China - Tai Basin Urban Environment Project : environmental assessment (Vol. 1 of 5) : Environmental assessment report

E808 VOL. 3 Environmental Assessment for Tai Basin Urban Environment Project (Final Report) Environmental Hydraulic Institute of Hohai University Nanjing People's Republic of China November 2003   Environmental Assessment for Tai Basin Urban Environment Project (Final Report) Environmental Hydraulic Institute of Hohai University Nanjing People's Republic of China November 2003   Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction.I 1.1 Background .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose of Assessment........................................................................... 1 1.3 Basis of the Assessment 2.................................. 1.4 Project Composition .......................................................................... 3 1.5 Assessment Standards. 3 1.6 Assessment Scope ......................................................................... 10 1.7 Environmental Protected Objects ......................................................................... 10 1.8 EA Work Arrangement ......................................................................... 12 Section 2 Strategic Considerations......................................................................... 14 2.1 Environmental Protection Plan for the Tai Basin.14 2.2 Plan for Improving the Water Quality of Suzhou and Wuxi ................................ ........................... 15 2.3 Analysis of the Coordination between the Project to Be Financed by the World Bank and the Plan of the Government for Environmental Protection .......................................................................... 16 2.4 Promotion of Regional Social and Economic Development by Implementation of the Project ..... 17 Section 3 Project Description and Engineering Analysis ............................. .............................. 18 3.1 Project Composition and Total Investment .................................................... ...................... 18 3.2 Description of Proposed Project Components .......................................................................... 18 3.3 Construction Scheme and Schedule Arrangement .......................................................................... 24 3.4 Engineering Analysis for Rehabilitation Components during Construction Period........................ 26 3.5 WWTP Components .......................................................................... 27 Section 4 Comparison of Alternatives.......................................................................... 36 4.1 Site Alternative Comparison for Polluted Water Control Projects .................... .............................. 39 4.2 Alternatives for Disposal of Spoil and Sediment in Rehabilitation Components and Their Analysis ........................................................................................................ ..................................................... 42 4.3 Process Analysis and Selection for WWTPs .......................................................................... 48 4.4 Analysis of Sludge Disposal Alternatives for WWTPs ................................................................... 51 4.5 Comparison ofWWTP Sites and Effluent Discharge outlet Alternatives .............. ......................... 54 Section 5 Environmental Overview and Baseline Monitoring and Assessment ......................... 57 5.I Natural Setting .......................................................................... 57 5.2 Socio-economic Overview .......................................................................... 58 5.3 Baseline Assessment for Water Environment .......................................................................... 59 5.4 Baseline Assessment for Ambient Air Environment ....................................................................... 67 5.5 Baseline Assessment for Noise Environment .......................................................................... 68 5.6 Baseline Assessment for the Soil and Sediment .......................................................................... 69 5.7 Baseline Assessment for Groundwater .................................. ........................................ 71 5.8 Outline of Current Ecological Environment .......................................................................... 74 5.9 Current Status of Relics .......................................................................... 77 Section 6 Prediction & Assessment of Environmental Impact during Construction Period..... 78 6.1 Analysis of Impact on Water Environment During Construction Period .............. .......................... 78  6.2 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Ambient Air Environment During Construction Period. 79 6.3 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Noise Environment During Construction Period ........... 80 6.4 Analysis of Impact for Sanjiaozui Sludge Disposal Site on Environment ...................................... 82 6.5 Analysis of Impact on Ecological Environment During Construction Period ............ .................... 83 6.6 Analysis of Social Impact During Construction Period .................................................................. 85 Secion 7 Prediction & Assessment of Environmental Impact during Operation Period........... 87 7.1 Prediction & Assessment of Impact on Water Environment During Operation Period ......... ......... 87 7.2 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Ambient Air Environment during Operation Period .... 100 7.3 Prediction and Assessment of Impact on Noise Environment during Operation Period ........ ....... 103 7.4 Assessment of Impact on Ecological Environment during Operation Period ........... .................... 105 7.5 Impact of Sludge From WWV TP on Environment .......................................................................... 107 7.6 Impact of TBUEP on Social Environment .......................................................................... 108 7.7 Impact to Public Health .......................................................................... 109 7.8 Impact of Flood Risk .......................................................................... 109 Section 8 Public Participation............................................................................ I 8.1 Methodology ............................................................................ I 8.2 The First Round of Public Participation .......................................................................... 112 8.3 The Second Round of Public Participation ......................................................................... . 120 8.4 Information Disclosure .......................................................................... 124 Section 9 Mitigation Measures of Environment Impact........................................................... 