China - Gansu and Xinjiang Pastoral Development Project : social assessment (Vol. 2) : Xinjiang - Uyghur : social assessment report

24599 Volume 2 China Integrated Pastoral Development Project Social Assessment Report Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region "DRFT) China Cross-cultural Consulting Center at Zhongshan University Guangzhou, Guangdong People's Republic of China April 2002   CONTENTS Introduction: The Project and the Project Goals Chapter 1 The Social Assessment Work Selection of the Project SA Counties The SA Methodologies Chapter 2 Analysis of the SA Results The Basic conditions of The Project Area Demographic Data and Economy Data of the Project SA Counties Animal Husbandry of the Project SA Counties Pattems of Animal Husbandry in Xinjiang The Use of Land Other Natural Resources The Markets of Animal Husbandry Products The Labor Forces and Labor Division The Income Distribution Income and Taxation and Other Fees of the Households of the Project SA Counties The Production Organizations and Social Organizations of the Project SA Counties The Social Status and Labor Division of Women The Impact of the Local Customs on the Improvement of Animal Quality The Education and Information Transmission Chapter 3 The Environment and the Eco-environmental Restrains on The Project Chapter 4 The Demands of the Farmers and Herders in Project SA counties for the Project Loans and The Possibility of Loan Return Chapter 5 SA Team's Suggestions on the Project Appendix: Acknowledgment:   Introduction: The Project and The Project Objectives China Xinjiang-Integrated Pastoral Development Project (CXISPP) Designed and implemented by the World Bank aims at, while maintaining and promoting the sustainable utility of the natural resources, enhancing the competitive ability of the animal husbandry products (wool and meat products) in the markets, improving the production and management system of animal production and raising the life level of those farmers and herders of the Xinjiang Project Areas. In the long past, there have been existing many problems in the agricultural and pastoral areas of Xinjiang, such as poverty with different degrees, degradation and scarce of pastures, the increasing contradictions between the production methods and the demands of the markets, the visible shortcomings of non-sustainable development, lack of production and selling systems that suit the developing marketing and the low participation of the farmers and herders in social development at the grass-root levels. In order to help to solve all these, the CXIDPP is planned to start an experimental strategy to develop the animal husbandry production of the area and it is expected that the strategy will help to local animal husbandry production to be developed in a sustainable way by improving the eco-conditions, animal species breeding, management and enhancing the integrated capacity for animal husbandry production, and finally, helping the local people to improve their living conditions. With the clearly-defined nature of the Project, the Bank has also defined its goals and specific targets for each of the project stages: I) to design the activities in areas close to each other in a Project County; 2) to integrate the activities of the pasture management, animal species improvement, marketing, so that they can meet the needs of sustainable development of the target area and population. 3) To integrate the activities of animal production as well as the markets in a horizontal level. 4) to enhance the work of improving grassland eco-environment. 5)to raise the ability of the target population for use and management of grassland resources and animal production. and of active participation in the Project..  Meanwhile, the Bank has made it clear that the Project is to ensure the increase of average income of farmers and herders of the target area; the reduction of the pressures of herding on the eco-environment of grassland; the visible increase of fodder and hay based on the improvement of pastures (natural and artificial); and the improvement of fine-wool sheep and sheep meat. In order to realize all the above, the Bank organized the researches on the feasibility of the Project and the local experts undertook the feasible surveys and studies for the project, of which the Social Assessment is an important part. 4  Chapter 1 The Social Assessment Work The overall purpose of the SA is to assist the Borrower in designing and implementing the Project with the support and active involvement of individuals and groups that will potentially be the most directly affected by project activities. And the SA should be seen as integrated methods of the Project process to include participation and social analysis in the Project design and preparation work to ensure that the Project objectives are well set and that the proposed means to achieve them are appropriate. The SA process should help properly select Project areas and to appropriately identify the Project primary beneficiaries and their needs. The SA is also necessary in order to ensure that the Project is designed to avoid or minimize any adverse impacts and social costs that the Project could cause to local society. It is the World Bank policy that the SA should be viewed as an iterative process of consultation to take place