Tajikistan - Rural Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project : environmental management plan

E-331 REPUBLIC OF TAJIKSTAN RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) March, 2000 REPUBLIC OF TAJIKSTAN RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE REHABILITATION PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 1. Background : Tajikistan is a mountainous, landlocked country of 143 thousand square with a population of about 6.2 million and is one of the poorest areas in Central Asia. Presently, it is estimated that 85 percent of the population, cannot meet their basic needs for food, health and educational services. Agricultural sector dominate the economy contributing to about 30% of the NMP and 50 percent of the employment and about 70 percent of the population live in rural areas. The vast majority of the poor - about five million -owe their circumstances to the collapsed economy and post-civic conflict situation in the country and would, if employment opportunities are made available through growth, be able to improve their living standards. Within the sector, crop production accounts for approximately two thirds of the gross value of the output in constant terms of which half is cotton although bread is the staple food of Tajikistan. Major constraints to speedy recovery of agricultural sector, beside the private land ownership, is the poor state of Irrigation infrastructure. The agricultural sector in Tajikistan is almost fully dependent on irrigation - about 700 thousand hectares of the total annual cropped area of 812 thousand hectares is irrigated. Due to severe budget constraints and lack of maintenance over the past several years, much of the irrigation and drainage infrastructure is deteriorating and in need of urgent rehabilitation unless these infrastructures are rehabilitated speedily the agriculture would come to a grinding halt. Therefore the Government of Tajikistan (GOT) is giving high priority to urgent rehabilitation of these vital irrigation and drainage infrastructure in order to reduce the risk of losing considerable national assets and productive capacity. IDA has been requested to assist GOT in this and is ready to assist government with the financing of the proposed Rural Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project (RIRP). II. Project Objectives: 2. The project's main objectives are: (i) to increase the overall water use efficiency in the main and field canals servicing the ten demonstration farms being supported under the Farm Privatization Support Project and all the adjoining farms; (ii) to reduce the costs of lift irrigation and improve operating efficiency through the rehabilitation of selected pumping stations; and other critical irrigation infrastructure; (iii) to establish water user associations in the project areas and introduce progressive cost recovery measures; (iv) to improve the quality of drinking water in a few selected villages in the project area; and (v) to promote decentralization of the Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources. III. Scope of the project: 3. The Government of Tajikistan is a signatory to the international treaty for sharing of river waters, and is keen to adhere to the agreed limits. Because this abstraction limitation to water from the rivers it has to improve its available water use efficiency to enhance the agriculture prodcution. Unlike other Central Asian countries, Tajikistan has developed a unique irrigation system of combination of gravity and pumping. The proposed Rural Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project (RIRP) would rehabilitate existing physical infrastructure for irrigation and drinking water for timely water delivery in each of the eight raions in the three Oblasts of RRS, (Leninsky, Hissar and Shahrinau raions); Khatlon (Yavan, Gosimalinski, and Kolkhozabad raions), and 2 Leninabad (Matcha and Zafarabad raions). All main canals and most of the secondary canals in the project command area are lined. Majority of the tertiary canals are pre-cast reinforced concrete, or have cast in-situ concrete lining. However, unlined open earth canals exist in more . than 40 percent of the tertiary canal systems. Off-farm irrigation water conveyance efficiency is low (less than 50 percent) as the system has deteriorated from lack of maintenance in the past several years. The main canals could benefit from better sediment removal and repairs or replacement of turnout gates to feed the tertiary channels. A large proportion of turnout gates are either very badly damaged or have no gates at all. Under RIRP, a significant proportion of the gates will be rehabilitated or replaced and all canal linings will be repaired and joints replaced and drainage system flushed, cleaned and repaired. Improvements to these systems will thus improve the availability of water to farms without higher abstraction from source reduce losses and incidences of water logging. 4. Availability of good quality drinking water is a matter of vital importance for rural population in the project area. To ensure reliable supply of quality drinking water the project would help, on a pilot scale, the present inefficient government managed drinking water service transformed into an operationally independent community managed system. Village water supply pilot activity would be undertaken with the active involvement of the beneficiaries, a social scientist and an environmentalist besides the team of engineers from the Rural Water Department, to ensure community participation and to protect from any environmental negative impact, in the design, construction and in transferring Operation and Maintenance responsibility to the village community. The following activities would be supported by the project under the village drinking services component: (i) construction of tube-wells with submersible pumps in the villages of Akkurgan, Leninsky ralon; all the nine villages in Matcha raion; and in all the seven villages in Zafarabad raion; and (ii) rehabilitation of the pump unit in the existing water supply pump station (Firdausi farm) and construction of a new pump station (Ittifok farm) as well as laying the main water delivery pipelines inKulabad village of Yavan raion; and in three villages i.e. Rokhi-Lenin, Suyunabad, Yangiabad, of Kolkhozabad raion. IV. Potential Proposed Project Impact on the Environment: 5. The environmental impact of the proposed project is expected to be small, but positive. The proposed works does not include any investment in dams or resettlement nor construction of new canals or head works that would allow increased water abstraction from main sources. It is however classified as category "B" for the purpose of OP 4.01 Environmental Assessment so as to provide for monitoring the project during and after implementation. The project will address relevant aspects of the environmental problems