126 9.1 General Mitigation Measures .......................................................................... 126 9.2 Pollution Mitigation Measures for Environmental Rehabilitation Components in Suzhou .......... 128 9.3 Pollution Mitigation Measures for Wuli Lake Rehabilitation Component in Wuxi...................... 132 9.4 Pollution Mitigation Measures for WWTPs .......................................................................... 135 Section 10 Resettlement of Immigrants and Implementation Plan........................................... 140 10.1 Impact of Land Acquisition and Resettlement of Immigrants ..................... ............................... 140 10.2 Resettlement Principle .......................................................................... 142 10.3 Compensation Standard .......................................................................... 143 10.4 Resettlement Plan .......................................................................... 145 10.5 Organization Flowchart.......................................................................... 148 10.6 Execution Schedule .......................................................................... 149 Section 11 Environmental Management.......................................................................... 151 11. I Environmental Management Organizations and Their Functions of the Project .......... ............. 151 11.2 Environmental Management for Suzhou Rehabilitation Component .............. ........................... 151 11.3 Environmental Management for Wuli Lake Rehabilitation Component..................................... 153 11.4 Environmental Management for WWTPs ........................................................................ .. 155 Section 12 Environmental Monitoring Plan.......................................................................... 159 12.1 Monitoring Plan for Suzhou River Network Dredging Component ............... ............................ 159 12.2 Monitoring Plan for Suzhou Polluted Water Control Component ................ .............................. 160 12.3 Monitoring Plan for Wuli Lake Rehabilitation Component........................................................ 160 12.4 Environmental Monitoring Plan for 6 WWTPs .......................................................................... 162 12.5 Supplementary Monitoring Plan during Construction Period..................................................... 166 ii  12.6 Environmental Management and Monitoring Cost........................................................ 166 12.7 Staff Training Plan ........................................................ 167 Section 13 Conclusions and Suggestion ........................................................ 169 13.1 The Compatibility of The Project with Overall Plan ............................................ ............ 169 13.2 Project Composition ........................................................ 169 13.3 Summary for Comparison ofAlternatives ........................................................ 169 13.4 Water Impacts - Primary Positive Impacts/Benefits of the Project ............................. ............... 169 13.5 The Potential Negative Impact on the Environment ...................................... .................. 170 13.6 Conclusions ........................................................ 172 13.7 Suggestions ........................................................ 172 Annex........................................................ 174 Annex 1: Annex of section 3........................................................ 175 Annex 2: Annex of section 5........................................................ 182 Annex 3: Annex of section 7........................................................ 183 Annex 4: Annex of section 12........................................................ 187 Annex 5: Advertisement on Xinhua Daily, Wuxi Daily and Suzhou Daily ...................... .................. 189 iii   List of Tables Table 1.5-1 Environmental quality standards for surface water................................................................... 4 Table 1.5-2 Max. allowable effluent concentration of basic control items ...................... ............................ 4 Table 1.5-3 Max. allowable effluent concentration of a part of Category I pollutants ............. ................... 5 Table 1.5-4 Max. allowable effluent concentration of Category I pollutants............................................... S Table 1.5-5 Water quality standard for wastewater discharged into municipal sewer ............. .................... 5 Table 1.5-6 Ambient air quality standard ..................................................................... 6 Table 1.5-7 Max. allowable concentration of air pollutants at plant boundaries ................. ........................ 6 Table 1.5-8 Max. allowable concentration of air pollutants at residential area............................................ 6 Table 1.5-9 Environment noise standard for urban areas..................................................................... 7 Table 1.5-10 Standard of noise at boundary of industrial enterprises .......................................................... 7 Table 1.5-11 No Noise limits for construction site ..................................................................... 7 Table 1.5-12 Environmental quality standard for soils . .................................................................... 7 Table 1.5-13 Pollutants limits for sludge agricultural standard ................................................................... 8 (Discharge standard of pollutants for municipal WWTP..................................................................... 8 Table 1.5-14 Standard values of extraction procedure toxicity ................................................................... 8 (Identification Standard for Hazardous Wastes-Identification for Extraction Procedure Toxicity ............... 8 Table 1.5-15 Quality standard for groundwater ..................................................................... 8 Table 1.7-1 Water environmental protected objects.................................................................... 10 Table 1.7-2 Ambient air and noise environmental protected objects .......................................................... 11 Table 1.8-1 EA team and arrangement ..................................................................... 12 Table 3.1 -1 Project components ofTBUEP .................................................................... 18 Table 3.2-1 The rehabilitation components of TBUEP ................................................... ................. 18 Table 3.2-2 Sketch of rivers and buildings for polluted water control component .............. ...................... 19 Table 3.2-3 Main workload for polluted water control component ................................. ......................... 19 Table 3.2-4 Type and length of embankment rehabilitation component .......................... .......................... 