throughout the Project's life cycle. Therefore, the SA is not a report to prepare for Project implementation. Social investigation and analysis need to be continuously and systematically carried out along with Project implementation. The present SA whose results are being reported here has been conducted by following the objectives and requirements that the Project made, and it has been done by the field surveys and PRA work in the selected counties which are believed to be representative in the implementation of the Project. The results are obviously important for the Project, for the data, including that of the social, economic and cultural factors that may influence the implementation of the Project are collected and analyzed. A the same time, the SA work investigated the basic situations of the counties. Xiang and villages, where the SA Team also collected the demands of and suggestions on how to implement the Project from the local farmers and herders. It also found out some problems and their causes that the 2000-year investigation had not found. 5  The 2000-year surveys and the findings Before the 2001-year SA, the Team studied the 2000-Year Survey Report organized by the World Bank and at the same time, investigation were done about the background of the survey and careful studies were made on the results of that survey. It is believed that the 2000-year survey is important for the 2001 -year SA work, for, the survey reported the findings made in the 4 sites of South Xinjiang and North Xinjiang, and these findings were of great help for the SA work in 2001. Here are the main findings from the 2001 survey: 1) The attitudes of the farmers and herders towards to fine-wool sheep in the survey-area varied. Some of them, mainly famners, like raising fine-wool sheep as they believed that raising them was profitable, while others, especially those in traditional pastoral areas did not like raising the sheep as they thought it needed much more labor and facilities for raising fine-wool sheep and this type of sheep were weak against the environment of Xinjiang grassland, and the deep reason was that the price of fine-wool sheep is much lower than that of the local sheep, and herders would not like to keep the former. Both of farmers and herders were not satisfied with technical aids provided by local administrations of animal husbandry. 2) Some farmers and herders hesitated to accept the methods of artificial insemination to improve the quality of fine-wool sheep as they found those sheep bom with the technology were not easy to adapt themselves to the environment. In addition, the religious fact was in part responsible for the hesitation. 3) Farmers and herders were worried about the ups and downs of markets of fine wool, and they were afraid that there were not very good channels through which they sold the wool and the price was not stable, which would inevitably influence their profit. 4) In general, most of the loans made by the farmers and herders were short-tern ones, but it was difficult for farmers and herders to obtain loans from the local banks. The reasons were complex. some of them said that the borrowing 6  procedure was too complex, the others said that the local banks (branches) could not lend them as much as they needed, and still others said that as some of the borrowers failed to repay the loans on time, the banks (branches) would not trust most borrowers so that they would not like to lend money to them. 5) Almost all the farmers and herders welcomed the World Bank Project as they believed that the loans the Bank was going to lend would promote the local sheep production as they saw that in recent years there was a slow rise of the wool price. Meanwhile they were very much interested in the repayment - period suggested by the Bank and they believed that this policy would help them in developing fine-wool sheep. And most of the farmers and herders interviewed hoped each household could obtain a loan more than 10000 yuan (RMB). The 2000-year Survey Team thus came to the following conclusion: I) It was believed that there was a very strong foundation for developing fine-wool sheep pr'oduction in Xinjiang as the Region had a more than 60 - year history of raising this type of sheep and there were some very good species bred locally. 2) The proposed World, Bank Project was welcomed not only by the administrations at all the levels, but also was welcomed by farmers and herders who were enthusiastic in participating the Project. . 3) It is in line with the industry policies of the Chinese government to develop fine-wool sheep. And there was a good prospect of markets for fine wool, so farmers and herders believed that it was urgent to take measures to pay attention to and protect the fine-wool sheep production of Xinjiang. Yet the meat sheep production was not able to meet the needs of markets. Therefore, they hoped there to be more investment on it. If the present situation was going on, they were afraid there would be a slump of Chinese fine wool markets in some years. 4) The 2001-year Survey Group suggested that as Xinjiang was rich in natural resources for developing fine-wool sheep production with its vast grassland 7  and long-standing tradition of pastoralism, the natural conditions were very suitable for the industry. 