the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (ME& NRM), Republic of Tajikistan, has identified for the irrigation sub-sector as a whole. ME&NRM has identified the following environmental issues that relate to the irrigation sub-sector in general: (i) ineffective water resources management; (ii) increasing areas affected by water-logging and soil salinization, caused by inefficient irrigation water management and improper working of drainage systems; (iii) soil erosion due to poorly managed farm management systems and (iv) discharge of town waste waters into major rivers polluting the water. As per the recently passed Law of Tajikistan on Environmental Protection and Law on Ecological Expertise, all civil works including the rehabilitation, would have to be assessed on the ecological impact and mitigation and have to be reviewed and monitored by the ME& NRM. 6. The proposed project activities would finance repair and rehabilitation of parts of irrigation infrastructure for improving water use efficiency, check the process of salinization, water logging and arrest the process of land degradation and provide in few selected villages drinking water supply system. All these works will be of minor nature. It is expected to foster more prudent use 3 of irrigation water through priw 'tized farms. Community involvement in the operation and maintenance (O&M) of the village drinking water facilities and formation of Water Users Associations proposed to be formed, as a bottom - up institution of the irrigators for the cost recovery and O&M is expected to instill a greater sense of individual and community responsibility, perhaps sufficient to collectively take measures to protect the environment. The rehabilitation of the main and subsidiary inter farm irrigation and drainage canals will enhance the ability to enhance field level water use and conveyance efficiency with possible beneficial applications for monitoring and control of the environment. 7. The reduction in losses and improved irrigation distribution will, besides the equity amongst farmers, reduce seepage losses from main canal and over-supply of irrigation, with a beneficial effect for the area: a lower water table, a lower risk of salinity, and less stagnant water pools in the village causing health problems. Provision of clean potable water in the problem villages would reduce waterborne disease incidences and improve villagers health. However, since potential negative impact of the project would be (i) increased agrochemical pollution, and surface water contamination, resulting from the possible increased use of pesticides and fertilizers, along with improved availability of irrigation water; (ii) soil erosion associated with the maintenance of existing practices of agricultural production; (iii) improper and indiscriminate use of on-farm irrigation water such as resorting to flood irrigation by the farm owners, choice of modem water conservation techniques and methods; (iv) dumping of excavated sediments and other materials from irrigation and drainage canals, structures;(v) environmental damage possibly caused by contractors during construction activities; and (vi) and Nurek Dam stability issues. Further, as the entire upper watershed for the entire Aral Sea basin, there is a need to guard against any possible ecosystem and hydrological system issues including the international water ways issues. 8. As the project is classified as Environmental Category "B", the environmental was done in the form of management plan only ( OP 4.01 - Annex C para. 1) . The management plan deal with issues related to construction and operations, and has identified any negative impacts that may arise, in addition to describing effective mitigating measures to reduce potentially adverse environmental impacts. The Summary EMP is enclosed herewith and will be attached to the PAD. A summarized EMP in the form of tabulated description of environmental impacts and the proposed measures is attached. 4 Tajikistn: Rural Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN FORMAT I - A. MITIGATION PLAN FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SERVICES COMPONENT Costs in US $ Institutional Comments Responsibility Phase Issue Mitigating Installation Operation Installation Operation Measure Construction * Dust Watering the surface - Contractors Director Nil and proper cover while PIU and transport Raivodkhoz * Noise Work during day time in - Contractors Director Populated area. IUvad Raivodkhoz 30,000 Contractors Director * Dirt and Solid Wastes Arrangement to depot PIU and and adequate lay-away Raivodkhoz off waste Contractors Director * Degradation of Vegetation 10,000 PIU and Replacement of top soil Raivodkhoz and recultivation /establishment of greenery /vegetation 5 Operation * Silting up of Canals and Seasonal Desilting of Raivodkhoz/ Raivodkhoz/ drains Canals and Drains as WUAs WUAs part of O& M. Damage to Crop lands; Periodic Water and Soil 25,350 Raivodkhoz Local Staff sapeanalysis and e/ Local of ME& samplenais an Staff of NRM recommendations to ME& NRM concerned Periodic Water level 10,000 Raivodkhoz/ Raivodkhoz/ * Rise in Water table measurement Training & Educating 20,000 PMU/PIU PMU/PIU * Environmental Awareness concerned. Decommissio ning - none 6 I- B. MONITORING PLAN FOR IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE REHABILTATION WORKS COMPONENT Cost in US $ Responsibility Phase What Where How is the When Why is the Install Operate Install Operate parameter is to is the parameter parameter to be is the parameter to parameter be monitored? to be monitored! type of be monitored- to be monitored? monitoring frequency of monitored? equipment? measurement ? Baseline - Construction * Dust At the Visual no Periodically, during For safety, Constitu PMU/PIU PMU/ construction site significant construction. maintenance - te part To include PlU incidence of Dust is of harmony of the in the Bid To anticipated. as well as investm documents include protection to - ents on in the * Noise At the Inspection of As required people and the Bid construction site Working of the work environment rehabilit documen site and local people ation ts as feed back works contracto r's * Silt and From canals & Visual site As required -- Ditto -- - obligatio Solid drains. verification at site ns Wastes 5000 * Damage to Visual site As required and - Ditto - - Vegetation At the verification at site before planting construction site season 7 Operation * Silt and Main Secondary Periodic seasonal A month before and For safety, Included PIU/ Raivodkh trash accumi Canals and joint inspection with every month during maintenance - in the 0 Raivodkh oz/ lation Main drainage WUAs cropping season. of & M oz WUAs System environment budget * Total Salts Once every three al harmony phosphates, In main drain Periodic analysis of months during and and a Nitrates, water drain water samples after cropping commitment Nitrites