19 Table 3.2-5 Workload of embankment rehabilitation component .............................................................. 20 Table 3.2-6 Workload of ecological restoration component .................................................................... 20 Table 3.2-7 Silting grade of river courses .................................................................... 20 Table 3.2-8 Dredging standard ofriver courses ....................... ............................................. 20 Table 3.2-9 Dredging scope of rivers .................................................................... 21 Table 3.2-10 Dredging amount in different district.................................................................... 21 Table 3.2-11 Main workload of Xujiang hub component .................................................................... 22 Table 3.2-12 Main workload of Shangtang river ship lock component ............................. ........................ 22 Table 3.2-13 Briefs conditions of proposed WWTPs ............................................ ........................ 22 Table 3.2-14 Scale of the proposed WWTPs . ...................... ........................................ 22 Table 3.2-15 Design influent and effluent concentration for the proposed WWTPs ............. .................... 22 Table 3.2-16 Collection system of the proposed WWTPs .................................................................... 24 Table 3.3-I Sludge transport routes of river dredging for all districts ................................ ....................... 25 Table 3.3-2 Construction schedule of rehabilitation components .............................................................. 26 Table 3.4-1 Domestic wastewater and pollutants load of constructor........................................................ 26 Table 3.4-2 Noise level of dredger for rehabilitation components ........................................................... 1.26 Table 3.4-3 Noise value of main construction equipments for Rehabilitation Components .......... ............ 27 iv  Table 3.4-4 Spoil amount of rehabilitation components ........................................................................ 27 Table 3.5-1 Status quo domestic wastewater and pollutant load in service area of proposed WWTP ....... 27 Table 3.5-2 Domestic wastewater and pollutannt load for proposed WWTPs in 2010 and 2020.............. 28 Table 3.5-3 Statistics of main industrial wastewater and pollutants amount in service area of WWTPs ... 28 Table 3.5-4 Land areas for industrial development and water demand per unit area in service area of WWTPs ......................................................................... 29 Table 3.5-5 Actual amount of wastewater and pollutants load to be catched by the proposed WWTPs ... 29 Table 3.5-6 Design treatment efficiency for units of existing WWTPs ..................................................... 31 Table 3.5-7 Influent concentration and removal rate of proposed WWTPs ............................................... 32 Table 3.5-8 Max. allowable effluent concentration of a part of Category I pollutants .............................. 32 Table 3.5-9 Water quality standard for wastewater discharged into municipal sewer ............................... 33 Table 3.5-10 Pollutants load of influent and effluent for proposed WWTPs ............................................. 34 Table 3.5-11 Pollutants load of Influent and Effluent for proposed WWTPs ............................................ 34 Table 3.5-12 Total reduction of pollutants load for proposed WWTPs ..................................................... 34 Table 3.5-13 Noise source strength of main equipment for WWTPs......................................................... 34 Table 3.5-14 Amount of sludge produced for proposed WWTPs.............................................................. 35 Table 4-1 Comparison of alternatives for components of TBUEP ............................................................ 36 Table 4.1 -1 Comparison of gate site alternatives for Xujiang Hub ................................... ......................... 41 Table 4.1-2 Comparison of sites for Shangtang River ship lock................................................................ 42 Table 4.2-1 Spoil and sediment amount of rehabilitation components ...................................................... 43 Table 4.2-2 Comparison of water and land transport........................................................................ 44 Table 4.2-3 General conditions of the proposed sites ........................................................................ 45 Table 4.2-4 Comparison of proposed sediment disposal sites ................................................................... 47 Table 4.3-1 Comparison of advantages, disadvantages and technical and economic aspects of three Processes .......................................................................... 50 Table 4.4-1 Domestic and industrial wastewater amoun collected by WWTPs......................................... 51 Table 4.4-2 Sludge properties of City west WWTP in Suzhou.................................................................. 51 Table 4.4-3 Average value of heavy metal content in sludge ofWWTPs of 44 Cities in China................ 51 Table 4.4-4 Biochemical sludge monitoring result of existing WWTP ..................................................... 52 Table 4.4-5 Conventional sludge disposal technologies of WWTP........................................................... 52 Table 4.4-6 Disposal scenario of sludge from WWTPs ......................................................................... 52 Table 4.5-I Comparison of alte rnatives for HuishanWWTP .................................................................... 54 Table 4.5-2 Effect of different discharge locations on water quality of Huishan WWTP (COD).............. 55 Table 4.5-3 Comparison of alternatives for Anzhen WWTP ................................................................... 55 Table 5.2-1 Main indicators of national economy for each city (2002) ..................................................... 58 Table 5.3-1 The key industrial pollution sources in Wuxi city and Suzhou city in 2000........................... 59 Table 5.3-2 Pollutants amount for Wuxi and Suzhou in 2000 ................................................................... 60 Table 5.3-3 Centralized treatment planning for wastewater in Wuxi area................................................. 60 Table 5.3-4 Centralized treatment planning for wastewater in Suzhou area.............................................. 61 Table 5.3-5 Pollutant load in partial area (Liyuan and Dongjiang town) around Wuli Lake ..................... 61 Table 5.3-6 Pollutant load of in Suzhou central urban district ................................................................... 62 Table 5.3-7 Average concentration of water quality for major rivers in Wuxi.......................................... 62 Table 5.3-8 Average concentration of water quality for major rivers in Suzhou ............................... 