emnission of malodour during the operation of sewage disposal plant. Ningbo Dongqian Lake Project o The environmental impact during the construction of the project and proper measures to prevent and alleviate the impact. Ningbo Cicheng Project o Benefit of the project of environmental renovation project to the environmental improvement of water and the social environment. o Assessment of influence of disposal of abandoned soil, bottom mud during construction period and noise of pump house during running time. 1.3.5 Guidelines and Recommendations Guidelines and Recommendations important to the conduct of this EA o A Number of Suggestions about the Environmental Management Problems of the Construction Projects (HJ (88) No.117 issued by SEPA). o Some Suggestions of Further Doing Management Work on the Construction Projects Well (HJ(93)No.015 issued by SEPA); o Notice of Strengthening the EA Management Work of the Construction Projects financed by Loans of International Financial Organisations (HJ(1993) No. 324 issued by SEPA, NPC, Ministry of Finance, and Bank of China); o Decisions of the State Council on a Number of Problems of Environmental Protection (GF (1996) No.31). Technical Guidance for the conduct of this EA included: o Techmcal Regulation of Ecological Impact Assessment of the Construction Projects Concerning Natural Resources Exploitation (Draft-December, 1995); o Technical Guidelines of EA (HJ/T2.1-2.4-93); o Operational Directory for World Bank Financed Projects -- Environmental Assessment (OD4.01 issued by W.B. in July 1992). o Data Collection of EA (W. B. Document No.139, October 1993); o Technical Outline for EA (HJ/T2.1-2.3-93); 1.4 Scope and Standards of Environmental Assessment In view of the nature of the proposed projects, the EA scope was divided into two time periods, construction phase and operational phase. In both of these phases, the scope included the necessary treatment and disposal systems as well as the related collection systems and other project facilities. The standards for the EA of the projects were identified by the Provincial and City Environmental Protection Bureaux and they included: o Ambient air: Class B of Ambient Air Quality Standard, GB3095-1996; 1-29 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment * Surface Water Environment: Categories III and IV of State Environmental Protection Standard, GHZB I - 1999 (effective 01-01 -2000) * Acoustic Environment: Class B of Urban Regional Noise Standard, GB3096-93 The appropriate discharge standards for use in this EA included: * Air pollutants: Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Coal-burning Oil-burning Gas- Burning Boiler GWPB3-1999; Class B of Emission Standard for Offensive Odour Pollutant GB 14554-93 * Water pollutants: Class of Integrated Discharge Standard for Wastewater, GB8978-96; Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Paper Industry, GWPB2-1999. * Noise: Class B of Boundary Noise Standard for Industrial Enterprises, GB 12348-90. Boundary Noise Standard for Construction Sites, GB12523-90. * Solid wastes: Pollutant Control Standard for Agricultural Sludge GB4284-88. Environment assessment classifications during the project operation period were defined on the basis of the drainage output, pollutants, receiver volume and water quality from the wastewater treatment works in line with the related classification requirements found in the Chinese "Technical Guidelines of Environment Impact Assessment". 1.5 The Need for the Project The overall need for ZUEP is fully described for each ZUJEP project component in Chapter 2. The ZUEP project benefits by component project are fully described in Chapter 5. 1.6 Assessment Objectives, Criteria, Parameters The EA work for the proposed project was undertaken in four steps: (1) Preparatory Work: On the basis of the sub-project EAs approved by the Provincial EPB, this work included additional field survey, relevant data collection, investigation and evidence gathering for the compilation of the EA outline. (2) Compilation of the EA Outline: Based on the preparatory work and in terns of the characteristics of the project, specialists compiled the EA Outline, and then subrmtted it to SEPA for exanmnation. (3) Field Sampling and Monitoring: After the EA Outline was approved by SEPA, the EA team went to the project sites to conduct sampling, monitoring, public investigation and expert consultation. (4) Compilation of the EA Report: The EA Report was compiled upon the basis of previous work. The main guidelines for the compilation of the EA Reports were: * Notice of Strengthening the EA Management Work of the Construction Projects Financed by Loans of International Financial Organisations, issued by SEPA, NPC, Ministry of Finance, and Bank of China; * Technical Guidelines of EA, HJ/T2.1-2.3-93 issued by SEPA; * The EA Outline and its Written Reply. 1-30 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment o The relevant data provided by the cities, city EPBs and design institutes in the pre-feasibility design reports. 1.7 World Bank EA Preparation Requirements The Environmental Assessment (EA) for this project was based on the following directives and guidance documents (note: n/a means not applicable): o World Bank Operational Directives: Environrnental Assessment (OP 4.01, BP 4.01, GP 4.01) Natural habitats (OP 4.04, BP 4.04, GP 4.04) - WB TBD Forestry (OP 4.36, GP 4.36) - n/a Pest Management (OP 4.09) - n/a Cultural Property (OPN 11.03) - Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20) - n/a Involuntary Resettlement (OD 4.30) Safety of Dams (OP 4.37, BP 4.37) - n/a Projects in Intemational Waters (OP 7.50, BP 7.50, GP 7.50) - n/a Projects in Disputed Areas (OP 7.60, BP 7.60, GP 7.60) - n/a o World Bank Environmental Assessment Sourcebooks, Volumes 1-3, Technical Papers 139, 140, and 154. o World Bank Environmental Assessment Updates 1-28, to June 2002. O World Bank ZUEP Project Aide Memoirs (dated 23 Nov 98, 06-14 May 99, 26 June 99, 17 Nov 99, 9 May 00, 8 July 00, 22 June 02). o SEPA Standard HJ/T 2.1-2.3, 1993, Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment, 1993-09-18 published, 1994-04-01 in effect. o Class A project deterrmnation by World Bank. 1.8 EA Participants The Provincial EA for Zhejiang Province was conducted by the Zhejiang Environmental Protection Research Institute (ZEPRI), under the Zhejiang Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) in Hangzhou. The ZEPRI staff who participated in this EA are shown in Table 1.9. Table 1.9: EA Staff of ZEPRI Name Title No. of EA Permit Chen Changchun Professor 05500 Zhao Zhenghong Engineer 05498 Jin Yongping Senior engineer 05570 Sun Lu Engineer 05495 Liu Yao Engineer Passed examnination, Ipermit to be released 1-31 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Name Title No. of EA Permit Liu Zhong Engineer, master degree 05476 Shang Weichun Engineer 13158 Bao Weihong Engineer 05573 Pan Peifeng Engineer 05572 Luo Deyu Engineer 05477 Wu Jianyang Associate professor 08772 1.9 EA Organisation The ZUEP Consolidated EA contains information regarding the entire program to be carried out with funding assistance from the WB, including summary inforrnation on the EAs prepared for the individual component projects. 1-32 I \WB Consolidated EA_250303 doc/  Zhejiang Urban Environment Project Environmental Assessment Figure 1.1: Location of Project Components Proposed ZUEP Project Components - March 2003 - -, - i . 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