Outlets in the Regional season to protection Pesticide Laboratory during to people residue spring, summer and and levels winter. environment * Farm land Observation Periodic (monthly) Once every month -ditto- -ditto PIlU/ Raivodkh Water-table wells recording of water during and two Raivodkh oz/ levels of wells in the months after oz project area. cropping season * Chemical Farm lands of Periodic analysis of A month before and - ditto- -ditto PMU/ Raivodkh composition the Project area Soil samples in the after cropping PIU/Regio oz/ of soils Regional season nal Labs Regional Laboratory. Labs * Awareness Project Staff Periodic Training At least three during To enhance -- level for and Programs and the first year - first public environment Farmers of the dissemination of a month before, awareness al issues Project area information through second during and on Mass-media. fianl after Irrigation environme season. Twice during subsequent years. Decommissi None on 8 II - A. MITIGATION PLAN FOR FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SERVICES COMPONENT Costs in US $ Institutional Comments Responsibility Phase Issue Mitigating Installation Operation Installation Operation Measure Construction * Dust Watering the surface and - Contractors Director Nil proper cover while PIU and transport Raivodkhoz * Noise Work during day time in - Contractors Director Populated area. PIU and Raivodkhoz * Dirt and Solid Wastes Arrangement to depot and 1,000 Contractors Director adequate lay-away off PIU and waste Raivodkhoz * Degradation of Vegetation Replacement of top soil 1,000 Contractors Director and recultivation PIU and /establishment of greenery Raivodkhoz 9 Operation * Proper Treatment of water Seasonal cleaning of Raivodkhoz/ Raivodkhoz/ Storage and distribution storage tanks, proper Mohalla/ Jomat functioning of the Jomat Committees distribution system Committees Raivodkhoz/ Local Staff Quality Standards of Potable Regional of ME& water Periodic Water sample 49,100 Labs NRM 'r analysis for water quality including Coliform and E-cloi; Raivodkhoz/ recommendations to PMU/PIU concerned Raivodkhoz/ * Quality of Laboratory staff Periodic training 10,000 Local Staff of ME& Director NRM PMU Raivodkhoz/ * Environmental Awareness of Training & Educating 10,000 PMU the community concerned. Special Decommissio ning - none 10 II - B. MONITORING PLAN FOR DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SERVICES COMPONENT Cost in US $ Responsibility Phase What parameter Where How is the parameter When Why is the Install Operate Install Operate is to be is the to be monitored/type is the parameter parameter monitored? parameter to of monitoring to be monitored- to be be monitored? equipment? frequency of monitored? measurement ? Baseline - Construction * Dust At the Visual no significant Periodically, For safety, Constitu PMU/PIU PMU/ construction incidence of Dust is during maintenance - te part To include PIU site anticipated. construction. of harmony of the in the Bid To as well as investm documents include * Noise At the Inspection of Working protection to - ents on in the construction of the work site and As required people and the works site local people feed back environment rehabilit Bid * Solid Wastes From the Pump Visual site verification As required -- Ditto -- ation docume house and review and measuring - works nts as distribution of quantity at site contract system -Ditto - - or's At the water As required and obligati " Degradation pump, tank and Visual site verification restoration before ons . distribution Planting season ofVegetation ite 11 Operation * Tests for Main Source of Periodic analysis of A month before For safety, Raivo Included Raivodk Raivod Total Salts Water Supply water samples on site and every month maintenance dkhoz/ in the 0 hoz/ khoz/ phosphates, and distribution and at the Regional during cropping of Mohal & M Mohala Mohala Nitrates, points Laboratory and season. environment a budget committ commit Nitrites submission of reports al harmony commi of ee. tee. Pesticide and a Raivodk residue commitment ttee hoz/moh levels, to protection alla. chlorine, to people coliform, E- and coli P/A, environment turbidity tests Quality Regional Periodic analysis of Thrice during the -ditto- PMU/P PMU/ PIU/ ME&N standards and Laboratories Soil samples in the first year of the IU PIU/rai raivodkh RM/ Capacity and Project Regional Laboratory. project and every vodkho oz PIU/ Building Staff Six months during z Training subsequent years Center of the Project implementation Awareness level Farmers of the Periodic Training At least 3 during To PMU/ ME&N PMU/ for Project area Programs and the first year - enhance PIU/Tr RM/ PIU/ environmental dissemination of Sixmonthly during public aining PIU/ Training issues information through subsequent awareness Center Training Center Mass-media. yerstraining on Center ME&N season. Twice environme RM/ during subsequent ntal issues PIU/ years Training Center Decommissi None on 12 C. INSTITUTIONAL STRENGTHENING 1. Equipment Purchases : Table 1. List of Laboratory Equipment* for Monitoring the Irrigation & Drainage System For the Regional Soil &Water Chemical Laboratory of MIWR at Dushanbe, Khojand, and Kurgon Tubpe SI. Description of the Equipment Units Price Units Total Cost # US $ In US $ 1 pH. Meter - Table Top 0 - 14 Range, accuracy of 250 3 750 not less than 0.1+/-, functional at 5 - 40 Co 2 Conductivity Meter 0- 19.900S/cm 250 3 600 3 Spectrophotometer 7000 3 21,000 4 Colorimeter 1200 3 3,600 5 Oven 24"x36, Thermostat Adjustable horizontal 3 350 3 1,050 separator shelf, adjustable temp 20 - 110 Co- 0,1 '_ 6 Chemical Banlance 300 3 900 7 Lab glass wares 500 3 1,500 8 Reagents for four years 500 3 x 4 6,000 Total 35,350 Table 2. Details of Laboratory Equipment* for Monitoring the Village Drinking Water System For the Regional Laboratory of ME &NRM at Dushanbe, Khoj and, and Kurgon Tubpe, Description of the Equipment Units Price Units Total Cost SI.