63 Table 5.3-9 Average concentration of water quality for rivers surrounding Tai Lake in 2000.................. 64 v  Table 5.3-10 Average annual concentration value of water quality for regional rivers ........... .................. 65 Table 5.3-11 Average annual concentration of water quality for the Grand Canal ............. ....................... 65 Table 5.3-12 Average annual value of water concentration for lakes ............................... ......................... 66 Table 5.3-13 Average annual value of water quality for the protecion objects ................ .......................... 66 Table 5.4-1 Average value of ambient air quality for five consecutive days in 2003 ............ .................... 67 Table 5.5-1 Summary of baseline assessment for noise emvironment ....................................................... 68 Table 5.6-1 Monitoring results for the soil background value ................................................................... 69 Table 5.6-2 Industrial pollution sources near dredging river courses ............................... ......................... 70 Table 5.6-3 Summary of sediment monitoring results ............................................................... ....... 72 Table 5.6-4 Monitoring results of sediment leaching test ...................................................................... 73 Table 5.7-1 Monitoring results of groundwater quality ...................................................................... 73 Table 5.8-1 Land utilization of Suzhou and Wuxi .................................. .................................... 74 Table 5.8-2 Species and density of phytoplankton...................................................................... 75 Table 5.8-3 Protected species of city level and variations in Suzhou ............................... ......................... 76 Table 5.8-4 Municipal protected species of Suzhou and variation............................................................. 77 Table 6.1-1 Water quality results of Wangyu River and Taipu River rehabilitation project ....................... 79 Table 6.2-1 Test results of dust reduction by water spraying on construction roads.................................. 79 Table 6.2-2 Protected objects under impact of flying dust...................................................................... 79 Table 6.2-3 Odor strength levels ...................................................................... 80 Table 6.2-4 Protected objects under impact of odor...................................................................... 80 Table 6.3-1 Attenuation of noise from main construction equipment ....................................... I................ 81 Table 6.3-2 Protected objects under impact of construction noise............................................................. 81 Table 6.4-1 Geological data of shiziyang river guotai bridge project ................................ ........................ 82 Table 6.5-1 Statistic table of land acquisition by the component .............................................................. 84 Table 6.6-1 Sludge transport scheme for Suzhou river dredging............................................................... 85 Table 7.1-I Prediction scenarios ofWWTPs component...................................................................... 87 Table 7.1-2 Analysis of CODm, simulated concentration of rivers around Tai Lake................................. 88 Table 7.1-3 Analysis of CODm, simulated concentration of rivers around Tai Lake................................. 88 Table 7.1-4 Analysis of NH3-N simulated concentration of rivers around Tai Lake ............ ..................... 88 Table 7.1-5 Analysis of TP simulated concentration of rivers around Tai Lake ............... ......................... 89 Table 7.1-6 Analysis of CODm,, simulation concentrations of main rivers in Wuxi & Suzhou ......... ........ 90 Table 7.1-7 Analysis of BOD5 simulation concentrations of main rivers in Wuxi & Suzhou ......... .......... 90 Table 7.1-8 Analysis of NH3-N simulation concentrations of main rivers in Wuxi & Suzhou .................. 91 Table 7.1-9 Analysis of TP simulation concentrations of main rivers in Wuxi & Suzhou ......................... 91 Table 7.1-10 Percentage of waterways with various water classes in Suzhou &Wuxi river network ........ 94 Table 7.1 -II The average annual simulated concentrations of Tai Lake under various scenarios ........ .....95 Table 7.1-12 The wasteloads of Tai Lake under various scenarios ........................................ .................... 95 Table 7.1-13 Impact length of effluent from WWTPs ............................................................... ....... 95 Table 7.1-14 Prediction scenarios for Suzhou polluted water control component ...................... .............. 96 Table 7.1-15 Analysis of waterway flow calculation results...................................................................... 96 Table 7.1-16 Analysis of waterway CODmn simulated concentration ............................ ........................... 97 Table 7.1-17 Predicted scenarios of rivers dredging component in Suzhou .................. ............................ 98 Table 7.1-18 Improvement values of CODm,, simulation concentrations ...................... ............................ 98 Table 7.1-19 CODcr discharge & reduction amounts of Suzhou & Wuxi river network .......... ............... 100 vi  Table 7.2-1 Hygiene protection distance for WWTPs ........................................... ...................... 100 Table 7.2-2 Protected objects of each WWTP .................... ............................................. 101 Table 7.2-3 Predicted atmospheric results for each WWTP ................................................................. 102 Table 7.2-4 Impact distances of odor from Wuzhong wastewater pumping stations ............. .................. 103 Table 7.3-I Prediction and assessment results of noise environment for WWTP component ......... ........ 104 Table 7.3-2 Dynamic noise limits of passenger boats ..................................... ............................ 104 Table 7.3-3 Predicted noise values of ships entering and leaving shiplocks ................... ......................... 104 Table 7.4-1 Restoration of submerged vegetation in Xuanwu lake ecologic zone................................... 105 Table 7.5-1 Concentration of heavy metals in sludge and solid wastes ............................. ...................... 108 Table 8.1-1 Consultation methods for public participation ................................................................. 111 Table 8.1-2 Locations of first round public participation consultation ..................................................... llI Table 8.2-1 Public consultation activity conducted for Wuli lake rehabilitation ...................................... 