5) There had been strong perceptions for commercialized sheep production and animal husbandry as well among half of the investigated farmers and herders who were capable of making money and repaying the loans. Meanwhile, if the Bank would lend them money for development, their development would certainly set up examples of how to develop in sheep production for the local people. So the Survey Group suggested that the Project should be implemented as quickly as possible and it also suggested that additional loans of 5 million US dollars should be lent to Xinjiang so that it could help to increase fine-wool sheep production. Some other suggestions were also made by the Group, of which the improvement of markets and emphasize on the training work were the mostly noted. The Objectives of 2001 SA Work The Bank specified the objectives of the 2001-year SA work and the following were specially stressed: I .The purpose of the second round PRA is to see how we can best shape the project design to the needs of the farmers/herders. The first round of PRA has already gathered basic livelihood and cultural background, so that should be reviewed by your team members and not repeated for this social assessment effort. 2. Experience of villagers with local cooperative associations. Since the proiect will emphasize sening up or supporting sheep raisers associations and pasture users associahions. we need to know more about how such organizations have worked in the past. So a) please 8  determine what types of local cooperative associations, if any, have been in use in the focal areas, b) determine the strengths and weaknesses of these previous cooperative associations, c) ask beneficiaries for suggestions as to how such associations should be established, and d) make your own suggestions as to how such associations should be established. In sum we need to know about their formal and informnal arrangements of cooperating to raise animals. 3. Are there certain ethnic groups for whom there is a strong cultural reason or reasons to maintain large herd sizes? How widespread is such customs or beliefs? How do the local people or local cadre or your research team members suggest we deal with such a cultural practice when there is also an environmental need to not add to or even to decrease herd sizes? 4. Experience of villagers with informal systems of marketing, and their current practice. 5. Revisit the farmers/herders preference regarding meat vs. wool sheep, and sheep vs. other livestock. 6. Ethnic relations between both Han and minority ethnic groups and among different minority groups. 7. The Chinese Consultant and the PRA Team would need to make a specific, formal, recommendation as to whether or not an.Ethnic Minorities Development Plan is needed. At this time, we fully expect such a plan to be needed, but its recommendation must be derived from the actual findings of your social assessment. Aiain, the Bank reemphasizes the following: Obiective of the Social Assessment. The SA will focus on issues that directly and indirectly impact the key stakeholders in the proposed project. The range of issues that will be addressed by the SA include. but are not limited to: (a) affordabilitv concerns: Can 9  the proposed project households afford the anticipated financing terms and other expenses, such user fees; (b) land security: Are the leasing arrangements fair and provide farmer households with tenure security? Are leased lands and forests properly maintained from the viewpoint of fanner households? (c) inclusion: Are there any groups residing inside the proposed area whose needs are not being addressed by the project or who stand to lose from one or more of the proposed project activities? How does the proposed project impact the poor, the elderly, and women? How are these groups involved in the project's decision-making? (d) access to employment, credit, irrigated water, land: Do certain groups of the population have lower access to employmnent, credit, irrigated water or land than other groups? What is the reason for this differential access? Will these groups participate in the proposed project and if so, how is their access improved as a result of the project? and (e) social cohesion, conmmunity decision-making: How are decisions made in the village? Do all residents of the village have an equal say in the matters that affect them? How are resources allocated within the village? Are there any community development projects in the village in which farm households contribute labor? Besides all the above, the Bank suggested other issues concerning the implementation of the SA work, and it is believed that they are less directly related to the true situation in the project areas of Xinjiang. The second round PRA Team for the Project carefully studied the PRA Terms and the first Round-survey report and then in the PRA work they did their best to obtain the data for the above questions and in the second stage for analysis of the data, a number of seminars were organized to discuss the agendas. Selection of the Project SA Counties In selecting the potential Project counties for the second round PRA work. the Team made a careful reference to those sites in which the first-round survey was done so as to maintain a continuity of the PRA between the two survevs. however. the Team. working together with