# US $ In US $ 1 pH. Meter - Table Top 0 - 14 Range, accuracy of not 250 1 250 less than 0.1+/-, functional at 5 - 40 Co 2 Conductivity Meter 0- 19.900S/cm 250 1 200 -3 Spectrophotometer with recorder 7,000 1 7,000 4 Colorimeter 1200 1 3,600 5 Presence/Absence safe drinking Water Testeting Kit - 7000 1 7,000 to test levels of coliforms, fecal Coliforms and E-Coli presence/Absence, with MPN method 6 Oven 24"x36, Thermostat Adjustable horizontal 4 550 1 550 separator shelf, adjustable temp 10-110 C0-0,1 +-' 7 Stereo Microscope with infinity corrected optics 4X- 1200 1 1200 1 OOX with plan achromatic, illuminators 8 BDO Testing KIT 800 1 800 9 Incubator 500 1 500 10 Chemical Balance 300 1 300 11 Lab glass wares 800 1 500 12 Reagents for four years 800 4 3,200 13 Rechargeable Portable 12 V DC Battery (115 VAC) 250 6 1500 14 Portable/Mobile Water Testing Kit -to test NH4, Cl, 7500 3 22,500 Nitrates Nitrites, pH, phosphates ,Sulphide, TDS/Conductivity & Turbidity. Total 49,100 *Mostly Procured from Abroad 13 2. Training/Study Tours Training Program for Regional Laboratory Staff The project will continuously monitor the environmental indicators during project implementation by carrying out periodic quality analysis of water and soil quality under the irrigation component and the drinking water in accordance with the standard practices. It is not only necessary to strengthen the laboratories with the required equipment but also there is a need for organizing a Training Program for the staff of the Regional Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management Chemicals Laboratory and the Regional Water and soil Chemical Laboratories for conducting the soil, irrigation & drainage water and as well as the drinking water sample analysis to enable monitoring the quality of irrigation, drainage and drinking water in the project area . Staff of the regional chemical laboratories atDushanbe, Kurgan Tubpe, and Khujond will be trained for a week in the central Laboratory in Dushanbe by an international expert on quick testing for Safe Drinking water in the laboratory and on the site using the mobile kit for monitoring the quality of drinking water and to for periodic report and to take corrective steps in the event of deviation from the standards. They will also provide feed back to the community through mass media. The saff will be trained to check the safety of potable water from sources, and test the following parameters: Total Coliforms and E-coli - that includes brom cresol purple WHO P/A method to detect whether the potable water source is contaminated. They will also be trained in to enumerate the number of the organisms - total coliforms and e-coli in the laboratory conditions details of other tests provided in the following table. Parameters for Reasons for Measuring Method for Testing Testing Ammonia To detect sewage contamination. Colorimetric method Chlorine, Chlrne T To test presence of Cl as a disinfectant. Colorimetric DPD method Free & Total oliform, To identify problems with disinfection. P/A Broth with MUG Total &E. coli Colorime~tric/Photometric Nitrate To detect non-point source pollution. eod method Nitrite To detect presence of harmful to aquatic life. Colorimetric/ Photometric pH Common water quality indicator. Direct & Colorimetric Reactive Phosphates, To indicate eutrophication. Colorimetric- Photometric Organic Chemicals To detect the pesticide residues Photometric method ~Sulfide JCan indicate industrial effluent or sewage olorimetric/ Photometric contamination. TDS/ Determine levels of salinity, metals and conductivity inorganic compounds. TDS_/Conduct_vty_method [Turbidity Detect taste and color of drinking water. Turbidimetric/Turbidimeter A refresher course for the Regional Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management Chemical Laboratory and the Regional Water and soil Chemical Laboratories staff for three days will also be organized every year during the project period in quality control methods to upgrade their levels for improving the quality of analysis and reporting on the irrigation, drainage and drinking water samples. A feed back on their performance and comparisons of their results with standard lab in Dushsanbe will be provided during the training. Trainings Programs and Seminars for Project Field Staff and Water Users: The project will organize periodically training programs and workshops to develop and expand professional 14 skills and capacity of the staff involved in project implementation. Trainees would be specialists of the head- quarters and field offices of the MOI&WR, MOA, members of Water User's Associations (WUAs), farmers. Following General training programs will be organized under the project through PNfU: * a one week training to be provide on an annual basis to upgrade existing knowledge and to inform about new concepts in the area of environmentally sustainable technologies in the drinking water management, irrigation and drainage management, agricultural management and technologies on soil conservation; * short-term courses ( 3 -6 weeks), training on "monitoring and conservation measures for environmental control" offered by national institutes; * a set of one-day seminars on various aspects of regulating the use of nature, conservation, water management, services, problem solving etc. will be organized; * field days for farmers to demonstrate modem irrigation and drainage technologies on on-farm management, which would allow to increase the environmental consciousness of farmers, for example regarding clean water, and the use of the best technologies and best management practice. A national level seminar will be held annually to review and exchange the environmental aspects of the project areas in Dushanbe. Local residents of the project area, Journalists, Acadamisians civic society members, NGOs, MIWR, MOA, MONP and other related Government institutions with the project area who are stakeholders will be invited to participate in the review and discuss the issues related to environmental impact of the project. Emphasis will be on reviewing the results monitoring reports and creating awareness of the environmental issues to sensitize general public about the environmental impacts in the project area. It is estimated that these annual training program will cost US $ 7000 annually and the National Seminars would cost around US$ 1000/ annum. A provision for US $ 40,000 has been made under the project exclusively for the training and seminars. 3. Consultant Services In-Country Specialist: Terms of Reference for the (Local )Environmental Advisor to the director PMU Qualifications: Environmental adviser should have a Ph.D in Environmental Sciences and Industrial Engineering along with a good experience in environmental pollution control. The consultant must have at least a 10 year working experience specifically related to the area concerning the Rural development programs in Agriculture and Irrigation impact on environment. He/she should be familiar with the procedures for environmental monitoring, with the knowledge of national and international environmental standards and requirements, for drinking water, irrigation and land, public health standards and technical parameter and safety standards. He/she should have at least a 3 year work experience in private, local or national government administration system. Method of Recruitment: Through Local competitive selection procedures: Tasks to be performed by the Advior: She/he should familiarize and review the environmental status of the project area and set up baseline for the major environmental parameters. Thereafter set up monitoring indicators for periodic review for the impact of the project activities on environment and compare with the knowledge of national and international environmental standards for the drinking water, irrigation and drainage water. Review the irrigation