112 Table 8.2-2 Status statistic of consulted public for Wuli lake rehabilitation ............................................. 112 Table 8.2-3 Public participation questionnaire analysis of Wuli lake rehabilitation ................................. 112 Table 8.2-4 Public consultation activity conducted for Anzhen WWTP................................................... 113 Table 8.2-5 Status statistic of consulted public for Anzhen WWTP ......................................................... 113 Table 8.2-6 Statistics on responses in public participation for Anzhen WWTP........................................ 113 Table 8.2-7 Public consultation activity conducted for Huishan WWTP ................................................. 113 Table 8.2-8 Status statistic of consulted public for Huishan WWTP ........................................................ 114 Table 8.2-9 Statistics on responses in public participation for Huishan WWTP ...................................... 114 Table 8.2-10 Public consultation activity conducted for Dongting WWTP . .114 Table 8.2-11 Status statistic ofconsulted public for Dongting WWTP .114 Table 8.2-12 Statistics on responses in public participation for Dongting WVWMTP.115 Table 8.2-13 Public consultation activity conducted for Suzhou river dredging .115 Table 8.2-14 Status statistic of consulted public for Suzhou river dredging 116 Table 8.2-15 Statistics on responses in public participation for for Suzhou river dredging 166...................... Table 8.2-16 Public consultation activity conducted for polluted water control component .................... 117 Table 8.2-17 Status statistic of consulted public for polluted water control component ........................... 117 Table 8.2-18 Statistics on responses in public participation for polluted water control component . 117 Table 8.2-19 Public consultation activity conducted for Loujiang WWTP .118 Table 8.2-20 Status statistic of consulted public for Loujiang WWTP..................................................... 118 Table 8.2-21 Statistics on responses in public participation for Loujiang WWTP .118 Table 8.2-22 Public consultation activity conducted for Fuxing WWTP .119 Table 8.2-23 Status statistic of consulted public for Fuxing WWTP .119 Table 8.2-24 Statistics on responses in public participation for Fuxing WWTP.119 Table 8.2-25 Public consultation activity conducted for Wuzhong WWTP .120 Table 8.2-26 Statistics on responses in rublic rarticipation for Wuzhong WWTP .120 Table 8.3-1 Second round of public consultation activity for part of components ................ .................. 121 Table 8.3-2 Statistics on responses of public participation for part of components ............... .................. 121 Table 8.3-3 Statistics on responses of public participation for part of components ............... .................. 122 Table 8.4-1 Summary of information disclosure ......................................................... 125 Table 10.1-I Permanent land acquisition for Suzhou components ......................................................... 140 Table 10.1-2 Permanent land acquisition for Suzhou components ......................................................... 140 Table 10.1-3 Temporary land acquisition for Suzhou components ......................................................... 141 vii  Table 10.1-4 Temporary land acquisition for Wuxi componenis ....................................... ...................... 141 Table 10.1-5 Residential housing affected from Suzhou components ........................ ............................. 141 Table 10.1-6 Residential housing affected from Wuli Lake component .................... .............................. 141 Table 10.1-7 Enterprises affected from Suzhou component .................................................................... 142 Table 10.1-8 Enterprises affected from Wuxi component ........................................................................ 142 Table 10.3-1 Compensation standard of land acquisition for Suzhou Component ............ ...................... 143 Table 10.3-2 Compensation standard of land acquisition for Wuxi component .144 Table 10.3-3 Compensation standard of urban houses for Suzhou component .144 Table 10.3-4 Compensation standard of non-commercial housing for Suzhou Component .144 Table 10.3-5 Compensation standard of houses with different structures for Wuxi component.145 Table 10.4-1 Resettlement plan of land acquisition for Wuli Lake rehabilitation component .146 Table 10.4-2 Resettlement and Immigration of land acquisition for Anzhen WWTP .147 Table 10.4-3 Resettlement for removal enterprises of Suzhou .148 Table 10.4-4 Resettlement for removal enterprises ofWuxi .148 Table 10.6-1 Implementation plan of resettlement in Suzhou .149 Table 10.6-2 Schedule of land acquisition and removal in Suzhou .150 Table 10.6-3 Implementation plan of resettlement in Wuxi.150 Table 10.6-4 Schedule of land acquisition and removal in Wuxi .150 Table 12.1-1 Environmental monitoring plan for Suzhou river network dredging component. 159 Table 12.2-1 Environmental monitoring plan for Suzhou polluted water control component .160 Table 12.3-1 Environmental monitoring plan for Wuli Lake rehabilitation component during construction period ... 161 Table 12.3-2 Environmental monitoring plan for Wuli Lake rehabilitation component during operation period... 162 Table 12.4-1 Environmental monitoring plan for WWTPs during construction period .162 Table 12.4-2 Environmental monitoring plan for Fuxing WWTP during operation period.163 Table 12.4-3 Environmental monitoring plan for Loujiang WWTP during operation period.163 Table 12.4-4 Environmental monitoring plan for Wuzhong WWTP during operation period 164 Table 12.4-5 Environmental monitoring plan for Huishan WWTP during operation period.164 Table 12.4-6 Environmental monitoring plan for Dongting and Anzhen WWTP during operation period .................................................................................................................................................................... .165 Table 12.4-7 List of main measurement instruments ......................................................................... 166 Table 12.5-1 Supplementary monitoring plan during construction period ................. ............................. 166 Table 12.6-1 Environmental monitoring and management cost ofWuli lake rehabilitation component. 166 Table 12.6-2 Environmental monitoring cost of Suzhou river network dredging component .167 Table 12.6-3 Environmental monitoring cost of Suzhou polluted water control component 167 Table 12.6-4 Environmental monitoring cost of WWTPs .167 Table 12.7-1 Staff training plan .168 Table 13.5-1 Odor standard and protected distance.171 Table 13.5-2 Project affected land statistics.172 Annexed table 3-1I The pollutants and wastewater load catched by Dongting WWTP ............ ............... 175 Annexed table 3-2 The pollutants and wastewater load catched by Huishan WWTP ............................. 