the PMO( the Project Management Office of Xinjian- I0  Administration of Animal Husbandry ), considered the modification of the Project objectives, which could be seen, in comparison with fine-wool sheep designed for the year of 2000, meat sheep were added to the Project scope and the Bank expected more detailed data from the field, so the following were the important factors in selecting the second -round PRA counties: In the rural Xinjiang, there are two patterns of animal husbandry production, one is that of the oasis farming area and the other is that of the migration pastoral area. And the these two in many ways make differences in keeping animals, use vegetation resource and subsistence of the population. There are different forms of animal husbandry production; The areas of the Project are multi-ethnic and multi-cultural; There are enormous differences in the eco-environment of the areas with different patterns of animal husbandry production, from which farmers and herders obtain the resources for keeping animals, this is especially obvious in South and North Xinjiang. There are imbalanrces ini the development-level of Xinjiang rural areas. And the Bank has it general and special requirements for the second PRA work. Based on all the above, the Team, after the discussions with Xinjiang PMO, selected two counties in South Xinjiang and four in the North as the PRA work areas. Table I - 1: The Second PRA Work Counties FORMS Ol: ANIMAL PRA C. PREFECTURE PRA XIANG ETHNIC COMPOSInION HUSBANDRY PRODUCTION ANGHE TEREK FARMIN(; ARE.A WIDI.N)I\I; SilElEP ANI) UAI(;TI KASIIGAR UYGUR KEZILEAWAT 1\1RII1\C 1 AIw I'.lST)RE. I NAF)M I Ai A 1111 - l))\l S1ilT:l IIAICIIIAG AKSL MIJIK &KANGQI UYG;UR. KIRKIZ IIAN AM) IIERIII\(; CUIA\(; I YUSHUGOU TOWN FARUI I; A ARIH 11i M)M\: S1ill.' AM CIIANCI I I AlTO(IMI)LS KAZAK, IIUI , IIAN TWO VILLAGES Ul(;RAl (1\ lll:; I'RI.IlCTLRI. YILI GUOZIGOU FARM/ KAZ.AK. LYCUR, IIA\, IIL I AKI) M ICRAT I \ ll-RIII \I; A\lI EARUI IN; IIIL( x1iE\; AUTONOMOUS QINGSHUIHE TOWN SALA ARI.A 1:A1.01\C; YlITI1 PREFECTURE (VILLAGE) I KAZAK, lY(GR. IILI. IA\ AV) ?ICRAl I\. AIi I;FA\. . \1 IAR It ; 1AIlli; TACHENG BOZDAKFARM ARXIR I WI U \1. s 1! i  MIGRATING HERDING AND SELED FIHAI ALETAI JMTHARELE / KUOKE KAZAK HERDING The SA Methodologies The second SA was carried out by use of literature survey (including statistic analysis), questionnaires and deep interviews among farmers and herders, of which PRA was used together with other methods. The Team believes that that use of multi-methods are of significance in understanding the complex situations of the Project areas. ****When interviewing the farmers and herders, the Team Members excluded those local officials who seemed to be interested in what we were doing. And as the interviews were done in a society in which men ere dominant, the Team Members tried to talk with women and special discussions were organized with women participation. In sum, about 246 questionnaire forms were collected, for each of which the time used varied, 1 hour to 4 hours. About 242 persons were interviewed, of whom 215 were farmers and herders. For the PRA work, three types of surveys were carried out: First, small discussions for various purposes with the participating different types of persons, such as farmers and herders, women, local grass-root official, local well-known persons. Second, about 76 pictures were collected, covering the resources of the villages, communities (including residential pattern, family structure kinship and degree of poverty and wealth), labor productivity, problems in the local development, seasonal activities and daily activities. Third, deep interviews among the local people. It is assumed that only all these methods were used could the Team have a better under standing of local the societies, and that combination of the three proved useful in achievino what were required by the Bank for the PRA. 12  Table 1-2: Team Activities for SA DEEP COUNTY SMALL DISCUSSION PRA PICTURES) INMRVIEWS QUESTIONNAItES PEOPLE INVOLVED (PERSON) MAIGETI 4 24 37 43 185 BAICHENG 3 1 39 40 137 TACHENG 3 8 39 38 103 FUHAI 4 9 35 40 118 CHANGJI 7 10 20 40 126 HUOCHENG 9 15 39 39 172 Based on the dada obtained from the field surveys, the Team organized several small seminars to discuss the issues relating to the Project and the members analyzed the data from the 12 village-level sites. The discussions and analysis were necessary for the Team to formulate its understandings about the findings which were diverse due to the three patterns of animal husbandry production and the general and special needs of farmers and herders in the investigated area and for the members to exchange their ideas about what should be suggested for the implementation of the Project. In addition, in order to obtain the local knowledge which is believed as important as the data that the Team obtained so as to provide extensive information about Xinjiang animal husbandry and grassland environment for the Project, the Team Leader visited several experts specialized in the field who have both theoretical understanding and practical experience of the pastoral areas of the region. Some of the experts have studied the animal husbandry economy of the region for more than 40 years and the others used to work at grass-root pastoral societies for quite