and drinking water management practices as it impact the environment and recommend best practices to be followed to minimize any negative impacts. She/He shall: * organize periodic training programs to the Regional Department of Environment and Natural Resource Management Chemical Laboratory and the Regional Water and soil Chemical Laboratories and refresher training in quality control methods to upgrade their levels for 15 monitoring the quality of irrigation, drainage and drinking water and provide feed back on their performance. * organize periodic training programs to develop and expand professional skills and capacity of the staff involved in project implementation in environmental management issues. Trainees would be specialists of the head-quarters and field offices of the MOI&WR, MOA, members of WUAs; * organize annual seminars to review and exchange environmental impact of the project involving residents of the project area, NGOs, lead national environmentalists, MIWR, MOA, MONP and other related Government institutions who are stakeholders. * guide the project/agency staff about all subproject requirements and provide them with necessary information (i.e., local, national, or international environmental standards and requirements for a obtaining permit/license, contracts, LOIs etc); * review environmental screening standards of each sub-projects to determine applicability of the classification of project in accordance with the guidelines; * submit monthly progress report to the PMU on the progress and adequacy of action taken towards the observance or otherwise of environmental parameters identified for each of the project elements during the implementation and point out weaknesses and suggest measures for improvement; * provide guidance for project staff of the PIU/MOI&WR, MOA, and assistance in reviewing the procurement bid documents for the observance of the environmental standards identifying weaknesses in design and specifications to resolve environmental problems; * serve as a liaison between the environmental staff in the ME&NRM and PMU; and * guarantee that all relevant documentation, and reports related to environmental aspects of subprojects be kept by the PIU and PMU. * Cost: A remuneration of 400 US $ plus actual travel cost not exceeding US $ 100 per month . During the entire project period. 4. Special Studies: None: D. SCHEDULE Start Dates and Finish Dates for Project activities: Project Activities Phases Start Dates Finish Dates L Irrigation & Drainage Component * Mitigation Activities Construction* 03/10/2001 4/30/2003 Operations 12/01/2001 6/30/2004 * Monitoring Activities Construction* 03/10/2001 6/30/2003 Operations 12/01/2001 6/30/2004 * Training Activities 1 01/10/2001 12/30/2003 II. Village Drinking Water Component * Mitigation Activities Construction 08/01/2001 4/30/2003 Operations 12/10/2001 6/30/2004 * Monitoring Activities Construction 03/10/2001 6/30/2003 Operations 12/01/2001 6/30/2004 " Training Activities _07/10/2001 12/30/2003 This information is defined in the overall project schedule (Project Implementation Plan). 16 E. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS Institutional arrangements for implementing the Monitoring and Mitigation Plans both for Irrigation and Drainage Component, and as well as the Village Drinking Services component are presented in the chart E. I and E.2 attached to this report the flow of information regarding Monitoring and Mitigation Plans activities and mitigating measures, are as follows: The raion level trained staff of Raivodkhoz will periodically, before the crop planting season and after crop harvest (every April and September ), collect soil samples from statistically selected and designated command area farms, and drainage water samples from the selected points by the ME & NRM and send to the Regional Water and Soil chemical analysis laboratory of their respective jurisdiction i.e., Dushanbe, Kurgantubpe and Khujand for analysis. The division for environmental analysis and management within the Ministry of Irrigation which is responsible for environmental aspects of the irrigation projects. This unit will coordinate with ME&NRM for implementation of the project Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP)as per the procedures and guidelines. The ME&NRM issues directives, the applicability and validity of these environmental mitigation plans (EMPs). The ME&NRM has regional offices and Laboratories at Kurgantubpe, Khojand and Dushanbe for conducting the analysis and support for monitor environmental standards and provide recommendations on environmental parameters for mitigation of negative impacts. The division for environmental analysis and management within the Ministry of Irrigation which is responsible for environmental aspects of the irrigation projects. This unit will coordinate with ME&NRM for implementation of the project Environmental Mitigation Plan (EMP)as per the procedures and guidelines. The ME&NRM issues directives, the applicability and validity of these environmental mitigation plans (EMPs). The ME&NRM has regional offices and Laboratories at Kurgantubpe, Khojand and Dushanbe for conducting the analysis and support for monitor environmental standards and provide recommendations on environmental parameters for mitigation of negative impacts. ME&NRM Engineers supervise and conduct specialized inspections to monitor for protection of water, land, air, fauna and flora, fish, use of industrial waste/recycling; units for analytical control, and report to oblast, municipal, raion environmental committees. ME&NRM Engineers supervise the construction works, and control the environment on project/construction site. However, the existing situation is not satisfactory for the implementation of the EMP, at the ground level as well as institutional and laboratory capacity is presently weak and limited due decline in overall macroeconomic conditions and budgetary constraints. The project therefore provides for the laboratory equipment and operational expenses for the duration of the project. Details of the institutional arrangement for the collection of periodic water samples and feedback mechanisms are illustrated in the chart I of this EMP. The Environmental Advisor in the PMU would be responsible for introducing the environmental protection clauses in the contract Bid Documents so that all the works executed under the project conforms to the environmental regulations. The Environmental Advisor in the PMU and the ME& NRM would review the periodic reports of the Raion level Raivodkhoz engineers and the NGOs, news media reports during the construction MIWR on the Environmental reports with regard to above Noise, Dust, improper disposal of solid wastes and loss of vegetation and would recommend appropriate mitigation measures to restore the environmental conditions and in the event of the severe damages issue direction of change of construction regime and/or stop the work by issue of notice to the contractor. 