Senegal - The current economic situation and prospects of Senegal (Vol. 3 of 7) : Agriculture

RESTRICTED AL COPY VV AAW15 Vol. 3 This report was prepared for use within the Bank and its affiliated organizations. They do not accept responsibility for its accuracy or completeness. The report may not be published nor may it be quoted as representing their views. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION 'rTHE' rTRTV E'NTT ECONOMI AATC STIrTTIAOTnT%T AND PROSPECTS OF SENEGAL (in seven volumes) VOLUME III AGRICULTURE June 8, 1970 Western Africa Department  uurtrtna'u EY u I V u.v.na C1irrency Unit: CFA Franc (OFAF) Before August 11, 1969: US$ 1.00 = 'CFAF 246.85 CFAF 1,000- US$ 4.05 After August 11, 1969: US$ 1.00 = CFAF 277.71 CFAF 1,000= US$ 3.60 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 Metric Ton (t) = 2,205 lbs. 1 Kilogram (kg) = 2.2 lbs. 1 Kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile 1 Meter (m) = 3.28 feet  COMPOSITION OF THE MISSION This report is based on the findings of a mission which visited Senegal in October and November of 1969. The mission was composed of the following members: Cornelis J. Jansen Chief of Mission Heinz B. Bachmann Chief gconomuist Carlos Merayo General Economist Jacques Baldet Fiscal Economist Michel Palein Agricultural Economist Pietro Rava (Consultant) Agronomist Robert A. Moal (Consultant) Fisheries Expert Wybold van Warmelo (Consultant) Industries Expert Alain Thvs 'i4ater Supply Expert Abdallah El Maaroufi Tourism Expert This volume was prepared hy Mlichel Pqlein _nd Piept.ro Rp-ai (Gonsultant).   SENEGAL AGRICULTURE TABLE OF CON?TEITS Page No. I. CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF AGRICULTUKKE .......... ; II. MAJOR BOTTLENECKS. 3 III. INSTITUTIONS AND PAST PERFORMANCE.... 6 A. General ............... 0 ......................... 6 B. Institutions ................................... . 7 C. Groundnuts .... 10 D. Edible Groundnuts .... 19 E. Cereals ........................................ . 19 Millet and Sorghum ....20 Rice.... 21 Other Cereals ... 23 F. Tuber Crops ....24 G. Vegetables and Fruits . . . .24 H. Other Food Crops .2...... . . . O.. 26 J. Cotton . .... 26 K. Animal Husbandry . . . ... 30 L. Forestry .. ......... .................. 38 IV. AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AND PROGRAMS ......... 39 A. General obiectives and priorities. 39 B. Planned Development Expenditures. 39 C. Review of Proposed Investment ..... 40 a) Groundnut/millet production . . .40 b) Cotton ....43 c) Rice development program . . .44 d) Tomato production . ........... .......... 51 e) Sugar cane production . . 52 f) Vegetables and Fruit . . .53 g) Integrated development projects.. 54 h) Livestock. . . 57 J) Forestry ...62 k) Production targets .. ...... 63 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .64 NOTES ON STATE AGENCIES 1. In Charge Of Production 2. In Charge Of Marketing STATISTICAL APPENDIX rHAIRT AND MAP   I. CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR 1. Senegal covers an area of 197,000 km2 roughly comprised between the 12th and the 17th north parallels. Average annual precipitation, the most significant factor affecting Senegalese agriculture, varies between 400 mm in the north and 1.500 mm in the south. Droughts are relatively frequent. The last ones were experienced in 1966 and 1968. The climate i8 sahelian in the north, gradually hbenmina CGuinean towards the south. Soils are generally light and poor. Alluvial soils are also found mainly in the hanins of the fnour rivers (Senegasl SAl omj Gambia and Caaamance) which traverse the country, flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, but unfortu- nnrtlv drainAag is nnny and nftan anlinitvu in high. 2. Cn1.l about 15% of the total area is cultivateod mnatlv in Qmall farms and with extensive methods. Most of this is located within 200 km of the coast, particularly in the hinterland of Dakar where 0vea_u1r-popula- tion is felt. Land is also used for raising livestock, especially in the northeas tern and easte.rn parts of the country. Thkere i a denvarth of nnod agricultural land in the southeast, but lack of roads and other infrastruc- ture has so far hindered development there, although significart migrations toward the east have been recorded in recent years. 3. Some 70% of the active male population is engaged in agricultural pursus t he I v. zaverage direct cot,:ribution of the sector is only about one-third of GDP. Farming is traditionally based on growing cereals, mainly m..illet, for s-ubsister.ce, ar,d. grour.drnuts 'or cashl. 114any of Vthe activities ULL.LL A. LLgUU.LU L. L, Lu LIULUUL A.L mU.L *~ILII U] .&&=Z g..J v-.& L.L6 of Senegal's agricultural institutions center upon the promotion, organization ar.d marketing of the hIluge grounLU ut productn.. wlhiose gross value st illA. re= presents 40-50% of the total value of agricultural production, and the bulk of the faru-ers' monetary income. hLle production of rice, -maize an.d Lcs va, the other major food crops, is increasing but is still mostly consumed on the farms. Cotton cultivation was introduced relatively recently, and pro- duction is rising rapidly. Over the last decade, livestock production has risen quickly due mainly to health improvement in iivestock and provision of water points in the Fleuve region. Production, however, is insufficient to meet the gro-w,Lng 'LocaL l UCUdeLaU aIIU Senega.L mIUUsL