a long tine. Their knowledge about the history of the regional animal husbandry and causes of the present problems in the development are especially valuable as they offered historical 13  perspectives for the Project and the Team leamed much from them about how to avoid fruitless results in implementing projects in the pastoral areas of Xinjiang. The four methods used in the second-round SA, which are believed to enable the Team to have better understanding of the joint-points and discrepancies between the reality of the Project -reas and the requirements of the Project design from the local decision making to the practice of sheep raising in the region. And it is also believed that the methods help the Team to see the importance of the Project in terms of Xinjiang animal husbandry and for the development. The SA Team and Activities The Three Stages of the SA: I Training and preparation for the fieldwork. This was carried out from July 6- July 16, 2001. And Professor Zhou Damming and his group came to Urumqi to dffer training programs for the members. 2 The Field Survey and PRA work. This was done from July 18 - September 2, during which the members went to the six counties to do PRA work and surveys (the time used by each group was different because of the local conditions). The Seminars and Analysis. From September 2 - October 18, the members had several seminars and the data were exchanged and analyzed. Then each group began to work on the drafts of the Report and the Multi-ethnic Group Development Plan and the Beneficiary Participation Project(BPP). From September 10 to September 19. three members joined the Bank Survey Group in their SA investigation activities in Altai and Yili areas. During the SA work, the Team kept contacts with Xinjiang PMO and Environment Assessment Team and had exchanges and co-operations with the World Bank Working Groups that came to Xinjiang to investigation the possibility and feasibility of the Project. And we believe that the exchanges with the Environment Assessment Team was particularly important as thev resulted in man\ comlmiiion 14  conclusions on the environment in which the Project is to complement and they are important also for the suggestions related to the implementation. By the PRA work in the sites, the Team members met with about one thousand people, including local officials, Project Officers, professionals and farmers and herders. In this way, the PRA work was a kind of training process in which more and more local people under came to understand the Project itself as the members talked with them about the nature, objectives and requirements to the local governments and the people who were to be involved. At the same time, the members introduced the procedures and ways of implementing the Project and its potential and possible benefits to the local farmers and herders. In the talks, we passed on the concept to them that the various local associations should be organized by the villagers so that the Project could help them in their endeavors to develop the livestock production. Since the completion of the draft of the Report, the Team has had many talks about the contents of the Report in general, the specific suggestions on the implementation strategies 6f the project in particular with the experts from the World Bank, the Xinjiang PMO officials and some of the herders, village leaders of certain SA sites, and Great efforts have been made on the improvement of the suggestions. 15   Chapter II Analysis of the SAData An Introduction to the SA Counties Xinjiang is one of the important areas suitable for developing livestock production in China. which has the grassland of 57258800 hect. in area, of which about 48006800 hect. are in use. The grassland resources take a significant portion of all the natural resources of the region and the grassland eco-system is the most important part in stabilizing the eco-environment of Xinjiang. The region has a long-standing history of livestock production with many well-known animal species in Xinjiang, such as Xinjiang fine-wool sheep, Hotian sheep, Altai Sheep, Xinjiang Lamb, Xinjiang Brown Cattle, Yili Horse, Xinjiang Yak, and Xinjiang Camel. And the sheep production, either in agricultural areas or in pastoral areas of Xinjiang,. is the priority of the livestock production. Of the sheep, fine-wool sheep takes a large number. Many ethnic groups of Xinjiang rely livestock for their subsistence, like, Kazaks, Mongolians, Kirkiz, and Tajiks. Other ethnic groups, such as Uygur, Hui, Han, Xibo, Tartar, Uzbeck, also have the tradition of livestock production. The nomadic cultures are of importance in developing the multi-culture structure of the region. Since 1950, though dramatic changes have taken place in the society, economy and culture of Xinjiang, the livestock economy, the pastoral cultures have been maintained and developed. The animal husbandry has been one of the key part in the national economy of the region, and in 1999, the value of it was 8.4% of the total. It is also noted that the livestock production of Xinjiang has seen in a slow and stag native development, and this situation has led to some serious social and economic problems to the region, like the slow increase in the income of those farmers and herders for whom livestock is vitally important for their