175 Annexed table 3-3 The pollutants and wastewater load catched by Anzhen WWTP ............. ................. 177 Annexed table 3-4 The pollutants and wastewater load catched by Fuxing WWTP .............. ................. 178 viii  Annexed table 3-5 The pollutants and wastewater load catched by Loujiang WWTP .......... .................. 178 Annexed table 5-1 The inspection items and analyzing method ofsediment ............... ........................... 182 Annexed table 7-1 The scale and effluent concentration of WWTPs located in Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou in 2010........................................................................ 183 Annexed table 7-2 The simulation results of dynamical status for under scenario BO-B4 ..................... 185 Annexed table 7-3 The simulation results of CODm, under scenario BO-B4.......................................... 185 Annexed table 7-4 The simulation results of dynamical status for rivers in Suzhou under scenario CO-C2 .185 .................................................................................................................................................................... Annexed table 7-5 The simulation results of CODmn for rivers in Suzhou under scenario CO-C2 ......... 186 Annexed table 12-1 Monitoring parameters and frequencies for wastewater ofWWTPs ......... ..............188 Annexed table 12-2 Monitoring parameters and frequencies for sludge of WWTPs ........... ................... 188 ix  Acronym A2/O Anaerobic-Anoxic/Oxydic A-O Anaerobic-Oxydic BOD5 5 day Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CODm,, Permanganate Index Cr6+ Hexavalent chromium EA Environmental Assessment EMS Environmental Monitoring Station EPB Environment Protection Bureau GDP Gross Domestic Product H2S Hydrogen Sulfide mu I mu= 666.66 m2 NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide N0 2 -N Nitrite Nitrogen N03-N Nitrate Nitrogen PM1o Inhalable Particulate Matter(aerodynamic equivalent diameter< 10 IO' m) PMO Project Management Office PRC People's Republic of China RMB Renminbi (Chinese currency yuan) SBR Sequential Batch Reactor SEPA State Environmental Protection Administration SEPB Suzhou Environment Protection Bureau SO2 Sulfur Dioxide SS Suspended solid SWA Suzhou Water Authority TBA Tai Basin Authority TBUEP Tai Basin Urban Environment Project TN Total Nitrogen TP Total Phosphorus TSP Total Suspended Particulates WEPB Wuxi Environmental Protection Bureau WWCB Wuxi Water Conservancy Bureau WWTP Waste Water Treatment Plant WTO World Trade Organization x   Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Background The Tai Basin covers Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui Provinces and Shanghai Municipality. It has a total area of 36,500 square kilometers of which 52.5% is in Jiangsu Province, 33.4% in Zhejiang Province, 13.5% in Shanghai and 0.1% in Anhui Province, 0.1%. There are 37 big and medium-sized and county-level cities in the basin. In 2000, the total population of the Tai Basin was 36,000,000, the urbanization level, 51% and the GDP, 121 billion USD. While the area of the Tai Basin only makes up 0.4% of the total area of China and 3% of the total population, but the GDP in the region accounts for 11% of the total. The social and economic development in the region is one of the most rapid and energetic in the country. Along with the fast economic development, swift population increase, and accelerated urbanization, a huge amount of untreated wastewater is discharged into area rivers and lakes, seriously affecting the water quality of Tai Lake and the river network in the basin. In July 1990, excessive growth of blue algae occurred in Tai Lake and the resulting surface water quality was so bad that one of the major portable water suppliers in the region, the Meiyuan Water Works, had to be shut down. This pollution episode caused 116 factories in Wuxi to close down, resulting in a direct economic loss of 160 million Yuan RMB. Excessive growth of blue algae in Tai Lake usually occurs between July and August in recent years. Although heavy economic losses have been avoided through water diversion works from the Yangtze river, severe adverse impacts to area water bodies from the massive uncontrolled discharges still exists. Recent monitoring shows that nutrient content index for nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in some areas along Tai Lake are greatly exceeded. At present the water quality of the entire Tai Lake is of Category IV or below Category IV, particularly nutrient parameters and such water is no longer fit for being used as sources of water supply. The water pollution in Tai Lake has becomes a factor restricting the sustainable economic and social development of the Tai Basin region. The deterioration of the water quality and eutrophication of the Tai Lake have attracted a high attention of the Central Government. From 1996 onwards, the State Council has incorporated the Tai Lake in the major water pollution control programs for the "Three Rivers and Three Lakes" of China which refer to six major landmark water-bodies in the country. In 1996 the State Council set up a Leading Group of the Tai Lake Water Resources and worked out the implementation plan for treating pollution of the Tai Lake in two stages. The governments at all levels of Jiangsu Province have attached great importance to water pollution control of the Tai Lake and worked out the "Plan of Jiangsu Province for Implementation of Prevention and Treatment of Water Pollution of the Tai Lake during the 'Tenth Five-Year Plan' Period (2001-2005). The plan aims at protecting the water quality of the Meiliang Lake and Wuli Lake both of which are parts of the Tai Lake system, constructing series city/town-level waste water treatment plants, dredging river courses and lakes and implementing water reservation programs (water drawing and replenishment; solid waste interception; etc.). Efforts shall be made to achieve the goal that the permanganate content of the water in parts of the Tai Lake which are used as main sources of drinking water and in the major rivers hydraulically connected with Tai Lake will be reduced to the levels Category III surface water quality standards, and that the TP content will be cut down and become lower than the level in 2000. Furthermore, the water quality of the river network in the downtown of Suzhou City will meet the requirement for that in a scenic spot. In view ofthe fact that domestic capital is not sufficient and for the purpose of accelerating the implementation of the pollution control program, Jiangsu Provincial Government proposed to use a loan from the World Bank and complete the Comprehensive Rehabilitation Project of the Water Environment of the Tai Basin in South Jiangsu. 