17 Chart 1 - Institutional Arrangements for Monitoring and Mitigation Plan During Project During Construction State Level Project Coordination Committee National level NGO, Journalist's Reports, Civic society Complaints Director PMU / Advisor (Environment) Project Solid Wastes On Site Contract Rehabilitatioisonstruction Work in Progress in 10 Raions Raivodkhoz Raivodkhoz Raivodkhoz Raivodkhoz Ravodkhoz Raivodkhaz Raivodkhoz Ravodkhoz Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Ispeoction Inspection Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers Engineers from Macho from from from Hissar Shahrinau from from,' from Yavan Zafarabad, Leninski, Ralon Raion Kalkhozabad Gosimahk Raion raion Raion, Rion Raion Satisfactory Work Execution Reports Dissatisfactory Work Execution Reports - Due to High levels of Noise/Dust, Improper solid waste disposal, Severe damage to Vegetation, etc. ME & NRM Local NGO, V Recommend Journalist's In Severe cases Mitigation Measures Documentation, Reports, Civic reporting and society Complaints Archivina at Raion level eio Chii --------ArchivinRekcmme inge Chart 2 - Institutional Arrangement s for Monitoring and Mitigation Plan During Project During Operation Farms in Project Command Area /WUA Pilot Drinking Water Service Project Villages Field staff from Field staff from Field staff rrom Field staff from Respective Respective Respective Respective Respective R Raivadkhoz collect Raivadkhoz collect Raivadkhoz collect Raivadkhoz Raivadkhoz collect Raivadkhoz Drinking Water Soil and Water soils and water collect Soil and Soil and Water collect soils a Samples from Water Samples samples from water Samples Macho and Kalkhozabad, and Leninski, and from Macho and Kalkhozabad, from Leninski, Zatarabad Pilot Yavan raiot Pilot Sharinau raions Pilot Zafarabad raions Gosilamalik and Hissar and Villages Villages Yavan rairin Sharinaus rainns Regional Soil and Regional Soil and Regional Soil and Regionak Analytical Regional Analytical Regional Water. Chemical WaePhnia Labor ator3 of Laboratory of, Analytical Water Chemicalte Cemca Wateri Ceia alssLbrtry Department of E & Department of E & Laboratory of Anaysis Analysis Laboratory Laboratory of of MIWRat of MTWR at I I ! PC ProjectNRMmmat Arsaa/WU MWR at Khujand Kurgantubpe,' Dushanbe NR.a Dsab Regional Soil. & Water Chemical LaboratoreReus Regional Drinking Water Sample Laboratories\~'~ Results Director PMU. Ad%-isor (EnVironent)Revew the Results and Conmunicate to Respective Agencies for Action Kakhz dAnnual National Level Seminar on Environmental State Level Pr je at C Ana borator CiNGOs, JousnaLio'sr Reort Pilotato' DrnkngWaerSevieuroectVllge Ciac cdho CollNect 19 V. Mitigation Measures during Construction: 9. The key mitigating measures against the potential negative impact that is being envisaged under the project Environment Mitigation Plan (EMP) with regard to each of the items are as follows: Environmental damage possibly caused by contractors during construction activities: Such as i) Noise; ii) Dust; iii) Solid wastes dumping of excavated sediments and other materials from irrigation and drainage canals, structures; and iv) damage to natiral vegetation etc.,: necessary mitigating measures would constitute integral part of the design and implementation including the contracts binding the contractors to carry out the environmental obligations during construction of the sub-project. Standard bidding documents would have the following environmental precautionary clauses: "The natural landscape should be preserved to the extent possible by conducting operations in a manners that will prevent unnecessary destruction or scarring of natural surroundings. Except where required for permanent works, quarries, borrow pits, staging and processing areas, dumps, and camps, all trees, saplings, and shrubbery should be protected from unnecessary damage by project related activities. After unavoidable damage and to restore quasi-original conditions were appropriate; Contractor's operations should be so performed as to prevent accidental spillage of contaminants, debris, or other pollutants, especially into streams or underground water resources. Such pollutants include untreated sewage and sanitary waste, tailings, petroleum products, chemical, biocides, mineral salts, and thermal pollution. Wastewater, including those from aggregate processing and concrete batching, must not enter streams without settling ponds, grave I filters, or other process, so as not to impair water quality or harm aquatic life; The contractor should ensure proper disposal of waste materials and rubbish. If disposal by burial or fire, it should not cause negative impact to either the air, soil nor ground water supplies; The contractor should minimize air and water pollution emissons. Dust from the handling or transporting of aggregates, cement, etc., should be minimized by sprinkling or other methods. Materials, brush or trees should only be burned when the owners permits, under favorable weather conditions; The contractor's facilities, such as warehouse, labor camps, and storage areas, should be planned in advance to decide what the area will look like upon completion of construction. These facilities should be located so as to preserve the natural environment (such as trees and other vegetation) to the maximum extent possible. After project construction, camps and building should either serve as permanent residences and form future communities, if such use can be fore seen and approved, or be tom down and the area restore to its quasi-original condition in order to avoid deterioration into shanty towns. Borrow pits should be landscaped and planted accordingly to an ecological design to provide some substitute area for lost natural landscapes and habitats." 20 Mitigation Measures during Operation : a) Quality of the drinking water: The water will be regularly analyzed for all the standard parameters ( attachment 1) in the regional ME& NRM laboratories and reports submitted to ME&NRM regularly. b) . With regard to Soil and drainage water qualities: The samples will be analized in the regional Soil and water chemical laboratories of MIWR by the Raivodkhoz staff. This is proposed to be implemented in coordination and synchronization with the on going program Farm Privatization Support Project (FPSP), in the same project area by the same Project Management Unit (PMU) on three elements i.e. training, demonstration and information services. These activities are totally integrated with the RIRP where training will be provided to the farming community of the project area sensitizing them on all the environmental issues; c). on soil erosion associated with the maintenance of existing practices of agricultural production and improper and indiscriminate use of on-farm irrigation water such as resorting to flood irrigation by the farm