living. What is more alarming is the degradation of pastures that has been happening in large areas. According to a survey of the grassland condition in 1984. the total area of the 16  degraded pastures reached more than 80% of the total area, and the seriously degraded pasture area took up more than 50% of the total. In some areas, desertification is a prevailing reality. With this background, the World Bank has designed "China Xinjiang Integrated Sheep Development Project that aims at maintaining a sustainable use of natural resources, enhancing the management system of livestock production and improving the competitive power of Xinjiang sheep wool and meat products in the markets, and raising the life standards of farmers and herders of the region. As an important part of the work for implementing the Project, the Social Assessment (SA) is organized by the Ministry of Agriculture of China and the Bank. And we selected six counties as the SA counties. The six SA counties are believed to be typical of the population composition of ethnic groups, environment of the pastoral and farming areas of the region where animal husbandry takes an important part in the economy.. Maigeti County is situated in the southern edge of Tarim Basin with a typical arid oasis ecosystem. The Uygurs are the major ethnic population, about 82.25% of the total. The animal husbandry production consists of folding raising sheep, goats and cattle by household-based farmers and herding animals. Baicheng County, situated at the middle of southern foot of Tianshan Mountain, is typical of the mixture of arid eco-system and steppe eco-system. The major ethnic groups are Uygurs (), Kirkiz and Ha. Its animal husbandry production takes the forms of both household-based folding raising in the farming area and migrating herding animals. Changji City, situated at the northern foot of Tianshan Mountains and at the southern edge of Zhungar Basin is a multi-ethnic inhabited area with a mixed economy of farnning and herding. In the territory of Changji, there is a lager area of arid and steppe pastures which have been depredated. Huochng County, lving in the area between Yili River valley and the \Western Tianshan Mountains. The river valley and steppe are the most important area lor 17  animal husbandry. And the county area used to be one of the major areas of Xinjiang where pastoralism was practiced. There are many ethnic groups in the county, of which Kazaks, Uygurs, Han, Hui tare the major ones. Animal husbandry occupies an important part in the county's economy. Tacheng City, lying in the north west of Xinjiang, was one of the major pastoralist areas in the region where migrating herding has been practiced. In the past half century, farning has been developing very fast, which has reshaped the economic and ethnic maps here. As a half-pastoral, half-farming area, the ethnic situation is complex, and the major ethnic groups are Kazaks, Han and Mongolians. Fuhai Count, lying in n area between Mount. Altai in the north and Zhungar Basin in the south is one of the key counties in Xinjiang animal husbandry production. Kazaks that practice pastoralism take the important part of the population. And there is tremendous area of steppe and arid grassland. Table 2-1: The Basic bata of the SA Counties County Prefecture Population Area Number of Area of (10000) (Square K) D.Animals Natural (10000) Pastures Maigeti Kashgar 195710 15200 52.00 120 Baicheng Aksu 196015 19100 75.80 1035 Tacheng Tacheng 148949 4351 61.67 359 Fuhai Altai 64882 36500 45.20 3535 Changji Changji 352357 7964 50.53 1203 Huochen, Yili 341302 5460 74.26 398 Sources: 2001 Xinjiang Statistics. The Annals of Relevant Counties 18  Table 2-2: The Demographic Composition of the SA County in 2000-year Ethnic Composition ( %) Rural -~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ a Population Composition 00 0 00~~~~~~~ _- C | B. cj C | r | ' 83 * Maigcfi 195710 82.25 17.55 0.005 0.12 0 0.008 0.07 102.99 87.20 81.19 Baicheng 196015 86.19 12.91 0.003 0.37 0.9 0.004 0.03 105.90 80.11 81.50 Tacheng 148949 3.31 63.66 14.98 6.90 1.11 1.07 8.97 102.50 0 55.57 Fuhai 64882 1.01 55.90 38.98 3.09 0 0.30 0.72 110.08 77.29 60.90 aChagii 352357 2.81 76.99 4.90 10.75 0.01 0.34 9.10 107.22 0 45.51 Huocheng 341302 20.44 45.85 7.73 20.35 0.11 0.15 5.27 104.41 70.45 78.90 Xiniiang 1 7915459 46.09 39.21 7.13 4.54 0.91 0.88 1.24 105.63 46.68 64.79 Source: 2000-Year Xinjiang Statistics Table 2-3: Social-economic Data of the SA Counties Maigeti Baicheng Tacheng Fuhai Changji Huocheg Xinjiang GDP (billion) 5.92 5.68 11.30 5.01 28.26 11.35 1364.36 First Industry: (%) 66.89 47.64 29.73 41.46 24.78 54.91 21.10 Second Industry (%) 10.13 22.88 23.70 21.70 40.70 17.62 43.00 Services (%) 22.98 29.48 46.57 36.84 34.52 27.47 35.90 Average GDP(Yuan) 3023 2899 7590 5812 8057 3344 7470 Agriculture (Billion Yuan) 4.90 4.37 5.51 2.35 11.41 6.33 487.20 Farming (%) 80.89 69.07 70.87 36.08 64.34 61.72 74.00 Animal Husbandry (%) 17.79 23.59 27.17 55.66 30.97 35.92 23.50 Forestry and Fishing (%) 1.32 7.34 1.96 8.26 4.69 2.36 2.50 Total Farm-land (1000 hac) 34.53 48.67 84.12 24.46 46.68 35.24 3416.52 Used Farmland (lOOOOmu) 62.90 66.57 89.39 21.62 63.75 63.2 1 5083.14 19  Wheat (%) 23.85 37.57 33.80 18.59 18.21 22.58 24.76 Maize t%) 15.91 19.87 5.91 7.77 6.53 14.52 11.29 Cotton t