1.2 Purpose of Assessment This project located in the river network area of Tai Basin. According to flow characteristics of little slope and uncertain flow direction of the river network, the study scope is beyond the project scope. TLB is a sensitive area polluted seriously and the components of the Project are scatter in Suzhou and Wuxi area, it is essential to study comprehensive impact to water environment. Therefore, The environmental assessment for this project is defined as Category A. In accordance with the provisions of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Environmental Protection", "Regulations on Management of Environmental Protection for Construction Projects" and the requirements of the policy on environment assessment covered in OP (4.01) of the World Bank, a detailed environmental assessment shall be conducted at the project feasibility study stage. . The objective of the environmental assessment is to identify and evaluate potential benefits and adverse impacts to the environment, to develop measures for reducing, mitigating or  otherwise compensating adverse environmental impacts and to bring such adverse environment impacts to the acceptable level. The impact identification and assessment will be based on the investigation of baseline environmental conditions as well as prediction of future positive and negative impacts. Furthermore, this environmental assessment will also emphasize the impact on the entire Tai Basin. As such, the assessment will not only consider the components to be financed by the current World Bank loan but those water pollution control projects and programs that have been completed, are under construction or will be implemented in the coming years in the Lake Tai Basin. The assessment will be conducted in accordance with the existing, and further development of, the regional water quality management and improvement strategy, taking into considerations of the roles and contribution of the project components towards achieving the strategy goals and targets. 1.3 Basis of the Assessment 1.3.1 Laws and Regulations on Environmental Protection of the Central Government of China, State Environmental Protection Administration and Jiangsu Provincial Government (1) "Environmental Protection Law of PRC " promulgated on December .26, 1989; (2) "Water Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of PRC" promulgated on May 15, 1996; (3) "Air Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of PRC" promulgated on September 1,2000; (4) "Environmental Noise Pollution Prevention and Treatment Law of PRC" promulgated on March 1, 1997; (5) "Solid Waste Prevention and Treatment Law of PRC" promulgated on April 1, 1996; (6) "Pollution Prevention and Treatment Regulations in Drinking Water Source Protection Areas" promulgated on July 10, 1989; (7) "Soil and Water Conservation Law of PRC" promulgated on June 29, 1991; (8) "Water Law of PRC" promulgated on January 21, 1988; (9) "Directory of Construction Projects for Classified Management by Environmental Protection Requirement", No.14 Order of the State Administration of Environmental Protection issued on April 19, 1999; (10) "Procedures for Management of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects" Document No. 253 ofthe State Council, issued on November 29, 1998; (11) "Decision of the State Council on Several Problems Concerning Environmental Protection", GuoFa (96) No.31 Document; (12) "Written Reply of the State Council on the 'Tenth Five-Year Plan for Environmental Protection of the State.'", GuoHan [2001] No. 169 Document; (13) "Detailed Rules of Jiangsu Province on Implementation of the Procedures for Management of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects", Jiangsu Provincial Commission of Environmental Protection (88) No.01 Document; (14) "Regulations of Jiangsu Province on Environmental Protection" (Revised Edition) promulgated on July 31, 1997; (15) "(Environmental) Functional Division of Surface Water of Jiangsu Province", Jiangsu Provincial People's Government, March 2003; (16) "Regulations on Enhancing Management of Environmental Protection of Construction Projects", Su Huan Wei [98] No.1 Document; (17) "Technical Guidelines to Environmental Protection Assessment", HJ/T2.1-2.3-94, JH/T2.4-1995; (18) "Technical Guidelines to Environmental Protection Assessment: Non-Pollution Ecological Impact", HJ/T19-1997; (19) "Interim Regulations of Jiangsu Province on Control of the Total Quantity of Discharged Pollutants" No.38 Order of the Provincial Government in 1993; (20) "Total Pollutants Quantity Control Plan of the Tai Lake". 2  1.3.2 Safeguard Policies of the World Bank (1)"Environment Assessment OP/BP4.01 and Annex" (2) "Natural Habitats OP/BP4.04 and Annex"; (3) "Pest Management OP 4.09"; (4) "Forestry OP 4.36 and Annex"; (5) "Safety of Dams OP/BP4.37 and Annex"; (6) "Cultural Properties OP 4.11 "; (7) "Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP4.12"; (8) "International Waterways OP 7.50"; (9) "Projects in Disputed Areas OP 7.60"; (10) "Indigenous Peoples OD 4.20". As project activities will not involve any "forests", "dams", "international waterways", "pests control", "indigenous people, " and "disputed areas", policies related to these subjects will not be applicable in this EA. Other safeguard policies including environment assessment (OP4.01), involuntary resettlement (OP4.12), natural habitats (OP/BP4.04) and cultural properties (OP4.11) will be first screened and fully applied in this EA when triggered. Tai Basin is a highly developed manned eco-system, orginal natural vegetation and environment is substituted with man made vegetation and natural protection area which more than 20 km away from the Project is set up. Therefore, the Project will do no adverse impact to natural habitats and OP/BP4.04 will not involve in the Project. 1.4 Project Composition The project covered by the World Bank load is composed of 9 components and they are listed as follows (1) Wuli Lake Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation of 19.4km embankment and ecosystem restoration, building 10 water gates and I shiplock; (2) Wuxi Wastewater Treatment: Including 3WWTPs in Huishan, Dongting and Anzhen respectively; (3) Suzhou Central Urban Area River Network Dredging, (4) Suzhou Polluted Water Control: Building Polluted water controls at locations where Xujiang River and Shangtang River interface with the Grand Canal, (5) Suzhou Wastewater Treatment: Including 3 WWTPs in Loujing, Fuxing and Wuzhong respectively. See Section 3 for details. 1.5 Assessment Standards 1.5.1 Water Environment For "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" (GB3838-2002), refer to Table 1.5-1. For details of pollutant discharge standards described in "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP" (GB18918-2002), refer to Table 1.5-2 and Table 1.5-3. See Table 1.5-4 for details of "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard" (GB8978-1996) and Table 1.5-5 for "Water Quality Standard for Wastewater Discharged into Municipal Sewer" (CJ3082-1999). In accordance with "Environmental Functional Division for Surface Water of Jiangsu Province", Standards of Category III, IV and V in Table 1.5-1 will be applicable to water environment quality assessment of river course in assessment scope. And the water pollutants of WWTP will be discharged according to discharge standard of Class I Category B in Table 1.5-2 and Table 1.5-3. The concentrations of pollutant discharged into Municipal Sewer adopt Table 1.5-4 and 1.5-5. 