owners, choice of modern water conservation techniques and methods,: the MOA supported by the training and demonstration program under the FPSP would be providing improved soil and land management practices to the farming community to prevent any soil erosion associated with the maintenance of existing practices of agricultural production; and demonstrations under the FPSP will provide advise and training to the farmers not only to farming community in the project area but also to the entire farming community in the raions upstream of the irrigation scheme. It is however noted that most of the erosion occurs in the upper catchment which this project will not be addressing but will be taken up as a part of National Resource Management Program study; The Issue of Nurek Dam Safety : The proposed project does not directly affests with the investment .now being proposed for rehabilitation. The status of this Dam has been investigated by the World Bank under. Aral Sea Basin Program, has carried out an asssessment of the safety requirements of Nurek dam, and detailed recommendations are being taken into account in the protection of Nurek dam for its effective performance. Final detailed estimates are still under study. This was discussed with the ME& NRM, MIWR and the Deputy Prime Minister, cabinet ofMinisters during appraisal. Acceptance and acting on the recommendations for the mitigation measures of the Nurek Dam safety will be a condition of effectiveness of the proposed RIR. The Issue of Notification requirement under OP 7.50: All the proposed rehabilitation works on the RIRP are part of an existing scheme and would involve rehabilitation only, which would not exceed the original scheme, alter or expand the volume of water abstraction limits as a signatory to the internationally agreed water share of October 7, 1967, which is currently valid. The proposed project shall not change the existing nature of the water abstraction, or alter its scope and extent as to make it a new or different scheme. The quantity of the water share would be limited by the head works design capacity that was originally conceived and constructed and would not be altered. The works would not adversely impact in any way water use or water quality in the riparian countries. It would also not be adversely affected by other riparian possible future water use, as improvement to the water management and drainage system will only improve the environmental conditions. Most of the drainage water from the project area hitherto were being discharged with much more pollutants and agrochemical into the Aral sea basin. After the completion of the RIRP works, the drainage 21 water would still be discharged into the systems, but with lesser quantities of pollutants and would be regulated and monitored. In view of the foregoing facts and in line with paragraph 7 (a) of OP 7.50, it is strongly felt that this project does not constitute a case for the notification requirement . The Development Credit Agreement would include a covenant calling for the implemertation of this Environmental Management Plan. Management Responsibility: The environmental management responsibility will be shared by three agencies: i.) The Executing Agency; (ii) Supervising Agency; and (iii) Monitoring Agency. i.) The Executing Agency will assume the responsibility for: (a) the design and assessment of the physical work options in accordance to the Tajik environmental norms, regulations and requirement; and (b) the physical implementation of the activities under the project. Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources (MIWR), Consulting design engineers of the Design Institute and externally engaged consulting engineers will assume the primary responsibility for providing alternative designs and for preparation of the bidding documents with specifications taking into account environmental protection requirements. Contractors will be responsible for the implementation of the rehabilitation works in accordance with environmental requirement specified in the bidding documents. (ii) Supervising Agency: Project Management Unit ( PMU) will be the Supervising Agency and will be responsible for the timely and sound execution of works and activities in sequence under the project. It has to obtain the clearances from the ME& NRM for each of the individual sub- project before placing it before the Project Coordination Committee for approval. (iii) Monitoring Agency: The ME& NRM will be the primary monitoring agency for the RIRP activities. A full time environmental Advisor will be appointed for the RIRP for the Monitoring purposes and She/he shall submit her/his quarterly monitoring reports to the Director PDU who will submit to Sate level Pror nt Coordination Committee headed by Deputy Prime Minister at the Cabinet of Ministers level. n addition the Bank environmental specialist will monitor during supervision missions adherence to the EMP by various agencies. During the operations the Raivodkhoz engineers and field staff of ME& NRM would collect the soil and water samples and arrange to get them analyzed in the respective regional laboratories and depending upon the result provide appropriate mitigation measures to the Farmers and community (see Chart 2) . The State level Project Coordination Committee headed by the Deputy Prime Minister would review the project implementation quarterly reports including the environmental iss1es submitted by the Director, PMU periodically at least thrice an year during the project implem ntation period. 22 Attachment -1 Water Quality Standards Used in Tadjikistan 1. GOST 2874-82 State Standards for Drinking Water, X-NoA Indicators Quantity/Amount 2. Dry residue No more than 1000 mg/1 3. PH 6.5-8.5 4. Odor at 200C 2 points (on 1 -10 Scale from good to bad) 5. Taste at 200C 2 points (on 1 -10 Scale from good to bad) 6. Color 200C 7. Turbidness 1.5 8. Weighted substances/suspended particles Water surface should not have weighted substances/supensions, oil film, fuel, lubricants etc. 9. Hardness No more than 7 mg-eqv./I 10. Bacillus No more than 3/1 11. Carbon tetrachloride No more than 0.006 mg/n 12. Dichlor ethylene No more than 0.0006 mg/I 13. Polyacrylamide residual No more tthan 2 mg/1 14. Benzapyrene No more than 0.005 mkg/1 15. Calcium 180 mg/I 16. Iron 0.3 mg/i 17. Residual Aluminum 0.5 mg/i 18. Beryllium 0.0002 mg/I 19. Tungsten 0.05 mg/i 20. Vanadium 0.1 mg/1 21. Tin 0.002 mg/i 22. Chloride No more than 350 mg/1 23. Sulfates Less than 500 mg/i 24. Fluorides 0.7-1.5 mg/1 25. Nitrates 45 mg/1 (Total with nitrates) 26. Nitrite 1.0 mg/i 27. Copper 1.0 mg/i 28. Nickel 0.1 mg/i 29. Cobalt 1.0 mg/i 30. Silver 0.05 mg/i 31. Manganese 0.1 mg/i 32. Molybdenum 0.25 mg/1 33. Arsenic 0.05 mg/ 34. Mercury 0.005 mg/I 35. Zinc 5.0 mg/I 36. Lead, Pb 0.03 g/1 37. Hexavalent Chromium 0.1 mg/1 38. Trivalent chromium 0.5 mg/i 39. Cadmium 0.01 mg/i 40. Selenium 0.001 mg/i 23 Attachement -2 2. Irrigation Water Quality Standards MMoNo Water Quality Quality Total Salt Including toxic Score contents g/l g/l % _ I Very good 5 1 0.1 10 2 Good 6-10 2 0.4 20 3 Satisfactory 11-15 5 1.8 35 4 Poor 16-20 8 4.0 50 5 Unsatisfactory 20 8 4.0 50 3. Comprehensive Irrigation Water Assessment Possible negative impact Quality Indicators Terms for Use 1 2 3 4 I Salinization Ki= 0.03M/(Ca- + If K, < 4- water can be used to + Mg ) irrigate all types of soils; if Kj= 4 - 5- water is used to M-mineralization, mg/; irrigate sandy and loamy; all ions in mmol/dM3 If Kj= 5 - 6- to irrigate sandy soils. 2 Sodium formation K2= (HCO3 + C03) - IfK2> 1.25 mmol/dm- water is (Ca2 + 2) safefor irrigation; IfK2=1.25 -2.5 ALVt.O7b/dV3 water can be used to irrigate acid soil; if K2=2.5 mnol/dm3 water cannot be used 3 Sodium Alkalization K3= (Na-+ Mg' + K3> 4 possible to irrigate medium +Ca2+)/ and heavy loamy soils; (Ca2++ Mg) K3> 5-6, salinizition is possible when light loamy soils and sandy and loamy soils are irrigated 4 Magnesium Alkalization K4= (Mg'+100%)/ K4> 50% causes Magnesium (Ca2++ Mj+) Alkalization 5 Chloride Alkalization K5= (2CT +SO4)/2 K5>=3-7 mmol/dm - to irrigate water with low water absorption; K5 = 7 -15 ALwolb/6.t3 - soils with average water absorption; K5 = 15 -20 )o.,/da3 - soils with good water absorption 24 F. CONSULTATION WITH LOCAL NGOs AND PROJECT-AFFECTED GROUPS A meeting was held under the chairmanship of Mr. T Ostanaev, director of the ProJect Management Unit, on 29 February, 2000, at the seminar hall of the Ministry of Agriculture, at 44. Rudaki Street, Dushanbe, preceded by the public invitation. (See the document at Attachment - F-1). The following included the agenda of the meeting: * Environmental Aspects of the Rural Infrastructure Rehabilitation Project; * Formation of the Water User's Association for Operation and Maintenance of the Irrigation and drainage works and cost recovery; * Formation of community organization for the Operation and maintenance of the Village Drinking Water Facilities to be rehabilitated/Developed. The project authorities presented the project and the issues with regard to the above points Following is the brief summery of the participant's views with regard to the project. * The participants unanimously concluded that the outputs of the proposed project components would strengthen sustainable development of the National agriculture, involving technologies, policies and actions directed at the integration of socioeconomic principles related to the environmental protection. This, without doubt, would promote development and increase the agricultural production and would economically help the farms (farmers), prevent the risk of the decreased productivity of irrigated land, protect natural "assets", and prevent the degradation of soil fertility and water quality. * It is expected that the project would promote sustainable and effective use of irrigated land and water, introduction of environmentally sustainable management practices, increased responsibilities for the environment. Rehabilitation and improvement of irrigation and drainage systems would help to improve the efficient water use, to reduce soil salinity and erosion and water pollution caused by soil degradation. * The drinking water program would mitigate the problem of drinking water availability in the project villages and the proposed project approach would improve the sanitary and health and living conditions of these villagers as the protected water supply would reduce the incidences of water related diseases. * Based on the above the meeting considered the project to be technically feasible, environmentally sound, socially acceptable and they would provide full cooperation for its successful implementation. * The meeting also expressed that it was quite educative to organize such meetings. These types of Public Consultation were not organized under former Soviet Union. People in general are not aware of the environmental assessment needs and the rights and responsibilities of the people and their role in the project realization. and it was therefore emphasized that more attention is required to be paid to educate the citizens to (i) sensitize the people about the environmental impacts and their duties and responsibilities (ii) to review the general and technical principles of environmental procedures and the role of government and private agencies; and (iii) to educate the people about the existing legislation, norms and procedures of the Republic of Tajikistan and to suggest any modifications for improvements. 25 езоцr�х вg взвцеh гдн£онl,з�т t;зхвg ивhн,�вн двХ j•цвдоtт ьаи,tч,е ихинхаi, r�ида • вg вдиеох иВдввц дВк Вига.гзиз c-rrг нихац `�Вдоц ц',С�Сн гвиgег иsакх и:rtеn:ч.в,,.г{r�t ►кезча.х.оио хи но.z,оихиьоу дв� их rr�tm вядЕх �•хЕ:х ох�е,�одвg иэоов de17 . •rс�вдоsг�тагк зоое фодге �iцдит ' Еа нготгиц иохитвhох игох.�-` иiчl�в'двьv инiехиз вs иiвтцопво иувцох инв��zп dv.гxag вg BL*иrrdz.e хонгкодиз иохик.�езех иинетнзгец инец.�Е•s иgеgез ихошr�нг ихон�вфиз и9о £в гоха� игони�ч,ег и�го вт+�ондвg ич.r�th инек,�s�ен иvги� , ��"нког��нат� 3.Е!itИOз�S3V НиУ�£ Еа 00 ИОХЕСIИХL�£ ИНВ�"д�ССЭ ЕiофИ.L^1И ,LзгСд�Сi ',"?I7/C}ЧЕн iHEVL�OO гзиt�р.1. и£яих игВgзин одгохахf иiц.гохв ид�ч�пт их `�нВа�азv .�_.:�-.охтvи нии;ВS ев go иz•тв�д�{о вrофигзи хонвдгтсва xttиo охигииовдоъ изхацц,иоч инвtУ:iгчtiн идоh . ��sвт дВтшаg охно иихонцизох ииц�fохаg ва oxинw�es и��тггвдо�иrатк и,tr.цох ен tтеввтп двгптао .tохац ницохв иихонцtiкодвгr `�нВаепт �'аиs иsдУвопгии иохд.водиs иz.гоаха.i.зи их `�tнвхицатк цsинохзки охиниgвдоь нts и�тлгв}� 'цВ�'дв.iаl�г ВгкондВg идизч.Вг ивдиоп' и,i.зи£ иа.их�гч к�£аих иаиоg `Вц�о 1сих��к ацах иd�ixEV�Ch ии£дВнотигх иВхоз и.z.аихвдВг вg тзВ цнВг�*zxoцg гзиs и.,.их�iтч иs�с Bg ин `.L•faodц иwзих ни их `trнti�тho оезоц,Сх вg еноциrtхк но.тЕ•��гквнходи.vати иеIчв}Z . 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Чуннн чаласахо дар даараи Шурави ryзаронда намешуданд ва ин боиси вайроягиавии мухиzш зкст гарzхид. �►а нн ходхисахо ваsияти нохяяяои Ёвон, Дангара ва Бешкент мисол шуда ме�r�авонанд. Барои пешгири намудани ходисахои манфии экv:�оrн ба мардум (а) боядt вазифа ва ма�ссадрсои онхоро оиди хиВзи мухити зист фахмонда шаваид, (6) вазифахои � давлат ва тцахсони алокида нисбатк хкфзи табиаr муакян тиаванд ва бояд онхо нисбати ин масъутzият ва �чавобгарии худро эътироф намоsпi;д, (в) барои дарк , ва ичро намудани вазифа�сои дар боло зикр шryда бо ахопни дехот бо праrраммахон махсус омузицr rузаронда шаванд. Амапи намудани барнома имконият медихац, ки обу замин самаранок истифода шаванд ва сабаби дуруст сарф намудаг�и захирахои об rлрцад. Таъмиру баркарор намудан�к шабакахои обери ва захбурко барои исrифодаи салlаравоки об шароити мусоид фарокам оварда, киш�гзорхоро аз шуршави нигох дошта, ба ифпосшавии об маъмоният расоыаtrд. ! Раиси Чаласа Т. Остонаев ...�-,- Котиб � Р. 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