3  Table 1.5-1 Environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002) Unit: mg/L (Except for pH) No. Item Category I | Category 11 Category III Category IV | Category V I pH value (Non-dimension) 6-9 2 Suspended matter (SS) < 20' 25; 30 60( 1504 2 Suspended matter (SS) ~~(Grade 1) (Grade 2) (Grade3) (Grade 4) (Grade 5) 3 Dissolved oxygen (DO) Saturation rate 6 5 3 2 - 90%(or 7.5) 4 Index ofpermanganate (CODMn) < 2 4 6 10 15 5 Chemical oxygen demand (CODC1) < 15 15 20 30 40 6 5-day biochemical oxygen demand 33 4 6 10 MBOD,)< 7 Oils < 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.5 1.0 8 Amino-nitrogen (NI13-N) < 0.15 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.02 (Lakes 0.1 (Lakes and 0.2 (Lakes and 0.3 (Lakes and 0.4 (Lakes and 9 TP S and reservoirs: reservoirs: reservoirs: reservoirs: reservoirs: 0.01) 0.025) 0.05) 0.1) 0.2) 10 TN < 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 11 Sexavalent chromium (Cr+6) < 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 12 Volatile phenol < 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.01 0.1 13 Cyanide < 0.005 0.05 0.2 0.2 0.2 14 Fluoride < 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 15 Arsenic S 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.1 0.1 16 lead S 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.1 Note: SS standards are Quality Standards for Surface Water Resources (SL-94) issued by the Ministry of Water Resources Category I is mainly applicable to the source ofrivers and the national natural reserve. Category II is mainly applicable to Grade 1 protection zones of surface water sources for the centralized potable water supply, habitats ofrare aquatic lives, spawning places of fish and shrimp, nursery places offries, etc. Category III is mainly applicable to Grade 2 protection zones of surface water sources for the centralized potable water supply, the fishery areas ofwintering places of fish and shrimps, migration channels, aquafarms, etc., and swimming areas. Category IV is mainly applicable to the general water supply areas for industrial water and the water supply areas for entertainment water which does not directly get contact with the human bodies. Category V is mainly applicable to the water supply area for agricultural water and the water areas required for the general landscapes. Table 1.5-2 Max. allowable effluent concentration of basic control items (Daily average values) (Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP (GB 18918-2002)) Unit: mg/L (Except for pH) No. Basic control item Class I Class2 Class 3 Category A Category B 1 Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 50 60 100 120W 2 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) 10 20 30 6Ow 3 Suspended matter (SS) 10 20 30 50 4 Animal and vegetable oils 1 3 5 20 5 Oils 1 3 5 15 6 Surface active anions 0.5 1 2 5 7 TN (counted on N) 15 20 - - 8 NH3-N(countedonN)W 5(8) 8(15) 25(30) - 9 TP Constructed before 2005.12.31 1.0 1.5 3 5.0 (counted on P) lConstructed from 2006.1.1 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 10 Colourity (dilution multiples) 30 30 40 50 11 PH 6-9 12 Fecal coliform bacteria coenobiums (number/L) 103 l 104 104 - Note: Under the following conditions, the implementation shall be made according to the index of removal rate: (I) When COD of intake water is > 350mg/L, the removal rate shall be > 50%. (2) The figure indicated in brackets is the control index at a water temperature >12, While the figure indicated outside the brackets is the control index at a water temperature S12 rC. 4  Table 1.5-3 Max. allowable effluent concentration of a part of Category I pollutants (Daily average value) (Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP (GB 18918-2002)) Unit: mg/L No. Basic control item Standard value I Total mercury (Hg) 0.001 2 Alkyl mercury Unallowable checkout 3 Total cadmium (Cd) 0.01 4 Total chromium (Cr) 0.1 5 Sexavalent chromium (CrO) 0.05 6 Total Arsenic (As) 0.1 7 Total lead (Pb) 0.1 Note: Tablel.5-2 and Tablel.5-3 refer to the "Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal WWTP" (GBI8918-2002). Class I Category A in Tablel .5.1-2 refers to the basic requirement for the effluent from Municipal WWTP to be used for the purpose of recovered and reused water, etc. When the effluent water from Waste Water treatment plants is diverted to rivers and lakes with a low capacity of dilution to be used for the purpose of water supply for town scenic spots, etc., Standard A of Grade I Standard shall be implemented. When the effluent water from Waste Water treatment plants is discharged to Class III surface water areas (except for the specified protection zones ofpotable water sources and the swimrning areas) specified in National Standard GB3838 and Class n1 sea water areas and the closed or semi-closed water areas of lakes, reservoirs, etc., specified in National Standard GB3097, Class I Category B shall be implemented. When the effluent water from Waste Water treatment plants is discharged to Class IV and Class V surface water areas specified in National Standard GB3838, and Class Ill and Class IV seawater areas specified in National Standard GB3097, Grade 2 Standard shall be implemented. When town Waste Water treatment plants that are set up in the basins which are not controlled as the major basins and in the areas that are classified as the non-water-source protection zones adopt the intensified treatment process for Class I Standard, Class 3 Standard shall be implemented; however, the locations of treatment facilities for Grade 2 Standard must be remained, and Grade 2 Standard shall be reached in phases. Table 1.54 Max. allowable effluent concentration of Category I pollutants (Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 8978-1996)) Unit: mg/L No. Pollutant Standard value No. Pollutant Standard value I Total mercury (Hg) 0.001 8 Tatal nickel (Ni) 1.0 2 Alkyl mercury Undetectable 9 Benzopyrene 0.00003 3 Total cadmium (Cd) 0.01 10 Total berillium (Be) 0.005 4 Total chromium (Cr) 0.1 11 Total silver 0.5 5 Sexavalent chromium (Cr6+) 0.05 12 Total a radioactivity IBq/L 6 Total Arsenic (As) 0.1 13 Total P radioactivity IOBq/L 7 Total lead (Pb) 0.1 / I I Table 1.5-5 Water quality standard for wastewater discharged into municipal sewer (CJ 3082-1999) Unit: mg/L (Except for pH) No. Description Discharge limit No. Description Discharge limit I pH value 6.0-9.0 19 Total lead 1.0 2 Suspended matter 150 (400) 20 Total copper 2.0 3 Solid likely to deposit 10 21 Total zinc 5.0 (mg/L1I 5mm) 4 Grease 100 22 Total nickel 1.0 5 Mineral oils 20.0 23 Total manganese 2.0(5.0) 6 Benzene series substance 2.5 24 Total iron 10.0 7 Cyanide 0.5 25 Total antimony 1.0 8 Sulfide 1.0 26 Hexavalent Chromium 0.5 9 Volatile phenol 1.0 27 Total chrome 1.5 10 Temperature 35